# Roger Eatwell

Roger Eatwell is a British academic currently an Emeritus Professor of Politics at the University of Bath.
Since the late 1970s, Eatwell has engaged in research in fascism and populism. He defines fascism as a syncretic ideology, which could attract both the masses and intellectuals in some countries, and lead elites to think they could use radical fascism. It centered on three tropes: the need to create a holistic nation which transcended divisions; to forge a New Man elite and people fervently committed to this nation, and to build an authoritarian third way state (neither communist nor capitalist). Eatwell has sought to distinguish fascism from both historic and contemporary populism, which he sees as based on a very different three tropes: the need to respond to the popular will; a defence of the plain people (similar to the German Volk); and a critique of self-serving liberal economic and political elites.
In his most recent book on national populism, considerable emphasis is placed on four long run factors which are termed the "4Ds": growing distrust of political elites in liberal democracies; growing fears about the destruction of national and local communities; growing concerns about relative deprivation and fears for the future; and growing dealignment from mainstream parties. Although Eatwell's work on contemporary politics mainly focuses on parties which (unlike historic fascism) eschew violence, he has also written about the potential for "cumulative extremism", namely where one form of violence sparks off another in a dangerous spiral—a train likely to grow if the current populist wave fades, leaving many even angrier.

## Series editorships

* Founder and Academic Editor of Themes in Right-wing Ideology and Politics, Pinter Publishers, London, 1989–1994
* Co-Founder and Academic Editor (with Cas Mudde) of Extremism and Democracy, Routledge, London, 1999–2019. At the time of standing down as the co-editor of the series on the 20th anniversary of its founding, 65 books had appeared or were under contract.

## Selected bibliography

Books:
* Eatwell, Roger; O'Sullivan, Noel (1989). The Nature of the Right: American and European Politics and Political Thought Since 1789. Themes in Right-wing Ideology and Politics Series. London: Pinter Publishers. ISBN 9780861879342.
* Eatwell, Roger (1997). European Political Cultures: Conflict or Convergence?. London: Routledge. ISBN 1280319631.
* Eatwell, Roger; Wright, Anthony (1999). Contemporary Political Ideologies. London: Pinter Publishers. ISBN 9781855676060.
* Eatwell, Roger (1999). Fascismo Verso Un Modello Generale. Rome: Antonio Pellicani. ISBN 9787106546564.
* Eatwell, Roger (2003). Fascism: A History. London: Pimlico. ISBN 9781844130900.
* Eatwell, Roger; Mudde, Cas (2004). Western Democracies and the New Extreme Right Challenge. Routledge Studies in Extremism and Democracy Series. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415369718.
* Costa Pinto, Antonio; Eatwell, Roger; Larsen, Stein Ugelvik (2006). Charisma and Fascism in Interwar Europe. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415419833.
* Eatwell, Roger; Goodwin, Matthew (2010). The New Extremism in 21st Century Britain. Routledge Studies in Extremism and Democracy Series. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780203859612.
* Eatwell, Roger; Goodwin, Matthew (2018). National Populism: The Revolt Against Liberal Democracy. London: Pelican. ISBN 9780241312001. A 2018 Sunday Times book of the year.
Other Works:
* Eatwell, Roger (1982). "Chapter 4: Poujadism and Neo-Poujadism: From Revolt to Reconciliation". In Cerny, Philip G. (ed.). Social Movements and Protest in France. Pinter Publishers. pp. 70–93. ISBN 0861872142.
* Eatwell, Roger (1988). "Plus Ca Change?: The French Presidential and National Assembly Elections". The Political Quarterly. 77 (2): 462–472. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.1988.tb01229.x.
* Eatwell, Roger (1992). "Towards a New Model of Generic Fascism". The Political Quarterly. 59 (4): 161–194.
* Eatwell, Roger (1998). "The Dynamics of Right-Wing Electoral Breakthrough". Patterns of Prejudice. 32 (3): 3–31. doi:10.1080/0031322x.1998.9970263.
* Eatwell, Roger (2000). "The Rebirth of the 'Extreme Right' in Western Europe". Parliamentary Affairs. 53 (3): 407–425. doi:10.1093/pa/53.3.407.
* Eatwell, Roger (2002). "The Rebirth of Right-Wing Charisma? The Cases of Jean-Marie Le Pen and Vladimir Zhirinovsky". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 3 (3): 1–23. doi:10.1080/714005489. S2CID 145632906.
* Eatwell, Roger (2003). "Reflections on Fascism and Religion". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 4 (3): 145–166. doi:10.1080/14690760412331329991. S2CID 143810776.
* Eatwell, Roger (2003). "Chapter 2: Ten Theories of the Extreme Right". In Merkl, Peter H.; Weinberg, Leonard (eds.). Right-Wing Extremism in the Twenty-First Century. Cass. pp. 47-73. ISBN 9780714651828.
* Eatwell, Roger (2006). "Community Cohesion and Cumulative Extremism in Contemporary Britain". The Political Quarterly. 77 (2): 204–216. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923x.2006.00763.x.
* Eatwell, Roger (2010). "Chapter 6: The Nature of 'Generic Fascism': the 'Fascist Minimum' and the 'Fascist Matrix'". In Iordachi, Constantin (ed.). Comparative Fascist Studies: New Perspectives. Routledge. pp. 134-161. ISBN 9780415462228.
* Eatwell, Roger (2011). "Chapter 7: Ideology, Propaganda, Violence and the Rise of Fascism". In Costa Pinto, Antonio (ed.). Rethinking the Nature of Fascism. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 165-185. ISBN 9780230272958.
* Eatwell, Roger (2013). "Chapter 26: Fascism". In Freeden, Michael; Sargent, Lyman Tower; Stears, Marc (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. Oxford University Press. pp. 474–492. ISBN 9780199585977.
* Eatwell, Roger (2013). "Chapter 29: Fascism and Racism". In Breuilly, John (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism. Oxford University Press. pp. 573–591. ISBN 9780199209194.
* Eatwell, Roger (2014). "Chapter 3: The Nature of 'Generic Fascism': Complexity and Reflexive Hybridity". In Costa Pinto, Antonio; Kallis, Aristotle (eds.). Rethinking Fascism and Dictatorship in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 67–86. ISBN 9781137384409.
* Eatwell, Roger (2017). "Chapter 19: Populism and Fascism". In Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristobal; Taggart, Paul; Ochoa Espejo, Paulina; Ostiguy, Pierre (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Populism. Oxford University Press. pp. 363–383. ISBN 9780198803560.
* Eatwell, Roger (2018). "Chapter 13: Charisma and the Radical Right". In Rydgren, Jens (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. Oxford University Press. pp. 251–268. ISBN 9780190274559.