OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sera Markoff

Sera Markoff (born 6 July 1971) is an American astrophysicist and full professor of theoretical high energy astrophysics at the Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam. She is a member of the Event Horizon Telescope team that produced the first image of a black hole.

## Education and career

Sera Markoff studied physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was awarded a Bachelor's of Science in Physics in 1993. In 1996 she gained a Master of Arts from the University of Arizona in theoretical astrophysics, and in 2000 she gained a PhD in the same field. She was an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn from 2000 to 2002 and a National Science Foundation Astronomy & Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 2002 to 2005. In 2006 she joined the University of Amsterdam as an assistant professor, and was promoted to associate professor in 2008 and to professor in 2017.
In 2019 she became editor of the journal Astroparticle Physics.

## Research

Sera Markoff's research focuses on the interface between astrophysics and particle physics, in particular problems relating to processes occurring around dense objects such as black holes. She is a member of a number of large scale research projects including the Low-Frequency ARay (LOFAR), Cherenkov Telescope Array and Event Horizon Telescope, which produced the first image of a black hole. She is a member of the leadership of the Event Horizon Telescope project where she serves as a member of the science council and as one of the working group coordinators.

## Awards and honors

* Willem de Graaff Prize (Willem de Graaffprijs) for Public Outreach, the Royal Netherlands Astronomical Society 2019
* Beatrice M. Tinsley Centennial Visiting Professorship University of Texas at Austin 2015
* Fellow of the American Physical Society 2014
* VICI Award 2015
* VIDI Personal Career Award 2007

## Significant publications

* Markoff S et al. (2005). Going with the flow: can the base of jets subsume the role of compact accretion disk coronae? Astrophys. J. 635: 1203–1216
# Rosine Elisabeth Menthe

Rosine Elisabeth Menthe (nicknamed: Madame Rudolphine; 17 May 1663, in Brunswick – 20 May 1701, in Brunswick, Germany), was married morganatically with Duke Rudolph Augustus of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1627–1704), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

## Life

Rosine Elisabeth was born the daughter of a barber and surgeon from Brunswick, Franz Joachim Menthe. In 1681 she married Rudolf August (1627–1704), the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Rudolph Augustus had been married in his first marriage with the Countess Christiane Elisabeth of Barby (1634–1681); she had died on 2 May 1681. On 7 June or 7 July 1681, the Duke married Rosine, who had just turned eighteen. They married in Hedwigsburg, near Wolffenbüttel. The Duke's younger brother Anthony Ulrich and his Chancellor Philipp Ludwig Probst von Wendhausen were present.
She did not receive a title during her twenty-year marriage to the duke; she was simply called Madame Rudolphine. We find this name in a letter from Electress Sophia of Hannover to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz of 18 August 1700. Children from this marriage would, according to an agreement Duke Rudloph Augustus made with his brother and co-ruler Anthony Ulrich, not receive a title either, but would receive "maintenance appropriate for a noble person". The marriage, however, remained childless.
In 1695, the Duke ordered his royal architect Hermann Korb to expand the Wasserburg castle at Vechelde near Brunswick into the royal Vechelde Palace. They would use the Madamenweg, which was named after her, to travel to Vechelde Palace from the Gray Court in downtown Brunswick.
Elisabeth Rosine Menthe died in 1701 at the Gray Court in Brunswick.

## References and sources

* Elisabeth E. Kwan, Anna E. Röhrig: Frauen vom Hof der Welfen, Verlag Matrixmedia, Göttingen, 2006, ISBN 978-3-932313-17-2
* Paul Zimmermann (1889), "Rudolf August", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 29, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 525–529
* Carl Eduard Vehse: Geschichte der Höfe des Hauses Braunschweig, part 5: Die Hofhaltungen zu Hannover, London und Braunschweig, Verlag Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg, 1853
* Johann Stephan Pütter: Über Mißheirathen teutscher Fürsten und Grafen, Verlag Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1796.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Zimmermann
* ↑ Vehse, p. 169
* ↑ Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften und Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen (eds.): Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2005, p. 190
* ↑ Uwe Flake: Westwärts durch Feld, Wald und Wiesen, in: Braunschweiger Zeitung, 3 July 2003, viewed on 16 May 2010
# Sergio Uñac

Sergio Uñac (born 15 February 1970) is an Argentine politician who serves as governor of the San Juan Province.

## Biography

Sergio Uñac was born at Pocito on February 15, 1970. He is the son of the former mayor of Pocito Joaquín Uñac and he is of Lebanese descent by his mother side. He attended primary school at the Antonino Aberastain school, and ended high school education in 1987. He studied law at the National University of Córdoba and graduated as a lawyer in 1994. He was a member of the Juventud Universitaria Peronista during that time.
He was elected mayor of Pocito in 2003, and was re-elected in 2007. He became vicegobernor in 2011, under José Luis Gioja. When Gioja was hospitalised following a plane crash, Uñac became the new interim governor on October 11, 2013. He led the state funeral for deputy Margarita Ferrá de Bartol, who died in the plane crash, and asked the population to stay calm and continue working as usual, despite the unprecedented event in the province. During his tenure he faced union requests from the vintners and medics. He negotiated with Barrick Gold in November, to prevent the corporation from leaving its operations in San Juan. In December, he dealt with police revolts, solved by increasing the police's wages. Gioja was rehabilitated on February 8, 2014, after 121 days of Uñac in government.
Unable to run for a new term, Gioja proposed Uñac as the new governor, in light of the good results of his brief tenure as interim governor. He was elected governor in the 2015 elections. His victory was well received by the mining and wine production sectors of the province.
# Ellerbee

Ellerbee is a surname that is a variant of Ellerby.
Notable people and fictional characters with this surname include:
* Bobby Ellerbee, voice actor
* Derrell Ellerbee, character in Roman J. Israel, Esq.
* Emmanuel Ellerbee (born 1996), American footballer
* Garner Ellerbee, character in Baywatch
* Linda Ellerbee (born 1944), American journalist
# Rototom

The rototom is a shell-less drum developed by Al Payson and Michael Colgrass that is able to change pitch by rotating its drumhead around a threaded metal ring. Unlike many types of drums, rototoms are designed to have a variable definite pitch leading composers to write specific notes for them as pitched percussion instruments. They are also often used to extend the tom range of a standard drum kit.

## Description
### Tuning

Rototoms can be tuned quickly by rotating the drumhead, which sits in a threaded metal ring. Rotation raises or lowers the tension hoop relative to the rim, which increases or decreases the pitch of the drum by increasing or decreasing the tension of the drumhead.

### Sizes

Drum company Remo has historically offered rototoms in seven diameters: 6 inches (15 cm), 8 inches (20 cm), 10 inches (25 cm), 12 inches (30 cm), 14 inches (36 cm), 16 inches (41 cm), and 18 inches (46 cm). However, as of 2023, Remo only offers rototoms ranging from a 6 to 10 inch diameter as part of a set that includes a mounting rail and stand. All other sizes have been discontinued. Each one is tunable over an octave's range or more, although the company notes that the practical range is approximately a sixth.

## Applications

Rototoms can replace more specialized drums such as tenor timpani owing to their clear, pitched nature. Jazz, rock and studio performers use rototoms both as a solo voice and as conventional tom-toms; they can be rapidly tuned to produce glissando effects and can be arrayed for a virtual percussion keyboard. For concert and marching band programs, rototoms combine rapid tuning with portability and sound quality, working both as concert tom-toms and as practice timpani. For stage bands and jazz ensembles, drum kits are fitted out with batter heads. When tuned to the mid-range, they have an indefinite pitch with fewer harmonic overtones than conventional tom-toms; tuned to the high range, they produce a sound not unlike timbales.
Rototoms can assist students in ear training and in developing their timpani techniques and— because of their portability, storability and relatively low cost— are often used by professional performers as practice instruments. They are also used as definite-pitched instruments in elementary music programs, such as Orff Schulwerk, where their sound quality, pitch stability and rapid tuning are assets.

## Repertoire

English composer Michael Tippett used a total of 38 rototoms— tuned chromatically, spanning across three octaves— in his last large-scale orchestral work, The Rose Lake (1993), based on a lake he spotted suddenly transforming from light green to translucent pink while on holiday in Senegal. In 1979, percussionist William Kraft published Encounters VI, a concertino for rototoms and percussion quartet.
# Ellesmere

Ellesmere may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Ellesmere, Queensland, a locality in the South Burnett Region, Queensland
* the former name of Scottsdale, Tasmania, Australia

### Canada

* Ellesmere Island, an Arctic island of Canada and named for Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere
* Ellesmere Road, an arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and named after Ellesmere, Shropshire
* Ellesmere station, on the Toronto subway in Canada

### New Zealand

* Ellesmere, New Zealand, a locality in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand
** Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora, a lake near Ellesmere
** Ellesmere (New Zealand electorate), an historic New Zealand electorate

### United Kingdom

* Ellesmere, Shropshire, a market town in Shropshire, England
** Ellesmere Castle
** Ellesmere Rural, a civil parish to the west
* Ellesmere Park, area of Eccles, Greater Manchester, England
* Ellesmere Port, an industrial town in Cheshire, England
* Ellesmere Port and Neston, a former district and borough in Cheshire, England
* Ellesmere Canal, a canal in the United Kingdom, now known as the Llangollen Canal

## Other

* Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere, a 19th-century English politician and patron of the arts
* Earl of Ellesmere, title in the Peerage of the UK
* Ellesmere Choi, Hong Kong TVB actor
# Rotational components of strong ground motions

Rotational components of strong ground motions refer to variations of the natural slope of the ground surface due to the propagation of seismic waves. Earthquakes induce three translational (two horizontal and one vertical) and three rotational (two rocking and one torsional) motions on the ground surface. To study the nature of strong ground motions, seismologists and earthquake engineers deploy accelerometers and seismometers at various distances from active faults on the ground surface or bedrock in order to record the translational motions of ground shaking. The corresponding rotational motions are, then, estimated in terms of the gradient of the recorded translational ground motions. Different methods may be adopted for the indirect estimation of the earthquake rotational components, such as time derivation and finite difference. Specialized instruments, such as gyroscopes and tiltmeters, which can detect small changes in the orientation of the ground surface, may be used to directly measure rotational ground motions. Currently, ring laser gyroscopes are widely used to measure the amplitude of rotational movements of the ground surface.
In most seismic codes, the excitation due to the translational components is solely considered in the design of resistant structures against earthquakes, and the effect of the rotational components of strong ground motions is commonly ignored. However, recent seismological data indicated that the ratio of the amplitude of the rotational components to the translational components at close distances from the fault can be significantly larger than that was expected. In the past decades, this observation led to the attraction of theoretical studies towards near-field effects of the earthquake rotational loading on the structural response. The results of these studies implied that the rotational components may result in significant damage of structures sensitive to high-frequency excitations, and, hence, their influence should be incorporated in seismic codes. For the first time, new seismic parameters were proposed to estimate the effect of the rotational excitation on the seismic response of structures.
# Ellis Perks

Ellis George Perks (born 18 March 1997) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from England. In 2019, he became the first ever rider to win all three tiers of the British Speedway leagues in the same season; the Premiership, Championship and National League.

## Family

He is the great nephew of former rider Dave Perks and son of former referee Robbie Perks.

## Career

Born in Worcester, England, Perks began riding grasstrack at the age of 6 and took up speedway aged 10 after moving to Australia with his family in 2007.
He made his British speedway league debut in 2014 with Scunthorpe Scorpions' National League team, and was signed by Poole Pirates as a club asset in 2015, riding that year in the Premier League for Scorpions and in the National League for Cradley Heathens and Eastbourne Eagles, and in 2016 for Plymouth Devils and Isle of Wight Warriors.
At the beginning of the 2017 season Perks signed for the Rye House Rockets. He also rode that season for Wolverhampton Wolves, Redcar Bears, and Buxton Hitmen. After failing to get a team place at the start of the 2018 season, he was signed by Peterborough Panthers in June as a short-term replacement for Emil Grondal, and in July returned to the Heathens team for their National Trophy campaign.
In December 2018 he signed to ride for Leicester Lions in the SGB Championship and Leicester Lion Cubs in the National League for the 2019 season. He also signed for Swindon Robins in the SGB Premiership. He went on to win all three leagues with these teams in 2019, the first ever rider to achieve this. He also won the SGB Premiership Supporters Cup with the Robins, the Championship Shield with the Lions and National League Knockout Cup with the Lion Cubs in the same year.
# Rotspitze (Allgäu Alps)

Rotspitze (Allgäuer Alpen) is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany.
47°27′34″N 10°22′09″E﻿ / ﻿47.45944°N 10.36917°E﻿ / 47.45944; 10.36917
* This Bavaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Seth Hoffman

Samuel S. Hoffman (September 8, 1895 – August 2, 1948) was a twentieth-century American artist, most noted for his black & white monotypes.
A native of Philadelphia, Hoffman studied at Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1914-1920) with Philip Hale, Emil Carlsen, Daniel Garber, Charles Grafly, and Henry McCarter, and at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris. Hoffman moved to New York, where he became a member of the Woodstock Artists Association and taught art at the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, Locals 22 and 91, in New York City.
By profession painter, etcher, and teacher, his work was exhibited at Pepsi-Cola, 1945; National Academy of Design, 1940; solo shows: Macbeth (Feb. & Nov. 1930, Feb. 1932), Grand Central (1935), Milch Galleries, NY; Casson Gallery, Boston; O'Brien Gallery, Chicago; Tilden & Thurber Gallery, Providence; Milwaukee Art Institute; Detroit Institute of Arts; Grand Rapids Art Gallery; Westchester Center, White Plains, NY. As a WPA artist, Hoffman was commissioned to create a series of monotypes set in Westchester for the county's offices and libraries, which he completed in 1934.
Hoffman's monotypes can be found in the permanent collections of Addison Gallery of American Art at Phillips Academy, Andover, MA; Springville Museum of Art, Springville City, UT; the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.; and National Gallery of Art Washington, D.C.; as well as in the currently touring Sigmund R. Balka Collection of the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion Museum, New York, NY. Two oil paintings are in the Nazario Renzoni & Vilma Valencia collection in Florence, Italy.
Hoffman was born on the 8th of September in 1895 in Philadelphia. He was married in Philadelphia in 1920 to Molly Gaylburd, known also as Marie "Molly" Gilbert, and they had one son, Henry G. Hoffman, born in Philadelphia in 1927. In New York, Hoffman lived in Lake Mohegan, Westchester (1935); Peekskill, Westchester (1940); and New York City. He died after a long illness on the 2nd of August in 1948 in Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, at the age of 52.
# Sergio Matteucci

Sergio Matteucci (31 August 1931 - 4 November 2020) was an Italian voice actor and radio presenter.

## Biography

As a voice actor, he was known for lending his voice to the commentator of the animated series Captain Tsubasa. He also lent his voice in Fisherman Sanpei , Urusei Yatsura, The Monster Kid, Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines, Lady Oscar and in the movies Rocky II and Rocky IV. He was also the radio commentator of Tutto il calcio minuto per minuto in the 1982-1983 season, and the voiceover of the match reports at the Olympic stadium in Rome during Domenica Sprint. He died in Rome on November 4, 2020.
# Seven Sisters Solar Project

Seven Sisters Solar Project is a 22.6 MW$_p$ (20.2 MW$_{AC}$) photovoltaic power station consisting of seven units dispersed across Beaver County and Iron County, Utah. The project was developed by SunEdison, built by Swinerton Renewable Energy, and completed in September 2016. The electricity is being sold to Rocky Mountain Power under seven separate 20-year power purchase agreements.

## Project details

The project consists of seven separate units distributed on private land at sunny and cool elevations near 6,000 feet.
Seven Sisters Solar Project :
| Unit | Capacity MW$_{AC}$ | Rating MW$_p$ | Coordinates | County |
| Beryl | 3.0 | 3.4 | 37°38′21″N 113°38′45″W﻿ / ﻿37.63917°N 113.64583°W﻿ / 37.63917; -113.64583﻿ (Beryl) | Iron |
| Buckhorn | 3.0 | 3.4 | 38°01′24″N 112°43′54″W﻿ / ﻿38.02333°N 112.73167°W﻿ / 38.02333; -112.73167﻿ (Buckhorn) | Iron |
| Cedar Valley | 3.0 | 3.4 | 37°48′28″N 113°05′24″W﻿ / ﻿37.80778°N 113.09000°W﻿ / 37.80778; -113.09000﻿ (Cedar Valley) | Iron |
| Greenville | 2.2 | 2.5 | 38°15′22″N 112°44′09″W﻿ / ﻿38.25611°N 112.73583°W﻿ / 38.25611; -112.73583﻿ (Greenville) | Beaver |
| Granite Peak | 3.0 | 3.3 | 38°24′10″N 112°59′20″W﻿ / ﻿38.40278°N 112.98889°W﻿ / 38.40278; -112.98889﻿ (Granite Peak) | Beaver |
| Laho | 3.0 | 3.3 | 38°17′29″N 113°02′08″W﻿ / ﻿38.29139°N 113.03556°W﻿ / 38.29139; -113.03556﻿ (Laho) | Beaver |
| Milford Flat | 3.0 | 3.3 | 38°17′29″N 113°00′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.29139°N 113.00833°W﻿ / 38.29139; -113.00833﻿ (Milford Flat) | Beaver |
Planning for the project was initiated by the independent renewable energy developer First Wind (founded 2002) which began expanding into photovoltaic energy around 2012. First Wind and its extensive portfolio of assets in western Utah were acquired by SunEdison and its TerraForm Power yield co in November 2014.
Construction of Seven Sisters began several months later in April 2015. Construction progressed simultaneously at all seven sites, created 135 construction jobs at the peak, and was completed by September 2015. The electricity is expected to power more than 4,000 homes. The project is operated and maintained by TerraForm Power.
SunEdison filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on April 21, 2016. TerraForm retained ownership of the already completed Seven Sisters facility following the restructuring.
# Roubaix–Huy

Roubaix–Huy was a road bicycle race held annually in Belgium and France, between Roubaix and Huy. It was first held in 1947 and held annually until 1956. It was a one-day race each year except for 1950 when there were two stages, first from Huy to Roubaix and Roubaix back to Huy the next day.

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider |
| 1947 | Belgium | Jean Engels |
| 1948 | Belgium | Désiré Keteleer |
| 1949 | Belgium | Julien Heernaert |
| 1950 | Belgium | Marcel Dupont |
| 1951 | Belgium | Marcel Hendrickx |
| 1952 | Belgium | Robert Vanderstockt |
| 1953 | Belgium | Karel De Baere |
| 1954 | Belgium | Rik Van Looy |
| 1955 | Belgium | René Vandewalle |
| 1956 | Belgium | Frans Gielen |
# September 2007 bombings in Rawalpindi

The 4 September 2007 Rawalpindi bombings refer to the incident on 4 September 2007 in which suicide bombers attacked a bus carrying Government workers in a commercial district of Rawalpindi. It is estimated to have killed 25 people and injured 68. Police increased security in the nearby Pakistani capital of Islamabad.

## Events

The bombs exploded after 7:20 am near the army General Headquarters and other top military sites. One attack was aimed at a Defence Ministry bus picking up army staff passengers and an explosives-laden motorcycle caused the second attack, near a market.

### Bus attack

At 7:20 am, the front of a bus carrying army staff passengers exploded, blowing off the vehicle's roof and destroying all but the rearmost seats. Although Interior Ministry spokesman Javed Iqbal Cheema referred to the attack as a suicide bombing, a local police officer stated the bomb might have been previously planted.

### Motorcycle

Approximately fifteen minutes after the first blast, a suicide bomber crashed a motorcycle into nearby vehicles, killing at least one colonel.

## Suspects

Preliminary investigations concerning the September 2007 bombings in Rawalpindi note that the Taliban figure Baitullah Mehsud is the primary suspect behind the attacks.
# Roskow

Roskow is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 1,341 | — |
| 1890 | 1,354 | +0.06% |
| 1910 | 1,440 | +0.31% |
| 1925 | 1,422 | −0.08% |
| 1933 | 1,256 | −1.54% |
| 1939 | 1,327 | +0.92% |
| 1946 | 2,056 | +6.45% |
| 1950 | 2,150 | +1.12% |
| 1964 | 1,547 | −2.32% |
| 1971 | 1,663 | +1.04% |
| 1981 | 1,385 | −1.81% |
| 1985 | 1,312 | −1.34% |
| 1989 | 1,314 | +0.04% |
| 1990 | 1,282 | −2.44% |
| 1991 | 1,281 | −0.08% |
| 1992 | 1,278 | −0.23% |
| 1993 | 1,250 | −2.19% |
| 1994 | 1,283 | +2.64% |
| 1995 | 1,265 | −1.40% |
| 1996 | 1,293 | +2.21% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1997 | 1,286 | −0.54% |
| 1998 | 1,282 | −0.31% |
| 1999 | 1,313 | +2.42% |
| 2000 | 1,325 | +0.91% |
| 2001 | 1,318 | −0.53% |
| 2002 | 1,297 | −1.59% |
| 2003 | 1,289 | −0.62% |
| 2004 | 1,304 | +1.16% |
| 2005 | 1,302 | −0.15% |
| 2006 | 1,298 | −0.31% |
| 2007 | 1,274 | −1.85% |
| 2008 | 1,243 | −2.43% |
| 2009 | 1,253 | +0.80% |
| 2010 | 1,233 | −1.60% |
| 2011 | 1,215 | −1.46% |
| 2012 | 1,217 | +0.16% |
| 2013 | 1,208 | −0.74% |
| 2014 | 1,191 | −1.41% |
| 2015 | 1,189 | −0.17% |
| 2016 | 1,188 | −0.08% |
# Metarbela laguna

Metarbela laguna is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Ghana.