OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ellen Wetherald Ahrens

Ellen Wetherald Ahrens (June 6, 1859 – October 31, 1935) was an American artist. Best known for her book illustrations, she was also a miniature painter and stained glass artist.

## Biography

Ahrens was born on June 6, 1859, in Baltimore, Maryland. She studied under Emil Otto Grundmann and Benjamin Champney at the Boston Museum of Fine Art, and also under Thomas Eakins at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and Howard Pyle at the Drexel Institute. Ahrens exhibited her work in national competitions. In 1884 she won the Second Toppan prize at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. In 1902 she won a silver medal at the Carnegie Institute. In 1904 she received a bronze medal at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.
For a time, at the turn of the century, Ahrens worked at the studio of the Red Rose Girls (Violet Oakley, Jessie Willcox Smith, and Elizabeth Shippen Green) in the Love Building in Philadelphia.
Ahrens' best-known book illustrations are for the 1902 edition of A Maid of Bar Harbor by Henrietta G. Rowe and the 1906 edition of Jo's Boys by Louisa May Alcott. Examples of her miniature painting are in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, including a 1902 portrait of Evelyn Nesbit. The Nasher Museum of Art owns a portrait of Eakins' sister. Ahrens was also known for her stained glass design.
Ahrens died on October 31, 1935, in Lansdowne, Pennsylvania.
# St. Charles Township, Winona County, Minnesota

St. Charles Township is a township in Winona County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 629 at the 2010 census. The township was organized in 1858, and named for Saint Charles Borromeo (1538–1584), an Italian saint and cardinal.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 32.3 square miles (83.7 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 610 people, 191 households and 158 families residing in the township. The population density was 18.9 per square mile (7.3/km$^2$). There were 198 housing units at an average density of 6.1/sq mi (2.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.52% White, 0.33% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.33% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31% of the population.
There were 191 households, of which 46.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.4% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.8% were non-families. 13.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.19 and the average family size was 3.57.
35.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.
The median household income was $51,250 and the median family income was $60,000. Males had a median income of $30,982 versus $26,023 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,209. About 9.9% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.
# Nolasc del Molar

Nolasc del Molar (el Molar; 1902 – 1983 in Barcelona) was the name of religion of the Catalan capuchin friar Daniel Rebull i Muntanyola. He entered in the Capuchin order in 1918 and he became a priest in 1926. He published several works about patristics, history and literature, and he made also important editions of ancient texts. He was collaborator of the Catalan Biblical Foundation and of the Bernat Metge Foundation. Many other works and translations of him were unpublished. His last years he signed with the name of Nolasc Rebull.

## Works

* Consueta del misteri de la gloriosa Santa Àgata (1953).(in Catalan)
* Consueta de Sant Eudald (1954).(in Catalan)
* Per les cançons d'un terrelloner (1956) (Compilation of popular songs that was published with a pseudonym).(in Catalan)
* Una poesia religiosa del segle XIII (1953-1957).(in Catalan)
* Eiximenis (1960).(in Catalan)
* Translation and comment of L'himne acatist a la Mare de Déu (1961).(in Catalan)
* Perfil espiritual de Eiximenis Article in Revista de Girona 22 (1963) (in Spanish)
* Procés d'un bruixot (1968).(in Catalan)
* La Llegenda àuria de Jaume de Voràgine segons un manuscrit de Vic (1975).(in Catalan)
# Wroughtonia brevicarinata

Wroughtonia brevicarinata is a species of parasitoid wasp native to the Guizhou and Yunnan provinces of China. The female body is 8.2 millimeters long, with 7.3 millimeter forewings. The ovipositor, when fully extended, measures 5.5 millimeters long. General coloration is black, however, the first tergite is yellow. The fore and mid legs are also yellow, while the hind pair are reddish-brown and whitish-yellow. The antennae are dark brown, with a whitish-yellow stripe between the 11th and 15th flagellomeres No males of the species have been observed to date. The species name is derived from Latin brevi, meaning "short" and carinata, the word for "carina". This literally means that the species has a short dorsal carinae as part of the first tergite.
# Hypercompe oslari

Hypercompe oslari is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1910. It is found from the extreme south of Texas south into Mexico.
# Sharron Quasius

Sharron Quasius (born 1948) is an American sculptor.
Quasius, from Sheboygan, Wisconsin, is best known for her appropriations of classic paintings, which she transforms into large, soft bas reliefs made of stuffed canvas. She was at one time married to the sculptor and restorer Don Howlett, with whom she worked on the restoration of the Wisconsin Concrete Park. Quasius is represented in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art by a terracotta relief of 1982, Washington Crossing the Delaware; another 1982 work, a reinterpretation of Watson and the Shark after John Singleton Copley, is held by the Vero Beach Museum of Art.
# The Venetian Affair

The Venetian Affair may refer to:
* The Venetian Affair, 1963 novel by Scottish-American author Helen MacInnes
* The Venetian Affair (film), 1967 American film
# The Principles of State and Government in Islam

The Principles of State and Government in Islam is a book written by Muhammad Asad. It was originally published in 1961 by University of California Press, and a revised edition was published in 1980 by Islamic Book Trust.

## Contents

* The Issues Before Us
* Terminology and Historical Precedent
* Government by Consent and Council
* Relationship Between Executive and Legislature
* The Citizens and The Government
* Conclusion
# Post Oak, Blanco County, Texas

Post Oak is an unincorporated community in Blanco County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 10 in 2000.

## History

The area in what is known as Post Oak today was first settled by Pinkney Hickson circa 1874. He donated two acres of land on which to build a cemetery. Fifteen families lived in the community in 1958, with an official population of 10 in 2000.

## Geography

Post Oak is located at the intersection of Farm to Market Roads 1320 and 2721 near Post Oak Creek, 8 mi (13 km) northwest of Johnson City in western Blanco County.

## Education

Pinkney Hickson donated a half-acre of land for a school to be built on. It joined the Johnson City Independent School District in the late 1930s. The community continues to be served by Johnson City ISD today.
# Nolletia

Nolletia is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Astereae within the family Asteraceae. The genus was named in honour of Jean-Antoine Nollet, French clergyman and physicist.

## Species

* Nolletia arenosa O.Hoffm.
* Nolletia chrysocomoides (Desf.) Cass.
* Nolletia ciliaris (DC.) Steetz
* Nolletia ericoides Merxm.
* Nolletia gariepina (DC.) Mattf.
* Nolletia rarifolia (Turcz.) Steetz
* Nolletia ruderalis Hilliard
* Nolletia tenuifolia Mattf.
* Nolletia zambesica R.E.Fr.

## formerly included

see Nicolasia
# Wroughton (disambiguation)

Wroughton is a village in Wiltshire, England.
Wroughton may also refer to:
* Philip Wroughton (1846–1910), English landowner and politician
* Philip Lavallin Wroughton (1933–2020), Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire, England
* Richard Wroughton (1748–1822), British actor
* Robert Charles Wroughton (1849–1921), naturalist, British India
* William Wroughton (c.1509–1559), English politician
# Hypercompe orbiculata

Hypercompe orbiculata is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Charles Oberthür in 1881. It is found in Brazil.
# Sharrona Pearl

Sharrona Pearl (May 3, 1977) is a Canadian-American historian and theorist of the face and writer who teaches at Drexel University.

## Background and education

She was raised in Toronto, Canada, and graduated from the Community Hebrew Academy of Toronto in 1995. She earned her bachelor’s of arts degree summa cum laude from York University in 1999, and was awarded her doctorate in the History of Science from Harvard University in 2006. She has studied abroad at both the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the University of Cambridge. Pearl has taught at Harvard University, MIT, The University of Pennsylvania, and Drexel University.

## Scholarship and Academic Career

Pearl has written several articles (both scholarly and popular) exploring the role of the face as a cultural object and the framework for human relationships and communication. She focuses on critical race, gender, sexuality, and disability studies to understand how we make sense of the faces of others and what that says about ourselves. Pearl’s research has been widely cited in the emerging field of face studies and in debates around the ethics of face transplant surgery, and she is regularly interviewed on the subject.
Pearl’s first book, About Faces: Physiognomy in Nineteenth-Century Britain, explored the history of physiognomy, the study of facial features and their relationship to character; when an interviewer asked her to read his face, Pearl quipped that if she studied the history of obstetrics, she would not be asked to deliver his baby. Her second book, Face/On: Face Transplants and the Ethics of the Other chronicled the history, ethics, and medical, bioethical, and journalistic debates around face transplant surgery. Pearl pointed out the role of the military in funding research on face transplants, and explored how television coverage of face transplant recipients followed the logic of makeover television. A review in Social History of Medicine called Face/On “a significant and timely book,” noting that “Pearl writes beautifully and polemically, with a genuine passion for her subject.”
Pearl has served as the Geddes W. Simpson Distinguished Lecturer at the University of Maine, and as the keynote speaker for the William A. Kern Conference in Visual Communication at Cal Tech, and as a visiting scholar at Johns Hopkins University. Pearl has received numerous grants and awards, including the Louis and Bessie Stein Family Fellowship in 2020 and a Rapid Response Grant to explore the racial resonances of masking during the pandemic.

## Freelance Writing

Pearl has written op-eds, essays, and commentary for the Washington Post, Tablet Magazine, Real Life Magazine, Aeon Magazine, Lilith Magazine, and numerous other publications.

## Religious Life

In addition to her research and writing on faces, Pearl writes regularly on Judaism, social justice, community life, and religious observance, including essays in Kveller, Lilith Magazine, Tablet Magazine, The Revealer, and elsewhere.

## Personal life

Pearl is married to Ben Knepler, the co-founder of True Places. They have 3 children and live in Philadelphia.
# Levi Lovering

Levi Lovering (1776-1857) was an American drummer and early rudimental drum manual author. His books helped bridge the gap between colonial British military drumming and post-revolutionary American drumming.

## Biography

Lovering was born in 1776 in Holliston, MA and was the son of Revolutionary War militia member Lieutenant Jesse Lovering and Marcie Jennings. He learned to play the drum from his father and cataloged 60 unique drum beatings between 1792 and 1805. He published this collection in a book called The Rule of the First Roll or Gamut for the Drum.
Lovering moved around between Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York during his adult life, rarely able to maintain steady work. He married Sally Eames in 1802. Lovering and many of his family members suffered from a form of muscular atrophy known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome that limited their ability to walk. They referred to it as the "Lovering Curse."
In 1819, Lovering published his most famous work, Drummer's Assistant or Art of Drumming Made Easy, with Philadelphia's Bacon & Co. It featured what he called a "mode of notes" that he claimed to have invented. It consisted of a set of two staves on which he notated the rhythms for the right and left hands independently. Despite his claim, the notation style is actually quite similar to that of George Robbins, Isaac Day, and other sources from the late 18th and early 19th century, though not likely directly stolen or infringed upon. It was simply the standard practice of the time. The book was issued in a second edition in 1823 by J.G. Klemm.
Lovering's books have been referred to as sloppy and full of errors, and since he did not play the fife nor refer to fife tunes in his works, the drum beatings are not directly correlated to any precise version of the tunes they are based upon. The books were useful tools, however, since they were intended for self-taught drummers and contain information on technique. Other sources in this era sometimes relied on prose descriptions of drum beatings, so notation of any kind was helpful.
Later in life, Lovering and his sister reportedly scammed the U.S. government for their father's pension, which they received some portion of in 1856. Lovering died in 1857 in Massachusetts at the age of 80.

## Publications

* The Rule of the First Roll or Gamut for the Drum
* Drummer's Assistant or Art of Drumming Made Easy
# Popular culture studies

Popular culture studies is the study of popular culture from a critical theory perspective combining communication studies and cultural studies. The first institution to offer bachelor's and master's degrees in Popular Culture is the Bowling Green State University Department of Popular Culture founded by Ray B. Browne.
# Rosefelo Siosi

Rosefelo Siosi (born 23 August 1996) is a Solomon Islands track and field athlete.
At the 2016 Summer Olympics he competed in the Men's 5000 m. He finished in 48th place in a personal best time after he crossed the finish line in 15:47.76.
Siosi received a huge crowd ovation at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham on 6 August, 2022 when he completed the 5,000m race alone, 4 minutes after event winner Jacob Kiplimo who was completing his lap of honour as Siosi continued to run his race. Comparisons were drawn with Eric Moussambani, nicknamed ‘Eric the Eel’ and ski jumper Eddie the Eagle who similarly captured the hearts of spectators with endeavour rather than achievement at major competitions. Siosi’s time in Birmingham of 17:28.93 was a seasons best for him. Following the race he said he hoped his nation would soon get a synthetic running track to help his training, and now his studies have finished he is aiming to run well at the 2023 Pacific Games before aiming for the Paris Olympics in 2024.
# St. Lawrence Anglican Cathedral Ambohimanoro

St. Lawrence Anglican Cathedral Ambohimanoro (also known as Saint Laurent in French and Malagasy) is an Anglican cathedral in Madagascar's capital of Antananarivo. Located in the upper part of the city, the cathedral was built on the hill of Ambohimanoro, near the Andohalo square, and has now been designated as a national heritage by the Malagasy government. It is one of the first permanent Anglican churches built on the island.

## History

During the reign of Ranavalona I Christians in Madagascar were persecuted and church building suppressed. However, in the succeeding monarchs' reigns, European influence grew and the suppression of Christians was relaxed, with many missionaries, most notably those belonging to the London Missionary Society being invited back in. A turning point in the history of Christianity in Madagascar happened when queen Ranavalona II who had been in part raised by European tutors converted to Christianity.
During this time period Anglican missionaries from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel were sent to Madagascar. Several years later the first Anglican bishop Kestell Kestell-Cornish was sent to Madagascar. He resided near Ambohimanoro where his congregation met in a small wooden church at Ambatomasina, near the cathedral's current location. Eventually he was given permission to build a permanent building. Assisted by the bishop, the first stone was laid in 1883 by then prime minister Rainilaiarivony. The church was designed by English architect William White and built by Norwegian Alfred Anker in the neo-Gothic style. Since its completion in 1889, several renovations have taken place, most notably the replacement of the stained glass windows that have been imported from England as well as the replacement of the roof tiles.
In October 2017 Princess Anne attended a Service of Thanksgiving to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Diplomatic relationship between Madagascar and the United Kingdom at the cathedral, alongside Madagascar president Hery Rajaonarimampianina during her visit to the country, making it the highest-ranked member of the British royal family to officially visit the location.

## Bishops

The following bishops have been seated at St. Lawrence Cathedral, as bishops of Madagascar until 1969 when the diocese was divided and the Cathedral became the seat of the bishop for the diocese of Antananarivo.
* 1874–1896 : Kestell Kestell-Cornish
* 1899–1919 : George Lanchester King
* 1919–1925 : George Kestell-Cornish
* 1926–1940 : Ronald O'Ferrall
* 1940–1950 : Gerald Richard Vernon
* 1952–1961 : Thomas Richards Parfitt
* 1961–1975 : Jean Marcel
* 1976–1984 : Ephraim Randrianovona
* 1984–2005 : Remi Joseph Rabenirina
* 2008–present : Samoela Jaona Ranarivelo
# Catwalk (film)

Catwalk is a 1995 American documentary film by Robert Leacock, following model Christy Turlington during Spring Fashion Week in Milan, Paris and New York City. Despite being filmed in 1993, it premiered in 1995.

## Synopsis

The film depicts model Christy Turlington and her friends Naomi Campbell, Yasmin Le Bon, Kate Moss, Helena Christensen, Gail Elliott and Carla Bruni as they jetted between Milan, Paris, and New York City during Spring 1994 Fashion Week. Turlington is featured walking in shows and attending fittings for Chanel, Versace, Dior, Giorgio Armani, Jean Paul Gaultier, Karl Lagerfeld, John Galliano, Anna Sui and finally Isaac Mizrahi. Between shows, Turlington is shown shooting a cover for W, socialising with her friends and attending a photo exhibition for Bruce Weber. In the final scene, Turlington is depicted being drawn by artist Francesco Clemente.
The film was shot in black and white and color and incorporated behind-the-scenes footage of many designers at work, including Lagerfeld, Valentino Garavani, Azzedine Alaia, a young John Galliano, and Gianni Versace four years before his death.

## Notable fashion icons

The film features appearances by many well-known and influential people in the fashion industry, including models, fashion photographers and designers.

### Designers

* John Galliano
* Valentino Garavani
* Jean-Paul Gaultier
* Isaac Mizrahi
* Karl Lagerfeld
* Giorgio Armani
* Azzedine Alaia
* Gianni Versace

### Models

* Helena Christensen
* Naomi Campbell
* Kate Moss
* Yasmin Le Bon
* Gail Elliott
* Cindy Crawford
* Carla Bruni
* Linda Evangelista
* Veronica Webb
* Sarah Murdoch
* Shalom Harlow
* Nadja Auermann
* Nikki Taylor
* Claudia Schiffer
* Yasmeen Ghauri
* Tatjana Patitz
* Stella Tennant

### Editors

* Anna Wintour
* Liz Tilberis
* André Leon Talley
* Polly Mellen

### Others

* Sharon Stone
* Peter Lindbergh
* Oribe
* Francesco Clemente
* Jaye Davidson
* Arthur Elgort
* RuPaul Charles
* Michael J. Fox

## Reception

The film received generally negative reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 29% based on reviews from 7 critics. In 1996, The New York Times gave Catwalk a negative review, opining "the film makes it clear that Ms. Turlington is used to being stared at by everyone around her. And these star-struck gazes eventually become more interesting than the model herself, since they reveal the aura of privilege that accompanies great beauty. Nothing Ms. Turlington says, no matter how vapid, is greeted with anything less than giddy admiration. So if she seems self-involved, no wonder."
# Thesaurus (disambiguation)

A thesaurus is a reference work that helps find words with similar meanings.
Thesaurus may also refer to:
* Thesaurus (information retrieval), a form of controlled vocabulary that seeks to dictate semantic manifestations of metadata in the indexing of content objects
* Thesaurus (radio transcription service), a syndication service that provided transcribed programs for use by radio stations
* Thesaurus (album), a 1969 album by Clare Fischer
# Haizi Reservoir

The Haizi Reservoir (Chinese: 海子水库), also named Jinhai Lake, is a large reservoir located in the east of Haizi Village in Jinhaihu District (formerly Hanzhuang Township), Pinggu District, Beijing, intercepting the Ju River. It is the fourth largest reservoir in Beijing, and is a Class II water source along with the Miyun Reservoir.
It is called "Haizi Reservoir" because it is located in the south of Dajin Mountain and the north of Haizi Village. In 1988, the Reservoir was renamed "Jinhai Lake" and is still in use today.

## History

Haizi Reservoir started construction on 18 November 1959 and was completed in July 1960 with a total storage capacity of 18.5 million cubic meters, which was expanded in 1968 and 1974 and completed on June 8, 1983.
The reservoir was designed by the Beijing Municipal Design Institute (北京市市政设计院), and the Pinggu County Revolutionary Committee established a project headquarters to organize the construction of migrant workers.