OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Raoul Daufresne de la Chevalerie

Lieutenant-General Raoul Daufresne de la Chevalerie (17 March 1881 – 25 November 1967) was a Belgian sportsman and commander of the Free Belgian forces during the Second World War. He was born in Bruges and died in Uccle.

## Sporting career

He was a football player for Cercle Brugge from 1903 until 1907. In his last 2 years at Cercle, he was also president of the team, succeeding Leon De Meester. His player career and presidency at Cercle Brugge ended abruptly when he moved to Cercle's rivals, Club Brugge to become a member of the board as well as a player for the blue and black side.
But football wasn't the only sport Raoul Daufresne de la Chevalerie was practising. He was also an equestrian and he played hockey and tennis. At the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Daufresne de la Chevalerie was coach of the Belgian football team. He also represented Belgium as hockey player (winning the bronze medal) at these Olympics.

## World War II

During the military mobilisation of Belgium in 1939, he was appointed to command the 17th Division. After the Germans occupied Belgium he was captured, but quickly released.
He fled from Belgium to Great Britain, where he was given command of the Free Belgian land forces with the rank of Lieutenant General. After the war ended, he was briefly a military attaché to Czechoslovakia, and subsequently retired from the military.
# Ostrya knowltonii

Ostrya knowltonii is a species of tree known by the common names Knowlton's hophornbeam, western hophornbeam, woolly hophornbeam, and wolf hophornbeam. It is also one of many trees called ironwood. It is native to Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in the United States, but its distribution is localized and sporadic.
This plant is a tree that grows to 9 to 12 m in maximum height. The trunk is short and it divides into many crooked branches. The crown is rounded. The bark is brownish gray and furrowed into scales or strips. The leaves are up to 6.3 cm long and have serrated edges. Male and female flowers are borne in separate catkins, the male up to 3 cm long and the female up to one. The fruit is a nutlet.
This plant grows in the American Southwest, including the rims of the Grand Canyon. It grows in oak woodlands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and Ponderosa pine forests. It occurs in sunny, dry locations.
The wood of the tree is hard and tough, and it can be used to make durable items such as fence posts and tool handles.
# Matthew Arnold (disambiguation)

Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) was an English poet and cultural critic.
Matthew Arnold may also refer to:

## Other people

* Matt Arnold (born 1961), British television reporter
* Matthew Arnold (director) (born 1974), American film and TV director
* Matt Arnold (baseball) (born 1980), American baseball executive
* Matthew Arnold (cricketer) (born 1988), South African cricketer

## Schools

* Matthew Arnold School, Oxford, a secondary coeducational school and sixth form in Oxford.
* Matthew Arnold School, Staines-upon-Thames, a secondary coeducational school in Staines upon Thames, Surrey.
# Thruster

Thruster may refer to:

## Propulsion devices

A thruster is a propulsive device used by spacecraft and watercraft for station keeping, attitude control, in the reaction control system, or long-duration, low-thrust acceleration.
* Reaction engine

### Spacecraft thrusters

* Rocket engine, using exothermic chemical reactions of the propellant(s)
* Electrohydrodynamic thruster, using ionized air (only for use in an atmosphere)
* Electrostatic ion thruster, using high-voltage electrodes
* Ion thruster, using beams of ions accelerated electrically
* Hall-effect thruster, a type of ion thruster
* Pulsed inductive thruster, a pulsed form of ion thruster
* Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster, electric propulsion using the Lorentz force
* Electrodeless plasma thruster, electric propulsion using ponderomotive force
* Pulsed plasma thruster, using current arced across a solid propellant
* Plasma thruster

### Marine thrusters

* Azimuth thruster, pod underneath a ship, instead of a propeller and rudder
* Bow thruster, or stern thruster, at the bow or the stern of a ship or boat
* Rim-driven thruster, electric motor and propeller combined in single unit
* Underwater Thrusters, electric motor or hydraulic motor and propeller combined in single unit to propel the ROV, AUV or UUV

## Transportation

* Thruster (surfing) is a surfboard fin design
* Shkadov thruster, hypothetical megascale reaction for moving a star

### Vehicles

* Avio Delta Thruster, a Bulgarian ultralight trike design
* Thruster T600 Sprint, a British ultralight aircraft

## Others

* Hurrying, also called 'coal thrusting', a 19th-century profession
* Big Mother Thruster, hard rock band
* Thruster (crossfit), a combination of a front squat and a push press
# PEF Ploufragan

The Pôle Espoirs Football de Ploufragan, based at the Centre Technique Régional Henri Guérin (Henri Guérin Regional Technical Centre), commonly referred to as PEF Ploufragan, is one of the sixteen élite academies of France; only the best players from the Brittany région train there. There are thirteen other élite youth academies in Metropolitan France (Castelmaurou, Châteauroux, Clairefontaine, Liévin, Dijon, Aix-en-Provence, Reims, etc) covering the whole territory.

## History

Located in Ploufragan, Brittany, the facility, known nationally as Pôle Espoirs Football de Ploufragan, began operation in 1997 as a result of an initiative created by former France national football team manager Henri Guérin, whom the centre is named after, and Paul Le Hesran. Like its other regional counterparts, it is a stepping stone for a few of the most promising players. The center did have the honor of training current national team member and former Ligue 1 Player of the Year Yoann Gourcuff.

## Youth development

PEF Ploufragan incorporates the same training methods as Clairefontaine:
* Making the player's movements faster and better
* Linking movements efficiently and wisely
* Using the weaker foot
* Weaknesses in the player's game
* Psychological factors (sports personality tests)
* Medical factors
* Physical tests (beep test)
* Technical skills
* Skill training (juggling the ball, running with the ball, dribbling, kicking, passing and ball control)
* Tactical (to help the ball carrier, to get the ball back, to offer support, to pass the ball and follow the pass, positioning and the movement into space)
The center also provides students with a normal education curriculum, allows them to spend weekends and holidays with their families, and gives them the opportunity to continue training at their local club.

## Notable former players

* Romain Danzé
* Yoann Gourcuff
* Pierre-Yves Hamel
* Vincent Le Goff
* Sylvain Marveaux
* Virgile Reset
* Mamadou Samassa
* Frédéric Sammaritano
* William Stanger
# The Ornithology of Australia

The Ornithology of Australia comprises three volumes (of an uncompleted set) of lithographed, hand-coloured, illustrations of Australian birds with accompanying text. It was authored by Silvester Diggles of Brisbane and was originally issued in 21 parts, each part containing six plates (126 plates in all) with short descriptive letterpress, in imperial quarto format, with the leaves of the plates 39 cm in height. The parts were printed for the author by T.P. Pugh. Altogether, between 1863 and 1875, Diggles, with his niece Rowena Birkett who hand-coloured each plate, produced 325 plates illustrating some 600 Australian birds.
In 1877 Diggles produced what was essentially a two-volume second edition of the previously published work, using 123 of the same plates and renamed Companion to Gould's Handbook, or, Synopsis of the birds of Australia, containing nearly one-third of the whole, or about 220 examples, for the most part from the original drawings, though the spine title was simply Diggles' Ornithology. Volume 1 had 59 plates, volume 2 had 64, printed by Thorne & Greenwell of Brisbane. The title referred to John Gould's 1865 book Handbook to the Birds of Australia.
Diggles lacked the funds to continue publishing the series of lithographs. From 1875 his health began to deteriorate, and he died in 1880. His manuscript and original plates, including those unpublished, were later acquired from Diggles’ son by publishing firm Angus & Robertson which presented them to the Mitchell Library in Sydney. In August 1990 a facsimile edition of The Ornithology of Australia, volume 1, parts 1–7, was published by State Publishing South Australia (ISBN 0-7243-6556-7).
# Jean-Marie Gourio

Jean-Marie Gourio (born 1956) is a French novelist, humorist and screenwriter. He was born in Nérac, Lot-et-Garonne. He won early fame for his column Brèves de comptoir, published in the satirical magazine Hara-Kiri. Compilations of the columns were published annually, and even adapted for the stage.
Gourio has written several novels, starting with his debut novel Autopsie d’un nain (1987). His 1998 novel Chut! was widely praised and won several literary prizes.

## Cinema

Some of his book had been adapted into film.
* 2005 : La vie est à nous !, directed by Gérard Krawczyk (adapted from L'eau des fleurs
In 2014, he write the screenplay of Brèves de comptoir with Jean-Michel Ribes.
# Touch me not

Touch me not is a common name for two unrelated groups of plants:
* Several species in the genus Impatiens (family Balsaminaceae)
* Mimosa pudica (family Fabaceae)

## Other uses

* Touch-Me-Not (Bongseonhwa), a 1956 South Korean film directed by Kim Ki-young
* Touch Me Not (Nu mă atinge), a 2018 film that won the Golden Bear at the Berlinale Berlin Film Festival
* The biblical Latin phrase Noli me tangere which appears in John 20:17 can be translated as "Touch me not"
# Tarra

Tarra may refer to:

## People

* Tarra White (born 1987), actress

## Places

* Tarra-Bulga National Park, a national park in Victoria, Australia
* Tarra, Crete (also "Tarrha"), an ancient city of western Crete
* Tarra River (Colombia), a tributary of the Catatumbo River
* Tarra River (Victoria)
* El Tarra, a municipality in Colombia
# Michele Foschini

Michele Foschini (September 14, 1711 – c. 1770) was an Italian painter, active in a late Baroque style.
He was born in Guardia Sanframondi. He studied under Niccola Maria Rossi, a pupil of Francesco Solimena. He was respected for his quadratura, and painted in both fresco and oil for churches of Naples, and some rooms in the Royal Casino at Portici. He painted frescoes (1732) for the church of the Fathers of San Giovanni di Dio and in (1738) for the ceiling of Santa Maria della Pace both churches in Naples.
# Ostrya japonica

Ostrya japonica, known as East Asian hophornbeam, or Japanese hop-hornbeam, is a species of tree in the Betulaceae family growing to 25 m tall. It is native to Japan, Korea and China. In China, it occurs in temperate forests of southern Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, and Shaanxi provinces at altitudes between 1,000–2,800 metres (3,300–9,200 ft). In Japan it is known as Asada (浅田).
# Mazurka (disambiguation)

Mazurka is a Polish folk dance in triple meter.
Mazurka may also refer to:
* A number of musical compositions, including:
** Mazurkas (Chopin), written by Frédéric Chopin
** Dąbrowski's Mazurka, the national anthem of Poland
* Mazurka (film), 1935 German drama film
* Operation Mazurka, Australian Defence Force's contribution to the Multinational Force and Observers
* "Mazurka" is a variant of toe loop jump in figure skating
# Sherville Huggins

Sherville Alister Huggins (born 22 May 1972) is a former West Indian cricketer. Huggins was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
In February 2006, Huggins played for the United States Virgin Islands in the 2006 Stanford 20/20, whose matches held official Twenty20 status. He made two appearances in the tournament, in a preliminary round victory against Sint Maarten and in a first-round defeat against St Vincent and the Grenadines. He later played for the United States Virgin Islands in their second appearance in the Stanford 20/20 in 2008, making two appearances in a preliminary round victory against St Kitts and in a first-round defeat against Antigua and Barbuda. He captained the team in its four Twenty20 matches, scoring a total of 146 runs at an average of 48.66 and a high score of 51 against St Maarten. He was the team's leading run-scorer in its four Twenty20 appearances, as well as the only United States Virgin Islands player to pass fifty runs in an innings. He also took 3 wickets with the ball, at a bowling average of 20.33 and best figures of 2/17.
# PS Pemuda Jaya

Persatuan Sepakbola Pemuda Jaya (simply known as PS Pemuda Jaya) is an Indonesian football club based in East Jakarta, Jakarta. They currently competes in Liga 3. The establishment of this club was originally only a youth organization during the period of filling the independence of Indonesia
# William Purvis

William Purvis may refer to:
* William Purvis (Blind Willie) (1752–1832), British blind singer-songwriter
* Billy Purvis (1853) (1784–1853), British entertainer and showman
* William H. Purvis (1858–1950), Hawaiian planter
* William Purvis (French horn player) (born 1948), American French horn player and conductor
* William B. Purvis (1838–1914), black inventor and businessman
# Jean-Paul Rössinger

Jean-Paul Rössinger is a Swiss retired slalom canoeist who competed from the early 1950s to the early 1960s. He won five medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with three silvers (C-1 team: 1953; C-2 team: 1953, 1957) and two bronzes (C-2 team: 1951, 1961).
# Magnetic midnight

In the field of astronomy, the magnetic midnight of the North or South Magnetic Pole occurs when the pole is exactly between the sun and an observer on Earth's surface. At that moment, the pole's aurora reaches its largest extent.
Because Earth's magnetic poles do not coincide with its geographical poles—the angle between Earth's rotation axis and magnetic axis is about 11°—magnetic midnight differs from conventional midnight. In most of the United States, magnetic midnight occurs about an hour earlier.
# Tasmanian South East

The Tasmanian South East is an interim Australian bioregion located in the south-eastern region of Tasmania, comprising 1,131,822 hectares (2,796,790 acres).
Much of the region aligns with the Tasmanian temperate forests ecoregion.
# Michael Paul (handballer)

Michael Paul (born 15 April 1961) is a former West German handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics.
He was a member of the West German handball team which won the silver medal. He played five matches and scored seventeen goals.
# Osceola Township, Osceola County, Michigan

Osceola Township is a civil township of Osceola County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 943 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.5 square miles (89.3 km$^2$), of which 34.2 square miles (88.6 km$^2$) is land and 0.3 square mile (0.7 km$^2$) (0.75%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,118 people, 401 households, and 299 families residing in the township. The population density was 32.7 inhabitants per square mile (12.6/km$^2$). There were 543 housing units at an average density of 15.9 per square mile (6.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 95.62% White, 0.98% African American, 1.07% Native American, 0.98% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.
There were 401 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.6% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $36,346, and the median income for a family was $37,375. Males had a median income of $30,781 versus $23,047 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,236. About 4.5% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.
# Maurice Hayward

Sir Maurice Henry Weston Hayward KCSI (2 June 1868 – 31 August 1964) was a British colonial administrator who was the Acting governor of Bombay during the British Raj from 8 December 1923 to 10 December 1923.
Hayward was the son of Rev. Robert Baldwin Hayward. He was educated at Harrow School and at St John's College, Cambridge.
He was knighted in the 1923 Birthday Honours and appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) in the 1923 Birthday Honours.
# Shervashidze

Shervashidze may refer to:
* House of Shervashidze, Chachba, or Chachibaia, a ruling family of the Principality of Abkhazi
* Shervashidze Palace, a ruined structure in the village of Lykhny in Abkhazia/Georgia
* Eristavi-Shervashidze (or Eristavi of Guria), a Georgian noble family and a branch of the Shervashidze

## People

* Aleksandr Shervashidze (1867–1968), Russian painter and scenic designer
* Aslan-Bey Shervashidze, prince of the Principality of Abkhazia in 1808–1810
* Dardin Shervashidze (died 1243), Georgian noble
* George Vladimirovitch Shervashidze (1894-1978), titular Prince of Abkhazia from 1968 to 1978
* Giorgi Mikhailovitch Shervashidze (1846-1918), titular Prince of Abkhazia
* Giorgi Shervashidze (police general) (born 1955), Georgian politician and retired Lieutenant-General of Police
* Kelesh Ahmed-Bey Shervashidze (1747–1808), head of state of the Principality of Abkhazia from the 1780s to 1808
* Mary Eristavi (née Shervashidze; 1888–1986), Georgian aristocrat and Coco Chanel model
* Nikita Georgevitch Shervashidze (1941–2008), Bulgarian politician
* Sefer Ali-Bey Shervashidze, prince of the Principality of Abkhazia in 1810–21
* Zurab Shervashidze, ruler of Abkhazia around 1770–1780
# The Nook

The Nook may refer to:
* The Nook, Shropshire, a United Kingdom location
* The Nook, Isle of Man, an element of race courses
* The Nook (Spring Garden Township, Pennsylvania), a historic home
# Jean-Paul Réti

Jean-Paul Réti (alternative spelling: Jean-Paul Reti) is an artist and sculptor of French and Hungarian descent, established in France.

## Biography

Jean-Paul Réti, born in 1946 in Brașov, Romania, spent part of his school years in Budapest, Hungary, before establishing in Paris, France, in the late 1960s. There, he became a student at Beaux-Arts de Paris, under the supervision of noted French sculptor César. In the 1970s, he developed commissioned sculpture work for artists such as Fernando Botero, Jean-Michel Folon, Jean Dubuffet and Pierre Klossowski. He became a resident of the French Academy in Rome at the Villa Medici from 1978 to 1980, and a recipient of the Prix de Rome. In 1985, he established his workshop permanently in Les Frigos, a squatting art space in Paris, France.

## Work

Inspired by urban life, by radical anarchist political views, and also by botanic phenomena (e.g. roots) and environmental dynamics, the art of Jean-Paul Réti has been often compared to that of the Nouveaux Réalistes, especially through its connections to the work of César Baldaccini. He uses a wide range of sculpting materials, most notably steel, also vegetable fibre. His work features in reputable collections, including the François Pinault Collection.
# Water skiing at the 2022 World Games – Men's tricks

The men's tricks competition in water skiing at the 2022 World Games took place from 14 to 15 July 2022 at the Oak Mountain State Park in Birmingham, United States.

## Competition format

A total of 11 athletes entered the competition. From qualifications the best 6 skiers qualify to final.

## Results
### Qualifications

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Result | Note |
| 1 | Danylo Filchenko | Ukraine | 11140 | Q |
| 2 | Adam Pickos | United States | 11040 | Q |
| 3 | Martin Labra | Chile | 10450 | Q |
| 4 | Martin Kolman | Czech Republic | 10330 | Q |
| 5 | Olivier Fortamps | Belgium | 9810 | Q |
| 6 | Pierre Ballon | France | 9750 | Q |
| 7 | Josh Briant | Australia | 9480 | |
| 8 | Tobías Giorgis | Argentina | 7970 | |
| 9 | Tue Nielsen | Denmark | 7740 | |
| 10 | Patricio Font | Mexico | 6720 | |
| 11 | Nicholas Benatti | Italy | 6700 | |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Result |
| | Adam Pickos | United States | 11290 |
| | Danylo Filchenko | Ukraine | 11140 |
| | Pierre Ballon | France | 10760 |
| 4 | Martin Kolman | Czech Republic | 10230 |
| 5 | Olivier Fortamps | Belgium | 9410 |
| 6 | Martin Labra | Chile | 7230 |
# SM Kamal Hossain

SM Kamal Hossain (born 31 January 1962) is a Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Khulna-3 constituency in 2024.

## Career

Hossain was elected to parliament from Khulna-3 as an Awami League candidate on 7 January 2024.
# Michigan Renaissance Festival

The Michigan Renaissance Festival (Mich Ren Fest) is a Renaissance fair, an interactive outdoor event that focuses on recreating the look and feel of a fictional English village called Hollygrove during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in the latter half of the 16th century. A large number of patrons also regularly attend the festival in costume further fleshing out the streets with nobles, pirates, Vikings, wizards, rogues, wenches, and an assortment of fantasy characters. The festival also includes many nationally known Renaissance festival stage acts, juggling shows, sword fighting shows, lane acts, a two-hour feast performed twice daily, three full contact joust shows performed daily, and activities and games for children of all ages. The festival is owned by Mid-America Festivals.
The 2008 film All's Faire in Love was filmed at the Michigan Renaissance Festival.

## History

The festival began operation in 1979 on grounds adjacent to the Colombiere Center in Clarkston, near the junction of I-75 and Dixie Highway. In 1985, organisers moved the festival to 100 acres (40 ha) of property between I-75 and Dixie Highway, one mile (1.6 km) north of the Mount Holly Ski Resort. Roughly 30 acres (12 ha) have been developed so far for the actual festival site with 15 acres (6.1 ha) of that within the "village" walls and accessible to patrons. The property is accessible to patrons only from Dixie Highway, and includes two large parking areas, two lakes (Horton Lake and Walton Lake), and wetlands. The property is part in Holly Township, Michigan, part in Groveland Township, Michigan, and to honor this the fictional village's name was changed to "Hollygrove". Permanent structures and stages have been built over the years and the festival has been expanded steadily to accommodate an estimated annual attendance of 250,000 people.
In 2020 the fair was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the seasons returned in 2021.

## Atmosphere

The festival recreates an English village of the period, to the point that they recreate the caste system of the time. The cast is divided into groups based on their character's social class. The highest class consists of Queen Elizabeth I and her royal court of nobility and knights. Following them would be the mayor, clergy, rich middle class, and visiting royal dignitaries. The middle class consists of merchants and tradesmen; characters with employment. The lower class consists of farmers, beggars, pirates, actors, and gypsies.