OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kiwijet

Kiwijet was a proposed and ultimately failed low-cost airline planned for New Zealand. It intended to be "New Zealand’s first all-jet regional airline," serving seven cities with Avro RJ-100s.

## History

The proposed airline, announced in May 2007, had plans to launch in November 2008.
Kiwijet's stated plans changed considerably after its initial announcement. It initially planned to operate two or more Boeing 737 aircraft on routes from Auckland to Christchurch, Dunedin and Invercargill at fares as low as $150. The airline has been accused of using information leaked by Air New Zealand employees to gain a business advantage. The company's launch was delayed by its bid to buy Jetconnect, the local subsidiary of Qantas.
In June 2007, Kiwijet issued a press release stating the deal had fallen through. Kiwijet stated that it would proceed with "plan B", which would see Embraer ERJ 145 aircraft operating between nine cities, providing a feeder service to foreign airlines without a New Zealand partner. More details of this plan were released in July, when Kiwijet announced the choice of Christchurch as a hub city, confirmed its plan to use of Embraer ERJ 145 aircraft, and changed one planned destination. In August, Kiwijet said that it was about to begin hiring chief operational staff, and that it was aiming to have seven aircraft at time of launch. In September however, a further press release announced that due to difficulties sourcing, certifying, and maintaining its desired ERJ 145 variant in New Zealand, the airline would instead aim to launch with four Avro RJ-100 aircraft, serving seven cities.
In December 2007, Kiwijet said it would open an office in February 2008 and was looking to commence flights by the end of 2008. In February 2008 the company announced it would not begin operations until February 2009. It said it was negotiating with another airline to provide "feeder traffic." Soaring aviation fuel prices during 2008 saw a decision to delay launching services until March 2009, and then indefinitely when the original backers pulled out after the severe credit crisis hit in late 2008. In October 2008 directors had resurrected the airline—following stronger backing—as a small two-aircraft (BAe 146QT type) freight airline to begin running early in 2009 as a prelude to opening passenger services later that year, citing the sudden plunge in jet fuel prices and a stronger US dollar to NZ dollar rising well above projections forecast in early 2008. Freight flights would serve as route surveys. However the global economic meltdown at the start of 2009 buried any start date and nothing has been heard from this airline since, its directors returning to the US.

## Footnote

The Kiwijet Airline Company finally ceased its plans after a joint venture with Paul Stoddert's Ozjet fell through, and Ozjet withdrew plans to launch services from Palmerston North in October 2008. By that time the global economic collapse was in full gear with no real hope of securing financing.
# Tommy Ford (Canadian football)

Thomas Edward Ford (c. 1927 – September 14, 1992) was a Canadian football player who played for the Toronto Argonauts, Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Saskatchewan Roughriders.
# Tjeggelvas

Tjeggelvas is a lake in northern Sweden. It is located in Arjeplog Municipality in the province of Swedish Lapland, and administratively of Norrbotten County and is part of the Pite River catchment area. Tjeggelvashas is on the western edge of the Scandinavian Mountains, with a high surface elevation of 450 m (1,480 ft). The nearest settlements, Jäkkvik and Arjeplog, are to the south, along the shores of the larger lake Hornavan.
The lake and surrounding area are within the nature reserve Tjeggelvas, formed in 1988, which covers 328 km$^2$ (127 sq mi). Forests of old-growth pine take up a large amount of the protected area, but there are areas of spruce too, especially in the east.

## Geography

Tjeggelvas has a surface area of 66.8 km$^2$ (25.8 sq mi) and a shore length of 106 km (66 mi).

### Climate

Tjeggelvas has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc).
Climate data for Stenudden 1991-2020 normals (453m) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −13.1 (8.4) | −12.5 (9.5) | −7.8 (18.0) | −1.5 (29.3) | 4.1 (39.4) | 9.8 (49.6) | 13.1 (55.6) | 11.2 (52.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | −0.3 (31.5) | −6.9 (19.6) | −10.6 (12.9) | −0.7 (30.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 44.7 (1.76) | 35.6 (1.40) | 32.1 (1.26) | 27.7 (1.09) | 37.0 (1.46) | 61.8 (2.43) | 86.1 (3.39) | 72.4 (2.85) | 52.5 (2.07) | 46.1 (1.81) | 49.3 (1.94) | 48.1 (1.89) | 593.4 (23.35) |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
# Stiftung Braunschweigischer Kulturbesitz

The Stiftung Braunschweigischer Kulturbesitz (SBK) was established by Gesetz über die Stiftung Braunschweigischer Kulturbesitz of 16 December 2004 with effect from 1 January 2005 as a Stiftung öffentlichen Rechts with its seat in Braunschweig.

## History of origins

Following the dissolution of the Braunschweig (region) on 31 December 2004, which until that date had held the assets of the "Braunschweig United Monastery and Study Fund" (founded in 1569) and the Braunschweig Foundation (founded in 1934), the need arose to create an institution that would be responsible for the continuity of cultural and historical identity of the Freistaat Braunschweig [de]. This happened with the founding of the SBK, under whose umbrella the other two foundations were united.

## Purpose of the foundation

The primary purpose of the foundation is the promotion and preservation of cultural and historical traditions of the Brunswick Land and the former Brunswick Land. In addition to church, cultural and social projects, the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, the Staatstheater Braunschweig and the Technische Universität Braunschweig are also supported from the foundation's assets. The SBK is responsible for organising regional cultural promotion for the State of Lower Saxony.

## Foundation assets

The foundation's assets amount to over 275 million euros and consist largely of real estates and financial deposits. The properties include, among others, cultural assets such as the Kaiserdom in Königslutter, a large number of monasteries and churches, more than 20 foundation and monastery estates with about 7,500 hectares of arable land as well as 5,500 hectares of forestry land and more than 3,000 hereditary building rights. Projects are supported from the annual income of about two million euros.
The City of Braunschweig plans to transfer part of the municipal real estate and land portfolio in Riddagshausen [de] to the SBK. Dazu gehören along others die Kloster Riddagshausen, die Gaststätte Riddagshausen [de] as well as the former Reichsjägerhof „Hermann Göring“ [de]. The SBK will lease part of this land to the Evangelische Stiftung Neuerkerode [de].

## Critic

In June 2017, the Niedersächsischer Landesrechnungshof [de] criticised in its annual report "inappropriately high expenses" of the Foundation, its president and its Director in their representation and entertainment costs, business trips to other European countries as well as inappropriately large official cars. Expenditure on administration rose from €150,000 per year to €930,000 within ten years.
# Pakistan at the 2008 Summer Paralympics

Pakistan sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. Haider Ali created history by winning a silver medal, the country's first at any Paralympics. The delegation was also rocked by a doping scandal, when its powerlifter, Naveed Ahmed Butt was banned for testing positive, the first athlete at the games.

## Medallists

The country won one medal, a silver.
| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Silver | Haider Ali | Athletics | Men's Long Jump F37/38 |

## Sports
### Athletics
#### Men's track

| Athlete | Class | Event | Heats | Heats | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Class | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Haider Ali | T38 | 100m | — | — | 11.98 | 9 |
| Haider Ali | T38 | 200m | 24.84 | 9 | did not advance | did not advance |

#### Men's field

| Athlete | Class | Event | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Class | Event | Result | Points | Rank |
| Haider Ali | F37-38 | Long jump | 6.44 =WR | 1104 | |
| Haider Ali | F37-38 | Discus throw | 43.95 | 986 | 4 |

#### Women's field

| Athlete | Class | Event | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Class | Event | Result | Points | Rank |
| Nadia Hafeez | F13 | Long jump | 3.33 | - | 14 |

### Powerlifting

| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| Nasir Butt | 60kg | 125.0 | 12 |
# Jim Bacon Foundation

The Jim Bacon Foundation is a philanthropic organisation based in Tasmania, Australia. It provides practical support and financial assistance to cancer patients and organisations that support them during their treatment. It also offers three scholarships through the University of Tasmania which are granted to students studying fine arts, political science or the care and treatment of cancer.
The foundation is named after Jim Bacon, who spent 25 years working in the union movement, was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly and became Premier of Tasmania, a position he held from 1998 until his resignation in March 2004.
The Jim Bacon Foundation was formed by passage of the Jim Bacon Foundation Act 2004 through the Tasmanian Parliament. Bacon was diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer while still serving as Premier of Tasmania, and died in June 2004, six months before the legislation received Royal Assent.
The Foundation was absorbed into the Ricky Ponting Foundation in May 2013. The State Government will continue to fund the $30,000 Jim Bacon Memorial Scholarship at the University of Tasmania.

## Scholarship recipients

| Year | Name | Area of study |
| 2008 | Dominique Higgins | cancer care and treatment |
| 2008 | Chavelli Sulikowski | political science |
| 2008 | Emma Tidey | political science |
| 2008 | Scott Cotterel | visual arts |
| 2012 | Nick Sageman | political science |
| 2016 | Emma Richardson | cancer care and treatment |
| 2018 | Laura Gillam | visual arts |
# Thomas Rodger

Thomas Rodger (18 April 1832 – 6 January 1883) was an early Scottish photographer. He studied at the University of St Andrews and was a protégé of Dr. John Adamson who also persuaded him to become a photographer. At age 14, he was apprenticed to Dr. James, a local chemist and druggist, whilst studying at Madras College. Adamson later taught him the calotype process which he had earlier taught his famous brother, Robert Adamson. Adamson persuaded him to assist Lord Kinnaird in his calotype studio at Rossie Priory. Rodger enrolled at the Andersonian College of Glasgow to study medicine, but Adamson persuaded him to set up a professional business in calotyping in St Andrews.
In 1853, he was awarded the Aberdeen Mechanics' Institution Medal. In 1855, Rodger was awarded the Silver Medal of the Society of the Arts for his paper on Collodion Calotype. He won the Edinburgh Photographic Society Medal in 1856 and the International Photographic Exhibition Medal in 1877. When the Photographic Society of Scotland was established in 1856, Rodger was one of its original members.
Rodger's photographs can mainly be found in the St Andrews University Library and museum. He was also the author of the best known portrait of his master John Adamson in around 1865. Rodger himself was a protégé of Ivan Szabo (1822–1858) in the 1850s, who later opened his own studio in Edinburgh. Rodger was known to attend the Congregational Church at St Andrews, along with James Valentine, whom he probably photographed in around 1850.
There is a blue plaque in his honour in St Andrews outside his house and studio (now the University Careers Centre). It says "The first professional photographer in St. Andrews, he was taught the calotype process by Dr John Adamson, who induced him to make it his life's work. His pictorial record of the town, its people, the fisher folk and eminent visitors, brought him great fame. His favour with visiting royalty gave him journeys to London on Royal Photographic missions. He built this house and in it the first photographic studio in the town. Brewster, the Adamsons and Rodger made St. Andrews a world centre of photography."
# Wankie coal mine disaster

The Wankie coal mine disaster took place on 6 June 1972 when a series of underground explosions occurred at the Wankie No. 2 colliery in Rhodesia (now known as Zimbabwe), which was owned by the Anglo-American Corporation. With 427 fatalities, it remains the deadliest mine accident to date in the country's history.
The disaster took place at the Wankie No.2 colliery in Wankie, (now known as Hwange) in the Rhodesian province of Matabeleland North, when several gas explosions ripped through the mine. It was initially believed that 468 miners were trapped, but the number was lowered after the owners found a number of people had not shown up for work.
Eight men were pulled alive from the mine after the initial explosions. Two new explosions on 7 June poured clouds of poisonous gas into the 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) of tunnels, making further rescue attempts impossible.
On 9 June, the general manager of the Wankie colliery, Gordon Livingstone-Blevins, decided to leave the 424 bodies where they were. Three bodies had been recovered after the initial explosions. A mass memorial service took place on 11 June at a nearby football stadium, where a crowd of about 5,000 people paid tribute. "This has cast a gloom over the whole country," Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith said during the service.
In response to the disaster, the President of Rhodesia Clifford Dupont set up the Wankie Disaster Relief Fund
# Tribute of the Maltese Falcon

The Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem had to pay an annual tribute to the Emperor Charles V and his mother Queen Joanna of Castile as monarchs of Sicily, for the granting of Tripoli, Malta and Gozo. There were also other conditions. The annual tribute payable on All Saints day (1 November) was one falcon. The grant was made at Castelfranco Emilia and is dated "the 23rd day of the month of March, Third Indiction, in the Year of Our Lord 1530; in the 10th year of our reign as Emperor, the 27th as King of Castile, Granada etc., the 16th of Navarre, the 15th of Aragon, the Two Sicilies, Jerusalem and all our other realms".

## Text of the grant

The grant says:
   [W]e grant, and of our liberality we bountifully bestow upon the aforesaid Very Reverend Grand Master of the Religion and Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, in feudal perpetuity, noble, free and unencumbered, our cities, castles, places and islands of Tripoli, Malta and Gozo, with all their cities, castles, places and island territories; with pure and mixed jurisdiction, right, and property of useful government; with power of life and death over males and females residing within their limits, and with the laws, constitutions, and rights now existing amongst the inhabitants; together with all other laws and rights, exemptions, privileges, revenues and other immunities whatsoever; so that they may hereafter hold them in feudal tenure from us, as Kings of both Sicilies, and from our successors in the same kingdom, reigning at the time, under the sole payment of a falcon; which every year, on the Feast of All Saints, shall be presented by the person or persons duly authorised for that purpose, into the hands of the Viceroy or President, who may at that time be administering the government, in sign and recognition of feudal tenure; and having made that payment, they shall remain exempt and free from all other service claimable by law, and by custom performed by feudal vassals.

## Conditions

The investiture had to be renewed in every case of a new succession, and completed according to the dispositions of common law. Other conditions included:
* Non-aggression against Sicily;
* No immunity to fugitives of justice;
* Nomination of bishop of Malta;
* Appointment of bishop as Grand Cross and membership of the Order's Council;
* Preference to appoint an Italian as Admiral of the Order;
* Prohibition of transferability of the fief;
* Arbitration in case of dispute;
* Under whatsoever laws or conditions they may have in favour of the people already residing there;
The order and grand master paid the annual falcon until 1798 when the Order was expelled from the Maltese islands by the French Directory.

## In popular culture

The Knights of Malta's tribute of a falcon is referred to in the 1930 Dashiell Hammett novel The Maltese Falcon, as well as in the 1931 and 1941 film adaptations.
# Viktor Németh

Viktor Németh (born 21 March 1977) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for Kecskeméti TE.
# Toei 12-000 and 12-600 series

There are two electric multiple unit (EMU) train types operated by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei) on the Toei Oedo Line in Tokyo, Japan:
* Toei 12-000 series
* Toei 12-600 series
# Gabon at the 2012 Summer Paralympics

Gabon competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom from August 29 to September 9, 2012.

## Athletics
### Men’s track

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Thierry Mabicka | 100m T54 | 21.42 | 8 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Men’s field

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Rank |
| Thierry Mabicka | Javelin throw F57-58 | DNS | DNS |
# Pan Africanist Socialist Movement – Inkinzo

The Pan Africanist Socialist Movement-Inkinzo (MSP-Inkinzo) is a small progressive, predominantly ethnic Tutsi political party in Burundi.
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# Tokyo Fuji University

Tokyo Fuji University (東京富士大学, Tōkyō fuji daigaku) is a private university in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1943. It was chartered as a junior college in 1951 and became a four-year college in 2002.
In 2008 the Department of Psychology was established.
# Thomas Spence (disambiguation)

Thomas Spence (1750–1814) was an English Radical. Other notable people with the same name include:
* Thomas Ara Spence (1810–1877), American politician
* Thomas Wilson Spence (1846–1912), Irish-American lawyer and politician
* Thomas Ralph Spence (c. 1855–1918), English painter, sculptor and architect
# Tredecimal

Tredecimal, Tridecimal, and Triskadecimal (i.e., pertaining to the number 13) may refer to:
* Base 13 number system
* Limit (music), 13-limit tuning and intervals
** A type of neutral third music interval
# T17/18 Beijing–Mudanjiang through train

The T17/18 Beijing–Mudanjiang through train (Chinese:T17/18次北京到牡丹江特快速列车) is a railway running between Beijing to Mudanjiang. It carries express passenger trains by the Harbin Railway Bureau, Mudanjiang passenger segment responsible for passenger transport task, Mudanjiang originating on the Beijing train. 25K Passenger trains running along the Jingha Railway and Binsui Railway cross Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing and other areas, covering 1552 km. Beijing railway station to Mudanjiang railway station require 16 hours and 50 minutes, while Mudanjiang railway station to Beijing railway station requires 17 hours and 36 minutes.

## Carriages

| Carriage number | 1 | 2 | 3-10 | 11 | 12 | 13-16 | 17 |
| Type of carriages | UZ25K Head end power car (Chinese: 发电车) | UZ25K Postal car (Chinese: 邮政车) | YW25K Hard sleeper (Chinese: 硬卧车) | RW25K Soft sleeper (Chinese: 软卧车) | CA25K Dining car (Chinese: 餐车) | YZ25K Hard seat (Chinese: 硬座车) | XL25K Baggage car (Chinese: 行李车) |

## Locomotives

| Sections | Beijing-Harbin | Harbin-Mudanjiang |
| Locomotives and their allocation | SS9 electric locomotive Shenyang Railway Bureau Shenyang Depot (Chinese: 沈局沈段) | DF4D diesel locomotive Harbin Railway Bureau Sankeshu Depot (Chinese: 哈局三段) |

### Timetable

| T17 | T17 | Stops | T18 | T18 |
| Arrive | Depart | Stops | Arrive | Depart |
| — | 21:24 | Beijing | 08:36 | — |
| 22:47 | 22:50 | Tangshan North | ↑ | ↑ |
| 03:49 | 03:55 | Shenyang North | 02:17 | 02:23 |
| 08:39 | 08:55 | Harbin | 20:29 | 20:58 |
| 09:30 | 09:32 | Acheng | 19:32 | 19:36 |
| ↓ | ↓ | Maoershan | 18:36 | 18:39 |
| 13:44 | 13:46 | Hailin | 15:23 | 15:25 |
| 14:14 | — | Mudanjiang | — | 15:00 |
# List of Cleveland Blues (NL) managers

The Cleveland Blues were a professional baseball franchise that played in the National League (NL) from 1879 until 1884. The team employed six individuals in the capacity of on-field manager. Four of the six were also player-managers.
The first manager for the Blues was Jim McCormick, who was also the team's main pitcher. He stayed in that capacity for two seasons, winning just 74 of 167 games from 1879 to 1880. In 1882, he managed four more games, but did not win any of them. The franchise's all-time leader in managerial wins (55) and winning percentage (.567) was Frank Bancroft, their first non-playing manager.

## Managers

Individuals who managed the Cleveland Blues (NL), with seasons, games total, record, and winning percentage :
| # | Manager | Season(s) | Games | Wins | Losses | Win % |
| 1 | Jim McCormick | 1879–1880, 1882 | 171 | 74 | 96 | .435 |
| 2 | Mike McGeary | 1881 | 11 | 4 | 7 | .364 |
| 3 | John Clapp | 1881 | 74 | 32 | 42 | .438 |
| 4 | Fred Dunlap | 1882 | 80 | 42 | 36 | .538 |
| 5 | Frank Bancroft | 1883 | 100 | 55 | 42 | .567 |
| 6 | Charlie Hackett | 1884 | 113 | 35 | 77 | .313 |
# Rungwa Game Reserve

The Rungwa Game Reserve is a protected area in Tanzania that covers an area of 9,000 km$^2$ (3,500 sq mi). It was established in 1951. It is situated in Itigi District, Singida Region.
Since 2005, the protected area is considered a Lion Conservation Unit.
The reserve is composed of hills mixed with patches of forest along the streams and the Mpera River valley, which provides water in the dry season and becomes the best game viewing areas from July to November. It covers a large part of Central and West Tanzania and primarily covered with miombo woodlands giving access to excellent thicket is a unique vegetation type found only in two places in Africa. The predominant wildlife species in Rungwa Game Reserve are: lion, leopard, African buffalo, eland, sable, greater kudu, grysbok, klipspringer, oribi, hartebeest, liechtenstein, impala, zebra, hippopotamus, crocodile and bush pig.
The temperatures at this reserve are mild with very low humidity. The annual rainfall ranges from 750 mm (30 in) in the east to 1,300 mm (51 in) in the western part of the game reserve.
# Riville

Riville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

A small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D28 and D75 roads.

## Places of interest

* The church of St. Pierre, dating from the eighteenth century.
* An old chapel.
* A farmhouse built on the old monastic manorhouse.