OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mudushedde

Mudushedde is a village within Mangalore city in Dakshina Kannada district in the Indian state of Karnataka.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Mudushedde had a population of 7426. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Mudushedde has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 68%. In Mudushedde, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Mudville

Mudville may refer to:
* Mudville, a fictional town in the poem Casey at the Bat
** Stockton Ports, renamed Mudville Nine from 2000 to 2002
** Visalia Rawhide, a minor league baseball team in California that plays one game each season as the Mudville Nine
* Mudville (band), a post-trip-hop band from New York City
* Mudville, Holliston, Massachusetts
# Muna, Nepal

Muna, Nepal is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2152 people living in 456 individual households.
# Munskänkarna

Munskänkarna is a Swedish and Finnish wine tasting organization with over 20,000 members. The Swedish word "Munskänk" (corresponding to Mundschenk in German) is synonymous with "cup-bearer". It is used to refer to a single member, with the organisation's name "Munskänkarna" being the plural definite form. The organisation was established in Stockholm in 1958 and has continuously expanded with chapters in other locations, some outside of Sweden. In 2000, the chapters in Finland had become numerous enough to split off to form their own Finnish language organisation, Suomen Munskänkarna. In 2002, a Swedish language organisation in Finland called Svenska Munskänkarna i Finland was also formed. All three organisations are established as non-profit organisations.
As of 2006, the Swedish branch of Munskänkarna had over 19,000 members in 137 chapters, of which 129 in Sweden and 8 in other countries. In Finland there were 13 chapters in the Finnish-speaking organisation and 9 chapters in the Swedish-speaking organisation. Munskänkarna claims to be the world's largest wine tasting organisation.
Activities of Munskänkarna primarily include wine tastings and wine-related courses. The courses are organised much in the same way as those of the Wine & Spirit Education Trust: there are several different levels of progressing difficulty, and both a theoretical and a practical (i.e., blind tasting of wine) test at each level, plus a thesis at the highest level. Munskänkarna in Sweden publishes a magazine (Munskänken) where, among other things, most new wines appearing in the Swedish monopoly wine stores (Systembolaget) are reviewed.
# Mumtaz Mahal (disambiguation)

Mumtaz Mahal (1593–1631) was the wife of Shah Jahan, an emperor of the Mughal Empire.
Mumtaz Mahal may also refer to:
* Mumtaz Mahal (Red Fort), in Dehli, India
* Mumtaz Mahal (horse) (1921–1945), Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare
* Mumtaz Mahal (film), a 1944 Hindi film
* Mumtaz Mahal (album), a 1995 album by Taj Mahal, N. Ravikiran and Vishwa Mohan Bhatt
# Joris Oprins

Joris Oprins (born 1980, Tilburg) is an animation director. He studied at the Design Academy Eindhoven in the Netherlands. He graduated in 2003. In 2005 he worked as an animator on the stop motion children series Miffy at studio Pedri in Ankeveen. In 2007 he co-founded animation studio Job, Joris & Marieke together with Job Roggeveen and Marieke Blaauw. Job, Joris & Marieke works on commissioned work, music videos and short animated films.
In 2013 they released their animated short film MUTE. MUTE won, among others, the Grand Prix and the audience award at the Holland Animation Film Festival in 2013.
In 2014 the City of Utrecht commissioned Job, Joris & Marieke to make the short film/music video Bon Voyage! This film was to promote the start of the Tour de France in Utrecht in 2015. The title song Bon Voyage! was composed by Dutch singer songwriter Blaudzun
In 2015 their short animation film A Single Life was nominated for the Academy Award for best animated short film. The film was also nominated for the Cartoon d’Or and has won 15 international prizes.
In 2015 they made the short animation film (Otto). (Otto) is the official Dutch entry for the Academy Award for best animated short film. The film had its international premiere at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival.
Their 2024 film Quota (Quotum) premiered at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention for the Best International Short Film award.
# Diffuse lamellar keratitis

Diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) is a sterile inflammation of the cornea which may occur after refractive surgery, such as LASIK. Its incidence has been estimated to be 1 in 500 patients, though this may be as high as 32% in some cases.

## Signs and symptoms

Patients typically present within one week of surgery with eye pain, photophobia, conjunctivitis, or excessive tear production.

## Risk factors

DLK is predominantly associated with Lasik, as the creation of a flap creates a potential space for cells to accumulate. Individuals with atopic conditions with pre-existing allergic conjunctivitis, or ocular rosacea, are more prone to developing the condition after surgery. Some authors have reported that moderate to severe eye allergies and chronic allergic conjunctivitis are an absolute contraindication to the LASIK procedure. This is in distinction to findings of earlier studies. Keratitis can also occur after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), although because it occurs in the setting of infection, it is distinct from the sterile infiltrates of DLK. DLK can also occur following myopic keratomileusis, in which a disc of corneal tissue is removed, shaped and sutured back into place, although this technique is more historical, having been replaced by Lasik and PRK.

## Pathology

DLK is usually seen after refractive surgery. Neutrophils infiltrate the corneal stroma in a diffuse, multifocal pattern. Infiltration is confined to the surgical flap interface with no posterior or anterior extension, and overlying epithelium most often remains intact. As it is a sterile process, cultures based on swab tests are negative.

## Diagnosis
### Stages

There are 4 stages of disease, with stage 4 being the rarest and most severe.
* Stage 1 Cells infiltrate the periphery of the flap, without involving central cornea.
* Stage 2 Peripheral cells migrate to the center of the cornea, and impair vision; presentation is usually 2 to 3 days after surgery.
* Stage 3 Cells at the central cornea form clumps of dense cell aggregates.
* Stage 4 Otherwise known as central toxic keratopathy, stage 4 characteristically has no inflammatory cells at the anterior chamber or cornea, but there is central stromal necrosis, and the cornea becomes opacified; onset is usually 3 to 9 days after refractive surgery.

## Treatment

Depending on severity, therapies may range from topical or oral anti-inflammatories to irrigation and surgical repair.
# Mottled-tailed shrew mouse

The mottled-tailed shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys fuscus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
# Smålänningen

Smålänningen is a newspaper which is published three days a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) in Kronoberg County and mainly covers news in Ljungby, Markaryd, and Älmhult. The newspaper's head office is located in Ljungby, with local offices in Markaryd and Älmhult. The newspaper was founded in 1921 in Ljungby by Elfrid Dürango. The first edition was published on December 6, 1921. Since 1969 Smålänningen is a part of Hallpress. Smålänningen have a circulation of 12 200 and 34 000 readers.
# Steffen Zeibig

Steffen Zeibig (born 11 June 1977 in Dresden) is a disabled equestrian from Germany. He has been on three silver medal winning teams and won a bronze at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. He is part of the team that will represent Germany in Equestrian at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
# Vandijkophrynus

Vandijkophrynus, also known as Van Dijk's toads, are a small genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. They are native to Southern Africa (southern Namibia, South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini, Zimbabwe, and Mozamibique). The name commemorates Eddie Van Dijk, a South African herpetologist.
Originally, all Vandijkophrynus species were included in the genus Bufo as the former "Bufo angusticeps" group.

## Species

The species in this genus are:
* Vandijkophrynus amatolicus (Hewitt, 1925)
* Vandijkophrynus angusticeps (Smith, 1848)
* Vandijkophrynus gariepensis (Smith, 1848)
* Vandijkophrynus inyangae (Poynton, 1963)
* Vandijkophrynus nubicola (Hewitt, 1927)
* Vandijkophrynus robinsoni (Branch and Braack, 1996)
# Varna Zoo

Varna Zoo is located within the Sea Garden in Varna, Bulgaria. It is neighbouring the Dolphinarium and the Museum of Natural History. The first animals in the zoo were the bear 'Maxim', a gift from sailors of the minesweeper "G. Dimitrov" in 1956, and the red deer 'Longos'. Today the zoo houses 60 species of animals, with more than 300 individuals, of which 17 protected kinds of birds and animals, written in the Red Book of Bulgaria for protected species.

## History

Varna Zoo was built between 1958-1961 and opened on 30 April 1961. Architect Bistra Markova laid out the animal houses together with K. Karakashev and with the support from the major at that time, Nikolay Boyadzhiev.
Until the bear house was built in 1958, the bear Maxim had been tied to a tree. The lakes were populated with Rose pelicans. By 1974, the zoo received animals from the Sofia Zoo and foreign zoos, including kangaroos, lamas, panthers, penguins, swans from Berlin and other. By 1994 there were around 50 animal species. The oldest animals were Martin, a 24-years old camel, and the bears Martin and Marga, born in 1972.

## Recent development

Since 2007 the zoo is acting as an animal rescue centre and by 2013 more than 100 protected birds had been cured and returned to their natural habitat with the support of other local institutions.
# Vanessa Rare

Vanessa Rare is a New Zealand film and television actress, screenwriter and director. She is of Ngāti Pu, Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Pukenga and Ngāpuhi iwi descent.

## Career

Rare's screen debut was as Rata in the 1990 comedy film Ruby and Rata. She has acted in a number of movies, as well as holding an extended role on the soap opera Shortland Street as Te Hana Hudson from 2001 to 2005.
In the 1990s Rare studied literature and television and film studies at the University of Auckland and began to write and direct television series and short films.

## Recognition

In 2003 Rare was nominated for Best Script, Single Episode of a Drama Series or Serial for Mataku at the New Zealand Television Awards. In 2014 she was nominated for Best Supporting Actress for The Z-Nail Gang at the New Zealand Film Awards.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Genre |
| 1990 | Ruby and Rata | Rata | Feature film |
| 1991 | Te Rua | Helen Marangai | Feature film |
| 1997 | Koa means "Joy" | Director and screenwriter | Short film |
| 2001–2005 | Shortland Street | Te Hana Hudson | Television series |
| 2002–2005 | Mataku | Screenwriter | Television series |
| 2003 | Pikowae | Director and screenwriter | Short film |
| 2014 | The Z-Nail Gang | Aunty | Feature film |
| 2020 | The Sounds | Pania Cottle | Series |
| 2023 | The Gone | Wiki Huia | Series |
# Keski-Lahti

Keski-Lahti ("Central Lahti") is the 1st district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland. It covers the downtown areas of the city, circling the Market Square. It borders the districts of Niemi in the north, Kiveriö in the northeast, Paavola and Möysä in the east, Asemantausta in the south, Hennala and Sopenkorpi in the west and Kartano in the northwest.
The combined population of the statistical districts of Ydinkeskusta and Pohjoinen keskusta, approximately covering the area of Keski-Lahti, was 12,054 in 2019.
Keski-Lahti has been recorded as the most dangerous district in Finland, with almost 80 homicide cases registered within 20 years.

## History

Upon the destruction of the village of Lahti in the fire of 19 June 1877, an initiative to create the first zoning plan for the area that would become Keski-Lahti was started. Governor of the Häme Province Reinhold von Ammondt travelled to the derelict village on the day after the fire, and with the help of the taxman of the hundred of Hollola, K. Palmgren, took upon the planning of land acquisitions for the purpose of establishing a market town. The initiative was closely related to the prior ambitions of founding a city, but this would not happen for some thirty years; instead, Lahti became a market town in 1878, and provincial architect Alfred Caween's proposal for the first zoning plan was completed in the same year. It consisted of 22 blocks, and was 43 hectares in area and rectangular in shape. The overall character of the plan is still present in the current layout of Keski-Lahti.
# Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment

The Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) is a program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States established to investigate spheromak plasma.
A spheromak device produces a plasma in magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium mainly through self-induced plasma currents, as opposed to a tokamak device which depends on large externally generated magnetic fields. The series of experiments examines the potential for a spheromak device to contain fusion fuel. According to a 1999 abstract,
    The Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, SSPX , will study spheromak physics with particular attention to energy confinement and magnetic fluctuations in a spheromak sustained by electrostatic helicity injection.
# Vanakkam Vathiyare

Vanakkam Vathiyare (transl. Greetings teacher) is a 1991 Indian Tamil language action film directed by Ameerjan. The film stars Karthik and Saranya. It was released on 1 February 1991.

## Plot

Rajappa is a young man who earns his livelihood by engaging in rowdyism. Despite pleas from his mother to stop him from engaging in nefarious activities, Rajappa is adamant on pursuing rowdyism. However when his mother herself becomes a victim of his doings, Rajappa promises his dying mother that he would stop such activities and pursue a different life. He subsequently moves to a village with the intention of leading a quiet, stable life; but on arrival, he realises that the village remains full of terror. The villagers are oppressed by a gangster Malaichami and his family, though honouring his promise to his mother, Rajappa chooses to remain silent. The village's main entrepreneur, Duraisingam, who has been a victim of Malaichami's cruel deeds, requests Rajappa to change his ways and deal with the gangster. However, Rajappa refuses to commit himself and a helpless Duraisingam also gives up on his hope. Meanwhile, the atrocities of Malaichami grow wilder and uglier with every passing day and Rajappa is saddened by the plight of the villagers. He thinks of a way to deal with this terror without breaking his promise.

## Cast

* Karthik as Rajappa
* Saranya as Sundari
* Jaishankar as Duraisingam
* Radharavi as Malaichami
* Anuradha as Rosa
* Typist Gopu
* Thideer Kannaiah
* Gajapathi
* Shailaja
* Dharani
* Saleema
* Kala
* Vaathiyar Raman
* Gundu Kalyanam
* Nagarajachozhan
* Babu Mohan
* Naveen
* Kalyanji
* Master Manuraj
* Senji Krishnan
* MLA Mallliah
* Ravi Varma
* Sivaraman

## Music

The songs was composed by V. R. Sampath Selvam. The background score was composed by A. R. Rahman, in his debut.
# Vanakubja

Vanakubja is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Mustjala Parish.
# Vasai taluka

Vasai taluka is a taluka in Palghar district of Maharashtra an Indian state.

## Palghar district

On 1 August 2014, the talukas of Mokhada, Jawahar, Talasari, Vikramgadh, Wada, Dahanu, Palghar and Vasai were separated from the erstwhile Thane district to form a new district Palghar.

## Demographics

Religions in Vasai taluk (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 78.05% | 78.05% |
| Islam | Islam | 8.45% | 8.45% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 8.25% | 8.25% |
| Buddhism | Buddhism | 2.53% | 2.53% |
| Jainism | Jainism | 1.75% | 1.75% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.59% | 0.59% |
Vasai taluka has a population of 1,343,402 according to the 2011 census. Vasai had a literacy rate of 87.56% and a sex ratio of 893 females per 1000 males. 162,841 (12.12%) are under 7 years of age. 1,230,140 (91.57%) lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3.98% and 7.32% of the population respectively.
Languages of Vasai taluk (2011)
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 49.97% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 24.78% Hindi, 8.60% Gujarati, 2.92% Bhojpuri, 2.52% Urdu, 1.64% Marwari, 1.41% Malayalam, 1.28% Bengali, 1.25% Konkani and 0.93% Kannada as their first language.
# Variator

A variator is a device that can change its parameters, or can change parameters of other devices.
Often a variator is a mechanical power transmission device that can change its gear ratio continuously (rather than in steps).

## Examples

* Beier variable-ratio gear
* Continuously variable transmission
* Evans friction cone
* NuVinci continuously variable transmission
* Variator (variable valve timing)
* Variomatic
* VANOS
# Vasili Popov

Vasili Popov may refer to:
* Vasily Stepanovich Popov (1894–1967), Soviet general
* Vasili Stepanovich Popov (1745–1822), Russian general
* Vasili Popov (politician), Soviet politician who was Minister of Finance of the RSFSR
* Vasily Nikolaevich Popov (b. 1983), Russian poet, interpreter and painter.
# Vladimir Gligorov

Vladimir Gligorov (Macedonian and Serbian: Владимир Глигоров; 24 September 1945 – 27 October 2022) was a Macedonian economist, who worked primarily in Serbia. He was a founder of the Democratic Party in Serbia in December 1989. He was the son of the first President of the Republic of Macedonia, Kiro Gligorov.
Gligorov was born in Belgrade, in the SFR Yugoslavia. He earned his master's degree at the Columbia University and the University of Belgrade working subsequently at both institutions as an assistant. At the University of Belgrade he worked at the Faculty of Political Sciences. He cooperated with the Institute of Economic Sciences in Belgrade until 1991. Gligorov was a Senior Research Associate at The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies. He worked as a lecturer at the University of Vienna and professor at the University of Graz. He was a Visiting Fellow at George Mason University, University of Virginia, Uppsala University and Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen.
Gligorov died in Vienna on 27 October 2022, at the age of 77.
# Southall Drugs

Southall Drugs is a historic commercial building in Florence, Alabama. It was built in 1900 to house the pharmacy of Charles Morton Southall. The pharmacy operated until 1979, and was renovated in 1982 to have loft apartments on the second floor and retail on the ground floor.
The Italianate building sits at the corner of Court and Mobile Streets in the Downtown Florence Historic District. The Rogers Department Store building sits across Mobile Street. The building has a distinctive rounded corner, with a raised parapet containing arched letters "SOUTHALL" mimicking a corner turret. The storefront has a heavy metal cornice supported by four round, fluted columns. Four large display windows and the recessed entry are covered by canvas awnings. The side of the building on the first floor has eight arched windows, the first five of which are shorter and higher to clear the display racks inside. The second floor features arched one-over-one sash windows, one in each bay over the storefront and in every other bay along the side. The bays are separated by brick pilasters, resting on limestone plinths and capped with stamped metal Corinthian capitals. The pilasters support a projecting course of brick, with corbels between the pilasters.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Rolla (Troms)

Rolla (Norwegian) or Rálli (Northern Sami) is an island in Ibestad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The island of Andørja lies to the northeast, the Vågsfjorden lies to the north and west, and the Astafjorden lies to the south. The highest point on the 106-square-kilometre (41 sq mi) island of Rolla is Drangen at a height of 1,022 metres (3,353 ft). The population on Rolla (2001) is 1,078.
Rolla is connected to the neighboring island of Andørja by the undersea Ibestad Tunnel located in Hamnvik. Andørja is then connected to the mainland via the Mjøsund Bridge. There is a ferry connection from Sørrollnes on the western coast to the town of Harstad.
There are two main churches on the island: Ibestad Church in Hamnvik and Sørrollnes Chapel in Sørrollnes.
# Mount Gravatt Cemetery and Crematorium

The Mount Gravatt Cemetery and Crematorium is a cemetery and crematorium located at 620 Mains Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Australia. It is operated by the City of Brisbane.

## History

The cemetery opened in 1918 and the crematorium in 1999.

## Burial and cremation options

Unlike many cemeteries in Brisbane, Mount Gravatt is still open with new burial sites available. The cemetery offers lawn and lawn beam memorials and traditional headstones. Ashes can be placed in niches, or buried or scattered in gardens.

## Notable people

Notable people buried at Mount Gravatt include:
* Roy Armstrong, politician
* Felix Dittmer, politician
* Alfred Dohring, politician
* Kevin Hooper, politician
* Clive Hughes, politician
* Alec Lamont, politician
* Robert Nimmo, soldier
* James Toohey, prospector

## War graves

The cemetery contains war graves of six Commonwealth service personnel of World War II.

## Gallery

* Mount Gravatt Cemetery, seen from Mains Road through a fence (2018).
* Mount Gravatt Cemetery (2019).
# Vohwinkel Schwebebahn

Vohwinkel Schwebebahn station is the western terminal of the Wuppertal Schwebebahn. It contains the station, a loop for the train to turn around, the depot with a second loop, and the three-storied main works for maintenance and repair.
Vohwinkel Schwebebahn is km zero of the 13.3 km long track to the eastern terminal, Oberbarmen.
During the renovations that took place between 1999 and 2014, the old passenger station was torn down in 2007 and replaced.

## Transportation hub

The railway station, Wuppertal-Vohwinkel, that had been initially adjacent was in 1908 moved about 300 m east and is accessible by foot. Public transportation by bus provides connections to Solingen, Mettman, Haan, Hilden, and Düsseldorf, among others. The Solingen connection is by trolleybus.