OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pavlina R. Tcherneva

Pavlina R. Tcherneva is an American economist, of Bulgarian descent, working as associate professor of economics at Bard College. She is President of the Levy Economics Institute and expert at the Institute for New Economic Thinking.

## Education

Tcherneva studied economics and mathematics at Gettysburg College, Pennsylvania, obtaining her B.A. with honors in both, in 1997. She obtained her Master's degree in Economics at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, in 2004, where she also defended her Economics and Social Science Ph.D. dissertation in 2008.

## Career

Tcherneva has taught at the Franklin and Marshall College and the University of Missouri-Kansas City. During 2000-2006, she served as the associate director for economic analysis at the Center for Full Employment and Price Stability, where she remains a senior research associate. In summer 2006, she was a visiting scholar at the University of Cambridge's Centre for Economic and Public Policy, in the United Kingdom, and since July 2007, she's a research scholar at the Levy Economics Institute.
Tcherneva's work is on macroeconomics issues, where she is conducting research in the field of fiscal policy, with a focus on full employment. She is a notable proponent of modern monetary theory and the notion of a job guarantee. Her research on monetary and fiscal policies, specifically under sovereign currency regimes and the macroeconomic effects of alternative stabilization programs, including both the Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and responses from the Federal Reserve's policy during the Great Recession have appeared in the Review of Social Economy, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, and International Journal of Political Economy, in addition to other publications. She has also collaborated with policymakers from various countries, including the United States, on developing job-creation programs.

## Selected works

* Forstater, Mathew & Tcherneva, P. (editors) Full Employment and Price Stability: The Macroeconomic Vision of William S. Vickrey, Elgar, 2004, ISBN 9781843764090
* Tcherneva, Pavlina. "Chartalism and the tax-driven approach" in Philip Arestis & Malcolm C. Sawyer, A handbook of alternative monetary economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2006
* Tcherneva, Pavlina. "The Nature, Origins, and Role of Money: Broad and Specific Propositions and Their Implications for Policy" Center for Full Employment and Price Stability, University of Missouri-Kansas City, July 2005
* Tcherneva, Pavlina R. (2010). "Fiscal Policy: The Wrench in the New Economic Consensus". International Journal of Political Economy. 39 (3): 24–44. doi:10.2753/IJP0891-1916390302. JSTOR 23032385. S2CID 154815524.
* Tcherneva, Pavlina R. (2020). The Case for a Job Guarantee. Polity. ISBN 978-1-509-54210-9.
# Stade Robert Bobin

The Stade Robert Bobin is a multi-purpose stadium in Bondoufle, France. It is used for football matches and is the home stadium of Paris FC (women). It hosted the 1996 French Athletics Championships. The stadium holds 18,850 spectators.
# Paula Rudall

Paula J Rudall (born 1954) is a British botanist, who was Head of the Micromorphology Section (1999–2014) and Head of the Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

## Career

Paula Rudall graduated from the University of London, with a BSc (Hons) in 1975, and went on to get her PhD (1979) and DSc (2001) at the same institution. She was Head of the Micromorphology Section and subsequently Head of the Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, based in the Jodrell Laboratory. She has been the recipient of several awards, including the Linnean Medal (2005) and the Dahlgren Prize (2008). She is known for her work on the taxonomy and phylogeny of monocotyledons and was the lead organiser of the foundational international conference on Monocotyledons, systematics and evolution (Kew, 1993), which led to an ongoing international series of conferences and workshops. She is currently an Honorary Research Fellow at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Paula Rudall has published over 300 peer-reviewed papers and several books, including a textbook on the Anatomy of Flowering Plants.
Features in Sir David Attenborough’s documentary ‘Lost Gods of Easter Island’
# Pavonis

Pavonis is the Latin genitive of Latin pavo = "peacock". It may refer to:-
* Pavonis Mons, a large mountain of Mars
* Pavo (constellation)
* Delta Pavonis, a nearby star
# Pedro Guerrero (composer)

Pedro Guerrero (born c. 1520) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance.
Guerrero was born in Seville, probably around 1520, and he may have sung in the Seville Cathedral choir. He was singer of the powerful dukes of Medina Sidonia from 1533 to 1536. He was the older brother of Francisco Guerrero and taught him music prior to Francisco's time studying with Cristóbal de Morales. By 1560 he had taken a position as a singer in Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome.
Guerrero's surviving compositions are scant. Several sacred motets are extant, as well as about ten secular songs in Spanish, though these only survive in intabulated versions for vihuela.
# Pedro Ribeiro (footballer, born 1979)

Pedro Júlio Marques Ribeiro (born 8 February 1979 in Aveiro) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a right back.
# Stade Régional Saifoullaye Diallo

Stade Régional Saifoullaye Diallo is a multi-use stadium in Labé, Guinea. It is currently used mostly for football matches, on club level by Fello Star of the Guinée Championnat National. The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 spectators.
# Peggy Middleton

Peggy Arline Middleton (3 January 1916 – 26 August 1974) was a British politician who served on the Greater London Council (GLC).
Born in Bristol as Peggy Loughman, she was educated at Kingswood Grammar School. She worked for the British Broadcasting Corporation in its features department until 1940, then at Preston Record Office. After having children, she worked at Family Planning until 1950. She then qualified as a teacher at Borthwick College. She taught in Greenwich, where she led a campaign against comics, having found 11-year-olds in her class reading material she considered unsuitable. During this period, she also wrote for the New York-based National Guardian.
In 1952, Middleton was elected as a Labour Party member of Greenwich Metropolitan Borough Council. At the 1955 London County Council election, she was additionally elected as a councillor for Greenwich. In 1961/62, she served as Mayor of Greenwich, the youngest person at that time to have held the office. During that year, she was fined £1 for attending a Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament demonstration and refusing to move when asked by police, at which she claimed to have had her arm seized and twisted by the officers.
At the 1966 UK general election, Middleton stood in Tavistock, taking third place, with 20.2% of the vote.
In 1965, the London County Council was replaced by the GLC. Middleton remained a councillor for Greenwich, and in 1973 she was appointed as chair of the council's finance board. She died the following year, while still in office. In 1977, Peggy Middleton House was completed, providing office space for staff at the Royal Borough of Greenwich.
# Pays de Herve

The Pays de Herve (Land of Herve) is a 420 km$^2$ natural region of Wallonia, between the rivers Vesdre and Meuse and the borders separating Belgium from the Netherlands and Germany.
The region is named after the ancient town of Herve, which is at its centre.
Economically the Pays de Herve mainly has an agricultural character. The region is known for Herve cheese.

## Towns

Population centres in this region are: Aubel, Beyne-Heusay, Blegny, Dalhem, Fléron, Herve, Olne, Plombières, Soumagne, Thimister-Clermont, Visé, Voeren and Welkenraedt.

## Maps

| The natural regions of Belgium. The Pays de Herve is in the east. | The Pays de Herve in the Province of Liège. | Belgium in Europe |
50°39′N 5°50′E﻿ / ﻿50.65°N 5.83°E﻿ / 50.65; 5.83
* This Liège Province location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pearl Memorial United Methodist Church

Pearl Memorial United Methodist Church was a member of the Nebraska Conference of the United Methodist Church that was operated from the 1890s into the 2000s. The former congregation's church is located at 2319 Ogden Street in the Miller Park neighborhood of north Omaha, Nebraska. The church primarily served the Miller Park community.

## History

In the 1890s a group worshiping in the "upper room of a drug store" at the corner of 24th and Ames Avenue was organized as a Methodist Episcopal congregation. The first pastor of Pearl was Rev. G. A. Luce. Their first regular church building was constructed in 1905 at N. 24th and Larimore Streets. In 1907, the congregation received a gift of land near the commercial intersection of 24th and Fort Streets, upon which they built the first Methodist church in the community in 1905. When Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church moved from its location in the Near North Side neighborhood, Pearl became the only United Methodist church in North Omaha.
Pearl Memorial was long been a home to athletic activities for local children and youth. From the 1910s through the 1950s the church hosted basketball and baseball teams that played in church leagues across the city. From the 1970s through the 1990s the church hosted a variety of sports for youth in the local community, as well.
Today the Church offers a variety to residents in the surrounding neighborhood, including a food pantry,a youth community center and social services to low-income families.
The church was involved in a controversial Internal Revenue Service investigation regarding a donation made to an advocacy organization called "Omaha Together One Community". The controversy included threats of losing its 501(c)(3) status. Pearl Memorial is no longer listed as a 501(c)(3) organization, however since its change from Pearl United Methodist Church to Living Hope United Methodist Church its 501 (c)(3) is in place.
The congregation disbanded in the early 2000s.

## Building

Originally located at 2519 Ames Avenue, Pearl moved to its current facility in 1914. In the late 1920s the church opened an educational and social wing adjacent to the sanctuary, and finished the basement of the church with a grand basketball court. In the 1980s the church renovated a kitchen in the basement to become a commercial-style cooking area, designed to provide training to local job-seekers.
# Pepe Rubio

Pepe Rubio (September 10, 1931 – March 15, 2012) was a Spanish actor, known for comedies, whose professional career began in 1953 with theater.
Rubio was born in Lubrín, Province of Almería, Andalusia in 1931. His father was a miner. Rubio moved to Barcelona with his family, where he worked as in a textile factory. He joined the military when he was eighteen years old.
Rubio's film debut was in the 1959 Spanish movie, House of Troy. Other credits included the 1963 dramatic film, Dulcinea; Behind the Mask of Zorro in 1965
Pepe Rubio died on March 15, 2012, in Madrid at the age of 80.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1956 | We're All Necessary | | |
| 1958 | La frontera del miedo | Operador de radio | |
| 1959 | College Boarding House | Casimiro Barcala | |
| 1960 | El cerro de los locos | Ricardo Peña | |
| 1960 | Litri and His Shadow | Manuel Báez | |
| 1960 | Maria, Registered in Bilbao | Muros | |
| 1961 | Green Harvest | | |
| 1961 | Goliath Against the Giants | Briseo | |
| 1961 | Siempre es domingo | David | |
| 1962 | Cuidado con las personas formales | Agustín | |
| 1962 | You and Me Are Three | Ramiro | |
| 1962 | Dulcinea | Inquisidor | |
| 1963 | Escala en Hi-Fi | | |
| 1964 | Piso de soltero | Enrique | |
| 1964 | La boda era a las doce | Alberto | |
| 1964 | En días como estos | | |
| 1964 | La boda | | |
| 1964 | The Mistresses of Dr. Jekyll | Juan Manuel | |
| 1964 | El señor de La Salle | Pedro | |
| 1964 | Behind the Mask of Zorro | Marcel | |
| 1964 | Dulcinea del Toboso | | |
| 1967 | Los guardiamarinas | Caballero guardamarina Enrique Andrade | |
| 1967 | Fury of Johnny Kid | | |
| 1967 | ¿Qué hacemos con los hijos? | Juan Martínez | |
| 1967 | Las cicatrices | Simón Valeiro | |
| 1967 | Los amores difíciles | | |
| 1968 | Agonizando en el crimen | Henry | |
| 1968 | Cruzada en la mar | Enrique Mendoza | |
| 1969 | No somos ni Romeo ni Julieta | Hombre en la cafetería 3º | Uncredited |
| 1970 | Enseñar a un sinvergüenza | Lorenzo Vega | |
| 1970 | Don Erre que erre | Periodista y Narrador | |
| 1971 | La casa de los Martínez | Pepe | |
| 1971 | Blanca por fuera y Rosa por dentro | Héctor Villarreal, novelista | |
| 1971 | Si Fulano fuese Mengano | Luis Miralles | |
| 1972 | En un mundo nuevo | Carlos Peñafiel | |
# Percy Marks

Percy Marks (September 9, 1891 − December 27, 1956) was an American writer and college English instructor best known for his best selling 1924 novel, The Plastic Age.
Marks was born in Covelo, California in 1891 to Henry and Sarah Lando Marks. The family moved to Ukiah in 1900, the county seat, because it had better schools. Marks graduated from the University of California in 1912 and obtained a master's degree from Harvard University in 1914. He was a second lieutenant in the United States Army during World War I.
Marks had been teaching English for ten years (at a number of institutions, including Dartmouth College and Brown University) when his first novel was published in 1924, The Plastic Age. The book was the second most popular best-seller for that year, and its portrayal of college life caused a ruckus at the time and was even banned in Boston. Marks left teaching the following year to focus full-time on writing. A movie version of the Plastic Age with a highly changed plot was released the next year starring Clara Bow, and a second version titled Red Lips released in 1928, which was directed by Melville W. Brown. Marks wrote 19 additional books, primarily novels. Late in his career, he took a post teaching English and literature at the University of Connecticut at Waterbury.
Marks married Margaret Ellen Gates in California on December 17, 1927. He moved to New Haven, Connecticut in 1930, and resided there until he died, on December 27, 1956, survived by his wife and daughter Sally Jean Marks. In 1962, Marks' widow (then remarried to Bernard Barton), donated his papers to Yale University where they are held at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
Sally Marks became a scholar of international relations at Rhode Island College.
# Tang Paradise

34°12′54″N 108°58′09″E﻿ / ﻿34.2149°N 108.9691°E﻿ / 34.2149; 108.9691Tang Paradise (simplified Chinese: 大唐芙蓉园; traditional Chinese: 大唐芙蓉園; pinyin: Dàtáng Fúróng Yuán) is a large theme park in the city of Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi province, Northwest China. The park is at or near the site of an earlier garden Furong Garden (芙蓉园) complex in the city of Chang'an, the capital of the Tang dynasty.
The park features numerous buildings, squares, and gardens, all incorporating features of traditional Tang Chinese architecture, such as eaves and cornices. Some features are named after historical sites or buildings.
The park is one of several modern reconstructions of ancient sites in Shaanxi, which involve anachronistic styles and features, most notably the use of wide stretches of concrete surfaces.
The setting, a landscaped 165-acre (0.67 km$^2$) site surrounding a willow-lined lake, captures something of the look and feel of classical Chinese landscape painting.
In the evening the many thousands of visitors are treated to a spectacular Lake Show, featuring Lasers, video projection onto water screens, fountains and other special effects. The show was created by a UK company - LCI Projects Ltd.
# Penallt Halt railway station

vteWye Valley Railway :
Legend :
Penallt Halt was a request stop on the former Wye Valley Railway. It was opened on 1 August 1931 and closed in 1959. Penallt Halt and Redbrook Station were the closest stations on the line with only Penallt Viaduct separating them. Penallt Halt was close to the village of Redbrook.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Whitebrook Halt | Wye Valley Railway British Railways | Redbrook on Wye |
51°47′04″N 2°40′26″W﻿ / ﻿51.7844°N 2.6739°W﻿ / 51.7844; -2.6739
# Penfield Township, Lorain County, Ohio

Penfield Township is one of the eighteen townships of Lorain County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 1,835.

## Geography

Located in southeastern Lorain County, it borders the following townships:
* LaGrange Township - north
* Grafton Township - northeast corner
* Litchfield Township, Medina County - east
* Chatham Township, Medina County - southeast corner
* Spencer Township, Medina County - south
* Huntington Township - southwest corner
* Wellington Township - west
* Pittsfield Township - northwest corner
No municipalities are located in Penfield Township.

## Name and history

Penfield Township was established in 1820 and named in honor of Peter Penfield, an early settler. It is the only Penfield Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# Peperomia verediana

Peperomia verediana is a species of plant from the genus Peperomia. It was discovered by William Trelease in 1936.

## Etymology

Verediana came from the Spanish word "Vereda". Vereda defines a scattered settlement in Latin America.

## Distribution

Peperomia verediana is endemic to Loreto, Peru. Specimens were collected by Llewelyn Williams in Caballococha, Loreto.
* Peru
** Loreto
*** Caballococha
**** Amazon River

## Description

It is a medium-sized glabrous herb with stems 2-3 millimeters thick. Leaves alternate from broadest near the base, having a slightly pointed tip, rounded at the base, and minutely cordate at the margin. Leaves are 5.5-6.5 centimeters long, and 3.5-4 centimeters wide. Petioles are 2 centimeters long. Inflorescence is not present in this species.
# Peperomia venezueliana

Peperomia venezueliana is a species of herb and hemiepiphyte subshrub from the genus Peperomia. It grows in wet tropical biomes. It was discovered by Casimir de Candolle in 1866, in Venezuela..

## Etymology

Venezueliana came from the country "Venezuela". This refers to the species being discovered in Venezuela.

## Distribution

Peperomia venezueliana is native to Venezuela and Colombia. In Colombia, specimens can be found at an altitude of 1000–2300 meters. In Venezuela, specimens can be found at an altitude of 350-1250 meters..
* Venezuela
** Carabobo
** Monagas
** Bolívar
** Amazonas
** Lara
*** Quebrada de Oro
** Táchira
*** Junín
**** Quebrada Agua Blanca
** Aragua
*** Colonia Tovar
** Yaracuy
*** Sierra de Aroa
** Mérida
*** Cerro El Toro
** Anzoátegui
** Miranda
*** Sucre
**** El Avila National Park
** Cojedes
*** Ricaurte
** Falcón
** Guárico
** Trujillo
* Colombia
** Antioquia
*** Envigado
*** Betania
*** Frontino
*** Caldas
*** Anorí
** Magdalena
*** Santa Marta
**** Sierra de Onaca
** Santander
*** Río Suratá valley
** Meta
*** La Macarena
**** Tinigua National Park
** Norte de Santander
*** Herrán
Peperomia longipes
* Colombia
** Magdalena
*** Santa Marta
**** Sierra de Ouaca
Peperomia ernstiana
* Venezuela
** Aragua

## Description

Leaves alternate, briefly petiolate, Oval lance, and Pointed tip. They are glabrous on both sides. It trails on the ground, dry stem, flattened, glabrous, and the edge of the leaves is 0,035.

## Subtaxa

These subtaxa following varieties are accepted.
Peperomia venezueliana var. aterrima Trel. & Yunck.
Peperomia venezueliana var. venezueliana
# Tang Peng

Tang Peng (simplified Chinese: 唐鹏; traditional Chinese: 唐鵬; pinyin: Táng Péng; Jyutping: tong$^4$ paang$^4$; born 4 February 1981 in Beijing, China) is mainland Chinese-born table tennis player who now represents Hong Kong. He recently married Tie Yana, another Chinese-born table tennis player representing Hong Kong. As of December 2016, he is ranked the number nineteenth player in the world.

## Career records

Singles (as of 19 January 2014)
* World Championships: 1/4 finals (2015).
* Pro Tour runner-up (1): 2007 Chile Open.
* Asian Championships: runner-up (2003).
Men's doubles
* World Championships: QF (2009).
* Pro Tour winner (4): 2010 Austrian Open, 2014 Spanish Open, 2014 Australian Open, 2014 Russian Open.
* Pro Tour Grand Finals appearances: 2. Won in 2010.
* Asian Championships: SF (2003).
Mixed doubles
* World Championships: QF (2007).
* Asian Championships: SF (2003).
Team
* Summer Olympic: 4th (2012)
* World Championships: 3rd (2008).
* World Team Cup: 3rd (2009).
* Asian Championships: winner (2003).
# Tambov State Technical University

Tambov State Technical University is a state institution of higher learning in Tambov, Russia. It was founded in 1958 and specializes in technical sciences (including information and communication technologies) and chemical, electronic, and agricultural engineering.

## History

The university was founded in 1958 as the Tambov branch of the Moscow Institute of Chemical Engineering. In 1965, it achieved autonomous status and became the Tambov Institute of Chemical Engineering (TICE). It was renamed Tambov State Technical University (TSTU) in 1993. The announcement by Minister of Education and Science Dmitry Livanov of Russian government plans for an eventual merger of the university with Tambov State University was met with a protest rally and march by TSTU students, parents and faculty in October 2012.

## Academics

TSTU has 7000 students enrolled in 30 undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Its academic structure encompasses four institutes, ten faculties, two innovation technology centers, the Tambov Regional Center for New Information Technologies, and multiple smaller research centers and laboratories. The university publishes its own theoretical and applied multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed journal, Transactions of the TSTU (Вестник ТГТУ).
According to the university, it has over 400 international students from 50 countries. Its Centre for International Specialist Training (CIST) runs a specialist training course, "English for Students, Lecturers and Administrators of Technical Universities", developed within the framework of TEMPUS (Trans-European Mobility Programme for University Studies). CIST also developed two five-year degree programs using English as the medium of instruction ("Computer-Aided Design Systems" and "Economics and Business Management"), which enrolled their first student cohorts in 2005.