OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gustav Geley

Gustav Geley (13 April 1868 – 15 July 1924) was a French physician, psychical researcher and director of the Institute Metapsychique International from 1919 to 1924.

## Career

Geley was born in 1868 at Montceau-les-Mines, France. He studied medicine in Annecy. In 1919, he gave up his practice as a physician and become the director of the Institut Mètapsychique International. He was a spiritist and a believer in reincarnation.
In the early 20th century Joaquin María Argamasilla known as the "Spaniard with X-ray Eyes" claimed to be able to read handwriting or numbers on dice through closed metal boxes. Argamasilla managed to fool Geley and Charles Richet into believing he had genuine psychic powers. In 1924 he was exposed by Harry Houdini as a fraud. Argamasilla peeked through his simple blindfold and lifted up the edge of the box so he could look inside it without others noticing.
Geley investigated the physical mediumship of Eva Carrière and Franek Kluski, and endorsed the abilities of Carrière. It was reported in the Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology that Geley's "belief system seems to have made him a target for tricks by the mediums he studied and, in the end, capable of suppressing negative evidence."
In 1954, the SPR member Rudolf Lambert published a report revealing details about a case of fraud that was covered up by many early members of the Institute Metapsychique International (IMI). Lambert who had studied Geley's files on Eva Carrière discovered photographs depicting fraudulent ectoplasm taken by her companion Juliette Bisson. Various "materializations" were artificially attached to Eva's hair by wires. The discovery was never published by Geley. Eugene Osty (the director of the institute) and members Jean Meyer, Albert von Schrenck-Notzing and Charles Richet all knew about the fraudulent photographs but were firm believers in mediumship phenomena so demanded the scandal be kept secret.
According to James Randi, Geley had a "very strong need for belief in the hereafter", as evidenced by Geley's statement, "Robbed of its illusions, individual existence seems a real misfortune if it endures only from birth to death. Geley's book Unconscious to the Conscious has been described as "almost a bible of reincarnationism."
Geley died in an airplane accident on 15 July 1924. He was 56.

## Publications

* From the Unconscious to the Conscious (1921)
# Guy Grosso

Guy Grosso (19 August 1933–2001) was a French actor and humorist. Guy Grosso was the pseudonym of Guy Marcel Sarrazin. He was probably best known as half of Grosso and Modo (together with Michel Modo).

## Selected filmography

* La Belle Américaine (1961) - Barbemont
* Le procès (1962) - Josef K.'s Colleague (uncredited)
* Le Magot de Josefa [fr] (1963) - Un villageois
* La Foire aux cancres [fr] (1963)
* Bébert et l'Omnibus [fr] (1963) - Un gendarme
* Let's Rob the Bank (1964) - Un client
* Cherchez l'idole (1964) - Le visiteur à Europe 1 (uncredited)
* Une ravissante idiote (1964) - Le premier homme interrogé (uncredited)
* Dandelions by the Roots (1964) - Émile, le barman
* The Troops of St. Tropez (1964) - Maréchal des Logis Tricard
* The Gorillas (1964) - Un agent cycliste
* Me and the Forty Year Old Man (1965) - Le valet du casino (uncredited)
* The Sucker (1965) - Un douanier
* Pleins feux sur Stanislas (1965) - L'agent à la bicyclette qui verbalise #1
* Les Bons Vivants (1965) - Gédeon, le souteneur (segment "Les bons vivants")
* Gendarme in New York (1965) - Maréchal des Logis Tricard
* The Big Restaurant (1966) - Un serveur
* La Grande Vadrouille (1966) - Un bassonniste
* Les grandes vacances (1967) - Chastenet, un professeur
* The Gendarme Gets Married (1968) - Maréchal des Logis Berlicot
* La Honte de la famille [fr] (1969) - Dieudonné Hadol
* Le champignon (1970) - L'acteur du film publicitaire
* Le gendarme en balade (1973) - Maréchal des Logis Tricard
* The Edifying and Joyous Story of Colinot (1973) - Lucas
* Opération Lady Marlène [fr] (1975) - Le brigadier
* Chobizenesse [fr] (1975) - Frère Boussenard
* Ne me touchez pas... (1977) - Paul Gruber, l'ingénieur du son
* Le mille-pattes fait des claquettes [fr] (1977) - Le brigadier de gendarmerie
* The Gendarme and the Extra-Terrestrials (1979) - Maréchal des Logis Tricard
* Charles et Lucie [fr] (1979) - De la Madriguière
* Les Phallocrates [fr] (1980) - Corbeau
* The Miser (1980) - Brindavoine
* Salut, j'arrive [fr] (1982) - Un agent de police
* The Troops & Troop-ettes (1982) - Maréchal des Logis Tricard
* Y a-t-il un pirate sur l'antenne ? [fr] (1983) - L'agent Bauju
# Gustav Brunner

Gustav Brunner (born 12 September 1950) is an Austrian Formula One designer and engineer.

## Career

Born in Graz, he started his career in racing car design at the German-based constructor McNamara. He first entered F1 in a brief spell working for the ATS team in 1978, before designing cars for Formula Two and sportscar racing. He came to prominence in Formula One in 1983, by returning to ATS. He designed two chassis for the team, the 1983 D6 and the 1984 D7, before quitting after a number of arguments with team principal Günter Schmid. In 1985 he joined RAM Racing, designing the RAM 03 car. By this time he was gaining a reputation within the sport for designing good chassis on a limited budget, even if the teams he had worked for had a conspicuous lack of results.
He then worked for Arrows and Ferrari, working for the latter on their F1/87 car, before reuniting with ATS boss Schmid as designer for his new Rial F1 outfit in 1988. He fell out with Schmid again and became Technical Director of the Zakspeed team. When the team folded at the end of the 1989 season, he moved on to Leyton House, where he worked on the March CG891 and stayed on as they reverted to March Engineering.
When March Engineering folded, he moved to Minardi for 1993, designing their successful M193 chassis, before another switch, to Ferrari's Research & Development department, eventually returning to Minardi as chief designer in 1997 to help new technical director, Gabriele Tredozi, and became the technical director in 1999.
Following three successive seasons where his Minardi designs had been praised for their innovative design considering such small resources, he was head-hunted by Toyota to become their Technical Director for their new Formula One team in 2001. He left Toyota at the end of 2005.
# Gustav von Ewers

Johann Philipp Gustav von Ewers or Evers (27 July 1779 – 20 November 1830) was a German legal historian and the founder of Russian legal history as a scholarly discipline.
Ewers was a farmer’s son from the village of Amelunxen (now a part of Beverungen) in the Bishopric of Paderborn. He first studied theology and then political science at the University of Göttingen.
His first employment, as was customary for a graduate from a poor background, was as a private tutor. This brought him to the Imperial Russian province of Livonia, where he was to remain for the rest of his life. While teaching, he pursued his scholarly interests, especially regarding Russian political and legal history, which became one of his main fields of study – one indeed of which he is often regarded the founder.
Influenced by the Hegelian definition of society and state, he described the traditional tribal structure of Russia as the foundation of Russian statehood, most notably in this 1826 monograph Das älteste Recht der Russen. Evers' ideas have found a continued reception among Russian legal theorists.
On the basis of his publications, he was offered in 1810 the Chair of History, Statistics, and Geography of the Russian State at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu) in what is today Estonia. He occupied that chair until 1826, when he transferred to the law faculty. In 1816, Ewers declined an offer of the Chair of Political Economy at the newly founded University of Berlin. In the same year, he had become Prorector of the University of Dorpat and in 1818, Rector, to which office he was re-elected every year until his death at Dorpat in 1830, aged 51.

## Selected works

* Provisorische Verfassung des Bauernstandes in Estland. 1805, 1806.
* Vom Ursprung des Russischen Staats. 1808
* Unangenehme Erinnerungen an August Ludwig Schlözer. 1810.
* Kritische Vorarbeiten zur Geschichte der Russen, 2 vols., 1814.
* Geschichte der Russen, vol. 1. 1816.
* Das älteste Recht der Russen in seiner geschichtlichen Entwicklung. 1826.
* Rhapsodische Gedanken über die wissenschaftliche Bedeutung des Naturrechts. 1828.
# Gunsho Ruijū

Gunsho Ruijū (群書類従) is a collection of old Japanese books on Japanese literature and history assembled by Hanawa Hokiichi (塙保己一) with the support of the bakufu.
It has several sections separated in genres such as Shinto (the native Japanese religion) or waka poetry.
A short list is below:
* Shinto documents
* Imperial documents
* Bunin (appointment documents)
* Keifu (genealogy documents)
* Den (legend documents)
* Kanshoku (government posts documents)
* Ritsuryō (codes and laws)
* Kuji (public duties documents)
* Shozoku (costume documents)
* Bunpitsu (literature)
* Shosoku (letters)
* Waka (style of poetry)
* Renga (linked verse poetry)
* Monogatari (tales)
* Nikki (diaries)
* Kiko (travel documents)
* Kangen (Japanese court music)
* Kemari (a game played in the Heian period)
* Taka (hawking documents)
* Yuge (play/games of skill documents )
* Onjiki (eating and drinking and cooking documents)
* Kassen (war documents)
* Buke (samurai documents)
* Shakuji (Buddhist names documents)
* Zatsu (miscellaneous documents)
The first series in 1819 has 25 subjects with 1273 works. A modern print edition was published in 19 volumes from 1894 to 1912.
A second series of another 2103 texts was created by his son Hanawa Tadatomi (塙忠宝) from 1821 under the title Zoku Gunsho Ruijū (続群書類従). Another series, the Zoku Zoku Gunsho Ruijū (続々群書類従), was assembled in two parts, the first with 16 subjects in 1903–4 in 5 volumes, the second in 1906–9 with 304 sources in 16 volumes. Shin Gunsho Ruijū (ja:新群書類従) was printed in 1906–08 in 10 volumes.
Another text collection begun by Hanawa Tadatomi is the Dai Nihon Shiryō.
# Guépratte Island

Guépratte Island is an ice-covered island 2.8 km (1.7 mi) long, lying between Anvers Island and Brabant Island at the east side of the entrance to Fournier Bay, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The island was first shown on the Ludwig Friederichsen map of 1895, embodying the 1873–74 explorations of a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann. It was later charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named it after Captain Guépratte of the French Navy. The name "Discovery Island", applied in 1927 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery, has been rejected in favour of the earlier name.

## Important Bird Area

A small (7 ha) islet lying about 1.5 km to the east of Guépratte has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding colony of Antarctic shags, with about 220 pairs recorded there in 1987.
# Gunslugs

Gunslugs is an action and 2D shooter video game. It was released by Dutch developer OrangePixel in 2013 for iOS, Android and Ouya, in 2014 for PlayStation Vita, in 2015 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux, in 2016 for Nintendo 3DS, and in 2020 for Nintendo Switch. In 2022 it was released for Atari VCS.

## Synopsis

The storyline of Gunslugs follows the adventures of a group of slugs who are attempting to find more information about the mysterious Black Duck army, and what their goals are. The army is waging war, and it's the players job to stop them.

## Gameplay

The game's graphics are pixelated and its audio and gameplay are very retro. The goal of the game to kill all of the enemies, and progress through the various levels as the player shoots enemies and crates and drops ammo pickups, and different weapons, such as flamethrowers, egg guns, and dual-wielding pistols of which the player uses to shoot in front of or behind them.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | (Vita) 81/100 (iOS) 80/100 (3DS, NS) 70/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Destructoid | (Vita) 7.5/10 |
| Gamezebo | (iOS) |
| Nintendo Life | (3DS) |
| Pocket Gamer | (iOS) |
| Push Square | (Vita) |
| Retro Gamer | (iOS) 72% |
| TouchArcade | (NS) |
The iOS and PlayStation Vita versions received "favourable" reviews, while the 3DS and Switch versions received above-average reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
The iOS version had moderate sales, with the creator reporting 10,811 sales within the first 9 weeks of launch, and an additional 150,000 downloads of a free version.
# Gwalior division

Gwalior Division is an administrative subdivision of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It includes the districts of Ashoknagar, Datia, Guna, Gwalior, and Shivpuri. The historic city of Gwalior is the administrative headquarters of the division.
Gwalior and Chambal divisions correspond to the Gird region of Madhya Pradesh, which is mostly a level agricultural plain, dotted with ranges of low hills. The divisions include the northern, contiguous portion of the former princely state of Gwalior together with the former princely state of Datia; the non-contiguous southern portions of the former state of Gwalior are currently part of Bhopal, Indore and Ujjain divisions.
26°14′00″N 78°10′00″E﻿ / ﻿26.2333°N 78.1667°E﻿ / 26.2333; 78.1667
* This article related to a location in Madhya Pradesh is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Gymnopilus karrara

Gymnopilus karrara is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.
# Gustaf Wilhelm Hammar

Gustaf Wilhelm Hammar (Gustav Vilhelm Hammar) (June 22, 1893 – August 19, 1954) was a Swedish-born American experimental physicist. He was the eldest of six children of Anders Vilhelm Hammar and Elin Christina Hammar (née Olsson). He emigrated to the United States in 1913, attended Bethel University in St. Paul, Minnesota, and by 1920 was married and living with his wife, Louise (with whom he was ultimately to have four children), in King County, Washington.
He obtained his M.S. degree at the University of Idaho in 1924 and a Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1927. His Ph.D. dissertation topic was titled "Magnetic Susceptibilities of Some Common Gases."
He returned to the University of Idaho in 1926 to teach, and became the head of the physics department in 1930, a position that he held for sixteen years. He led a productive materials science laboratory and was mindful of practical applications of his research—for example, as an extension of his researches in photoelectricity, he and his student Lawrence W. Foskett developed a telephone using light instead of copper wire for transmitting signals. At present, however, Hammar is best remembered for an experiment that was quite outside of his main area of research, the Hammar experiment, a test of the validity of special relativity.
In 1946, he joined the Eastman Kodak Company as a senior supervising physicist with the Navy Ordnance Division. During this period with Kodak, he worked on various military projects. He developed infrared photosensitive cells for use in night-vision gun sights, and time-delayed fuses for use in unattended firearms intended to mislead the enemy into believing that large forces of men are concentrated in areas where they actually are not (patents 2547820, 2601135, 2917413, 2958802, 3063862, 3067330). In 1953, he was honored for his research in physics with fellowship in the American Physical Society.
# Guzmania pennellii

Guzmania pennellii is a plant species in the genus Guzmania. This species is native to Venezuela and Colombia.
# H20

H20 (H twenty) may refer to:
* Highway H20 (Ukraine)
* HMS H20, a submarine
* McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry, a type of helicopter
* Nissan H20, a type of engine
* Xian H-20, a Chinese stealth bomber
* Halloween H20: 20 Years Later, a 1998 horror sequel
* H20, the ICD-10 code for uveitis
# HD 142245

HD 142245 is a hierarchical triple star system about 318 light-years away.
The primary subgiant star HD 142245 A belongs to the spectral class of K0. Its age is much younger than Sun`s at 2.855±0.514 billion years. The primary star is slightly enriched by heavy elements, having 160% of solar abundance.
In 2014, the co-moving binary stellar companion HD 142245 BC was detected. It consists of pair of red dwarf stars with composite spectral class M1, orbiting each other on 4 AU orbit.
No other stellar companions were found at projected separations from 5.48 to 153.34 AU around HD 142245 A.

## Planetary system

In 2011 one superjovian planet HD 142245 A b on a mildly eccentric orbit around star HD 142245 A was discovered utilizing the radial velocity method.
The HD 142245 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| HD 142245 A b | ≥1.9±0.2 M$_J$ | 2.77±0.09 | 1299±48 | 0.32 | — | — |
# HD 142250

HD 142250 (HR 5910, HIP 77900) is a star in the constellation Scorpius. It has a visual apparent magnitude of 6.1, being visible to the naked eye only in excellent seeing conditions. From parallax measurements, it is located 486 light-years (149 parsecs) away from Earth. This distance, together with the star's proper motion, indicate that HIP 77900 is a member of the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Scorpius–Centaurus association, the nearest OB association to the Sun. This subgroup is the youngest of the three of the association, with an estimated age of 11 million years.
This is a B-type main-sequence star with a spectral type of B6Vp and a mass estimated at 3.7 times the solar mass. HIP 77900 is a helium-weak chemically peculiar star, and has a magnetic field and a slow rate of rotation, with a projected rotational velocity (v sin i) of 34 km/s. Its photosphere is radiating light with a luminosity 220 times greater the Sun's at an effective temperature of 13,600 K.

## Substellar companion

Stars in young stellar associations are frequent targets for direct imaging searches for sub-stellar objects, because these objects lose luminosity with time. A 2013 article, using data from the Pan-STARRS and UKIDSS surveys and follow up observations with the IRTF telescope, presented the discovery of an object of spectral type M9 and effective temperature of 2400 ± 150 K separated from HIP 77900 by 21.8 arcseconds, or more than 3200 ± 300 AU at the system's distance. Its mass, estimated from evolutionary models and assuming an age of 10 million years, is 20$^{+7}$ $_{−3}$ Jupiter masses, so the object is probably a low mass brown dwarf. The physical association between the two bodies has not been confirmed through common proper motion observation, but is considered likely given the proximity of the two objects in the sky and that the probable brown dwarf shows signs of youth.
A 2023 survey, using data from the Gaia spacecraft, refined the parameters of this substellar companion. It was found to have a mass of 21±1 M$_J$, a temperature of 2,507+16 −5 K and to be separated from HIP 77900 by a distance of 3,319±28 AU. It is now included in the NASA Exoplanet Archive since its mass is below their upper mass limit of 30 M$_J$.
# HD 142415 b

HD 142415 b is an exoplanet with the semi-amplitude of 51.3 ± 2.3 m/s. This indicates the minimum mass of 1.69 Jupiter mass, an orbital period of 386.3 days, and the semi-major axis of 1.07 astronomical units based from its stellar mass. The wild, oval pathed wobble of the star used by Doppler spectrometer indicates that the orbit of the planet is highly eccentric at around 50%.
The planet was discovered in La Silla Observatory on 30 June 2003 by Mayor, who used the CORALIE spectrograph.
# Gümüşsu, Çivril

Gümüşsu is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Çivril, Denizli Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,229 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). Gümüşsu was formerly called Homa, and the ruins of the medieval fortress of Choma are located at Akkale, 4 km to the north on Akdağ mountain.$^{:222}$
# H. K. Kesavan

Hiremagalur Krishnaswamy Kesavan, known as H. K. Kesavan (14 June 1926 – 26 November 2014), was an Indian professor in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

## Early life and education

H.K. Kesavan was born on 14 June 1926 in Bangalore, India. He received his undergraduate degrees in science and engineering from the Central College and the Government Engineering College (now called University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering) in Bangalore. He received his M.S. degree from the University of Illinois in 1956 and his Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1959, both in electrical engineering. He was an instructor at Michigan State from 1956 to 1959, and assistant professor in 1959–1960.

## Career
### Early career, 1960-1963

In 1960, he was appointed as associate professor at the University of Waterloo, eventually serving as chairman of the Electrical Engineering department. During this time, he also spent a year back at Michigan State where he finished co-authoring his first book, Analysis of Discrete Physical Systems, co-authored with Herman Koenig and Yilmaz Tokad and published several years later.

### IIT Kanpur, 1964-1968

For a period of five years, he returned to India to serve as the first chairman of Electrical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur and concurrently as head of its nationally significant Computer Centre. He was also the first Dean of Research and Development at the IIT.

### Waterloo, 1968-1991

He returned to Waterloo to serve as the founding chairman of the Department of Systems Design engineering. He has published numerous technical papers and books on systems theory, applications of linear graph theory and entropy optimization principles.

## Science and philosophy

Kesavan maintained a lifelong interest in the philosophical aspects of science. His book, Science and Spirituality presents a global view of Vedic philosophy from the insights that science and spirituality provide.
# HD 186756

HD 186756, also known as HR 7521 or rarely 68 G. Telescopii, is a solitary orange hued star located in the southern constellation Telescopium. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.25, placing it near the limit for naked eye visibility, even under ideal conditions. Gaia DR3 parallax measurements imply a distance of 743 light years; it is currently approaching with a heliocentric radial velocity of −21.2 km/s. At its current distance, HD 186756's brightness is diminished by 0.34 magnitudes due to extinction from interstellar dust and it has an absolute magnitude of −0.96.
This is an evolved red giant star with a stellar classification of K1 III. It has 123% the mass of the Sun but it has expanded to 21.01 times the radius of the Sun. The object radiates 177 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,747 K. HD 186756 is slightly metal deficient with an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = −0.13 (74% solar) and it spins too slowly for its projected rotational velocity to be measured accurately.
# HD 187085 b

HD 187085 b is an extrasolar planet discovered in 2006 by a team led by Hugh Jones. HD 187085 b orbits its star in a highly eccentric orbit. The discovery was made as part of the Anglo-Australian Planet Search.
Their interpretation of the data set the eccentricity at 0.47. Using a statistical computer program, another team reinterpreted the same data for a lower eccentricity of 0.33.
# HD 187123 c

HD 187123 c is an extrasolar planet located approximately 156 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus, orbiting the star HD 187123. This planet was published in 2006. The radius of the planet's orbit is 4.80 AU, 113 times more distant from the star than first companion. This takes 10 years to orbit. As it is typical for very long-period planets, the orbit is eccentric, referring to as "eccentric Jupiter". At periastron, the orbital distance is 3.60 AU and at apastron, the distance is 6.00 AU. The planet's mass is nearly 2 times that of Jupiter, but is likely to be smaller in size than the inner planet.