OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dutch Belted

The Dutch Belted or Dutch Belt is an American breed of dairy cattle. It derives from the Lakenvelder of Germany and the Netherlands, of which examples were imported to the United States from 1838.$^{:171}$$^{:96}$ It became an important dairy breed in the early twentieth century, but could not compete with the Holstein-Friesian. By 1970 it was close to extinction; from 1993 the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (later The Livestock Conservancy) was active in the recovery of the breed. In 2021 it was listed as "critical" on the watchlist of the conservancy.

## History

The first importation of Lakenvelder stock into the United States was in 1838, when D.H. Haight brought some to Goshen, New York; others were brought to Orange County and to Pennsylvania in 1848, and a single cow was imported to New Jersey in 1906.$^{:171}$ In the 1840s P.T. Barnum exhibited some in his travelling circus. Sixteen of the cattle were shown in Chicago in 1893 at the World's Columbian Exposition.$^{:181}$ A breed society, the Dutch Belted Cattle Association of America, was formed in 1886 or 1901;$^{:172}$ it was incorporated in New Jersey in 1909.$^{:179}$
By 1916 the Dutch Belted, as it was now known, had spread to some twenty-five states and had reached about 1500 in number.$^{:172}$ It became well-known as a useful dairy breed, but numbers never rose very high. With the rapid spread of the Holstein in the mid-twentieth century, numbers fell and in the 1970s the breed association became dormant.$^{:172}$ In the 1980s, further pressure on the breed came from the policy of the Department of Agriculture to encourage the sale of dairy cattle for beef, with the aim of increasing the price of milk.
From 1993 the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (later The Livestock Conservancy) was active in the recovery of the breed and conducted a survey, which found that between 1981 and 1995 the average number of annual registrations had been 28 (21 cows and 7 bulls); in 1995 the total number of registered purebred stock was 34.$^{:286}$
By 2010 the population had increased to total of about 1500 head, including some 70 bulls and 700 breeding cows.$^{:172}$ The breed association resumed registrations in 2013. In 2016 the total Dutch Belted population was reported to DAD-IS at 464; in 2021 the breed was listed as "critical" on the watchlist of the Livestock Conservancy.

## Characteristics

The cattle are either black or red, with a broad white belt encircling the back, flanks and belly.$^{:172}$ Average weights are approximately 760 kg for bulls and 545 kg for cows.
# Dutch national flag problem

The Dutch national flag problem is a computational problem proposed by Edsger Dijkstra. The flag of the Netherlands consists of three colors: red, white, and blue. Given balls of these three colors arranged randomly in a line (it does not matter how many balls there are), the task is to arrange them such that all balls of the same color are together and their collective color groups are in the correct order.
The solution to this problem is of interest for designing sorting algorithms; in particular, variants of the quicksort algorithm that must be robust to repeated elements may use a three-way partitioning function that groups items less than a given key (red), equal to the key (white) and greater than the key (blue). Several solutions exist that have varying performance characteristics, tailored to sorting arrays with either small or large numbers of repeated elements.

## The array case

This problem can also be viewed in terms of rearranging elements of an array. Suppose each of the possible elements could be classified into exactly one of three categories (bottom, middle, and top). For example, if all the elements are in 0 ... 1, the bottom could be defined as elements in 0 ... 0.25 (not including 0.25), the middle as 0.25 ... 0.5 (not including 0.5) and the top as 0.5 and greater. (The choice of these values illustrates that the categories need not be equal ranges). The problem is then to produce an array such that all "bottom" elements come before (have an index less than the index of) all "middle" elements, which come before all "top" elements.
One algorithm is to have the top group grow down from the top of the array, the bottom group grow up from the bottom, and keep the middle group just above the bottom. The algorithm indexes three locations, the bottom of the top group, the top of the bottom group, and the top of the middle group. Elements that are yet to be sorted fall between the middle and the top group. At each step, examine the element just above the middle. If it belongs to the top group, swap it with the element just below the top. If it belongs in the bottom, swap it with the element just above the bottom. If it is in the middle, leave it. Update the appropriate index. Complexity is Θ(n) moves and examinations.

### Pseudocode

The following pseudocode for three-way partitioning which assumes zero-based array indexing was proposed by Dijkstra himself. It uses three indices i, j and k, maintaining the invariant that i ≤ j ≤ k.
* Entries from 0 up to (but not including) i are values less than mid,
* entries from i up to (but not including) j are values equal to mid,
* entries from j up to (and including) k are values not yet sorted, and
* entries from k + 1 to the end of the array are values greater than mid.
# Duygulu

Duygulu can refer to:
* Duygulu, Kozluk
* Duygulu, Sivrice
# Saint Peter the Martyr Parish Church (Sual)

Saint Peter the Martyr Parish Church, commonly known as Sual Church, is a Roman Catholic church located in Sual, Pangasinan, Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Alaminos. The church was reconstructed twice, during mid-1880s and 1891, in the Spanish Colonial Revival architectural style. For the third time, it was rebuilt again and was destroyed during the 1945 Liberation of Manila.

## History

Father Gabriel Perez began the construction of the first church and convent. The convent was later completed by Father Juan Gutierrez while the church by Father Pedro Villanova in 1870. A second church was constructed under the term of Father Felix Casas in 1883. The construction was suspended by the presiding bishop in 1891. The second church was completed by Father Eugenio Minguez in 1891 and was consecrated on June 8, 1893.

## Architectural features

The church resembles post-Baroque or the Spanish Colonial Revival architectural style apart from some of the components of the facade. The low entablature does not fit the classical proportions of the Renaissance style. The columns of the first and second levels provide an element of irregular rhythm, as well as the bell tower on the left side.
# Saint Petersburg, Colorado

Saint Petersburg is an unincorporated community in Logan County, in the U.S. state of Colorado.
The community derives its name from Pete Lousberg, who built the town a church in exchange for the naming rights.
# Salad bowl (disambiguation)

A salad bowl is a serving dish for salad. It can also refer to:
* Salad bowl (cultural idea), a cultural idea referring to the United States
* Salad Bowl (game), a defunct, annual, post-season college football bowl game
* Salad Bowl strike, a series of strikes, mass pickets, boycotts and secondary boycotts in 1970, led by César Chávez and United Farm Workers, that led to the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history
* The Salinas Valley in California, often referred to as the world's salad bowl because of the volume of produce exported from the region
* A bowl of salad
* Colloquial term for the Meisterschale, the trophy awarded to the German champions in association football
# Relief in place

A relief in place is a military operation whereby the relieving unit or formation replaces the force being relieved on a more or less one-for-one basis in situ and takes over its mission and assigned zone of operations. Once the relieving forces have been briefed on the situation and ground, the relieved troops then withdraw.
The relief in place is thus distinguished from other types of relief operation such as the "relief by forward passage of lines" and "relief by rearward passage of lines" whereby the incoming unit passes through the in-place force and takes over the mission from a position respectively ahead of or behind the existing troops.

## Sources

* JCS Pub 1-02, DOD, NATO
* This military-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Dusky elephant shrew

The dusky elephant shrew or dusky sengi (Elephantulus fuscus) is a species of elephant shrew in the family Macroscelididae. It is found in Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia. Its natural habitat is dry savanna.
# Dundalk Steam Packet Company

The Dundalk Steam Packet Company provided shipping services between Dundalk and Liverpool from 1837 to 1871.

## History

The company was founded in 1837 by Neal Kelly.
In 1871 the company amalgamated with the Newry Steam Packet Company to form the Dundalk and Newry Steam Packet Company. This survived until 1926 when it was taken over by the British and Irish Steamship Company.
Services from Liverpool to Dundalk and Newry ceased in 1968.
# Sajana Rana

Sajana Rana (born 13 June 1987) is a Nepalese women's footballer who currently is part of the Nepal women's national football team and plays as a futsal midfielder for New Radiant's women's team having previously played for the APF Club.

## Club career

In 2013 Rana won the most valuable player award at the 15th edition of the women's Ncell Cup. As a prize she was gifted one Yamaha scooter.
In 2015 it was announced that Rana would be moving to the Maldives to play futsal for New Radiant from March to April. In doing so Rana becomes the first ever Nepali women's footballer to play abroad. In the second game for her new club Rana scored twice to book her team's place in the regional tournaments quarter final. "I am enjoying it her in Malé. I scored two goals in our second match and I am determined to score goals un our very important match lining up" Rana told the press after the game.

## International career

Rana made her debut for Nepal in the 2010 SAFF Women's Championship. In a friendly match against Kuwait Rana scored in the very first minute in what ended up being a historic 8–0 victory for Nepal. Rana came into the 2012 SAFF Women's Championship caring a significant knee injury sustained in 14th edition of the women's Ncell Cup, yet she still managed to score three goals during the tournament, in an 8–0 win over Pakistan and scored twice in a 7–1 win over Afghanistan.
Coming into the 2014 SAFF Women's Championship Nepal were missing Jamuna Gurung, and it was Rana's job to support star striker Anu Lama. Rana herself scored two goals in another 8–0 victory over Bhutan as well as the second goal in the form of a penalty kick in a 2–0 win over Pakistan although in the same match she missed another penalty latter on in the game. In the semi-finals against Bangladesh Rana scored yet another spot-kick as the only goal in a tight 1–0 win. The tournament would end bitterly for Nepal as they once again lost to India in the final by a 6-0 scoreline.
# Saint-Loup-sur-Semouse

Saint-Loup-sur-Semouse (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Dwight B. Waldo

Dr. Dwight Bryant Waldo (June 13, 1864 – October 29, 1939) was the first President of Western Michigan University (WMU) in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Waldo was born in Arcade, N.Y. but spent his childhood in Plainwell, Michigan. Waldo was elected principal of WMU on April 1, 1904. He served as president from 1904 through 1936. When Western Michigan first opened, it was known as the Western State Normal School and later as the Western State Teachers College. One of Waldo's first moves, creating a rural school department, cemented WMU as a teaching college. It was the first such department in the nation and prepared teachers to effectively educate students in rural parts of America. Waldo also firmly believed in diversity on campus, and during his tenure many females and minorities were given the opportunity to attend the college.
In the beginning Western Michigan served as a two-year normal school, but under Waldo's guidance it was soon structured into a four-year teachers college. He also served as one of the first instructors at WMU. Waldo is credited with keeping WMU open when many government officials wanted to shut it during the Great Depression. The school's football stadium (Waldo Stadium) and library (Waldo Library) are named in his honor. In 1912, Kalamazoo College awarded Waldo a Doctor of Laws as an honorary degree for his accomplishments at WMU. In 1932, Michigan State University awarded Waldo an honorary Doctor of Letters.
Waldo was born in Arcade, New York, son of Simeon Smith Waldo and Martha Ann Bryant Waldo, during the final year of the Civil War. He and his family moved to Plainwell, Michigan in about 1874. Waldo graduated from Plainwell High School and went on to attend Michigan State Agricultural College (now Michigan State University) and receive an MA from Albion College. He married first Minnie Strong (children: Herbert (born 1894) and Ruth (born 1895)) and after Minnie's death, he married Eliza Lilian Trudgeon on September 14, 1904 (children: Elizabeth (born 1908), Barbara (born 1911) and Dorothy (born 1919)).
Waldo was noted for his interest and research into the life of Abraham Lincoln. His personal collection of Lincoln memorabilia is one of many displays at Waldo Library. A WMU librarian and Dwight Waldo Historian stated, "Waldo's vision, 'tough love' leadership style and unique combination of pragmatism and idealism are legendary around campus and Kalamazoo". Waldo had a pet parrot named "Jimmy Boy." Despite claims that he walked around campus with the parrot, there is no evidence of this.
Prior to assuming his leadership role at Western Michigan, Waldo was the first principal at Northern State Normal School (now Northern Michigan University) where he served from 1899 to 1904, and additionally served as the Department Chair of the History Department. 100 years after Waldo came to Western Michigan another Northern Michigan president, Judith Bailey, would follow in his footsteps to help Western Michigan kick off its "Centennial Campaign" after arriving in 2003. Waldo was also a history and economics teacher at Albion College before becoming principal at Northern State.
# Dundas Island

Dundas Island may refer to:
* Dundas Island (British Columbia), Canada, located near the city of Prince Rupert.
* Dundas Island (Nunavut), Canada
* Dundas Island, New Zealand, one of the Auckland Islands
# Dynamic timing verification

Dynamic timing verification is a verification that an ASIC design is fast enough to run without errors at the targeted clock rate. This is accomplished by simulating the design files used to synthesize the integrated circuit (IC) design. This is in contrast to static timing analysis, which has a similar goal as dynamic timing verification except it does not require simulating the real functionality of the IC.
Hobbyists often perform a type of dynamic timing verification when they over-clock the CPUs in their computers in order to find the fastest clock rate at which they can run the CPU without errors. This is a type of dynamic timing verification that is performed after the silicon is manufactured. In the field of ASIC design, this timing verification is preferably performed before manufacturing the IC in order to make sure that IC works under the required conditions before mass production of the IC.
# Salcca-Pucara hydroelectric project

Salcca-Pucara hydroelectric project is a hydropower project in Peru. The project envisages transferring water from the Río Salcca into the Vilcanota River and an electrical power output of 130 megawatt. The net worth of the project planned is $300,000,000. The start of construction work was planned to occur in September 2015.
Concerns have been raised that electricity from the plant will primarily benefit mining companies and will result in soil contamination and damage to agriculture, as river flows will be altered. There has been opposition, including strikes in 2007 and protests in the two following years which resulted in a temporary suspension of the project. Nevertheless, after negotiations in December 2012 the last community whose permission was outstanding approved the project of the Cuzco-based company Ege Cuzco. Opposition nevertheless continued, with a 2014 report of the ombudsman of Peru indicating the possibility of social conflict.
# Remember Us: Youth Part 2

Remember Us: Youth Part 2 is the fourth extended play by South Korean band DAY6. It was released by JYP Entertainment on December 10, 2018.

## Background and release

Following the release of Shoot Me: Youth Part 1 on June 26, 2018, it was announced that the second part would most likely be released by the end of the year. On November 23, it was revealed that the EP, entitled Remember Us: Youth Part 2, would be available on December 10.
The track list was released on November 26, 2018. Two days later, motion posters of each members were released. Solo teasers of Sungjin, Jae, Young K, Wonpil and Dowoon were unveiled on a daily basis from November 29 to December 3 at 12AM (KST).
Group and unit teaser images were published on December 4. Two music video teasers were revealed on December 5 and 6 respectively. The online cover was released the following day. On December 8, an album sampler was made available on Youtube. On December 10, the EP was released, along with the music video for "days gone by".

## Promotion

On December 10, 2018, three hours after the album's release, a "Comeback Show" was broadcast live on Naver's V LIVE broadcasting site featuring Day6 presenting their new songs.
Day6 held their comeback stage on KBS2's Music Bank on December 14 and promoted "days gone by" on several music programs in South Korea, including Show! Music Core and Inkigayo.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| French Digital Albums (SNEP) | 139 |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 3 |
| US World Albums (Billboard) | 10 |

### Singles

"Days Gone By"
| Chart | Peak position |
| US World Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 25 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| South Korea | December 10, 2018 | CD, digital download, streaming | JYP Entertainment, IRIVER |
| Worldwide | December 10, 2018 | Digital download, streaming | JYP Entertainment, IRIVER |
# Salama Ahmed Salama

Salama Ahmed Salama (1932 – 11 July 2012) was an eminent and well-respected Egyptian journalist, editor and author. He served as the vice chief editor for Al-Ahram newspapers for 22 years. and was editor-in-chief of Al-Shourouk newspaper and the political magazine Points of View. Salama also wrote a number of non-fiction books and served on the board of the Egyptian Journalists' Syndicate.
He has been called "perhaps the only Egyptian journalist who commands the respect of his colleagues right across the political spectrum." and one who has "retained the status of a non-partisan writer, often critical of the government and its policies, yet not a member of the opposition." He was well known for being highly critical of the Egyptian government.

## Personal life and education

He was born in Cairo in 1932. His father, an Arabic language teacher, was from Sharqiya in the Nile Delta. Salama obtained his BA in philosophy in 1953, and obtained a scholarship to pursue his higher studies in Germany in the late '50s and early '60s, while becoming a foreign correspondent for Akhbar Al-Yom. He stayed for four years, returning to Akhbar Al-Yom in 1964 as diplomatic affairs editor.
He obtained his MA in journalism from the University of Minnesota and came back again when the 1967 Six-Day War broke out. He met his wife Juliane in Germany and they had two married sons, Tarek and Karim, both of whom live in Germany.

## Career

He began working at Al-Ahram in 1968 and returned to Europe once more, remaining until 1972, as Al-Ahram's correspondent there. His years spent in Germany in the late '50s and '60s were the best part of his career, and it is there he formed a vision of what it is to be a journalist. He knew what it meant to have a press that is "strong and independent and respected". When he came back to Egypt, he began his weekly foreign policy column, "The Meaning of Events". In 1989 he started his daily column Close Up in dealing not with foreign policy analysis but commentary on everyday life.
Salama covered major international and Arab summits and conferences, such as the meetings of the UN General Assembly, and the US Presidential elections. He interviewed heads of State and leading politicians and is a specialist in German affairs. He was also noted for his writing on urban planning, the environment, and the poor human rights record of Arab governments, his stand in favor of non-governmental organisations and for easing political and administrative restrictions of them.
Recently Salama left Al-Ahram after helping form Al-Shourouk in January 2009. Salama wrote a number of non-fiction books including Grey Areas and The New Middle East. His most recent book, released in February 2009, was called Journalism under a Hot Tin Roof.
He was elected to the Egyptian Journalists' Syndicate board and served as a board member for a short time.
# Renee Cole

Renee Cole (born c. 1971) is a former American beauty pageant contestant who was crowned Miss Maryland 1993.
# Remington Williams

Remington Williams is an American fashion model. She has been on the cover of Vogue Italia.

## Career

Williams was discovered while working at a Chipotle Mexican Grill in Austin, Texas–10 days later she debuted at Calvin Klein. She has also walked for Sies Marjan, Marc Jacobs, Missoni, Moschino, Chanel, Rick Owens, Christopher Kane, Erdem, Maison Margiela, Miu Miu, Sacai, Schiaparelli and Coach New York (which she closed).
Williams was on the cover of the March 2018 issue of Vogue Italia and has appeared in editorials for Dazed, W, Interview and Love.
For the F/W 2018 season, models.com listed her as a "Top Newcomer."