OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iofendylate

Iofendylate is a molecule that was used as a radiocontrast agent, typically for performing myelography studies. It was marketed under the trade names Pantopaque (in North America) and Myodil (rest of the world).
Iofendylate is a highly lipophilic (oily) substance and as such it was recommended that the physician remove it from the patient at the end of the myelography study, which was a difficult and painful part of the procedure. Moreover, because complete removal could not always be achieved (or even attempted by some physicians), iofendylate's persistence in the body might sometimes lead to arachnoiditis, a potentially painful and debilitating lifelong disorder of the spine. As a result, the substance, which was used extensively for over three decades, became the subject of multiple lawsuits filed around the world.
Iofendylate's use ceased when water-soluble agents suitable for spinal imaging (such as metrizamide) became available in the late 1970s. With those substances it was no longer necessary to manually remove the contrast agent as it would eventually be removed by the body. Also, with the advent of MRI, myelography studies are nowadays much less-frequently performed.
# The Innocent (1985 film)

The Innocent is a 1985 John Mackenzie drama film, starring Andrew Hawley, Liam Neeson and Miranda Richardson, and is set in the Yorkshire Dales just after World War I. The film is about the struggles of a young Yorkshire boy trying to come to grips with squabbling parents, a doctor who wants to institutionalize him because of his epilepsy, and a mother who refuses to accept that he is different in any way. The film was produced by Tempest Films Ltd.

## Cast

* Andrew Hawley as Timothy 'Tim' Dobson
* Kika Markham as Mrs. Dobson
* Kate Foster as Win
* Liam Neeson as John Carns
* Patrick Daley as Eddie King
* Paul Askew as Stanley
* Lorraine Peters as Win's grandmother
* Tom Bell as Frank Dobson
* Richard Hope as Mouth organ player
* Jack Carr as Mill owner
* Clive Wood as Turner
* Miranda Richardson as Mary Turner
* Richard Laxton as Reg Reid
* Denis Lill as Doctor
* Alison Lloyd as Woolshop owner
* Bill Rodgers as Drinksbearer
# Grenada at the 2004 Summer Olympics

Grenada competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. This was the nation's sixth consecutive appearance at the Olympics.
Grenada Olympic Committee sent a total of five athletes (three men and two women), competing only in athletics and swimming. Track runner and world indoor champion Alleyne Francique was appointed by the committee to become the nation's flag bearer in the opening ceremony. A top favorite in the men's 400 metres, Francique narrowly missed a chance to grab the nation's first ever Olympic medal with a fantastic fourth-place finish.

## Athletics

Grenadan athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard).

### Track & road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Alleyne Francique | 400 m | 45.32 | 1 Q | 45.08 | 3 q | 44.66 | 4 |

### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Randy Lewis | Triple jump | 16.33 | 28 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Track & road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Hazel-Ann Regis | 400 m | 51.66 | 3 Q | 51.47 | 7 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Key

* Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

## Swimming
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Johnathan Steele | 50 m freestyle | 26.40 | 65 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Melissa Ashby | 100 m breaststroke | 1:22.67 | 45 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# The Lapse

The Lapse was an American indie band formed in late 1997.

## History

The band was first signed to Gern Blandsten, then Southern Records. A larger deal with Matador Records fell through in 2001. The Lapse was the duo of then boyfriend/girlfriend Chris Leo (ex-Native Nod and brother of Ted Leo) and Toko Yasuda (Enon, ex-Blonde Redhead). They formed The Lapse after the breakup of their previous band, The Van Pelt. The Lapse had Leo on guitar and Yasuda on bass with both handling vocals. The band welcomed a long list of guest musicians over the years, including Don Devore, Justin DuClos, and Gary Keating.
The group's debut album, Betrayal!, was partially made up of songs Leo originally written for The Van Pelt. The follow-up, 2000's Heaven Ain't Happenin', deviated mainly from indie rock and was focused towards more of an experimental sound.
The Lapse formally disbanded in 2001, with Yasuda leaving to join Enon. Leo went to form the Vague Angels, with Chris as primary singer/songwriter on guitar.

## Discography

* Betrayal! (1998, Gern Blandsten)
* Heaven Ain't Happenin' (2000, Southern Records)
# The India Gazette

The India Gazette; or, Calcutta Public Advertiser was an English language weekly newspaper published in Calcutta (now Kolkata), then capital of British India. It was the second newspaper printed in India.

## Overview

Founded by Bernard Messink and Peter Reed, two East India Company employees, the paper was a strong supporter of the administration of the Governor General Warren Hastings, and a rival to India's first newspaper Hicky's Bengal Gazette. It was founded on 18 November 1780.
# Schubert P-1

The Schubert P-1 is a sailplane produced in Brazil, designed by the aeronautical engineer Ekkehard Schubert.

## Design and development

The fuselage construction is made of FRP, in single shell, with two caverns for fixing the wing and the landing gear. The fuselage structure includes the drift structure, whose surface is made of FRP and PVC foam sandwich. The rear spar of the drift, with FRP tables (uni-directional fabric or roving) and FRP sandwich core supported by PVC foam, closes the entire structure. The wing-fuselage connection is made by means of the two caverns, in which the half-wings are connected by means of two wing-wing connecting pins.
The three-dimensional geometry of the fuselage cabin is derived from a two-dimensional profile, accommodated in the flow of the wing. Negative camber at -1.7 m, at the wing tip, measured at the aileron articulation axis. Schempp-Hirth brakes on the extrados.
The first flight of the P1 was on March 3, 2002, at CTA in São José dos Campos.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 8.3 m (27 ft 3 in)
* Wingspan: 16.5 m (54 ft 2 in)
* Height: 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in)
* Wing area: 16.01 m$^2$ (172.3 sq ft)
* Airfoil: NACA 66$_3$-018 at root NACA 66$_2$-015 at tip
* Empty weight: 320 kg (705 lb)
* Gross weight: 520 kg (1,146 lb)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 156 km/h (97 mph, 84 kn)
* Maximum glide ratio: 1:33
* Rate of sink: 0.6 m/s (120 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 32.0 kg/m$^2$ (6.6 lb/sq ft) maximum
# Grist Mill Bridge

Grist Mill Bridge may refer to:
* Grist Mill Bridge (Lebanon, Maine)
* Grist Mill Bridge, Dam and Mill Site, Elsie, Michigan
* Grist Mill Covered Bridge, Cambridge, Vermont
# Mrs. Alexander Fraser

Caroline Rosetta Fraser (née Small; 10 February 1829 – 1908), better known by the pen name Mrs. Alexander Fraser, was a romance writer of the Victorian era and the estranged wife of General Alexander Fraser (1824–1898).

## Biography

Caroline Rosetta Small was born in British-occupied India on 10 February 1829 to English parents, Beaumont Dixie Small and Caroline Honora Pereira. Her birthplace was in the Lahore District of modern-day Pakistan. Her father, an assistant surgeon with the East India Company's Bengal Light Infantry, died unexpectedly in 1831. Caroline's mother later married James Frushard on 1 March 1834.
With the exception of two years spent studying in Paris, Fraser spent most of her youth in India. On 11 March 1847, she married Alexander Fraser, at the time a lieutenant in the Bengal Engineer Group. Alexander Fraser went on to have a long career as a civil engineer building numerous railroads and lighthouses throughout India. The couple had two sons, Alexander Bruce Siddons Fraser (1848–1933) and Campbell Edward Fraser (1850–1926), both born in India.
Fraser's writing career appears to have coincided with the breakdown of her marriage. By the 1871 British Census, Fraser was living alone with her widowed mother and sons in England. English civil records indicate that Fraser applied unsuccessfully for a legal separation in 1867 and again in 1885. General Fraser returned to England, living independently with a second family, which included son Bruce Austin Fraser (later 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape) (1888–1981).
Although some sources say Fraser died in Steyning, Sussex, England in 1908, records connected with her burial in All Saints churchyard, Patcham place her death at Withdean, Brighton on 8 December 1908.

## Selected works

* Faithless
* Not While She Lives (1870)
* Denison's Wife (1872)
* Guardian and Lover (1876)
* Her Plighted Troth (1876)
* A Thing of Beauty (1877)
* A Maddening Blow (1878)
* A Fatal Passion (1879)
* False Hearts and True (1879)
* Her Deserts (1881)
* A Professional Beauty (1882)
* A Fashionable Marriage (1883)
* Guardian and Lover (1883)
* A Peeress of 1882, and Other Stories (1883)
* Only A Face, and Other Tales (1883)
* The Match of the Season (1885)
* The Last Drawing Room (1886)
* A Leader of Society (1887)
* Daughters of Belgravia (1887)
* She Came Between: A Love Story (1887)
* A Leader in Society (1887)
* Purple and Fine Linen (1889)
* Lady Claud (1889)
* The New Duchess (1890)
* A Modern Bridegroom (1892)
* A Mayfair Tragedy (1894)
# Rio Verde (Tocantins)

Rio Verde (Portuguese for "green river") is a river of Tocantins state in central Brazil.
# Roger Hägglund

Roger Hägglund (2 July 1961 – 6 June 1992) was a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman who played three games for the Quebec Nordiques of the National Hockey League in 1984–85.
Hägglund was drafted 138th overall in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft by the St. Louis Blues.
He played 13 seasons in IF Björklöven in Umeå, both before and after his time in NHL, and participated in their winning the national championship in 1987.
Hägglund was killed in a car accident in Sweden in 1992. IF Björklöven retired number 23, worn by Hägglund, after the accident.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1977–78 | IF Björklöven J20 | SWE-Jr | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1977–78 | IF Björklöven | SWE-2 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1978–79 | IF Björklöven J20 | SWE-Jr | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1978–79 | IF Björklöven | SWE | 25 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1979–80 | IF Björklöven J20 | SWE-Jr | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1979–80 | IF Björklöven | SWE | 7 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 28 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 1980–81 | IF Björklöven J20 | SWE-Jr | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1980–81 | IF Björklöven | SWE | 27 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 21 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1981–82 | IF Björklöven | SWE | 35 | 7 | 11 | 18 | 40 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| 1982–83 | IF Björklöven | SWE | 34 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 64 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1983–84 | Västra Frölunda IF | SWE | 27 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1984–85 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1984–85 | Fredericton Express | AHL | 34 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1985–86 | IF Björklöven | SWE | 33 | 4 | 17 | 21 | 50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1986–87 | IF Björklöven | SWE | 28 | 3 | 15 | 18 | 36 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| 1987–88 | IF Björklöven | SWE | 35 | 5 | 14 | 19 | 42 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 1988–89 | IF Björklöven | SWE | 16 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1988–89 | IF Björklöven | SWE-2 | 17 | 8 | 15 | 23 | 44 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1989–90 | IF Björklöven | SWE-2 | 30 | 7 | 39 | 46 | 48 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1990–91 | IF Björklöven | SWE-2 | 34 | 11 | 36 | 47 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1991–92 | IF Björklöven | SWE-2 | 34 | 13 | 28 | 41 | 60 | — | — | — | — | — |
| SWE totals | SWE totals | SWE totals | 267 | 40 | 101 | 141 | 354 | 25 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 24 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1979 | Sweden | EJC | | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 18 |
| 1981 | Sweden | WJC | | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 |
| 1982 | Sweden | WC | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1983 | Sweden | WC | | 7 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | 10 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 24 |
| Senior totals | Senior totals | Senior totals | Senior totals | 14 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
# Ven-Zelderheide

Ven-Zelderheide is a village in the southeast Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Gennep, Limburg.
In 2011 the population reached just over 800.
The town has a typical linear geography with most of its residences situated along its two main roads; the Kleefseweg and the Vensestraat. In the southwest, Ven-Zelderheide is bordered by the town Ottersum, and in northeast it is bordered by Germany.
A windmill (Gristmill) called; Rest after Labor (Dutch: Rust na Arbeid) is situated at the Kleefseweg.

## History

Early writings on Zelder date from the end of the 14th century. In this time Zelder was part of Guelders and was managed by Johan Kodken van Zeller who lived in Haus Driesberg in a neighboring town called Kessel.

## Name

The town comprised three areas, which have influenced the town's current name.
The first part, “Ven” originates from the Dutch word “veen” which means peat, referring to the original vegetation in the northern part before it was cultivated and turned into arable land.
The second part, “Zelderheide” means: moorland of Zelder, referring to the former central situated moorland. Historically, the town consisted of three areas: an area of peat, an area with moorland and an area called Zelder, the latter is situated in the south.
Locally the town is referred to as “Het Ven”.

## Legend

According to a local legend, somewhere in the 15th century, the Dutchess of Cleves made a visit to Lord van Zeller. The road in Ven-Zelderheide on the way back to her castle in Cleves was so bad that the axle of her carriage broke and the carriage got stuck in the mud. The two coachmen quickly scanned the area in the incoming darkness but there were no people around. The Dutchess shouted for help but no one came. She then desperately prayed to Anthony the Great and then, all of a sudden, men started rushing in to help. To show her gratitude to the people of Ven-Zelderheide, she had a chapel built, devoted to Anthony the Great. The chapel can be seen in the Vensestraat.

## The Zelder estate

The southern part of Ven-Zelderheide is considered an estate named Zelder. It is largely surrounded by the river Niers.
A large part of the estates consists of the national nature reserve the Zelderse Driessen.
During two separate archeological excavations on Zelder, in 1990 and 1997, a Merovingan cemetery dating from 6th/7th century was exposed. Gifts, like weapons and jewelry, found along with the graves, and two horse graves, indicated that some of the people buried there where of great wealth.
On the estate is a company situated called Euro Grass, previously known as Zelder, that is specialized in breeding new grass varieties.
The estate also has a chapel situated on a mound, built around the year 1600. The chapel is surrounded by several old monumental farmhouses.
51°43′N 6°1′E﻿ / ﻿51.717°N 6.017°E﻿ / 51.717; 6.017
# Vistula Offensive

Vistula Offensive can refer to:
* Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
* Soviet Vistula-Oder Offensive in 1945
# Museo del Grabado de Goya

The Museo del Grabado de Goya (English: Goya Engraving Museum) is an art museum dedicated to the engravings made by Spanish artist Francisco Goya, in Fuendetodos, near Zaragoza, Spain. It is the only museum in the world dedicated entirely to Goya's artworks. It is located right next to the painter's birthplace, and it was inaugurated in 1989.

## Building

The museum is housed in a modest peasant home from the 18th century, and it is decorated accordingly. It consists of a hall, a living room and a kitchen. It also helds graphic documentation.

## Museum

The museum is housed in a typical village building, built in stone and remodeled for its new use. The Provincial Council of Zaragoza and the Fuendetodos City Council financed its restoration and the museum was inaugurated in April 1989.
This building is actually a typical house from Aragon. It is composed of three floors: the ground floor with the vestibule, the kitchen, agricultural rooms and a small patio with a well; the first floor is composed of four rooms and the second floor is an attic. The exhibition is located on both floors, while the ground floor is occupied by the reception, the store, the offices and a small room that hosts temporary exhibitions.
The museum contains four permanent collections of engravings by Goya:
* Los caprichos
* The Disasters of War
* La Tauromaquia
* Los disparates
The first floor displays 22 prints from Los disparates series, 40 prints from La Tauromaquia and 82 prints from The Disasters of War, while the second floor displays 80 engravings from Los caprichos. The collection was created thanks to several donations of works from renowned artists bought after they were auctioned.
# Joseph Berkson

Joseph Berkson (14 May 1899 – 12 September 1982) was trained as a physicist (BSc 1920, College of City of New York [CCNY], M.A., 1922, Columbia), physician (M.D., 1927, Johns Hopkins), and statistician (Dr.Sc., 1928, Johns Hopkins). He is best known for having identified a source of bias in observational studies caused by selection effects known as Berkson's paradox.
In 1950, as Head (1934–1964) of the Division of Biometry and Medical Statistics of the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, Berkson wrote a key paper entitled Are there two regressions? In this paper Berkson proposed an error model for regression analysis that contradicted the classical error model until that point assumed to generally apply and this has since been termed the Berkson error model. Whereas the classical error model is statistically independent of the true variable, Berkson's model is statistically independent of the observed variable. Carroll et al. (1995) refer to the two types of error models as follows:
* error models including the Classical Measurement Error models and Error Calibration Models, where the conditional distribution of W given (Z, X) is modeled — use of such a model is appropriate when attempting to determine X directly, but this is prevented by various errors in measurement.
* regression calibration models (also known as controlled-variable or Berkson error models), where the conditional distribution of X given (Z, W) is modeled.
Berkson is also widely recognised as the key proponent in the use of the logistic in preference to the normal distribution in probabilistic techniques. Berkson is also credited with the introduction of the logit model in 1944, and with coining this term. The term was borrowed by analogy from the very similar probit model developed by Chester Ittner Bliss in 1934.
Berkson was a prominent opponent of the idea that cigarette smoking causes cancer. In the 1957 Liggett & Myers annual report, he was quoted as saying "the evidence, taken as a whole, does not establish, on any reasonable scientific basis, that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer." Following the issuance of the famous report Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, he was quoted in Life magazine as saying it was "very doubtful that smoking causes cancer of the lung."
# Konstanty Troczyński

Konstanty Troczyński (9 December 1906 in Częstochowa — 27 May 1942 in Auschwitz) was a Polish literature theoretician and critic.
Troczyński worked at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. During the Second World War and the German occupation of Poland he taught at the so-called "Secret Universities" in Kraków. He was arrested by the Gestapo and murdered in the German concentration camp Auschwitz.

## Works

* Od formizmu do moralizmu (1935)
* Artysta i dzieło (1938)
* This biographical article about a Polish academic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about a Polish writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# John Bull (ship)

Several vessels have borne the name John Bull, named for the figure John Bull:
* John Bull was a Falmouth packet that made two voyages on the Falmouth–Halifax, Nova Scotia–New York–Halifax–Falmouth route, one between 15 July 1790 and 15 November, and the other between 12 April 1791 and 24 July.
* John Bull (1798 ship) was a French brig captured in 1798 and renamed. She commenced one voyage as a slaver but wrecked in 1802.
* John Bull (1799 ship) was a ship launched at Liverpool in 1799. She spent most of her career as a West Indiaman, trading between Liverpool and Jamaica, but also made one voyage as a Guineaman (slave ship). She was briefly a privateer with at least one capture to her credit, and made one voyage transporting female convicts to New South Wales. She then made an unsuccessful voyage as a whaler in the Pacific. She was last listed in 1833.
* John Bull (1800 ship) was a French vessel that from 1800 to circa 1805 sailed as a British privateer operating out of Jersey. Her master was plaintiff in a notable case involving the law of salvage. She returned to mercantile trading and was wrecked in 1810.
* John Bull (1815 ship) was built in 1815 at Fort Gloster, Calcutta. She carried convicts from India to Mauritius and Sydney, and traded between India and Mauritius and New South Wales. She was sold in New South Wales in 1824. Until mid-1827 she traded first with Tasmania, and then with Canton. In June 1827 she became a whaler based in Sydney and made two complete voyages. She disappeared without a trace after November 1830 while on her third whaling voyage.
# Transparency (trade)

Transparency is a World Trade Organization principle stipulating that a country’s policies and regulations affecting foreign trade should be clearly communicated to its trading partners.
For example, out of recognition that sanitary and phytosanitary measures may (sometimes deliberately) be unclear, arbitrary, or capricious, recent international trading agreements have provisions calling on countries to notify others, in advance, about any measures that could affect trade, to fully explain them, and to provide a means for commenting on them.
The main provision dealing with transparency in WTO is Article X of GATT.

## Also see

* Transparency (behavior)
# Smardz

Smardz is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Karolyn Smardz Frost, Canadian historian
* Kevin Smardz (born 1975), American politician