OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thioredoxin fold

The thioredoxin fold is a protein fold common to enzymes that catalyze disulfide bond formation and isomerization. The fold is named for the canonical example thioredoxin and is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins. It is an example of an alpha/beta protein fold that has oxidoreductase activity. The fold's spatial topology consists of a four-stranded antiparallel beta sheet sandwiched between three alpha helices. The strand topology is 2134 with 3 antiparallel to the rest.

## Sequence conservation

Despite sequence variability in many regions of the fold, thioredoxin proteins share a common active site sequence with two reactive cysteine residues: Cys-X-Y-Cys, where X and Y are often but not necessarily hydrophobic amino acids. The reduced form of the protein contains two free thiol groups at the cysteine residues, whereas the oxidized form contains a disulfide bond between them.

## Disulfide bond formation

Different thioredoxin fold-containing proteins vary greatly in their reactivity and in the pKa of their free thiols, which derives from the ability of the overall protein structure to stabilize the activated thiolate. Although the structure is fairly consistent among proteins containing the thioredoxin fold, the pKa is extremely sensitive to small variations in structure, especially in the placement of protein backbone atoms near the first cysteine.

## Examples

Human proteins containing this domain include:
* DNAJC10
* ERP70
* GLRX3
* P4HB; PDIA2; PDIA3; PDIA4; PDIA5; PDIA6 (P5); PDILT
* QSOX1; QSOX2
* STRF8
* TXN; TXN2; TXNDC1; TXNDC10; TXNDC11; TXNDC13; TXNDC14; TXNDC15; TXNDC16; TXNDC2; TXNDC3; TXNDC4; TXNDC5; TXNDC6; TXNDC8; TXNL1; TXNL3
# Thioquinanthrene

Thioquinanthrene, also known as thiochinathren, is an aromatic organic chemical compound. It has the chemical formula C$_{18}$H$_{10}$N$_2$S$_2$ and reacts with alcoholates or alkoxides. One of the key uses is to act as a catalyst poison in the Rosenmund reduction. It has the IUPAC name of 2,13-dithia-10,21-diazapentacyclo[12.8.0.0$^{3,12}$.0$^{4,9}$.0$^{15,20}$]docosa-1(14),3(12),4,6,8,10,15,17,19,21-decaene.

## Rosenmund catalyst poison

In the Rosenmeund reaction, an acid chloride is reduced to an aldehyde. Continuing the reduction produces an alcohol. This further reaction is undesirable as the alcohol will now react with the acyl chloride to produce the unwanted ester product. For this reaction (over reduction) to be prevented, the catalyst needs to be poisoned. Thioquinanthrene was used initially, although other materials have been used since.
# Thomas Iredell

Thomas Iredell (c. 1720 - September 1796) was Attorney General of Jamaica in 1766 and served on the Royal Council of Jamaica from 1775 until the date of his death.
He owned Pindar's Valley plantation in Clarendon Parish.
# Liam McGrath

Liam McGrath may refer to:
* Liam McGrath (hurler, born 1974), Irish hurler for Tipperary
* Liam McGrath (hurler, born 1993), Irish hurler for Tipperary
# Liang Huang

Liang Huang (梁鍠) (fl. 742–756) was a Tang dynasty poet who lived during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang.
* This article about a poet from China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Liang Haichen

Haichen Liang is a paralympic athlete from China competing mainly in category T46 sprint events.
Haichen competed in the 100 m, 200 m and 400 m at the 2000 Summer Paralympics winning the silver medal in the 100 m.
# Thomas Baret

Thomas Baret (died 1396), was an English Member of Parliament (MP) and spicer.
He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Oxford in September 1388.
# Thomas Kershaw

Thomas Kershaw (1819–1898) was a leading British pioneer of marbleising, the creation of imitation marble finishes.
He was born in Standish, Lancashire. From the age of 12, he served as an apprentice in Bolton to John Platt, a painter and decorator. During his nine-year apprenticeship, he bought graining tools with money earned from painting pictures and developed his skills in the art of wood graining. After completing his apprenticeship, he moved firstly to Manchester, then to York, and finally to London in 1845. There he was employed by William Cubitt and Company, becoming their leading wood grainer.
In the mid-1840s, Kershaw left Cubitts to be independent and exhibited his imitation marble panels at the Great Exhibition of 1851, which won him a prize. At the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1855, he won a gold medal but felt obliged to carry out public demonstrations of his craft in the exhibition hall after accusations that he was using some type of fraudulent transfer technique. On his return, he bought a house on Baker Street and set up his own specialist decorating company.
The Journal de Manuell de Painteurers published on Kershaw in September 1855: "We regret that our inferiority to the Englishman is incontestable, and have to acknowledge that his panels must be regarded as masterpieces".
Kershaw was given several lucrative contracts, including one from the royal family to marbleise the columns at Buckingham Palace and Osborne House, but turned down a request from the Russian Ambassador to marbleise the interior of the Imperial Palace in St Petersburg. In 1862 he won another gold medal at the London Exhibition and was elected a liveryman in the Painter-Stainers Company for thirty-eight years. In 1860 he was granted the Freedom of the City of London.
He died a wealthy man in 1898, leaving £158,267 to his beneficiaries, which is around equivalent to £19,000,000 in 2021. He married Mary Atkinson in 1845 in Wigan, and they had four daughters.

## Work

* Emperor's Room, Buckingham Palace (1858)
* Baron de Rothchild's mansion
* Great Western Hotel, Paddington, London
* Dorchester House, Park Lane, London (demolished, 1929)
* Manley Hall, Manchester (demolished, 1905)
Examples of his work are on show in Bolton Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
# Thomas Oliver (lieutenant governor)

Thomas Oliver (January 5, 1733/34 – November 20, 1815) was the last royal lieutenant-governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

## Biography

Born in Antigua to a wealthy plantation owner, Thomas Oliver graduated from Harvard College in 1753. In 1760 he married Elizabeth Vassall, who was from another family of West Indies plantation owners that had settled in Massachusetts. The Vassalls were also connected by marriage to the politically powerful Phips family. Oliver was active in the militia but did not involve himself in politics. In 1766 he commissioned the mansion to be built by John Nutting (loyalist) now at 33 Elmwood Avenue, Cambridge, later called Elmwood, for his growing family.
When the provincial lieutenant governor, Andrew Oliver died in 1774, Oliver was appointed his successor by King George III and his government ministers, who may have believed him to be a brother or other relative of Andrew Oliver. On September 2, 1774, Oliver saw a crowd of four thousand angry citizens entering Cambridge and traveled to Boston to advise General Thomas Gage not to send troops against them. On his return, the crowd, defying the advice of their political leaders, surrounded Oliver's house and forced him to sign a resignation. Oliver fled to Boston, remaining there for over a year. He chaired one meeting of the Massachusetts Council after Gage's departure. When the British troops sailed to Halifax in March 1776, Oliver went with them, going on to England. He was proscribed under the Massachusetts Banishment Act in 1778, and his estate confiscated. The Continental Army had already used his house as a hospital during the Siege of Boston.
Oliver's wife died after their flight to England, and he married Harriet Freeman in Antigua in 1781. Two years later in 1783, Oliver was recorded as owning 11 slaves: Buff, Cato, Jerry, Jeoffry, Samuel, Mira, Jude, Sarah, Violet, Jenny, and "Young Jerry". He had six children by his first wife, and two with his second. He died in Bristol in 1815, and was buried at St Paul's Church, Bristol. The British government continued to recognize him as lieutenant governor of Massachusetts and pay his salary until he died.
# Liberation Front of the National Left

The Liberation Front of the National Left (Spanish: Frente de Liberación de Izquierda Nacional, FLIN) was organized in 1964 by Communist Party of Bolivia (PCB) in opposition to Víctor Paz Estenssoro's bid for a third term.
The FLIN has opposed the junta of René Barrientos Ortuño and the United States.
The Liberation Front of the National Left was reestablished in 1966, for the 1966 presidential and congressional elections. It presented as its presidential candidate Felipe Iñíguez Medrano (PCB) and Mario Miranda Pacheco (PCB), as vice-presidential candidate.
# Lex Canuleia

The lex Canuleia (‘Canuleian law’), or lex de conubio patrum et plebis, was a law of the Roman Republic, passed in the year 445 BC, restoring the right of conubium (marriage) between patricians and plebeians.

## Canuleius' first rogation

Five years earlier, as part of the process of establishing the Twelve Tables of Roman law, the second decemvirate had placed severe restrictions on the plebeian order, including a prohibition on the intermarriage of patricians and plebeians.
Gaius Canuleius, one of the tribunes of the plebs, proposed a rogatio repealing this law. The consuls, Marcus Genucius Augurinus and Gaius Curtius Philo, vehemently opposed Canuleius, arguing that the tribune was proposing nothing less than the breakdown of Rome's social and moral fabric, at a time when the city was faced with external threats.
Undeterred, Canuleius reminded the people of the many contributions of Romans of lowly birth, including several of the kings, and pointed out that the Senate had willingly given Roman citizenship to defeated enemies, even while maintaining that the marriage of patricians and plebeians would be detrimental to the state. He then proposed that, in addition to restoring the right of conubium, the law should be changed to allow plebeians to hold the consulship; all but one of the other tribunes supported this measure.
An ill-chosen remark by the consul Curtius, to the effect that the children of mixed marriages might incur the displeasure of the gods, thereby preventing the proper taking of auspices, inflamed the people to the extent at which the consuls yielded to their demands, allowing a vote on Canuleius' original rogatio. The prohibition on intermarriage between patricians and plebeians was thus repealed.

## Second proposal

The second question, however, permitting plebeians to stand for the consulship, was not brought to a vote. The senator Gaius Claudius Sabinus, brother of one of the decemvirs, argued vehemently against it, and urged that force be used against the tribunes when they obstructed a levy of troops unless the Senate agreed to consider the law. This radical escalation was prevented by his colleague, Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, and his brother, Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus.
Claudius then suggested that military tribunes with consular power might be elected from either order, instead of consuls; but he was not willing to bring the matter forward himself, delegating the distasteful matter to Titus Genucius, brother of the consul, who was of a mind to compromise with the plebeians. This proposal was well-received, and the first consular tribunes were elected for the following year, BC 444.

## In popular culture

In the novel, Goodbye, Mr. Chips, set in an English boarding school in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the schoolmaster Mr. Chipping describes the law to his Roman history class, suggesting a pun that could be used as a mnemonic device:
   "So that, you see, if Miss Plebs wanted Mr. Patrician to marry her, and he said he couldn't, she probably replied: 'Oh yes, you can, you liar!' " (emphasis supplied).
# Thomas Robins (actor)

Thomas Robins is a New Zealand producer, director, writer and actor who was the original host of Squirt, a children's television series. He has also played roles in four films directed by Peter Jackson, the most notable being Déagol in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2002–2003 | The Strip | Doctor | "Woof" (S02E16) |
| 2003 | Freaky | Writer, creator Director | |
| 2004 | The Insider's Guide To Happiness | Karl | "Is Happiness an Accident?" (S01E01) |
| 2005–2006 | Seven Periods with Mr Gormsby | Alasdair Morton | Main role |
| 2006 | The Killian Curse | Martin | "Zombies" (S01E03) |
| 2009–2010 | Tales from Te Papa | Director | |

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1994 | Heavenly Creatures | | Deleted Role |
| 1995 | Forgotten Silver | Colin McKenzie | |
| 2001 | The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring | Déagol | Uncredited |
| 2003 | The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King | Déagol | |
| 2005 | King Kong | New York Theatregoer | |
| 2012 | The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey | The young Thráin II | |
# Thomas Robinson (Gloucester MP)

Sir Thomas Robinson (January 1827 – 26 Oct 1897) was an English corn merchant and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1880 and 1895.
Robinson was born at Weston. He became a corn merchant of Gloucester and was an Alderman and mayor of the city four times. He was also a J.P.
In 1873, Robinson stood in a by-election Gloucester after out manoeuvering former Liberal member John Joseph Powell for the candidature, but was defeated. He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Gloucester in 1880 after the Liberals had established a party caucus chosen by ward meetings, resulting in improved organisation. However bribery and corruption were on a major scale in Gloucester and Robinson was unseated in the same year. His willingness to stand down and the unwillingness of the Conservatives to take matters further led to suspicions of collusion between the parties and a Royal Commission was set up to examine electoral practices. The Royal Commission concluded that Gloucester was among the most corrupt of the seven towns investigated and that bribery was endemic in all elections in the city. The Commission concluded that half of the electorate had taken bribes in 1880, and blamed local politicians for most of the corruption. Notwithstanding this, and the virtual halving of the electorate eligible to vote, Robinson was reelected for Gloucester in 1885 when representation had been reduced to one member under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
He was knighted in Queen Victoria's 1894 Birthday Honours.

## Personal life

His first cousin Elisha Smith Robinson was also a Liberal politician and Mayor of Bristol.
Robinson lived at Longford Park, near Gloucester. He died at the age of 70. Robinson married Harriet Godwin in 1852.
# Licapeña

Licapeña is neighborhood in the city of Ibagué, Colombia. It is located 5 kilometers from the marketplace. It is inhabited by about 2000 people, mostly working middle class.
It was originally built in the 17th century, on swampy land.
# Leysdown railway station

Leysdown is a disused railway station in Leysdown-on-Sea. It opened in 1901 and closed in 1950. There are no remains of the station.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Harty Road Halt | Sheppey Light Railway | Terminus |
# Thomas J. Gould

Thomas J. Gould (1849-1923) was an American architect from Providence, Rhode Island.

## Life and career

Thomas James Gould was born May 23, 1849, in Providence, Rhode Island to James Coggeshall Gould and Maria Littlefield Gould. He attended the local schools and entered the office of architect William R. Walker in 1868. They were joined in the office by Frank W. Angell in 1872 and Walker's son, W. Howard Walker, in 1874. In January, 1876 he formed a partnership with Walker, known as Walker & Gould. A major work of this partnership was Robinson Hall at Brown University, built in 1876-88 as the university library. In 1880 Gould and Angell made plans to form their own firm, and Walker & Gould dissolved December 31. Gould and Angell continued under the name of Gould & Angell, and the Walkers formed William R. Walker & Son.
In 1893 a third architect, Frank H. Swift, was added to the partnership, which became known as Gould, Angell & Swift. A second office was opened in Boston under the management of Gould. When the firm was dissolved in 1897, Gould briefly carried on in Boston. He returned to Providence circa 1902, forming a new partnership with architect W. H. Colwell (1849-1906), known as Colwell & Gould. After Colwell's death in 1906, a new partnership, Gould & Hall, was formed with Benjamin M. Hall (1880-1960). This was dissolved in 1912 when Hall moved to form a general contracting company. This was followed by Gould's last partnership, Gould & Gould, with W. M. Gould. Gould retired from practice in 1919.

## Personal life

Gould was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1883, though he resigned his membership in 1901.
Gould died September 3, 1923, in Newport, Rhode Island.

## Legacy

Three buildings designed by Gould with his earlier partners have been listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places, and others contribute to listed historic districts.

## Architectural works

* House for Herman G. Possner, 1332 Narragansett Blvd, Cranston, Rhode Island (1901, demolished 1990)
* House for William Dempster, 182 Butler Ave, Providence, Rhode Island (1902)
* Imperial Theatre, 569 1/2 Westminster St, Providence, Rhode Island (1902, demolished 1965)
* Central School, Centerville Rd and Commonwealth Ave, Warwick, Rhode Island (1903, demolished)
* House for Annie O. Sweet, 261 Olney St, Providence, Rhode Island (1903)
* House for Henry E. Smith Jr., 749 School St, Webster, Massachusetts (1905, demolished 2005)
* Thurbers Avenue Primary School addition, 179 Thurbers Ave, Providence, Rhode Island (1909, demolished)
* House for William D. Goff, 180 Brown St, Providence, Rhode Island (1911)
* House for Horatio R. Nightingale, 131 Congdon St, Providence, Rhode Island (1913)
# Lightning LS-218

The Lightning LS-218 is an electric motorcycle engineered, designed and produced in America by Lightning Motorcycle, that has been in production since 2014. It has held the title of the world's fastest street-legal production electric motorcycle since 2014.
With a top speed of 218 mph (351 km/h), the production LS-218 is faster than any other street-legal electric motorcycle, and tops the list of fastest production motorcycles. While the 218 mph top speed of the LS-218 was arrived at through calculations of power and wind resistance, the speed was proven at Bonneville Speedway using an LS-218 modified from street-legal form, using "high speed gearing and fairing".
A race-modified LS-218 won the 2013 Pikes Peak International Hill Climb in open competition against both gasoline and electric motorcycles, ridden by professional racer Carlin Dunne. The Pikes Peak victory was historic as the first time an electric motorcycle beat internal-combustion rivals in a professional road race. The Lightning team's Pikes Peak race was conducted entirely off-grid, and relied on solar panels to charge the LS-218 racer, making it the first vehicle of any type to win a professional road race using solar power.
The LS-218's standard battery pack's capacity is 12 kWh (43 MJ). Adding a 20 kWh battery pack gives a range of 160–180 mi (260–290 km).
# Thomas Muir

Thomas Muir may refer to:
* Thomas Muir (mathematician) (1844–1934), Scottish mathematician
* Thomas Muir of Huntershill (1765–1799), political reformer, leader of the Scottish "Friends of the People Society"
# Thomas Yeates (orientalist)

Thomas Yeates (1768–1869) was an oriental linguist.

## Life

He was the son of John Yeates, a turner, of Snow Hill, London, where he was born on 9 October 1768. He was at first apprenticed to his father, but, showing no taste for the trade, was allowed to pursue studies in Latin and Hebrew. At the age of fourteen he appears to have been employed as secretary to the Society for Promoting Constitutional Information, a radical association which numbered Sir William Jones (1746–1794) among its members, but he can have held this post only a short time.
Following a plan which he had formed of rendering the New Testament into biblical Hebrew, he got into communication with Joseph White, who, shortly after his appointment to the professorship of Hebrew at Oxford, got Yeates a bible clerkship at All Souls' College, Oxford; he matriculated there on 22 May 1802, but never graduated. Though he worked for many years at this translation, and received encouragement from the continent as well as in England, the only portion of it ever published was a specimen which appeared in the third annual report of the London Jews' Society.
From about 1808 to 1815 Yeates was employed by Claudius Buchanan to catalogue and describe his oriental manuscripts brought from India; and for much of this period he lived in Cambridge, where the University Press published (1812) his 'Collation of an India Copy of the Pentateuch;' the copies of this work were presented by the press to Yeates. He also, through Buchanan, obtained employment from the Bible Society, and superintended their editions of the Æthiopic Psalter and the Syriac New Testament.
After Buchanan's death he was helped by Thomas Burgess, bishop of St. David's, who procured for him the secretaryship of the Royal Society of Literature, and in 1823 the post of assistant in the printed book department of the British Museum, which he retained until his death.
He died on 7 October 1839.

## Works

In 1818 he published a work called 'Indian Church History,' compiled chiefly from Assemani and the reports of Buchanan and Kerr, and containing an account of the Christian churches in the East, with an ultra-conservative history of their origin. The same year he produced a 'Variation Chart of all the Navigable Oceans and Seas between latitude 60 degrees N. and S. from Documents, and delineated on a new plan;' and in 1819 a Syriac grammar, the first that ever appeared in English. He was also employed by the publishers of Caleb Ashworth's 'Hebrew Grammar' to revise the third and subsequent editions. In 1830 he published 'Remarks on the Bible Chronology, being an Essay towards reconciling the same with the Histories of the Eastern Nations;' in 1833 'A Dissertation on the Antiquity of the Pyramids;' and in 1835 'Remarks on the History of Ancient Egypt.' His astronomical publications involved him in financial difficulties, which the Literary Fund helped him to meet.
# Thurland Chattaway

Thurland Chattaway (April 8, 1872 – November 12, 1947) was an American composer of popular music, active from approximately 1898 to 1912. He is best known for writing the words to the popular 1907 hit "Red Wing" with Kerry Mills. Other songs include "Little Black Me" and "Can't You Take It Back and Change It For a Boy".

## Biography

Chattaway was born in Springfield, Massachusetts and became a boy soprano before going to New York City in 1896, where he worked for a music magazine edited by Paul Dresser. He increasingly devoted his time to songwriting, writing "Mandy Lee" (1899), "When the Blue Sky Turns to Gold" (1901), "My Honey Lou" (1904), and "Red Wing" (1907).
He died in Milford, Connecticut, aged 75.