OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sir Archibald Hamilton, 5th Baronet

Sir Charles Edward Archibald Watkin Hamilton, 5th and 3rd Baronet (10 December 1876 – 18 March 1939), known from 1923 as Sir Abdullah Hamilton, was a British aristocrat and convert to Islam.
He was the son of Sir Edward Archibald Hamilton, 4th Baronet of Trebishun, Breconshire and 2nd Baronet of Marlborough House, Hampshire (1843–1915) and his wife Mary Elizabeth Gill. He inherited both baronetcies upon the death of his father in 1915. He was also a descendant of William Hamilton, one of the five Kentish Petitioners of 1701, great-grandson of Admiral Sir Edward Joseph Hamilton, 1st Baronet Hamilton of Marlborough House, direct descendant of the Duke of Abercorn and also Lord Hamilton who married Princess Mary Stewart of Scotland, daughter of James II of Scotland. He served as a Lieutenant in the Royal Defence Corps and was at one time President of the Selsey (Sussex) Conservative Association, and also later a member of Sir Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists for a brief period during the 1930s.

## Marriages and children

He was married three times and twice divorced.

### Olga FitzGeorge

Sir Archibald married Olga Mary Adelaide FitzGeorge, daughter of Rear-Admiral Sir Adolphus FitzGeorge KCVO and Sophia Jane Holden, granddaughter of the Duke of Cambridge and first cousin to Queen Victoria on 18 December 1897 in London. The marriage resulted in two children, George Edward Archibald Augustus FitzGeorge Hamilton (30 December 1898 – 18 May 1918) whose baptism was attended by Queen Mary and King George V who along with the Duke of Cambridge were pledged to be his godparents. He was killed in action in May 1918. They had one unnamed daughter (b. 5 May 1902 – d. 5 May 1902). They divorced in 1902.

### Algorta Child

In November 1906, he married secondly Algorta Marjory Blanche Child, the daughter of George Child, of Widford, Hertfordshire, but she divorced him in 1915.

### Lilian Austen

In 1927, Sir Archibald married Lilian Maud (b. 1880 – d. 1964), daughter of William Austen, of Sydenham, Kent. Lady Hamilton also converted to Islam, taking the name Miriam.

## Conversion to Islam

Sir Archibald converted to Islam on 20 December 1923. He noted that "...the beauty and the simple purity of Islam have always appealed to me. I could never, though born and brought up as a Christian, believe in the dogmatic aspect of the Church... I found that both the Church of Rome and the Church of England were of no real use to me" and that having converted to Islam he felt "a better and truer man".

## Death

He died on 18 March 1939 at the age of 62, and is buried at the Brookwood Cemetery alongside Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley, they having been "great friends in life" and "close comrades-in-arms in the cause of Islam".
# San Salvo Marina

San Salvo Marina is a frazione of San Salvo, located in the Province of Chieti - Abruzzo region of Italy.
42°04′48″N 14°44′39″E﻿ / ﻿42.08000°N 14.74417°E﻿ / 42.08000; 14.74417
* This Abruzzo location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ezóla

Ezóla is a Japanese animation brand used as a collective name by Diomedéa and Studio Blanc starting in 2018. The two studios co-produced My Girlfriend Is Shobitch in 2017 prior to the creation of the "Ezóla" brand.

## Works
### Television series

| Year | Title | Director(s) | Animation producer(s) | Source | Eps. |
| 2018 | Happy Sugar Life | Keizō Kusakawa (Chief) Nobuyoshi Nagayama | Takeshi Eriguchi | Manga | 12 |
| 2019 | Are You Lost? | Nobuyoshi Nagayama | Takeshi Eriguchi | Manga | 12 |
| 2020 | Smile Down the Runway | Nobuyoshi Nagayama | Takeshi Eriguchi | Manga | 12 |
# Pyrenulaceae

The Pyrenulaceae are a family of mostly lichenized fungi in the order Pyrenulales. The family was circumscribed by the German botanist Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst in 1870. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in the tropics, where they grow with green algae on bark.

## Genera

As of March 2024, the following genera are assigned to the family.
* Acrocordiella O.E.Erikss. (1982)
* Anthracothecium Hampe ex A.Massal. (1860)
* Blastodesmia A.Massal. (1852)
* Clypeopyrenis Aptroot (1991)
* Daruvedia Dennis (1988)
* Distopyrenis Aptroot (1991)
* Granulopyrenis Aptroot (1991)
* Lacrymospora Aptroot (1991)
* Lithothelium Müll.Arg. (1885)
* Mazaediothecium Aptroot (1991)
* Micromma A.Massal. (1860)
* Parapyrenis Aptroot (1991)
* Pyrenographa Aptroot (1991)
* Pyrenowilmsia R.C.Harris & Aptroot (1991)
* Pyrenula Ach. (1814)
* Pyrgillus Nyl. (1858)
* Serusiauxia Ertz & Diederich (2020)
* Sulcopyrenula H.Harada (1999)
# Pyrenula sanguinea

Pyrenula sanguinea is a rare species of lichen belonging to the family Pyrenulaceae. This species is characterized its bright red, prominent to sessile growths on tree bark in the rainforests of Rondônia, Brazil. What makes Pyrenula sanguinea unique are its trypethelioid ascomata—structures housing the reproductive spores—that are fused together, and its brown ascospores (spores) surrounded by a thick, gelatinous sheath with distinctive horn-like appendages.

## Taxonomy

Pyrenula sanguinea was formally described in 2013 by the lichenologists Marcela Cáceres, André Aptroot, and Robert Lücking. The name sanguinea, meaning "blood-red", refers to the striking red colour of its pseudostromata, the tissue surrounding the ascomata. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Pyrenula sanguinea is closely related to Pyrenula cruenta, another species known for its bright red pigment, though they differ significantly in morphology and chemistry.

## Description

The lichen features a crust-like, somewhat shiny thallus (the main lichen body) that is pale yellowish-brown, often tinged red. It grows as a flat, crusty layer on tree bark. The ascomata, or spore-producing structures, are pear-shaped and grouped together within the red pseudostromata without forming a visible outer layer. These ascomata are unique for their partly fused walls and separate, apical openings visible as black dots. The ascospores are initially transparent but soon turn brown, with three septa (divisions) and distinctive, gelatinous appendages at both ends that dissolve in a specific chemical solution.
Several features characterise the morphology of this species. The pseudostromata are bright red, varying in shape, contributing to the lichen's distinctive appearance. The ascomata are immersed in pseudostromata, with fused outer walls, unique among lichens for resembling those found in genus Trypethelium. Ascospores of the species are brown, with a reduced endospore formation, and bearing long, horn-like appendages.

## Chemistry

The lichen's chemistry is complex, with six identified anthraquinone pigments, including haematommone. These substances, responsible for the lichen's colouration, do not evaporate upon application of a potassium hydroxide solution (K+), showing a purple reaction. This chemical makeup is significant for distinguishing Pyrenula sanguinea from other lichens with similar red pigments but different chemical reactions.

## Habitat and distribution

This species is found on the smooth bark of trees within the primary rainforest of the Cuniã rain forest reserve in Amazonian Rondônia, Brazil. Its discovery at this single location suggests it may be endemic to this region, thriving in the humid, tropical environment.
# Sandholm

Sandholm is an estate in the parish of Blovstrød, Allerød Municipality some 30 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark.

## History

The Sandholm estate traces its history back to 1653 when Captain Christian Vendelboe constructed a house at the site. He served at Slotsholmen during the Assault on Copenhagen on 19–11 February 1769 and died in the first half of 1660. Sandholm was then passed on to his brother, brother, Markus Vendelbo, who was a captain in the same regiment. He was shortly thereafter sentenced to death by sword by a court martial but pardoned on condition that he left the country never to return. In 1661, Sandholm was ceded to Lorenz Tuxen, Bailiff of Hørsholm County. In 1680, Queen Downer Sophie Amalie granted Sandholm to her bodyguard Casper Eberhard Meyer with freedom from all taxes. When Meyer was sent to Lolland to serve as game master (vildtmester), following Sophie Amalie's death, he obtained royal permission to sell Sandholm. The estate was in 1696 acquired by Søster Svane, Bishop Hans Bagger's widow, who owned in until 1698. Later owners included rittmeister Mathias Mohr and Supreme Court attorney Bertel Bjørnsen who sold it in 1708 for 3,000 Danish rigsdaler to king Frederick IV.
In 1743, the king ceded Sandholm to royal architect Lauritz de Thurah and his wife Anna Rosenørn for life. De Thurah replaced the main building with a new house and improved one of the other buildings in 1749. He also redesigned the gardens and park and praised the environs for their beauty but when his wife died the following year he chose to rent out the house to the historian and book collector Henrik Hielmstierne.
In 1761, Sandholm was sold at public auction to Queen Sophie Magdalene's court pastor Johan Andreas Cramer, He was an enthusiastic farmer and the first in the area to grow potatoes. Cramer sold the property in 1771 and it then changed hands many times. The courtier Vilhelm Henrik Harbou owned it from 1816 to 1823.
The house was destroyed in a fire in 1834 but was later rebuilt. The military Sandholm Camp was established close to the house in 1910–12 and the Ministry of Defence acquired the house and gardens in 1949. It was subsequently used by the Royal Danish Life Guards.
# Sirudavoor Lake

* This Kanchipuram district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
Sirudavoor Lake is an inland lake with wetlands in the Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu state, in eastern South India. This lake is on the Coromandel Coast, near the Bay of Bengal. It lies approximately 51 kilometres (32 mi) south of Chennai city. The lake is home to a number of bird species. During winter, several migratory species can be spotted.

## Ecology

Sirudavoor Lake is a rain-fed fresh water lake used for irrigation and fishing. The habitat consists of a freshwater lake system, open grassland, sparse dry scrub and reed beds. It is known for fresh water ducks such as Eurasian wigeon and cotton pygmy goose. Over 110 resident and migratory bird species have been recorded so far, with 84 being counted in the Asian Waterbird Census in January 2020. Both red-wattled lapwing and yellow-wattled lapwing are seen in close proximity.
Some of the resident bird species include little green bee-eater, pied bushchat, ashy-crowned sparrow-lark, paddyfield pipit, yellow-wattled lapwing, red-wattled lapwing, Indian pond heron, egret, Indian courser, common kingfisher, pied kingfisher, white-breasted kingfisher, little ringed plover, red-rumped swallow, shikra, white-eyed buzzard, red-necked falcon, short-toed snake-eagle, baya weaver, zitting cisticola, plain prinia, ashy prinia and Indian roller.
During winter months blue-tailed bee-eater, common kestrel, yellow wagtail, barn swallow, glossy ibis, black-headed ibis, Eurasian spoonbill, painted stork, openbill stork, booted eagle, Oriental pratincole, common sandpiper, wood sandpiper and greenshank can be spotted.
Highlights: Indian courser are recorded to breed here. Uncommon raptors such as red-necked falcon and short-toed snake-eagle can also be spotted.

## Locality

The village of Sirudavoor is situated on the north-east boundary of the lake. In 2011, the village had a population of 2,309, with a female ratio of 983.7/1,000 males. It lies approximately 51 kilometres (32 mi) south of Chennai city.

## Gallery
### Lake and Environs

* Looking south across the lake, Jan '21
* Marshy edges of Sirudavoor Lake, Jan '21
* Electric lines crossing Sirudavoor Lake
* Fishing boat, Jan '21
* Paddy fields on SE of lake,Jan '21
* Foot path along SE of lake
* Highway towards Chennai, Jan '21

### Resident Birds

* Red-wattled lapwing, Jan '21
* Little Ringed Plover, Dec '20
* Egret, Jan '21
* Indian pond heron, Jan '21
* Pied kingfishers, Jan '21
* White-throated kingfisher, Jan '21
* Paddy-field pipit, Dec '20

### Winter Visitors

* Oriental pratincole
* Blue-tailed bee-eater, Jan '21
# Sirugudal

Sirugudal is a village located in the Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu, India.
# Sir Oswald Mosley, 2nd Baronet, of Ancoats

Sir Oswald Mosley, 2nd Baronet (27 March 1785 – 24 May 1871), was an English aristocrat, politician, historian and naturalist. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for several constituencies, authored several works in the aforementioned subjects and was High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1814. A prominent Staffordshire landowner, he succeeded as the 2nd Baronet Mosley, of Ancoats, in 1798.

## Family

He was the son of Oswald Mosley (17 March 1761 – 27 July 1789), son of John Mosley (1732–1798), created 1st Baronet Mosley, of Ancoats, in the Baronetage of Great Britain, on 8 June 1781, and his wife Elizabeth Bayley (died 1797), daughter of James Bayley (1705–1769) and Anne Peploe (1702–1769), daughter of Samuel Peploe. John Mosley was the son of Nicholas Mosley (died 1734) and Elizabeth Parker. He had four aunts.
Mosley's family were prosperous landowners in Staffordshire. The family seat was at Rolleston Hall, near Burton upon Trent and he succeeded to the title of 2nd Baronet Mosley, of Ancoats, on 29 September 1798. His uncle Ashton Nicholas Mosley married his mother-in-law Mary Morley and had issue, who succeeded in the House.

## Career

Educated at Rugby School, he then attended the University of Oxford where he graduated as a Doctor of Civil Law.
He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Portarlington 1806–1807, Winchelsea 1807–1812, Midhurst 1817–1818 and Staffordshire North 1832–1837. He was High Sheriff of Staffordshire 1814. He was appointed Fellow, Geological Society of London.
He wrote a number of local and natural history books, including History of the Castle, Priory and Town of Tutbury (1832), Gleanings in Horticulture (1851) and Natural History of Tutbury (1863). He also published Family Memoirs (1849), which was essentially a history of the Mosley family.

## Marriage and children

He married, on 31 January 1804, Sophia Annie Every (died 8 June 1859), daughter of Sir Edward Every, 8th Baronet, of Eggington, and Mary Morley (who married for a fourth time to Ashton Nicholas Mosley). Sophia was the sister of Henry Every who married his aunt Penelope Mosley. They had 12 children:
* Oswald Mosley (2 December 1804 – 25 September 1856), died without issue
* Sophia Anne Mosley (15 October 1806 – 29 April 1880), died unmarried
* Emily Mosley (8 February 1808 – 25 December 1880)
* Sarah Elizabeth Mosley (8 February 1808 – January 1826)
* Frances Mosley (24 August 1810 – 20 May 1881), married James Heath Leigh of Belmont Hall and had issue
* Sir Tonman Mosley, 3rd Baronet (9 July 1813 – 28 April 1890), who succeeded to the title of Baronet Mosley, of Ancoats
* Mary Anne Mosley (c. 1816 – 20 December 1890), married Major William Fawkener Chetwynd of Brockton Hall, Staffordshire and had issue
* Penelope Mosley (9 November 1816 – 28 August 1833)
* Caroline Mosley (27 July 1818 – 6 May 1862)
* Octavia Mosley (14 February 1820 – 1883)
* Ernald Mosley (13 August 1821 – 23 January 1837)
* Letitia Mosley (27 May 1826 – c. 1863)
# Puzha

Puzha may refer to these Indian films:
* Puzha (film), a 1980 Malayalam film directed by Jeassy
* Padunna Puzha, a 1968 Malayalam film directed by M. Krishnan Nair
# Põikma

Põikma is a village in Kohila Parish, Rapla County in northwestern Estonia.

## Notable people

* Madde Kalda (1903–1984), writer, born in Põikma
# Sandy (log canoe)

The Sandy is a Chesapeake Bay log canoe. She is a 28'-11⁄4" long sailing log canoe with two masts and a racing rig. Log-built, with carvel-fitted rising planks, the boat has a beam of 6'-81⁄4". She is one of the last 22 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay racing log canoes, carrying on a tradition of racing on the Eastern Shore of Maryland that has existed since the 1840s. She is located at Sherwood, Talbot County, Maryland.
She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Sangiang

Sangiang is an island midway in the Sunda Strait between the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java. Administratively it is a part of Banten province of western Java. One current design for the ambitious Sunda Strait Bridge allows for part of the bridge to be built crossing the island. It is uninhabited due to its status as a nature preserve.
Colonial Dutch authorities called the island Dwars-in-den-weg ('Thwart-the-Way'; 'In the Way').
# Sinadoxa

Sinadoxa corydalifolia is the only species in the monotypic plant genus Sinadoxa, in the family Adoxaceae. It is endemic to the Hengduan Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau in China.
It is a perennial herb growing from a fibrous root system with rhizomes. It produces one to four upright, green stems up to 25 centimeters tall and just a few millimeters wide. The basal leaves are pinnate, made up of leaflets which may be lobed or subdivided. There is usually one opposite pair of leaves higher on the stem, each with three leaflets. The inflorescence is a spike with interrupted clusters of 3 to 5 small, yellow-green to yellow-brown flowers. Flowering occurs in June and July.
# Pyrophobia

Pyrophobia is a fear of fire, which can be considered irrational if beyond what is considered normal. This phobia is ancient and primordial, perhaps since humanity's discovery of fire. Usually pertaining to humans' comprehensible reaction to fire itself, the fear of fire by other animals cannot be considered pyrophobic, as they are thought not to understand its purpose beyond general danger.

## Signs and symptoms

When witnessing fire or smoke (even if the fire poses no threat, such as a candle), suspecting a fire is nearby, or (in some cases) visualizing fires, pyrophobes exhibit typical psychological and physiological symptoms of fear and panic: acute stress, fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, tightness in chest, sweating, nausea, shaking or trembling, dry mouth, needing to go to the bathroom, dizziness and/or fainting. A pyrophobe may also attempt to avoid or flee from fires, and avoid situations where harmless fire may be present (such as a barbecue or a campfire). The severity of pyrophobia can range from inconvenient to disturbing a person's daily functioning.

## Causes

The most common cause of pyrophobia is that fire poses a potential threat to life safety (which is identical in animals). However, people who are intensely pyrophobic cannot even get close to or tolerate even a small controlled fire, such as fireplace, bonfire or lit candle. In many cases a bad childhood experience with fire may have triggered the condition.

## Treatment

Exposure therapy is the most common way to treat pyrophobia. This method involves showing patients fires in order of increasing size, from a lit cigarette up to a stove or grill flame.
Another method of treatment is talk therapy, in which a patient tells a therapist about the cause of this fear. This can calm the patient to make them less afraid of controlled fire.
People can relieve pyrophobia by interacting with other pyrophobes to share their experiences that caused fear. Alternatively, pyrophobia can be treated using hypnosis.
Medication can also be used to treat pyrophobic people, although since it has side effects, the method is not highly recommended.
# Qawm

Qawm is a basic social unit of Afghanistan that is based on kinship, residence, or occupation. It is sometimes translated as "tribe", but the qawm relationship may cross tribal or even ethnic boundaries.
The protean word qawm is of Arabic origin, and is used in Afghanistan to refer to any form of solidarity. Afghans identify themselves by qawm, rather than by tribe or nationality. Qawm identity has added to the challenge of creating a national identity in Afghanistan. A qawm is typically governed by a jirga or shura (a council or assembly of elder males).

## Islamic background of the term

According to Youshaa Patel, in the Muslim world Qawm is a heterogeneous term denoting network of social relationships representing a people, nation, community or group. It is one of Arabic terms used to collectively refer to Muslims alongside umma, milla, dīn, qabīla, jamāʿa, and shaʿb. In the Quran, it often has ethno-national, moral, and religious connotations, such as in the "qawm of Noah," "corrupt qawm," and "qawm of unbelievers."
# Sandfield Cemetery

Sandfield Cemetery may refer to:
* Sandfield Cemetery (Columbus, Mississippi), African-American cemetery founded in the late 19th-century.
* Sandfield Cemetery (Richland County, South Carolina), Baptist cemetery founded c. 1772.
# Qandahari

Qandahari is a village in Baghlan Province in north eastern Afghanistan.
# FGC 254 Series

The 254 Series is a meter gauge freight diesel locomotive built for Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC).
Three locomotives were built in 1990 by Meinfesa, at the same time as the RENFE Class 319.2 with which it shares a similar external appearance, as well as both having GM-EMD engines and transmissions.
The locomotive is used for potash and salt trains, and occasional special historical passenger trains, on the Llobregat–Anoia Line.
# Sandra Roper

Sandra Elena Roper (born c. December 29, 1956) is an American civil rights lawyer, who had an unsuccessful candidacy for district attorney in Brooklyn, New York against former King's County district attorney Charles J. Haynes, in 2001 before making a successful run for judge in 2017. She is currently an active civil court judge in Kings County, New York. She has served in criminal court and civil court.
# Santa Leonor District

Santa Leonor District is one of twelve districts of the province Huaura in Peru.

## Geography

Some of the highest mountains of the district are listed below:
| Anta Ñawin Chuchun Chunta Chururu Chururuyuq Mankha Ukru Muruqucha | Pari Chuku Puka Tampu Qawi Wamanripa Yana Uqhu Yuraq Allpa |