OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Starfire Optical Range

Starfire Optical Range (SOR - Pronounced as an initialism) is a United States Air Force research laboratory on the Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Its primary duty, according to the official website, is to "develop and demonstrate optical wavefront control technologies." The range is a secure lab facility and is a division of the Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory.
SOR's optical equipment includes a 3.5 meter telescope which is "one of the largest telescopes in the world equipped with adaptive optics designed for satellite tracking" according to the Air Force, a 1.5 meter telescope, and a 1-meter beam director.

## Purpose

The purpose of Starfire is to conduct research to use adaptive optics to remove the effects of scintillation (atmospheric turbulence). Turbulence interferes with laser beam integrity over distances. Lasers are being used for long-distance high-bandwidth communications and accuracy in air-to-air laser connectivity is important for data integrity.
Scintillation is also a problem in development of weaponized lasers, such as the airborne laser being developed to intercept intercontinental ballistic missiles.
According to an article published on May 3, 2006, in The New York Times, research is being conducted at the laboratory into how to use ground-based lasers to disable satellites; that is, as an anti-satellite weapon.
# Leroy Johnson (Medal of Honor)

Leroy Johnson (December 6, 1919 – December 15, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in World War II. Camp Leroy Johnson in New Orleans, LA, was renamed after him in 1947.

## Biography

Johnson joined the Army from Oakdale, Louisiana on November 26, 1941 and was assigned to the 32nd Infantry Division. On April 6, 1943, Sgt. Johnson was awarded the Silver Star for gallantry in action against entrenched Japanese at Senananda. By December 15, 1944, he was serving as a Sergeant in Company K, 126th Infantry Regiment, 32nd Infantry Division during the Battle of Leyte. On that day, near Limon, Leyte, the Philippines, he smothered the blast of two enemy-thrown grenades with his body, sacrificing himself to protect those around him. For this action, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor ten months later, on October 2, 1945.
Johnson was buried at the Manila American Cemetery in the Philippines. A bronze memorial plaque in his honor was mounted on the wall of the Allen Parish courthouse in Oberlin, Louisiana, a few miles south of his native Oakdale.

## Medal of Honor citation

Sergeant Johnson's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   He was squad leader of a 9-man patrol sent to reconnoiter a ridge held by a well-entrenched enemy force. Seeing an enemy machinegun position, he ordered his men to remain behind while he crawled to within 6 yards of the gun. One of the enemy crew jumped up and prepared to man the weapon. Quickly withdrawing, Sgt. Johnson rejoined his patrol and reported the situation to his commanding officer. Ordered to destroy the gun, which covered the approaches to several other enemy positions, he chose 3 other men, armed them with hand grenades, and led them to a point near the objective. After taking partial cover behind a log, the men had knocked out the gun and begun an assault when hostile troops on the flank hurled several grenades. As he started for cover, Sgt. Johnson saw 2 unexploded grenades which had fallen near his men. Knowing that his comrades would be wounded or killed by the explosion, he deliberately threw himself on the grenades and received their full charge in his body. Fatally wounded by the blast, he died soon afterward. Through his outstanding gallantry in sacrificing his life for his comrades, Sgt. Johnson provided a shining example of the highest traditions of the U.S. Army.
# Karl Zwack

Karl Zwack was an Austrian pair skater. With partner Idi Papez, he was the 1933 European Champion and was a three-time World medalist

## Results

with Idi Papez
International :
| Event | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 |
| World Championships | | 3rd | | 2nd | 2nd | |
| European Championships | 5th | | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 2nd |
| National |||||||
| Austrian Championships | | 2nd | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 1st |
# Prasophyllum morganii

Prasophyllum morganii, commonly known as the Cobungra leek orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to a small area in Victoria. It has a single tubular leaf and up to eighty greenish flowers with purplish markings. Before being rediscovered in 2020, the plant had last been seen in 1933 and was presumed extinct.

## Description

Prasophyllum morganii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single tube-shaped leaf up to 160 mm (6 in) long and 4–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. Between fifty and eighty scented, widely-opening flowers are crowded along flowering stem 40–100 mm (2–4 in) long which reaches to a height of 100–250 mm (4–10 in). The flowers are greenish with purple markings and as with others in the genus, are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The ovary is oval-shaped and 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long. The dorsal sepal is broadly egg-shaped, green and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and the lateral sepals are a similar length but narrower and are free from each other. The petals are similar in size to the lateral sepals and curve forwards. The labellum is heart-shaped, purplish or pink, up to 4 mm (0.2 in) long and turns upwards. There is a deep purplish, triangular callus with a V-shaped ridge along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs in October and November.

## Taxonomy and naming

Prasophyllum morganii was first formally described in 1930 by William Henry Nicholls and the description was published in The Victorian Naturalist from a specimen collected near Cobungra.

## Distribution and habitat

The Cobungra leek orchid was only known from a single location on private property, growing in open snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora) forest at altitudes of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft). Fewer than fifteen plants were known but no plants had been seen since 1933 despite extensive searches in the area.
In 2000, an orchid similar to P. morganii was collected from Kosciuszko National Park was described by David Jones in the journal The Orchadian and given the name Prasophyllum retroflexum, otherwise known as the Kiandra leek orchid. In 2020, following the Black Summer bushfires, plants collected from north-eastern Victoria and south-western New South Wales were compared with each other, and with herbarium specimens of P. morganii. The study in the journal Phytotaxa concluded that there were no significant differences between the plants collected and the herbarium specimens.

## Conservation

Prasophyllum morganii is listed as "vulnerable" under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC) Act and is listed as "extinct" in the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.
# Mamrux

Mamrux (also, Mamrukh) is a village and municipality in the Zaqatala Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,150. The municipality consists of the villages of Mamrux, Ələsgər, and Cimcimax.
# Helen Latham

Helen Latham (born 2 March 1976, in the UK) is a British actress. She is best known for playing Lucy Milligan in series 4 and 5 of the British TV drama Footballers' Wives and in series 1 and 2 of its spin-off Footballers' Wives: Extra Time. She has also appeared in many other popular UK television shows, including The Bill (Christine Weaver), Brookside (Jayne Ferris), Cutting It (Shania Tonks), Dalziel and Pascoe (Sally Craig), Dream Team (Natalie Hocknell) as well as the film Sex Lives of the Potato Men. Starred as Dinah in the roller-skating musical Starlight Express and is a winner of Stars in Their Eyes celebrity special, where she performed Dolly Parton's "9 to 5". Latham now stars in an advert for The Stroke Association posing as a victim of a stroke.

## Personal life

She met her husband, the actor Darren Morfitt in 1995 while they were both studying at the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts in London.
# Silver scabbardfish

The silver scabbardfish (Lepidopus caudatus), also known as the frostfish or beltfish is a benthopelagic cutlassfish of the family Trichiuridae found throughout the temperate seas of the world. It grows to over 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in length.

## Behaviour

Lepidopus caudatus is known to strand itself in winter months, likely due to being caught in currents when the fish migrate closer to shore for spawning.

## In a human context

Lepidopus caudatus is a traditional food for the Māori people of New Zealand, known by the name pāra. The fish was not typically caught, but eaten as a supplementary food when schools washed ashore, especially common around Moeraki in Otago. Māori traditionally believed that strandings were caused by the fish chasing the Moon, while early European settlers believed that frostfish purposefully chose to end their lives by stranding themselves.
# Nigerian Courts of Appeal

The Federal Court of Appeal of Nigeria is the intermediate Appellate Court of the Nigerian federal court system. The Court of Appeal of Nigeria decides appeals from the district courts within the federal judicial system, and in some instances from other designated federal courts and administrative agencies. As at 2010, there are 66 judges of the Nigerian courts of appeals authorized by the Senate. These judges are recommended by the National Judicial Council (NJC), nominated by the President of Nigeria and confirmed by the Senate. There are currently seventy-two Nigerian courts of appeals across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. There are 12 in the North-Central, 10 in North-East, 10 in North-West, 10 in South-South, 9 in South-East and 11 in South Western Nigeria. The headquarter is located at Three Arms Zone, Abuja.

## Structure and Organization

The Court is composed of a President and such number of Justices of not more than The Justices of the Court of Appeal, are appointed by the President of the country on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, (NJC). For the office of the President of the Court of appeal, the recommendation and appointment is subject to the confirmation by the Senate.
Justices of the Court of Appeal must be qualified to practice law in Nigeria, and must have been so qualified for a period not less than twelve years in practice. In line with the provision of the Constitution, Justices of the Court of appeal have a mandatory retirement age of 70years

## Judicial councils

Judicial councils such as the National Judicial Council (Nigeria) are bodies that are concerned with making "necessary and appropriate orders for the effective and expeditious administration of justice" within the court. Among their responsibilities are judicial discipline, the formulation of policies and implementation of such policies.

## Jurisdiction

The Court of Appeal like other superior court of records in Nigeria, derives its original and appellate jurisdiction from the Constitution as well as various Acts of the National Assembly. The Original jurisdiction of the Court of appeal is spelt out in section 239 of the Constitution. This section empowers the court to hear and determine matters on election petitions involving the election into the office of the President or vice president. However, pursuant to section 240 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended), the court of appeal is conferred with the exclusive appellate jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from the following courts;
* Federal high court
* The High Court of the States
* High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja
* Sharia Court of Appeal
* Customary court of Appeal
* Court martial
* Tribunal
# Vind

Vind is a Danish surname meaning wind. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ditte Vind (born 1994), Danish handball player
* Jens Juel-Vind (1694–1726), Danish nobleman
* Jens Krag-Juel-Vind (1724–1776), Danish nobleman
* Marianne Vind (born 1970), Danish politician
* Nim Vind (fl. 2005), Canadian musician
* Sophia Magdalena Krag-Juel Vind (1734–1810), Danish noble

## Other uses

* Noida Airport in India, with ICAO code VIND
# Tauriac, Gironde

Tauriac (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Witherow

Witherow is a surname, and may refer to:
* Charles Witherow (1852–1948), American baseball pitcher
* John Witherow (born 1952), British journalist,
* Peter Witherow (born 1987), Irish Gaelic football player
# United States Army Capabilities Integration Center

The United States Army Capabilities Integration Center (ARCIC), was located on Fort Eustis, VA, as a former U.S. Army center within the army's Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) tasked with integrating "warfighting capabilities into the force and among the military services and with other agencies" to include materiel, systems, training, and doctrine. ARCIC has a lead role in the integration of the army's BCT Modernization into the army.
The ARCIC was organized as three Directorates and one command:
* The ARCIC Plans & Operations Directorate
* The Concept Development and Learning Directorate
* The International Army Programs Directorate
* The Joint Modernization Command (JMC)

## Transfer to Army Futures Command

On June 4, 2018, the Headquarters, Department of the Army published General Order 2018-10, "Establishment of the United States Army Futures Command," formally transferring ARCIC from TRADOC to the new command effective July 1, 2018. The transition of authority from TRADOC to AFC took place at Fort Eustis, VA on 7 December 2018, with a reflagging of the Center and repatching of the Commander and CSM.
The center, at Futures Command, is now called the Futures and Concepts Center.
# Precious Blood Hospital (Caritas)

Precious Blood Hospital (Caritas) (Chinese: 寶血醫院（明愛）) is a Roman Catholic Community Hospital in Hong Kong, located at No. 113 Castle Peak Road in the Sham Shui Po area of West Kowloon. It is a Roman Catholic Christian hospital, run by the Caritas group, as is Canossa Hospital.

## History

The Precious Blood Hospital is Charitable hospital created by Sister of the Precious Blood in July 1937, hospital has three wings. first two were built in 1937 and 1939. The third one, the George Washington Wing, was built in 1975. the building suffered considerable damage during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (1941–1945). The Hospital was under the administration of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Precious Blood until 1993, when Caritas group took charge of its management. The Hospital was consequently renamed as the Precious Blood Hospital (Caritas).

## Healthcare

Precious Blood Hospital offers specialist outpatient and inpatient services in General medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Orthopaedics and Ophthalmology.
The hospital also runs a General Outpatient clinic and various health check and vaccination programs.
The hospital is a member of Hong Kong Private Hospitals Association. It is surveyed and accredited bi-annually by QHA Trent Accreditation of the United Kingdom, a major international healthcare accreditation group.
# Malonyl-S-ACP:biotin-protein carboxyltransferase

Malonyl-S-ACP:biotin-protein carboxyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.10, malonyl-S-acyl-carrier protein:biotin-protein carboxyltransferase, MadC/MadD, MadC,D, malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:biotinyl-[protein] carboxyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name malonyl-(acyl-carrier protein):biotinyl-(protein) carboxytransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
    malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + biotinyl-[protein] $\rightleftharpoons$ acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + carboxybiotinyl-[protein]
This enzyme is a component of EC 4.1.1.89, biotin-dependent malonate decarboxylase.
# Hellbound (Iron Angel album)

Hellbound is the third studio album by German speed metal band Iron Angel, released on 4 May 2018 by Mighty Music. It is the band's first album since 1986's Winds of War, and the first to feature a brand new line-up assembled by vocalist Dirk Schröder. A music video was made for "Ministry of Metal". A promo video was made for "Blood and Leather".

## Personnel

* Dirk Schröder – vocals
* Robert Altenbach – guitars
* Mitsch Meyer – guitars
* Didy Mackel – bass
* Maximilian Behr – drums

### Guest musician

* Hilke Braun – backing vocals

### Production

* Michael Hahn – mixing, producer, mastering
* Andreas Libera – engineering
# Mads Andersen (poker player)

Mads Andersen (born 1970) is a poker and backgammon player from Copenhagen, Denmark. As of June 2015, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,225,000. and Heroscore ranks him as the 16th most influent Danish poker player.
Before making his mark in the poker world, Andersen won the 2002 World Backgammon Championships. Andersen won the European Poker Tour (EPT) second season Scandinavian Open where he outlasted the field to take home DKr 2,548,040. In the final hand, his A♦ Q♣ defeated Edgar Skjervold's A♠ 10♥ on a board of K♥ 4♥ 9♥ Q♦ 10♣.
# Silberne Peitsche

The Silberne Peitsche is a Group 3 flat horse race in Germany open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run over a distance of 1,300 metres (about 6½ furlongs) at Munich in late April or early May.

## History

The event was formerly run at Gelsenkirchen, and it used to be held in August. For a period it was contested over 1,400 metres. It was given Listed status in 1983.
The race was extended to 1,450 metres in 1998. It was cut to 1,200 metres in 2000.
The Silberne Peitsche was transferred to Cologne in 2002. It was promoted to Group 3 level and increased to 1,300 metres in 2007. It was moved to the spring in 2010.
The race was switched to Munich in 2012. In 2014 the Silberne Peitsche is part of the Goldene Peitsche series. The winner of the race gets an invitation to take part in the Goldene Peitsche held in August in Baden-Baden. It was moved to the Baden-Baden spring festival in later May or early June in 2016.

## Records

Most successful horse (2 wins):
* Pentathlon – 1967, 1968
* Zünftiger – 1983, 1984
* Wondras – 1990, 1991
* Contat – 2009, 2010
* Shining Emerald – 2015, 2016
* Namos - 2019, 2020
Leading jockey (6 wins):
* Peter Remmert – Campanile (1961), Naretha (1963), Gegenwind (1969), Iffland (1978, div. ii), Aspros (1981), Zünftiger (1984)
Leading trainer (5 wins):
* Heinz Jentzsch – Erdball (1962), Dschingis Khan (1965), Akbar (1975), Colatina (1976), Esclavo (1980)

## Winners since 1980

* ↑ The 2021 race was run at Cologne

## Earlier winners

* 1957: Fallott
* 1958: Orsini
* 1959: Esplanade
* 1960: Adlon
* 1961: Campanile
* 1962: Erdball
* 1963: Naretha
* 1964: Anatol
* 1965: Dschingis Khan
* 1966: Wirbel
* 1967: Pentathlon
* 1968: Pentathlon
* 1969: Gegenwind
* 1975: Akbar
* 1976: Colatina
* 1977: Sardica
* 1978: i) Llanero, ii) Iffland *
* 1979: Belle Fee
* The race was run in two separate divisions in 1978.
# Nihal Chand

Nihal Chand may refer to:
* Nihâl Chand (1710–1782), Indian painter
* Nihalchand (born 1971), Indian politician
# Sainte-Opportune

Sainte-Opportune (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Orne department of north-western France.

## Geography

The commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, La Hiboudière,Le Fay, La Besnardière, La Saussaie,Le Grand Ros and Sainte-Opportune.
The commune has 5 watercourses running through it the river Rouvre and 4 streams the Prevostiere, the Grand Ros, the Haie and the Onfrairies.
vteNeighbouring communes :
Athis-Val-de-Rouvre
Durcet
Sainte-Opportune
Craménil
Bellou-en-Houlme
Briouze :
# Hellinsia katangae

Hellinsia katangae is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Haut-Katanga).
# Hellinsia kuwayamai

Hellinsia kuwayamai is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu), Korea and China.
The wingspan is about 16 mm and the length of the forewings is 8–9 mm.
The larvae feed on Aster ageratoides and Aster yomena.
# Hempstead

Hempstead may refer to:

## Places
### England

* Hempstead, Essex
* Hempstead, Kent
* Hempstead, near Holt, Norfolk
* Hempstead, near Stalham, Norfolk
* Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire

### United States

* Hempstead, New York (disambiguation), multiple places in New York named Hempstead
* Hempstead, Texas
* Hempstead County, Arkansas
* Hempstead High School (disambiguation), several high schools

## Other uses

* USS Hempstead, the name of more than one proposed United States Navy ship

## People with the surname

* Barbara L. Hempstead, American hematologist, neuroscientist, and academic administrator
* Edward Hempstead (1780–1817), American lawyer and pioneer
* Harry Hempstead (1868–1938), American owner of the New York Giants from 1912 to 1919
* Hessley Hempstead (1972–2021), American football player
* Isaac William Hempstead (Isaac Hempstead Wright, born 1999), English actor
* Stephen P. Hempstead (1812–1883), American politician
# Silberhornstraße station

Silberhornstraße is an U-Bahn station in Munich on the U2 and U7. It is located in upper Giesing. The station is also served by routes and of the Munich tramway.
# Women in Abkhazia

Abkhazian women, particularly those of older age, are traditionally portrayed as peacemakers, decision makers, and mediators in times of combat and conflict. The women in Abkhazia only have a marginal in number within the showground of Abkhazian politics. At present, Abkhazian women are more active as participants in the realm of business and in activities related to establishing organizations for women in their country.

## Gallery

* An Abkhazian girl, 1881.
* A young Abkhazian woman, before 1899.
* An older Abkhazian woman, c. 1890s.
# Mads Berven

Mads Falck Berven (born 23 May 1977 in Bergen, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (guitar) and law graduate from University of Bergen, known from a series of albums and cooperations with the like of Øystein Moen, Eirik Hegdal, Magne Thormodsæter, Ole Marius Sandberg, Kåre Opheim, Gard Nilssen, Per Jørgensen, Olav Dale and Helén Eriksen.

## Career

Berven received lessons in piano and violin at a young age, and started playing classical guitar with Stein-Erik Olsen in 1992. He is educated on the Jazz programme at Trondheim Musikkonservatorium (2003–07), and has played with a wide variety of artists and has many band projects. He was among other things for a number of years regular guitarist in Ralph Myerz and the Jack Herren Band.
Berven play in bands like "Dawn", "Robaat", "Duoz" for "Derreck" with John Hegre, "No får det vere rock", with Ole Thomsen and Ola Høyer and "Kniv og Taffel SwingJazz Orkester". He debuted as a solo artist with the album Mountains & the Sea (2011), an album with Kåre Opheim (drums) and Anders Bitustøyl (bass).

## Honors

* Winner of "Kronstadfestivalen" within the Rock band "BLY" 1994
* This years Live Band within Kniv og Taffel" 2002
* Bergen Kommunes Etableringsstipend 2008
* Vossajazzprisen 2008

## Discography (in selection)
### As band leader

* 2011: Mountains & the Sea (Komanche), within his M.B. Trio

### Collaborative works
#### With Ralph Myerz and the Jack Herren Band

* 2004: Your New Best Friends (Emperor Norton)
* 2006: Sharp Knives And Loaded Guns (EMI Music (Norway)/Virgin)

#### With others

* 2002: Kevin Keegan (Bergen), with the band "Logikal"
* 2003: Superworldunknown (Waterfall, Norway), with Karin Park
* 2003: Hush Hush (EMI Music, Norway), with Nathalie Nordnes
* 2003: Tafler Julen Inn (PS!), with "Kniv og Taffel"