OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lex Caecilia Didia

The lex Caecilia Didia was a law put into effect by the consuls Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos and Titus Didius in the year 98 BC. This law had two provisions. The first was a minimum period between proposing a Roman law and voting on it, and the second was a ban of miscellaneous provisions in a single Roman law. This law was reinforced by the lex Junia Licinia in 62 BC, an umbrella law introduced by Lucius Licinius Murena and Decimus Junius Silanus.

## Provisions

The Bobbio Scholiast describes the first provision: "The Caecilian and Didian law decreed that the period of trinundium be observed for promulgating laws." The lex Caecilia Didia, then, determined how much time had to be allowed between the publication of a law and its vote in the assembly. The period of time designated by trinundium has been taken to mean either three Roman eight-day weeks (that is, 24 days) or tertiae nundinae, on the third market-day (17 days).
The second provision of the lex Caecilia Didia forbade leges saturae, "stuffed" laws, which were statutes dealing with heterogeneous subject matters. This meant that in a single Roman bill, there could not be a collection of unrelated measures — what might in modern terms be called omnibus bills. Cicero gave an interpretation of the law in his Oratio de domo sua ("Speech concerning His House") after his return from exile: "What other force, what other meaning, I should like to know, has the Caecilian and Didian law, except this; that the people are not to be forced in consequence of many different things being joined in one complicated bill."
It did not take long for the lex Caecilia Didia to be put into action. Most significantly, in 91 BC the consul Lucius Marcius Philippus, in his capacity as an augur, managed to have the laws of the tribune Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger abrogated on the grounds that they contravened the second provision of the lex Caecilia Didia. This act is often seen as a major contributory factor in the outbreak of the Social War (91–88 BC).

## Political background

The lex Caecilia Didia was a direct response to the events of 100 BC and an attempt to reduce hasty legislation passed in the comitia. In that year, Gaius Marius gained his sixth term as consul. Under Marius, the popularist tribune Saturninus and the praetor Glaucia proposed and passed liberal land laws assigning land in the province of Africa to Marius’s veterans. However, the radical nature of these bills and the forcible methods Saturninus and Glaucia used in ensuring their passage alienated a large part of the Roman people and eventually even Marius. As a result Saturninus’s laws were repealed, and the lex Caecilia Didia was introduced. The goal was to curb the passage of radical bills, with the assumption that the period of trinundium would give the citizens time to understand the proposed law or to be persuaded to vote against it.
# Thomas Binford

Thomas Oriel Binford has been a researcher in image analysis and computer vision since 1967. He developed a model-based approach to computer vision in which complex objects are represented as collections of generalized cylinders. His results are reflected in work in other areas of research, including the interpretation of complex scenes using invariants and quasi-invariants, inference rules and evidential reasoning in extended Bayes networks of symbolic geometric constraints, the SUCCESSOR system, a portable, intelligent vision system, stereo and visual robot navigation, segmentation and feature estimation in complex images, color image analysis, surface material analysis, and image compression. He has led the development of numerous computer vision systems, including systems successfully employed in brain surgery on humans, high-precision automated machining, and helicopter navigation.
Binford received a Ph.D. in particle physics in 1965 from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, under the supervision of Myron L. Good; his thesis was entitled "Angular Distribution and Polarization of Neutral Hyperons Produced in Association with Neutral Kaons". He was a Fulbright Scholar at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai, India from 1965 to 1966, and a research scientist at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory from 1966 to 1970.
From 1970 to 2000 he was a professor of computer science at Stanford University; in 2000 he retired to become an emeritus professor. While at Stanford, Professor Binford supervised more than 40 PhD theses while leading research in computer vision, artificial intelligence, medical image processing, radar image understanding, robotics, industrial inspection, and manufacturing; notable students of Binford's include Rodney Brooks and Jitendra Malik.
Since retiring from active research at Stanford, Binford has founded and is chairman and chief technology officer of Read-Ink Technologies Pvt. Ltd., a company in Bangalore, India specializing in online handwriting recognition software. In 1994 Thomas Binford was elected a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence "for his role as a founding father in the field of computer vision and model-based perception in robotics; and for his many contributions to the fields".
# Leyser Levin

Leyser Levin (1830 – 26 January 1908) was a Prussian-born Australian politician.
Little is known of his early life. He married his wife Johanna in England and had seven children. By the time he entered politics he was a storekeeper in Corowa. In 1880 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Hume. Re-elected in 1882, he did not re-contest in 1885. Levin died at St Kilda in Melbourne in 1908.
# Thomas Duncan

Thomas Duncan may refer to:
* Thomas Duncan (general) (1819–1887), United States Army general during the Civil War
* Thomas Duncan (Canadian politician) (died 1910), politician in Manitoba, Canada
* Thomas Duncan (painter) (1807–1845), Scottish portraitist and historical painter
* Thomas Duncan (American politician) (1893–1959), Milwaukee Socialist senator and representative
* Thomas Young Duncan (1836–1914), New Zealand Liberal Party politician
* Thomas William Duncan (1905–1987), US writer
* Thomas Eric Duncan (1972–2014), first person to die of Ebola in the United States
* Tommy Duncan (1911–1967), American musician
* Tommy Duncan (footballer) (born 1936), Scottish footballer and manager
# Thomas Spinks

Thomas Spinks QC (26 September 1819 – 14 January 1899) was an English first-class cricketer and barrister.
The son of William Spinks, he was born at Westminster in September 1819. He was educated at the Merchant Taylors' School, before going up to St John's College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Cambridge University in The University Match of 1840. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed without scoring win both Oxford innings' by Edward Sayres and William de St Croix respectively. With the ball, he took the wickets of William Pickering, de St Croix and Sayres in the Cambridge first-innings.
After graduating from Oxford, he became an advocate of the Doctors' Commons in 1849, until a motion for its disestablishment in January 1858. Becoming a member of the Inner Temple, he was called to the bar in November 1858. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in December 1866 and became a bencher the following year. By 1880, he was the registrar of York district probate registry. Spinks died at his home at Upper Sydenham in January 1899.
# Lightning Lake (Minnesota)

Lightning Lake is a lake in Grant County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Lightning Lake probably received its name from an incident when a party of explorers were almost struck by lightning near the lake.
# Thyatira hedemanni

Thyatira hedemanni is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Hugo Theodor Christoph in 1885. It is found in Georgia, Turkey, Armenia, Iran and Azerbaijan.
# Ghost Brigade (disambiguation)

Ghost Brigade is a 1993 American supernatural horror film.
Ghost Brigade may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Ghost Brigade, a 1993 American supernatural horror film
* Ghost Brigade (band)
* The Ghost Brigades, a 2006 science fiction novel
* Ghost Brigade (song), a 2022 song by the rock band Creeper

## Military

* 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) referred to as the Ghost Brigade
* 9th Special Forces Brigade referred to as the Ghost Brigade
* Prizrak Brigade referred to as the Ghost Brigade
* 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division referred to as the Phantom Brigade
# Passera (surname)

Passera is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Camillo Passera (1965), former Italian racing cyclist
* Corrado Passera (1954), Italian manager and banker
* José Passera (1915–1990), Argentine former sports shooter
# Van Albada

van Albada may refer to:
# Sedenia

Sedenia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854.

## Species

* Sedenia achroa Lower, 1902
* Sedenia aspasta Meyrick, 1887
* Sedenia atacta (Turner, 1942)
* Sedenia cervalis Guenée, 1854
* Sedenia erythrura Lower, 1893
* Sedenia leucogramma Turner, 1937
* Sedenia mesochorda Turner, 1917
* Sedenia polydesma Lower, 1900
* Sedenia rupalis Guenée, 1854
* Sedenia xeroscopa Lower, 1900
# Zengővárkony

Zengővárkony is a village in Baranya county, Hungary.
* This Baranya County–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Phylloboletellus

Phylloboletellus is a genus of bolete fungi in the family Boletaceae.
# Kévin Thobois

Kévin Thobois (born 20 February 1992 in Izier) is a French Grand Prix motorcycle racer.

## Career statistics
### By season

| Season | Class | Motorcycle | Team | Number | Race | Win | Podium | Pole | FLap | Pts | Plcd |
| 2011 | 125cc | Honda | Team RMS | 92 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| Total | | | | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |

### Races by year

(key)
| Yr | Class | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | Pos | Pts |
| 2011 | 125cc | Honda | QAT | SPA | POR | FRA 28 | CAT | GBR | NED | ITA | GER | CZE | INP | RSM | ARA | JPN | AUS | MAL | VAL | NC | 0 |
# WVL

WVL may refer to:
* Wisconsin Virtual Learning, a charter school of the Northern Ozaukee School District
* WVL, the IATA code for Waterville Robert LaFleur Airport, Maine, United States
* WVL, the ICAO code for Wizz Air Bulgaria, a defunct Bulgarian airline
* WVL, the station code for Wyndham Vale railway station, Victoria, Australia
# Walko

Walko is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Don Walko (born 1953), American politician
* Lajos Walko (1880–1954), Hungarian politician
# Telephone numbers in Niue

An updated numbering plan for Niue took effect from 1 May 2018. The country code for Niue is +683, and the international call prefix is 00.

## Allocations

List of allocations :
| Assignment | Country code | Telephone number | Status |
| Operator assistance | 683 | 010 | Active |
| Faults & directory service | 683 | 015 | Active |
| Weather & tidal information | 683 | 101 | Active |
| Emergency | | 999 | Active |
| Reserved | 683 | 1000 – 1099 | Reserved |
| Post paid AMPS mobile | 683 | 1100 – 1999 | Not Active |
| Prepaid GSM fixed wireless | 683 | 2000 – 2999 | Not Active |
| Post paid AMPS FWT | 683 | 3000 – 3999 | Not Active |
| Post paid PSTN | 683 | 4000 – 4999 | Active |
| Prepaid GSM mobile 2G | 683 | 5000 – 5999 | Active |
| Prepaid GSM mobile 2G | 683 | 6000 – 6999 | Active |
| Postpaid PSTN | 683 | 7000 – 9999 | Active |
| Prepaid LTE mobile | 683 | 8884000 – 8889999 | Active |
# Waddan Airport

Waddan Airport (ICAO: HL72) is an airport serving the town of Waddan in the Jufra District of Libya. The airport is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the town.
The Hon non-directional beacon (Ident: HON) is located 11 nautical miles (20 km) west of the airport.
# Wadde hadde dudde da?

"Wadde hadde dudde da?" (German pronunciation:; a derivative of the expression was hast du da? "what do you have there?") was the German entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000, performed in an invented dialect of German by comedian Stefan Raab. The song was the fifteenth performed on the night, following Denmark's Olsen Brothers with "Fly on the Wings of Love" and preceding Switzerland's Jane Bogaert with "La vita cos'è?". At the close of voting, it had received 96 points, placing fifth in a field of 24.
The idea of the song could have come from Raab's show TV total, where a short snippet from another TV-show shows a woman with her dog, which carries something in its mouth to her. In a childish cutesy dialect she asks the dog what he has there (in its mouth), hence the "Wadde hadde dudde da?".
Raab had previously written and composed Guildo Horn's "Guildo hat euch lieb!" for the 1998 contest, and "Wadde hadde dudde da?" is in a similar vein. The song opens with a monologue delivered in English and German in which Raab is described as "the sensational super sack of German television". Another voice explains in German that Raab had gone to America and promised, "if I make it there / I'm never coming back to Germany again".
Raab's appearance consists of a rapid-fire hip-hop-inspired delivery of tongue twisters in an invented German dialect on the general theme of questions about what "he has there". After the opening lines, a female vocalists asks in broken English "I am so curious, I just wanna know what you there have" (a reference to German word order). It is never revealed what Raab has there, but the final line "oh my God", implies that it is something surprising or obscene.
The performance at the Contest was flamboyant, with Raab and his guitarists dressed in cowboy hats, and the six-person ensemble all wearing bright yellow clothing. An excerpt of the performance appeared in a montage of "Unforgettable Performances" at the Congratulations special in late 2005.
It was succeeded as German representative at the 2001 contest by Michelle with "Wer Liebe lebt".

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 34 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 2 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 33 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2000) | Position |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 77 |
# Waddan

Waddan may refer to:
* Waddan, Libya, a town in Libya
* Barbary sheep, the North African Barbary sheep
* Invasion of Waddan, a 7th-century battle in modern Saudi Arabia
# Körlü Beyi

Körlü Beyi (or Körlübeyi; formerly Gürlü) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 63 (2022). It is situated in Çukurova (Cilicia of the antiquity). Its distance to Tarsus is 18 kilometres (11 mi) and its distance to Mersin is 45 kilometres (28 mi). The former name of the village was Gürlü. The main economic activity is farming and the major crop is grape.
# Körmenlik

Körmenlik is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çamlıyayla, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 254 (2022). It is situated in the Taurus Mountains. Its distance to Çamlıyayla is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi).
# Körmt and Örmt

In Norse mythology, Körmt and Örmt are two rivers which Thor wades through every day when he goes to judgment by Yggdrasill. The source for this is a strophe in Grímnismál which is also quoted in the Prose Edda.
# Walnut Township, Atchison County, Kansas

Walnut Township is a township in Atchison County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 441.

## Geography

Walnut Township covers an area of 37.2 square miles (96.4 km$^2$) and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains three cemeteries: Mount Gillian, Sapp and Sumner.
The streams of Little Walnut Creek, Owl Creek and Walnut Creek run through this township.
# L'Amateur d'Art

L'Amateur d'Art (or Journal de l'amateur d'art), in English, the Art Amateur, is a former French monthly magazine, specialized in visual arts.

## History

Its purpose was to introduce or better understand the creative approach or works of many contemporary artists, both figurative and abstract, including Raphy, Alfred Reth, Ladislas Kijno, Alexandre Frenel, Jean-Pierre Ceytaire, Étienne Ritter, Joseph Espalioux, Alexis Hinsberger, Bernard Conte, Pierre Jutand, Tomaso Pomentale, and the sculptor Charles Machet.
Among the most renowned contributors to this publication over the decades were Gilbert Prouteau, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Georges Pillement, Jacques Dubois, Nicole Lamothe and Pierre Mornand.

## Director

Well known Parisian art dealer in the post-war era, Michel Boutin was its director during the 1970s-1980s. The publication ceased in the early 1990s, shortly after his death.
# Tedei

The Tedei, otherwise known as the Thirrily, are an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia. They are a branch of the Yingkarta.

## Country

Tedei land consisted of some 3,100 square miles (8,000 km$^2$) extending from the east coast of Shark Bay through to the Wooramel River valley's headwaters as far as Pimbie, Carey Downs and the vicinity of Towrana. It included the coastal area north of Yaringa. inland to the headwaters, north only to Pimbie. Their limits were defined as a day's walk from either bank of the Wooramel.

## People

The Tedei were once classified as an autonomous tribe. The work of linguist Peter Austin points to the conclusion that they, the Tedei/Thirrily, were actually a dialect division of the Yingkarta, together with the Mandi tribe.

## Social organisation

The Tedei did not practice circumcision or Pazam.

## Alternative names

* Tjoki
* Choekie
* Chockie
# Kıyıköy, Gümüşova

Kıyıköy is a village in the Gümüşova District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 669 (2022).
# Kyrle

Kyrle may refer to:
* Cosmo Kyrle Bellew (1883–1948), British film actor
* Kyrle Bellew (1850–1911), English stage and silent film actor
* James Kyrle MacCurdy (1875–1923), British theater actor
* James Kyrle-Money (1775–1843), British soldier
* John Kyrle (1637–1724), English philanthropist
* Josef Kyrle (1880–1926), Austrian pathologist
* Martha Kyrle (1917–2017), Austrian physician
* Roger Money-Kyrle (1898–1980), English psychoanalyst
* Rowland Money-Kyrle (1866–1928), English archdeacon
* Walter Kyrle (1600–1650), English politician
# Wah Yan

Wah Yan may refer to:
* Wah Yan College, Hong Kong
* Wah Yan College, Kowloon
* Wah Yan College Cats
* Wah Yan Dramatic Society
* Wah Yan One Family Foundation
# Ted Murphy (historian)

Thaddeus J. Murphy, better known as Ted Murphy, (April 23, 1935 – April 13, 2021) was an Irish wine historian and writer.

## Biography

Murphy was born on April 23, 1935, in Cork, Ireland. He was educated at the North Monastery Primary School and Christian Brothers Secondary School located in Cork.
In 2005, his book, A Kingdom of Wine: A Celebration of Ireland's Winegeese, was published. The book was selected for the World Gourmand Awards held in Beijing, China. He is also known for coining a term Wine Geese.
In 2007, University College Cork conferred him an honorary doctorate for his research work in wine history.
Murphy played an instrumental role in establishing International Museum of Wine at Desmond Castle.
# Tempest (UK band)

Tempest was a British rock band active from 1972 to 1974. Its core members were Jon Hiseman on drums and Mark Clarke on bass. They released two studio albums before breaking up.

## History

Hiseman and Clarke had played in Colosseum together and formed Tempest at the beginning of 1973. For the band's first, eponymous album (originally called Jon Hiseman's Tempest), the line-up was completed by Allan Holdsworth on guitar and Paul Williams on vocals and keyboards.
Later in Tempest's brief history, they were joined by Ollie Halsall, who had played guitar with progressive rock band Patto. With two guitarists, the group played a number of shows beginning with a June 1973 show at Golders Green Hippodrome, London, which was broadcast by the BBC and later released as a bootleg erroneously entitled Live in London 1974. By the time a second album was recorded, 1974's Living in Fear, Tempest was down to a trio, consisting of Hiseman, Clarke, and Halsall; reportedly Holdsworth didn't want to play alongside a second guitarist. The band broke up soon after.
In 2005, a double CD anthology was released entitled Under the Blossom which featured remastered editions of the two studio albums, two previously unreleased studio tracks from the Living in Fear era and the BBC live recording of the June 1973 concert at Golders Green with the two guitar line-up.

## Discography
### Tempest

Side 1:
* "Gorgon" (Hiseman/Clarke/Holdsworth) – 5:41
* "Foyers of Fun" (Hiseman/Clarke/Holdsworth) – 3:38
* "Dark House" (Hiseman/Clarke/Holdsworth) – 5:00
* "Brothers" (Hiseman/Holdsworth) – 3:35
Side 2:
* "Up and On" (John Edwards/Holdsworth) – 4:16
* "Grey and Black" (Clarke/Suzy Bottomley) – 2:26
* "Strangeher" (Clarke/Hiseman) – 4:07
* "Upon Tomorrow" (Clem Clempson/Hiseman) – 6:15
Personnel
* Paul Williams: vocals, acoustic guitar, keyboards
* Allan Holdsworth: guitars, vocals, violin
* Mark Clarke: bass, keyboards; vocals on "Grey and Black"
* Jon Hiseman: drums, percussion

### Living in Fear

Side 1:
* "Funeral Empire" (Halsall) – 4:25
* "Paperback Writer" (Lennon–McCartney) – 2:30
* "Stargazer" (Clarke/Bottomley) – 3:36
* "Dance to My Tune" (Clarke/Bottomley) – 7:50
Side 2:
* "Living in Fear" (Halsall) – 4:19
* "Yeah Yeah Yeah" (Halsall/Hiseman) – 3:40
* "Waiting for a Miracle" (Halsall) – 5:18
* "Turn Around" (Clarke/Bottomley) – 6:12
Personnel
* Ollie Halsall - guitars, Moog synthesizer, piano, vocals
* Mark Clarke - bass guitar, vocals
* Jon Hiseman - drums, percussion

### Under the Blossom (double CD anthology)

Disc 1:
* "Gorgon"
* "Foyers of Fun"
* "Dark House"
* "Brothers"
* "Up and On"
* "Grey and Black"
* "Strangeher"
* "Upon Tomorrow"
* "Funeral Empire"
* "Paperback Writer"
* "Stargazer"
* "Dance to My Tune"
* "Living in Fear"
* "Yeah, Yeah, Yeah"
* "Waiting for a Miracle"
* "Turn Around"
Disc 2:
* "You and Your Love" (previously unreleased)
* "Dream Train" (previously unreleased)
* "Foyers of Fun" (BBC In Concert)
* "Gorgon" (BBC In Concert)
* "Up and On" (BBC In Concert)
* "Grey and Black" (BBC In Concert)
* "Brothers" (BBC In Concert)
* "Drums Away" (BBC In Concert)
* "Strangeher" (BBC In Concert)
# Waduborala

Waduborala is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Southern Province.
# Wallace Lupino

Wallace Lupino (23 January 1898 – 11 October 1961) was a British-born stage and film actor who was a member of the Lupino family. He appeared in 63 films between 1918 and 1945, most often with his older brother, Lupino Lane. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and died in Ashford, Kent, England.

## Selected filmography

* The Fighting Dude (1925)
* His Private Life (1926)
* Children of Chance (1930)
* Never Trouble Trouble (1931)
* No Lady (1931)
* Josser on the River (1932)
* The Innocents of Chicago (1932)
* The Bad Companions (1932)
* The Melody-Maker (1933)
* The Stolen Necklace (1933)
* Trust the Navy (1935)
* The Deputy Drummer (1935)
* The Student's Romance (1935)
* The Man Who Could Work Miracles (1936)
* Love Up the Pole (1936)
* Shipmates o' Mine (1936)
* Hot News (1936)
* The Lambeth Walk (1939)
* Waterloo Road (1945)
# Wakasa

Wakasa may refer to:
* Wakasa Province, an old province of Japan
** Wakasa, Fukui, a town in Fukui Prefecture
* Wakasa, Tottori, a town in Tottori Prefecture
** Wakasa Railway Wakasa Line
** Wakasa Station, a railway station
* Wakasa Domain, a Japanese domain of the Edo period
* Wakasa (surname), a Japanese surname
* JS Wakasa, a ship of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force