OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Silene viscosa

Silene viscosa, the white sticky catchfly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to cool-temperate areas of eastern Europe, western Siberia, and western and central Asia, and has been introduced to Germany. Molecular analysis shows that it contains two highly divergent genetic lineages. There is a western lineage and an eastern lineage, suggesting that one is a cryptic species.
# Triprion spatulatus

Triprion spatulatus is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to the Pacific lowlands of western Mexico between the Sinaloa and Oaxaca states. It is known by several common names: shovel-headed treefrog, Mexican shovel-headed treefrog, shovel-nosed tree frog, and shovelhead treefrog.

## Taxonomy and systematics

Two subspecies that primarily differ in coloration are sometimes distinguished:
* Triprion spatulatus spatulatus Günther, 1882
* Triprion spatulatus reticulatus (Taylor, 1942)
Duellman (1970) allocated specimens from Sinaloa to the nominotypical subspecies and those further south and east to T. s. reticulatus. However, more recent research suggests that populations east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec represent a distinct but yet undescribed species.

## Description

Triprion spatulatus are large frogs, with males reaching 87 mm (3.4 in) and females 101 mm (4.0 in) in snout–vent length. The head has broad labial flanges, giving it a spoon-like shape, as attested in its specific (from Latin spatulus, "spoon") and vernacular names. The eyes are protuberant, moderately large, and anterolaterally oriented. The tympanum is visible but partially obscured by labial and/or postorbital ridges. The fingers bear large discs and some rudimentary webbing. The toes are about two-thirds webbed. The general coloration in the nominotypical subspecies is pale green or yellowish tan with green to yellow flecks. The head is somewhat darker than the back. The flanks have a yellowish cast. The venter is white apart from grayish brown flecks in the voval sac of breedings males. T. s. reticulatus has pale yellowish tan or olive-green coloration with dark brown or black reticulations and spots.

## Habitat and conservation

Triprion spatulatus occurs in lowland xeric and thorn-scrub forest and tropical deciduous forest at elevations up to 350 m (1,150 ft) asl. Breeding takes place in the temporary streams and ponds formed by rainfall and is therefore constrained to the rainy season. It is a common species that is not facing significant threats. Fire and changes in rainfall patterns are potential threats. Its range includes the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve.
# Torpedo ram

A torpedo ram is a type of torpedo boat combining a ram with torpedo tubes. Incorporating design elements from the cruiser and the monitor, it was intended to provide small and inexpensive weapon systems for coastal defence and other littoral combat.

## Overview

Like a monitor, torpedo rams operated with very little freeboard, sometimes with only inches of hull rising above the water, exposing only their funnels and turrets to enemy fire. In addition to the guns in their turrets, they also were equipped with torpedoes. Early designs incorporated a spar torpedo that could be extended from the bow and detonated by ramming a target. Later designs used tube-launched self-propelled torpedoes, but retained the concept of ramming, resulting in designs like HMS Polyphemus, which had five torpedo tubes, two each port and starboard and one mounted in the center of her reinforced ram bow.
The torpedo ram concept came about at a time when the self-propelled torpedo, pioneered by Robert Whitehead, had only just been invented. The earliest self-propelled torpedoes were obviously very powerful weapons, but were very short-ranged and incapable of reaching speeds greater than 10 knots, making them useless against anything but stationary targets. Another result of this was that for a time there was much confusion in naval circles about how best to employ the torpedo. During the 1870s a large number of proposals emerged for torpedo-carrying warships.
The torpedo ram, like most of the early torpedo-carrying warship designs, was intended to attack enemy warships while they were still at anchor in harbor. The torpedo ram's low profile and high speed were to make discovery and interception harder, as was the commonly stated intent for their attacks to take place at night. Once it reached the harbor, the torpedo ram was to smash its way through any seaward harbor defenses and make straight for the ships lying at anchor, launching its torpedoes before they could get underway. Once this was done, the torpedo ram would exit the harbor and make a high-speed escape to waiting friendly forces.

## Abandonment and legacy

It soon became clear that the proposition of attacking enemy ships in harbors was not a practical one. Because of this, torpedo rams were never particularly popular, and the design was largely abandoned by the end of the 19th century as other, more practical, classes of torpedo-carrying warships emerged. Only a handful were built. The best remembered examples of the type were the aforementioned Polyphemus and the United States Navy's USS Intrepid. Neither saw a great deal of active service and they were mostly used for torpedo trials, although Polyphemus did demonstrate the potential damage she could inflict when she was used to demolish a harbor defense boom via ramming.
While never popular with the naval services that created them, the torpedo ram can be said to have caught public attention in a manner which far exceeded its utility as a concept for a fighting ship. The heroic HMS Thunder Child in H. G. Wells' science fiction novel The War of the Worlds is a torpedo ram; she destroys two Martian Tripods before being sunk.
# Tinkertown, Virginia

Tinkertown is an unincorporated community in Bath County, Virginia, in the United States.
# Jean Roy (Huguenot)

Jean Roy, whose Provençal name was more probably Jean Rey, was a winegrower of Vaudois origin, settled in Lourmarin in the Luberon who emigrated to Dutch Cape Colony in 1688.

## Biography

Three years after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Jean Roy fled France and joined the Huguenots of South Africa, in the region of Franschhoek, near Stellenbosch and Cape Town, where he founded the domain of L'Ormarins.
Jean and his brother Jacques Roy came from the village of Lourmarin, in the Vaucluse. They embarked in Rotterdam aboard the Berg China, with Pierre Joubert, a huguenot from La Motte-d'Aigues, 10 kilometres from Lourmarin, and arrived in Cape Town six weeks later, on 4 August 1688.
Two others of the first 178 Huguenots of South Africa came from Lourmarin, Jeanne Cordier and Jeanne Mille. Five came from Cabrières-d'Aigues, ten from La Motte-d'Aigues, four from Lacoste, two from La Roque d'Antheron, one from Sivergues and eleven from Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque. The South African domain of Haute Cabrière is inspired by that of Cabrières-d'Aigues.
By 1694 he had replanted 4000 Chardonnay plants at the foot of the Drakenstein.
Jean Roy married Marie-Catherine Lefébure in 1712, who was also from Provence, after a first marriage with Jeanne Jolly.
His name died out in South Africa, one of his sons having had only two girls.

## The domain of L'Ormarins

Jean Roy sold his estate to Pierre Joubert around 1712, which expanded the La Motte vineyard, founded by Pierre Joubert.
This property was bought in the 20th century by billionaire Anton Rupert, who in 1969 made it the foundation stone of an empire that had become the world’s second-largest luxury company behind LVMH. The current owner is his daughter, the mezzo-soprano Hanneli Koegelenberg.
# Shishir Bhattacharjee

Shishir Bhattacharjee (born 1960) is a Bangladeshi artist. His paintings, critical of the political establishment but always in a satirical fashion, were first seen in the 1980s. His political cartoons appear regularly in daily newspapers in Bangladesh. During the past couple of years, he has produced paintings that appropriate images from Bengali film posters, altered to serve his social and political messages.

## Education

Shishir received a Bachelor of Fine Art from the Institute of Fine Art, Dhaka University, Bangladesh, in 1983. He received his master's degree in Painting from the Faculty of Fine Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in 1987.

## Career

Although one of the most influential artist of his generation, Shishir is best known to a mass audience as a political cartoonist for Bangladeshi largest circulation Bengali-language newspaper Prothom Alo and an associate professor of the Faculty of Fine Arts, Dhaka University, Bangladesh. His style as a political caricaturist has now given birth to a new generation of illustrators who follow his style.
He led the influential genre-breaking group of alternative artists "Shomoy" that appeared in the 1980s, and were considered the "third wave" of Bangladesh artists. He was a vociferous and early critic of the Ershad military junta, which frequently placed him at odds with the authorities. His scathing critique of the Jamaat e Islami and 1971 war criminals made him a hated figure for the right-wing forces. Shishir is a major influence on politically motivated Bangladeshi artists.
In 2002, Bhattacharjee released an album of cartoons.

## Exhibitions

Shishir Bhattacharjee presented his first solo exhibition in 1994 in Chittagong, Bangladesh, and his second solo in 2000 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He took part in a group exhibition under the ArtSouthAsia programme in Manchester, England, in 2002. He participated in a group exhibition in Pakistan. A month-long exhibition of Bhattacharjee took place in September 2007 in Japan. He was the only Bangladeshi artist in the 2007 show "System Error: War Is A Force That Gives Us Meaning" at Palazzo Papesse in Siena, co-curated by Bangladeshi artist and writer Naeem Mohaiemen. In March 2008, he had a group Exhibition in New York. In 2008, he had his first Bangladesh solo exhibition in seven years, at Gallery Kaya, one of the newer galleries. In 2013 he had a solo exhibition at Dhaka Art Center.

## Teaching career

Shishir has been teaching at the Institute of Fine Arts since 1989 at the University of Dhaka. As being an educator he has been invited as guest teacher at Slade School of Art in London. Under his teaching several students got reputation nationally and internationally including Firoz Mahmud and few others.
# Stelmaszyk S.1 Bożena

The Stelmaszyk S.1 Bożena was a one-off, single-seat Polish aircraft, designed and built by a seventeen-year-old.

## Design and development

The Bożena was designed and home-built by seventeen year-old Władysław Stelmaszyk from Ludomy during 1928, with financial help from LOPP. After some public ceremony and a donation of motoring petrol from a local clergyman, Jozefat Skrzypek, a pilot from the Polish Airmen's Association, took it on its first flight on 6 December 1928.
The all-wood Bożena was a braced high wing monoplane, with a two-part, constant-chord wing out to semi-elliptical tips. Plywood covered, the wing had a constant section and thickness and was built around two spars. Each half-wing was braced to the lower fuselage longerons by a pair of parallel steel tubes, enclosed in streamlined fairings, they met centrally on a faired pylon forward of the cockpit.
The Bożena was powered by a 35 hp (26 kW) Anzani 2A three-cylinder radial engine mounted with its cylinders exposed for cooling in a strongly tapered nose. Its rectangular section fuselage was plywood-covered, with rounded decking behind the cockpit. The empennage was also ply-covered, with a rectangular plan tailplane and elevators mounted on top of the fuselage and a cropped triangular fin carrying a deep rectangular rudder which moved in an elevator cut-out.
Its fixed landing gear was simple and conventional, with steel V-struts from the lower fuselage longerons and a single axle with rubber shock absorbers.
Early test flight reports noted the Bożena's combination of stability in windy conditions with good control responsiveity and manoeuvreability. Its short landing run and easy approach were also noted. It isis known to have made five flights in the winter of 1928–9, some on skis, and it also won a cash prize large enough to cover all costs, including that of the engine. Later it was on display in the Polish Army Museum in Poznań and in early 1938 returned to Ludomy, where it was destroyed during the German invasion of Poland.
In 1975 Stelmaszyk built a replica of the Bożena for the Museum of Aviation and Astronautics in Kraków which remained there, though not on display, in 2009.

## Specifications

Data from Cynk, 1971 except where noted
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 6.4 m (21 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 8.4 m (27 ft 7 in)
* Height: 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in)
* Wing area: 12.4 m$^2$ (133 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 180 kg (397 lb)
* Gross weight: 310 kg (683 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Anzani A2 3-cylinder radial, 26 kW (35 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden
Performance
* Maximum speed: 135 km/h (84 mph, 73 kn) at sea level
* Cruise speed: 105 km/h (65 mph, 57 kn)
* Landing Speed: 55 km/h (34 mph; 30 kn)
* Landing distance: 10 m (33 ft)
# RPL36AL

Ribosomal protein L36a like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL36AL gene.

## Function

Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which shares sequence similarity with yeast ribosomal protein L44, belongs to the L44E (L36AE) family of ribosomal proteins. This gene and the human gene officially named ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A) encode nearly identical proteins; however, they are distinct genes. Although the name of this gene has been referred to as ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A), its official name is ribosomal protein L36a-like (RPL36AL). As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
# Collegians (Belfast)

Collegians was a sports club for former pupils of Methodist College Belfast. In the 109-year history of the club, it had rugby union, cricket, hockey, basketball, and athletics sections. The cricket section merged with Cooke Cricket Club in 1998 to form Cooke Collegians, and the remainder of the club is now called Belfast Harlequins after a merger with the North of Ireland Football Club in 1999.
Collegians was the name for rugby union, hockey and cricket sections. The rugby club celebrated its centenary in 1990. The ladies' hockey section commenced play under the Collegians name in 1896 until around 1906 and then they played for many years on a non-competitive basis under the name of Methodist College Old Girls. The ladies resumed play under the Collegians name in 1942. The Collegians men's hockey section was much younger, commencing play in 1967. During the 1950s and 1960s Collegians also fielded a highly successful basketball team that won several cups.
Debate grew from the 1960s onward over the opening of club membership to all. Change finally came over a period from 1988 to 1990, with each section adopting its own change date. Initially there was a quota imposed to try to preserve the ethos of the club, but the quota system was quickly dispensed with.
Collegians Rugby Club won the Senior Cup on 8 occasions, the Senior League 7 times and the Junior Cup 7 times. Prior to the First World War Collegians were known as the Rosetta Men as they played their home games at Rosetta Park, close to the current Ravenhill ground of Ulster Rugby. William McFadzean VC played rugby for the team prior to the First World War.
In September 1967, Collegians Men's Hockey Club played and won its first ever competitive fixture, with a 1–0 win against Gallaher. In the first season promotion to the Intermediate League was secured with an unbeaten record in the league. This success was carried over to the 1968–69 season and the Intermediate League was again won. However, a restructuring of the leagues meant that the 1st XI had to win the League for the second year in succession to receive promotion to Senior League Section 2. The overall playing record in the first season was played 26, won 22, drawn 1, lost 3. They scored 111 goals and conceded 3.
In their first season in senior hockey, they were pipped for promotion by one point, remaining unbeaten (Played 18, won 8, drew 10). However, the following year promotion to the top section in the Senior League was achieved. The team finished level on points with Annadale, winning a test match by two goals to one to gain their place in Senior League One.

## Honours
### Rugby

* Ulster Senior Cup: 8
** 1905–06, 1909–10, 1912–13, 1925–26, 1951–52, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1982–83
* Ulster Senior League: 8 (1 shared)
** 1902–03, 1907–08, 1910–11, 1912–13, 1950–51 (shared), 1951–52, 1955–56, 1961–62
* Ulster Junior Cup: 7
** 1891–92, †1893–94, †1900–91, †1901–02, †1902–03, †1960–61, †1961–62
† Won by 2nd XV
# Discount rate

Discount rate may refer to:
* Social discount rate (of consumption), the rate at which the weight given to future consumption decreases in economic models
* Pure time preference, or utility discount rate, the rate at which the weight given to future utility decreases in economic models
* Annual effective discount rate, an alternative measure of interest rates to the standard Annual Percentage Rate
* Bank rate, the rate of interest a central bank charges on its loans to commercial banks
* Discount yield, a rate used in calculating cash flows
* Fees and other charges associated with merchant accounts.
# Trombone Atrevido

Trombone Atrevido is the third solo album by trombonist Achilles Liarmakopoulos released in 2015 by ODEG label. It's dedicated to choro music of Brazil.

## Musicians

* Achilles Liarmakopoulos: trombone
* Spiros Exaras: guitar
* Vitor Goncalvez: accordion
* Bam Bam Rodriguez: bass
* Helio Alves: piano
* Rogerio Boccato: pandeiro
* Felipe Fournier: vibes

## Production

* Producer: Spiros Exaras
* Executive Producer: Achilles Liarmakopoulos
* Engineer: Lou Scapino
* Mixing: Dixon Van Winkle
* Mastering: Bernie Grundman

## Track listing

* "Trombone Atrevido" - Pixinguinha
* "Choinho do sol" - Spiros Exaras
* "Andre de sapato novo" - Andre Victor Correa
* "Desprezado" - Pixinguinha
* "Amor e medo - Zequinha Abreu
* "Chorei" - Pixinguinha & Benedito Lacerda
* "Cavaquinho Seresteiro" - Waldir Azevedo
* "Choro N.1 (Choro Tipico)" - Heitor Villa-Lobos
* "Ave Maria" - Erotides de Campos [pt]
* "Canto em rodeio" - Pixinguinha
* "Cordas Romanticas" - Waldir Azevedo
* "Chora Trombone" - Jose Da Silva
* "Ternura" - K-Ximbinho
# Joe McGhie (footballer, born 1884)

Joseph McGhie (22 March 1884 – 8 September 1976) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre-half for Football League clubs Sunderland and Sheffield United in the and for Brighton & Hove Albion of the Southern League. He was a member of the Albion team that won the 1910 FA Charity Shield.
# South Mountain gray-cheeked salamander

The South Mountain gray-cheeked salamander (Plethodon meridianus) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae, endemic to the state of North Carolina in the United States, where it is only found in the South Mountains. It was formerly considered a variant of the red-cheeked salamander (P. jordani). Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# South Mountains (North Carolina)

The South Mountains are an ancient and deeply eroded mountain range in western North Carolina. They are an isolated remnant of the much larger Appalachian Mountains to the west, and are separated from the Appalachians by the Catawba River valley. The range covers approximately 100,000 acres (400 km²) in Burke, Cleveland, McDowell and Rutherford counties. The South Mountains are the highest and most rugged chain of the isolated mountain ranges which dot North Carolina's Piedmont region. The highest point in the range is Icy knob (privately owned, part of a gated community) which rises to 3,000 feet (914.4 m) above sea level. The South Mountains are heavily forested with Southeastern mixed forests. Water erosion from numerous rivers and streams has given the mountains narrow ridges and valleys.
The mountains were once inhabited by the Cherokee Indian tribe; after gold was discovered in the mountains in the 19th century numerous prospectors moved into the area, and by the time the mines closed in the early 20th century over $1 million in gold had been found. Today the mountains are sparsely populated, and no communities of more than a few hundred people are located in the immediate region (the largest nearby city is Morganton, North Carolina, located five miles north of the range). Much of the South Mountains remain in the hands of private owners. However, in 1973 the State of North Carolina paid $1.5 million to acquire 5,779 acres (23.4 km²) of land in the South Mountains, and in 1975 the South Mountains State Park was created. Today the park covers 20,949 acres (84.78 km²), and includes the impressive High Shoals Falls, which cascade over 80 feet down a sheer cliff and form a large, deep pool at the bottom. The park, like most of the South Mountains, is largely undeveloped, and much of it is still wilderness. Numerous rare and endangered plants lie within its boundaries, much of them documented by botanist Bill Moye, whose efforts helped expand the park to its present size. Adjacent to the state park the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission's South Mountain Game Land encompasses an additional 22,575 acres in Burke, Cleveland, McDowell and Rutherford counties. Bordering the state lands, Foothills Conservancy of North Carolina, a nonprofit land trust based in Morganton, manages 1,906 acres in the South Mountains Headwaters and Cane Creek Meadows Preserves as well as smaller tracts in the Wilderness Gateway State Trail corridor. The nearby Bob's Creek State Natural Area in McDowell County protects another 6000 acres.
# Souvans

Souvans (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Souvenance

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| All About Jazz | |
Souvenance is the first double album by Tunisian oud player Anouar Brahem, recorded in May 2014 and released on ECM a few months later on November 28.

## Composition

The album was written during the Arab Spring in Tunisia, Brahem says about this that "I had to wait for the pressure to fall, before I could resume work." and that "I don’t claim a direct link between my compositions and the events that have taken place in Tunisia [...] but I was deeply affected by them."

## Track listing

All music is composed by Anouar Brahem

## Personnel

* Anouar Brahem – oud
* François Couturier – piano
* Klaus Gesing – bass clarinet
* Björn Meyer – bass
* Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana - Pietro Mianiti
# Sean Swindell

Sean Patrick Swindell is a retired United States Army major general who last served as the Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Plans, and Training from July 2020 to September 2023. He previously served as the Special Assistant to the Director of the Army Staff from September 2019 to July 2020. He was the commander in charge of a bungled airstrike on a Doctors Without Borders hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan, that left 42 civilians dead in 2015.