OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Schlögl

Schlögl is a German language occupational surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Karl Schlögl (1924–2007), Austrian chemist
* Luis Schlögl, Austrian luger
* Robert Schlögl (1954), German chemist
# Robert Pow

Robert Barclay "Bart" Pow (July 7, 1883 – April 25, 1958) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He served as mayor of Fort William from 1933 to 1936.
He was born in Emerson, Manitoba and was educated in Manitoba. He began work at the Northern Elevator Company in Emerson and moved to Fort William in 1908, continuing to work with grain elevator companies. He was promoted to superintendent, then manager and finally director.
Pow was named to the team that represented the Manitoba Curling Association at the 1932 Winter Olympics. That year, curling was a demonstration sport. Pow was second for the team which took first place in the event. The Manitoba team was undefeated, winning all four of its games at the Olympics. In 2004, the team was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame.
Pow served six years on the Fort William public school board. He was a member of Fort William council from 1929 to 1932 and 1937 to 1940. He ran for mayor again in 1941, losing to Chisholm Mackenzie Ross. During his term as mayor, a white cross was erected on Mount McKay to commemorate the contribution of First Nations soldiers during World War I. Pow also convinced the Ontario Municipal Board to reverse their decision to not allow an airport in Fort William. In 1945, he ran unsuccessfully for the Fort William seat in the Canadian House of Commons as a Conservative, finishing third behind Dan McIvor and Wilfred McKenzie. Pow also served as president of the Fort William Conservative Party Association.
He died in Fort William at the age of 74.
# Robert Siegel (disambiguation)

Robert Siegel (born 1947) is an American radio journalist, former host of NPR's All Things Considered
Robert Siegel may also refer to:
* Robert Siegel (filmmaker) (born 1971), American screenwriter and film director
* Robert Anthony Siegel, American novelist and professor
* Robert Siegel (author) (1939–2012), American novelist and poet
* Robert T. Siegel (1928–2000), American physicist
* Robert A. Siegel (1913–1993), American philatelic auctioneer
* Robert David Siegel, professor at Stanford University
* Robert Siegel, American architect of Robert Siegel Architects
* Robert H. Siegel, American architect of Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects
# Edward Holman

Edward Joseph Frederick Holman (9 August 1904 – 26 July 1951) was an Australian politician. He was the son of John Holman and Katherine Mary (née Rowe) and the brother of May Holman, the first female Labor MP in Australia. He succeeded his sister as the Labor member for Forrest in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, serving from 1939 to 1947.
Holman stood unsuccessfully for the Senate at the 1934 federal election. He was also an unsuccessful candidate for the seat of North Perth at the 1936 and 1939 state elections.
He died at Royal Perth Hospital on 26 July 1951, aged 47, after collapsing at his home in Nedlands the night before.
# Scopwick and Timberland railway station

Scopwick and Timberland railway station was a station in Scopwick, Lincolnshire, which was open between 1882 and 1955.

## History

The railway line between Sleaford and Lincoln was built by the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway and opened on 1 August 1882; Scopwick and Timberland station opened the same day.
Scopwick and Timberland station closed on 7 November 1955, but the line remains open.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Following station |
| MetheringhamLine and station open | Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway | DigbyLine open, station closed |
# Scopus (journal)

Scopus: Journal of East African Ornithology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal on East African ornithology published by the Bird Committee of the East Africa Natural History Society. The journal was established in 1977 and the editor-in-chief is Mwangi Githiru.
# Schotten–Baumann reaction

The Schotten–Baumann reaction is a method to synthesize amides from amines and acid chlorides:
Schotten–Baumann reaction also refers to the conversion of acid chloride to esters. The reaction was first described in 1883 by German chemists Carl Schotten and Eugen Baumann.
The name "Schotten–Baumann reaction conditions" often indicate the use of a two-phase solvent system, consisting of water and an organic solvent. The base within the water phase neutralizes the acid, generated in the reaction, while the starting materials and product remain in the organic phase, often dichloromethane or diethyl ether.

## Applications

The Schotten–Baumann reaction or reaction conditions are widely used in organic chemistry.
Examples:
* synthesis of N-vanillyl nonanamide, also known as synthetic capsaicin
* synthesis of benzamide from benzoyl chloride and a phenethylamine
* synthesis of flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen
* acylation of a benzylamine with acetyl chloride (acetic anhydride is an alternative)
In the Fischer peptide synthesis (Emil Fischer, 1903), an α-chloro acid chloride is condensed with the ester of an amino acid. The ester is then hydrolyzed and the acid converted to the acid chloride, enabling the extension of the peptide chain by another unit. In a final step the chloride atom is replaced by an amino group, completing the peptide synthesis.
# Roberto Parga

Roberto Parga (4 February 1937 – 18 March 2015) was an Uruguayan judge who served on the Supreme Court from 2000 to 2007.
# Schwegel

Schwegel may refer to:
* Three-hole pipe, a musical instrument usually played alongside tabor (drum)
* Theresa Schwegel (born 1975), American writer
# Edward John Dunn

Edward John Dunn (1 November 1844 – 20 April 1937) was an English-born Australian geologist, winner of the 1905 Murchison Medal.

## Early life

Dunn was born at Bedminster near Bristol, England, the son of Edward Herbert Dunn and Betsy Robinson Dunn. The family emigrated to New South Wales in 1849, initially living near Goulburn, New South Wales then in Beechworth, Victoria from 1856. Dunn was educated at the Beechworth Church of England school and later by a tutor. Dunn was a collector of rocks and minerals from boyhood.

## Geological career

Dunn entered the Beechworth land survey office and had experience in surveying. In 1864 he joined the geological survey under Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn and was trained in geological work by Georg Heinrich Friedrich Ulrich. He remained with the survey until it was abolished in 1869; in that year he became qualified as a mining surveyor.
In 1871 Dunn returned to England, via South Africa, where he was government geologist for the Cape Colony reporting on mines. He prepared the first geological map of South Africa and had a part in the discovery of diamonds. In 1872 Dunn travelled through Bushmanland accompanied by 15 troopers of the Northern Border police. He gathered much information about the Bushmen which he embodied in his work on The Bushman, which, however, was not published until nearly 60 years later. In 1873 he went to London, studied at the school of mines, Jermyn Street, and obtained his certificate for assaying. In 1883 he predicted that the Transvaal would become an infinitely richer gold-bearing country than any yet discovered.
Dunn returned to Victoria in 1886 and went into private practice. As a result of one of his reports the coalfield at Korumburra, Victoria, was developed. Dunn was appointed director of the geological survey of Victoria in 1904, and in 1905 was awarded the Murchison Medal by the Geological Society of London. Dunn used the award money to publish his monograph on Pebbles, which appeared in 1911. Dunn was elected President of the Royal Society of Victoria in 1906. He retired from the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1912, but kept up his interest in his subject through an energetic old age.
During his lifetime Dunn built up a substantial library of books. As well as Australiana, he had many books on geology, anthropology and natural history.

## Late life

At age 84, Dunn published a comprehensive work on the Geology of Gold (1929); his book on The Bushman, based on his South Africa experience, came out two years later. Dunn died on 20 April 1937. He married in 1875 Elizabeth Julie Perchard who survived him with a son and two daughters. A list of his publications can be found in In Memory of Edward John Dunn, Melbourne, 1937. His collection of Bushmen objects was given to the Pitt Rivers museum at Oxford, his australites and pebbles went to the British Museum, and his collection of Victorian stones were bequeathed to the mines department museum, Melbourne.
# Scientex Berhad

Scientex Berhad (MYX: 4731) is a Malaysian manufacturing and property company.

## Background

Scientex was established in 1968 as Scientific Textile Industries Sendirian Berhad and pioneered the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) leather cloth and sheeting. Scientex is one of the producers of stretch film and producer of the flexible plastic packaging industry, as well as a developer of homes in Malaysia.
Scientex has diversified its activities into other industries such as manufacturing and distribution of automotive components, and industrial packaging products. Scientex has also entered into property development in various states in Malaysia such as Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor, Perak, Penang, and Kedah.

## Subsidiaries
### Manufacturing

* Scientex Packaging Film Sdn Bhd
* Scientex Tsukasa Strapping Sdn Bhd
* Scientex Great Wall Sdn Bhd
* Scientex Great Wall (Klang) Sdn Bhd (formerly known as Klang Hock Plastic Industries Sdn Bhd)
* Scientex Great Wall (Ipoh) Sdn Bhd (formerly known as Mondi Ipoh Sdn Bhd)
* Scientex Industries Group Sdn Bhd
* Scientex Tsukasa (Vietnam) Co., Ltd.
* PT. Scientex Indonesia
* Scientex Phoenix, LLC
* Scientex International (S) Pte Ltd
* MCTI Scientex Solar Sdn Bhd
* Mitsui Chemicals Scientex (M) Sdn Bhd
* Scientex Packaging (Ayer Keroh) Berhad (formerly known as Daibochi Berhad)
* Scientex Packaging (Teluk Emas) Sdn Bhd (formerly known as Mega Printing and Packaging Sdn Bhd)
* Daibochi Packaging (Myanmar) Co. Ltd.

### Property

* Scientex Quatari Sdn Bhd
* Scientex Park (M) Sdn Bhd
* Scientex (Skudai) Sdn Bhd
* Scientex Heights Sdn Bhd
* Scientex (Senai) Sdn Bhd
* Texland Sdn Bhd
* KC Contract Sdn Bhd
* Scientex Rawang Sdn Bhd
# Edwin Stern

Edwin H. Stern (born June 10, 1941) is a lawyer and judge who served as acting justice on the New Jersey Supreme Court (Judge of the Appellate Division, Temporarily Assigned to the Supreme Court).
Stern grew up in South Orange, New Jersey, graduating from Rutgers University in 1963 and from Columbia Law School in 1966. He has lived in West Orange and Monroe Township.
Stern was a law clerk to a judge on the Appellate Division and from 1967 to 1970 worked as a private practice lawyer. He later joined the Hudson County prosecutor's office, where he worked as first assistant (1970–73) and then as acting prosecutor (1973–74). After that, he worked as the director of criminal practice in the Administrative Office of the Courts (AOC) until 1977. He worked as a deputy attorney general in the Department of Law and Public Safety until 1980, when he returned to the AOC, where worked as the assistant director for legal services.
New Jersey Governor Brendan Byrne appointed him to the Superior Court in 1981. Stern became an appellate judge on September 1, 1985, on the New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division, and on September 1, 1998, becoming the Presiding Judge of Appellate Division Part H.
On May 3, 2010, Governor Chris Christie declined to re-nominate John E. Wallace, Jr., whose term expired on May 20, 2010. He was the first Justice of the Supreme Court to be denied tenure in more than a half-century since the adoption of the 1947 State Constitution. Chief Justice Stuart Rabner appointed Stern to the Supreme Court in September 2010 during a period of controversy and conflict with the New Jersey Senate about its political composition. He sat on the court until his mandatory retirement in 2011 after which he took a position at Gibbons P.C.
# Robinstown

Robinstown may refer to the following places:
* Robinstown (Levinge), a townland in Mullingar, County Westmeath, Ireland
* Robinstown (Tyrrell), a townland in Mullingar, County Westmeath, Ireland
* Robinstown, Carrick, a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland
* Robinstown, County Meath, a village and townland in County Meath, Ireland
# Scott Miller (artist)

Scott Miller (December 24, 1955 – May 18, 2008) was an American painter based in Cleveland, Ohio.
The Cleveland Museum of Art characterized Miller and his art this way:
   Miller belonged to a generation of postmodern artists inspired by cartoons and graffiti. Untitled, which features a male figure floating amid viscera and accompanied by animals, suggests vulnerability and mortality, and the concept of one’s place in the universe. The artist’s imagery during this period likely references his identity as a gay man living through the deadliest years of the AIDS pandemic.

## Education and career

Miller graduated from Fairview High School in Sherwood, Ohio. He studied from 1974 to 1978 at the Cooper School of Art and at the Cleveland Institute of Art from 1980 to 1983.

## Exhibitions
### Solo exhibitions
#### 1980–1989

* Weller/Potosky Gallery - Toronto, Canada
* Aquilon - Cleveland, Ohio
* Midtown Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* Summer Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* Art Site Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* Kent State Center Gallery - Kent, Ohio
* Karamu Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* Joyce Porcelli Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* Artemesia Gallery - Chicago, Illinois

#### 1990–1999

* The Akron Museum of Art - Akron, Ohio
* Art Lick Gallery - San Francisco, California
* Art in the Powerhouse - Cleveland, Ohio
* Cleveland Independent Art - Cleveland, Ohio
* OBOE Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* Aquilon - Cleveland, Ohio

#### 2000–2008

* Don O'Mellveny Gallery - Los Angeles, California
* Herb Ascherman Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* OBOE Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* Art Metro Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* Klapper Gallery - Los Angeles, California
* Edgar Varela Fine Arts - Los Angeles, California

### Group exhibitions
#### 1980–1989

* The Cleveland Museum of Art - Cleveland, Ohio
* Weller/Potosky Gallery - Toronto, Canada
* Spaces/Hallwalls - Buffalo, New York
* Artists' Society International - San Francisco, California
* James Hunt Barker Gallery - Palm Beach, Florida
* Lucky Street Gallery - Key West, Florida
* Cleveland Center for Contemporary Art - Cleveland, Ohio
* N.O.V.A. - Cleveland, Ohio
* Spaces Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* The New Figuration - Cleveland, Ohio

#### 1990–1999

* The Cleveland Museum of Art - Cleveland, Ohio
* Midtown Gallery - Cleveland, Ohio
* World Tattoo Gallery - New York, NY
* Penson Gallery - New York, NY
* Feature Gallery - New York, NY
* Evanston Art Center - Evanston, Illinois
* Artemesia Gallery - Chicago, Illinois
* Hyde Park Institute - Chicago, Illinois

#### 2000–2008

* Toyoda Museum - Nagoya, Japan
* William Merrill Gallery - Laguna Beach, California
* Gallery 33 - Long Beach, California
* Don O'Melveny Gallery - Los Angeles, California
* Cast Iron Gallery - New York, NY

## Prominent collectors

* Peter Lewis - Philanthropist
* Richard Armstrong - Director, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
* Hugh Hefner/Playboy Enterprises
* Henry Hawley - Head Curator, Cleveland Museum of Art
* Progressive Insurance Corporation
* Flemming Flindt - Choreographer
* Akron Museum of Art
* British Petroleum
* Allen Ginsberg - Poet
# Science Guide

Science Guide (Chinese: 科学导报), also known as Science and Technology Review, is a simplified Chinese newspaper published in the People's Republic of China. The newspaper was officially founded on January 4, 1985, its predecessor was Science and Technology Newspaper (科技消息报), and was renamed Science Guide in October 2002 with the approval of the General Administration of Press and Publication. It is sponsored and supervised by the Shanxi Association for Science and Technology (山西省科学技术协会).

## Controversies

In 2008, when a safety incident occurred at the Huobao Ganhe Coal Mine (霍宝干河煤矿) in Shanxi province, real and fake journalists scrambled to get there - not to cover the incident, but to collect "hush money" from the mine. Among them, Niu Jianli (牛建黎), a journalist from the Science Guide, received 10,000 yuan from as the "hush money". After the scandal came to light, Niu's press card was revoked and he was ordered to return the stolen money, and the Shanxi provincial press and publication administration department imposed an administrative penalty of one warning and a fine of 30,000 yuan on the Science Guide Agency.
# Science Hall

Science Hall may refer to:
* Science Hall (Indianola, Iowa), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* Science Hall (Ada, Oklahoma), listed on the NRHP
* Science Hall (Alva, Oklahoma), listed on the NRHP
* Shanghai Science Hall, Shanghai, China
* University of Wisconsin Science Hall, Madison, Wisconsin, listed on the NRHP
# Schreier's lemma

In mathematics, Schreier's lemma is a theorem in group theory used in the Schreier–Sims algorithm and also for finding a presentation of a subgroup.

## Statement

Suppose $H$ is a subgroup of $G$, which is finitely generated with generating set $S$, that is, $G=\langle S\rangle$.
Let $R$ be a right transversal of $H$ in $G$. In other words, $R$ is (the image of) a section of the quotient map $G\to H\backslash G$, where $H\backslash G$ denotes the set of right cosets of $H$ in $G$.
The definition is made given that $g\in G$, ${\overline {g}}$ is the chosen representative in the transversal $R$ of the coset $Hg$, that is,
    $g\in H{\overline {g}}.$
Then $H$ is generated by the set
    $\{rs({\overline {rs}})^{-1}|r\in R,s\in S\}.$
Hence, in particular, Schreier's lemma implies that every subgroup of finite index of a finitely generated group is again finitely generated.

## Example

The group Z$_3$ = Z/3Z is cyclic. Via Cayley's theorem, Z$_3$ is a subgroup of the symmetric group S$_3$. Now,
    $\mathbb {Z} _{3}=\{e,(1\ 2\ 3),(1\ 3\ 2)\}$
    $S_{3}=\{e,(1\ 2),(1\ 3),(2\ 3),(1\ 2\ 3),(1\ 3\ 2)\}$
where $e$ is the identity permutation. Note S$_3$ = $\scriptstyle \langle${ s$_1$=(1 2), s$_2$ = (1 2 3) }$\scriptstyle \rangle$.
Z$_3$ has just two cosets, Z$_3$ and S$_3$ \ Z$_3$, so we select the transversal { t$_1$ = e, t$_2$=(1 2) }, and we have
    ${\begin{matrix}t_{1}s_{1}=(1\ 2),&\quad {\text{so}}\quad &{\overline {t_{1}s_{1}}}=(1\ 2)\\t_{1}s_{2}=(1\ 2\ 3),&\quad {\text{so}}\quad &{\overline {t_{1}s_{2}}}=e\\t_{2}s_{1}=e,&\quad {\text{so}}\quad &{\overline {t_{2}s_{1}}}=e\\t_{2}s_{2}=(2\ 3),&\quad {\text{so}}\quad &{\overline {t_{2}s_{2}}}=(1\ 2).\\\end{matrix}}$
Finally,
    $t_{1}s_{1}{\overline {t_{1}s_{1}}}^{-1}=e$
    $t_{1}s_{2}{\overline {t_{1}s_{2}}}^{-1}=(1\ 2\ 3)$
    $t_{2}s_{1}{\overline {t_{2}s_{1}}}^{-1}=e$
    $t_{2}s_{2}{\overline {t_{2}s_{2}}}^{-1}=(1\ 2\ 3).$
Thus, by Schreier's subgroup lemma, { e, (1 2 3) } generates Z$_3$, but having the identity in the generating set is redundant, so it can be removed to obtain another generating set for Z$_3$, { (1 2 3) } (as expected).
# Egham Regatta

Egham Regatta is a rowing regatta on the River Thames in England which takes place at the end of June on the reach above Bell Weir Lock near Egham, Surrey. The regatta is run from Wraysbury Skiff and Punting Club and the Runnymede Pleasure Grounds on the outskirts of Egham.
The regatta was inaugurated in 1909 and was affiliated to the Skiff Racing Association in 1913. It was suspended during World War I and had a chequered existence until it re-commenced in 1955 as a purely rowing regatta. In 1978 skiffing and punting were reintroduced making it the only regatta in the country that still provides racing for rowing, skiffing and punting.
Egham Regatta has a short sprint course of about 650 metres upstream from a stake boat start. The regatta is the last on the River Thames before Henley Royal Regatta and provides sculling events for juniors in singles, doubles or coxed quads. It caters for competitors of all levels and ages from the relative newcomer upwards.
# Robot learning

Robot learning is a research field at the intersection of machine learning and robotics. It studies techniques allowing a robot to acquire novel skills or adapt to its environment through learning algorithms. The embodiment of the robot, situated in a physical embedding, provides at the same time specific difficulties (e.g. high-dimensionality, real time constraints for collecting data and learning) and opportunities for guiding the learning process (e.g. sensorimotor synergies, motor primitives).
Example of skills that are targeted by learning algorithms include sensorimotor skills such as locomotion, grasping, active object categorization, as well as interactive skills such as joint manipulation of an object with a human peer, and linguistic skills such as the grounded and situated meaning of human language. Learning can happen either through autonomous self-exploration or through guidance from a human teacher, like for example in robot learning by imitation.
Robot learning can be closely related to adaptive control, reinforcement learning as well as developmental robotics which considers the problem of autonomous lifelong acquisition of repertoires of skills. While machine learning is frequently used by computer vision algorithms employed in the context of robotics, these applications are usually not referred to as "robot learning".

## Imitation learning

Many research groups are developing techniques where robots learn by imitating. This includes various techniques for learning from demonstration (sometimes also referred to as "programming by demonstration") and observational learning.

## Sharing learned skills and knowledge

In Tellex's "Million Object Challenge," the goal is robots that learn how to spot and handle simple items and upload their data to the cloud to allow other robots to analyze and use the information.
RoboBrain is a knowledge engine for robots which can be freely accessed by any device wishing to carry out a task. The database gathers new information about tasks as robots perform them, by searching the Internet, interpreting natural language text, images, and videos, object recognition as well as interaction. The project is led by Ashutosh Saxena at Stanford University.
RoboEarth is a project that has been described as a "World Wide Web for robots" − it is a network and database repository where robots can share information and learn from each other and a cloud for outsourcing heavy computation tasks. The project brings together researchers from five major universities in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain and is backed by the European Union.
Google Research, DeepMind, and Google X have decided to allow their robots share their experiences.
# Scott Barrow

Scott Barrow may refer to:
* Scott Barrow (footballer) (born 1988), Welsh footballer
* Scott Barrow (born 1987), Australian rapper known as Kerser
* Scott Barrow (rugby) (born 1980), British rugby union and rugby league player
# Sclater's lark

Sclater's lark (Spizocorys sclateri) is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is found in Namibia and South Africa. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The common name and the Latin binomial commemorate the British zoologist Philip Lutley Sclater.
Sclater's lark was originally placed within the genus Calandrella and some authorities continue to recognise that classification. This species is alternately named as Sclater's short-toed lark.

## Conservation status

Sclater's lark is classified as Near Threatened due to its scarce and localised population in the Nama Karoo.
# Rodag

Rodag or Rodak (Middle Persian: Rōdak, New Persian: رودک) was a 3rd-century Sasanian noblewoman, the wife of Pabag and the mother of Ardashir I (r. 224–242), the founder of the Sasanian Empire. She is mentioned in the inscription of Shapur I on the wall of the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht at Naqsh-e Rostam near Persepolis in southern Iran as “Mother of the King of Kings”.