OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Günther van Well

Güenther Wilhelm van Well (15 October 1922 – 14 August 1993) was a German diplomat, Secretary of State from 1977 to 1981, and West German Ambassador to the United States from 1984 to 1987.

## Career

In the early seventies, as Assistant Secretary and Assistant Secretary in the Foreign Office, he was in the development of rapprochement with the GDR, as well as the four-power agreement. As Acting Secretary of State, he was appointed by then-foreign minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher, as his personal representative for disaster prevention.
Following his work as secretary of state, he was Ambassador and Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic of Germany to the United Nations. After that, he served as German ambassador in Washington, DC.
As a retired ambassador, he engaged as a participant in the "Bergedorf Round Table" of the Körber Foundation, among many other celebrities for an understanding of international problems and issues, as well as Executive Vice President of the German Council on Foreign Relations, Bonn.

## Publications

* "Die Entwicklung der gemeinsamen Nahostpolitik der Neun", in: Europa Archiv, 4/1976;
* "Teilnahme Berlins am internationalen Geschehen – ein dringender Punkt auf der Ost-West- Tagesordnung", in: Europa Archiv, 20/1976;
* "Belgrad 1977. Das KSZE-Folgetreffen und seine Bedeutung für den Entspannungsprozeß", in: Europa Archiv, 18/1977;
* "Politische Aspekte des Strukturwandels der Weltwirtschaft", in: Europa Archiv, 3/1979;
* "Wandel in Europa und die beiden deutschen Staaten", in: Europa-Archiv; 19/1989, S. 569–576;
* Auf der Suche nach der Gestalt Europas. Festschrift für Wolfgang Wagner zum 65. Geburtstag am 23. August 1990 (Mitherausgeber Jochen Thies);
* "Deutschland und die UN", in: Rüdiger Wolfrum (Hrsg.), Handbuch Vereinte Nationen, München 1991², S. 71 – 77;
* "Der Auswärtige Dienst in einer Zeit des Wandels", in: Europa Archiv, 10/1992, S. 269–278 und 14/1992, S. 391–396;
* "Die Vereinten Nationen als Friedensstifter: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Weltorganisation", in: Die Vereinten Nationen und Österreich, 1/1993, 7 – 11.
# Scientia (Italian journal)

Scientia was an Italian multi-disciplinary scientific journal founded in 1907 by Federigo Enriques and Eugenio Rignano and published by Zanichelli in Bologna with co-publication in England, France, and Germany. The journal's title was originally Rivista di Scientia; the title was simplified to Scientia in 1910, and the original title was carried as a subtitle. The journal thrived in the interwar years 1919–1939 and published articles by many famed scientists, philosophers, and mathematicians including Émile Durkheim and the Nobel prizewinners Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg and Louis de Broglie. The journal folded in 1988.
In 2013 a second journal, Scientia (International Review of Scientific Synthesis) was founded in the spirit of the first; the editors write, "Scientia (International Review of Scientific Synthesis) intends to be a tribute to the historical journal, with the same title and the subtitle Rivista di Scienza (that means Review of Science in Italian), printed from 1907 to 1988. The old journal used to publish articles on every area of science, was multilingual and well known at an international level."
The journal is held in the collections of many libraries. Page images for all issues have been posted online by the University of Bologna. Issues through 1925 are also accessible online through links maintained by the HathiTrust. The contents of all issues are posted by PhilPapers.
# Printemps (disambiguation)

Printemps (pronounced; meaning "spring" (springtime) in French) may refer to:
* Printemps, a French chain of department stores
* Printemps (album), a 1998 mandopop album by Leslie Cheung
* Printemps (ballet), a 1972 U.S. ballet by Lorca Massine
* Printemps (composition), an 1887 symphony by Claude Debussy
* Printemps (song), a 2004 electronica song by Helium Viola, from the album Liod
* Le Printemps (The Return of Spring), an 1886 painting by William-Adolphe Bouguereau
* Le Printemps (Spring), an 1881 painting by Édouard Manet, see List of paintings by Édouard Manet
* Grand Prix du Printemps (Spring grand prix race), a horse race in France
* Coupe du Printemps (Spring Cup), a figure skating competition in Luxembourg
* Yvonne Printemps (1894-1977) a French singer-actress
* Printemps, a sub-unit of μ’s, from the Love Live! franchise
# The Nine Realms

The Nine Realms may refer to:
* DreamWorks Dragons: The Nine Realms, an American animated television series in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise
* The Níu Heimar ("Nine Worlds") of Norse cosmology
# Sebastiania echinocarpa

Sebastiania echinocarpa is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described in 1874. It is native to Bahia, Brazil.
# It's a Tensta Thing

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Dagens Nyheter | |
| Svenska Dagbladet | |
| Helsingborgs Dagblad | |
It's a Tensta thing is Swedish rapper Adam Tensta's debut studio album, released on 30 November 2007. The album won the 2008 Hip Hop / Soul of the Year Grammis (Swedish grammy) and was nominated for a 2008 P3 Guld award.
Adam Tensta's song, "My Cool", appeared on the soundtracks for the skateboarding video game, Tony Hawk: Ride and the basketball video game, NBA 2K10.

## Track listing

* "It's a Tensta Thing"
* "Bangin' On the System"
* "My Cool"
* "Walk With Me"
* "Dopeboy" (feat. Eboi)
* "See U Watchin" (feat. Nitti Gritti)
* "Do the Right Thing"
* "They Wanna Know"
* "I'm Sayin'" (feat. Isay)
* "80's Baby"
* "S.t.o.l.d." (feat. Eboi)
* "Incredible" (feat. Isay)
* "Before U Know It"
* "Same Face"

## Singles

* "Before U Know It"
* "They Wanna Know"
* "My Cool"
* "Bangin' On the System"
* "Dopeboy"

## Charts

| Chart (2007-2008) | Peak position |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 45 |
# Guyland

Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men (ISBN 978-0-06-083134-9) is a book by Michael Kimmel, published in 2008. The book covers the culture for young men transitioning from adolescence to adulthood.
Kimmel interviewed 400 men aged 16 to 26 and identified a trend whereby young men increasingly delay adulthood. Kimmel notes that, in 1960, almost 70% of American men had by the age of 30 left home, completed their educations, found a partner and started work. By comparison, today less than a third of men reach these milestones before their thirties. Kimmel writes that young men are reluctant to grow up because they "see grown-up life as such a loss". In order to avoid the responsibilities of adulthood, young men retreat into a homosocial world Kimmel terms "Guyland", a social space and a stage of life where "guys gather to be guys with each other, unhassled by the demands of parents, girlfriends, jobs, kids, and the other nuisances of adult life". Young white men, in particular, feel a sense of "thwarted entitlement", believing that women and minorities have taken away traditionally white male jobs and positions.
# Itaocara

Itaocara (Portuguese pronunciation:,) is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population is 23,222 (2020) and its area is 428 km².
# It Can't Last Forever

It Can't Last Forever is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Hamilton MacFadden and starring Ralph Bellamy, Betty Furness, and Robert Armstrong. It is also the debut film for an unbilled 11-year-old Donald O'Connor, who would later go on to be famous for his acrobatic tap dancing.

## Cast

* Ralph Bellamy as Russ Matthews
* Betty Furness as Carol Wilson
* Robert Armstrong as Al Tinker
* Raymond Walburn as Dr. Fothergill
* Thurston Hall as Fulton
* Edward Pawley as Cronin
* Wade Boteler as Police Captain Rorty
* Charles Judels as Mr. Appadelius
* George Chesebro as Studs
* Marc Lawrence as Hoodlum
* unbilled players include Dorothy Dandridge, Paul Fix and Donald O'Connor
# The Pointing Finger (1919 film)

The Pointing Finger, also known as No Experience Required is a 1919 American silent drama film, directed by Edward A. Kull and Edward Morrissey. Morrissey began directing the project, but was replaced by Kull in late August or early September 1919. It stars Mary MacLaren, David Butler, and Johnnie Cook, and was released on December 1, 1919. There are no known archival holdings of the film, so it is presumably a lost film.

## Cast list

* Mary MacLaren as Mary Murphy
* David Butler as David
* Johnnie Cook as William Saxton
* Carl Stockdale as Grosset
* Lydia Knott as Matron
* Charlotte Woods as Matron's assistant
# The Pointless Book

The Pointless Book is a 2014 activity book by British vlogger, YouTuber and presenter Alfie Deyes.

## Background

Deyes runs a number of popular YouTube channels. The book contains 'pointless tasks' such as baking a cake of mud or creating a time capsule and contains interactive features.
The book sold 30,000 copies in its first two weeks, and was top of The Times of London Bestseller list and a bestseller overall for 2014. The book was praised for its range of activities by fellow YouTubers, however similarities with Wreck This Journal were noted and was reviewed in The Guardian.
A signing at a bookstore in Piccadilly Circus in London was attended by 8,000 'screaming fans' and resulted in road closures and police helicopters being used, forcing Deyes to reschedule another event at ExCeL London while more than 1000 attended a signing in Birmingham.
# Secret law

Secret law refers to legal authorities that require compliance that are classified or otherwise withheld from the public.

## Secret law in the United States

Since about 2015 the branches of the United States federal government have accused one another of creating secret law. Journalists, scholars, and anti-secrecy activists have also made similar allegations. Scholarly analysis has shown that secret law is present in all three branches. One scholar, Professor Dakota Rudesill, recommends that the country affirmatively decide whether to tolerate secret law, and proposes principles for governing it, including: public law's supremacy over secret law; no secret criminal law; public notification of creation of secret law; presumptive sunset and publication dates; and availability of all secret law to Congress.
The Brennan Center for Justice includes in the category of secret law in the United States classified opinions of the Executive Office of Legal Counsel, described as "authoritative legal interpretations that have the same legal force as the statutes they interpreted"; legal opinions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which approves mass surveillance programs; and more than 800 secret agreements with foreign nations between 2004 and 2014.
The term has been used in reference to some counterterrorist measures taken by the Bush administration following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The Patriot Act has been referred to as having secret interpretations.

## Secret rules in UK public places

In the United Kingdom, many open places freely accessible by the public are actually privately owned public spaces (POPS). Information on ownership is considered confidential, and not provided either by the owners, or by local councils that have the information. As in any private property the owner may require visitors to abide by specified rules; but people freely accessing the place are not informed of the rules, which may nevertheless be enforced by security guards. Typical prohibitions which do not apply to genuinely public spaces include protesting and photography.
Councils mostly refused to provide information on existing and planned pseudo-public spaces. They also refused to say how information could be obtained, or to provide information on private restrictions on exercising the other rights people have on genuinely public land. Councils were criticized for being under the influence of property developers and corporate owners. Siân Berry, at the time a member of the London Assembly, said "Being able to know what rules you are being governed by, and how to challenge them, is a fundamental part of democracy".

## Literature

Secret laws and their negative effects are described in Franz Kafka's novel Der Prozess (The Trial).
# The One Who Really Loves You

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
The One Who Really Loves You is the second album recorded by R&B singer and Motown recording artist Mary Wells, released in 1962 on the Motown label. The album featured the hits, "The One Who Really Loves You" and "You Beat Me to the Punch" and other singles such as the ballads "Strange Love" and "Two Wrongs Don't Make a Right".

## Track listing
### Side one

* "The One Who Really Loves You" (William "Smokey" Robinson)
* "Two Wrongs Don't Make a Right" (Berry Gordy, Jr., William "Smokey" Robinson)
* "You Beat Me to the Punch" (Ronald White, William "Smokey" Robinson)
* "I've Got a Notion" (Brian Holland, George Fowler, Robert Bateman)
* "The Day Will Come" (Brian Holland, Robert Bateman)

### Side two

* "Strange Love" (Mickey Stevenson, George Gordy)
* "You're My Desire" (Rex Robertson, William "Smokey" Robinson)
* "I'll Still Be Around" (Janie Bradford, Richard "Popcorn" Wylie)
* "She Don't Love You" (William "Smokey" Robinson)
* "Drifting Love" (Mary Wells)

## Personnel

* Mary Wells - lead vocals
* The Love Tones - backing vocals (on "The One Who Really Loves You", "You Beat Me to the Punch", "Strange Love" and "You're My Desire")
* The Andantes - backing vocals (on "The Day Will Come", "Strange Love" and "She Don't Love You")
* Robert Bateman - backing vocals (on "She Don't Love You")
* The Funk Brothers - instrumentation
# The Punk Singles Collection

The Punk Singles Collection is a compilation album released in 1995 by Anagram Records. It contained material recorded between 1980 and 1985 by the English punk rock band, Peter and the Test Tube Babies.
The album contains all their early singles and EP tracks in this time period in chronological order. Anagram Records also re-released a number of the band's albums, including their debut album – the live Pissed and Proud from 1982.
The Punk Singles Collection is a record series released by anagram records detailing the singles produced by many UK punk bands such as Special Duties, The Lurkers and small-time record companies such as Small Wonder, who released bands such as The Carpettes upon the world, and Abstract records, who signed the gymslips.
# Gwen Hardie

Gwen Hardie (born 1962) is a Scottish artist.

## Biography

Gwen Hardie was born in Fife, Scotland in 1962. She spent her childhood in Aberdeenshire and studied art at the Edinburgh College of Art. She lived in London and Berlin before moving to the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York in 2000.

## Awards and distinctions

Hardie has been given residencies at the Bogliasco Foundation, Italy; and at Yaddo, MacDowell, the VCCA and the Bogliasco Foundation in America. In 1990, she became the youngest artist to have a solo show at the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh.

## Museums and galleries

Hardie's work is in collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, the British Council, the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh, the Gulbenkian Collection, Lisbon, Leicestershire County Council, City of Edinburgh Council, Aberdeen Art Gallery, the Highland Council, Manchester City Galleries, and the University of Edinburgh. She was one of the Scottish artists whose portraits were painted in the 1980s by Alexander Moffat.

## Exhibitions

* Sainsbury Centre, Norwich, 2015
* Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, 2015
* Smoyer Gallery, Roanoke College, USA, 2014
* Garis & Hahn, New York
* The Royal Hibernian Academy, Dublin
* Ann Lanntair and Taigh Chearsabhagh, The Hebrides, Scotland, 2013
# Iuliu

Iuliu is a Romanian male given name derived from Latin Iulius. The female form is Iulia. In other cases Iuliu is the Romanianized form of the Hungarian name Gyula.
People named Iuliu:
* Iuliu Barasch
* Iuliu Baratky
* Iuliu Bodola
* Iuliu Coroianu
* Iuliu Hațieganu
* Iuliu Ilyés
* Iuliu Maniu
* Iuliu Cezar Săvescu
* Iuliu Szöcs
* Iuliu Winkler
# H. arenaria

H. arenaria may refer to:
* Hemicycliophora arenaria, a plant pathogenic nematode species
* Heterodera arenaria, a plant pathogenic nematode species
# H. aspera

H. aspera may refer to:
* Hibbertia aspera, the rough Guinea flower, a shrub species native to Australia
* Hydrangea aspera, a shrub species native to the region between the Himalaya, across southern China to Taiwan
* Hyphodontia aspera, a fungal plant pathogen species
* Hypolepis aspera, a fern species in the genus Hypolepis
# Sedis

Sedis may refer to :
* Sedis Bàsquet, a women's basketball team of La Seu d'Urgell, Spain
* Sedis, French chain manufacturer owned by Tube Investments of India Limited since 2010
# Oberonia complanata

Oberonia complanata, commonly known as the southern green fairy orchid or yellow-flowered king of the fairies, is a plant in the orchid family and is a clump-forming epiphyte. It has between three and eight leaves in a fan-like arrangement on each shoot and up to three hundred tiny cream-coloured or greenish flowers arranged in whorls around the flowering stem. It is endemic to eastern Australia.

## Description

Oberonia complanata is an epiphytic, clump-forming herb. Each shoot has between three and eight fleshy, oblong to lance-shaped, yellowish green leaves 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in) long and about 15 mm (0.59 in) wide with their bases overlapping. Between 150 and 300 cream-coloured or greenish flowers about 2.5 mm (0.098 in) long and 1.0 mm (0.039 in) wide are arranged in whorls on an arching flowering stem 100–200 mm (3.9–7.9 in) long. The sepals and petals are egg-shaped to triangular, spread widely apart from each other and about 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long. The labellum is green, about 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long and wide with three obscure lobes, the middle lobe with a notched tip. Flowering occurs between February and July.

## Taxonomy and naming

The southern green fairy orchid was first formally described in 1839 by Allan Cunningham who gave it the name Dendrobium complanatum and published the description in Edwards's Botanical Register. In 1989 Mark Clements and David Jones changed the name to Oberonia complanata. The specific epithet (complanata) is a Latin word meaning "flattened".

## Distribution and habitat

Oberonia complanata grows on trees and rocks in rainforest between Gympie in Queensland and Coffs Harbour in New South Wales.

## Conservation

This orchid is classed as "endangered" in New South Wales under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. It has recently been seen in the Lismore district and near Mount Warning but has not been seen near Coffs Harbour since 1961. The main threats to the species are land clearing, habitat degradation and illegal collecting.
# Sebdou District

Sebdou District is a district of Tlemcen Province in north-western Algeria.
The district is further divided into 3 municipalities:
* Sebdou
* El Gor
* El Aricha
* This article about a location in Tlemcen Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Robert Edward Webster

Robert Edward Webster (October 23, 1928 – November 11, 1999) was an American technician of the Cleveland, Ohio-based Rand Development, who defected to the Soviet Union in 1959 and returned to the United States in 1962. Webster was born in Tiffin, Ohio and educated in Pennsylvania. He served in the United States Navy as an electronics specialist.
Webster applied to Rand Development in November 1957 to work as a plastics chemist. In 1959 Webster travelled several times to Moscow for Rand to prepare for the American Exhibition there. During a seven-week stay beginning in May 1959, Webster began dating Vera Platanova, a waitress at the Hotel Ukraine, who was suspected of being a KGB agent.
On July 11, 1959 Webster approached Soviet officials at the exhibition to ask about procedures for a US citizen to remain in the Soviet Union. After several further meetings, including one in which Webster told two Soviet scientists he could help them duplicate the Rand spray gun on show in the exhibition, he was accepted by the Soviets, although posted to work in Leningrad rather than Moscow as he had asked. On October 17 he attended the US Embassy in Moscow (having already sent a postcard), meeting with Richard Edward Snyder. He filled in an "Affidavit for Expatriated Person" form and wrote a resignation letter to Rand. He had left his wife and two children behind.
On January 27, 1960 Webster received a letter from his father stating that his mother had had a nervous breakdown and that he had assumed financial support for Webster's children. Webster then decided to return to the United States, asking the US Embassy in Moscow in May 1960 how to do so. He was told to apply for a Soviet exit visa, which he did, though his application was rejected. Re-applying a year later, he was granted an exit visa in February 1962 and returned to the United States on 20 May, classified as an alien. He left behind his Soviet girlfriend and the daughter he had with her. On his return, James H. Rand, III, President of Rand Development, said he "felt a responsibility" for Webster and would help him to secure employment (though not at Rand).
Webster died in New Bedford, Massachusetts on November 11, 1999. He is buried at the Pine Grove Cemetery in New Bedford, Massachusetts.
# Cuaming Island

Cuaming is an island located at the Cebu Strait, in the Visayas region, Philippines. It is part of the islands situated in the Danajon Bank, the country's only double barrier reef. The island's residents are mostly dependent entirely on fishing. Cuaming is one of the most densely populated islands in the Philippines.

## Government

The island is locally governed by Barangay Cuaming, under the jurisdiction of the municipal government of Inabanga, Bohol.

## Geography

Cuaming is located 11 km (6.8 mi) northwest from the port of Inabanga and 15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest from Cordova, Cebu. The island's total area is around 0.10 km$^2$ (0.039 sq mi).

## Demographics

According to the latest 2020 census, Cuaming has a population of 3,263, making it the most populated barangay in the town of Inabanga. The population density of the island is 32,632 inhabitants per square kilometre (84,520/sq mi).

## Recent history

In April 2021, the National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR) plans to install a renewable energy (RE) - diesel hybrid power plant in Cuaming Island. This is under the NAPOCOR's RE program in off-grid areas.
In December 2021, Cuaming is one of the areas that was badly affected by the onslaught of Typhoon Rai or known as Super Typhoon Odette in the Philippines. Many houses and infrastructure was damaged. The local government provided relief aid, including food and water to the residents of Cuaming days after the tropical cyclone. Also, a non-profit foundation donated fishing boats to affected fisherfolk, who lost them after the disaster.

## Education

Cuaming Island has two public schools.
* Cuaming Elementary School
* Cuaming High School

## Utilities

Electricity
The National Power Corporation - Small Power Utilities Group has a diesel power plant in Cuaming Island. Bohol I Electronic Cooperative, Inc. is in charge distributing electricity to the houses in the island.
# Edwin Stevens

Edwin Stevens may refer to:
* Edwin Stevens (missionary) (1802–1837), American protestant missionary in China
* Edwin Stevens (actor) (1860–1923), American stage and film actor
* Arthur Edwin Stevens (1905–1995), Welsh inventor who designed the world's first wearable electronic hearing aid
* Edwin Augustus Stevens (1794–1868), American inventor and entrepreneur
* Edwin Augustus Stevens Jr. (1858–1918), American soldier, engineer and architect
# Second Tunisia Plan

The Second Tunisia Plan was an economic development plan implemented by the government of President Habib Bourguiba from 1965 to 1968.
The government invested about as much in agriculture as in industry.