OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Torchitorio V of Cagliari

Torchitorio V (died 1256), born John and known as Chiano or Chianni, was the Giudice (Judge) of Cagliari from 1250 to his death. His reign was brief but transformative in the history of Sardinia.
He may have been the son of his predecessor William II. All that is certain about his family is that he was himself a Massa and that his mother was a Serra. His birthplace and date are unknown and he had no wife or children. The date of his succession is also presumptive, as there is a silence in the sources between the last mention of William II and the first of Torchitorio V.
When he first appeared as Judge in 1254, he was ruling in name only; the real power in Cagliari was in the hands of the families of the Gherardeschi, Visconti, and Capraia. Chiano did homage to the Republic of Pisa for Cagliari. In 1254, he took over the palace in Cagliari, though probably not by force. On 23 September, he drew up a will, declaring his heirs to be his cousins William III and Rinaldo Cepolla.
Frustrated by the increasing interference of Pisa in his giudicato, Chiano cautiously turned to the Republic of Genoa for allies. In February 1256, he sent two envoys (procuratores) to Genoa to sign a pact on 20 April. On 25 May, Chiano affirmed it in the cathedral chapel of his castle in the presence of Malocello and Percivalle Doria. By the terms of the treaty, both allies owed the other military assistance in all their wars. Chiano became a Genoese citizen and rendered homage to the two representatives of the Republic. Cagliari granted Genoa the tax-free export of salt. All Cagliaritan castles were to be shared between the alliance, but in reality Genoa controlled them. Chiano was left with only a house in Cagliari, but he was offered a palace in Genoa and the hand in marriage of daughter of Malocello's family, which he was constrained by the treaty to accept. Meanwhile, Ogerio Scoto and Giovanni Pontano were sent to Cagliari as podestà and castellan respectively. Chiano then expelled the Pisans from the Castel di Castro and granted it to the Genoese.
Following this, the filopisani judges of Gallura and Arborea, John Visconti and William of Capraia, invaded Cagliari and besieged the eponymous chief city. Gherardo and Ugolino della Gherardesca brought eight ships to the siege on behalf of Pisa. Chiano, then in Genoa, left that city with twenty four galleys and followed the Tuscan coast, capturing some Pisan vessels along the way. He arrived at Cagliari too late, was defeated and captured. He was quickly assassinated by a Pisan at Santa Igia later that year. The battle and his death occurred sometime between 17 July and 15 October.
He was succeeded on the throne by his cousin William III, in accordance with his will of 1254. There is a street named Via Giudice Chiano in Cagliari today.
# Kumyk

Kumyk may refer to:
* Kumyks
* Kumyk language
# Gareth Coppack

Gareth Coppack (born 10 April 1980 in Rhyl) is a Welsh former professional snooker player.
He competed on the main tour for one season, between 2007 and 2008, but lost his place at the end of that season.

## Career

Coppack first played competitive snooker in 2001, entering several Challenge Tour events and qualifying for the 2002 World Championship. He continued to play on both the Challenge Tour and the Pontin's International Open Series, which replaced it, until he earned a place on the professional main tour in 2007.
Coppack's first match as a professional was a 5–3 victory over James McBain in the Shanghai Masters, but he lost 1–5 in the next round to Judd Trump. In his qualifying group for the 2007 Grand Prix, he lost 0–4 to James Wattana, Tom Ford, McBain and Andrew Higginson and 1–4 to Jimmy Michie, but managed 4–1 wins over Tony Drago and Michael White; he did not qualify for the tournament itself.
At the 2008 World Championship, Coppack defeated Kurt Maflin 10–9 and Paul Davies 10–8 to record his first run to the last 64 at a ranking event. He was drawn against 1991 World Champion John Parrott and, after falling 0–8 behind, could not recover, losing 3–10.
Coppack was ranked 83rd at the end of the season, which was not sufficient for him to retain his place on the tour, and he was relegated immediately thereafter.
# Smoke Rings in the Dark

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Entertainment Weekly | A− |
Smoke Rings in the Dark is the third studio album by American country music singer Gary Allan. It was released on October 26, 1999, as his first album for MCA Records Nashville after leaving Decca Records Nashville. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA, and it produced three singles: the title track, "Lovin' You Against My Will", and "Right Where I Need to Be", which respectively reached number 12, number 34 and number 5 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. "Right Where I Need to Be" was also Allan's first Top 5 country hit and his third Top 10.
"Don't Tell Mama" was previously recorded by Ty Herndon on his 1996 album Living in a Moment, and later by Doug Stone on his 2007 album My Turn, and by Frankie Ballard on his 2014 album Sunshine & Whiskey under the title "Don't Tell Mama I Was Drinking". In addition, "Runaway" is a cover of a Del Shannon song. Allan's rendition also charted at number 74 on the country charts in 2000 based on unsolicited airplay.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum |

## Personnel

* Gary Allan – lead vocals
* Lisa Cochran – background vocals
* David Campbell – string arranger, conductor
* Christy Cornelius – background vocals
* Chad Cromwell – drums
* Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar, acoustic guitar
* Steve Gibson – electric guitar
* Randy Hardison – background vocals
* Jake Kelly – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* Brice Long – background vocals
* Marilyn Martin – background vocals
* The Nashville String Machine – strings
* Steve Nathan – piano, keyboards
* Michael Rhodes – bass guitar
* Brent Rowan – electric guitar
* John Wesley Ryles – background vocals
* Lisa Silver – background vocals
* Hank Singer – fiddle
* Harry Stinson – background vocals
* Wynn Varble – background vocals
* Bergen White – background vocals
* John Willis – acoustic guitar
* Curtis Young – background vocals
# Tricholoma viridilutescens

Tricholoma viridilutescens is a species of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae.
It is native to Europe.
# List of ambassadors of Israel to Lesotho

The Ambassador from Israel to Lesotho is Israel's foremost diplomatic representative in Lesotho.

## List of ambassadors

* Lior Keinan (Non-Resident, Pretoria) 2017 -
* Arye Oded
* Emmanuel Ron (Non-Resident, Mbabane) 1979 - 1980
* Meir Gavish (Non-Resident, Mbabane) 1976 - 1979
* Charge d'Affaires a.i. Mordechai Palzur (Non-Resident, Pretoria)
* Arthur Lenk (Non-Resident) 2013 - 2017
# Medal for Bravery (1912)

Medal for Bravery (known as "Women's Medal") founded on 14 November 1912 by King Peter I, was granted to soldiers for acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield during the First Balkan War against the Ottoman Empire. The medal is awarded in two degrees (gold and silver). The gold medal was worn on a red ribbon, while the silver medal was worn on a tricolor ribbon (red-blue-white, of equal width).

## Design

Đorđe Jovanović designed the original medal, which was later redesigned. The reason for replacement was that the original's obverse side represented Serbia with an allegorical female figure, which some officers felt diminished the award. The new model was adopted on 12 July 1913. The new medal's obverse depicted a Serbian medieval knight Miloš Obilić. Today, the original "Women's medal" is in demand by collectors worldwide, because it is very rare and it had a specific destiny. The "Women's Medal" is now especially important in feminist organizations.
# Phyllophaga blanda

Phyllophaga blanda is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.
# Off the Main Sequence

Off the Main Sequence: The Other Science Fiction Stories of Robert A. Heinlein (ISBN 1-58288-184-7) is a collection of 27 short stories by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, including three that were never previously collected in book form.
The title is a play on the astronomy concept off the main sequence, and refers to these stories not being part of Heinlein's Future History.

## Table of contents

* "Introduction" by Greg Bear
* "Foreword" by Michael Cassutt
* "Editor's Note" by Andrew Wheeler
* "Successful Operation" (as "Heil") by Lyle Monroe, Futuria Fantasia, April 1940
* "Let There Be Light" by Lyle Monroe, Super Science Stories, May 1940
* ""—And He Built a Crooked House—"", Astounding Stories, February 1941
* "Beyond Doubt" by Lyle Monroe & Elma Wentz, Astonishing Stories, April 1941 (*)
* "They", Unknown, April 1941
* "Solution Unsatisfactory" by Anson MacDonald, Astounding, May 1941
* "Universe", Astounding, May 1941
* "Elsewhen" (as "Elsewhere") by Caleb Saunders, Astounding, September 1941
* "Common Sense", Astounding, October 1941
* "By His Bootstraps" by Anson MacDonald, Astounding, October 1941
* "Lost Legacy" (as "Lost Legion") by Lyle Monroe, Super Science Stories, November 1941
* "My Object All Sublime" by Lyle Monroe, Future Fiction, February 1942 (*)
* "Goldfish Bowl" by Anson MacDonald, Astounding, March 1942
* "Pied Piper" by Lyle Monroe, Astonishing Stories, March 1942 (*)
* "Free Men", The Worlds of Robert A. Heinlein, 1966
* "On the Slopes of Vesuvius", Expanded Universe, 1980
* "Columbus Was a Dope", Startling Stories, May 1947
* "Jerry Was a Man" (as "Jerry Is a Man"), Thrilling Wonder Stories, October 1947
* "Water Is for Washing", Argosy, November 1947
* "Nothing Ever Happens on the Moon", Boys' Life, April 1949
* "Gulf", Astounding, November 1949
* "Destination Moon", Short Stories, September 1950
* "The Year of the Jackpot", Galaxy Science Fiction, March 1952
* "Project Nightmare", Amazing Stories, April/May 1953
* "Sky Lift", Imagination, November 1953
* "Tenderfoot in Space", Boys' Life, May 1958
* "All You Zombies—", Fantasy & Science Fiction, March 1959
    (*) Previously uncollected in a Heinlein collection
# Tour First

Tour First (previously known as Tour UAP between 1974 and 1998, and as Tour Axa between 1998 and 2007) is an office skyscraper in Courbevoie, in La Défense, the business district of the Paris metropolitan area.
The tower was built in 1974 by Bouygues for the UAP insurance company. The building was 159 m (522 ft) at that time. Its ground shape was in the form of a three-pointed star whose branches were separated each by a 120° angle. This particular shape was chosen to symbolize the merger of the three French insurance companies that were at the origin of UAP. The tower was renamed Tour Axa when UAP was bought by the Axa insurance company in 1996.
Large-scale renovation of the tower began in 2007 and was completed in 2011. The exterior appearance of the building was completely changed, with extra height added to the tower. The renovated tower, now known as Tour First, is 225 m (738 ft) at roof height, and 231 m (758 ft) including its spire, with a total floor space of 86,707 m$^2$ (933,310 sq ft). It is currently the tallest skyscraper in France, only surpassed in height by the Eiffel Tower.
Another Axa tower exists in New York City, US, which is 228.6 m (751 ft) tall; Tour AXA in Montreal, Quebec, Canada was completed in 1974 and is 104 m (341 ft).
# WHPL

WHPL is a radio station licensed to West Lafayette, Indiana located at 89.9 MHz, channel 210, on the FM dial. WHPL broadcasts at an effective radiated power of 2,000 watts directional with a tower located off U.S. Route 231 in rural south-central Tippecanoe county. Studio and offices are located at WGNR's studios in Anderson, Indiana.

## History

WHPL signed on in early 1993 featuring religious and inspirational programming featuring Bible teachings and music. WHPL would become Lafayette's only FM religious station. Until this point, Lafayette listeners had to tune to the AM dial to get their inspirational fix from First Assembly of God's 1410 WCFY. WHPL would become the Lafayette area's only Christian radio station in 1998 when WCFY was sold to Artistic Media Partners and flipped to a secular news/talk format as WAZY.
Originally, the station was housed in West Lafayette just south of the Purdue University campus, but later moved to a business district on Lafayette's east side where it remained until Moody decided to network WHPL and sister station WIWC (in Kokomo) to their 50,000 watt Anderson station serving the Indianapolis metro, WGNR-FM 97.9.
Before WHPL was networked with WGNR, the station featured its own unique program schedule while occasionally simulcasting with WIWC, especially in the mornings. The rest of the day featured a blend of Bible teaching, talk, and inspirational music. In the late 1990s, the inspirational music was shelved in favor of Contemporary Christian music also known as CCM or Christian AC. The same format continues to this day only with a stronger emphasis on music.

## Simulcasters

* WGNR-FM 97.9 Anderson (serving Indianapolis)
* WFOF 90.3 Covington (serving Danville, IL and west-central Indiana)
* WIWC 91.7 Kokomo (serving north-central Indiana)
* WMBL 88.1 Mitchell (serving Bloomington and south-central Indiana)
# Sombra–Marine City (Bluewater) Ferry

The Sombra – Marine City (Bluewater) Ferry was a ferry service that crossed the St. Clair River, connecting Sombra, Ontario in Canada on the eastern bank with Marine City, Michigan in the United States on the western bank.
Vehicles accessed the ferry from Lambton County Road 33/St. Clair Parkway (a former alignment of Highway 40) in Sombra or from Highway M-29 in Marine City. In Sombra on the Ontario/Canadian side, the dock was on King Street. On the Michigan/American side, the dock was on South Water Street.
In July, 2013 the ferry was charging a toll of $7.00 (CAN or US) for an automobile. The first departure from Sombra was 6:40 AM, and from Marine City was 7:00 AM.

## Ferry vessels

The Bluewater Ferry operated two vessels, the Daldean of Chatham and the Ontamich. The Daldean of Chatham was larger and could carry 12 car-equivalents or two semi-trailer trucks, while the Ontamich, launched 1939, was capable of ferrying 9 car-equivalents or one semi-trailer truck.

## Closings

Occasionally during the winter months the ferry was temporarily unable to operate because of heavy ice buildup on one shore or the other.
On January 11, 2018, ice floe damage to the ferry's causeway caused the service to cease all operations. Repairs, estimated to cost four million dollars, were never completed due to cost.
A proposed sale of the business fell through in 2019 as the US government was unwilling to commit to reopening the border station at Marine City.
The two ferry boats were sold in July 2020. A $6 million lawsuit against the Canadian government, filed in April 2019, remained pending at that time.
# Toticoryx

Toticoryx is a spider genus of the jumping spider family, Salticidae. Its single described species, Toticoryx exilis is found in Guinea.

## Name

The describers state that the genus name is an arbitrary combination of letters. The specific name exilis is Latin for "slender", referring to the spider's body shape.

## Appearance

This spider is only 3 mm long and very flat. In general appearance it resembles Pseudicius. Only the female has been found.
# Tuareg in Niger

Tuareg in Niger are Niger citizens of Tuareg descent or persons of Tuareg descent residing in Niger. Ethnic Tuareg in Niger are believed to number of 1,620,000
# Megachile paraensis

Megachile paraensis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mocsáry in 1887.
# Phungyar

Phungyar (Meitei pronunciation: /phūng-yār/) is a small town located south of Kamjong in Kamjong district, Manipur state, India. It is also the name of a sub division of the district. The town is about 50 kilometers from Ukhrul and is partially connected by National Highway 150 that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami. The town is flanked by Khambi in the south, Loushing in the north and alang in the west. Locally, the inhabitants speak common tangkhul language and native village dialect which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

## Phungyar constituency

The village is also a sub-divisional headquarters in Kamjong District previously (Ukhrul district) and is only one Vidhan Sabha constituency in Kamjong District. Leishiyo Keishing is the sitting MLA elected from Phungyar constituency under Naga People Front (NPF). He succeeded Victor Keishing under Indian National Congress in 2017 Manipur state election. Rishang Keishing was the first elected MLA from the Constituency who was elected seven times and represent Indian National Congress.

## Total population

According to 2011 census, Phungyar has 204 households with the total of 953 people of which 476 are male and 477 are female. Of the total population, 146 were in the age group of 0–6 years. The average sex ratio of the village is 1002 female to 1000 male which is higher than the state average of 985. The literacy rate of the village stands at 85.35% which is higher than the state average 76.94%. Male literacy rate stands at 90.43% while female literacy rate was 86.34%.

## People and occupation

The village has gradually evolved into a township and is home to people of Tangkhul Naga tribe known as Kamo Tangkhul. The Phungyar Village Authority (VA) is a local body headed by Headman which look after the village administration and judicial activities. Minor crime such as theft, divorce and other disputes are settled by the VA. The VA in the hill areas is recognized by the State Government under the Manipur (Village Authority) Act, 1958. The inhabitants are Christians. Agriculture is the primary occupation of the inhabitants. The inhabitants practice Jhum cultivation. Carpentry, poultry, gardening and farming are largely practice at Phungyar HQ. There are also deposits of chromite and other natural resources nearby. The village is the centre for commercial and other related activities in the area. People from the area come to the village to sell vegetables, local bread (khamui), and other produces in Phungyar market. It also serves as educational hub in the area with Phungyar Hr. Sec. School, Adventist School and Rising Model English School in the town. There is various denomination of Christian faith. It also the centre of transportation. There are daily bus and taxis services from Phungyar to Ukhrul and Imphal. Transportation had been properly functional since 1970s. It is the second oldest block established in 1959 next to Ukhrul. The village was in the news when many villages in the sub-division were cut off from the rest of the district because of unmaintained road, incessant rain and landslides.
# Okuniikappu Dam

Okuniikappu Dam (Japanese: 奥新冠ダム) is an arch dam located in Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for power production. The catchment area of the dam is 179.1 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 33 ha of land when full and can store 6665 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1958 and completed in 1963.
# Toronto Food Policy Council

The Toronto Food Policy Council (TFPC) is a citizen body of food activists and experts responsible for generating food policy for the City of Toronto government.
Formed in 1991, the 30-member TFPC supports scores of programs with the shared goal of ensuring equitable access to food, nutrition, community development and environmental health, acting as professional lobbyist for the people on food and related issues.
The TFPC is free to make its own decisions on food policy issues. Staff working with the TFPC are employed by, and responsible to, The Toronto Department of Public Health. This arrangement has gained interest from public health, community, food security and sustainable agriculture organizations around the world. The TFPC is under the leadership of Lauren Baker. Previous TFPC staff include Rod MacRae, Wayne Roberts and Yusuf Alam. In April, 2009, the TFPC received the Bob Hunter Environmental Achievement Award, given to a City of Toronto agency with a record of outstanding leadership, for its efforts to make food an action item on the environmental agenda. The TFPC also won an honorary mention for a major award from the Community Food Security Coalition for its work promoting food sovereignty in October, 2009.
Working to ensure all significant decisions and expenditures are viewed through a “food lens,” the Council, under the leadership of Co-chair Janice Etter, succeeded in having food issues highlighted in the city of Toronto's official plan, adopted by city council in 2002 and updated in 2007.
Some of the Council’s work has included:
* Helping community organisations obtain $3.5 million for projects increasing access to affordable nourishing food in the early 1990s.
* Successfully lobbying the federal government to refuse to license Bovine Growth Hormone, a biotechnology product, for use in Canadian dairy operations.
* Working with the Student Nutrition Coalition to expand school food programs in Toronto from 53 to 350.
* Founding the Rooftop Garden Resource Group to research and promote a green roof industry in Canada.
* Producing a ground-breaking series of discussion papers on a food systems approach to public health policy, and giving hundreds of presentations to university classes, and environmental and community groups.
* Championing the Toronto Food Charter, a declaration of citizen rights and government responsibilities that sets the food security standard for municipalities.
* Publishing two email services on food system issues, one dealing with local food and one with global.
# Krivoye Lake

Krivoye Ozero is a small oxbow lake in the Chelyabinsk Oblast of Russia, southeast of Magnitogorsk, near the Kazakhstani border. Its name is translated from the Russian as "Crooked Lake", reflecting its type.
The lake is primarily known for the Sintashta-Petrovka burials, dotted over the area of some 10 km$^2$. Particularly notable is one of the earliest chariot burials in the world, dated to ca. 2000 BC.
The chariot grave contained a horse skull, three pots, two bridle cheek pieces, and points of spears and arrows. The bones were dated to an average of 2026 BC.
# Rohan Robinson

Rohan Stuart Robinson (born 15 November 1971 in Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian retired hurdler.
His personal best time was 48.28 seconds, achieved in the 2nd semi-final at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. This is the current Oceanian record.
Currently the proud owner of his own company Silk Road Projects

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Australia ||||||
| 1990 | Commonwealth Games | Auckland, New Zealand | 10th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 51.05 |
| 1990 | World Junior Championships | Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 1st | 400m hurdles | 49.73 |
| 1990 | World Junior Championships | Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:05.51 |
| 1991 | World Indoor Championships | Seville, Spain | 4th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:08.49 |
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | 10th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:02.42 |
| 1993 | Universiade | Buffalo, United States | 6th | 400 m hurdles | 50.38 |
| 1993 | Universiade | Buffalo, United States | 4th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:06.24 |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 14th (sf) | 400 m hurdles | 49.36 |
| 1994 | Commonwealth Games | Victoria, Canada | 5th | 400 m hurdles | 49.76 |
| 1994 | World Cup | London, United Kingdom | 7th | 400 m hurdles | 51.12 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 20th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 49.63 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 13th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:03.07 |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 5th | 400 m hurdles | 48.30 |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 44th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 51.67 |
| 1997 | Universiade | Catania, Italy | 8th | 400 m hurdles | 52.89 |
| 1998 | Goodwill Games | Uniondale, United States | 6th | 400 m hurdles | 48.81 |
| 1998 | Commonwealth Games | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 2nd | 400 m hurdles | 48.99 |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 34th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 50.80 |