OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Understatement

Understatement is an expression of lesser strength than what the speaker or writer actually means or than what is normally expected. It is the opposite of embellishment or exaggeration, and is used for emphasis, irony, hedging, or humor. A particular form of understatement using negative syntax is called litotes. This is not to be confused with euphemism, where a polite phrase is used in place of a harsher or more offensive expression.
Understatement may also be called underexaggeration to denote lesser enthusiasm. Understatement also merges the comic with the ironic, as in Mark Twain’s comment, “The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated.”

## Use by the English

Understatement often leads to litotes, rhetorical constructs in which understatement is used to emphasize a point. It is a staple of humour in English-speaking cultures. For example, in Monty Python's The Meaning of Life, an Army officer has just lost his leg. When asked how he feels, he looks down at his bloody stump and responds, "Stings a bit."
The well-known Victorian critique of Cleopatra's behaviour as exemplified in Sarah Bernhardt's performance in Antony and Cleopatra: "How different, how very different, from the home life of our own dear Queen!".
In April 1951, during the Battle of the Imjin River of the Korean War, 650 British fighting men – soldiers and officers from the 1st Battalion, the Gloucestershire Regiment – were deployed on the most important crossing on the river to block the traditional invasion route to Seoul. The Chinese had sent an entire division – 10,000 men – to smash the isolated Glosters aside in a major offensive to take the whole Korean peninsula, and the small force was gradually surrounded and overwhelmed. After two days' fighting, an American, Major General Robert H Soule, asked the British brigadier, Thomas Brodie: "How are the Glosters doing?" The brigadier, schooled in Britain and thus British humour, replied: "A bit sticky, things are pretty sticky down there." To American ears, this did not sound desperate, and so he ordered them to stand fast. Only 40 Glosters managed to escape.
During the Kuala-Lumpur-to-Perth leg of British Airways Flight 9 on 24 June 1982, volcanic ash caused all four engines of the Boeing 747 aircraft to fail. Although pressed for time as the aircraft rapidly lost altitude, Captain Eric Moody still managed to make an announcement to the passengers: "Ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking. We have a small problem. All four engines have stopped. We are doing our damnedest to get them going again. I trust you are not in too much distress."
# Heinz Bauer (publisher)

Heinz Heinrich Bauer (born 28 October 1939) is a German billionaire publisher. He is the grandson of Johann Andreas Ludolph Bauer, who founded the Bauer Media Group.

## Early life

After school, he trained as a compositor and printer.

## Career

On the death of his father Alfred Bauer in 1984, Heinz Bauer held 96% of the shares. In 2006, he had an estimated net worth of US$1.9 billion.
As a shareholder of the Terms mortgages Rheinboden (AHBR) he turned in 2006 to its sale to the US company Lone Star and criticized in this context, the Federal Financial (BaFin).
In 2007, Bauer bought Emap, one of UK's biggest consumer magazine and radio groups, for £1.14 billion. He mostly acquired the company for its radio business.
In 2010, he transferred 85% of his shares to his youngest daughter Yvonne Bauer, and 5% to each of her older sisters, Mirja, Nicola and Saskia.

## Personal life

Bauer and his wife Gudrun have four daughters. Mirja Bauer was editor of the magazine Life & Style. Her husband, the publishing manager Sven-Olof Reimers, has worked as Director of Digital KG in the Bauer Media Group. Yvonne Bauer leads since April 2007, Bauer Media Group, the publisher, she is since 2010. Nicola Bauer is the editor of the magazine InTouch. The youngest daughter Saskia Bauer heads the foreign West.
Bauer and his wife Gudrun donate to charitable causes, particularly the initiative "Riding Against Hunger", Welthungerhilfe.
# Madog Fychan

Madog Fychan was a member of the family of Princes of Powys Fadog, though he never gained the title, being brother of Gruffydd Maelor II. He was an ally to Dafydd ap Llywelyn in his campaign to attack English possessions in Wales in 1245 and sided with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd in 1258 in his claim to the title of Prince of Wales. He died in December 1269.

## Ancestry and Ambiguity

Some sources cite Madog Fychan ap Madog ap Gruffydd, also known as Madog Fychan, as the brother of Gruffydd Maelor II and grandson of Gruffydd Maelor I, Prince of Powys Fadog, existing c.1230–1269. Other genealogical tables insert another generation lower down with Madog Fychan as son of Madog Crypl (c. 1275–1304/6). However, it is more likely that Madog Crypl's son was Gruffydd, who was succeeded by Gruffydd Fychan II, the father of Owain Glyndŵr.
# Maccastorna

Maccastorna (Lodigiano: Macastùrna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Lodi.
Sights include a 13th-14th-century castle and the c. 12th-century parish church (largely renovated in the 20th century).
Maccastorna borders the following municipalities: Crotta d'Adda, Meleti, Castelnuovo Bocca d'Adda. As of 2011, it is the 11th least-populated Italian commune.
# New Capitol Cinemas

New Capitol Cinemas is a cinema chain in Botswana.
New Capitol Cinemas opened Botswana's first cineplex in 2002, as a four-screen cinema complex in the Riverwalk Shopping Mall in Gaborone East. In the same year, New Capitol Cinemas also opened a nine-screen cineplex at the Game Shopping Mall in Gaborone West. One of the consortium members was Rizwan K. Desai, son of Abdul Kadir Desai, the businessman who had earlier owned the Capitol Cinema in the Mall.
In 2017 another New Capitol Cinemas was announced, at the Acacia Mall in Phakalane. A Platinum Lounge, delivering restaurant food to cinema-goers, was opened there in 2019.
# Staphylotoxin

A staphylotoxin can be any of these toxins produced by Staphylococcus bacteria:
* Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin
* Staphylococcus aureus beta toxin
* Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin
* Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
* Exfoliatin
* Panton-Valentine leukocidin
* Toxic shock syndrome toxin
# Simhallsbadet

Simhallsbadet may refer to:
* Simhallsbadet, Malmö, a swimming complex in Malmö, Sweden, 1988–2015 known as Aq-va-kul
* Simhallsbadet, Helsingborg, swimming venue in Helsingborg, Sweden
# Verdi, Minnesota

Verdi is an unincorporated community located in Verdi Township, Lincoln County, Minnesota, United States. The altitude is 1,762 feet (537 metres). Verdi is seen on the Verdi US Geological Survey Map.

## History

Verdi was platted in 1879. It was named in honor of composer Giuseppe Verdi, and from the fact in Italian, verd means "green". A post office was established at Verdi in 1879, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1997.
Residents of the town pronounce it "Verd-eye" rather than "Verd-ee."
# Stephen Thega

Stephen Thega (9 February 1946 – 28 September 2021) was a Kenyan boxer.
He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Thega died from COVID-19 in 2021.
# Underclass All-American

Underclass All-American is an honorific for high school and college athletes for excellence in competition. The athletes recognized with this title are considered the best players of a specific season in their sport that are members of a given class other than the senior class. These athletes are considered All-Americans for their class and are termed Junior All-Americans, Sophomore All-Americans and Freshman All-Americans or All-Freshman, All-Sophomore and All-Junior honorees.

## High school basketball

Annually, ESPN HS (formerly ESPN RISE) selected 30 juniors, 20 sophomores, and 10 freshmen as boys' high school basketball Underclass All-Americans. MaxPreps.com also chooses annual underclass All-American teams. These teams were called the Junior All-American Team, the Sophomore All-American Team and the Freshman All-American Team.

## High school football

ESPN HS chooses 25 non-senior high school football players as its Underclass All-Americans. MaxPreps selects an Underclass All-American team for juniors, sophomores, and freshmen, naming a national player of the year for each grade.

## College basketball

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's college basketball Freshman All-American teams are chosen annually by rotating selectors. For the 2011–12 NCAA Division I season, Sporting News chose a Freshman All-American team. For the 2010–11 season, Collegeinsider.com chose a Freshman All-American team.

## College football

College Football News (CFN) chooses annual NCAA Division I men's college football Freshman All-American teams that it calls All-Freshman teams. In some years, CFN has chosen NCAA Division I men's college football Sophomore All-American teams. ESPN, 247Sports, Pro Football Focus, FWAA, Maxwell Football Club, On3 and The Athletic also publish Freshman All-American selections.

## College baseball

Collegiate Baseball presents the annual NCAA Division I men's college baseball Louisville Slugger Freshmen All-American team.
# Heinz Baumann

Heinz Baumann may refer to:
* Heinz Baumann (actor) (born 1928), German actor
* Heinz Hubert Baumann (1946–2010), German priest
# Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor

Madog ap Gruffudd, or Madog ap Gruffudd Maelor, was a Prince of Powys Fadog from 1191 to 1236 in north-east Wales, and Lord of Powys. He was the founder of Valle Crucis Abbey in the Lordship of Yale.

## Early life

He was elder son of Prince Gruffydd Maelor and his wife, Angharad, a daughter of King Owain Gwynedd. He succeeded his father jointly with his brother, Owen, in 1191 and on Owen's death in 1197 became the sole ruler of Powys north of the River Rhaeadr and the Afon Tanat.
Madog consolidated the possessions of his father, Prince Gruffudd Maelor, and the territory he ruled became known as Powys Fadog (Fadog in Welsh is a lenited form of his name, Madog) in his honour, the remainder of the old kingdom formed Powys Wenwynwyn. After his death in 1236, this area—comprising Welsh and English Maelor, Ial (Yale), Cynllaith, Nanheudwy and Mochnant Is Rhaeadr—was still referred to as Powys Fadog although it was divided up between his five sons.
Madog was close to his cousin, prince Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, initially, but gradually distanced himself and also kept aloof from 1212 when his cousin had managed to reform the Welsh Confederacy and looked instead to King John of England, in whose pay he was, as an official ally of the English king. By 1215 he decided to ally with his cousin and remained so.

## Establishment of and burial at Valle Crucis Abbey

On 28 January 1201, Madog founded the Cistercian abbey of Valle Crucis Abbey, Llangollen, Wales. The abbey was founded with monks from nearby Strata Marcella abbey.
He is buried at Valle Crucis Abbey in the abbey church, as are several of Madog's descendants. The exact site of his burial is unknown.
He is an ancestor of Owain Glyndŵr, Prince of Wales.

## Marriage and children

He had married Esyllt (Isolda). He had issue:
* Gruffudd Maelor II, who succeeded his father,
* Gruffudd Iâl, died 1238
* Maredudd, died 1256
* Hywel, died 1268
* Madog Fychan, died 1269
* Angharad.
# Maccan River (Nova Scotia)

The Maccan River is a small tidal river contained completely within Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. The river terminates at the confluence of River Hebert at Amherst Point, and empties into the Cumberland Basin. The river's tidal bore may be viewed from the Tidal Wetlands Park in Maccan. According to estimates by the Province of Nova Scotia, there are 9,092 people resident within the Maccan/Kelly/Hebert watershed in 2011.
Tributaries include the Nappan River, Patton Creek, St. Georges Brook, and Kennedy Creek. The river passes through the communities of Maccan and Athol, Nova Scotia. The word Maccan is derived from the Miꞌkmaq word 'Maakan' meaning a good place for fishing.
The main line of the Canadian National Railway follows the Maccan River for part of its length.
# New England Small Arms

New England Small Arms Corporation was a consortium of small manufacturers who coordinated their facilities for production of M1918 Browning Automatic Rifles during World War II. The company was an unusual variation of United States conversion of small manufacturing plants from civilian goods to military armaments production. Other manufacturers of this size typically produced firearm components on a subcontract basis for larger prime contractors responsible for assembly and delivery. Boston Wire Stitcher Company of East Greenwich, Rhode Island, A.G.Spalding & Brothers of Chicopee, Massachusetts, Blake Manufacturing Company of Clinton, Massachusetts, International Silver Company of Meriden, Connecticut, National Blank Book Company of Holyoke, Massachusetts, and Elliot Addressing Machine Company of Cambridge, Massachusetts distributed tooling used for M1918 rifle production during World War I by Winchester Repeating Arms and Marlin-Rockwell. Each company manufactured different rifle components and forwarded them for final assembly to a jointly operated facility converted to wartime arms production in Crompton, Rhode Island. The corporation was created for M1918 rifle production and dissolved as members of the consortium returned to pre-war production when wartime procurement contracts were canceled. The firm produced 188,380 M1918 rifles, or 90% of the total wartime production of 208,380.
# Gilbertiodendron preussii

Gilbertiodendron preussii is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae, native to tropical rain forests in West Africa. It is commonly known as the Liberian red oak.

## Description

Gilbertiodendron preussii is a medium to large tree reaching a height of up to 35 m (115 ft). The trunk is cylindrical, with a diameter of up to 120 cm (4 ft), the lower two thirds usually being devoid of branches. The timber is used for construction, flooring and railway sleepers. It is also used for making canoes, furniture, tool handles and joinery.
# Victor Chikalogwe

Victor Pilirani Chikalogwe is a Malawian LGBT activist and coordinator for the refugee project of PASSOP. He was previously programme coordinator for the orphanage Home of Hope. Chikalogwe initially left Malawi after his family rejected him because of his sexuality, moving to South Africa as there were more LGBT protections in that country.
# Wolf and Sheep

Wolf and Sheep may refer to:
* Wolf and Sheep (film), a 2016 Danish-Afghan drama film
* Wolf and Sheep (album), a 1997 album by H.O.T.
# Ventana, Arizona

Ventana is a census-designated place in Pima County, in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was 52 at the 2020 census. The place takes it name from the Spanish word for "window" and is located in the northeastern part of the Tohono O'odham Nation reservation.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of 1.037 square miles (2.69 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

At the 2020 census there were 52 people, 16 households, and 10 families living in the CDP. The population density was 50 people per square mile. There were 30 housing units.
The median household income was $20,587. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,461.
# Post Oak, Putnam County, Tennessee

Post Oak is an unincorporated community in Putnam County, Tennessee, United States.
# Robert Krimmer

Robert Krimmer (born November 24, 1953) is an American lawyer and former actor. Formerly known professionally as Wortham Krimmer (his first wife's maiden name as his first name), Krimmer has reverted to his birth name of Robert Krimmer.
With appearances on St. Elsewhere, Hill Street Blues, and the soap operas, Knots Landing and Days of Our Lives, Krimmer is best known by soap fans as Reverend Andrew Carpenter on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live. He is also known for playing the mad Emperor Cartagia in the 4th season of the science fiction series Babylon 5. In addition, he was featured on the Showtime drama The Paper Chase for the second, third and final seasons as Zeiss, a student and member of the Law Review, and on Family Medical Center (1988–1989) as Dr. Alexander Raines.
Prior to his acting career, Krimmer attended the JD/MBA program at University of California Hastings College of Law and Berkeley. He left the program upon being offered a scholarship to the American Conservatory Theater (ACT) MFA Program. After completing the three-year program at ACT, Krimmer pursued an acting career that spanned 27 years. Following his acting career Krimmer returned to law school, attending classes at Santa Barbara & Ventura Colleges of Law on a part-time basis while working as a paralegal during the day. He graduated valedictorian and then passed the California bar exam on his first try. Following law school he began work as an attorney.
Krimmer has been married to Chris LaValle since 2009 and has two children from a previous marriage.
# Walter Schneider

Walter Schneider may refer to:
* Walter Schneider (bass), German operatic bass
* Walter Schneider (ice hockey), Austrian ice hockey player
* Walter Schneider (motorcyclist) (1927–2010), German motorcyclist
* Walter Schneider (swimmer), Swiss swimmer
* Walter Schneider (aeronautical engineer), German aeronautical engineer
* Walter-Erich Schneider (1909–1987), German military officer
# Saint-Germain-de-Livet

Saint-Germain-de-Livet (French pronunciation: ) is a commune south of Lisieux in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

## History

The famous chateau at Saint-Germain-de-Livet, now open to the public, was built by the Tournebu (later Tournebu-de-Livet) family between 1561 and 1578.
# Victor Chavez (businessman)

Victor Manuel Chavez CBE (born 19 January 1963) is the Chief Executive of Thales UK, a main electronics and defence company in the UK. Thales UK employs around 7,500 people.

## Early life

Born in Barrow-in-Furness, Chavez was educated at Barrow Grammar School for Boys, after which he gained a degree in physics from the University of York in 1984. From the University of Surrey he gained an MSc in Satellite Engineering & Telecommunications in 1993.

## Career
### Thales

He joined the company in 1999. He became Chief Executive of Thales UK (Thales Holdings UK) on 1 January 2011. He had been Deputy Chief Executive for three years previously. Thales UK is involved in sonar, radar, and avionics. It makes most of the UK's aircraft simulators in Crawley in West Sussex. Thales Air Defence in Belfast makes helicopter-launched missiles. Thales has 67,000 employees in 56 countries.
He is a board member of techUK (trade association) and EngineeringUK (previously the Engineering and Technology Board). He is a co-chairman of the Information Economy Council.

## Personal life

He was appointed a CBE in the 2015 New Year Honours. He grew up in Barrow-in-Furness, and now lives in Hampshire. He married in September 1992 in Cumbria, and has two daughters, born June 1994 and May 1997.
# Wolf at the Door

Wolf at the Door may refer to:
* Wolf at the Door (album), a 1991 album by Walter "Wolfman" Washington
* A Wolf at the Door (film), a 2013 Brazilian film
* The Wolf at the Door, a 1986 Danish-French film
* The Wolf at the Door: A Poetic Cycle, a book by Bogomil Ǵuzel
* "A Wolf at the Door", a song by Radiohead from Hail to the Thief
* "Wolf at the Door", a song by Keane
# Shrewley Tunnel

Shrewley Tunnel is a canal tunnel near Shrewley, Warwickshire, England, which opened in 1799. It became part of the Grand Union Canal in 1929.

## History

The Warwick and Birmingham Canal Company obtained an Act of Parliament in March 1793, which authorised the construction of a 22.6-mile (36.4 km) canal from the Digbeth Branch Canal of the Birmingham Canal Navigations to Warwick, where it would end at Saltisford Wharf. The plans showed three tunnels, at Shrewley, Rowington and Yardley, but as construction progressed, the last two became deep cuttings. This was not an option at Shrewley, as the route passed under the village. The plans also specified that the tunnel would be suitable for boats but not barges, implying that it would have been suitable for 7-foot (2.1 m) narrow boats, common on the Birmingham system, but not for wider craft. However, construction of the Grand Junction Canal, which would provide a link to London, was started at a similar time, and the committee wisely took the decision in April 1794 to increase the width of the tunnel to 16 feet (4.9 m), allowing wide barges to pass through it. The width of the bridge holes was similarly increased to 21 feet (6.4 m) in May.
The tunnel is 433 yards (396 m) long, built of brick and is wide enough for two narrow boats to pass each other, although it has no towpath inside. It officially opened on 19 December 1799 when the rest of the Warwick and Birmingham Canal was completed, although no trading took place until the following March. It became part of the Grand Union Canal in 1929 following the amalgamation of the canal company with several others, including the Grand Junction.
There are actually two tunnels: at the northern portal, the towpath splits off and rises on a ramp and then enters a tunnel of its own, until it reaches the road which crosses the tunnel; having crossed this the path then descends on another ramp to reach the southern portal. The interior of the tunnel is unusually wet and this has led to the creation of flowstone formations.

## Location

The tunnel runs from the south-east to the north-west. From the northern portal, the canal is level for 6.5 miles (10.5 km) to the bottom of a flight of five locks at Knowle, which raise the level of the canal by 41.8 feet (12.7 m). Kingswood Junction, which connects to the Stratford-upon-Avon Canal occurs about halfway along this stretch. To the south, the canal is level for around 1.7 miles (2.7 km) to Hatton Top Lock, the first of a flight of 21 locks which drop the level by 146.5 feet (44.7 m) to reach Warwick.

## Coordinates

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
| Point | Coordinates (Links to map resources) | OS Grid Ref |
| North portal | 52°18′14″N 1°41′22″W﻿ / ﻿52.303871°N 1.689460°W﻿ / 52.303871; -1.689460﻿ (North portal) | SP211673 |
| Mid-point | 52°18′09″N 1°41′15″W﻿ / ﻿52.302598°N 1.687555°W﻿ / 52.302598; -1.687555﻿ (Mid-point) | SP213672 |
| South portal | 52°18′05″N 1°41′08″W﻿ / ﻿52.301325°N 1.685650°W﻿ / 52.301325; -1.685650﻿ (South portal) | SP214671 |
# Umsaskis Lake

Umsaskis Lake is a lake on the Allagash River in the North Maine Woods region of Maine.
It is located in Aroostook County and lies approximately 27 miles (43 km) from the Canada-U.S. border.
The lake is on the Northern Forest Canoe Trail.