OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Speculum feathers

The speculum is a patch, often distinctly coloured, on the secondary wing feathers, or remiges, of some birds.
Examples of the colour(s) of the speculum in a number of ducks are:
* Common teal and green-winged teal: Iridescent green edged with buff.
* Blue-winged teal: Iridescent green. The species' common name comes from the sky-blue wing coverts.
* Crested duck and bronze-winged duck: Iridescent purple-bronze, edged white.
* Pacific black duck: Iridescent green, edged light buff.
* Mallard: Iridescent purple-blue with white edges.
* American black duck: Iridescent violet bordered in black and may have a thin white trailing edge.
* Northern pintail: Iridescent green in male and brown in female, both are white on trailing edge.
* Gadwall: Both sexes have white inner secondaries.
* Yellow-billed duck: Iridescent green or blue, bordered white.
Bright wing speculums are also known from a number of other birds; among them are several parrots from the genus Amazona with red or orange speculums, though in this case the colors are pigmentary and non-iridescent.
# Pré-en-Pail-Saint-Samson

Pré-en-Pail-Saint-Samson (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the department of Mayenne, western France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Pré-en-Pail and Saint-Samson.
# Palo Pinto Mountains State Park

Palo Pinto Mountains State Park is an undeveloped 4,000 plus acre state park in Palo Pinto and Stephens County, Texas near the City of Strawn. The park is located in the Western Cross Timbers Ecoregion. The park is administered by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department which bought the property from private landowners in October 2011 with the assistance of The Nature Conservancy. The park is not yet open to the public.
The park land was originally a ranch. The land surrounds Tucker Lake, which is owned by the City of Strawn and provides drinking water for the town.

## Nature
### Flora

The park is home to various types of trees, including live oak, blackjack oak, Texas red oak, post oak, Texas ash, prickly ash, cedar elm, mesquite, ashe juniper and pecan. There are bluebonnets, Indian blanket, prickly poppy, coreopsis, soft goldenaster, Texas bluebell, little bluestem, prickly pear cactus and sideoats grama, the state grass of Texas.

## Fauna

The park has white-tailed deer, wild turkey, raccoons, squirrels, and various small mammals and a variety of songbirds. Fish found in Tucker Lake include bass, catfish, crappie, bluegill and sunfish.
# Thallamapuram

Thallamapuram is a village in Proddatur Mandal in Kadapa District in Andhra Pradesh State.
* This article about a location in Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Sarcochilus hillii

Sarcochilus hillii, commonly known as myrtle bells, is a small epiphytic orchid native to eastern Australia and New Caledonia. It has up to ten drooping, quill-shaped leaves and up to ten frosty white or pink flowers that have a hairy labellum with purple stripes.

## Description

Sarcochilus hillii is a drooping, epiphytic herb with stems 20–50 mm (0.79–2.0 in) long. It has between two and ten linear or quill-shaped leaves 60–100 mm (2.4–3.9 in) long and about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide. Between two and ten frosty white or pink flowers, 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long and wide are arranged on a flowering stem 50–120 mm (2.0–4.7 in) long. The dorsal sepal is 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide, the lateral sepals slightly longer. The petals are 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and about 2.5 mm (0.098 in) wide. The labellum is hairy, about 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide and has three lobes. The side lobes are erect with purple stripes on the inside surface the middle lobe is densely hairy. Flowering occurs between October and December but only a few flowers are open at once.

## Taxonomy and naming

Myrtle bells was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Dendrobium hillii and published the description in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from a specimen collected near Moreton Bay by Walter Hill (garden curator). In 1860, Mueller changed the name to Sarcochilus hillii. The specific epithet (hillii) honours the collector of the type specimen.
In 2019, a variety, S. hillii var. thycola was raised to species rank as Sarcochilus thycola in the Australian Orchid Review.

## Distribution and habitat

Sarcochilus hillii usually grows on trees in rainforest, often on Backhousia myrtifolia and occasionally on rocks. It is found between Rockhampton in Queensland and Bega in New South Wales and it also occurs in New Caledonia.
# USS Bittern

USS Bittern may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Bittern (AM-36) was launched 15 February 1919 by Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co., Mobile, Alabama.
* USS Bittern (AM-352) was laid down on 10 September 1943 at Portland, Oregon, by the Willamette Iron and Steel Corp.; named Bittern on 11 April 1944; and launched on 21 June 1944. The cessation of hostilities, however, prompted the Navy to cancel the contract for her construction on 1 November 1945.
* USS Bittern (MHC-43) was launched 4 March 1957 by Consolidated Shipbuilding Corp., City Island, New York
# Velserbroek

Velserbroek is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Velsen.
Velserbroek is planned town for the Velsen region and was developed from 1985 onwards.

## Notable residents

* Linda Bolder (born 1988), Israeli-Dutch Olympic judoka
# Symphony No. 5 (Haydn)

The Symphony No. 5 in A major, Hoboken I/5, by Joseph Haydn, is believed to have been written between 1760 and 1762, while he was employed either by Count Morzin or, Prince Paul II Anton Esterházy.
It is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns, strings and continuo. A sonata da chiesa, it is in four movements:
* Adagio ma non troppo, $^2$ $_4$
* Allegro, $^3$ $_4$
* Menuet and Trio, $^3$ $_4$
* Presto,
The opening slow movement and the trio in the third movement feature very high horn parts. Of Haydn's works, only those in the Sonata a tre, Hob. IV/5, and the 51st symphony are more difficult.
# Montiopsis

Montiopsis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Montiaceae.
Its native range is Peru to southern South America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru.
The genus name of Montiopsis is in honour of Giuseppe Monti (1682–1760), an Italian chemist and botanist. It was first described and published in Revis. Gen. Pl. Vol.3 (Issue 2) on page 14 in 1898.

## Known species

According to Kew:
* Montiopsis andicola (Gillies) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis berteroana (Phil.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis capitata (Hook. & Arn.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis cistiflora (Gillies ex Arn.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis copiapina (Phil.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis cumingii (Hook. & Arn.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis demissa (Phil.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis gayana (Barnéoud) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis gilliesii (Hook. & Arn.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis glomerata (Phil.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis modesta (Phil.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis parviflora (Phil.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis polycarpoides (Phil.) Peralta
* Montiopsis potentilloides (Barnéoud) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis ramosissima (Hook. & Arn.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis sericea (Hook. & Arn.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis trifida (Hook. & Arn.) D.I.Ford
* Montiopsis umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) D.I.Ford
# Southwestern Front

Southwestern Front may refer to:
* Southwestern Front (Soviet Union), one of the Soviet Fronts in World War II
* Southwestern Front (RSFSR), a front of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War (1918-1920).
* Southwestern Front (Russian Empire), a Front of the Russian Imperial Army in World War I
# Pseudostomatella baconi

Pseudostomatella baconi is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

## Description

The subturbinate shell has an oval-orbicular shape. The spire is produced, the apex acute. The whorls are concave above. The color is dull white, variegated with reddish brown. The shell is transversely spirally sulcate, the interstices longitudinally striated. The aperture is sulcate within. The white, inner lip is a little thickened, reflexed, and concentrically striate.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off Western Australia.
# Palace of the National Military Circle

The Palace of the National Military Circle, also known as the Officers' Circle Palace (Romanian:Cercul Militar Național) is located on Constantin Mile street in Bucharest, Romania. It was built in 1911, based on plans drawn by chief architect Dimitrie Maimarolu, using French neoclassical style. The beneficiary was the Officers' Circle of the Bucharest military garrison, which was founded in 1876.

## History of the palace

The palace was built on the site of the old Sărindar monastery; the fountain in front of the palace bears its name. The construction was done by a team headed by architect Maimarolu, in collaboration with engineers Anghel Saligny and Elie Radu, together with Paul Saligny and Mircea Radu; the interior decoration was supervised by architect Ernest Doneaud [ro].
During the 1916 German occupation of Bucharest in the First World War, the building's interiors were devastated. After the end of the war, the palace was officially inaugurated in 1923. During the communist period, the name was replaced with "Central House of the Army" (Casa Centrală a Armatei). In 1989, it was renamed the "National Military Circle" (Cercul Militar Național).
Today, the National Military Circle palace is considered a historic and architectural monument. It represents the central cultural institution of the Romanian army and it is also used for various cultural events and for representation and protocol purposes. The restaurant and the terrace are open to the public.

## History of the Military Circle

The Officers' Circle of the Bucharest military garrison was founded on December 15, 1876; its first director was General Alexandru Zefcari. For a while, the Officers' Circle was housed in rental locations, near Regina Elisabeta Boulevard [to] and Calea Victoriei.

### Directors

* General Alexandru Zefcari, 1876–1877
* General Alexandru Radovici, 1877–1878
* General Alexandru Budișteanu, 1878–1882
* General Alexandru Cernat, 1882–1883
* General Eracle Arion [ro], 1883–1893
* General Alexandru Tell [ro], 1893–1894
* Colonel Gheorghe Mareș, 1897–1902
* Colonel Constantin Z. Boerescu [ro], 1902–1903
* Colonel George Georgescu, 1905–1907
* General Alexandru Anghelescu [ro], 1907–1908
* Colonel Scarlat Panaitescu, 1911–1912
* General Dumitru Iliescu, 1912–1916
* General Constantin Iancovescu, 1916–1919
* General Ioan Istrate [ro], 1919–1921
* General Grigore Constandache, 1928–1929
* General Nicolae Popescu, 1930–1931
* General Ioan Bădescu, 1931–1932
* General Grigore Constandache, 1933–1934
* General Grigore Cornicioiu, 1934
* General Ioan Negoescu, 1934–1937
* General Gheorghe Mihail, 1937–1939
* General David Popescu, 1939
* General Constantin Sănătescu, 1939
* General Alexandru Orășanu [ro], 1939–1940
* General Barbu Alinescu, 1940–1942
* Colonel Ioan Dimulescu [ro], 1942–1943
* Colonel Gheorghe Georgescu, 1943–1947
* Colonel Ion Petreanu, 1947–1949
* Lt. Colonel Ioan Eremia, 1949–1950
* Colonel Corneliu Mănescu, 1950–1952
* Colonel Eugen Bantea, 1952–1953
* Colonel Matei Maci, 1966–1978
* General Ion Aurel, 1978–1980
# Type 02 torpedo boat

The Type 02 torpedo boat is a family of Chinese torpedo boats developed from the Soviet P 6-class torpedo boat, and these boats have since retired from active service in the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).

## Development

In 1954, People's Republic of China (PRC) and former Soviet Union (USSR) reached agreement to allow PRC to license produce Soviet P-6 torpedo boats under the supervision of Soviet technical advisors, with components and blue prints supplied by USSR. In the February 1955, construction of the first boat in China begun at Wuhu Shipyard (芜湖造船厂), the predecessor of the Wuhu Xinlian Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (芜湖新联造船有限公司), where a total of 51 boats were eventually built. Half a year later in August of that same year, construction of the first boat of the second production line begun at Guangzhou Shipyard, where 12 boats were eventually completed.
After completion of 12 boats at Guangzhou shipyard and 12 boats at Wuhu shipyard, USSR encountered difficulty to supply the specialized wood needed, so effort was spent to find domestic Chinese wood as a necessary replacement. From the 25th unit that begun construction in 1957, domestic Chinese wood had been used to successfully replace the imported wood. A total of 63 boats were completed, with 51 by Wuhu Shipyard, 12 by Guangzhou Shipyard. Originally equipped with Type 512 radar, most of boats were eventually had it replaced by Type 351.

## Variants

Several variants of Type 02 series torpedo boats have produced, including the following:
* Type 6602: First 24 units produced in China, differs from the original Soviet P-6 class in lack of the depth charges, because ROCN, the adversary of PLAN, did not have any submarines.
* Type 02: 25th units onward, with domestic Chinese wood replaced the imported Soviet wood.
* Type 0101: Derivative of Type 02 as an enlarged wooden-hulled gunboat version, developed under the supervision of Soviet advisor, with displacement increased to 75 tons.
* Type 6702: Version incorporating the steel hull of Type 0112 gunboat, entering service in December 1969 after 9 months development.
* Type 7102II: Steel hulled Type 02, first entering service in December 1974.
# Uracil glycol

Uracil glycol is a major oxidation product of cytosine in DNA. It can be readily bypassed by E. coli DNA polymerase I (unlike thymine glycol) and be a potent premutagenic lesion.
# Lladorre

Lladorre (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
# Sym-norspermidine synthase

In enzymology, a sym-norspermidine synthase (EC 2.5.1.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    S-adenosylmethioninamine + propane-1,3-diamine $\rightleftharpoons$ 5'-methylthioadenosine + bis(3-aminopropyl)amine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosylmethioninamine and propane-1,3-diamine, whereas its two products are 5'-methylthioadenosine and bis(3-aminopropyl)amine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosylmethioninamine:propane-1,3-diamine 3-aminopropyltransferase. This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.
# Montipora dilatata

Montipora dilatata, commonly known as the Hawaiian reef coral, is a species of coral in the family Acroporidae.

## Description

Morphology of this species can be quite variable. Colonies may be any combination of encrustations, plates, knobs, and branches. Montipora dilatata is a glabro-favoleate type that is characterized by a very smooth surface. Colonies are usually purple or brown and reach 3 feet (1 m) in diameter. The species only occurs in the Hawaiian archipelago, in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, and in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) at Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, Lisianski Island, Laysan Island, Maro Reef, and French Frigate Shoals.

## Ecology

This species requires calm water in sub-tidal environments. The species is easily broken into fragments by storms or bioerosion, with the fragments readily growing into new colonies. This species occurs in lagoons and bays and appears to be restricted to shallow, low-water motion environments. This species is very rare in Kaneohe Bay, but used to be more abundant and occurred in large patches on some of the reef flats.

## Threats and conservation

It has declined significantly over time and only 3 colonies were found in a 2000 survey. The main threats to M. dilatata include: 1) vulnerability to coral bleaching due to high temperatures (it was the first species to bleach during the 1996 event in Kaneohe Bay); 2) fresh water kills and exposure at extreme low tide; 3) habitat degradation and modification as a result of sedimentation, pollution, alien alga species (Gracilaria salicornia, Kappaphycus and Eucheuma spp. algae) and invasive green alga (Dictyosphaeria cavernosa) in Kaneohe Bay; 4) a limited distribution; and 5) damage by anchors, fish pots, swimmers and divers.
Two other species, M. turgescens at Kure Atoll and M. cf. dilatata (recorded at one site out of 30 sites surveyed at Maro Reef in 2000-2002) are similar, and genetic analysis should be done to confirm their separation into distinct species.
The Hawaiian reef coral is a U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern. Species of Concern are those species about which the U.S. Government’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA).
Coral collection is not allowed in the state waters of Hawaii without a research permit.
# Pseudostixis griseostictica

Pseudostixis griseostictica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1936.
# Palaephatus albicerus

Palaephatus albicerus is a moth of the family Palaephatidae. It was described by Davis in 1986. It is found in Chile, from the southern limits of the Coquimbo Desert in the Choapa Province, south through the coastal ranges to Valdivia and Petrohue.
The length of the forewings is 8.5–10 mm for males and 10–11 mm for females. Adult males have white and females yellowish white forewings. The forewings are lightly suffused with gray over the distal half of the wing and have a faint, pale fuscous oblique fascia across the middle of the wing. They are on wing from September to March, possibly in multiple generations per year.

## Etymology

The specific name is derived from Latin albicerus (meaning yellowish white) and refers to the forewing ground color, especially of the female.
# Type 030 submarine

Type 030 submarine was a mini submarine developed by the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) in the mid 1960s, and only a single unit was built. However, before the first unit could be completed, the program was cancelled in the early 1970s, and the unfinished hull was scrapped.
After Sino-Soviet split, China realized its navy, PLAN, was no match for the Soviet navy, and in the event of Soviet invasion, PLAN has to withdraw to coastal waters and even inland waterways to fight a guerrilla warfare against the much stronger opponent, as smaller submarines such as mini or midget subs are much more suited for fighting the underwater guerrilla war. In addition, smaller subs were also able to be mass-produced. In 1964, the deputy commander-in-chief of PLAN, Vice admiral Zhao Qi-Min (赵启民) formally issued the order to develop a mini/midget submarine, and the 701st Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC) was tasked to issue the requirement, which was eventually named as Type 030 in 1965 when the winning design was selected from several proposals.
Because the mini/midget sub was intended to operate in riverine and coastal region, the speed requirement was only 12 kt max, and hence propulsion requirement of the boat only rated at 320 kW. The general designer of Type 030 was Mr. Li Jian-Qiu (李建球), the general designer of Type 033G/G1. However, due to the unrealistic requirement of packing large amount of equipment and weaponry into a very small hull, the internal space was very cramped and production had to be stopped several times for redesign. As a result, production was protracted, with the first boat still not completed in the early 1970s after construction begun in June 1968, and as PLAN changed its doctrine in the early 1970s, midget or mini submarine were no longer a priority, and in 1973, the program was finally cancelled by PLAN, and with the successful development of larger Type 033 and Type 035, the unfinished first unit was broken up and scrapped. The electric motor of Type 030 was kept at the PLAN Naval Engineering University for exhibition.
# Scarlet fever serum

Scarlet fever serum was used beginning in November 1900 after its development in the Sero-Therapeutic Laboratory of Rudolph Hospital in Vienna, Austria. The serum was taken from the blood of horses. Infected children were injected in their abdominal skin by Dr. Paul Moser. Mortality rates from scarlet fever (also known as scarlatina) declined significantly following the use of the blood serum.
Moser at first used scarlet fever serum primarily on the most severely sick persons. After achieving positive results it was applied in the first or second day following contraction of scarlet fever. In many cases the children treated demonstrated great improvement in a very short time, with their fevers going away quickly. Moser worked with four hundred children suffering from scarlatina at St. Anne's Hospital. The mortality rate of those he treated was 8.9%. This compared quite favorably when measured against the 13.09% among children in Vienna hospitals where the scarlet fever serum was not administered. Moser's antitoxin reduced the mortality of scarlet fever by 40%.
At no time was the volume of serum available sufficient. As of November 1902 a strong concentrated scarlet fever serum was unavailable.

## Later serums 1903–1930

Dr. Aronson, a bacteriologist who worked at the Emperor and Empress Frederick Children's Hospital of Berlin, Germany, used a scarlet fever serum with positive results in early 1903. Specialists at the Chicago, Illinois Board of Health claimed that Aronson was administering a scarlet fever serum which they had discovered.
Aronson may have been the first to successfully segregate the scarlet fever bacillus. Perhaps this was a result of a micrococcus obtained from throat cultures. However, bacteriologists in the United States had been unsuccessful in similar experiments around this time.
In July 1923 it was announced that two Italian scientists, Giovanni di Cristina and Giuseppe Carolla of Rome, Italy, had isolated the scarlet fever germ and developed a serum.
Dr. A. Raymond Dochez (1882 – June 30, 1964), a native of San Francisco, California, is credited with discovering a serum cure for scarlet fever at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, while he was a researcher there in 1924. His antitoxin was developed following six years of study.
In Chicago, husband and wife Gladys and George Frederick Dick also developed an antitoxin and test for scarlet fever in 1924.
A Romanian scientist, Prince Cantacuzene, said that scarlet fever was far from conquered in July 1930. His own experiments with streptococcus led him to believe that scarlet fever was not a manifestation of the streptococcus bacillus. However, he thought that streptococcus might work as a conduit for the true scarlet fever bacillus. He contended that serums obtained from persons convalescing from scarlet fever were more effective than ones prepared from horse cultures.
# Unorganized Division No. 23, Manitoba

Division No. 23, Unorganized, or North Manitoba Unorganized, is an unorganized area within the defined region of Northern Manitoba, Canada. It consists of all of Census Division No. 23 excluding municipalities and reserves. Unlike in some other provinces, census divisions do not reflect the organization of local government in Manitoba. These areas exist solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation; they have no government of their own.

## Demographics

The unorganized census division has a population of 171 as of 2006, and an area of 238,004.86 km$^2$.
# Llacanora District

Llacanora District is one of twelve districts of the province Cajamarca in Peru.
# Hollinwood

Hollinwood may refer to two places in England:
* Hollinwood, Greater Manchester, an area of Oldham.
* Hollinwood, Shropshire, a village near Wales.