OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of defunct airlines of Mauritania

This is a list of defunct airlines of Mauritania.
| Airline | IATA | ICAO | Callsign | Commenced operations | Ceased operations | Notes |
| Air Ada | | RDM | AIR ADA | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Air Afrique | RK | RKA | AIRAFRIQUE | 1961 | 2002 | Jointly owned by multiple West African countries. |
| Air Amder | | RMD | AIR AMDER | 2005 | 2007 | |
| Air Fret De Mauritanie | | FMT | AFDM | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Air Mauritanie | MR | MRT | MIKE ROMEO | 1962 | 2007 | Defunct, ceased all operations in 2007. |
| Air Soleil | | SOE | AIR SOLEIL | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Al Rida Airways | | LRW | AL RIDA | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Atlantic Airlines Cargo | | MNV | AAC | 1999 | 1999 | |
| Benane Aviation Corporation | | BNV | BENANE | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| C.S.P. | | RMU | AIR MAUR | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Caravan Air | | VAN | CAMEL | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Cargo Express | | MCX | MAURICARGO | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Chinguetti Airlines | | CGU | CHINGUETTI | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Compagnie de Cargo International | | CCX | CCI | 1998 | 1998 | |
| Compagnie Mauritanienne des Services | | CMZ | CEE-EM-STAIRS | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Compagnie Mauritanienne de Transports | | CPM | CMT | 1998 | 2005 | |
| Compagnie Mauritanienne de Transports Aérien | | | CMTAN | 2001 | 2006 | |
| Dunair | | DUN | DUNAIR | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Lignes Mauritaniennes Air Express | | LME | LIMAIR EXPRESS | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Mauria | | MIA | MAURIA | 1996 | 1998 | |
| Mauritania Airlines International (MAI) | L6 | MTW | MAI | 2010 | 2018 | Renamed to Mauritania Airlines. |
| Mauritania Airways | YD | MTW | MAURITANIA AIRWAYS | 2006 | 2010 | Defunct, ceased all operations in 2010. |
| Maurtanienne Aerienne et Navale | | MNV | NAVALE | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Mauritanienne Air Fret | | MRF | MAUR-FRET | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Mauritanienne Airways | | MWY | MAURITANIENNE | 2006 | 2006 | |
| Mauritanienne de Transport Aérien | | MDE | MAURI-TRANS | 1996 | 1998 | |
| Ocean Air | | BCN | BLUE OCEAN | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Société De Transport Aerien de Mauritanie | | NSC | TRANS-SOCIETE | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Société Tout Transport Mauritanien | | TTM | TOUT-AIR | 1998 | 2000 | |
| Stella Aviation | | SLV | AVISTELLA | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Tar Interpilot | | TPL | INTERPILOT | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Trading Air Cargo | | JCH | TRADING CARGO | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Trans Reco | | REC | TRANS-RECO | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Transport Aérien de Mauritanie | TM | TRM | SOTRANSPOTM | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| West African Cargo Airlines | | WAC | WESTAF CARGO | Unknown. | Unknown. | |
| Zemmour Airlines | | EMR | ZEMMOUR | Unknown. | Unknown. | . |
# Taichung City Second Market

Taichung City Second Market (Chinese: 臺中市第二市場; pinyin: Táizhōngshì Dì'èr Shìchǎng), formerly Shintomichō Market, is a public market located in Central District, Taichung, Taiwan that is known for its local cuisine.

## History

Taichung City Second Market was built in 1917 by the Japanese colonial government as the second out of five planned marketplaces in Taichung. Like the first market (currently ASEAN Square), the Second Market was built with three wings extending radially from the center. The market was located in Shintomichō, whose residents were mostly Japanese; hence, it was known as the "Japanese market". The Second Market sold higher-end food and clothing for its affluent customers. During this time, the market also sold fruit and vegetables wholesale.
The market was already too small during the Japanese era, and the trend worsened when the Kuomintang took over. Therefore, additional buildings were built around the original and completely surrounded it. However, the market's commercial importance diminished with the westward shift of the city's central business district, the arrival of department stores, and the construction of public markets specifically for wholesale fruit and vegetables.
In the late 20th century, the market transitioned into a tourist attraction known for its wide offerings of Taiwanese cuisine. Renovation projects also helped improve the "dirty" public image of the market. One stall selling ba-wan inside the market is mentioned in the Michelin Guide.

## Architecture

The market has a total floor space of 2,388 ping and has a total of 331 vendors inside (54 stores, 150 permanent stalls, 107 temporary stalls). The market is composed of a Japanese-era structure with three wings surrounded by street-facing qilou on all sides. The original Japanese building is built of brick, a style popular during the Taishō era. In the middle of the three wings, there is a two-story hexagonal tower, which was once the tallest structure in Taichung and had a bell serving as a fire alarm. There are six hallways extending from the center in a radial fashion.

## Gallery

* The hexagonal central tower
* A side entrance to the market
* One of the walkways within the market
* Food vendors in the market
# Mount Shiroyama (Kagoshima)

Mount Shiroyama (城山, Shiroyama) is a mountain located in Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The true height is 107m. The original name is Tsuru ga mine (鶴ヶ峯, Tsuru ga mine) The mountain is famous as the site of the Battle of Shiroyama in 1877, at the end of the Satsuma rebellion.
# Xiong Yan

Xiong Yan may refer to:
* Xiong Yan (elder) (died 848 BC), monarch of the state of Chu
* Xiong Yan (younger) (died 828 BC), his son, monarch of the state of Chu
* Xiong Yan (dissident) (born 1964), Chinese dissident
# IGHM

Ig mu chain C region is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHM gene.
It is associated with agammaglobulinemia-1.
# Phalaenopsis boulbetii

Phalaenopsis boulbetii is a species of orchid endemic to Cambodia. This species grows lithophytically. The specific epithet boulbetii honours the French cartographer fr:Jean Boulbet.

## Conservation

This species is protected unter the CITES appendix II regulations of international trade.
# William F. Ryan

William F. Ryan (1907–1954), nicknamed The Bronx Comet, was an American checkers player who won national titles in both 1939 and 1946. He counted Sam Gonotsky as a mentor and friend. He was known as the champion of "blindfold checkers" and wrote several books on the game. He also worked on a draughts magazine and once played against musician Benny Goodman. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1954.
# Monticello Raceway

Monticello Raceway is a harness racing track and former casino in Monticello, New York. It is owned and operated by Empire Resorts.
The racetrack is nicknamed "The Mighty M" and races standardbred horse races during the afternoons year-round. The current racetrack is a 1/2 mile oval. The track opened on June 27, 1958 in order to attract more people to Monticello's resort area.
There had been attempts since 2000 to add a full-fledged Indian gaming casino operated by the St. Regis Mohawk tribe at the raceway, but they were met with backlash. Several Atlantic City casino operators, including Donald Trump, fought the proposal. Trump was fined for not disclosing his lobbying efforts. In January 2008, Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior vetoed any Mohawk plans for a casino saying the Mohawk reservation on the Canada–United States border was too far from the track. The casino at the raceway operated under a state license permitting slot machines at designated race tracks.
In 2006, the track was the site of the so-called "Monticello Miracle", in which a racehorse hit World War II veteran Don Karkos in the exact spot where he had received shrapnel and lost sight in one of his eyes during a World War II naval battle aboard USS Rapidan (AO-18). This blow caused him to regain his sight, most likely by dislodging the shrapnel.
Eventually, in February 2018, a full casino named Resorts World Catskills opened nearby, which was also owned by the same parent company as Monticello Raceway. In April 2019, the slots and racino part of Monticello Raceway were closed permanently, though, as of September 2023, racing continues year-round during the day from Mondays through Thursdays and on some Fridays when Monday is a holiday. There is a small OTB facility in a portion of the old racino/grandstands and an even smaller outdoor betting trailer with 1 or 2 mutuel tellers.
# Turkana East Constituency

Turkana East is a constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies of Turkana County.
# Tala Mungongo

Tala Mungongo is a town and commune of Angola, located in the province of Malanje.
# Mount Vernon Cemetery

Mount Vernon Cemetery may refer to various burial locations, including:
* Mount Vernon Cemetery (Philadelphia)
* Mount Vernon Cemetery (West Boylston, Massachusetts)
# Texas State Highway Loop 353

Loop 353 is a 7.875-mile-long (12.674 km) loop route in the U.S. state of Texas that follows a former route of U.S. Highway 81 (US 81) in San Antonio. Loop 353 follows New Laredo Highway from Interstate 35 (I-35) on the southwest side of San Antonio towards the northeast and follows Nogalitos Street before ending at another point on I-35 just southwest of Downtown San Antonio. The road is still a major arterial for the city, providing access to Kelly USA.

## History

Loop 353 follows the original routing of US 81 on the southwest side of San Antonio. US 81 was first designated along this stretch in 1927 and is the basis of the naming of the road Laredo Highway due to US 81 passing through Laredo southwest of San Antonio. On September 19, 1961, when US 81 was rerouted onto the freeway to the east, the old segment was designated as Loop 353, but signed as Business US 81, until its decommissioning, which then became Loop 353 only, plus renaming the street New Laredo Highway. Loop 353 was proposed for decommissioning as part of TxDOT's San Antonio turnback proposal, which would have turned back over 129 miles of roadway to the city of San Antonio, but the city rejected that proposal.

## Route description

Loop 353 begins on the southwest side of San Antonio at I-35 just northeast of I-410 interchange. The loop heads northeast along New Laredo Highway, roughly paralleling the interstate for its entire routing. The road continues towards the northeast, intersecting Loop 13 (Military Drive). The highway is the southeast boundary and provides access to Kelly USA, the former Kelly Air Force Base. At an intersection with Zarzamora Street, the street name changes to Nogalitos Street. The highway continues to the northeast and has a junction with US 90 just prior to its northern terminus at I-10 and I-35.

## Junction list

The entire route is in San Antonio, Bexar County.
| mi | Destinations |
| | I-35 |
| | Loop 13 (Military Drive) |
| | US 90 |
| | I-10 / I-35 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# X-Stream Network

The X-Stream Network was the first free ISP based in Britain launched in 1998 and founded by Canadian businessmen Christopher Sukornyk and Gregory Sukornyk, founder of Project Breakout and Wippit founder Paul Myers.
The company were the first to offer free internet access from March 8, 1998 and then "unmetered" access through 0800 numbers. The X-Stream network was usually accessed via an 0845 number and required all users to install their bespoke dialler software, which ran independently of the browser and displayed an advertising banner above the windows start menu at all times while the user was connected. As this was a source of revenue in a market where all other ISPs charged a monthly subscription fee on top of the call costs, it was not possible to remove the X-Stream banner whilst the user is connected, although the banner was buggy and at times would crash leaving the connection active. The X-Stream banner was visible even when all other windows were maximised. Trial periods were set up mainly at evenings and weekends to allow 0800 access to the X-Stream network for 1 hour periods. This is the first instance of the development of "unmetered" access to the Internet in the UK. The X-Stream user base increased significantly after the launch of Freeserve.
The company subsequently expanded its operations to a number of other 5 European countries and Japan. X-Stream was bought by the French ISP LibertySurf in March 2000 for $75.3MM.
# Santana de Mangueira

Santana de Mangueira is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
# Phalaenopsis bastianii

Phalaenopsis bastianii is a species of orchid endemic to the Philippines. Similar in form to a miniature Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana, the colour of the flower is similar to that of Phalaenopsis mariae.
# William FitzClarence, 2nd Earl of Munster

William FitzClarence, 2nd Earl of Munster, (19 May 1824 – 30 April 1901), styled Viscount FitzClarence from 1831 to 1842, was a British peer. He was named after his grandfather, King William IV.

## Biography

FitzClarence's father, George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster, was an illegitimate son of King William IV by his long-time mistress Dorothea Jordan. Therefore, the second Earl of Munster was the great-grandson of King George III and first cousin once removed of Queen Victoria. His mother was Mary Wyndham (d. 3 December 1842), the illegitimate daughter of George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont.
FitzClarence succeeded as the 2nd Earl of Munster on the suicide of his father, on 20 March 1842. For the most part, FitzClarence led a typical Victorian upper-class life of hunting parties and balls.
He purchased a commission as ensign and lieutenant in the Scots Fusilier Guards on 1 July 1842. On 7 April 1843, he purchased a cornetcy and sub-lieutenancy in the Grenadier Guards. He purchased a lieutenancy on 1 May 1846 and a captaincy on 16 March 1849. Munster retired from the Army in April 1851.

## Marriage and children

FitzClarence married his first cousin Wilhelmina Kennedy-Erskine (27 June 1830 – 9 October 1906) on 17 April 1855. Her mother, Augusta FitzClarence, was the sister of his father, George Augustus FitzClarence. In later life, she became a novelist. They had nine children:
* Edward FitzClarence, Viscount FitzClarence (29 March 1856 – 1870)
* Hon Lionel Frederick Archibald FitzClarence (24 July 1857 – 24 March 1863)
* Major Geoffrey George Gordon FitzClarence, 3rd Earl of Munster (18 July 1859 – 2 February 1902); died without issue
* Hon Arthur Falkland Manners FitzClarence (18 October 1860 – 20 April 1861)
* Aubrey FitzClarence, 4th Earl of Munster (7 June 1862 – 1 January 1928); died without issue
* Hon William George FitzClarence (17 September 1864 – 4 October 1899), married Charlotte Elizabeth Williams
* Hon Harold Edward FitzClarence (15 November 1870 – 28 August 1926); father of Geoffrey FitzClarence, 5th Earl of Munster
* Lady Lillian Adelaide Katherine Mary FitzClarence (10 December 1873 – 15 July 1948), married Captain William Arthur Edward Boyd
* Lady Dorothea Augusta FitzClarence (5 May 1876 – 28 January 1942), married Major Chandos Brydges Lee-Warner

## Death

Lord Munster died in 1901, at 23 Palmeira Square, Hove, at the age of 77, when his second cousin Edward VII was on the throne of the United Kingdom. He was buried at Cuckfield, Sussex. He was succeeded in the earldom and other titles by his third eldest son, Geoffrey.
# Montitega dealbata

Montitega dealbata is a dense mat-forming plant native to Tasmania and New Zealand. The whitish underside of the 3–5mm long and 1–2mm wide leaves distinguish this species from the similar alpine plant Pentachondra pumila.

## Description

M. dealbata is a small prostrate woody shrub, part of the Ericaceae family, that forms dense, cushion-like mats of up to 400mm wide and 30mm tall. It has numerous, close-set branchlets, and small, close-set leaves. The leaves are imbricate, or overlapping, coriaceous, or leather-like, free from hair, and form a narrow elliptic or oblong shape.

## Taxonomy

Montitega dealbata was previously known as Cyathodes dealbata R.Br. The Cyathodes genus was first described in 1805, with the first documentation of Cyathodes dealbata in 1810, along with two other species; C. parvifolia and C. straminea. In 2010, Montitega dealbata was identified to have no close relationship with the Cyathodes, and instead is a sister species to Monotoca genus. This led to a new monotypic genus in the Ericaceae family, Montitega (C.M.Weiller) being created.

## Distribution

It is found in Tasmania and New Zealand and is a strictly an alpine species in the northern parts of its range but can be found down to sea level in the southern extents.
# Turkana North Constituency

Turkana North Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies in Turkana County. The constituency was established for the 1997 elections. The constituency has 18 wards, all electing councillors to the Turkana County Council.

## Members of Parliament

| Elections | MP | Party |
| 1997 | John Munyes | FORD-K |
| 2002 | John Munyes | NARC |
| 2007 | John Munyes | PNU |

## Wards

Wards :
| Ward | Registered Voters |
| Kaeris | 1,597 |
| Kaikor | 1,787 |
| Kakuma | 10,355 |
| Kalobeyei | 1,648 |
| Kataboi | 1,678 |
| Kibish | 880 |
| Kokuro | 1,651 |
| Lokichoggio | 4,527 |
| Lokitaung | 2,904 |
| Lorau | 989 |
| Loreng | 1,358 |
| Loruth Esekon | 702 |
| Meyan | 574 |
| Naita | 1,073 |
| Nanaam / Mogila | 1,743 |
| Ngissiger | 2,623 |
| Songot | 991 |
| Yapakuno | 1,894 |
| Total | 38,974 |
| *September 2005. ||
# Tainosphaeria

Tainosphaeria is a genus of fungi within the Chaetosphaeriaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Tainosphaeria crassiparies.
# Mravince

Mravince is a village in Dalmatia, Croatia, located east of Solin, Croatia. The population is 1,628 (census 2011).
# Texas State Highway Loop 368

Loop 368 is a state highway loop in the U.S. state of Texas that follows a former route of US 81 in San Antonio. 8.115 miles (13.060 km) in length, the route is a major arterial in the city, providing access to Brackenridge Park, the San Antonio Zoo, and the University of the Incarnate Word.

## Route description

Loop 368 begins northeast of Downtown San Antonio at I-35 near that route's interchange with I-37 and US 281. It heads northeast along Broadway through Midtown San Antonio, and through the cities of Alamo Heights and Terrell Hills. At an intersection with Austin Highway, Loop 368 turns onto that roadway. The highway continues to the northeast to its northern terminus at the interchange of I-35 and I-410.

## History

Loop 368 follows the original routing of US 81 on the northeast side of San Antonio. US 81 was first designated along this stretch in 1927 and is the basis of the name Austin Highway, as US 81 was the primary route from San Antonio to Austin at the time. On August 1, 1962, when US 81 was rerouted onto the freeway to the east, the old segment was designated as Loop 368, but signed as Business U.S. 81. The route was signed as Loop 368 after US 81 was decommissioned south of Fort Worth in 1991.
On December 18, 2014, the section from Burr Road in Alamo Heights to I-35 was planned to be removed from the state highway system as part of TxDOT's San Antonio turnback program, which gave 21.8 miles (35.1 km) of roads to the city. The original proposal would have turned back over 129 miles (208 km) to the city, and would have also decommissioned the section of Loop 368 from the McNay Art Museum entrance northeast of New Braunfels Avenue to I-35, but the city rejected that proposal. The turnback of the Burr Road to I-35 section was to have occurred upon the issuance of the project acceptance letter for the improvements along that section. However, on January 27, 2022, TxDOT announced that it would retain jurisdiction over that portion of Loop 368, noting that the city did not provide the required acceptance letter for the project.
Under the leadership of mayor Ron Nirenberg, the city of San Antonio tried to add Protected bike lanes and narrowing the existing lanes on Broadway along with lowering the speed limits, but the Texas Department of Transportation did not allow that. Nirenberg accused the state DoT of "1950s thinking" and having a "religious fascination" with highway expansion.

## Junction list

The entire route is in San Antonio, Bexar County.
| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| 0.0 | 0.0 | I-35 north – Austin I-35 south – Laredo | Southern terminus |
| 8.1 | 13.0 | I-410 east I-410 west | Northern terminus: I-410 west exit 26, east exit 26A |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# Xweshkarih i Redagan

Xweshkarih i Redagan (The duty of children) is a Middle Persian text for Zoroastrian children on how to behave accordingly. The work was most likely composed after the Sasanian era (224–651).
# ICL Direct Machine Environment

Direct Machine Environment, abbreviated DME, was a mainframe environment for the ICL 2900 Series of computing systems from International Computers Limited that was developed in the 1970s. DME was more-or-less an ICL 1900 order code processor in microcode, which permitted the ICL 1900 series executive, operating systems and program libraries to operate on the ICL 2900 series.

## Reason for Development

At this time most companies that had computers had large teams of programmers to write their applications. DME was developed so that customers could buy the new hardware and run their 1900 or System 4 applications whilst they developed their replacement VME applications. This led to some users running DME and VME alternately on the same machine for some years. Unfortunately this led to situations where development teams were waiting around for time to run their new applications. This, and the fact that some users were not moving to the new system, led ICL to develop a system called Concurrent Machine Environment (CME) under which VME ran DME as a subsystem, enabling 1900 and System 4 applications to be run on a 2900 or Series 39 machine alongside VME applications.
# Phaseolus ritensis

Phaseolus ritensis is a plant species native to Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa and Nuevo León. Common names include "Santa Rita Mountain bean" (in US) and "cocolmeca" in Mexico. It grows in forested areas in the mountains.
Phaseolus ritensis is a perennial herb with a large woody taproot. It is a trailing herb with trifoliate leaves and pink to lavender flowers.

## Uses

The plant is widely valued for both food and medicine throughout much of its native range. Green and ripe fruits served as an important food source in times past. Roots are the source of medicine, glue, and a fermenting agent.
# Saudi gazelle

The Saudi gazelle (Gazella saudiya) is a Gazella species that was once native to the Arabian Peninsula. It was declared extinct in the wild in 1996, as it was last observed in the wild in 1970. The Saudi gazelle was officially declared extinct on the IUCN Red List in 2008.

## Taxonomy

Gazella gazella saudiya was the scientific name proposed by Douglas Carruthers and Ernst Schwarz in 1939. They described the skull and head skin of a male gazelle specimen collected at an elevation of 1,100 m (3,500 ft) near Dhlam in Saudi Arabia. Terence Morrison-Scott recognised it as a distinct species Gazella saudiya in 1939. Colin Groves examined horn shapes and sizes of zoological specimens of gazelles and recognised the Saudi gazelle as a subspecies of the Dorcas gazelle Gazella dorcas saudiya in 1969.
Phylogenetic analysis of museum samples of the Saudi gazelle revealed that it is distinct from and a sister taxon of the Dorcas gazelle.

## Distribution and habitat

The Saudi gazelle once lived in gravel and sandy plains with acacias of the northern and western Arabian Peninsula from Kuwait to Yemen, with most of the records coming from western Saudi Arabia. It was found singly or in groups up to 20.

## Decline and extinction

The subspecies had always been rare and declining due to excessive hunting; it had not been seen for a few decades, and was declared to be extinct in the wild in 1980. Recent genetic analysis of all reported specimens of G. d. saudiya in captive collections has shown these represent different species or hybrids. Despite frequent surveys attempting to find pure Saudi gazelles in the wild and privately owned, no evidence of surviving individuals has been found. In 2008, the Saudi gazelle was officially declared extinct on the IUCN Red List.