# Timeline of Essen

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Essen, Germany.

## Prior to 19th century

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* 845 – Essen Abbey founded (approximate date).
* 971 – Mathilde, granddaughter of Otto I becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
* 1012 – Sophia, daughter of Otto II becomes abbottess of the Essen Stift.
* 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
* 1244 – The association of the ministeriales of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of Essen arrange for the Essen town walls [de] to be erected.
* 1316 – Essen Minster (church) dedicated.
* 1390 – Essener Schützenverein (militia) formed.
* 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.
* 1736 – Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
* 1797 – G. D. Baedeker Verlag [de] bookseller in business.

## 19th century

* 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
* 1803
** Essen Abbey secularized.
** Franz Dinnendahl builds steam engine.
* 1810 – Krupp foundry in business.
* 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia.
* 1822 – Town becomes part of the Rhine Province.
* 1841 – Simon Hirschland Bank in business.
* 1847 – Essen-Bergeborbeck station opens.
* 1849 – Population: 8,813.
* 1851 – Zollverein Coal Mine begins operating.
* 1862 – Essen Hauptbahnhof and Essen-Borbeck station open.
* 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.
* 1870 – Synagogue consecrated.
* 1871 – Town becomes part of the German Empire.
* 1872 – Neu-Westend developed.
* 1873 – Villa Hügel (Krupp residence) built.
* 1875 – Population: 54,790.
* 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
* 1881
** Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
** Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (journal of city history) begins publication.
* 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.
* 1892 – City Theatre opens.
* 1893
** Electric tram begins operating.
** Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate headquartered in Essen.
* 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
* 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.

## 20th century
### 1900s–1940s

* 1901
** Folkwang Museum founded.
** Heinrich Koppers AG in business.
* 1905 – Population: 229,270.
* 1906
** Essen Art Museum founded.
** Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
* 1908 – Moltkeviertel development begins.
* 1913
** New Synagogue built.
** Albrecht's shop in business (later Aldi chain supermarket).
* 1920 – Consulate of Poland opens.
* 1922 – Uhlenkrugstadion (stadium) built.
* 1923
** Rot-Weiss Essen football club active.
** French troops enter the city.
* 1924 – Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
* 1925 – Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.
* 1927 – Grugapark Botanical Garden and Folkwang School for the arts open.
* 1928 – Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens.
* 1929 – Werden becomes part of city.
* 1932 – Zollverein Mine Shaft 12 built.
* 1933 – Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
* 1936 – Consulate of Poland relocated to Düsseldorf.
* 1937 – Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
* 1939 – Stadion an der Hafenstraße (stadium) built.
* 1942 – March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces begins.
* 1944
** 2 January: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Russians and Poles.
** 17 May: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp converted into a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp.
** August: Humboldtstraße subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Jewish women.
* 1945
** March: Schwarze Poth and Humboldtstraße subcamps of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.
** March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces ends.
* 1946 – City becomes part of North Rhine-Westphalia.
* 1948
** Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
** Labour strike.
* 1949
** Essen I, Essen II, and Essen III parliamentary districts created.
** Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.

### 1950s–1990s

* 1951 – Amerikahaus built.
* 1957 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen founded.
* 1958 – Grugahalle sports arena opens.
* 1961 – Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens.
* 1962 – City hosts the 1962 European Judo Championships.
* 1965
** City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).
** Little Theatre founded.
* 1968 – Essen Motor Show begins.
* 1975 – Kettwig becomes part of city.
* 1979 – Essen City Hall built.
* 1983 – Spiel, world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
* 1988 – Aalto Theatre opens.
* 1989 – Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
* 1991 – Offener Kanal Essen television begins broadcasting.
* 1993 – City hosts the 1993 World Fencing Championships.
* 1994 – Stratmanns Theater Europahaus opens.
* 1996 – GOP Varieté Essen theatre opens.
* 1997 – Red Dot Design Museum active.
* 1999
** ThyssenKrupp conglomerate headquartered in city.
** Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
* 2000 – SGS Essen football club formed.

## 21st century

* 2001 – Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
* 2002 – Abu Ali group, a jihadist cell with plans to bomb Jewish sites in Germany was arrested by the authorities
* 2003 – University of Duisburg-Essen established.
* 2009 – Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
* 2010 – City designated that year's European Capital of Culture on behalf of the entire Ruhr area.
* 2012
** Stadion Essen (stadium) opens.
** Population: 566,862.
* 2014 – June: Storm.
* 2017 - City designated that year's European Green Capital.