OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Torgersen Island

Torgersen Island is a small rocky island lying just east of Litchfield Island in the entrance to Arthur Harbour, off the south-west coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1955 and named by the UK-APC for Torstein Torgersen, first mate of the Harbor in late February 1955, preceding the vessel Norsel in one of the ship's boats and making soundings.

## Birds

The island formed part of the Northern Arthur Harbour Important Bird Area (IBA) number 013, identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports significant seabird breeding colonies. The Arthur Harbour IBA was delisted in 2015.
# Siaugues-Sainte-Marie

Siaugues-Sainte-Marie (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Loire département in south-central France.

## Château de Saint Romain

Siaugues is overlooked by the ruined towers of a castle established in the 13th century by Saint Louis IX to repel Angevin forces based to the west on the opposite side of the river Allier.
The castle changed hands several times, coming into the possession of the La Fayette family in c.1400 under Gilbert Motier de La Fayette. It remained in the family until the French Revolution when it was taken by the commune and used as a quarry. The castle then passed into private ownership and some preservation work has begun.

## Personalities

* Maurice Fombeure, poet
# Timur ruby

The Timur Ruby (also Khiraj-i-alam, "Tribute to the World") is an unfaceted, 352.54-carat (71 g) polished red spinel set in a necklace. It is named after the ruler Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire and purportedly one of its former owners. It was believed to be a ruby until 1851.
It is inscribed with the titles of five of its previous owners: Jahangir (who also had the name of his father Akbar the Great inscribed), Shah Jahan, Farrukhsiyar, Nader Shah and Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Since 1612, the owners of the Timur ruby have also owned the Koh-i-Noor diamond. It has been in the possessions of the Safavid, Mughal, Sikh and British empires, and is currently part of the Royal Collection.

## History
### Origins

Spinels are found in various parts of the world, including the Transoxiana region that was home to the Mughal ancestors.
The Timur ruby is historically associated with Timur, who was believed to have taken the gem during the invasion of Delhi in 1398. In 1996, however, research indicated that it was never owned by Timur.

### Possession of the Mughal emperors

During the seventeenth century, the gem was in the ownership of Shah Abbas I, the Safavid Emperor of Persia. In 1612, he gave it to the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Jahangir had it engraved with his own name and that of his father (Akbar the Great).
The stone passed to subsequent Mughal Emperors, including Shah Jahan (who had it set in the Peacock Throne) and Aurangzeb. Shah Jahan and Farrukhsiyar also inscribed their names on the stone.

### Removal from India

In 1739, Persian ruler Nader Shah seized the gem during his occupation of Delhi. Nader took the Peacock Throne as part of his treasure, but removed the Timur ruby and the Koh-i-Noor diamond to wear on an armband. He called the Timur ruby the "Ayn al-Hur" ("Eye of the Houri), and added to its inscription.
In 1747, Nader Shah was assassinated. The Timur ruby was taken by his commander Ahmad Shah Durrani, who became King of Afghanistan.

### Return to the Punjab

In 1810, it returned to India when Ahmad Shah's grandson Shah Shujah was forced into exile in the Punjab. In 1813, Maharaja Ranjit Singh took possession of the gem. It subsequently passed into the ownership of Maharaja Sher Singh (1841) and Maharaja Duleep Singh.

### Removal to London

When the East India Company invaded Punjab in 1849, they took possession of the Timur ruby and the Koh-i-Noor diamond from Duleep Singh.
In 1851, the Timur ruby was displayed at the Great Exhibition in London. That year, it was also reclassified as a spinel rather than a ruby. After the Great Exhibition closed the Court of Directors of the East India Company presented the gem to Queen Victoria as a gift after which it became her private possession.
The gem was set in a necklace by Garrards in 1853. Shortly afterwards, it was modified so that it could hold the Koh-i-Noor as an occasional alternative.
After the necklace was lengthened in 1911, it was rarely worn.
The spinel is now part of the Royal Collection.
# Oruge tree frog

The Oruge tree frog (Litoria modica) is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers.

## Names

It is known as wyt in the Kalam language of Papua New Guinea.
# Kim Sang-won (judge)

Kim Sang-won (Korean: 김상원; April 30, 1933 – February 24, 2024) was a South Korean lawyer and judge. He served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea from 1988 to 1994.

## Biography

Kim Sang-won was born in 1933. In 1956, Kim graduated from Seoul National University's College of Agriculture. In 1957, he passed the bar exam.
In 1960, Kim Sang-won first began his career as a judge of the Daegu District Court. in 1975, Kim became the Chief Justice of the Seoul High Court. In 1981, the Chun Doo-hwan government refused Kim's reappointment as a judge, so Kim decided to practice law. In 1988, under the new Roh Tae-woo government, Kim Sang-won was appointed to the Supreme Court, on the recommendation of Chief Justice Lee Il-kyu [ko]. Kim served on the court until July 10, 1994.
After retiring from the Supreme Court, Kim established a law firm, Hannuri Law LLC, with his two sons, who were both lawyers, in September 1997. In 2000, he became the chairman of the Ilga Foundation.
Kim died on February 24, 2024, at the age of 90.
# Symphony No. 1 (Piston)

The Symphony No. 1 by Walter Piston was completed in 1937.

## History

By the time Piston finished his first symphony, he was 43 years old. It was premiered on April 8, 1938, by the Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by the composer.

## Structure

Like most of Piston's symphonies, the work is in three movements:
* Andantino quasi adagio—allegro ($^4$ $_4$)
* Adagio ($^6$ $_8$)
* Allegro con fuoco ($^2$ $_2$)
As with the much later Symphony No. 8, twelve-tone technique is incorporated into a broader palette of compositional elements. The first movement begins with a rare example, for Piston, of an ostinato, presented in the pizzicato basses. This ostinato consists of nine of the twelve chromatic notes, and the remaining three are found in the theme played above it. The mood is somber and poignant. Despite the chromatic saturation, this movement (as well as the finale) is in the tonality of C. This slow introduction is followed by a vigorous sonata-allegro movement with a main theme based on the ostinato figure. The ostinato also returns at the end of the movement, and its chromatic nature helps make a transition to the tritone-related key of F-sharp for the second movement, whose thematic material is also derived from the ostinato. The finale is in rondo form, with the main theme once again taken from the beginning of that ostinato, only in inversion.
# São Brás (Ribeira Grande)

São Brás (Portuguese for Saint Blaise) is a parish in the district of Ribeira Grande in the Azores. The population in 2011 was 650, in an area of 8.08 km$^2$.
# Roberto Young

Robert Young (1700s–1743) was a Scottish doctor of medicine, who was employed by the South Sea Company in Buenos Aires.

## Biography

Young was born in Scotland, the son of Alexander Young and Margaret Bucanan. He was graduated in medicine in Spain, and arrived at the port of Buenos Aires aboard a ship belonging to the South Sea Company, company that had its facilities in the area of Retiro.
After leaving the Royal English Company, he was hired by the Viceregal Authorities who assigned them to serve in the Fort of Buenos Aires. Young who professed the Protestant religion converted to Catholicism in 1737.
In Buenos Aires, Roberto Young had exercised the profession of surgeon with Robert Fontaine and Robert Espren, known as the three "Robert". He had the first Brewery installed in the city. The company used slaves for packaging of the beer. This action earned him a fine imposed by the Governor of Buenos Aires against Robert Young.
Robert Young died in 1743 and bequeathed all his property to the Jesuits of Buenos Aires.
# Libbiano, Peccioli

Libbiano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Peccioli, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 23.
Libbiano is about 45 km from Pisa and 7 km from Peccioli.
# Star of Deltora

The Star of Deltora is a series of four novels by Emily Rodda, set in the same world as the series Deltora Quest, The Three Doors, and Rowan of Rin. At the center of the series are the adventures of Britta, a Deltoran trader, and three other traders. They travel aboard the titular ship and compete in a quest for the Trader Rosalyn Apprenticeship.
Shadows of the Master, released August 1, 2015, is the title of the first book in the series and sets the stage for the rivalry between Britta and three other traders aboard the titular ship Star of Deltora, in their quest for the Trader Rosalyn Apprenticeship. They travel together to the Two Moons swamplands (Two Moons) and Illica, the home of the mysterious Collectors (Towers of Illica). The last book, The Hungry Isle, follows their escape from Illica.
# Münchner Freiheit station

Münchner Freiheit is a Munich U-Bahn interchange station in the Munich borough of Schwabing-Freimann. Here, the U3 and U6 subway lines part, with U3 continuing west towards Scheidplatz and U6 continuing north towards Freimann. The station serves as a major interchange for northern Munich.
Underground, the station consists of two island platforms, each servicing two tracks.
On the surface, a bus and tram terminal is located on the corner of Leopoldstraße and Feilitschstraße. This is the southern terminus of route of the Munich tramway, which opened in 2009 and continues north towards the Parkstadt Schwabing office and residential development.

## Name

The station is named after the eponymous square located on the eastern side of Leopoldstraße. Before the renovation in 2009, the name had the old spelling: Münchener Freiheit. The spelling was changed to omit the extra letter 'e' in Münchner.
# WNT8A

Protein Wnt-8a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT8A gene. Wnt8a may be involved in the development of early embryos as well as germ cell tumors.

## Function

The Wnt8a gene is part of the Wnt family of genes and plays a role in vertebrates in the process of axis patterning. Wnt8a encodes for 2 proteins, Wnt8a.1 and Wnt8a.2 via a complicated mechanism involving the coordination of signaling molecules to control up and down stream promoters. Furthermore, Wnt8a has shown to play a role in neural crest induction via Wnt/𝜷-catenin signaling based on experiments using zebrafish as a model organism. Wnt8a among other Wnt genes influence the Wnt/𝜷-catenin signaling in neural crest development. 𝜷-catenin is degraded in the absence of a Wnt signaling, but upon the binding of a Wnt ligand with a frizzled receptor and Lrp5/6 the 𝜷-catenin signaling molecule is no longer degraded. Instead, it interacts with transcription factors that activate Wnt expression, of which, Wnt8 is crucial for neural crest development and other cell fates. In a study of morpholino based gene knockdown in zebrafish, knocking down Wnt8a resulted in the lack of expression of various other genes important for neural crest induction (pax3, sox10, and foxd3). It is unclear however, if the loss of these neural crest specifiers is a result of Wnt8a directly in the induction process or is a downstream consequence of disruptions in Wnt8a signaling earlier in development. Regardless, the results of this study show Wnt8a as a key player in neural crest induction.
# Torgerson

Torgerson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carla Torgerson, a vocalist of the American rock band The Walkabouts
* Helena Stone Torgerson (1878–1941), American harpist and composer
* Martin T. Torgerson (1875–1939), American sailor
* Ryan Torgerson (1972–2011), American rower
* Stan Torgerson (1924–2006), American radio personality
# Rotary Park

Rotary Park is an urban park in Calgary, Alberta. The park includes an off-leash dog park, a playground, and a splash park. In 2018, one of the original lion statues from the Centre Street Bridge was restored and moved to the southwest corner of the park, overlooking the bridge and downtown.

## Gallery

* Restored lion statue overlooking Centre Street Bridge
# Otto of Passau

Otto of Passau was a medieval German clerical author.

## Biography

All that is known of him is in the preface of his work, in which he calls himself a member of the Franciscan Order, at one time lector of theology at Basel, and says that he finished his writing on 2 (1) February 1386, dedicating it to all the "friends of God", both clerical and lay, male and female, and begs for their prayers.
According to Sbaralea (Suppl. Script. Franciscani ordinis, Rome, 1806, 571) he was a native of Flanders and belonged to the Franciscan ecclesiastical province of Cologne. Yet his name refers to the Bavarian city of Passau.

## Work

His book bears the German title (not Dutch, as one might expect from a Fleming) Die vierundzwanzig alten oder der guldin Tron der minnenden seelen; The 24 elders or the golden throne of loving souls. He introduces the twenty-four ancients referred to in Revelation 4:4, and makes them utter sentences of wisdom by which men can obtain the golden throne in eternal life.
The sentences are taken from the Holy Scripture, the Fathers of the Church, Scholastics and from non-Christian authors "whom the Church does not condemn". He thus enumerates 104 "masters", among whom are also some of the mystics, as Hugo and Richard of St. Victor. He generally gives accurate quotation of his sources though he also draws from some not specified, e.g. Elizabeth of Schönau. He tries to remain on strictly Catholic ground, but sometimes loses himself in dogmatical intricacies and quibbles. To be plain and intelligible he frequently uses trivial expressions.
He writes on the nature of God and of man, on their mutual relation, on the requisites for perfection: contrition, confession and penance; on internal and external life, purity of motives, shunning idleness, love of God and of the neighbour, the necessity of faith and the grace of God. He speaks of the Bible as the storehouse of divine wisdom and urges the faithful to read them. In speaking of contemplative life he insists that none can reach it without spending time in the active service of God and man. The term "friends of God" he explains according to John 15:15, and speaks of prayer, humility, obedience, spiritual life, virtues and vices, and shows Christ as the model of all virtues. The longest chapters, eleven and twelve, he devotes to the Holy Eucharist and to the Blessed Virgin. The last chapters treat of death and the future life.
About forty manuscript copies of the book survive. It was popular in the south of Germany, along the Lower Rhine and in the Netherlands. It first appeared in print in 1470, probably by Albrecht Pfister in Bamberg. A modernized edition, Die Krone der Aeltesten, was made in 1835 at Landshut as a tenth volume of Leitstern auf der Bahn des Heils.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Otto of Passau". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
# Münchner Kindl

Münchner Kindl, meaning "Munich child" in the Bavarian dialect, is the name of the symbol on the coat of arms of the city of Munich.

## History

This symbol has been the coat-of-arms of Munich since the 13th century. The figure portrayed was originally a monk (or friar) holding a Bible, but by the 16th century it evolved in different portrayals into the figure of a small child wearing a pointed hood, often shown holding a beer mug and a radish. It has been theorized that the name for the city of Munich (München in German) comes from the term Kloster von Mönchen or "Cloister for Monks" due to the Imperial Abbey of Tegernsee--a Benedictine Monastery near which the original town of Munich was built.
The image in its different configurations has appeared on countless different objects, from atop the city hall in Munich to manhole covers and even beer steins. The gender of the figure has also changed over the years: from a clearly male, to a gender-neutral child, to a small girl. Nowadays when the kindl is portrayed by a person - for instance, as a mascot for Oktoberfest - it is usually enacted by a young woman.
# Mūmū Nunatak

Mūmū Nunatak (77°27′S 169°4′E﻿ / ﻿77.450°S 169.067°E﻿ / -77.450; 169.067) is a nunatak in the north part of Kyle Hills, Ross Island. The feature is 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) west-southwest of Towle Point and 0.6 nautical miles (1.1 km) inland from steep cliffs that form the northeast edge of the island. The name Mūmū (meaning boisterous wind) is one of several Maori wind names applied by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) in this area.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Mūmū Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Ross Island location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# N11 code

An N11 code (pronounced Enn-one-one) is a three-digit dialing code used in abbreviated dialing in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). The mnemonic N stands for the digits 2 through 9 and thus the syntax stands for the codes 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711, 811, and 911. These dialing codes provide access to special local services, such as 911 for emergency services, which is a facility mandated by law in the United States. The (FCC) in CC Docket 92-105, specified how the N11 codes of 211, 311, 511, 711 and 811 codes would be used for various types of public information under NANP.

## Services

N11-numbers provide access to special services. For example,
* 211: Community services and information
* 311: Municipal government services, non-emergency number
* 411: Directory assistance
* 511: Traffic information or police non-emergency services
* 611: Telephone company (telco) customer service and repair
* 711: TDD and Relay Services for the deaf and hard of hearing
* 811: Underground public utility location (United States); non-emergency health information and services (Canada)
* 911: Emergency services (police, fire, ambulance and rescue services)
411 and 611 are commonly used in the United States, but not officially assigned by the Federal Communications Commission.
The designation for special use in the NANP prevents their use as area codes and central office prefixes, eliminating about 8 million telephone numbers from assignment.
The assigned use of each N11 code may vary for the various countries, US states, and Canadian provinces of the NANP, but 911 is mandated in the United States and Canada, 711 and 911 access is mandated by law in the United States, even within private networks (PBX, enterprise and cellular systems).
411 and 611 are supported by the service provider for the calling phone, but not all carriers provide these services. 411 and 611 (formerly 811) are typically blocked within enterprise or private branch exchange (PBX) systems, including cellular telephone service purchased for an enterprise system, since 411 calls generally incur a fee and the service is now readily accessible by other means, and 611 services are managed by the enterprise in which the phone resides.
Other community services are provided through 211, but only if a nonprofit organization, such as United Way of America, or the local government operates it locally. Likewise, local, state or provincial government may, but do not uniformly, operate traffic information using 511. 811 was made mandatory in the United States in 2007; however, it has not been universally implemented. 711 is funded through the TRS Fund, which telephone companies are mandated to maintain to provide Relay Services for the Deaf and Hearing Impaired.

## 011

Within the NANP, a leading digit of 0 or 1 indicates special dialing arrangements. 1 is the toll-dialing prefix, or trunk prefix. 011 is the international calling prefix, dialed before a country code to call internationally.
# N'oublie pas

"N'oublie pas" is a song recorded in 2018 by Mylène Farmer in collaboration with American singer LP. The song reached number one on the French Singles Chart.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 17 |
| France (SNEP) | 1 |
# NASA Exceptional Bravery Medal

The NASA Exceptional Bravery Medal is a NASA award for exemplary and courageous handling of an emergency by an individual who, independent of personal danger, has acted to prevent the loss of human life or U.S. government property. The award is open to government and non-government employees.
The first 6 medals were awarded and presented May 8, 1963, by NASA Associate Director Dr. Robert Seamons to Paul J. Balfe, John A. Gordon, Larry J. Hough, Curtis C. Lyon, Charles L. Manes and Lynn B. Rowe. On November 9, 1962, NASA pilot Jack B. McKay was test flying an X-15 when it experienced engine failure. An emergency landing was made at Mud Lake, Nevada, where the aircraft flipped on its back. As part of the rescue crew, these 6 men worked to free McKay in the presence of lethal concentrations of unjettisoned anhydrous ammonia fuel, saving McKay's life.
Exceptional Bravery Medals were awarded in 1969 to NASA engineers Bill B. McClure and Charles J. "Jack" Beverlin, who prevented the collapse and explosion of an Atlas rocket at great risk to their own lives. A feature on Mars was later named after them.
Medals were also awarded to Herbert W. Grandy in 1970, and to Paul D. Sebesta in 1974. Subsequently, thirty eight workers at the Michoud Assembly Facility were awarded this medal for protecting the facility from flooding due to Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
# Myriochila fastidiosa

Myriochila fastidiosa is a species of tiger beetle found across India and Sri Lanka. The head and pronotum are greenish or coppery and the elytra vary from greenish bronze to coppery. The markings are yellowish. The legs are pale coloured. They are found in open forest and grassland.
# NFL Countdown

NFL Countdown may refer to the following ESPN pregame shows that cover the National Football League:
* Sunday NFL Countdown
* Monday Night Countdown
# Mystery Mountain Winter Park

Mystery Mountain Winter Park is a small ski park in Mystery Lake, Manitoba, Canada. It is located 20 minutes north of Thompson on Highway Provincial Road 280.
It is run by the not-for-profit organization, Thompson Ski Club Inc. It has 18 runs and 5 lifts.
# NGC 995

NGC 995 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda about 178 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 8 December 1871.
# NGC 998

NGC 998 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is estimated to be 294 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 90,000 ly. Together with NGC 997, it forms a gravitationally bound pair of galaxies. NGC 998 was discovered by astronomer Albert Marth on 10 November 1863 using a 48-inch telescope.