OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flora Murray (botanist)

Flora Buchan Murray (1 August 1896 – 1968) was a New Zealand botanist, and was the second woman appointed as permanent staff at Canterbury University College.

## Early life and education

Flora Buchan Murray was born in New Zealand on 1 August 1896 to parents the Reverend Charles and Grace Jane Murray. She grew up in Carterton, near Wellington, and was educated at Christchurch Girls' High School. She enrolled at Canterbury University College in 1915, and was the winner of the prize in zoology for 1916–1917. Murray graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1920, and followed this with an MA with first class Honours in Botany in 1921. Her dissertation was on indigenous plants in the Port Hills.

## Academic career

Murray taught at Rangi Ruru Girls' School but was then appointed as an assistant lecturer in the Department of Biology at the Canterbury University College in 1922, under head Charles Chilton. She was the second woman to be appointed to the staff, and worked alongside the first, Elizabeth Herriott. Murray also worked as a research assistant in forestry.
In May 1929 Murray was awarded the Sir William Hartley Scholarship for three years' overseas study. She was awarded a doctorate in 1932 by the University of Edinburgh, for a dissertation entitled Studies in the development of the sexual tissues in the genus rhododendron. She appears to have worked both at the University of Edinburgh and at Sunderland College in the UK.

## Later life

Murray died in Edinburgh in 1968, and is buried in Grange cemetery with her sister Grace Bryce Murray. Her memorial mentions her PhD.

## Legacy

In 2017, Murray was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Aparangi's 150 women in 150 words, celebrating the contributions of women to knowledge in New Zealand.

## Selected work

* Flora Murray (1932), Studies in the development of the sexual tissues in the genus rhododendron, Wikidata Q105003335
# Spinicalliotropis lamellifera

Spinicalliotropis lamellifera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Eucyclidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off East Australia.
# Raynald of Saint-Valery

Raynald of Saint-Valéry (died after 1165), also known as Renaud, was Lord of Harenc—a fiefdom in the Principality of Antioch—from 1158 to 1163.

## Life

Raynald was the son of Bernard II of Saint-Valéry and his wife Matilda. In 1097, Raynald's father is mentioned with his father, Walter of Saint-Valéry, during the conquest of Nicaea in the First Crusade.
Around 1157/1158, Raynald is witnessed as a knight in the retinue of Thierry, Count of Flanders. He went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land and there they took part in a military campaign against the Syrian Muslims under the leadership of Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem, in the summer of 1157. The crusaders took advantage of Nur al-Din Zengi's illness to expand the Principality of Antioch. Certainly, Thierry had in mind to hold of the conquered lands. First, they besieged the fortress of Shaizar, which Thierry should have received as a fief.
Raynald of Châtillon, Prince of Antioch, demanded that the new rulers should turn them into his vassals. However, Raynald only had seized the princely throne through his marriage with Constance, Princess of Antioch, the actual Antioch's ruler, and he was a minor noble unlike Thierry, who was a high noble in France. So that, Thierry refused to make him homage as his feudal lord. Although the crusaders had taken Shaizar's Lower Town and the Citadel was on the point of surrendering, they lifted the siege in October 1157 and the crusader army continued his march to the north.
After the army had occupied the ruins of Apamea, they sieged the castle of Harenc. Harenc had belonged to the Principality of Antioch, but it was conquest by Nur al-Din's forces in 1149. The crusader army conquered Harenc in February 1158. Since Thierry still refused to make homage to Raynald of Châtillon, the Harenc's castle and his surrounding domains were granted to Raynald of Saint-Valéry. As new Lord of Harenc, Raynald was engaged in another Baldwin III's campaign, where he distinguished in Nur al-Din's defeat, who had invaded Galilee.
The castle of Harenc was disputed during the next decade. On 12 August 1164, a Christian army was defeated by Nur al-Din during the battle of Harim, which was sent to relieve Harenc. Apparently, Raynald had already departed to England to that time y he sold his rights about Harenc to Joscelin III, Titular Count of Edessa, who is mentioned as Lord of Harenc around 1163. Raynald, probably had one daughter called Orguilleuse, who married with Bohemond III, Prince of Antioch and she was known as “Lord of Harenc's daughter”.
# Ray Coates

Rayford Jerald Coates (May 8, 1924 – July 3, 2013) was a professional American football player. He played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) as a halfback for the New York Giants. He attended Louisiana State University, where he played college football for the LSU Tigers football team. He was MVP of the 1947 Cotton Bowl. He was also a member of LSU's 1946 SEC championship baseball team. For five decades he held the LSU record for longest punt, at 76-yards against Rice in 1944.
He scored four touchdowns in his professional career: three rushing in 1948 and one receiving in 1949. He also threw a touchdown pass in 1948, and recorded an interception and four fumble recoveries on defense in 1949.
# Sinnaripalayam

Sinnaripalayam is a panchayat village in Gobichettipalayam taluk in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is about 16 km from Gobichettipalayam and 43 km from district headquarters Erode. The village is located on the road connecting Gobichettipalayam with Nambiyur via Kolappalur. Sinnaripalayam has a population of about 2439.
# Elvendoglu Ali Pasha

Elvendoğlu Ali Pasha, known in Arabic as Ali Pasha ibn Alwan, was an Ottoman statesman. He was appointed the beylerbey (governor-general) of Damascus Eyalet by the vizier Ibrahim Pasha in October 1585, the same month in which a certain Husrev Pasha was appointed to the same post by the Sublime Porte (Ottoman imperial government in Constantinople; the Porte abrogated Husrev Pasha's assignment, appointing him instead to Baghdad Eyalet. Ali Pasha was charged with continuing Ibrahim Pasha's suppression of Druze and other rebels in Mount Lebanon and its environs, and was responsible for the capture of several chieftains, including Muhammad Assaf, Ali Harfush, Mansur ibn Furaykh and chiefs of the Tanukhs, all of whom were sent to Constantinople. He was replaced as beylerbey by his predecessor Uveys Pasha in June 1586. Ali Pasha was appointed beylerbey of Baghdad Eyalet for a few days in late 1586.
# Fadel Fadel

Fadel Fadel (October 6, 1914 – September 23, 1969) was a president of Clube de Regatas do Flamengo. Flamengo's Parque Aquático Fadel Fadel (Fadel Fadel Aquatic Park) is named in his honor.

## Biography

Born in Sumidouro, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, of Lebanese descent, he was elected president of Flamengo in 1962, leaving the position in 1965. During his administration, he inaugurated the club's Olympic pool in 1963. Flamengo won the Campeonato Carioca in 1963 and in 1965 during his administration.
He died on September 23, 1969, in Rio de Janeiro.
# Slovenia Open

Slovenia Open may refer to:
* Slovenia Open (badminton), a badminton competition
* Slovenia Open (figure skating), a figure skating competition
* Slovenian Open (golf), a golf competition
* WTA Slovenia Open, a tennis tournament
# Parapsectris lacunosa

Parapsectris lacunosa is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1918. It is found in Namibia and the South African provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng.
The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are reddish ochreous or ferruginous with the markings grey irrorated (sprinkled) with black. There is a narrow fascia from the base of the costa to the dorsum before the middle and a narrow oblique fascia from the costa at one-fourth, below the middle running into a narrow fascia which runs from a flattened-triangular blotch on the middle of the costa to the dorsum beyond the middle and coalesces there with the first fascia. There is also a patch of irregular marbling towards the costa posteriorly, connected by a very irregular blotch with the dorsum before the tornus, edged posteriorly by a white mark near the dorsum. The hindwings are slaty grey.
# Parkland, Illinois

Parkland (also Pretty Man) is an unincorporated community in Tazewell County, Illinois, United States.

## Notable people

United States Representative Harold H. Velde (1910-1985) was born in Parkland.
# Communauté de communes du Sud-Ouest Amiénois

The Communauté de communes du Sud-Ouest Amiénois is a former communauté de communes in the Somme département and in the Picardie région of France. It was created in June 2004. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Somme Sud-Ouest in January 2017.

## History

The communauté de communes succeeded the Syndicat mixte Pays Somme sud ouest (SMPSSO), the dissolution taking effect on 1 January 2008. The ‘’syndicat mixte’’, created in 1981, covered 6 of the neighbouring cantons. The new body was created by order of the prefect on 30 June 2004. It included 63 communes in the cantons of Hornoy-le-Bourg, Poix-de-Picardie and part of the Canton de Molliens-Dreuil.

## Composition

This Communauté de communes comprised 63 communes:
* Airaines
* Arguel, Somme
* Aumont, Somme
* Avelesges
* Beaucamps-le-Jeune
* Beaucamps-le-Vieux
* Belloy-Saint-Léonard
* Bergicourt
* Bettembos
* Blangy-sous-Poix
* Bougainville, Somme
* Briquemesnil-Floxicourt
* Brocourt
* Bussy-lès-Poix
* Camps-en-Amiénois
* Caulières
* Courcelles-sous-Moyencourt
* Croixrault
* Dromesnil
* Éplessier
* Équennes-Éramecourt
* Famechon, Somme
* Fluy
* Fourcigny
* Fresnoy-au-Val
* Fricamps
* Gauville
* Guizancourt
* Hescamps
* Hornoy-le-Bourg
* Lachapelle, Somme
* Lafresguimont-Saint-Martin
* Laleu, Somme
* Lamaronde
* Le Quesne
* Lignières-Châtelain
* Liomer
* Marlers
* Meigneux, Somme
* Méréaucourt
* Méricourt-en-Vimeu
* Métigny
* Molliens-Dreuil
* Montagne-Fayel
* Morvillers-Saint-Saturnin
* Moyencourt-lès-Poix
* Neuville-Coppegueule
* Offignies
* Oissy
* Poix-de-Picardie
* Quesnoy-sur-Airaines
* Quevauvillers
* Riencourt
* Saint-Aubin-Montenoy
* Sainte-Segrée
* Saint-Germain-sur-Bresle
* Saulchoy-sous-Poix
* Tailly, Somme
* Thieulloy-l'Abbaye
* Thieulloy-la-Ville
* Villers-Campsart
* Vraignes-lès-Hornoy
* Warlus, Somme

## Other groupings

The Community Council, on 14 June 2007, adopted the principle of membership of the "Syndicat mixte du Pays du Grand Amiénois".

## Projects and goals

The Community plans to carry out or support actions:
* In terms of economic development, for example, around the future motorway interchange on the A29 at Croixrault.
* In areas of direct interest to the lives of the people: housing (plan of action for the implementation of multi-family housing), culture (financing actions promoting libraries) and multimedia (development in the intercommunal territory).
# Commotria ruficolor

Commotria ruficolor is a species of snout moth in the genus Commotria. It was described by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse in 1922. It is found in Zimbabwe.
# Commotria leucosparsalis

Commotria leucosparsalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Commotria. It was described by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse in 1922. It is found in South Africa.
# Paradise Hill

Paradise Hill may refer to:
* Paradise Hill, Nevada, United States, an unincorporated community
* Paradise Hill, Ohio, United States, an unincorporated community
* Paradise Hill, Oklahoma, United States, a town
* Paradise Hill, Saskatchewan, Canada, a village
** Paradise Hill Airport, a former airport
# Community-Led Infrastructure Finance Facility

The Community-Led Infrastructure Finance Facility or CLIFF was a UK and Swedish finance facility created in 2002 providing bridge finance and venture capital for housing and infrastructure (especially water and sanitation) to developing countries. It was coordinated by the charity Homeless International, with most of the funding coming from the United Kingdom's Department for International Development and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. The facility was shut down in 2018.
CLIFF was mainly intended to support community-led NGOs and CBOs working on issues of social housing and urban poverty, who do not have otherwise access to mainstream housing finance (especially in countries where the financial sector is still under-developed). It allows communities to implement demonstration projects, in order to secure funding for larger-scale projects.

## History

CLIFF was created as the result of a Department for International Development-funded research entitled Bridging the Finance Gap, started in 1999, and first piloted in 2002 in India. A first phase ran between 2002 and 2010, with almost £10 million funded by DFID and SIDA; a second phase was run until 2015, with around £20 million committed by the same funders. CLIFF started in India in 2002, in Kenya in 2005, in the Philippines in 2007, in Nepal in 2010, and in West Africa, Malawi, Angola and Zimbabwe in 2011.
# Parallel (The Black Dog album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
Parallel is a compilation album by the intelligent dance music artists Ken Downie, Ed Handley and Andy Turner, aka The Black Dog. It was released in 1995 on double vinyl and CD. The album compiles three EPs released on the GPR label in 1991 and 1992.

## Critical reception

AllMusic wrote that there's "some quality material, but without the integrated feel of their other full-length works." BBC Music called Parallel a "landmark," writing that the remastered title track included on the Book of Dogma collection "is blinding as ... layers of light and reflective sound form an expansive multi-tonality."

## Track listing

* "Parallel" - 5:02
* "Squelch" - 4:54
* "Erb" - 5:00
* "Glossolalia" - 4:54
* "Hub" - 4:10
* "Vanttool" - 6:42
* "Aural Wallpaper" - 3:48
* "Rainbow Bridge" - 4:08
* "Virtual Hmmm ..." - 4:37
* "VIR²L" - 4:38
Tracks 1 - 4: originally released as Parallel EP in 1991 (GenP(X)2) Tracks 5 - 8: originally released as Vanttool EP in 1992 (GenP(X)9) Tracks 9 - 10: originally released as VIR²L EP in 1992 (GenP(X)3) Composed and produced by Ken Downie, Ed Handley and Andy Turner
# Community Unit School District 300 (disambiguation)

Community Unit School District 300 could refer to:
* Community Unit School District 300 in Kane County and a small part of McHenry County, Illinois — based in Algonquin, Illinois
* Du Quoin Community Unit School District 300 in Perry County, Illinois
* Savanna Community Unit District 300 in Carroll County, Illinois — merged into West Carroll Community Unit District 314
* Rockridge Community Unit School District 300 in Rock Island County, Illinois — based in Taylor Ridge, Illinois
* Sullivan Community Unit School District 300 in Moultrie County, Illinois
# Pareuxesta hyalinata

Pareuxesta hyalinata is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Pareuxesta of the family Ulidiidae.
# Community Observatory

The Community Observatory is a public outreach observatory located in Placerville, California, on the campus of the El Dorado Learning Center. The Community Observatory was established in 2006 through the work of the Rotarians of Cameron Park as free family-friendly park for the community. It is operated by a partnership of a team of volunteers, Folsom Lake College, the El Dorado County Office of Education and the Rotarians of Cameron Park.
In 2011, the Rotarians of Cameron Park installed the Art Cort Sky Theater as a place for visitors to rest and gaze at the stars. Their volunteers are often found providing tours of the constellations.
As of 2017, two telescopes are permanently mounted in the observatory: one 17-inch Planewave CDK and one 14-inch Celestron SCT, modified to accommodate a Hyperstar optic system fitted with an Atik Infinity Camera.
As of 2017, the Community Observatory had received over 80,000 visitors. Hours can be found through its website, its Facebook page,.
Acting as docents are volunteers with an interest in astronomy who donate their time and knowledge to make a visit to the observatory educational. They can provide information about celestial objects, the observatory facility, and telescopes.
# Compact MPV

Compact MPV (an abbreviation for Compact Multi-Purpose Vehicle) is a vehicle size class for the middle size of MPVs. The Compact MPV size class sits between the mini MPV and large MPV (minivan) size classes.
Compact MPVs remain predominantly a European phenomenon, although they are also built and sold in many Latin American, African, and Asian markets. As of 2016, the only compact MPV sold widely in the United States was the Ford C-Max.

## Characteristics

The flexibility of the interior seating is a common theme amongst compact MPVs. Many models have seats that can be individually folded or easily removed, and the upright seating positions maximises use of the interior space. The seating arrangement is usually either two rows (for a total of five seats) or three rows (for a total of seven seats), with the second row having three seats and the other row(s) having two seats.
Some compact MPVs also three seats in both the front and rear rows, and are therefore referred to as six-seaters.
Where a third row of seats is present, the seats are often smaller and intended for children or short distance travel only. In some cars, these seats can only carry a limited weight (less than an adult's weight). The third row of seating is usually optional, and is not available on all models of compact MPVs.
Most compact MPVs do not have sliding doors as compared to the large-sized Multi-purpose vehicle, being more similar to the older (and concurrent) station wagons.

## History

Predecessors to the compact MPV segment are the 1977 AMC Concept 80 AM Van, the 1978 Lancia Megagamma and the 1982 Lada X-1 concept cars.
Early production models of compact MPVs include, the 1982 Nissan Prairie and the 1991 Mitsubishi RVR (marketed as "Space Runner" in Europe and "Expo LRV" in the United States). Others include the "well-reviewed but slow-selling" 1984–87 Honda Civic Wagon and the 1982-1988 Tercel Wagon. The Nissan Axxess had limited space behind its second row seats, but featured rear sliding doors on both sides making it like a minivan that was "shrunk in the dryer." Although not classified at the time as MPVs, but variously described as space-efficient small people movers, functional high station wagons, or small vans. Examples of models – that consumers in the U.S. seemed to avoid because of "resistance to obvious utility" – include the "mini-minivan" 3-door hatchback wagons with a sliding side door on only the passenger side that were marketed as the Eagle Summit Wagon, Mitsubishi Expo, and Plymouth Colt Vista.
Some claim that the 1996 Renault Scénic is credited with creating the compact MPV segment.
The 1999 Opel/Vauxhall/Chevrolet Zafira was the first compact MPV with seven seats.

## Models

The five highest selling compact MPVs in Europe in 2018 were the Renault Scénic, Volkswagen Touran, Citroën C4 Picasso, BMW 2 Series Active Tourer / Gran Tourer and Mercedes-Benz B-Class.
# Commutation (neurophysiology)

In neurophysiology, commutation is the process by which the brain's neural circuits exhibit non-commutativity.
Physiologist Douglas B. Tweed and coworkers have considered whether certain neural circuits in the brain exhibit noncommutativity and state:
   In noncommutative algebra, order makes a difference to multiplication, so that $a\times b\neq b\times a$. This feature is necessary for computing rotary motion, because order makes a difference to the combined effect of two rotations. It has therefore been proposed that there are non-commutative operators in the brain circuits that deal with rotations, including motor system circuits that steer the eyes, head and limbs, and sensory system circuits that handle spatial information. This idea is controversial: studies of eye and head control have revealed behaviours that are consistent with non-commutativity in the brain, but none that clearly rules out all commutative models.
Tweed goes on to demonstrate non-commutative computation in the vestibulo-ocular reflex by showing that subjects rotated in darkness can hold their gaze points stable in space – correctly computing different final eye-position commands when put through the same two rotations in different orders, in a way that is unattainable by any commutative system.
# Pariscope

Pariscope was a weekly magazine available at Parisian newsstands between 1965 and 2016.
Pariscope was a moderately-priced magazine, established in 1965. Hachette Filipacchi Médias sold the printed version of Pariscope to Reworld Media in 2014. After 51 years of publication, the final issue was published the week of 18 October 2016.
# Parischnolea excavata

Parischnolea excavata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1942. It is known from Brazil and Paraguay.
# Parathyroid hormone receptor

There are two known parathyroid hormone receptors in mammals termed PTH1R and PTH2R. These receptors bind parathyroid hormone and are members of the GPCR family of transmembrane proteins.
* parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) is the classical PTH receptor, is expressed in high levels in bone and kidney and regulates calcium ion homeostasis through activation of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C.
* parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) is expressed primarily in the central nervous system, pancreas, testis, and placenta.
# Compagnie Commerciale de Colonisation du Congo Français

The Compagnie Commerciale de Colonisation du Congo Français, also known as the CCCCF or 4CF, was a colonial concession company set up in the Sangha River region of the Republic of the Congo in the early 20th century.
# Parmelee (surname)

Parmelee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arthur H. Parmelee (1883–1961), U.S. physician and football coach
* Ashbel P. Fitch (P. for Parmelee; 1848–1904), U.S. Representative from the state of New York
* Charles Henry Parmelee (1855–1914), Canadian publisher and politician
* Chris Parmelee (born 1988), U.S. baseball player
* Edward Parmelee Smith (1827–1876), U.S. religious leader, educator, co-founder of Fisk University
* Henry S. Parmelee (c.1846–1902), U.S. inventor, piano manufacturer, and streetcar/tram company president
* Horace Parmelee (1889–1957), U.S. talent manager and concert promoter
* Irene E. Parmelee (1847–1934), U.S. portrait artist
* James Parmelee (fl. 1886), U.S. financier
* Martha Parmelee Rose (1834-1923), U.S. journalist, reformer and philanthropist
* Philip Orin Parmelee (1887–1912), U.S. aviation pioneer
* Roy Parmelee (1907–1981), U.S. baseball player
# Compass College of Film and Media

Compass College of Film and Media was a private Christian art school in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

## History

The school changed its name to Compass College of Film and Media from Compass College of Cinematic Arts on January 1, 2022, to better reflect the career paths of the alumni and what the school is teaching its students. The college was acquired by Calvin University in the fall of 2023 and became part of the university's communication school.