OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lewis Paul

Lewis Paul (died 1759) was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton mill.

## Life and work

Lewis Paul was of Huguenot descent. His father was physician to Lord Shaftesbury. He may have begun work on designing a spinning machine for cotton as early as 1729, but probably did not make practical progress until after 1732 when he met John Wyatt, a carpenter then working in Birmingham for a gun barrel forger. Wyatt had designed a machine, probably for cutting files, in which Paul took an interest.
Roller spinning was certainly Paul's idea, and Wyatt built a machine (or model) for him. Paul obtained a patent for this on 24 June 1738. He then set about trying to license his machine, though some licences were granted in satisfaction of debts. In 1741, he set up a machine powered by two asses in the Upper Priory in Birmingham, near his house in Old Square.

## Mills using the roller spinning patent

Edward Cave, a publisher, obtained a licence and set up machines in a warehouse in London. In 1742, he acquired Marvel's Mill on the River Nene at Northampton. He rebuilt the mill to hold four or five water-powered spinning machines, each with 50 spindles. This was thus the first cotton mill. Cave died on 10 January 1754, so that the mill passed to his brother William and his nephew Paul. Samuel Touchet, a London merchant had the mill until 1755, but made no profit. It may then have been let to Lewis Paul, but he died in 1759. The Caves forfeited the lease for non-payment of rent in March 1761 and advertised the mill to let in November 1761. By 1768, the mill had reverted to being a corn mill.
Another mill that operated under Paul's patent was at Leominster. This was built in 1744 by John Bourn in partnership with Henry Morris of Lancashire. The mill burnt down in November 1754.

## Carding machines

In 1748, Daniel Bourn and Lewis Paul separately obtained patents for carding machines, which were presumably used in the Leominster and Northampton mills respectively. This carding technology of Lewis Paul and Daniel Bourn seems to be the basis of later carding machines.

## Achievements

The principle of his rolling spinning process was perfected by John Kay and Thomas Highs and promoted by Richard Arkwright. Paul's machine seems only to have been modestly profitable, and it is not clear to what extent his work is reflected in Arkwright's much more successful machine, the water frame, patented in 1769. Like Paul and Bourn, Arkwright subsequently added a carding stage to his machinery, but his use of this as a means of continuing his patent rights beyond the expiry of his original patent failed, because the improvement was not his invention.
# Mansfield bus station

Mansfield bus station serves the town of Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England. It is located on Quaker Way. The primary bus operators are Stagecoach, with Trent Barton, and National Express.
The bus station, built in 2013, handles around 1,500 buses and 16,000 passenger arrivals a day. It is connected via skybridge to Mansfield railway station.
Planning permission was given to develop a new bus station on the station road car park which cost £11m.
The new bus station was opened 31 March 2013
The new bus station has sixteen bays A-P.
# Mark Winkler

Mark Winkler (born 29 January 1966) is a South African writer of literary fiction living in Cape Town. He is the author of six novels, An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Absolutely Everything (2013), Wasted (2015), The Safest Place You Know (2016), Theo & Flora (2018), Due South of Copenhagen (2020) and The Errors of Dr Browne, published in August 2022.

## Life

Winkler was born in Johannesburg in 1966. He grew up in what is now Mpumalanga and attended high school at St. Alban's College, Pretoria. He graduated from Rhodes University, Grahamstown, with a Bachelor of Journalism in 1990.

## Works
### Novels

His first novel, An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Absolutely Everything, has been described as “an intensely absorbing and unapologetically apolitical tale”, and “remarkable in its refusal to conform to ideas of what a South African novel should be”.
His second novel, the Wasted, was longlisted for the 2016 Sunday Times Barry Ronge Fiction Prize. Wasted has been described as “tense, darkly humorous, unpredictable and thought-provoking”, “one of the year’s most ambitious, suspenseful, tightly controlled and expertly executed novels”.

### Short stories

Winkler’s short story, When I Came Home, was shortlisted for the 2016 Commonwealth Writer’s Prize, one of 26 stories to be selected out of almost 4,000 submissions from 47 countries.
His short story, Ink, was awarded third prize in the 2016 Short Story Day Africa competition and was published in the anthology Water.
Winkler is a member of PEN South Africa.

## Published works

* An Exceptionally Simple Theory (of Absolutely Everything). Kwela. 2013. ISBN 978-0-7957-0451-2.
* Wasted. Kwela. 2015. ISBN 978-0-7957-0700-1.
* Ink, Water, Short Story Day Africa, 2016
* When I came home, adda, Commonwealth Writers, May 2016
* The Safest Place You Know. Penguin Random House. 2016. ISBN 978-1-4152-0909-7.
* The Theo & Flora. Penguin Random House. 2018. ISBN 978-1-4152-1019-2.
* Due South of Copenhagen. Penguin Random House. 2020. ISBN 978-1-4152-1047-5.
* The Errors of Dr Browne. Penguin Random House. 2022. ISBN 978-1-4859-0494-6.
# Keith Ferrell

Henry Keith Ferrell (July 7, 1953 – April 11, 2020) was an American author with over a dozen published works including science fiction/fantasy, biographical and video game guides. Ferrell also edited the popular Omni magazine in the 1990s.

## Omni

Omni was a highly celebrated science/science fiction magazine. Ferrell was its editor from 1990 to 1996.
# Promes

Promes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jerold Promes (born 1984), Dutch footballer
* Marino Promes (born 1977), Dutch footballer
* Quincy Promes (born 1992), Dutch footballer
# Noureddine Mahmoudi

Noureddine Mahmoudi (born 27 June 1973) is a former professional tennis player from Algeria.
A 3-time national champion, Mahmoudi played in a total of 35 Davis Cup ties for Algeria between 1993 and 2003. In 2001, he lost a tight five-setter to then teenager Marcos Baghdatis, who represented Cyprus.
He is a son of Abdeslam Mahmoudi.
# I'll Kiss Your Memory

"I'll Kiss Your Memory" is the first solo single written, performed and produced by Barry Gibb, released in May 1970. It peaked at number 16 in the Netherlands. The song was intended for Gibb's unreleased debut album The Kid's No Good.

## Background
### Recording

The song features an echo vocal with an arrangement of orchestra by Bill Shepherd. This song was recorded in IBC Studios on 15 February and finished on 20 February with "The Victim", "Moonlight" and "Summer Ends". "It's not the same orchestra as we used with the Bee Gees", Gibb explained, "But Bill Shepherd is the only arranger I'll ever work with. On the single ['I'll Kiss Your Memory'] I double-tracked my voice seven times, because I knew exactly how I wanted everything done."

### Release

The single was released in the U.K. and the U.S., but did not chart. The CD version of the song was available in the compilation Tales from the Brothers Gibb. This track's stereo mix was released in 1974 on I've Gotta Get a Message to You (1974).

## Personnel

* Barry Gibb – lead and harmony vocals, rhythm guitar
* Bill Shepherd – orchestra and strings arrangement

## Chart performance

| Chart (1970) | Peak position |
| Netherlands Dutch Top 40 | 16 |
# WBGB

WBGB may refer to:
* Bintulu Airport (ICAO code WBGB)
* WBGB (FM), a radio station (103.3 FM) licensed to serve Boston, Massachusetts, United States
* WPDQ (FM), a radio station (91.3 FM) licensed to serve Scottsville, Kentucky, United States, which held the call sign WBGB from 2008 to 2018
* WHJX, a radio station (106.5 FM) licensed to serve Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WBGB from 1998 to 2006
# Heteromigas dovei

Heteromigas dovei is a species of tree trapdoor spider in the Migidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1902 by British arachnologist Henry Roughton Hogg.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Tasmania. The type locality is Table Cape.
# Sir Herbert Parsons, 1st Baronet

Sir Herbert James Francis Parsons, 1st Baronet (9 September 1870 – 2 February 1940) was a British businessman and politician.
Parsons was the son of George Henry Parsons and Ruth Bridges. In 1892 he inherited his father's manufacturing chemist and pharmaceutical business, Ashton & Parsons. He was also an underwriter at Lloyd's of London.
He was honorary colonel of the 3rd City of London Regiment between 1911 and 1923. Parsons was appointed a Knight Bachelor on 1 January 1912. In July 1912 he was elected to fill a vacancy as a Municipal Reform Party alderman on the London County Council. During the First World War, he helped to raise two volunteer battalions and volunteered with the Red Cross. On 24 June 1918, Parsons was created a baronet, of Winton Lodge in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom "for public and patriotic services" in the 1918 Birthday Honours. He resigned from the council in July 1920. Parsons' title became extinct upon his death.
# Leuciris

Leuciris is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. The genus was first described by Warren in 1894.

## Species

* Leuciris fimbriaria (Stoll, [1781]) Suriname
* Leuciris distorta (Warren, 1894) Amazon basin
# Mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

In enzymology, a mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) (EC 1.1.2.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    D-mannitol + ferricytochrome c $\rightleftharpoons$ D-fructose + ferrocytochrome c
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol and ferricytochrome c, whereas its two products are D-fructose and ferrocytochrome c.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, to be specific those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with a cytochrome as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-mannitol:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called polyol dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and fructose and mannose metabolism
# Marjorie Morningstar

Marjorie Morningstar is a fictional character created by American writer Herman Wouk and can refer to:
* Marjorie Morningstar (novel), a 1955 novel, which introduced the character
* Marjorie Morningstar (film), a 1958 film, based on the novel
# Strokirk family

The Strokirk family, also known as von Strokirch, is a Baltic German and Swedish noble family of German origin. Different branches of the family were elevated to noble rank in the Kingdom of Sweden and Livonian Knighthood.

## Overview

In 1620, Evert Strokirch moved from Lübeck in Germany to Filipstad, Sweden. The family acquired both manors and estates in Sweden and Livonia (present-day Latvia and Estonia).
Members of the Strokirk family were in the 18th century living in the broader Karlskoga–Degerfors-area, where they managed ironworks, in the present-day corresponding municipalities of Degerfors and Karlskoga. Including the properties of the Lidetorp and Ölsboda Works.

## Notable members

* Einar von Strokirch
* Elias Strokirk
* Elias Carl Strokirk
* Jeppe Strokirk
# Taylor baronets of Park House (1665)

The Taylor baronetcy, of Park House in the County of Kent, was created in the Baronetage of England on 18 January 1665 for Thomas Taylor, who died that year. The History of Parliament comments that he "was probably of royalist sympathies". The 2nd Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Maidstone. The title became extinct on the death of the 3rd Baronet in 1720.

## Taylor baronets, of Park House (1665)

* Sir Thomas Taylor, 1st Baronet (1630–1665)
* Sir Thomas Taylor, 2nd Baronet (1657–1696)
* Sir Thomas Taylor, 3rd Baronet (1693–1720)
# WBG

WBG may refer to:
* Warner Bros. Games, an American video game publishing company
* World Bank Group, a family of five international organizations that makes leveraged loans, generally to poor countries
* Wide bandgap, a term associated with semiconductors having electronic band gaps significantly larger than one electron volt
* Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, a German publishing company
* World Bridge Games, a contract bridge competition event
* The Amtrak station code for the Williamsburg Transportation Center in Williamsburg, Virginia
* Schleswig Air Base, is an airbase of the German Air Force
# Sir Robert Napier, 1st Baronet, of Luton Hoo

Sir Robert Napier, 1st Baronet (1560 – 22 April 1637), of Luton Hoo in Bedfordshire, also referred to as Robert Sandy, was an English merchant.

## Origins

He was the second son of Alexander Napier (alias Sandy) of Exeter, Devon, by his wife Anne Birchley, daughter of Edward Birchley of Hertfordshire. Alexander was a son of Sir Alexander Napier of Scotland, and was a brother of Sir Archibald Napier. He had left Scotland during the reign of King Henry VIII (1509–1547) and settled in the city of Exeter. The Napier family claimed descent from the Scottish Earls of Lennox. Sir Robert's younger brother was Rev. Richard Napier (1559–1634), a noted astrologer and Rector of Linford, Buckinghamshire. The arms of Napier of Luton Hoo were: Argent, a saltire engrailed between four roses (cinquefoils) gules.

## Career

He lived in Bishopsgate Street in the City of London, was a member of the Grocers' Company and was a Turkey Merchant, and through trade with Turkey amassed a fortune and purchased the estate of Luton Hoo in Bedfordshire. He was knighted in 1611 during the progress from Scotland through England of King James I, who subsequently created him a baronet "of Luton Hoo" on 25 November 1612. He served as High Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1611. In 1613 he was elected Sheriff of London but declined to serve, for which he was fined 400 marks.

## Marriages and children

He married three times:
* Firstly to Elizabeth Staper, without children
* Secondly to Margaret Barnes, daughter of Richard Barnes, a Citizen of the City of London and member of the Worshipful Company of Mercers, without children.
* Thirdly to Mary Robinson, daughter of John Robinson, merchant, by whom he had three sons and four daughters as follows:
** Sir Robert Napier, 2nd Baronet (c.1603 –1661), eldest son and heir.
** Sir Richard Napier of Linford
** Alexander Napier
** Mary Napier, wife of General Sir Thomas Myddelton (1586 –1666) of Chirk Castle, Wales, a Parliamentarian commander during the Civil War.
** Christiana Napier, wife of Sir Thomas Eversfield of Sussex.
** Sarah Napier, wife of Sir Walter Leach (1599-pre-1637) of Cadeleigh, Devon, son and heir of Sir Simon Leach (1567–1638) of Cadeleigh, Sheriff of Devon in 1624. Her kneeling effigy survives on her father-in-law's large monument in Cadeleigh Church, the largest of its kind in Devon.
** Margaret Napier, wife of General Thomas Mytton (c.1597 –1656) of Halston, Shropshire, a Parliamentarian commander during the Civil War.
# Thiamine triphosphate

Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) is a biomolecule found in most organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Chemically, it is the triphosphate derivative of the vitamin thiamine.

## Function

It has been proposed that ThTP has a specific role in nerve excitability, but this has never been confirmed and recent results suggest that ThTP probably plays a role in cell energy metabolism. Low or absent levels of thiamine triphosphate have been found in Leigh's disease.
In E. coli, ThTP is accumulated in the presence of glucose during amino acid starvation. On the other hand, suppression of the carbon source leads to the accumulation, of adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP).

## Metabolism

It has been shown that in brain ThTP is synthesized in mitochondria by a chemiosmotic mechanism, perhaps similar to ATP synthase. In mammals, ThTP is hydrolyzed to thiamine pyrophosphate (ThDP) by a specific thiamine-triphosphatase. It can also be converted into ThDP by thiamine-diphosphate kinase.

## History

Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) was chemically synthesized in 1948 at a time when the only organic triphosphate known was ATP. The first claim of the existence of ThTP in living organisms was made in rat liver, followed by baker’s yeast. Its presence was later confirmed in rat tissues and in plants germs, but not in seeds, where thiamine was essentially unphosphorylated. In all those studies, ThTP was separated from other thiamine derivatives using a paper chromatographic method, followed by oxidation in fluorescent thiochrome compounds with ferricyanide in alkaline solution. This method is at best semi-quantitative, and the development of liquid chromatographic methods suggested that ThTP represents far less than 10% of total thiamine in animal tissues.
# Marlboro Airport

Marlboro Airport, (IATA: MXG, FAA LID: 9B1) in Marlborough, Massachusetts, was a public airport that was in operation from 1922 to 2019.

## History

Marlboro Airport was founded in 1922, the era when barnstormers flew "by the seat of their pants." It was the oldest continuously operating commercial field in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until its closure. There was one fixed-base operator, Don's Flying Service, named for former airport manager Don LaCouture Sr. and offered fixed-wing and helicopter flight instruction, tie-downs and hangar space, and major and minor aircraft repairs.
Chapter 673 of the Experimental Aircraft Association was based at Marlboro Airport.
In April 2010, the airport owner sued the government claiming that the airport's runway was damaged by heavy vehicles accompanying President Obama's secret service fleet. The government settled with the airport owner's widow a year after his death., however the funds were never used to repave the airport which was closed shortly thereafter.
Its final owner was Sandra A. Stetson, widow of prior owner G. Robert Stetson, Jr. Robert died on April 27, 2012, at the age of 66. It had one runway, and at the end of its life averaged 37 flights per day with approximately 40 aircraft based on its field. In December 2018, Sandra Stetson sold the airport to Capital Group Properties, which plans to redevelop the site into the Airport Industrial Park.
# Stroker McGurk

Stroker McGurk is a cartoon character created by Tom Medley, featured in Hot Rod and Rod & Custom.
Medley's famed creation debuted in the third issue of Hot Rod, and continued in the magazine until 1955. He would reappear briefly in 1964 and 1965, and occasionally in Rod & Custom in the 1980s.
Stroker (as he was always known) drove a trademark 1929 Ford roadster in most of his appearances, but also innovated a number of things later copied by real-life racers, including multiple-engine dragsters, traction bars, and parachutes.
# Nototeredo

Nototeredo is a genus of ship-worms, marine bivalve molluscs of the family Teredinidae.

## Species in the genus Nototeredo

* Nototeredo edax (Hedley, 1895)
* Nototeredo knoxi (Bartsch, 1917) – foliaceous shipworm, knox shipworm
* Nototeredo norvagica (Spengler, 1792) – Norway shipworm
# Taylor baronets

There have been five baronetcies created for persons with the surname Taylor, one in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and three in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Only one creation is extant as of 2024.
* Taylor baronets of Park House (1665)
* Taylor baronets of Lysson Hall (1778)
* Taylor baronets of Hollycombe (1828)
* Taylor baronets of Kennington (1917): see Stuart Taylor Baronets
* Taylor baronets of Cawthorne (1963): see Sir William Johnson Taylor, 1st Baronet (1902–1972)
# Ropica rugiscapa

Ropica rugiscapa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1939.
# Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteine

Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteine (TGA) is a pharmaceutical drug that is a combination of thiamphenicol glycinate ester (TAFGE), which is a derivative of the antibiotic thiamphenicol, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is a mucus-thinning drug. Upon contact with tissue esterases, TGA releases both TAFGE and NAC. As a standalone medication, NAC is widely used in respiratory tract infections for its mucolytic activity.

## Medical uses

Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteine (TGA) effectively treats upper respiratory tract infections, including otitis media, pharyngotonsillitis, and rhinosinusitis. It is also used to treat exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis with bronchiectasis.
TGA is effective in eradicating biofilms in otolaryngologic infections, as biofilms are often resistant to treatment with antibiotics. Biofilms are complex communities of bacteria that can adhere to surfaces and are known to be highly resistant to antibiotic treatment and immune responses, so the ability of TGA to effectively eradicate biofilms represents an advantage over traditional antibiotics.

## Mechanism of action

TGA works by releasing thiamphenicol glycinate ester (TAFGE) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) upon contact with tissue esterases. Esterases are enzymes that break down esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis. Such reaction is needed to split TGA into its active components. TAFGE is an antibiotic, while NAC has mucolytic properties.
Thiamphenicol and TAFGE are related compounds, but they have different forms and uses: thiamphenicol is an antibiotic that is the methyl-and-sulfonyl analogue of chloramphenicol; it has a similar spectrum of activity to chloramphenicol but is 2.5 to 5 times as potent; it is used in many countries as a veterinary antibiotic, but is also used in some countries such as Brazil, China, Italy, Moldova and Morocco for use in humans. On the other hand, TAFGE is a form of thiamphenicol that is used in parenteral and aerosol dosage forms. After administration, TAFGE is rapidly hydrolysed by tissue esterases, releasing thiamphenicol. Its antibacterial activity is due to thiamphenicol.

## Routes of Administration

TGA can be administered intramuscularly or by aerosol. It can be used by a sprayer or via a nebulizer.

## Brand name

TGA is sold under various brand names, including "Fluimucil Antibiotic IT".
# Maram (horse)

Maram (February 10, 2006 – September 6, 2012 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 2008 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf.
In 2009, Maram won the John Hettinger Stakes at Saratoga Race Course.
Maram was euthanized on September 6, 2012, after an acute illness. She left behind her first foal, a 2012 colt by Giant's Causeway. She was in foal to Elusive Quality at the time of her death.
# Marlena Jansson

Marlena Jansson (born 20 November 1970) is a Swedish orienteering competitor. She is three times Relay World Champion as a member of the Swedish winning team in 1991, 1993 and 1997, as well as having a silver medal from 1995 and a bronze medal from 1999. She also shared bronze with Anna Bogren in the Short distance World Championship in 1995. She obtained the first place in the Overall World Cup in 1994 and second one in 1996. She is five times individual Swedish Champion (1987, 1990, 1995, 1997 and 1998), and Nordic Relay Champion from 1992.