OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Talking stick

A talking stick, also called a speaker's staff, is an instrument of Indigenous democracy used by a number of Indigenous communities, especially those in the Pacific Northwest nations of North America. The talking stick may be passed around a group, as multiple people speak in turn, or used only by leaders as a symbol of their authority and right to speak in public.
Akan chiefs in Western Africa have a tradition of speaker's staffs capped with gold-leafed finials. These emerged in the 19th century as a symbol of the holder's power.

## Pacific Northwest Coast art

Among many of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest, talking sticks are carved wooden staffs, which can either bear a single crest at the top or be fully carved with heraldic clan crests of the chief or hereditary political spokesman. The staffs can include shell inlay. The staffs resemble small totem poles and are still used ceremonially today. At gatherings, especially potlatches, a chief or their designated speaker holds the talking stick and makes announcements. The speaker thumps the stick on the ground for emphasis. In some situations, a feather has been used as a stand-in for the talking stick.
Talking sticks are a contemporary Northwest Coast art form with great symbolic importance. Tsimshian woodcarver David A. Boxley was commissioned to sculpt a crown of a talking stick for the 1990 Goodwill Games, that incorporated symbolism of the United States and Russia. This staff was carried from Spokane, Washington to Oregon and on to Seattle, Washington by participating athletes. Talking sticks are also incorporated into totem poles. In 1988 Kwakwaka'wakw Richard Hunt carved the world's largest totem pole featuring a Cedar Man wielding a 4.3 meter (14 foot) tall talking stick. Representations of chiefs are carved in totem poles carrying talking sticks as well as coppers.
# Ralph Stawell, 1st Baron Stawell

Ralph Stawell, 1st Baron Stawell (c.1641 – 1689) was an English landowner, soldier, Member of Parliament and peer.
He was born c.1641, the fifth son (third surviving) of John Stawell (1600–1662), who was MP for Somerset and one of the leading Royalists in the West Country during the First Civil War. He succeeded an elder brother in 1669.
Stawell married firstly (around 1667) Ann, a daughter of John Ryves, Esquire, and by her had one son, John. Ann died in 1670 and in 1672 he married secondly Abigail, daughter and heiress of William Pitt, Esq., and with her had two sons and four daughters.
In 1679, standing in the Tory or "court" interest, Colonel Ralph Stawell was returned as one of the two members of parliament for Bridgwater in Somerset. A Roman Catholic, on 15 January 1683/84 Stawell was created Baron Stawell, of Somerton in the County of Somerset. In 1688, the year of the Glorious Revolution, he was briefly Lord Lieutenant of Somerset. In a commission dated from London on 6 November 1688, the day after the landing in England of William, Prince of Orange, King James II appointed Stawell as his Lord Lieutenant in Somerset in place of Lord Waldegrave, who was the husband of the king's illegitimate daughter Henrietta FitzJames.
Some sources have claimed that with the success of the Revolution against James, Stawell was committed to the Tower of London, where he died in 1689. His parliamentary biography says that despite his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Somerset by James II, Stawell at once rallied to William of Orange and makes no suggestion that he was imprisoned.
Ralph's widow Lady Abigail Pitt died in 1692, and is buried in St Mary's church, Hartley Wespall, Hampshire. On the north wall near the door of St. Mary's church, Hartley Wespall, can be found the memorial of Abigail, Lady Dowager of Ralph Lord Stawell, died 27 September 1692, daughter and heir of William Pitt of Hartley Wespall. Above are the arms of Pitt on a lozenge, while on consoles beneath are the arms of Stawell: Gules a cross lozengy argent, and the same impaling Pitt.
# Ralph Staub (American football)

Ralph Staub (April 11, 1928 – January 1, 2022) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Cincinnati from 1977 to 1980, compiling a record of 14–28–2.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Cincinnati Bearcats (NCAA Division I/I-A independent) (1977–1980) ||||||
| 1977 | Cincinnati | 5–4–2 |
| 1978 | Cincinnati | 5–6 |
| 1979 | Cincinnati | 2–9 |
| 1980 | Cincinnati | 2–9 |
| Cincinnati: | Cincinnati: | 14–28–2 |
| Total: | Total: | 14–28–2 |
# Tapalapa (bread)

Tapalapa is a traditional West African bread originating in Senegal based on the French baguette, though it is slightly smaller, and baked in a large, traditional wood-burning oven made of mud brick. Tapalapa is hard to find in large cities in Senegal, as these wood-burning ovens are illegal in cities over 10,000 inhabitants, but is common in smaller towns and villages. Tapalapa is mainly eaten in Senegal, Mauritania, Gambia and Guinea.
It is often eaten for breakfast with akara, beans, fish, eggs or other toppings. It is also eaten for lunch and/or dinner with other West African dishes such as peppersoup.
The main ingredients are flour (both wheat and millet are used), salt, water and yeast. The resulting bread is heavier and more filling than a typical baguette.
# Ralph Payne-Gallwey

Sir Ralph William Frankland Payne-Gallwey, 3rd Baronet (1848–1916) was an English engineer, historian, ballistics expert, and artist.

## Life

The son of Sir William Payne-Gallwey, 2nd Baronet, and his wife Emily Anne, a daughter of Sir Robert Frankland-Russell, 7th Baronet, the young Payne-Gallwey was educated at Eton College. In 1881, he inherited from his father the Thirkleby Hall estate in the North Riding of Yorkshire.
He married Edith Alice Usborne. Their son William Payne-Gallwey was a soldier and first-class cricketer who was killed in action during the First World War. As a result of that, Payne-Gallwey decided to sell his Yorkshire estate.

## Works

Payne-Gallwey began by writing books on sport. Early works included The Book of Duck Decoys (1886) and Letters to Young Shooters (1892). His The Crossbow appeared in 1903, and his High Pheasants in Theory and Practice in 1913. In later life, he also turned to history and current affairs, with The Mystery of Maria Stella, Lady Newborough (1907), A History of the George Worn on the Scaffold by Charles I (1908) and The War, A Criticism (June, 1915). This was an appeal for conscription to be brought in, to greatly increase the size of the British Army. The also compiled an unpublished manuscript on archery, including tables of flight distances, illustrations and photographs of bows, and information on Turkish and Chinese archery.

### Publications

* The Crossbow, Mediaeval and Modern, Military and Sporting; its Construction, History and Management, with a Treatise on the Balista and Catapult of the Ancients (London: Longmand Green & Co., 1903; reprinted by Holland of London, 1958; new edition by Skyhorse Publishing, 2007)
* The Fowler in Ireland, or Notes on the Haunts and Habits of Wildfowl and Seafowl: Including Instructions in the Art of Shooting and Capturing Them
* The Book of Duck Decoys: Their Construction, Management, and History (London: John van Voorst, 1886)
* Letters to Young Shooters (1892)
* The Mystery of Maria Stella, Lady Newborough (London: Edward Arnold, 1907)
* A History of the George Worn on the Scaffold by Charles I (London: Edward Arnold, 1908)
* High Pheasants in Theory and Practice (London and New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1913)
* The War, A Criticism (London: Spottiswoode & Co., 1915)
# Taphoxenus

Taphoxenus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about 14 described species in Taphoxenus.

## Species

These 14 species belong to the genus Taphoxenus:
* Taphoxenus alatavicus Semenov, 1908 (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan)
* Taphoxenus cellarum (M.Adams, 1817) (worldwide)
* Taphoxenus cerberus (Ganglbauer, 1905) (Turkey)
* Taphoxenus elburzensis Casale & Wrase, 2018 (Iran)
* Taphoxenus gigas (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823) (worldwide)
* Taphoxenus goliath (Faldermann, 1836) (worldwide)
* Taphoxenus hauserianus Casale, 1988 (China)
* Taphoxenus meridionalis Casale, 1982 (Iraq and Syria)
* Taphoxenus murzini Casale & Wrase, 2018 (Iran)
* Taphoxenus persicus Jedlicka, 1952 (Iran)
* Taphoxenus pseudogracilis Vereschagina, 1987
* Taphoxenus transmontanus Semenov, 1908 (China and Kyrgyzstan)
* Taphoxenus trochanteratus Emden, 1954 (Afghanistan)
* Taphoxenus ziegleri Casale & Assmann, 2017 (Jordan)
# Ramesh Balakrishnan

Ramesh Balakrishnan is an Indian film director and television producer who has worked on Tamil films and serials.

## Career

Ramesh Balakrishnan graduated with an English literature degree, before going on to take a film making course at the Film and Television Institute of Chennai. He began his directorial career with the film Adharmam (1994) featuring Murali and Ranjitha in the lead roles, where cinematographer V. Manikandan also made his debut. His second film Pagaivan (1997) starring Ajith Kumar and Sathyaraj released three years later, with the makers experiencing delays after they fell out with the lead actress Anjala Zhaveri. He then went on to make the action drama Thadayam (1997), and took a break before making the horror film Adhu (2004), which starred Sneha in the lead role.
Moving away from feature films, he worked for UTV Mumbai and then helped launch the Mahabharatham television series on Sun TV. He then briefly headed UTV's Chennai office, before starting his own production house, Crank Mediaworks. The studio has since gone to make serials including Malli, Agni Paarvai featuring Simran and Vijay Chithiram.

## Filmography

| Year | Film |
| 1994 | Adharmam |
| 1997 | Pagaivan |
| 1997 | Thadayam |
| 2004 | Adhu |
| 2024 | Mayavalai |
# Tapan Mitra

Tapan Mitra (18 July 1948 – 3 February 2019) was an American economist.

## Life and career

Tapan Mitra was born to parents Ashok and Santi Mitra.He was born in Calcutta in 18 July, 1948. He attended St. Xavier's High School, Bombay, and Rajkumar College, Raipur. In 1968, Mitra graduated from the University of Calcutta with a degree in economics. He further studied the subject, completing a master's degree at Delhi University two years later. Mitra subsequently immigrated to the United States, where he obtained a second master's in economics, followed by a doctorate in the same subject at the University of Rochester in 1973 and 1975 respectively. He lectured at Rochester while working toward his Ph.D, joining the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1974 as an assistant professor. Mitra moved to the Stony Brook University in 1976, where he was later appointed associate professor. He began teaching at Cornell University in 1981 as full professor of economics. In 1997, Mitra was elected a fellow of the Econometric Society, and was named the Goldwin Smith Professor of Economics at Cornell in 2007. In 2016, Mitra endowed a set of prizes awarded by the Department of Economics.
# Tapan Mahmud

Tapan Mahmud is a Bangladeshi Rabindra Sangeet singer. He received Rabindra Padak from Bangla Academy in 2016.

## Career

In 1958, at the age of 5, Mahmud started taking music lessons from Narayan Chandra Saha, Fazle Nizami and Arabinda Bishwas. He rendered songs at the Bangladesh Betar and Bangladesh Television as a special grade artist since 1969. During the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971, he joined the Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra and also rendered voice as a Rabindra Sangeet artist for the Akashbani Radio of Kolkata.
Mahmud started singing since the early 1970s. He formed a cultural group, Boitalik.
Mahmud served as the founder general secretary of Bangladesh Rabindra Sangeet Shilpi Sangstha (RSSS) from 1988 to 2011 and then as the president of the organization. He has also served as a senior teacher of Rabindra Sangeet and later as principal of the Bulbul Lalitakala Academy during 1979–2008.
Mahmud has released several albums.
# Ramreddy Damodar Reddy

Ramreddy Damodar Reddy (born 14 September 1952) is an Indian Politician, representing the Indian National Congress party. R. Damodar Reddy won his seat in the 2009 Andhra Pradesh state assembly elections for Indian National Congress Party in Suryapet Constituency.

## Political career

He is five times MLA from Thungathurthy Assembly Constituency. Later he has shifted his constituency from Thungathurthy (Assembly Constituency) to Suryapet (Assembly Constituency) in 2009. R. Damodar Reddy has been a consistent and strong voice in favor of Telangana statehood issue among the Congress leaders. He also served as Minister for Communications and Information Technology in the first cabinet of YS Rajasekhara Reddy.
# Taman Selatan LRT station

The Taman Selatan LRT station is a light rapid transit (LRT) station that serves the suburb of Klang in Selangor, Malaysia. It is as one of the stations on the Shah Alam line. The station is an elevated rapid transit station in Taman Selatan, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia, forming part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System.
The station is marked as Station No. 21 along the RM9 billion line project with the line's maintenance depot located in Johan Setia, Klang. The Taman Selatan LRT station was expected to be operational in February 2024, but Transport Minister Anthony Loke mentioned that the overall line would be expected to be operational by 1st March 2025 adding more delays to the opening of the Shah Alam Line. It will have facilities such as kiosks, restrooms, elevators, taxi stand and feeder bus among others.

## Locality landmarks

* Taman Selatan Klang
* Southern Park commercial center
* Sekolah Khas Klang
* Kolej Komuniti Klang
* Euro Hotel
* SMK Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang (STAR)
* Hin Hua High School
* SK (1) & (2) Simpang Lima, Klang
* Regent International School Klang
* Taman Palm Grove
* Taman Chi Lieung
# Tassoni

Tassoni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alessandro Tassoni (1565–1635), Italian poet and writer
* Giulio Cesare Tassoni (1859–1942), Italian general
# Tassos

Tassos is a Greek male given name, which is a variant of Anastasios and means "resurrection". The name may refer to:
* Tassos Denegris (1934–2009), Greek poet
* Tassos Isaac (1972–1996), Greek Cypriot activist
* Tassos Mantzavinos (born 1958), Greek painter
* Tassos Papadopoulos (1934–2008), Cypriot politician and president
* Tassos Venetis (born 1980), Greek footballer
# Railways of Burma

Railways of Burma may refer to:
* Burma Railway - a railway connecting Thailand and Burma constructed by the Japanese using POW labor during World War II
* Rail transport in Burma
* History of rail transport in Myanmar
* for Burma Railway Company, an early British era company charged with operating the railways of Burma, see History of rail transport in Myanmar
* for government run railroads see Myanmar Railways
# Tapirus mesopotamicus

Tapirus mesopotamicus is an extinct species of tapir that lived in South America during the Pleistocene. It is considered a possible ancestor of all extant South American tapirs.

## Description

This species was originally described by B. S. Ferrero and J. I. Noriega in 2007. Their description was based on quite complete cranial pieces exhumed from sediments of the Luján River in the Diamante department, in the province of Entre Ríos, in central-eastern Argentina.
The type specimen is CICYTTP-PV-M-1-23, a skull and proximal fragment of the right jaw. Its type locality is the north bank of the Ensenada stream, on a Pleistocene lake-fluvial horizon in the "Arroyo Feliciano formation" of Argentina.
It is described as having a long and robust skull, with a short rostrum with respect to the total length of the skull. The skull has a single, non-arched sagittal crest, large flat parietal bones on the anterior skull cover, with the temporal crests converging very close to the frontal-parietal suture. The palate is highly arched, the premaxilla is deeply serrated above the canine, and the upper jaw and base of the zygomatic process are surprisingly robust. The P1 is short and quadrangular, and the mandibular condyle is thin, with the posterior wall flat or somewhat concave.
An extensive study of all the Tapirus materials collected in the fossil deposits of South America concluded that this is a valid species.
On the basis of morphometric analysis of its teeth, it is concluded that Tapirus mesopotamicus is significantly smaller than the larger fossil or living tapirs, such as Tapirus indicus, Tapirus oliverasi, Tapirus tarijensis, and Tapirus haysii; and that it was similar in size to Tapirus terrestris and Tapirus rondoniensis.

## Habitat and diet

This species, like any member of the Tapirus genus, is associated with warm climates: rainforest, savanna or humid tropical or subtropical forests near rivers; with a herbivorous diet of leaves and fruits.
# Randall

Randall may refer to the following:

## Places
### United States

* Randall, California, former name of White Hall, California, an unincorporated community
* Randall, Indiana, a former town
* Randall, Iowa, a city
* Randall, Kansas, a city
* Randall, Minnesota, a city
* Randall, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Randall, Wisconsin, a town
* Randall, Burnett County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
* Randall County, Texas
* Randall Creek, in Nebraska and South Dakota
* Randall's Island, part of New York City
* Camp Randall, Madison, Wisconsin, a former army camp, on the National Register of Historic Places
* Fort Randall, South Dakota, a former military base, on the National Register of Historic Places

### Elsewhere

* Mount Randall, Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Randall Rocks, Graham Land, Antarctica
* Randall, a community in the town of New Tecumseth, Ontario, Canada

## Businesses

* Randall Amplifiers, a manufacturer of guitar amplifiers
* Randall House Publications, American publisher
* Randall Made Knives, a manufacturer of knives
* Randalls, a retail grocery store chain based in Houston, Texas

## Schools and institutes

* Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics (the Randall), a research institute of King's College London
* Randall University, a Christian liberal arts college in Moore, Oklahoma
* Randall High School (Amarillo, Texas), a public school
* Randall Junior High School, Washington, DC, on the National Register of Historic Places

## Ships

* USS Randall, a US Navy attack transport ship in World War II
* USS General George M. Randall, a US Navy troop ship in World War II
* SS Richard Randall, a US World War II Liberty shop

## People

* Randall (given name)
* Randall (surname)

## Fictional characters
### Given name

* Randall Boggs, a character and the main antagonist in the Monsters, Inc. franchise
* Randall "Randy" Disher, on the American TV series Monk
* Randall Flagg, in works by Stephen King
* Randall Hiebert, a character from the 2020 Andrew Unger novel Once Removed
* Randall Pearson, from the American TV series This Is Us
* Randall Shire, in the Marvel Comics Universe
* Randall Weems, from the American animated TV series Recess
* Randall or Randy, a character in Trailer Park Boys

### Surname

* Hester Randall, on the Channel 5 soap opera Family Affairs
* Jeff Randall, a character in two British TV series, both titled Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) (1969, 2000)
* Josh Randall, on the American TV series Wanted: Dead or Alive, played by Steve McQueen
* Lucas Randall, on the Canadian TV series Strange Days at Blake Holsey High
* Rex Randall, on the Channel 5 soap opera Family Affairs
* Tex Randall, a 47-foot tall cowboy figure constructed in 1959 in Canyon, Texas
* Lieutenant Randall, a non-playable character in the video game Call of Duty 2

## Other uses

* Randall Airport, a public use airport in Orange County, New York
* Randall Building (disambiguation)
* Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, Oregon
* Randall House (disambiguation)
* Randall Museum, San Francisco, California
* Randall Road, a major roadway in Illinois
# Randall's prawn goby

Amblyeleotris randalli, Randall's prawn goby, is a marine benthic species of goby native to tropical reefs of the central Indo-Pacific. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.

## Description

A. randalli is a small fish which can be up to 9 centimetres (3.5 in) long. Its body is lengthened and cylindrical. The background coloration is white and banded with orange to yellow fine stripes. The first stripe goes around the front head passing through the eye. A multitude of small whitish dots are distributed on the white parts of the body. Other distinctive point, on the anterior dorsal fin when the latter is deployed, a black and white eye-spot can be seen. Eyes are round and prominent. The mouth is big and in the shape of an inverted "U".

## Habitat

A. randalli can be found on soft substrates constituted of coarse and shell sand in rubble caves at depths of from 25 to 50 metres (82 to 164 ft). It has been recorded in association with a species of prawn, generally Alpheus ochrostriatus.

## Feeding

A. randalli has a carnivorous diet and usually eats small crustaceans or fishes passing close to its burrow.

## Name

The specific name and common name honour the ichthyologist John E. Randall (born 1924) of the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, who drew the attention of the authors to this goby.
# Tanya Wilson

Tanya Denise Wilson (born June 13, 1950) is an American model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss USA 1972. Wilson had previously been crowned Miss Hawaii USA 1972, and placed in the top twelve at Miss Universe 1972, where she represented the United States.
Born in Reno, Nevada, Wilson began her pageantry career competing for Miss Nevada in 1969 and 1970, placing as a runner-up. Wilson later moved to Honolulu, Hawaii with her mother and began attending the University of Hawaiʻi. She was later crowned Miss Hawaii USA 1972, earning the right to represent Hawaii at Miss USA 1972 in Dorado, Puerto Rico. She went on to win the title, becoming the second woman from Hawaii to win Miss USA.
As Miss USA, Wilson represented the United States at Miss Universe 1972 in Dorado, where she placed in the top twelve. She finished her reign as Miss USA after crowning Amanda Jones of Illinois as Miss USA 1973.
At the time of her Miss Hawaii USA win, Wilson was a senior at the University of Hawaiʻi studying physical education, and was set to graduate the weekend after Miss USA. She had planned to become engaged to her boyfriend after her graduation, but was forced to defer the engagement after winning the title. She and her fiancé intended to marry in June 1973 after passing on her title.