OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nalini Kanta Bhattasali

Nalini Kanta Bhattasali (24 January 1888 – 6 February 1947) was an Indian Bengali historian, archaeologist, numismatist, epigraphist and antiquarian.

## Career

Bhattasali completed his master's degree in 1912. He then joined the Comilla Victoria College as a teacher in history. After that he joined Balurghat High School as its headmaster. In July 1914, he joined Dhaka Museum (later Bangladesh National Museum) as its curator, a position he held until his death in 1947. He wrote reports and research papers on the contribution of important objects to the history and chronology of ancient Bengal. East Bengal (Vanga-Samatata) was his special field of study.
Bhattasali wrote a few books on Bangla literature. A collection of his short stories, "Hashi o Asru" was published in 1915 and his edition of the first book of a unique manuscript of the Krittivasi Ramayan in 1936. He taught Bengali literature, paleography, and history at the University of Dhaka.
# Mountain stream

A mountain stream is a brook or stream, usually with a steep gradient, flowing down a mountainside. Its swift flow rate often transports large quantities of rock, gravel, soil, wood or even entire logs with the stream. The main characteristic of mountain streams in the Alpine region is their steep gradient and sharply varying rates of flow within a short period of time, as a result of snowmelt and sudden storms. Streams of such nature are rarer in gently rolling countryside, although they may occur on scarp slopes where, although the height difference is not so great, they tend to have a larger catchment area than mountain streams.
Mountain streams may be broadly divided into three sections. In the "catchment funnel" (Sammeltrichter) high on the mountainsides, water and eroded soil, rock and gravel are gathered. The stream then flows at high speed through a "drainage channel" (Abflussrinne) into the "alluvial fan" where the transported debris is deposited.
In Austria a mountain stream or Wildbach is even defined in law.

## Dangers

The material transported by a mountain stream can present serious dangers to people, animals and cultural landscapes, for example:
* Serious erosion – scouring of the stream bed,
* Subsequent landslips,
* Endangering of mountain forest and protected forest,
* Formation of a gorge,
* Release of a mudflow,
* Creation of a narrow section and impoundment of the stream – endangering settlements when it empties,
* Excessive deposition of debris, sediment and coarse gravel – sometimes further downstream at a debris cone or alluvial fan,
* Movement of the stream bed.
To combat several of these dangers, measures such as a check dam may be implemented to guard against flooding.
Usually the regional forestry or conservation department is responsible for the management of mountain streams.
# Johann Berger (disambiguation)

Johann Berger may refer to:
* Johann Berger (1845–1933), Austrian chess master, theorist, endgame study composer, author, and editor
* Johann Nepomuk Berger (politician) (1816–1870), Austrian lawyer, politician, and writer
* Johann Berger (footballer) (born 1999), German footballer
# Physiculus andriashevi

Physiculus andriashevi is a species of bathydemersal fish found in the western Indian Ocean.

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of Russian ichthyologist Anatoly Petrovich Andriashev (1910–2009).
# John Reynolds (agriculturist)

John Reynolds of Dane Court, Adisham, Kent (1703–1779) was an early agricultural pioneer.
The son of Thomas Reynolds, a Kent Yeoman, John Reynolds enlarged the family farm to 520 acres (210 ha) and developed agricultural methods which came to the attention of the Royal Society of Arts, which presented him with a silver cup for his efforts to modernise agricultural methods.
These methods included the use of kohlrabi (then known as turnip-rooted cabbage) as a winter feed-stuff for livestock, which he introduced from the Netherlands in 1767, a method of growing melons using manure hot-beds and various other innovations mentioned in Dossie's Memoires of Agriculture and Arthur Young's Agricultural Calendar. He also introduced the Swedish turnip, or swede, (Rutabaga) into England.
A tribute to Reynolds in Adisham's parish church was erected after his death. Historian Maurice Crane, who lived in his house two centuries after Reynolds, drew modern attention to his improvement efforts.
# Lincoln, Jackson County, Oregon

Lincoln is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. It lies along Oregon Route 66 (Greens Springs Highway) between Ashland and Klamath Falls in the Siskiyou Mountains near Pinehurst. It is within the boundaries of the Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument.
Oregon Geographic Names, citing an article in the Medford Mail-Tribune of September 29, 1929, says that Lincoln was named for Lincoln, New Hampshire, by a family whose surname was Henry. The family, formerly operating in New England, owned a lumber mill in Lincoln.
# Melchior Lussy

Melchior Lussy or Melchior Lussi (1529–1606) was a Swiss Catholic statesman who represented the Catholic cantons of Switzerland in the Council of Trent.
# Phaea hoegei

Phaea hoegei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1881. It is known from Mexico.
# Nahaufnahme

Nahaufnahme (English: Closeup View) is the sixth studio album from Austrian singer Christina Stürmer. It was released by Universal on 24 September 2010 in German-speaking Europe. A commercial success, Nahaufnahme was certified platinum in Austria.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Austria (IFPI Austria) | Platinum | 20,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
# Moyes Sonic

The Moyes Sonic is an Australian high-wing, single-place, hang glider that was designed and produced by Moyes Delta Gliders of Botany, New South Wales. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

## Design and development

The Sonic was designed as a beginner and intermediate glider with a 60% double surface wing and neutral static balance for improved maneuverability.
The aircraft is made from 7075-T6 aluminum tubing, with the double-surface wing covered in 4 oz Dacron sailcloth. The aircraft was produced in two models, the 165 and 190, designated by their wing area in square feet.

## Variants
### Sonic 165

    Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its 9.3 m (30.5 ft) span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 120°, wing area is 15.3 m$^2$ (165 sq ft) and the aspect ratio is 5.6:1. The glider empty weight is 26 kg (57 lb) and the pilot hook-in weight range is 54 to 100 kg (119 to 220 lb).

### Sonic 190

    Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its 10 m (32.8 ft) span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 120°, wing area is 17.7 m$^2$ (191 sq ft) and the aspect ratio is 5.6:1. The glider empty weight is 29 kg (64 lb) and the pilot hook-in weight range is 74 to 109 kg (163 to 240 lb). This model has a variable geometry system.

## Specifications (Sonic 190)

Data from Bertrand and manufacturer
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 10 m (32 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 17.7 m$^2$ (191 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 5.6:1
* Empty weight: 29 kg (64 lb)
* Gross weight: 138 kg (304 lb)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 72 km/h (45 mph, 39 kn)
* Cruise speed: 32 km/h (20 mph, 17 kn)
* Stall speed: 23 km/h (14 mph, 12 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 74 km/h (46 mph, 40 kn)
* Maximum glide ratio: 9:1 at 43 km/h (27 mph)
# Johann Benjamin Koppe

Johann Benjamin Koppe (19 August 1750 in Danzig – 12 February 1791 in Hanover) was a German Lutheran theologian. He originated the "fragment hypothesis" (1783) in response to the Synoptic problem.
He studied at the universities of Leipzig and Göttingen, where in 1775 he became a professor of theology. In 1784 he relocated to Gotha as a senior pastor, upper consistory and general superintendent, then in 1788 moved to Hanover as first court chaplain at the Schlosskirche, consistory and general superintendent for the Grafschaft Hoya.

## Published works

* Pindari Carmina et fragmenta : cum lectionis varietate et annotationibus, (3 volumes); with Christian Gottlob Heyne and Gottfried Hermann, edition of Pindar, (Greek and Latin; Latin prose version by Koppe. Volume 3 by Gottfried Hermann ..."Commentatio de metris Pindari. Scholia"). Publisher: Oxonii : R. Bliss, 1807-1809.
* D. Robert Lowth's Lord Bischofs zu London ... Jesaias : neu übersetzt nebst einer Einleitung und critischen philologischen und erläuternden Anmerkungen, 1779–1781; (German translation of Robert Lowth by Georg Hermann Richerz with additions and comments by Koppe).
* Christliches Gesangbuch, 1789 – Christian hymnbook.
* Novum Testamentum Graece : perpetua annotatione illustratum, (10 volumes); continued after Koppe's death by Johann Heinrich Heinrichs, Christoph Friedrich von Ammon and Thomas Christian Tychsen, 1809–1828.
* "Notes on the epistle to the Romans; intended to assist students of theology, and others, who read the scriptures in the originals" by Samuel Hulbeart Turner, 1824; translated from the Latin of Johann Benjamin Koppe.
# Physiculus beckeri

Physiculus beckeri is a species of bathydemersal fish found in the western Indian Ocean.

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of ichthyologist Vladimir Eduardovich Becker (1925–1995), of the Institute of Oceanology in Moscow.
# Shoeshine Man

"Shoeshine Man" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Tom T. Hall. It was released in March 1970 as the fourth and final single from the album, Homecoming. The song peaked at number 8 on the U.S. country singles chart and at number 10 on the Canadian country singles chart. The rockabilly number tells the story of a shoe-shining harmonica player in Montgomery, Alabama, who professes to be "number one in the land."

## Chart performance

| Chart (1970) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 8 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 10 |
# UFC 255

UFC 255: Figueiredo vs. Perez was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on November 21, 2020 at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

## Background

A UFC Flyweight Championship bout between current champion Deiveson Figueiredo and former UFC Bantamweight Champion Cody Garbrandt was expected to serve as the event headliner. However, it was announced on October 2 that Garbrandt pulled out due to a torn bicep and was replaced by Alex Perez, who was already scheduled to face Brandon Moreno at the event. Moreno faced Brandon Royval instead.
A UFC Women's Flyweight Championship bout between current champion Valentina Shevchenko and Jennifer Maia co-headlined the event.
John Allan and Roman Dolidze were originally scheduled to meet at this event in a light heavyweight bout. They were eventually rescheduled for UFC on ESPN: Hermansson vs. Vettori in December.
Former UFC Welterweight Champion Robbie Lawler was expected to face Mike Perry at this event. However, Lawler pulled out of the fight in late October citing an undisclosed injury. He was replaced by Tim Means.
A welterweight bout between Orion Cosce and Nicolas Dalby was expected to take place at this event. However, Cosce pulled out on November 12 due to undisclosed reasons and was replaced by Daniel Rodriguez.
At the weigh-ins, Perry weighed in at 175.5 pounds, four and a half pounds over the welterweight non-title fight limit. His bout proceeded at a catchweight and he was fined 30% of his individual purse, which went to his opponent Tim Means.

## Results

* ↑ For the UFC Flyweight Championship.
* ↑ For the UFC Women's Flyweight Championship.

## Bonus awards

The following fighters received $50,000 bonuses.
* Fight of the Night: Sasha Palatnikov vs. Louis Cosce
* Performance of the Night: Joaquin Buckley and Antonina Shevchenko
# The Man Higher Up

The Man Higher Up: A Story of the Fight Which Is Life and the Force Which Is Love is a novel by the American writer Henry Russell Miller set in 19th century Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The novel tells the Horatio Alger story of Bob, an Irish-Catholic tenement waif who becomes a mill hand, a ward heeler, then mayor of Pittsburgh, and finally governor of Pennsylvania.
# Lidmore

Lidmore or Lydmore is a small hamlet and farm in the Vale of Glamorgan. It is located just off the A4226 road, to the northwest of Highlight Park in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan and in close proximity to Brynhill Golf Club. To the north is Great Hamston and Dyffryn and the hamlet is accessed through another hamlet called Northcliff from the main road. To the southwest is Lidmore Wood and the Welsh Hawking Centre.

## Landmarks

The main landmark is the Lidmore Farm, an early 18th-century Grade II listed building. It is a "two-storey, whitewashed rubble stone farmhouse" with a "Welsh slate roof with four corniced brick ridges and end stacks. There are two wings, the narrower downhill and set back at each elevation. The main frontage faces the garden and this has a three-window range of sashes to the left main unit: two to the left (plus one smaller to ground floor) and one to the right of a gabled porch which is of rock-faced stone with brick dressings, including moulded brick cambered arch, flag floor and boarded door." Refurbished in the 19th century, Lidmore Farmhouse became a listed building on 10 October 2002.
Several of the former farm buildings along the lane near the farmhouse which were shown on the Tithe Map of 1842 have been converted into expensive houses, the largest of which is a sprawling stone bungalow. The land to southeast of the farm formerly belonged to Highlight Farm before it was purchased by Brynhill Golf Club in the mid-1990s.
# Megachile parata

Megachile parata is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1930.
# Petilianus

Petilianus was an eminent Donatist of the 5th century Roman North Africa, who is known to history through the letters he wrote to the Catholic Bishop Augustine of Hippo and discourses in Augustine's replies. Although most of what we know of him comes from Augustine, his main theology seems to have been "that the true church was only composed of those who were repentant."

## Early life

Petilianus was from Cirta, the main city of the Roman province of Numidia. His parents were Catholics, but early in life he was taken against his will by the Donatists, baptised and eventually made their bishop around 395 to 400. Before this he had been a lawyer, rising to the rank of paraclete.

## Episcopal career

About 398 to 400, Augustine invited leaders of the Donatist sect in Cirta to discuss the questions at issue between them and the Catholic Church. The invitation was rejected.
Petilianus later sent a letter to Augustine, proposing a separation from the Catholic Church, due to what he perceived as "pollution of the souls" through the repetition of baptism. The validity of baptism in his view depended on the character of the baptiser. He also charged the Catholics with persecution and "tradition," (in the sense of traditor, one who had "handed over" Church documents or utensils during times of persecution) and an insinuation about Manicheism. To these charges Augustine replied in his first book against Petilian.
In Augustine's second book, he refutes Petilanus's position on
* application of Scripture passages;
* the inefficacy of baptism by ungodly persons;
* the iniquity of persecution, wherein Augustine denies the charge, and retorts it upon his adversary, whose partisans, the Circumcellions and others, were guilty of persecution;
* the objection to appeal to the civil power where Augustine shows that the Donatists themselves appealed to Constantine, and took advantage of the patronage of Julian;
* denying that the language of Scripture and of the church had been perverted.
A second letter from Petilian followed, which is known only from excerpts in Augustine's subsequent reply letter, and a treatise on the Unity of the Church.
In "Contra litteras Petiliani" Augustine disputed some accusations made by Petiliani that Pope Marcellinus and some other Roman priests had been traditors during the Diocletianic Persecution.
As Bishop of Cirta he had a leading role at the Council of Carthage (411), being one of the seven managers on the Donatist side.
At the Council of Carthage 411, Petilian was recorded by Augustine for ingenious quibbling and minute subtlety on technical details of procedure — using, in short, as Augustine said afterwards, every artifice in order to prevent real discussion. He was furthermore accused on the third day of the Council of losing his temper and insulting Augustine personally.
# Naidinae

Naidinae is a subfamily of annelids belonging to the family Naididae.
According to the World Register of Marine Species, 24 genera are accepted:
* Allodero Sperber, 1948
* Allonais Sperber, 1948
* Amphichaeta Tauber, 1879
* Arcteonais Piguet, 1928
* Aulophorus Schmarda, 1861
* Branchiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900
* Bratislavia Košel, 1976
* Chaetogaster von Baer, 1827
* Dero Oken, 1815
* Haemonais Bretscher, 1900
* Nais Müller, 1774
* Neonais Sokolskaya, 1962
* Ophidonais Gervais, 1838
* Paranais Czerniavsky, 1881
* Pedonais Collado & Schmelz, 2000
* Piguetiella Sperber, 1939
* Rhopalonais Dzwillo & R. Grimm, 1974
* Ripistes Dujardin, 1842
* Slavina Vejdovský, 1884
* Specaria Sperber, 1939
* Stephensoniana Černosvitov, 1938
* Stylaria Lamarck, 1816
* Uncinais Levinsen, 1884
* Vejdovskyella Michaelsen, 1903
# Johann Gottfried Eiffe

Johann Gottfried Eiffe (13 August 1773 or 1779, Hamburg - 13 August 1818, La Victoire, Haiti) was a German painter.

## Life and work

Little is known about his family or youth. In 1798, he took drawing lessons from Gerdt Hardorff, then accompanied his friend, Philipp Otto Runge, to Copenhagen, where he continued his studies with Jens Juel. He and Runge were both dissatisfied with the training at the official academies, so they and several other fellow students established their own "Privat-Akademie", to supplement the standard curriculum.
In 1801, he followed his friend to Dresden. Eiffe made little progress there, depending largely on Runge's contacts to promote his works. This led to a rift between them, with Runge accusing Eiffe of not having any true artistic ambition. Runge married and returned to Hamburg in 1804. With his career at a standstill, and no orders for paintings, Eiffe also went back, in 1807. There, he gave painting and drawing lessons and received a few orders, but his financial situation remained precarious. After Runge's death in 1810, he made copies of one of his friend's self-portraits and sold them to acquaintances.
In 1816, when Henri Christophe, who styled himself King Henry I, offered to pay European painters large sums to work at his court, Eiffe went there. He created numerous portraits and decorated some rooms at the royal palace. After it became known that he intended to take the money and return to Germany, he was dismissed and subjected to persecution. He died there in 1818, in a state of extreme poverty.

## Sources

* Susanne Geese: "Eiffe, Johann Gottfried". In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Eds.): Hamburgische Biografie, Vol.3. Wallstein, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-8353-0081-4, pp. 108–109
* Kurze Lebensschilderung, in: Philipp Otto Runge, Johann Daniel Runge (Ed.): Hinterlassene Schriften. Friedrich Perthes, Hamburg 1840–41, Vols.1–2, pg.451, (Online)
# Physiculus chigodarana

Physiculus chigodarana is a species of bathydemersal fish found in the north-western Pacific Ocean.

## Size

This species reaches a length of 18.0 cm (7.1 in).
# Sidi Aïch District

Sidi Aïch District is a district of Béjaïa Province, Algeria.

## Municipalities

The district is further divided into 5 municipalities:
* Sidi Aïch
* El-Flaye
* Tinabdher
* Tifra
* Sidi-Ayad
# Satoshi Miki

Satoshi Miki (三木 聡, Miki Satoshi, born 9 August 1961) is a Japanese film director and screenwriter. He has directed and written many films from 1981 to present day.

## Works
### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2004 | 68 Films | Director |
| 2005 | In the Pool | Director, Screenwriter |
| 2005 | Turtles Are Surprisingly Fast Swimmers | Director, Screenwriter |
| 2006 | Damejin | Director, Screenwriter |
| 2007 | The Insects Unlisted in the Encyclopedia | Director, Screenwriter |
| 2007 | Adrift in Tokyo | Director, Screenwriter |
| 2009 | Instant Swamp | Director, Screenwriter |
| 2013 | It's Me, It's Me | Director, Screenwriter |
| 2018 | Louder! Can't Hear What You're Singin', Wimp! | Director, Screenwriter |
| 2022 | What to Do with the Dead Kaiju? | Director, Screenwriter |
| 2022 | Convenience Story | Director, Screenwriter |

### Television

| Year(s) | Title | Role | Notes | Source |
| 1997 | Downtown no Gottsu Ee Kanji | Writer | | |
# Thugyizu

Thugyizu is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma.
# Meeker

Meeker may refer to:

## Places

* Camp Meeker, California
* Meeker, Colorado
* Meeker, Louisiana
* Meeker, Ohio
* Meeker, Oklahoma
* Meeker, West Virginia
* Meeker, Wisconsin
* Meeker and Marcy Avenues Line, Brooklyn New York
* Meeker County, Minnesota
* Meeker Island Lock and Dam, Minnesota
* Meeker Peak, Nevada
* Meeker Slough, California
* Meeker Southern Railroad, Washington
* Meeker Sugar Refinery, Louisiana
* Meeker's Hardware, Connecticut
* Meekers Grove, Wisconsin
* Mount Meeker, Colorado

## People with the surname

* Arthur Meeker, Jr. (1902-1971), American novelist
* Bradley B. Meeker (1813-1873), American jurist
* Charles Meeker, American politician
* Edward Meeker (1874-1937), American singer and performer
* Ezra Meeker (1830-1928), American pioneer who promoted the preservation of the Oregon Trail
* George Meeker (1904-1984), American actor
* Howie Meeker (1923–2020), Canadian hockey player and politician
* Jacob Edwin Meeker (1878-1918), American politician
* James Meeker (born 1995), American baseball player
* Joseph Rusling Meeker (1827-1887), American painter
* Josephine Meeker (1857-1882), American teacher and physician
* Jotham Meeker (1804-1855), Baptist missionary to the Indians in Kansas
* Judith Meeker, American founder of More Than Warmth
* Leonard C. Meeker (1916–2014), American politician, lawyer and diplomat
* Marie Meeker (1886–1960), known as Dainty Marie, American vaudeville performer
* Marilyn Meeker, American ice dancer
* Mary G. Meeker (born 1959), American investment banker and securities analyst
* Mary N. Meeker (1921–2003), American educational psychologist
* Mike Meeker (born 1958), Canadian ice hockey player
* Nathan Meeker (1817-1879), 19th-century homesteading entrepreneur in Colorado, USA, victim of Meeker Massacre
* Ralph Meeker (1920-1988), American actor
* Roy Meeker (1900-1929), American baseball player
* Royal Meeker (1873-1953), American economist
* Samuel Meeker (1763–1831), descendant of William Meeker, prominent early citizen of Philadelphia
* Theresa Meeker (born 1986), Italian-American actress
* Tony Meeker (born 1939), American politician in Oregon
* William Meeker, founder of Elizabeth, New Jersey in 1660

## Other uses

* Dink Meeker, character in Orson Scott Card's Ender's Game series
* Meeker, character in the 2002 Nickelodeon film Clockstoppers
* Howie Meeker's Hockey School, Canadian television program
* USS Meeker County (LST-980), US Navy tank landing ship
# Petite France

Petite France may refer to
* Petite France, Gapyeong, a French themed cultural village set in Korea
* Petite France, Strasbourg, a historic quarter of the French city of Strasbourg
See also: