OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mark Strudwick

Major-General Mark Jeremy Strudwick CBE KStJ (19 April 1945 – 26 September 2021) was a British Army officer, who served as General Officer Commanding Scotland from 1997 to 2000.

## Military career

Educated at St Edmund's School in Canterbury and the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, Strudwick was commissioned into the Royal Scots in 1966. He was twice mentioned in despatches for his service in Northern Ireland.
He was appointed Commanding Officer of 1st Bn the Royal Scots in 1984 and then became an instructor at the Staff College, Camberley, in 1987. In 1990, Strudwick was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and later that same year was appointed Commander of 3rd Infantry Brigade. In 1992, Strudwick was appointed to the office of the Deputy Military Secretary at the Ministry of Defence.
He was made Director of Infantry in 1996 and then General Officer Commanding Scotland in 1997; in that role he was simultaneously Governor of Edinburgh Castle. He retired in 2000.
He was also Aide-de-Camp to the Queen.
From 2000 to 2012, he was Chief Executive of the Prince's Scottish Youth Business Trust. He was Chairman of Trustees of the Royal Scots Club Edinburgh.

## Personal life

In 1970, Strudwick married Janet Elizabeth Coleridge Vivers; they went on to have one son and one daughter, all of whom survived him.
Strudwick died on 26 September 2021, at the age of 76.
# Marlboro (disambiguation)

Marlboro is an American brand of cigarettes owned by Philip Morris USA.
Marlboro may also refer to the name of various geographical locations, frequently named after the town of Marlborough in Wiltshire, England:

## Places
### United States

Alphabetical by state
* Marlboro, Burlington County, New Jersey
* Marlboro (CDP), New Jersey, in Cumberland County
* Marlboro Township, New Jersey, in Monmouth County
* Marlboro, New York
** Marlboro Mountains, a group of hogbacked mountains in New York
* Marlboro, Ohio
* Marlboro Township, Delaware County, Ohio
* Marlboro Township, Stark County, Ohio
* Marlboro County, South Carolina
* Marlboro, Vermont
** Marlboro College
** Marlboro Music School and Festival, an annual summer retreat
* Marlboro, Virginia
* Upper Marlboro, Maryland

### Other countries

* Marlboro, Alberta, Canada
* Marlboro, Gauteng, a suburb of Sandton in South Africa
** Marlboro (Gautrain station), a rapid transit station

## People

* DJ Marlboro, Brazilian DJ
* Marlboro Packard (1828–1904), master shipbuilder

## Other uses

* Marlboro College, located in Marlboro, Vermont
* Marlboro Colored High School in Upper Marlboro, Maryland
* Marlboro Man, a figure used in advertising campaigns for Marlboro cigarettes
# Mark Ferguson (disambiguation)

Mark Ferguson (born 1961) is an Australian actor and television presenter.
Mark Ferguson may also refer to:
* Mark Ferguson (cricketer) (born 1981), Hong Kong cricketer
* Mark Ferguson (footballer) (born 1960), English footballer
* Mark Ferguson (handballer) (born 1990), Irish handball player
* Mark Ferguson (politician), British politician
* Mark Ferguson (news presenter) (born 1966), Australian news presenter
* Mark D. Ferguson (born 1986), Scottish film director and screenwriter
* Mark E. Ferguson III (born 1956), US Navy admiral
# Marta Belen

Marta Belen (December 1, 1942 – April 5, 2005) was an American opera singer, artist, and music coach. She was the first American to record Rachmaninoff's art songs in Russian.

## Early life and education

Marta Belen was born Martha Gradine Pinnell in the small town of Meridian, Texas to Grady Pinnell and Gladys Weehunt. She graduated with a degree in composition from Wichita State University and in 1967 received a degree in music theory from Pittsburg State University in Kansas. Later she studied voice with Igor Gorin at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

## Opera career

Between 1967 and 1977 Belen performed in multiple locations around the United States, Brazil, Portugal, and Spain. She sang for the Tucson Opera (now the Arizona Opera) and the San Francisco Opera. She sang the principal soprano role for La Traviata, Madame Butterfly, and La Boheme, as well as performing in La Sonnambula, Daughter of the Regiment (La fille du régiment), The Magic Flute, and The Abduction from the Seraglio. In the late 1970s she recorded Rachmaninoff's art songs with Paula Fan accompanying.

## Marriages

Marta married Roger Irwin in 1962. They later divorced in 1976. She married David Hutchinson in 1983.

## Spiritual life

In 1966 she began studying Buddhism, and lived in several spiritual ashrams over the following ten years. She lived briefly in the Millbrook, New York estate at the time that Timothy Leary was in residence. During this time she also met Ram Dass and Allen Ginsberg. In the early 1980s she studied Buddhism at the California Institute for Asian Studies (later the California Institute for Integral Studies).

## Later life and career

During the 1980s and 1990s Marta pursued various arts, including woodworking, photography, mosaic tile, writing, accompaniment, coaching, and composition. Along with her husband she wrote A Tale of Two Kitties, a book about her two cats. She was the principal accompanist for the Aurora Music Ensemble, and played frequently with the Sacramento Baroque Soloists, Camerata California, Sacramento Chamber String Quartet, Capitol Chamber Players, and the Music At Noon series. She created the Dilworth K. Simmons music scholarship to assist young music students. In 2004, while undergoing chemotherapy, she composed and directed an original musical, Cats Come Out To Play, based on popular Christmas carols and opera songs.
# Marta Benavides

Marta Benavides (born 1943) is a feminist religious leader from El Salvador. She is a theologian, ordained American Baptist minister, permaculturist, educator, and artist.

## Activism

Benavides began working for human rights and peace in the 1960s. After the military coup in El Salvador in 1979 and the outbreak of the Salvadoran Civil War, she became the leader of the Ecumenical Committee for Humanitarian Aid, a group sponsored by the Archbishop Óscar Romero. Romero was assassinated in 1980. In 1982, Benavides went into exile in Mexico and the United States, and continued her efforts from there.
In 1992, following the Chapultepec Peace Accords, Benavides returned to El Salvador and founded the organization Siglo XXIII, also known as the International Institute for Cooperation Amongst Peoples, which promotes cultural activities as a way of achieving sustainable peace. She has led workshops on sustainable agriculture, human rights, and the prevention of community and family violence.

## Awards

In 2003, she was one of 33 Laureates of the Women's World Summit Foundation Prize for Women's Creativity in Rural Life. In 2005 she was among the 1,000 women nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. In 2009, she was awarded the Woman Peacemaker Prize from the Institute of Joan B. Kroc for Peace and Justice in the University of San Diego, California. She was one of the co-chairs of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty (GCAP).
# Marketspace

The marketspace is a marketing and strategic management concept that emerged in the mid-1990s. It refers to a virtual "information-defined transaction space" in contrast to traditional physical marketplaces. The term was introduced by Jeffrey Rayport and John Sviokla in their 1994 article "Managing in the Marketspace" that appeared in Harvard Business Review.

## Definition

Rayport and Sviokla did not present a formal definition of marketspace in their original Harvard Business Review paper but describe its characteristics. In synthesis marketspace is an information-defined transaction space where value is created and extracted. It exists in parallel to physical marketplaces and marketplace transactions.
A marketspace transaction is different from marketplace transactions. According to Rayport and Sviokla both differ in terms of content, context, and infrastructure. The content of the transaction is different because the marketspace replaces actual goods and services with information about goods and services. The context differs substituting face-to-face interactions with technology mediated transactions, for example electronic, on-screen interactions. Finally the infrastructure that enables the transaction to occur differs. Connected electronic devices such as computers replace a physical marketplace such as a mall. The marketspace is in essence a virtual selling space.
Rayport and Sviokla make three references to the Internet in their paper. The term internet has replaced the term marketspace, which is rarely used nowadays. For recent exceptions see:
* Kuruzovich, J., Viswanathan, S., Agarwal, R., Gosain, S., & Weitzman, S. (2008). Marketspace or Marketplace? Online Information Search and Channel Outcomes in Auto Retailing. Information Systems Research, 19(2), 182–201.
* Dholakia, N., Darmody, A., Zwick, D., Dholakia, R. R., & Fırat, A. F. (2021). Consumer Choicemaking and Choicelessness in Hyperdigital Marketspaces. Journal of Macromarketing, 41(1), 65-74.

## Impact

The Harvard Business Review article led to various academic investigations, especially in international business. Jim Hamill, a reader in the marketing department at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland at the time, was one of the first to note this link in a 1997 paper.
# Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris

The Eparchy of Notre-Dame du Liban de Paris (in Latin: Eparchia Dominae Nostrae Libanensis Parisiensis Maronitarum) is a Maronite Catholic diocese. It was erected on 21 July 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI who appointed Eparch Nasser Gemayel as its first bishop. It had 50,300 baptized at the same year in 2013. The Eparchy has 9 churches.

## Territory and statistics

The eparchy includes all Lebanese Maronite Catholic faithful in France. Its eparchial seat is the city of Paris, where is located the Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris Cathedral.
The territory is divided into four parishes and had 50,300 baptized in 2013.

## History

Previously the Maronite faithful were under the jurisdiction of Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in France, erected on 16 June 1954. The Eparchy was erected on 21 July 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI's papal bull Historia traditiones. His eparch, Nasser Gemayel, was previously pastor of the parish of Saint Tekla in Masqua (Lebanon).

## Eparchs

* Nasser Gemayel (21 Jul 2012 – 29 May 2024)
# Markov information source

In mathematics, a Markov information source, or simply, a Markov source, is an information source whose underlying dynamics are given by a stationary finite Markov chain.

## Formal definition

An information source is a sequence of random variables ranging over a finite alphabet $\Gamma$, having a stationary distribution.
A Markov information source is then a (stationary) Markov chain $M$, together with a function
    $f:S\to \Gamma$
that maps states $S$ in the Markov chain to letters in the alphabet $\Gamma$.
A unifilar Markov source is a Markov source for which the values $f(s_{k})$ are distinct whenever each of the states $s_{k}$ are reachable, in one step, from a common prior state. Unifilar sources are notable in that many of their properties are far more easily analyzed, as compared to the general case.

## Applications

Markov sources are commonly used in communication theory, as a model of a transmitter. Markov sources also occur in natural language processing, where they are used to represent hidden meaning in a text. Given the output of a Markov source, whose underlying Markov chain is unknown, the task of solving for the underlying chain is undertaken by the techniques of hidden Markov models, such as the Viterbi algorithm.
# Martha Vicinus

Martha Vicinus (born November 20, 1939) is an American scholar of English literature and Women's studies. She serves as the Eliza M. Mosher Distinguished University Professor of English, Women's Studies, and History at the University of Michigan. Prior to coming to the University of Michigan, Vicinus was a faculty member in the English Department at Indiana University from 1968 to 1982. She has written several books about Victorian women as well as gender and sexuality. She earned a PhD from the University of Wisconsin in 1968.
She has been noted for drawing attention to the Victorian double standards that were applied to women and to the Victorian ideal of women without sexual desires. She has argued that society often defines sexuality through a male heterosexual perspective.
In addition to her career as a scholar, she has been active as an advocate of anti-war and LGBT causes.

## Selected works

* Coeditor, with Caroline Eisner. Originality, Imitation, and Plagiarism: Teaching Writing in the Digital Age. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2008. ISBN 9780472900480.
* Intimate Friends: Women Who Loved Women. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. ISBN 9780226855639.
* Editor. Lesbian Subjects: A Feminist Studies Reader. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996. ISBN 9780253330604.
* Coeditor, with Martin Bauml Duberman and George Chauncey, Jr. Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay & Lesbian Past. New York: New American Library, 1989. ISBN 9780452010673.
* Coeditor, with Bea Nergaard, Ever Yours, Florence Nightingale: Selected Letters. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989. ISBN 9780674270206.
* Independent Women: Work and Community for Single Women, 1850-1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. ISBN 9780226855677.
* The Ambiguities of Self-Help: Concerning the Life and Work of the Lancashire Dialect Writer Edwin Waugh. Littleborough: George Kelsall, 1984. ISBN 9780946571000.
* A Widening Sphere: Changing Roles of Victorian Women. London: Methuen, 1977. ISBN 9780253365408.
* Broadsides of the Industrial North. Newcastle upon Tyne: F. Graham, 1975. ISBN 9780859830638.
* The Industrial Muse: A Study of Nineteenth-Century British Working-Class Literature. London: Croom Helm, 1974. ISBN 9780856641312.
* Editor. Suffer and Be Still: Women in the Victorian Age. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972. Oxon: Routledge, 2013. ISBN 9781135045265.
* The Lowly Harp: A Study of 19th Century Working Class Poetry. Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1969.
# Marrara, Northern Territory

Marrara is a northern suburb of the city of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. It is on the traditional Country and waterways of the Larrakia people.

## History

Shown on Goyder's original surveys of Darwin in 1869 was the swamp between the suburb and the Darwin International Airport, but like Leanyer, the name is believed to be derived from an Aboriginal name for the area.
The streets in the residential area of the suburb are named after golf courses at the request of the Darwin Golf Club who developed the residential subdivision in order to develop the greens. It is also near the International Airport.
The Marrara Oval hosts AFL matches.

## Economy

Airnorth has its head office on the property of Darwin International Airport in Marrara.
# Martina Apartments

The Martina Apartments were a historic site in Miami, Florida. They were located at 1023 South Miami Avenue. On January 4, 1989, they were added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, but then they were demolished sometime before 2002.
# Marshall Greenspan

Marshall Greenspan from Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, Fairfield, CT was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for contributions to design and development multi-channel radars.
# Marshall Hall

Marshall Hall may refer to:

## People

* Marshall Hall (physiologist) (1790–1857), English physiologist
** George Marshall-Hall (1862–1915), Australian musician and educator, his grandson
* Marshall Hall (mathematician) (1910–1990), American mathematician
* Edward Marshall Hall (1858–1927), English barrister and MP
* Marshall Hall (singer) (born 1970), former member of the Gaither Vocal Band

## Places

* Marshall Hall, Maryland, listed on the NRHP in Maryland
* Marshall Hall (Amherst, Massachusetts), a former microbiology laboratory at the University of Massachusetts
* Marshall Hall (amusement park), an amusement park at Marshall Hall, Maryland
# Martin Gleeson (cricketer)

Martin Gleeson (14 August 1875 – 17 October 1918) was a South African cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for Eastern Province in 1893/94 and 1896/97.
# Mary Jane Peale

Mary Jane Peale (born New York City, February 16, 1827 - died Pottsville, Pennsylvania, November 22, 1902) was an American painter. She was the child of Rubens and Eliza Burd Patterson Peale, the only daughter among seven children, and was the granddaughter of Charles Willson Peale. She was among the last members of the Peale family to paint professionally, studying with her uncle Rembrandt and with Thomas Sully in Philadelphia, and was enrolled at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.
She produced mainly portraits and still lifes, many of which featured flowers. Today her work may be seen at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Sheldon Museum of Art, and the Westmoreland Museum of American Art, among other museums.
She maintained a greenhouse at the Peale family home.
The papers and diaries of Mary Jane Peale are located in the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, PA, and include both original diaries and correspondence as well as photocopies. The contents of the collection is material related to Rubens and Eliza Peale, and the Peale family. Microfilm copies of this collection can be found in the Library of the Smithsonian Institution.
She is credited with teaching her father to paint, after his retirement, and there is evidence that some of the works attributed to him (such as Wedding Cake, Wine, Almonds, and Raisins and Rubens Peale in His Studio) may have instead been collaborative creations between the two. After Rubens died in 1865, Mary Jane finished the paintings he had been working on.
In her obituary, the New York Times said, "For a number of years she made her home in this city, but for several years had resided in Schuylkill County, at her place, "Riverside," the home of her childhood, on whose walls hung many ancient paintings by members of her family and portraits of Revolutionary heroes painted by her grandfather."
# Martofte

Martofte is a village on the island of Funen in Denmark. It is at the end of the former railway line Odense–Kerteminde–Martofte Jernbane which closed in 1966.
55°33′N 10°39′E﻿ / ﻿55.550°N 10.650°E﻿ / 55.550; 10.650
* This article about a location in the Region of Southern Denmark is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Rebecca Kabugho

Rebecca Kabugho (born 3 September 1994) is a Congolese activist who was detained by the government. She was said to be one of the youngest prisoners of conscience and she was given an International Women of Courage Award in 2017.

## Life

Kabugho was born in Goma in 1994 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She was a member of the LUCHA (Lutte pour le changement - Struggle for Change) which had been founded in her home town in June 2012. LUCHA was a non-hierarchical non-violent movement for change.
LUCHA was opposed by Congo's National Intelligence Agency as a "insurrectionist movement". Kabugho and she was one of six members arrested on 16 February after several peaceful protests but the protest at that time was named "Dead City". She and the other five men were charged with encouraging civil disobedience over President Joseph Kabila's disregard of Congo's constitution.
She spent six months in a prison in her home town whilst being lauded on social media and the international press as "one of" the "youngest prisoner of conscience in the world".
On 19 December 2016, Rebecca was amongst 19 other activists who were arrested again for protesting against what they consider as an unconstitutional government. She was released within a week but continued to be a leading non-violent campaigner for improvements in Congo.
Kabugho was awarded an International Women of Courage Award by Melania Trump in March 2017 with twelve other women. In 2016 she was awarded International Women of Courage Award.
# Sathi Amar

Sathi Amar is a 2005 Bengali romantic drama film directed by Shankar Ray and produced by Pritam Jalan. The film features actors Prosenjit Chatterjee and Rachana Banerjee in the lead roles. Music of the film has been composed by Ashok Raj
It is a remake of the Tamil film Ullam Kollai Poguthae.

## Plot

Raja is a talented voice artist who lives with his sister and takes care of her after their parent's death. Things change for him when he meets Jyoti, a talented painter who is also his sister's friend. As Raja falls for Jyoti, he attempts his best to win over his beloved.

## Cast

* Prosenjit Chatterjee as Raja
* Rachana Banerjee as Jyoti, Raja's love interest
* Anubhav Mohanty as Gautam, Jyoti's fiancée
* Laboni Sarkar as Jyoti's mother
* Kanchan Mullick as Anindya, Raja's friend
* Biswanath Basu
* Pushpita Mukherjee as Manoshi, Raja's sister
* Arun Banerjee as Jyoti's father
* Ashok Mukhopadhyay
* Parthasarathi Deb
# Rambin (surname)

Rambin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Leven Rambin (born 1990), American actress
* Melvin Rambin (1941–2001), American banker and politician
# Rambir Por

Rambir Por is a village in Leh district of Ladakh in India. It is located in the Leh tehsil.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Rambir Por has 122 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 80.78%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 594 | 307 | 287 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 58 | 36 | 22 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 586 | 301 | 285 |
| Literates | 433 | 230 | 203 |
| Workers (all) | 233 | 156 | 77 |
| Main workers (total) | 204 | 132 | 72 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 86 | 38 | 48 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 6 | 4 | 2 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 7 | 7 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 105 | 83 | 22 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 29 | 24 | 5 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 20 | 16 | 4 |
| Non-workers | 361 | 151 | 210 |
# Feroz Nakhchir District

Feroz Nakhchir District is a district of Samangan Province, Afghanistan. It formerly belonged to Balkh Province and shifted in 2005. The estimated population in 2019 was 14,494.
# Ferrato

Ferrato is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Donna Ferrato (born 1949), American photojournalist and activist
* Mattia Ferrato (born 1989), Italian footballer
# Ramol

Ramol is a city and a municipality in Ahmedabad district in the Indian state of Gujarat.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Ramol had a population of 27,539. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Ramol has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 57%. In Ramol, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

### Ramol Jantanagar

Ramol Jantanagar is one of the two Jantanagars in Ahmedabad city other one is Chandkheda Jantanagar.
# Fight Cancer

Fight Cancer is a 6-part health series challenging the negative attitudes that surround cancer. It was transmitted on BBC1 in 1989 and was presented by newscaster Martyn Lewis and actress Lynne Perrie, a cancer survivor. Perrie and Lewis travelled around Britain talking to other survivors.
The first episode was broadcast on BBC One on 12 October 1989, and in it, celebrities Russ Conway, Barbara Kelly and Diane Moran described their battles with cancer and their hopes for the future.