OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mule drivers of Metsovo

The mule drivers of Metsovo were one of the most significant professional transporters in the early modern Greece. In the Greece and especially in the Balkans, the transportation of goods was performed almost exclusively by mules. The range and method of operation of the mule owners made the profession of mule driver one of the most important ones for all land commerce and taxation of the time. In 1707, written sources start mentioning them as already having a trade guild established which leads credence to the belief that they were occupied in the transportation of goods since even older times. Throughout the 18th and 19th century they form one of the most active groups in the goods transportation industry in the Balkans. Pouqueville says the Vlach mule drivers are known with the name Metsovites, while he considers the people of Metsovo and the people of Zagori as the most active mule drivers in Balkan's European market. Bοué describes the keratzides of Metsovo as the most famous in all "Albania" and among the most renowned in the Balkans. According to Goudas, the transportation of goods from Bucharest, Constantinople (İstanbul), Belgrade and Adrianople (Edirne) was performed almost exclusively by Metsovites mule drivers.

## Sources

* F. Braudel, I Mesogeios kai o Mesogeiakos kosmos tin epochi tou Fillipou B’ tis Espanias, transl. K Mitsotaki [La Méditerranée et le Monde Méditerranéen à l'Epoque de Philippe II], transl. K. Mitsotaki, publ. National Bank of Greece Cultural Foundation, Vol. A’, publ. MIET, Athens 2 1993, pp. 349–356.
* F. C. H. LPouqueville, VoyagedelaGrèce, deuxièmeedition, tomesecond, Paris, 1826, pp. 22–23•
* F. C. H. LPouqueville, VoyagedanslaGrèce, tomepremier, ChapitreXII, Paris 1820, pp. 157.•
* A. Bοué, Die Εuropäische Türkei, Band II, Wien 1889, p. 479•
* A. Goudas, Vioi Paralliloi, ton epi tis anagenniseos tis Ellados diaprepsanton andron, Ploutos h’ Emporion, [Parallel lives of the men who excelled during the Renaissance, Wealth and Commerce], Vol. C’, printer's M. P. Peridou, Athens, 1870, p. 290.
* Archeio Ali Pasa, Syllogis I. Chotzi, Gennadeiou Vivliothikis tis Amerikanikis Scholis Athinon, [Ali Pasha Archives, I. Hotzis collection, Gennadius Library], Ed. – Commentary- Index: V. Panagiotopoulos with the collaboration of D. Dimitropoulos, P. Michailari, Vol. B 2007, pp. 676–677.
* G.Papageorgiou, Oi Syntechnies sta Giannena kata ton 19o kai tis arches tou 20ou aiona,[Professional guilds in Ioannina during the 19th and early 20th century], doctoral dissertation, publ. IMIAX, Ioannina 1998, p. 52 (note 1).
# Journal amusant

Journal amusant was a French weekly satirical magazine published from 1856 until 1933. It was founded by the caricaturist, journalist, and publisher Charles Philipon.
The magazine's immediate predecessor was Journal pour rire which Philipon had founded in 1849. In 1856, he replaced it with Journal amusant and simultaneously started Petit Journal pour rire for his friend Nadar to edit, although Nadar was to contribute to both publications. The original format of Journal amusant was 8 pages and consisted primarily of cartoons and caricatures satirizing the social mores of the day. Lighter in tone than Le Charivari (also founded by Philipon), its editorial content was largely focused on the theatre and fashion rather than politics.
Following Charles Philipon's death in 1862, the journal was managed by his son Eugène until his own death in 1874. Pierre Véron then took over as editor-in-chief. In 1899, shortly before Véron's retirement, its format changed to 16 pages with a front page in colour. Publication of the journal ceased during World War I and resumed in May 1919. The last issue of Journal amusant was published in 1933 by which time its title was Le journal amusant et Gai Paris réunis reflecting its takeover of the magazine Gai Paris in 1931.
* Arsène Houssaye caricature by Nadar et Darjou for Le Journal amusant n°328, 12 April 1862.
* 8 March 1902
* Illustration by Stop, 15 February 1896
* Gottlob 4 January 1913
* Les Commissions, Written by Jacques Ferny and illustrated by Jacques Roussau Texte, 17 January 1920
* La Reine des blanchisseuses,14 March 1874
* Henriot - Le Journal amusant - 8 février 1913
* Henriot - Le Journal amusant - 25 janvier 1913
* Henriot - Le Journal amusant - Echos - 21 mars 1914

## Contributors

Artists who contributed to Journal amusant include:
* Draner
* André Gill
* Alfred Grévin
* Paul Hadol
* Pierre-Georges Jeanniot
* Lucien Métivet (as "Luc")
* Nadar
* Gaston Noury
* Henri Pille
* Albert Robida
* Sacha Zaliouk
# RSQ (magazine)

RSQ was a Slovene music magazine published monthly from 13 May 2007 through 13 December 2009.

## Overview

At first, RSQ was only a digital/internet magazine that tried to fill the gap in Slovenian music magazines.
Its first issue was published on 13 May 2007. It came out regularly every 13th of the month for a year and a half. On 22 May 2008, RSQ was printed for the first time in honor of its first year of existence.
The Slovene group Sphericube released its first album, Jugda, with the issue. Two concerts under the name RSQlive were made due to the release. The public in Ljubljana (Gala Hala) and Maribor (Jazz klub Satchmo) was able to see Sphericube and the first two concerts by Adam (a group made by members of Srečna mladina, Gušti & Polona and Anavrin). The issue included a list of the "50 Best Albums in Independent Slovenia". 13 January 2009 the magazine started to publish monthly printed magazine. It was made by a group of young journalists, photographers and media people who tried to cover Slovenian and foreign music scene. In February 2009 they published The Days That Follow ..., the third album by a group Multiball. In March, Against the Gravity by Elvis Jackson, in April the debut album by Corkscrew, in June debut album by BRO and in November album Muzej revolucije by Zabranjeno Pusenje. The last issue of RSQ was published on 13 December 2009.
RSQ also helped promoting the first Slovenian internet concert by a group Kamerad Krivatoff.
The magazine featured interviews, CD and concert reviews, musician portraits, discographies.
# Paul Barth

Paul Barth may refer to:
* Paul Barth (sociologist) (1858–1922), German philosopher and sociological writer
* Paul C. Barth (1858–1907), Mayor of Louisville, Kentucky
* Paul Barth (fencer) (1921–1974), Swiss fencer
* Paul Barth, Vice President of the National Guitar Corporation
* Paul Barth (judoka) (born 1945), German former judoka
# Wellingborough London Road railway station

Wellingborough London Road railway station is a former railway station in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire on a line which connected Peterborough and Northampton.

## History

The station opened in 1845 and closed in 1964 to passengers and closed fully in 1966.

## Stationmasters

* Henry Cooper 1850 - 1853
* J.V. Jarrett 1853 - 1856 (afterwards station master at Leighton Buzzard)
* T.B. Dixon 1856 - 1861 (formerly station master at Market Harborough, afterwards station master at Leighton Buzzard)
* John Green 1861 - 1896
* William Henry Judge 1896 - 1898 (afterwards station master at Market Harborough)
* William Jackson 1898 - 1902 (afterwards station master at Higham Ferrers)
* David Horne 1902 - 1920 (formerly station master at Higham Ferrers)
* Horace Edward Neale 1920 - ca. 1923
From 1930 the station master was in charge of both the Midland Road and London Road stations.

## Location

This station was on an important junction with a link to the Midland Main Line at Wellingborough Midland Road which enabled through running from Northampton to Midland Road, Kettering and Leicester. The station remains have gone with the line ending under the A45.

## The former service

The service was from Peterborough to Northampton via Wellingborough.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Castle Ashby & Earls Barton Line and station closed | London and North Western Railway Northampton and Peterborough Railway | Ditchford Line and station closed |
| Castle Ashby & Earls Barton Line and station closed | London and North Western Railway Northampton and Peterborough Railway | Wellingborough Midland Road Line closed, station open |
# USS Farragut

USS Farragut may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Farragut (TB-11), a torpedo boat, commissioned on 5 June 1899
* USS Farragut (DD-300) was a Clemson-class destroyer commissioned on 4 June 1920
* USS Farragut (DD-348), the lead ship of her class of destroyers, was commissioned on 18 June 1934
* USS Farragut (DDG-37), again the lead ship of her class of destroyers, was commissioned on 10 December 1960
* USS Farragut (DDG-99) is a Flight IIa Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer, commissioned on 10 June 2006
# Sebastian Urzendowsky

Sebastian Urzendowsky (born 28 May 1985) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than thirty films since 1998.

## Selected filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2002 | A Map of the Heart | |
| 2003 | Distant Lights | The Boy Young |
| 2007 | The Counterfeiters | Karloff/Kolya |
| 2008 | A Woman in Berlin | Young German soldier |
| 2008 | Guter Junge | Sven |
| 2009 | Berlin 36 | Marie Ketteler |
| 2010 | The Way Back | Russian soldier Kazik |
| 2011 | Goodbye First Love | Sullivan |
| 2014 | Land of Storms | Bernard |
| 2018 | Jessica Forever | Michael |
| 2019 | I Was, I Am, I Will Be | Johann |
TV :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2012 | The Tower | Christian Hoffmann |
| 2013 | Borgia | Cardinal Juan Borgia Lanzol |
| 2016 | NSU German History X | Uwe Böhnhardt |
| 2017-2022 | Babylon Berlin | Max Fuchs |
# Muhammad Abdelrahim al-Sharqawi

Muhammad Abdelrahim al-Sharqawi was an alleged member of Egyptian Islamic Jihad and was one of the closest colleagues of Ayman al-Zawahiri. whom he had known since 1968.
He was accused of establishing a turnery in the Gamaliyya district of Cairo, where he boosted the group's revenues by manufacturing wooden gunparts. It is believed that Essam al-Qamari hid in the turnery after his 1981 defection from the Egyptian army. however he was acquitted by the state security court.
An engineer by trade, he was also accused of recruiting members for the group, however he was not convicted by any court and
When Pakistan arrested him and extradited him to Egypt, the "fears of Arab Afghan leaders skyrocketed" as it signalled the start of a "war" against the Mujahideen fighting the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. he was under administrative detention for 17 years in different Egyptian jails despite receiving more than 20 release orders from Egyptian courts, he was the released after Husny Mubarak was removed from power in 2011
# Racket Attack

Racket Attack is a 1988 professional tennis Nintendo Entertainment System game. It was released in Japan as Moero!! Pro Tennis (燃えろ!!プロテニス), which is the second game of the Moero!! sports series. The gameplay takes place in a ¼ overhead view tennis court with the score being present at all times and an audience of spectators being shown in multiple colors (white, pink, and red). The North American version features an endorsement from Wilson Sporting Goods. The game was released fairly late in the NES life cycle in Europe and the PAL regions, as available sources show, due to the lengthy process of distributing and the fact that Nintendo have still just started to get into the region by the time of the Japanese release of the game.
This game is seen as an overall improvement over the original Tennis video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System with a wide selection of player characters and a deep level of gameplay for the late 1980s.

## Gameplay

There are two gameplay modes present: one-player (representing a tennis tournament) and two-player (which represents an exhibition match). After winning seven matches in single-player mode, the player receives a championship trophy. These matches become increasingly difficult as the player progresses through them. It is possible to play on a grass, clay, or hard court. The players can play a women's match, best-of-3, or men's match, best-of-5.
There are 16 different players; eight male, and eight female. They have their own strengths and weaknesses for experimenting. The male players can only play against other male players while females can only play against other females.
Passwords allow players to retain their statistics after playing for a while; they also allow access to any level between the second round of the tournament and the end game. There are six possible tennis moves, including the lob, volley, and slice. While serving, the camera angle becomes slightly more over the player's shoulder. Women's matches are noticeably shorter than men's matches and players contain unusual names like "Gibbco" and "First". Both buttons of the NES controller are used to hit the ball; the "A" button is used mainly for front-court action while the "B" button is primarily reserved for back court moves. Players can protest to the line judge if a decision is not made in their favor.

## Reception

Allgame gave Racket Attack a score of 4 stars out of a possible 5. Power Play gave the game a score of 42 out 100 while Video Games also gave it a score of 42 out of 100.
# USS Athanasia

USS Athanasia (AF-41) was an Adria-class stores ship in service with the United States Navy in 1945. She was sold into commercial service in 1977.

## History

Athanasia was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 2332) on 14 August 1944 at Beaumont, Texas, by the Pennsylvania Shipyards, Inc.; launched on 12 October 1944; sponsored by Mrs. E. C. Sloat: acquired by the Navy on 13 March 1945; converted for naval service by the Todd Galveston Dry Dock, Inc., Galveston, Texas; and commissioned at Galveston on 3 April 1945.
Following brief shakedown training in the Gulf of Mexico, the new cargo ship proceeded to Mobile, Alabama, to take on provisions. On 26 April, Athanasia sailed for the Pacific Ocean. She transited the Panama Canal on 3 May and continued on to Hawaii. The vessel reached Pearl Harbor on the 22d and reported to Service Squadron 8 for duty. Athanasia left Pearl Harbor on 29 May, bound for the Marshall Islands. She arrived at Eniwetok on 4 June and began discharging provisions. Eight days later, the ship got underway for Ulithi. At that atoll, she joined a convoy bound for the Ryukyus. On 26 June, the ships reached Kerama Retto and began discharging dry and frozen provisions to ships of the Fleet. Athanasia then moved to Hagushi Bay, Okinawa, and continued her resupply duties. On 12 July, the cargo ship set out in a convoy for the return voyage to Hawaii.
After a two-day pause en route at Ulithi, Athanasia moored at Pearl Harbor on 4 August and began reloading her holds. Four days later, she shaped a course back to Okinawa via Ulithi. While she was still en route, she received word of the Japanese capitulation. The ship arrived at Buckner Bay, Okinawa, on 4 September. Departing on the 12th, Athanasia joined a convoy for Pearl Harbor. She had a brief layover at Saipan in mid-September, then pressed on toward Hawaii. However, the ship was diverted to Seattle, Washington. During a dense fog encountered off British Columbia, Athanasia grounded on the rocks of Bajo Point, Nootka Island, on 12 October. Salvage operations were conducted, and the ship was refloated on the 21st. She was then towed to Seattle for repairs.
On 20 December 1945 the ship was decommissioned and was returned to the War Shipping Administration for disposal. Her name was struck from the Navy list on 8 January 1946. She was sold on 26 June 1977 to Northwest Diesel Repair Inc. Final Disposition: scrapped (date unknown).

## Military awards and honors

Athanasia earned one battle star for her World War II service. Her crew was eligible for the following:
* American Campaign Medal
* Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1)
* World War II Victory Medal
# Valentin Martemyanov

Valentin Semyonovich Martemyanov (Russian: Валентин Семёнович Мартемьянов; 7 March 1932 - 5 November 1994), was a Russian politician, lawyer, and professor, who was a member of the State Duma of the first convocation from 1993 to 1994.

## Biography

Valentin Martemyanov was born in Moscow on 7 March 1932.
In 1949, he entered the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University.
In 1968, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic “Division of judicial and administrative responsibility in civil cases.”.
Since 1968, he taught at the All-Union Correspondence Institute of Law, first as an assistant professor, and since 1982 he has been a professor in the department of civil law.
In 1981, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic “Problems of legal regulation of the activities of local councils in the field of property relations.”.
In 1988, he headed the department of economic law.
He worked in practical work in law enforcement and enforcement agencies: assistant district prosecutor and prosecutor of the department for supervision of consideration of civil cases in courts of the Yaroslavl Region Prosecutor's Office, investigator of the Moscow district prosecutor's office, prosecutor of the department for supervision of consideration of civil cases in courts of the Moscow Prosecutor's Office and the RSFSR Prosecutor's Office, consultant reception room of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.
In 1993, Martemyanov was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Federation from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation faction. He was a member of the Committee on Property, Privatization and Economic Activities.
On 1 November 1994, he was brutally beaten and robbed at his entrance, and died on 5 November in the hospital from his wounds. Neither the customers nor the perpetrators of the murder were found.
He was buried at Troekurovskoye Cemetery.
# Scottish cricket team against the Netherlands in the UAE in 2015–16

The Scottish cricket team toured the United Arab Emirates to play the Netherlands in February 2016. The tour consisted of a Twenty20 International (T20I) match. The match was in preparation for the World Twenty20 in India in March and was played at the ICC Academy Ground in Dubai. Scotland won the one-off match by 37 runs.

## Squads

| Scotland | Netherlands |
| Preston Mommsen (c) Richie Berrington Kyle Coetzer Matthew Cross (wk) Josh Davey Alasdair Evans Con de Lange Michael Leask Matt Machan Calum MacLeod George Munsey Safyaan Sharif Robert Taylor Bradley Wheal Mark Watt | Peter Borren (c) Rahil Ahmed Ahsan Malik Wesley Barresi Mudassar Bukhari Ben Cooper Quirijn Gunning Vivian Kingma Stephan Myburgh Max O'Dowd Michael Rippon Pieter Seelaar Roelof van der Merwe Paul van Meekeren Sikander Zulfiqar |

## T20I series
### Only T20I

* 5 February 2016 Scorecard
| Scotland 140/5 (20 overs) | v | Netherlands 103 (18.2 overs) |
| Matt Machan 43 (41) Michael Swart 1/14 (2 overs) | | Ben Cooper 32 (33) Mark Watt 5/27 (4 overs) |
* Scotland won by 37 runs ICC Academy Ground, Dubai Umpires: C. K. Nandan (Ind) and Sarika Prasad (Sin) Player of the match: Mark Watt (Sco)
* Scotland won the toss and elected to bat.
* Vivian Kingma (Ned) made his T20I debut.
* Mark Watt (Sco) took his first five-wicket haul in T20I matches.
# Victoria Township

Victoria Township may refer to one of the following places:

## In the United States

* Victoria Township, Jefferson County, Arkansas
* Victoria Township, Knox County, Illinois
* Victoria Township, Cass County, Iowa
* Victoria Township, Ellis County, Kansas
* Victoria Township, Rice County, Kansas
* Victoria Township, Custer County, Nebraska
* Victoria Township, McLean County, North Dakota

## See also

* Victoria (disambiguation)
* Victor Township (disambiguation)
* Victory Township (disambiguation)
# Mather Gorge

Mather Gorge is a river gorge south and just downriver of Great Falls in the state of Maryland bordering Virginia. The Maryland land side of the gorge is Bear Island, part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, and the Virginia side is part of Great Falls Park. Both parks are National Park Service sites. The gorge is named after Stephen Mather, the first director of the National Park Service.
The gorge is cut by the Potomac River and is, for the most part, lined on both sides by cliffs. Towards the southern end of the gorge, the cliffs become tree-lined bluffs as the gorge widens out into the wider and larger Potomac Gorge. At Little Falls, the Potomac River crosses the Fall Line as it leaves the Appalachian Piedmont and enters the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
Hiking is a common activity with many trails along and near the gorge. On the Maryland side, in the C&O Canal National Historical Park, Section A of the Billy Goat Trail follows the gorge—from below Great Falls to above the Anglers Inn river put-in. The River Trail in Great Falls Park follows the gorge on the Virginia side. It is also a popular rock climbing attraction as the cliff heights and terrain lend themselves well to top rope climbing. Generally, most of the rock climbing occurs on the vertical cliffs of the Virginia side of the gorge, below the Observation Decks and above the 90 degree river bend.
Whitewater kayaking and canoeing is also very popular within the gorge. From Great Falls to the Difficult Run Rapids (Maryland Chute, Virginia Chute, and Center Chute), the gorge contains Class I to Class VI whitewater rapids.
# St. Andrew Strait

St. Andrew Strait is a volcano in Papua New Guinea that has had eruptions in historical times. The volcano is not linked to any tectonic plates, the volcano is also in an area of very few earthquakes, suggesting that St. Andrew Strait is an Intraplate volcano. It consists of a group of Quaternary volcanic cones that are mainly rhyolitic in composition. The volcanism is curved, suggesting that the volcano has an ancient caldera. The centre of the volcano is Lou Island. Lou island last erupted in 240 BC (give or take 100 years) and 340 AD, both eruptions came from the Bendal volcano. Lou island is the largest eruptive centre of the volcano, with 6 volcanic vents. Also the Pam islands (Pam Lin and Pam Mandian) also contain fresh deposits. Historic eruptions have come from the Tuluman Islands.

## Eruptions
### 1880 eruption

A small submarine eruption came from the Tulaman islands on March 28, 1880. The vent that the eruption came from was probably one of the vents that formed Tuluman island in its 1953-1957 eruption. This was a small VEI 2 explosive eruption.

### 1953-1957 eruption

An eruption began June 27, 1953. The eruption began with submarine eruptions that formed a new island. The eruption came from 6 vents:
* Vent 1. Located 1.3 km SSE of Lou Island. Emerged above the surface for two months, but was reduced to a submarine mound by wave action.
* Vents 2,4,5. These three vents combined to form an island, 2 km south of Lou Island. The island reached a maximum length of 1 km.
* Vent 3. Located 1.3 km south of Lou Island. The irregular shaped island reached a maximum length of 400 m.
* Vent 6. Vent 6 is submerged and located 300 m south of vent 5.
The eruptions were most intense in 1955 (and also near the end of the eruption) when lava effusion was dominant. The island was built 29 m above sea level. The eruption also produced tsunamis. The eruption was one of only 3 major rhyolitic eruptions of the 20th Century.