OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Waxwing (rocket motor)

Waxwing was a British solid rocket motor used for apogee kick as the 3rd (upper) stage of the Black Arrow satellite launch vehicles. It was also known as Black Arrow-3. Waxwing was used to successfully place the Prospero X-3 satellite into low Earth orbit on 28 October 1971, Britain's only satellite launched on an indigenously developed launch vehicle. Before being separated from the Black Arrow launch vehicle, it would be spun on a turntable using six radial 'Imp' solid rocket motors to spin stabilise the satellite. This means that any discrepancy in thrust in any direction would be cancelled out. The Waxwing motor is now out of production.
Another possible use of Waxwing was to increase the velocity of test re-entry vehicles on Black Knight during tests for the Blue Streak missile. However, this is disputed by other sources.

## Design and development

Design was by the Rocket Propulsion Establishment (RPE) at Westcott and it was manufactured by Bristol Aerojet, with four units for the Black Arrow program with their first flight 1969. The casing was spherical and the propellant grain used an internal star profile to control the initial burn rate.
Specifications
* Thrust (sea level): 25.9 kN (5823 lbf)
* Thrust (vacuum): 29.4 kN (6609 lbf)
* Specific impulse (sea level): 245 s
* Specific impulse (vacuum): 278 s
* Burn time: 28 s
* Weight:
** Gross mass: 397 kg (875 lb)
** Unfuelled mass: 87 kg (191lb)
* Dimensions:
** Diameter: 0.69 m (2.26 ft)
** Height: 1.22 m (4.00 ft)
** Nozzle length: 22 in (0.56 m)
** Nozzle diameter: 18 in (0.46 m)
# Sulawesi soft-furred rat

The Sulawesi soft-furred rat (Eropeplus canus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus Eropeplus. It is found only in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Marco Martos

Marcos Martos may refer to:
* Marco Martos (American football) (born 1973), Mexican American football player
* Marco Martos Carrera, Peruvian poet
# New Diorama Theatre

The New Diorama Theatre is an eighty-seat theatre near Regent's Park in the London Borough of Camden, opened in 2010. The theatre received two Peter Brook awards during the first two years of its programming. The current Artistic Director is Bec Martin. The former artistic director is the playwright David Byrne.

## History

New Diorama Theatre opened in 2010 in the new British Land development of Regents Place as part of a Section 106 Agreement. As such, it has a responsibility to serve local workers and residents.

## Awards

New Diorama Theatre received two consecutive Peter Brook awards for the first two years of its programming. In 2014 its Artistic Director, David Byrne, won Best Artistic Director at the OffWestEnd Awards.
# Yendluru

Yendluru is located in the Santhanuthala padu Mandal of Prakasam District in Andhra Pradesh, India.
# Niehl, Cologne

Niehl is a Stadtteil (quarter) of the city of Cologne, Germany. Situated north of the city centre, on the left bank of the Rhine, it is part of the district of Nippes.
The largest employer in Cologne is Ford Europe, which has its European headquarters and the factory Cologne Body & Assembly in Niehl (Ford-Werke GmbH)
# Thomas Desmond Williams

Thomas Desmond Williams (26 May 1921 – 18 January 1987) was an Irish academic and Professor of Modern History at University College Dublin (UCD) from 1949 to 1983 and joint editor of Irish Historical Studies from 1938 till 1973. Although Williams published little he has had "considerable" influence on Irish historiography. He worked as a British intelligence operative during the Second World War.

## Biography

His parents were UCD Professor of Education W.J. Williams and Angela Williams (née Murnaghan). His maternal grandfather was George Murnaghan. He attended a primary school run by Dominican nuns and was taught by his father for his secondary education.
At UCD he won scholarships, and in 1942 was awarded the John Brooke memorial scholarship, after which he joined the legal profession. He worked for the British Foreign Office and was a member of British Intelligence during the Second World War. His MA was titled "The Genesis of National Socialism" and was supervised by John M. O'Sullivan.
In 1944 he became a research student at Peterhouse, Cambridge, and following his failure to be awarded a fellowship there returned to Ireland, where he was appointed Professor of Modern History at UCD in 1949. In 1953, in a series of articles in the Leader and Irish Press, he accused the war-time Irish Minister to Spain, Leopold Kerney, of having been a Nazi collaborator. Kerney sued him and the two publications for libel. Despite Williams having been supplied with captured German documents by the British Foreign Office to boost his case and Kerney being refused the right to present Irish Ministry documents in support of his action, Kerney won the case, which was settled out of court.

## Works
### Books

* Secret Societies in Ireland (1973)

### Articles

* Williams, T. Desmond (1956). "Adolf Hitler and the Historians". University Review. 1 (9): 37–51. JSTOR 25504397.
* Williams, T. Desmond (1956). "Negotiations Leading to the Anglo-Polish Agreement of 31 March 1939". Irish Historical Studies. 10 (37): 59–93. doi:10.1017/S0021121400016151. JSTOR 30004759. S2CID 222505506.
# Isobel Colt

Isobel Colt was the nurse of Robert Stuart, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne, a son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark.
She may have been a daughter of an Edinburgh lawyer Oliver Colt and his wife Isobel Henryson, who was a daughter of Edinburgh merchant Thomas Henryson.
Isobel Colt was the wife of Patrick Smith, an Edinburgh lawyer and writer to the signet. Women in early modern Scotland did not change their surnames on marriage.
For the baptism of Duke Robert at Dunfermline Abbey on 2 May 1601, Isobel Colt was given new clothes including, taffeta from Tours for her gown, black velvet for a skirt and to border the gown, and black velvet for a "mutch" to wear on her head.
She was dismissed shortly before the death of Duke Robert, as it was thought a change of nurse would improve his health. Isobel was given £200 Scots as a reward for her service by the English courtier Roger Aston on 25 May 1602. The payment was witnessed by John Buchanan, who later married Margaret Hartsyde, a servant of Anne of Denmark.
# Lokaneethi

Lokaneethi is a 1952 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by R. Velappan Nair and produced by Swami Narayanan. The film stars Sathyan and B. S. Saroja. The film had musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.

## Cast

* Sathyan
* Pankajavalli
* S. P. Pillai
* B. S. Saroja
* Aranmula Ponnamma
* K. K. Subramaniam
* Kumari Rajam
* Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair
* Nanukkuttan
* Rajasekharan
* Muthukulam Raghavan Pilla
* Kalaikkal Kumaran
* Kumari Thankam
* P. O. Pappankutty Ashan
* Soman
* Jagathy N. K. Achari
* Kanisukumaran
* Madhuri (old)
* Sivarama Pillai
* T. S. Muthaiah
* Mohan (Old)
* Prabha Kumari
* Sreekumari
* K. Ramabhadran Nair
# Sunjeev Sahota

Sunjeev Sahota FRSL (born 1981) is a British novelist whose first novel, Ours are the Streets, was published in January 2011 and whose second novel, The Year of the Runaways, was shortlisted for the 2015 Man Booker Prize and was awarded a European Union Prize for Literature in 2017.

## Background

Sahota was born in 1981 in Derby, and his family moved to Chesterfield when he was seven years old. His paternal grandparents had emigrated to Britain from Punjab, India, in 1966. After finishing school, Sahota studied mathematics at Imperial College London. As of January 2011, he was working in marketing for the insurance company Aviva.
Sahota had not read a novel until he was 18 years old, when he read Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children while visiting relatives in India before starting university. He bought the book in the airport before flying to India. While he had studied English literature at GCSE level, the course did not require students to read a novel:
   We had to do a Shakespeare, and we did Macbeth. We had to do a pre 20th-century text, and we did a play, She Stoops to Conquer. We had to do poetry and we did Yevgeny Yevtushenko. But no novels.
After Midnight's Children, Sahota went on to read The God of Small Things, A Suitable Boy and The Remains of the Day. In an interview in January 2011, he stated:
   It was like I was making up for lost time – not that I had to catch up, but it was as though I couldn't quite believe this world of storytelling I had found and I wanted to get as much of it down me as I possibly could.
In 2013 he was included in a Granta list of 20 best young writers, released 20 years after the magazine first published such a list.
In June 2018 Sahota was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in its "40 Under 40" initiative.
In 2019, Sahota started teaching creative writing to undergraduates at Durham University, where he is Assistant Professor.

## Works

Sahota's first novel, Ours are the Streets, was published in January 2011 by Picador. He wrote the book in the evenings and at weekends because of his day job. The novel tells the story of a British Pakistani youth who becomes a suicide bomber. Sahota was prompted to start writing the book by the 7 July 2005 London bombings. According to the Sheffield Telegraph, the book is "being mentioned in literary supplements as one of the novels to look out for in 2011". Ours are the Streets has been reviewed in a number of national newspapers, including The Times, The Guardian, The Independent and The Sunday Times.
His second novel, The Year of the Runaways, about the experience of illegal immigrants in Britain, was published in June 2015 and was shortlisted for the 2015 Man Booker Prize.
China Room was published in 2021. It interweaves the stories of a child bride living in a village in 1920s Punjab and her British-born and raised great-grandson, who returns to the village in 1999. The novel was longlisted for the 2021 Booker Prize.
# Marcel Mérignargues

Marcel Mérignargues (17 March 1884 – 14 September 1965) was a French sculptor. His work was part of the art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics and the 1932 Summer Olympics.
# New York Times College Scholarship Program

The New York Times College Scholarship Program is an academic scholarship competition for New York City high school seniors. Past winners have demonstrated academic achievement, a drive for success — especially in the face of financial and other obstacles — and community service. Furthermore, candidates whose parents did not attend college are favored. Between 1999 and 2008, 20 scholars were announced per year. In 2009, the New York Times selected only 12 winners due to financial hardships. In 2010, that number was halved to six. In 2014, 10 scholars were selected. There are a total of 253 Scholars to date.

## Program entry requirements

To enter the competition, a student must
* be enrolled full-time at a New York City public, private or parochial high school, progressing normally toward completion of high school and planning to enroll full-time in college in the fall following the completion of high school
* be an American citizen or have a valid green card and alien registration number

## Steps in the competition
### Initial application

Each year the New York Times receives roughly 1500 applications from seniors residing in New York City. The initial application includes an essay, a list of achievements and accomplishments, and the actual application which contains biographical and academic information. Applications are generally due mid-October.

### Semifinals

A total of 150 semifinalists are chosen from the original application pool. These semifinalists must complete an extensive follow-up application, due early January, which consists of:
* Additional three essays
* Two letters of recommendation
* Official high school transcript and SAT scores
* Family's financial information

### Finals

Approximately 35 finalists are selected in February who are called in for a personal interview with the New York Times. Finalists must also submit an updated transcript with the senior year Fall semester grades.

### The New York Times Scholars

By March, 10 Times Scholars are selected. The New York Times Scholars receive:
* UP TO $15,500 scholarship for each of the four years in college
* Laptop computer
* Summer jobs and internships at The New York Times and other organizations
* Advice and mentoring before and during college
# Yemeni Football Records

Records and statistics of football in Yemen.

## Most Successful Teams
### Successful Teams

| Team | Total Number of Trophies | Yemeni League | President Cup | Super Cup | Unity Cup | Naseem Cup | September 26 Cup | Amana Cup | Ali Muhsin Cup | Esteghlal Cup | North Yemen Cup | South Yemen Cup |
| Al-Ahli (San'a') | 22 | 10 (1981, 1983, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1994, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007) | 3 (2001, 2004, 2009) | 3 (2007, 2008, 2009) | 1 (2004) | | | | | 1 (2006) | 4 (1980, 1982, 1983, 1984) | |
| Al-Wahda (San'a') | 7 | 5 (1979, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002) | | | 1 (1998) | | | | | | 1 (1978) | |
| Al-Tilal | 7 | 2 (1991, 2005) | 1 (2007) | | 1 (1999) | 2 (2000, 2003) | | | 1 (2003) | | | |
| Al Sha'ab Ibb | 7 | 2 (2003, 2004) | 2 (2002, 2003) | | | | 1 (2002) | | | 1 (2008) | 1 (1981) | |
| Al-Hilal Al-Sahili | 5 | 2 (2008, 2009) | 2 (2005, 2008) | | | | 1 (2003) | | | | | |
| Al-Saqr | 3 | 2 (2006, 2010) | | | 1 (2008) | | | | | | | |
| Al-Sha'ab Hadramaut | 3 | | 2 (2000, 2006) | | 1 (2009) | | | | | | | |
| Al Yarmouk (San'a') | 2 | 2 (1989, 1990) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Al-Oruba | 2 | 1 (2011) | | 1 (2011) | | | | | | | | |
| Al Zuhra San'a' | 2 | 1 (1980) | | | | | | | | | 1 (1979) | |
| May 22 (Sana'a) | 2 | | | | 1 (2007) | | | 1 (2007) | | | | |
| Al Shorta (San'a') | 1 | 1 (1986) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Al-Shorta (Aden) | 1 | 1 (1984) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Al Sha'ab San'a' | 1 | 1 (1982) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Al-Ahli (Hudaida) | 1 | | 1 (1996) | | | | | | | | | |
| Al-Ittihad (Ibb) | 1 | | 1 (1998) | | | | | | | | | |
| Mueen | 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 (2007) | | |
| Al-Wahda (Aden) | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 (1984) |
* This article related to sport in Yemen is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Niger North senatorial district

Niger North senatorial district is known As Zone c within Niger State. The headquarters (or collation centre) for Niger North senatorial district is Kontagora. Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi of the All Progressives Congress is the current representative of Niger North in the Senate. Niger North senatorial district conceals 8 local government areas which includes:
* Agwara Local Government Area
* Borgu Local Government Area
* Kontagora Local Government Area
* Magama Local Government Area
* Mariga Local Government Area
* Mashegu Local Government Area
* Rijau Local Government Area
* Wushishi Local Government Area

## List of senators representing Niger North

| Senator | Party | Year | Assembly |
| Nuhu Aliyu Labbo | PDP | 1999 - 2011 | 4th 5th 6th |
| Ibrahim Musa | CPC | 2011 - 2015 | 7th |
| Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi | APC | 2015 - present | 8th 9th |
# Rocky Mountains subalpine zone

The Rocky Mountains subalpine zone is the biotic zone immediately below tree line in the Rocky Mountains of North America. In northern New Mexico, the subalpine zone occupies elevations approximately from 9,000 to 12,000 feet (2,700 to 3,700 m); while in northern Alberta, the subalpine zone extends from 1,350 to 2,300 metres (4,400 to 7,500 ft).

## Climate

The climate of the Rocky Mountains subalpine zone is never warm, with summer highs reaching 75 °F (24 °C) on only the warmest days near the montane zone, and commonly failing to reach 60 °F (16 °C) near tree line; Frost may occur any day of the year. Although winter low temperatures may be warmer than those in nearby lower valleys, typically staying above −10 °F (−23 °C), prodigious snows blanket the region well into spring. Some drifts may linger into summer. Convectional precipitation, typically thunderstorms, often forms rapidly and frequently includes graupel or hail. Although uncommon, hurricane-force winds may develop and cause massive destruction such as the Routt Divide Blowdown.

## Flora and fauna

In the North American Rocky Mountains, the region is characterized by a concentration of subalpine fir and Engelmann spruce and generally the exclusion of trees found more commonly at lower elevations such as aspen, ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine. In other areas, Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir mix with or give way to various pines, such as limber pine, whitebark pine and bristlecone pine, other firs such as Douglas-fir and silver fir, and various junipers and other hardy species. Previously burned areas may contain varying amounts, or even almost pure stands, of lodgepole pine. Ground cover in a previously burned forest area often includes two species of huckleberry.
On exposed, dry slopes at high elevations, subalpine white pine forests replace spruce-fir forests. Common species of the white pine forests include whitebark pine in the northern Rocky Mountains, limber pine in the central and north-central Rocky Mountains, and bristlecone pine in the southern Rocky Mountains. Typical intervals between fires range from 50 to 300 years. White pines are tolerant of extreme environmental conditions and can be important postfire successional species. In high, windblown areas, trees often grow into grotesque shapes.
The whitebark pine is a keystone species in upper subalpine forests of the northern Rocky Mountains. However, the whitebark pine has been in decline due to White Pine Blister Rust: whitebark pine mortality in some areas exceeds 90%. Entire forest vistas, like that at Avalanche Ridge near Yellowstone National Park's east gate, are expanses of dead, gray whitebarks.
Due to harsh winters and a relative dearth of food sources, the subalpine harbors limited native animal species. While bears and the cougar visit the subalpine, lynx, the snowshoe hare, the American marten and various squirrels are among the few important native mammals. A few birds, such as the mountain chickadee and Steller's jay are commonly seen and heard in Rocky Mountain subalpine regions, with others such as owls, nuthatches and certain finches less obvious.
# Said Sulaymanov

Said Sulaymanov (born 22 April 1998) is a Kazakhstani long-distance runner.
In 2019, he competed in the senior men's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Aarhus, Denmark. He finished in 129th place.
# Web Authentication Working Group

The Web Authentication Working Group, created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) on February 17, 2016, has for mission, in the Security Activity, to define a client-side API providing strong authentication functionality to Web Applications.
On 20 March 2018, the WebAuthn standard was published as a W3C Candidate Recommendation.
# Işıklı Dam

Işıklı Dam is a dam in Denizli Province, Turkey, built between 1950 and 1953. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works.
# Protopopescu

Protopopescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dana Protopopescu, Romanian pianist
* Dragoș Protopopescu (1892–1948), Romanian writer, poet, critic, and philosopher
* Ștefan Protopopescu (1886–1929), Romanian officer and aviation pioneer
# Margoth Escobar

Margoth Escobar is an Ecuadorian activist for environmental and indigenous rights.

## Personal life

Escobar is mestizo, and was born in Puyo, Pastaza.

## Activism

Escobar, an Amazonian woman, opposes extraction of natural resources in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
In 1975 Escobar helped create the Provincial Union of Peasant Organizations of Manabi (Unión Provincial de Organizaciones Campesinas de Manabí), which was significant in the recovering the rural lands of several families in Manabí Province.

## Judicial harassment

Escobar was accused of assaulting the director of Belorusneft, Andrey Nikonov, and was summoned by the prosecutor's office in 2014, accused of sabotage and terrorism.
On 13 August 2015, Escobar was beaten and arrested following a general strike and demonstration in Puyo, which had been organized by the union of trade workers and indigenous organizations including Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador – Conaie (Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador). The demonstrations called for agrarian reform, better access to health services, opposition to mining development, a free trade agreement with the European Union, and opposition to a proposed amendment of the Constitution of Ecuador that would have allowed President Rafael Correa to be re-elected indefinitely. A judge ruled that she should remain in preventative detention for 30 days, to stop her from disturbing the peace. In December 2015 the charges were dropped due to lack of evidence.

## Arson attack

Margoth's home was destroyed by arson on September 29, 2018. The house had been a meeting place for Mujeres Amazónicas, the Amazon Women's collective, of which she is a member. Also known as Colectivo de Mujeres Amazonicas, the largely indigenous group defends the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Other Mujeres Amazónicas members Nema Grefa, Patricia Gualinga, and Salomé Aranda, had also been attacked and threatened, and the group, in conjunction with Amnesty International, collected and delivered over 250,000 signatures to the Attorney General of Ecuador demanding progress in the stalled investigations. The signatures were delivered on 9 March 2015.
# New wave of new wave

The new wave of new wave (NWONW) was a term coined by music journalists to describe a subgenre of the British alternative rock scene in the early 1990s, in which bands displayed post-punk and new wave influences, particularly from bands such as the Clash, Blondie, Devo, Squeeze, XTC, Wire, and the Stranglers.

## History

The associated bands generally played guitar-based rock music often accompanied by keyboards. The movement was short-lived, and several of the bands involved were later linked with the more commercially successful Britpop, which it immediately preceded, and the NWONW was described by John Harris of The Guardian (one of the journalists who first coined the term) as "Britpop without the good bits". The NME played a major part in promoting and covering the genre, and promoted the "On" event, which featured many of the bands they had labelled NWONW.

## Notable examples

Record label Fierce Panda's first release, Shagging in the Streets, was a tribute to the scene, featuring S*M*A*S*H, Done Lying Down, These Animal Men, and others. Associated bands have included Elastica, S*M*A*S*H, Menswear, Sleeper, Echobelly, Shed Seven, These Animal Men, and Compulsion.

## Legacy

Robert Christgau identified the mid-1990s NWONW movement as the peak of a new wave revival that has continued on and off since, stating in 1996, "1994 was the top of a curve we can't be certain we've reached the bottom of".