OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ton of refrigeration

A ton of refrigeration (TR or TOR), also called a refrigeration ton (RT), is a unit of power used in some countries (especially in North America) to describe the heat-extraction capacity of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment. It was originally defined as the rate of heat transfer that results in the freezing or melting of 1 short ton (2,000 lb; 907 kg) of pure ice at 0 °C (32 °F) in 24 hours.
The modern definition is exactly 12,000 Btu$_{IT}$/h (3.516853 kW). Air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment capacity in the U.S. is often specified in "tons" (of refrigeration). Many manufacturers also specify capacity in Btu/h, especially when specifying the performance of smaller equipment.

## History

The ton of refrigeration is equivalent to the consumption of one ton of ice per day and originated during the transition from stored natural ice to mechanical refrigeration. Just as horsepower and candlepower were intuitive units of measure for people living through the transition from horse to steam power and from flame-based to electric lighting, so was the ton of refrigeration an intuitive unit of measure during a technological change, as the ice trade gradually included growing percentages of artificial ice (ice from ice-making plant) in addition to its natural ice supplies. The TR unit was developed during the 1880s. Its definition was set at the level of an industry standard in 1903, when Thomas Shipley of the York Manufacturing Company led the formation of an industry association (the Ice Machine Builders Association of the United States) along with standardization of several equipment specifications. In 1904 these efforts led to the founding of the American Society of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE), which was one of the predecessors of ASHRAE.
# Torpedo Stadium

Torpedo Stadium may refer to one of the following stadia:
* Torpedo Stadium (Kokshetau) in Kazakhstan
* Eduard Streltsov Stadium (Torpedo Stadium), Moscow
* Torpedo Stadium (Togliatti) in Russia
* Torpedo Stadium (Vladimir) in Russia
* Torpedo Stadium (Mahilyow) in Belarus
* Torpedo Stadium (Minsk) in Belarus
* Torpedo Stadium (Zhodino) in Belarus
# Torpedo Run!

Torpedo Run! is a 1986 board game published by Milton Bradley. It was released as a part of the "Floor Wars" series of games.

## Gameplay

Torpedo Run! plays on a 34½ × 46½ inch game board, intended for use on the floor. Game pieces include 2 battleships, 6 cruisers, and 2 submarine shooters. A total of 36 plastic ammunition chips can be loaded into ship pieces to be fired during the game.

### Objective

Torpedo Run! has three main styles of play. The first is "All-Out-War," in which players fire a supply of 18 ammo chips at their opponent's battleships, aiming to hit the targets on each one. Ships may be reloaded with ammo as the game progresses. The player who successfully knocks out the other's ships first wins the game. In the "Out-Of-Range" game, each player is equipped with 14 ammo chips. Similarly to the All-Out-War Game, players fire at each other's ships in succession, however, rather than reloading when ammo depletes, after both players run out of chips, a ceasefire begins. In the ceasefire, ships are assessed for "damage," which decides whether or not pieces may be moved. The game continues until all ships have been eliminated. The third variety of gameplay is the solo "Target Practice" game. The object of this game is simply to knock as many targets as possible using all 36 chips.
# Joe Wilson (musician)

Joseph Roy Chester Wilson is a British record producer and musician best known for his work with Sneaker Pimps. He has exhibited at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London and The CCA in Glasgow. as well as producing music for films for Channel 4 and the BBC. He also has worked with Simon Faithfull on the film 13.
He has produced for Sneaker Pimps, Client, Trash Money and occasionally produces remixes and music as Omega Man for artists such as IAMX. Along with Liam Howe, he wrote and produced an album for the German twins Claudia and Connie Holzer as Ultrafox. Currently along with Chris Tate, he writes and produces for the band Trash Money. Trash Money received a 4 out 5 review in The Guardian. He was also a lecturer at the University of Gloucestershire in Popular Music. until he made the move to Leeds college of Music in 2012. He was profiled by the Times Higher Education in 2007. Trash Money's track "Million Pound Note", was used in the trailer for the 2010 film The A-Team. In 2013, he left the University of Gloucestershire. He is now Director of Curriculum at Leeds College of Music, a conservatoire specialising in popular music, production, classical and jazz. He was made a Professor in 2014.
# Skelton Junction

Skelton Junction is a complex of railway junctions south of Manchester in Timperley, near Altrincham. The Cheshire Lines Committee's Liverpool to Manchester line, via the Glazebrook East Junction to Skelton Junction Line and the LNWR's Warrington and Altrincham Junction Railway, fed into the junction from Liverpool in the west. The Manchester, South Junction, and Altrincham Railway provided a connection from the Altrincham direction and a short spur from Timperley towards Stockport, while the CLC's Stockport, Timperley, and Altrincham Junction Railway continued east to Stockport.

## The lines today
### Active

The only line currently in use is the line from Altrincham towards Stockport; this is used by the Chester to Manchester Piccadilly via Altrincham and Northwich service. Additionally, various freight workings use the line, including heavy block trains carrying limestone from quarries at Tunstead (near Buxton) to alkali works at Northwich.

### Closed

The line via Broadheath and Lymm to Warrington closed on 7 July 1985 and has now been lifted. The line via West Timperley and Partington is still intact as far as Partington but has been disused since October 1993, when all regular freight traffic to the chemical works ceased. The Great Central Railway connection north from the CLC to the MSJ&A Rly towards Timperley Station closed before the Second World War. There used to be a small marshaling yard, including a turntable in the fork between the Altrincham and Partington lines. The yard was traversed by a long concrete footbridge known locally as The Black Bridge. A shorter green steel bridge, which is still known as The Black Bridge, has replaced this.
# Skedala

Skedala is a locality situated in Halmstad Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, with 436 inhabitants in 2020.
# Torsuut Tunoq

Torsuut Tunoq (old spelling: Torssuut Tunoq) is a sound on the southeastern coast of Greenland. It is an inner waterway of the North Atlantic.

## Geography

The sound separates Kulusuk Island in the south from Apusiaajik Island in the northeast, and from the small Akinaaq island and smaller skerries in the northwest. The strait waterway connects Ammassalik Fjord in the northwest with the North Atlantic in the southeast, through the Ikaasaartik Strait.
During winter pack ice and small icebergs pushed forth by the East Greenland Current ram against the northeastern coast, blocking the narrow Ikaasaartik Strait and facilitating the freeze of the much wider Torsuut Tunoq sound. The tidewater Apusiaajik Glacier drains into the sound in its northernmost part.

## Settlement

Kulusuk is the only settlement in the area, located on an island of the same name on the southern coast of the sound.

## Transport

The inhabitants of Kulusuk use snowmobiles and traditional dogsleds as additional means of transport during wintertime−families arriving at the Kulusuk Airport are ferried to the settlement on both, using the frozen waterway.
In the summer, the cargo boats of Royal Arctic Line connect Kulusuk and Tasiilaq, providing an ad hoc alternative for the helicopter flights of Air Greenland. Polar cruises bound for, or returning from the coastal voyages in the Kangertittivaq fjord and the shores of Northeast Greenland National Park often visit the area on their way from/to Tasiilaq, albeit without anchoring in the harbour due to the shallowness of the coastal waters in the sound.
# Tony Antrobus

Anthony John Antrobus (born 8 April 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the North Adelaide Roosters in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) and had stints with Essendon and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was commonly referred to by his nickname of "The Ant". Although only weighing 72 kg and being 174 cm tall, Antrobus was a very aggressive player who never took a backward step. Tony Antrobus was the winner of the 1983 Magarey Medal while playing for North Adelaide.

## Career

As a forward with considerable speed and goal sense, Antrobus first played for North Adelaide in 1981 and scored one Magarey Medal vote from his three games (contrary to other articles, which stated that he was awarded three votes in each of those three games). He won the award in 1983, becoming the tenth North Adelaide player to achieve the most sought after individual award in the SANFL. The talent scouts from Victoria persisted in pursuing one of the most sought after players in the SANFL. He eventually was lured to the VFL in 1987 to join Essendon but niggling injuries kept his appearances limited, playing 22 games over four seasons. St Kilda picked him up in 1991 but the following year he decided to return to his home state for one last season with the Roosters, where he played four Foundation Cup pre-season games before retiring.
Antrobus was named in the forward pocket in the official North Adelaide 'Team of the Century'.
On 24 October 2000, Antrobus was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for being a "recipient of the highest individual honour in South Australian Football".
# Siwani (disambiguation)

Siwani may refer to:
* Siwani, a city and a municipal committee in Bhiwani district in the north Indian state of Haryana
* Ronald Siwani (1980–2013), South African cricketer
# Jogidaha

Jogidaha (ward no. 1 of Triyuga municipality) is a populated place located in Triyuga municipality of Udayapur District in Province No. 1 of Nepal. At the time of 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 6,665 people living in 1,451 individual households.
Previously, Jogidaha was a separate village development committee in Udayapur District of Sagarmatha Zone in Eastern Region. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4698 people living in 872 individual households.
Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, MoFALD replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality), thus Jogidah was merged with Triyuga Municipality. Jogidah was arranged into two wards of Triyuga municipality, some part carved out from Jogidah and merged with ward no. 2 (Motiyahi) so total area of Jogidah (Ward no. 1) remained 46.5 KM² and total population was 4059.

## Administration

Jogidaha (ward no. 1), Triyuga :
| Members | Name | Party |
| Ward president | Manoj Kumar Chaudhary | NC |
| Member 1 | Arjun Kumar Chaudhary | NC |
| Member 2 | Tej Bahadur Basnet | NC |
| Female Member | Shyam Kumari Rai | NC |
| Dalit Female Member | Arti Sada | NC |
# Jogikalasanapalli

Jogikalasanapalli is a village in the Hosur taluk of Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, India.
# Jogidas Khuman

Jogidas Khuman may refer to:

## People

* Jogidas Khuman, an outlaw of Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India, subject of regional folklore and popular culture (see below)

## Films

* Jogidas Khuman (1948 film), a 1948 Indian Gujarati-language film directed by Manhar Raskapur
* Jogidas Khuman (1962 film), a 1962 Indian Gujarati-language film directed by Manhar Raskapur
* Jogidas Khuman (1975 film), a 1975 Indian Gujarati-language film directed by Manhar Raskapur
# Joey Marciano

Joey James Marciano (born January 11, 1995) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Chicago Dogs of the American Association of Professional Baseball. He played for the Italian national team in the 2023 World Baseball Classic.

## Career
### Amateur

Marciano grew up in Chicago. He attended Roberto Clemente Community Academy and began playing baseball in his freshman year. He also participated in Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities. Marciano received a scholarship to play college baseball at John A. Logan College. As a freshman, Marciano was named the Great Rivers Athletic Conference's freshman of the year. In his sophomore year, he had a 7–4 win–loss record and a 2.52 earned run average in 11 games started, with six complete games and two shutouts, and he was named the conference's pitcher of the year. After two years at Logan, he transferred to Southern Illinois University Carbondale to continue his college baseball career with the Southern Illinois Salukis.

### San Francisco Giants

The San Francisco Giants drafted Marciano in the 36th round, with the 1,086th overall selection, of the 2017 Major League Baseball draft. In 2018, Marciano played for the Augusta GreenJackets, and was named to the South Atlantic League All-Star Game. He struggled with the San Jose Giants in 2019, allowing 40 hits in 41+2⁄3 innings pitched, and retired from baseball in July. Back in Chicago, he trained with D. J. Snelten, who helped him to add 4–5 miles per hour (6.4–8.0 km/h) on his fastball. Marciano chose to return to baseball in 2020, but the minor league season was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
He pitched for the Double–A Richmond Flying Squirrels in 2021. In 39 contests, he registered a 3.09 ERA with 59 strikeouts in 46+2⁄3 innings pitched. Marciano spent the 2022 season with the Triple–A Sacramento River Cats. Across 56 appearances, he logged a 4.12 ERA with 62 strikeouts and 9 saves in 59.0 innings of work.
In 2023, he made 31 appearances for the River Cats, but struggled to a 4–5 record and 6.75 ERA with 51 strikeouts and 3 saves in 42+2⁄3 innings pitched. On July 26, 2023, Marciano was released by the Giants organization.

### Dorados de Chihuahua

On January 10, 2024, Marciano signed with the Diablos Rojos del México of the Mexican League. However, he was released by the team prior to the LMB season on March 25.
On April 10, 2024, Marciano signed with the Dorados de Chihuahua of the Mexican League. In three appearances for Chihuahua, he struggled to a 13.50 ERA with 2 strikeouts across 1+1⁄3 innings. Marciano was released by the Dorados on April 26.

### Chicago Dogs

On May 12, 2024, Marciano signed with the Chicago Dogs of the American Association of Professional Baseball.

## International career

In 2023, Marciano played for the Italian national team in the 2023 World Baseball Classic.

## Personal life

Marciano has three younger sisters and a younger brother.
Rocky Marciano is a cousin twice removed on his father's side of the family.
# Totally Hits 2004

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Totally Hits 2004 is an album in the Totally Hits series. This was the third and final album not to contain a Billboard Hot 100 number-one hit.

## Track listing

* Jet - "Are You Gonna Be My Girl" (3:37)
* Maroon 5 - "Harder to Breathe" (2:55)
* Jason Mraz - "You and I Both" (3:37)
* Kelis - "Milkshake" (3:08)
* Sean Paul featuring Sasha - "I'm Still in Love with You" (3:34)
* Ying Yang Twins featuring Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz - "Salt Shaker" (4:10)
* J-Kwon - "Tipsy" (3:58)
* T.I. - "Rubberband Man" (4:38)
* Alicia Keys - "You Don't Know My Name" (4:29)
* Christina Aguilera - "The Voice Within" (4:26)
* Ruben Studdard - "Sorry 2004" (4:21)
* Justin Timberlake - "I'm Lovin' It" (3:40)
* Kelly Clarkson - "The Trouble with Love Is" (3:41)
* Dido - "White Flag" (3:37)
* Clay Aiken - "Invisible" (4:04)
* Simple Plan - "Perfect" (4:40)
* Michelle Branch - "Breathe" (3:30)
* R. Kelly - "Step in the Name of Love" (Remix) (5:10)
* Joe - "More & More" (3:46)
* Missy Elliott - "Pass That Dutch" (3:43)

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Johann Gottfried Grund

Johann Gottfried Grund (27 April 1733 - 20 September 1796) was a German-Danish sculptor. He created the sculptures in Nordmandsdalen at Fredensborg Palace. The sculptures in Nordmandsdalen have been replaced by replicas while Grund's original works have been moved to Christian IV's Brewhouse in Copenhagen.

## Early life and education

Grund was born on 27 April 1733 in Meissén, the son of Johan Georg Grund and Anna Magdalena Grund. Beginning in 1748, he was educated as a sculptor in Dresden and later worked for Fr. G. B. Adam in Berlin.

## Career

Grund moved to Copenhagen in 1757, where he initially worked for court sculptor and fellow Meisener Johann Friedrich Hännel. He was himself appointed as court sculptor in 1766; beginning in 1766 the crown also employed him as a stone carver and stucco artist. He was in 1771 also granted citizenship as basketmaker.
Grund worked at the royal palaces from 1762, partly with repair work and partly with independent works of relatively minor prominence. From 1874 onwards, he was responsible for creating the statues for Nordmandsdalen in the park at Fredensborg Palaqce. The statues of Norwegians in national costumes were based on Jørgen Garnaa's ivory figurines.

## Personal life

Grund married Elisabeth Mandorff (died 12 December 1728), Friederich Hännel's widow, on 28 January 1762 in St. Peter's Church in Copenhagen. She was the daughter of basketmaker Jacob Mandorff (ca 1665-1744) and Cathrine (ca. 1687-1755).
They lived in Hännel's former property pm corner of Ved Stranden and Boldhusgade. His wife died in 1780. The building was destroyed in the Copenhagen Fire of 1795. Grund died on 20 September 1796 and is buried at St. Peter's Church in Copenhagen.

## Gallery

* Bride from Vinje
* Groom from Vinje
* Bride and groom from Eiland on Færøerne
* Bust of Claudi Rosset
# Touques

Touques can refer to:
* Touques, Calvados, a commune of the Calvados département, in northern France
* Touques (river), a small coastal river in Normandy, France,
* the plural form of touque, a regional variation of tuque/toque (a knitted hat, usually made of wool).
# Sleeps Hill railway station

Sleeps Hill was a former railway station that served a number of ballast quarries for the South Australian Railways (SAR). It was approximately 11–12 km from Adelaide railway station.

## History

From 1909, a branch line, parallel to the main line and the Clapham branch line, served the Sleeps Hill quarries. The branch became the second main line in 1915, and the quarries were worked by a backshunt from Eden Hills. For a short time, from 1916, Sleeps Hill was the Southern limit of SAR suburban train workings, until the double track passed through the new tunnels to Eden Hills. The station was relocated to the south of the quarry sidings in the 1940s and removed when Lynton station was opened in the mid-1950s. Some of the foundations of the station buildings, the trees from the station gardens, some of the foundations of the quarry crushing plant, and evidence of the alignment of the spur lines and sidings are all that remain.
In 1995, the western track of the double broad gauge track was converted to standard gauge, and the eastern track was doubled to provide one of the four crossing points on the current Adelaide-Belair passenger service.

## Quarries

A pamphlet produced by the SA Department of Mines and Energy in May 1990 states:
    "Twelve quarries were developed near Sleeps Hill." ... "Quarries were opened in 1916 and were taken over by Adelaide Quarries Ltd in 1919. During the 1920s, the quarries were one of the leading producers of crushed rock in South Australia and employed up to 100 men." ... "After 1930, the Depression seriously curtailed operations, and quarrying eventually ceased about 1950." ... "Quarrying methods were both labour-intensive and dangerous - four men were killed in accidents at Sleeps Hill." ... "A flying fox was installed in 1924 to handle large blocks of stone for use in break-waters."
The Department of Mines and Energy, and the City of Mitcham, have placed a sign-board with information on the history of the quarries and crushing plant:
    "Two crushing plants, erected in the 1920s on either side of the valley, were connected by a siding to the railway. These concrete foundations are the remains of a larger plant. The crushed rock was used in roadmaking, concrete and building work, paths and bitumen.
    Broken stone from the quarries was dumped into a storage bin and fed by gravity into a primary jaw crusher. Secondary crushing was done by a gyratory crusher. The material was elevated to screens, where it was graded and deposited into a bin divided into compartments for the various sizes.
    Crushed material from the northern plant was carried to the storage bin by a conveyor belt supported on a trestle framework. All power was supplied by electric motors. Workshops for blacksmithing and fitting and two compressors, which supplied air via pipelines for rock drills at the quarries, were located nearby.
    Official Inspector of Mines and Quarries reports indicate that safety standards in the plant were far removed from those of today. A mill hand was killed in a fall from the plant in 1932."
# Torazuka Kofun

The Torazuka Kofun (虎塚古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound located in what is now the Nakane neighborhood of city of Hitachinaka in Ibaraki Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. It received protection as a National Historic Site in 1974.

## Overview

The Torazuka Kofun is located in a forested plateau at an elevation of about 20 meters, where several other kofun tumuli have been found. It was excavated by Meiji University in 1973, and was found to be a rare example of a decorated kofun. The tumulus is a medium-sized zenpō-kōen-fun (前方後円墳), which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above, with a total length of 56.5 meters. The tumulus was once surrounded by a moat.
Internally, the tumulus has a stone burial chamber made from large blocks of tuff that opens to the south side of the posterior circular portion, and which was found to be intact from ancient times. The chamber has a length of 2.8 meters, width of 1.8 meters, height of 1.4 meters. Within was the skeletal remains of one adult male. Grave goods included a lacquered small iron sword, iron spears, fragments of armor and horse harnesses, iron stirrups, and other items. Of great interest was the fact that the walls, floor and ceiling of the burial chamber had been painted and decorated. The floor and ceiling were vermillion, whereas the walls were coating in a white clay and covered with geometric patterns in vermillion. These drawings included concentric circles, hourglass-shaped designed and a serrated border at the ceiling.
The opening of the burial chamber was the first time in Japan that a scientific survey (for temperature and humidity, microorganisms, etc.) had been conducted prior to the opening of the intact stone chamber. The construction of the tumulus is estimated to be in the first half of the 7th century.
The tumulus is open to the public for a couple of days each year in the spring March–April and autumn November. It is located about 15 minutes by car from Katsuta Station on the JR East Jōban Line. Or about five minutes by car from Nakane Station on the Minato Line.

### Total length

    56.5 meters:

### Anterior rectangular portion

    38.5 meters wide x 7.2 meters high

### Posterior circular portion

    32.5 meter diameter x 7.5 meters
# Sleeper torpedo

The sleeper torpedo (Crassinarke dormitor) is a species of electric ray in the family Narkidae. It is the only species in the genus Crassinarke. It occurs in relatively shallow water off the coasts of southern Japan, China and Taiwan. It may be the same species as the Japanese sleeper ray (Narke japonica)