OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Self-Portrait in the Costume of the Abbot of the Accademia della Val di Blenio

Self-Portrait in the Costume of the Abbot of the Accademia della Val di Blenio is a c.1568 oil on canvas painting by Giovan Paolo Lomazzo, now in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan. It is signed in capitals at the bottom ZAVARGNA.NABAS.VALLIS.BREGNI.ET.IPL.PITR 15[...] (compà Zavargna was the artist's academy name).

## History

The Accademia della Val di Blenio gathered artists, artisans, goldsmiths, musicians and actors, declaring themselves interested by ancient Roman Bacchic rites, creative 'furor' and the bizarre and grotesque inspiration typical of Mannerism. Its members created pseudonyms and fictional alter-egos, meeting under the guise of commoners (specifically those from the Blenio area, known for its harsh and distinctive accent) and underwent a kind of secret initiation during Carlo Borromeo's severe and ascectic Counter-Reformation in Lombardy.
In 1568 Lomazzo was made the Accademia's nabàd (i.e. prior) and so in this work showed himself with its insignia, a thyrsus covered with ivy and an intertwined vine wreath, inspired by the iconography of Bacchus. The other elements are explained in a passage written in "facchinesca" language (a kind of incomprehensible dialect inspired by the inflexions of the upper Como and the Canton of Ticino) in the Introducigliògn to the Rabìsch dra Academiglia dor compà Zavargna (the collection of the "facchini"'s poems) - the "Pèll d'or cavrètt" hat and the straw "capelàsc" are symbols of humility, while the medal on the hat represents a sort of watering can, the Accademia's seal, which refers to the idea of Dionysian intoxication via colossal and orgiastic drinking through an open mouth.
Some critics have seen in its composition a precedent for Caravaggio's Young Sick Bacchus.
# Serge Bramly

Serge Bramly (born 31 January 1949) is a French-language writer and essayist.

## Biography

He was born into a Jewish family in Tunis, Tunisia. When he was ten years old, his family emigrated to France. His sister is Sophie Bramly, the Paris-based photographer and filmmaker. He was married to photographer Bettina Rheims, with whom he has collaborated frequently, and had a son, Virgile. His novel La terreur dans le boudoir was adapted by Benoît Jacquot for the 2000 French film Sade. He is also noted for his books on Leonardo da Vinci and the Mona Lisa—Leonardo: Discovering the Life of Leonardo da Vinci, 1991 Leonardo: The Artist and the Man (1995), and Mona Lisa: The Enigma (2005). In 2008 he won the prix Interallié for his novel Le Premier Principe - Le Second Principe.
# Self-loading firearm

A self-loading firearm is a repeating firearm that can use some of the excess energy released from propellant combustion to cycle its action and facilitate loading of subsequent rounds of ammunition into the chamber, without needing the user to do any extra loading work with their hands.
Depending on whether the action can automatically perform both the loading and ignition procedures, or only automatically load the ammo but require manual actuation of the hammer/striker, self-loading firearms can be categorized into automatic and semi-automatic firearms.

## Categories of self-loading weapons
### Semi-automatic firearm

A semi-automatic firearm is a self-loading repeating firearm whose action mechanism automatically loads a following round of cartridge into the chamber and prepares it for subsequent firing, but requires the shooter to manually actuate the trigger in order to discharge each shot. Typically, this involves the weapon's action utilizing the excess energy released during the preceding shot (in the form of recoil or high-pressure gas expanding within the bore) to unlock and move the bolt, extracting and ejecting the spent cartridge case from the chamber, re-cocking the firing mechanism, and loading a new cartridge into the firing chamber, all without input from the user. To fire again, however, the user must actively release the trigger, allow it to "reset", before pulling the trigger again to fire off the next round. As a result, each trigger pull only discharges a single round from a semi-automatic weapon, as opposed to a fully automatic weapon, which will shoot continuously as long as the ammunition is replete and the trigger is kept depressed.

### Automatic firearm

An automatic firearm or fully automatic firearm (to avoid confusion with semi-automatic firearms) is a self-loading repeating firearm that continuously chambers and fires rounds when the trigger mechanism is actuated. The action of an automatic firearm is capable of harvesting the excess energy released from a previous discharge to feed a new ammunition round into the chamber, and then igniting the propellant and discharging the projectile (either bullet, shot, or slug) by delivering a hammer or striker impact on the primer.
If both the feeding and ignition procedures are automatically cycled, the weapon will be considered "fully automatic" and will fire continuously as long as the trigger is kept depressed and the ammunition feeding (either from a magazine or a belt) remains available. In contrast, a firearm is considered "semi-automatic" if it only automatically cycles to chamber new rounds (i.e. self-loading) but does not automatically fire off the shot unless the user manually resets (usually by releasing) and re-actuates the trigger, so only one round gets discharged with each individual trigger-pull.
# Self-limiting (biology)

In biology and medicine, the term self-limiting may describe a medical condition, or it may describe an organism or colony.

## Self-limiting organisms and colonies

A self-limiting organism or colony of organisms limits its own growth by its actions. For example, a single organism may have a maximum size determined by genetics, or a colony of organisms may release waste which is ultimately toxic to the colony once it exceeds a certain population. In some cases, the self-limiting nature of a colony may be advantageous to the continued survival of the colony, such as in the case of parasites. If their numbers became too high, they would kill the host, and thus themselves. In other cases, self-limitation restricts the viability of predators, thus ensuring the long-term survival of rare species.

## Self-limiting medical conditions

When referring to a medical condition the term may imply that a condition would run its course without the need of external influence, especially any medical treatment. However, the fact that a condition may be self-limiting does not mean that medical treatment would not bring the condition or its symptoms to an end more quickly, or that such medical attention would be unnecessary in severe cases.
# Serac

A serac (/sɛˈrækˌˈsɛræk/) (from Swiss French sérac) is a block or column of glacial ice, often formed by intersecting crevasses on a glacier. Commonly house-sized or larger, they are dangerous to mountaineers, since they may topple with little warning. Even when stabilized by persistent cold weather, they can be an impediment to glacier travel.
Seracs are found within an icefall, often in large numbers, or on ice faces on the lower edge of a hanging glacier. Notable examples of the overhanging glacier edge type are well-known obstacles on some of the world's highest mountains, including K2 at "The Bottleneck" and Kanchenjunga on the border of India and Nepal. Significant seracs in the Alps are found on the northeast face of Piz Roseg, the north face of the Dent d'Hérens, and the north face of Lyskamm.

## Incidents

* On a 1969–1970 Japanese expedition to Mount Everest, Kyak Tsering was killed by a falling serac.
* In 1990, an earthquake caused a block of serac to fall off Lenin Peak, triggering an avalanche which hit a camp, killing 43 people.
* In the August 2008 K2 disaster, the collapse of large seracs was responsible for at least 8 of the 11 mountaineers' deaths.
* The April 2014 Mount Everest ice avalanche responsible for the deaths of 16 climbers was caused when a large serac broke off.
* In October 2018, nine climbers from South Korea were killed at Mount Gurja basecamp in Nepal from a gust of wind, driven by falling seracs and snow.
* On 3 July 2022, a serac collapse on the Marmolada Glacier in Italy killed eleven people and injured eight others.
* On April 12, 2023 three Sherpas died from a collapse of a serac in the Khumbu Icefall section of the South Col route of Mt. Everest.

## Gallery

* Serac, Russell Glacier in Greenland
* Seracs in firn at 3,050 metres (10,000 feet) on the Winthrop Glacier of Mount Rainier in Washington, USA
* Seracs, Bossons Glacier, southeastern France
* Seracs, Bossons Glacier
* Seracs, Piloto Glacier, Cordillera Darwin, Tierra del Fuego
* Seracs at Catalunyan Saddle in Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in Antarctica
# Serada Tōshō-gū

The Serada Tōshō-gū (世良田東照宮) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Ōta Gunma Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the deified first Shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu. In the year 2000, it was one of the eleven sites connected with the Nitta-no-shō which were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan.

## History

The Serada Tōshō-gū was established by Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1644 on a site adjacent to the Buddhist temple of Chōraku-ji (長楽寺). This temple has a memorial stupa to Nitta Yoshishige and his descendant Serada Yoshiki. The Tokugawa clan claimed descent from the Nitta clan via the Serada cadet branch, and thus the temple was regarded as a clan bodaiji by the Tokugawa clan. After the deification of Tokugawa Ieyasu as the kami Tōshō-daigongen, the priest Tenkai encouraged the building a network of shrines subsidiary to the Nikkō Tōshō-gū at various locations around the country connected with Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Tokugawa clan in general. The shrine prospered during the Edo period, and was separated from Chōraku-ji after the Meiji restoration with the Shinbutsu bunri decrees of the new Meiji government. In 1879, under State Shinto's Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines, it was ranked as a village shrine.

## Cultural properties

* The main shrine building (Honden), Worship Hall (Heiden) and Karamon gate were all former structures of the Oku-no-in of the Nikkō Tōshō-gū that were relocated to this site when the buildings erected by Tokugawa Hidetada were rebuilt by Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1644. The Honden is a one-bay Nagare-zukuri style structure with a copper roof. The Heiden is likewise an early Edo period (1615–1624) structure. It is a 3 × 5 bay Irimoya-zukuri style building with a copper roof. All three buildings were designated an National Important Cultural Property in 1956.
* The shrine also has a tachi Japanese sword. Forged at the end of the Kamakura period to early Nanboku-chō period, it was a donation to the Oku-no-in of the Nikkō Tōshō-gū by Emperor Go-Mizunoo, and accompanied the buildings of that shrine to the present location. The sword has a total length of only 72.5 cm, but the metal fittings are silver-polished, and the scabbard is a leather base with gold lacquer and chrysanthemum crest lacquer work. It was designated an Important Cultural Property in 1921.
# Semyonovka

Semyonovka, also spelled Semenovka or Semënovka, may refer to:
* Semyonovka, Armenia, a village in Armenia
* Semënovka, former name of Qızılkənd, a village in Azerbaijan
* Semyonovka, Russia, several inhabited localities in Russia
* Semyonovka, alternative spelling of Semenivka, several locations in Ukraine
* Semyonovka, Issyk Kul, a village in Kyrgyzstan
# Sembouès

Sembouès is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
# United Namib Independence Party

The United Namib Independence Party was a political party in Namibia. It was founded in 1964 by the Herero Chiefs Council, after the HCC broke with the South West African National Union (SWANU).
# UnitingCare Partnership

UnitingCare Partnership was a limited liability partnership formed by Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

## Bid award

The partnership was selected as the preferred bidder by NHS Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Clinical Commissioning Group as Lead Provider of older people's healthcare and adult community services, able to integrate services, with the intention providing more joined-up care for patients. This decision came after a 15-month service design and procurement process and the partnership started delivering services on 1 April 2015. Commonly NHS contracts are just one or two years in length. This contract was to be a five-year contract.
Julian Huppert, MP for Cambridge, welcomed the news that the new combined services for elderly people will be run by the NHS. He said he wanted services to stay in the NHS, where the quality of health care is prioritised, as opposed to provision by private companies who have an obligation to generate a profit for their shareholders.

## Criticism of bidding process

The process of awarding the £800 million contract was criticised by campaigning group Stop the NHS Sell-Off, which was supported by 38 Degrees, who said the process cost £1 million.
The organisation planned to provide:
* new neighbourhood teams to bring together community health, mental health, acute care and third sector providers into teams "built around general practices in local neighbourhoods"
* a new "OneCall" service: a 24/7 single point of coordination, provided by South Central Ambulance Service, which GPs or local clinicians can contact to arrange for urgent care for people most at risk of admission
* a 24/7 urgent care, community based rapid response service, called the joint emergency team, provided by Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust.
The contract provides seven domains against which its outcomes will be judged: patient experience; safe care; quality care; prevention; urgent care; long term care; and end of life care. Within these there are 62 indicators. Eventually 15% of the contract value will depend on performance against these indicators.

## Contract termination

On 3 December 2015 UnitingCare Partnership and Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Clinical Commissioning Group released a joint statement explaining that the contract was being terminated because they agreed it was no longer financially sustainable. The statement suggested that the service delivery model will continue for the time being. The National Audit Office undertook an investigation into the collapse of the contract, which was published in July 2016. Their verdict was that the contract "failed for financial reasons which could, and should, have been foreseen".
# Unitia, Tennessee

Unitia is an Unincorporated community of Loudon County, Tennessee. Historically it was a crossroads village, the site of a post office, and a stop on the Underground Railroad. The historical center of the community was flooded in the 1940s by the filling of the reservoir behind Fort Loudoun Dam.

## History

The site of Unitia, south of the Tennessee River on Cloyd Creek near its confluence with the river, was the location of a Cherokee encampment before 1770.
Unitia was settled by Quakers in 1791. The original name of the community may have been Unity.
The community got its first post office in 1818. It closed in 1823, but reopened in 1824 and operated until 1903. In 1825, James Jones, a Quaker, commenced two decades of service as postmaster. The community was identified as a "post village" in 1860. In 1895, a Rand McNally atlas listed Unitia as a community with a post office, a population of 142, and no rail service. Before Loudon County was formed in 1870, Unitia was part of Blount County.
Historians identify Unitia and the nearby community of Friendsville, which was also established by Quakers, as "stations" on the Underground Railroad, despite Tennessee being a Confederate state.
In the 1940s, the filling of the Tennessee Valley Authority reservoir behind Fort Loudoun Dam inundated the part of Unitia that lay closest to the Tennessee River, including Main Street and some homes and commercial establishments.
# Unitika

Unitika Ltd (ユニチカ株式会社, Yunichika Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese company based in Osaka. Primarily, the company produces various textiles, glass, plastics, and carbon fiber products. They are also known for their films, which are used in consumer products like athletic apparel and food packaging.
As of July 2009, they gained notoriety when they announced their new plastic, which exceeds ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) in terms of carbon emissions during production and heat/impact durability.
Unitika has 46 subsidiary companies across Japan, in Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, China, Hong Kong, Brazil and the US. The company is listed on the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Osaka Securities Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index.

## Business segments and products

* Polymers
** Films
** Resins and plastic molding
** Nonwoven
** Biomass-based material (Terramac)
* Advanced materials
** Glass cloth
** Glass beads
** Activated carbon fiber
** Metallic fiber
** Thermosetting resin
** Aromatic polyimide
* Fibers and Textiles
** Industrial materials
** Garments, lifestyle materials, bedding
** Biomass-based material (Terramac)
* Health and Amenity
** Health
** Medical
* Others
** Environmental survey and analysis
** Real estate services, operation of leisure facilities (such as swimming schools and golf courses), software design, and mechanical parking facilities

## Gallery

* Unitika's head office in the Osaka Center Building
* Unitika Memorial Hall in Amagasaki
# Uniting Fore Care Classic

The Uniting Fore Care Classic was a golf tournament on the Champions Tour from 1982 to 2002. It was played in Park City, Utah, at the Jeremy Ranch Golf Club (1982–1992) and the Park Meadows Golf Club (1993–2002). It was played at stroke play each year except in 2002 when it used a Modified Stableford scoring system. From 1983 to 1986, it was an unofficial tournament that paired a Senior PGA Tour player with a PGA Tour player in a two-man best-ball format.
Seven-time PGA Tour winner Bert Yancey died of a heart attack shortly before he was to tee it up in the 1994 edition of the tournament which was eventually won by his friend, Tom Weiskopf. Afterwards Weiskopf said he planned to have Yancey's name engraved on the tournament trophy not just his own.
The purse for the 2002 tournament was US$1,500,000, with $225,000 going to the winner. The tournament was founded in 1982 as the Shootout at Jeremy Ranch.

## Winners

Uniting Fore Care Classic presented by Novell
* 2002 Morris Hatalsky
Novell Utah Showdown
* 2001 Steve Veriato
* 2000 Doug Tewell
* 1999 Dave Eichelberger
Utah Showdown presented by Smith's
* 1998 Gil Morgan
Franklin Quest Championship
* 1997 Dave Stockton
* 1996 Graham Marsh
* 1995 Tony Jacklin
* 1994 Tom Weiskopf
* 1993 Dave Stockton
Franklin Showdown Classic
* 1992 Orville Moody
Showdown Classic
* 1991 Dale Douglass
* 1990 Rives McBee
* 1989 Tom Shaw
* 1988 Miller Barber
* 1987 Miller Barber
* 1986 Bobby Nichols and Curt Byrum (unofficial)
Shootout at Jeremy Ranch
* 1985 Miller Barber and Ben Crenshaw (unofficial)
* 1984 Don January and Mike Sullivan (unofficial)
* 1983 Bob Goalby and Mike Reid (unofficial)
* 1982 Billy Casper
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# University Cottage Club

The University Cottage Club or simply Cottage Club is one of eleven current eating clubs at Princeton University, in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. It is one of the six bicker clubs, along with The Ivy Club, Tiger Inn, Cap and Gown Club, Cannon Club and Tower Club.

## History

In 1884, a group of freshmen who called themselves "The Seven Wise Men of Grease" of the Class of 1888, chose to eat in a private room on the second floor of Dohm's Restaurant on Nassau Street across from the campus. In their sophomore year, the group moved up Nassau Street to a hotel on the corner of Railroad Avenue (now University Place) known as The University Hotel. In September of their junior year as they were joined by several other students, they found a small house immediately south of The University Hotel on Railroad Avenue (where Hamilton Hall now stands) owned by the college, known as "The University Cottage". A couple was hired to cook and serve their meals. Prior to their graduation in 1888, the group invited members from the sophomore class to join their new venue. In 1889, new members of this society adopted legal papers and agreed on the name "The University Cottage Club of Princeton."
In 1890, a lot on Prospect Avenue (upon which today's clubhouse stands) was purchased and a shingled Victorian clubhouse was built in 1892. The enrollment continued to grow and this structure was moved to Library Place when plans were made for a larger building. The current 2+1⁄2-story Georgian Revival clubhouse was designed by Charles Follen McKim of the New York architectural firm McKim, Mead and White in 1903 and built in 1906.
The library on the second floor is modeled on the fourteenth century library in Merton College, Oxford University. In the Dining Room, one such carving reads “Ubi Amici Ibidem Sunt Opes” (“Where there are friends there are riches”) which has become over the years a motto of the Club.
In 1979, Cottage Club was one of three all-male eating clubs sued by 1980 Princeton graduate Sally Frank for sex discrimination. Ms. Frank prevailed in 1985. Following the suit, the Club voted to admit women in early 1986. Cottage has historically been numbered among the "Big Four" eating clubs of Princeton University (the others are Ivy, Cap and Gown, and Tiger Inn).
Recent renovations have kept the club in first-class condition while preserving its historic beauty. Many young literary enthusiasts like to visit the library where F. Scott Fitzgerald began his novel This Side of Paradise.
On September 14, 1999, the Club was entered onto the New Jersey Register of Historic Places. On November 15, 1999, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places based on the architectural structure of the building, high degree of historic integrity, and significant cultural contributions to the community.