OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eddie Sturgis

Eddie Sturgis (1881–1947), also known as Edwin Sturgis, Ed Sturgis, or Edward Sturgis, was an American character actor of the silent and sound film eras.

## Biography

Born in Washington, D.C., his acting career began in the 1916 film The Lost Bridegroom, which starred John Barrymore. In his twenty-three year career, he appeared in over fifty films, mostly in supporting or smaller roles. His final performance would be in the 1939 Joe E. Brown vehicle, Beware, Spooks!, in a minor role. Sturgis died on December 13, 1947, in Los Angeles, California.

## Filmography

(Per AFI database)
* The Rainbow Princess (1916)
* The Lost Bridegroom (1916)
* The Moment Before (1916)
* Destiny's Toy (1916)
* A Case at Law (1917)
* A Girl Like That (1917)
* Heart's Desire (1917)
* Cassidy (1917)
* At First Sight (1917)
* We Should Worry (1918)
* Doing Their Bit (1918)
* Just for Tonight (1918)
* Madame Jealousy (1918)
* Peck's Bad Girl (1918)
* The Racing Strain (1918)
* The Bondage of Barbara (1919)
* Miss Crusoe (1919)
* One of the Finest (1919)
* The Peace of Roaring River (1919)
* A Man and His Money (1919)
* The Dark Star (1919)
* The Oakdale Affair (1919)
* The Deep Purple (1920)
* Man and Woman (1920)
* Legally Dead (1923)
* Ponjola (1923)
* Seven Keys to Baldpate (1925)
* The Blackbird (1926)
* Hard Boiled (1926)
* The Road to Mandalay (1926)
* The Show (1927)
* Let It Rain (1927)
* Wolf's Clothing (1927)
* After Midnight (1927)
* The Big City (1928)
* Fazil (1928)
* Shadows of the Night (1928)
* Square Crooks (1928)
* Outside the Law (1930)
* Shooting Straight (1930)
* The Squealer (1930)
* Sob Sister (1931)
* The Phantom of Crestwood (1932)
* Young America (1932)
* King Kong (1933)
* Broadway Bill (1934)
* Gentlemen Are Born (1934)
* Springtime for Henry (1934)
* Hell Bent for Love (1934)
* Here Comes the Groom (1934)
* Man on the Flying Trapeze (1935)
* Bad Boy (1935)
* Frisco Kid (1935)
* Red Hot Tires (1935)
* Mississippi (1935)
* Wanderer of the Wasteland (1935)
* Stolen Harmony (1935)
* The Jungle Princess (1936)
* Riffraff (1936)
* Hell-Ship Morgan (1936)
* Two-Fisted Gentleman (1936)
* Beware Spooks! (1939)
# St Edward's Church, Roath

St Edward's Church is a Church in Wales church in Penylan, Cardiff, South Wales. It is a daughter church of St Margaret's Church, Roath, the only one remaining in use after the closure of St Anne's in 2015.

## History
### Structure of 1915

A product of the Oxford Movement, St Edward's was originally constructed in 1915, as a tin tabernacle, one of several in Cardiff at the time. The original structure unconventionally faced the west (rather than the east as is usual in churches). It opened in March 1915. On 11 September 1919, between midnight and 1 am, the church was almost completely destroyed by a fire, believed to have been caused by an electrical fault. Although the church was reduced to a wreck, many of the objects inside survived the blaze, including the communion vessels and 240 chairs. The remains of the building were demolished in 1919.

### Structure of 1919

The Parish of Roath decided to reconstruct the building in memory of the fallen of the First World War. A chancel of brick with sandstone embellishments was built by Willmott and Smith, but funds ran short, causing the nave to be constructed of galvanised iron. The new structure, unlike its predecessor, faced the east. A new organ, lectern, and vestments were soon provided. The large east window was added in later years, and the pulpit was added in 1953, having been salvaged from All Souls Chapel in Cardiff Docks, which had closed in 1952.

### Reconstruction of 1968

By the late 1960s, the iron nave of the church had fallen into a poor condition. In 1968, it was removed and replaced in brick by the original architects of the 1919 structure (though the brick nave was somewhat shorter than the tin one).

### Extension of 1992

In 1992, a brick extension to the church was added, providing a small vestibule, a washroom and a schoolroom. Previously the Sunday school had been held in the vestry.

## Bell

After the 1919 rebuilding, a bell was installed in 1922. This had been made in 1815, and is thought to have been made from a cannon used in the Battle of Waterloo. In 2015, the bell was taken down during repairs to the chancel, but was found to be in a very poor condition, and the church could not comfortably afford the repair bill. It was duly put into storage. In 2016, it was replaced with a smaller bell (dating from 1816).

## Activities

St Edward's has a long musical tradition. It has its own resident orchestra, conducted by Alison Dite and holds a music festival each October. It has also houses exhibitions of art and drama performances.

## Gallery

* Church from Roath Brook Gardens
* Interior, facing the chancel in 2018
* Stone laid after the 1919 rebuild, dated 4 June 1921
* Wall panels made from the dismantled St Anne's pulpit
* The 1992 extension
# Clavus herberti

Clavus herberti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The length of the brownish orange shell attains 16.4 mm, its diameter 6.1 mm. The strongly patterned, claviform shell has a rather low spire and a proportionally large and blunt protoconch. It shows fine and numerous spiral threads.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off East London - S KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
# Mennander

Mennander is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl Fredrik Mennander (1712–1786), Swedish Lutheran archbishop
* Olli Mennander (1936–2012), Finnish diplomat
* Patrik Mennander (born 1976), Finnish singer
# Grant Leitch

Grant Leitch is a former professional footballer who played primarily as a winger. Leitch played 25 Football League games for Blackpool between 1991 and 1994, scoring one goal in the competition, and went on to play for Conference club Halifax Town.

## Honours

Blackpool
* Football League Fourth Division play-off winner: 1991-92
# Gragger (surname)

Gragger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anton Fritz Gragger (born c. 1920s), Austrian chess player
* Matthias Gragger [de] (born 2001), Austrian footballer
* Róbert Gragger (1887–1926), literary historian and philologist of Hungarian descent
# Merci Beaucoup

Merci Beaucoup may refer to:
* "Merci Beaucoup", a song by Pop Smoke from his 2021 album Faith
* "Merci Beaucoup", a 2001 song by Slick Idiot
# Classification Research Group

The Classification Research Group (CRG) was a significant contributor to classification research and theory in the field of library and information science in the latter half of the 20th century. It was formed in England in 1952 and was active until 1968. Informal meetings continued until 1990. Among its members were Derek Austin, Eric Coates, Jason Farradane, Robert Fairthorne, Douglas Foskett, Barbara Kyle, Derek Langridge, Jack Mills, Pauline Atherton Cochrane,Phyllis Richmond, Bernard Palmer, Jack Wells, and Brian Campbell Vickery. The group formed important principles on faceted classification and also worked on the theory of integrative levels.

## Publications

* 1955. The need for a faceted classification as the basis for all methods of information retrieval. Library Association Record, 57(7), 262-268.
* 1958. Classification Research Group Bulletin No. 4. Journal of Documentation, 14( 3), 136-143.
* 1959. Classification Research Group Bulletin No. 5. Journal of Documentation, 15(1), 39-57.
* 1961. Classification Research Group Bulletin No. 6. Journal of Documentation, 17(3), 156-172.
* 1962. Classification Research Group Bulletin No. 7. Journal of Documentation, 18( 2), 65-88.
* 1964. Classification Research Group Bulletin No. 8. Journal of Documentation, 20(3), 146-169.
* 1968. Classification Research Group Bulletin No. 9. Journal of Documentation, 24(4), 273-298.
* 1969. Classification and information control: Papers representing the work of the Classification Research Group during 1960-1968. London: Library Association.
# Claire Armstrong

Asteroids discovered: 1 :
| 44016 Jimmypage | 30 November 1997 |
| $^1$ with Mark Armstrong ||
Claire Armstrong is a British amateur astronomer. She is married to supernova hunter Mark Armstrong, and both work from Rolvenden (IAU code 960), Kent, England. The asteroid 15967 Clairearmstrong was named in her honour by its discoverer, her husband.
# Grapevine Canyon (Nevada)

Grapevine Canyon is located in the Bridge Canyon Wilderness Area and the Spirit Mountain Wilderness within Lake Mead National Recreation Area. The canyon contains the Grapevine Canyon Petroglyphs and is accessible from Nevada State Route 163 which leads to Lower Grapevine Canyon Road. During non-drought years, the canyon contains a fresh water spring. The spring provides water for shrubbery along its path.
While it was used by the Mohave people, the canyon may have served as a ritual location and for summer solstice observations. Various petroglyphs serve as evidence of use by the Mohave people
# Grapevine Airstrip

Grapevine Airstrip (FAA LID: 88AZ) (formerly E75) is a non-towered general aviation recreational airstrip located on the Tonto Basin District of the Tonto National Forest, 43 mi (37 nmi; 69 km) east of Scottsdale, Arizona in Roosevelt, a town in Gila County, Arizona, United States. The airstrip sits .25 mi (400 m) from the shore of Lake Roosevelt, one of Arizona's largest bodies of water.
First constructed in the 1950s and paved in the 1980s, the airstrip was closed by the United States Forest Service (USFS) on June 27, 1997. Starting in 2012 with approval of the USFS, volunteers from the Recreational Aviation Foundation and Arizona Pilots Association donated hundreds of volunteer hours over five years to bring Grapevine Airstrip to an operational status. It reopened on February 10, 2017.
Grapevine was officially charted as a private airport by agreement with the USFS, to ensure that no touch-and-go landings, training, or commercial operations are conducted at the airstrip. However, it is open to the public, and the Arizona Pilots Association holds regular fly-ins to the airstrip.

## Facilities

Grapevine Airstrip is at an elevation of 2,329 ft (710 m) above mean sea level. It has one asphalt concrete–paved runway:
* 17/35 measuring 3,800 ft × 40 ft (1,158 m × 12 m)
# Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway

The Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway (CCC&I) was formed from the merger of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad (CC&C) with the Bellefontaine Railway in 1868. The Bellefontaine had been formed by a merger of the Bellefontaine and Indiana Railroad and the Indianapolis, Pittsburgh and Cleveland Railroad in 1864. Two key figures in its construction were Cyrus Ball and Albert S. White.

## Genealogy

The predecessor railroads the CCC&I were:
* Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway
** Bellefontaine Railroad (1868)
*** Bellefontaine and Indiana Railroad (1864)
*** Indianapolis, Pittsburgh and Cleveland Railroad (1864)
**** Indianapolis and Bellefontaine Railroad (1855)
** Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad (1868)
*** Springfield, Mt. Vernon and Pittsburgh Railroad (1862)

## History

The CCC&I came into existence on May 16, 1868, as a merger of the Bellefontaine Railroad and the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad. At its inception it had 83 locomotives, 47 of which came from the CC&C and 36 from the Bellefontaine. It immediately began to build its own locomotives at its shops in Cleveland and Galion, Ohio, but also continued to buy engines from outside vendors.
After its formation, the CCC&I sought to make a connection to Cincinnati. This connection had never been realized by its predecessor line, the Cleveland Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad, which ran trains only between Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio. In 1871, the CCC&I made agreements to operate the Cincinnati and Springfield Railroad and its 16 engines between Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio. It also leased the Cincinnati, Sandusky and Cleveland Railroad between Dayton and Springfield, Ohio, finally providing a through route from Cleveland through Columbus to Cincinnati.
On July 23, 1882, the CCC&I acquired the Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad (I&SL) in a judicial sale. The St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute railroad, which the I&SL had leased, was included in the sale. The I&SL continued to be operated under its own name after the acquisition.
On July 1, 1889, the CCC&I merged with lines in Indiana and Illinois to form the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway, known as the Big Four Route. At the time of the merger, the CCC&I had 161 locomotives and the I&SL had 47. The Big Four eventually became a part of the New York Central Railroad.
# Merano (disambiguation)

Merano (German Meran) is a spa city and comune in South Tyrol, northern Italy.
Merano may also refer to:

## Surname

* Francesco Merano (1619–1657) Italian painter
* Giovanni Battista Merano (1632-1698) Italian painter
* Michelangelo Merano (1867–?) Italian painter

## Sport

* HC Merano, ice hockey team
* Merano Cup, figure skating competition
* Merano Open, tennis tournament
* Gran Premio Merano, horse race

## Similar spellings

* Marano (disambiguation)
* Murano (disambiguation)
* Meran (disambiguation)
# Claudia La Rocco

Claudia La Rocco is a poet, critic, and performer who works as a columnist for Artforum and writes about books and theater for The New York Times.

## Education

La Rocco graduated from Bowdoin College in 2000 with a degree in English.

## Career

La Rocco began her dance and theater critic career as a general arts writer for the Associated Press. Beginning in 2005, she joined The New York Times as their dance critic until 2013. She founded thePerformanceClub.org, which won a 2011 Creative Capital/Warhol Foundation Arts Writers Grant and focuses on criticism as a literary art form. She teaches at the School of Visual Arts MFA Art Criticism and Writing program.

## Publications

* 2014. The Best Most Useless Dress. Badlands Unlimited
* 2015. I Don't Poem: An Anthology of Painters. Off the Park Press
* 2015. Dancers, Buildings, People in the Streets. Danspace Project
# Clifton Hill, U.S. Virgin Islands

Clifton Hill is a settlement on the island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands.
# Clifton Township, Lyon County, Minnesota

Clifton Township is a township in Lyon County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 288 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Dudley is located within the township.
Clifton Township was organized in 1876.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.2 square miles (94 km$^2$), of which 36.1 square miles (93 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (0.19%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 288 people, 94 households, and 78 families residing in the township. The population density was 8.0 inhabitants per square mile (3.1/km$^2$). There were 101 housing units at an average density of 2.8 per square mile (1.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 94.44% White, 1.04% African American, 1.04% Native American and 3.47% Asian.
There were 94 households, out of which 45.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.4% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.0% were non-families. 10.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.34.
In the township the population was spread out, with 35.4% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $48,750, and the median income for a family was $51,250. Males had a median income of $35,750 versus $25,179 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,237. About 5.0% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 16.7% of those 65 or over.
# Clandestine Culture

Clandestine Culture (stylized as CLANDESTINE CULTURE) is an American contemporary artist working in Miami, Florida. His first solo gallery exhibition was in 2012.

## Early life

Clandestine Culture was born in 1970 and moved to Miami in the early 1990s.

## Career

Clandestine Culture began working as an urban artist in 2000, expressing strong social criticism and portraying taboo subjects often in disturbing or controversial ways. His works are produced in a variety of mediums, including paper, canvas, neon, and banners.
In 2012, he had his first solo show. He has had several group exhibitions.
In 2013, he took part at the Scope Art Fair during "Art Basel Miami Beach".
Culture has also produced street art. Large format images are painted on paper with latex paint, and are glued to walls using the wheatpaste method.
On July 20, 2013, Culture created the Banner Project, which raises or hangs flags around Miami as art installations. The first flag was raised over Julia Tuttle Causeway. The banner was 10 ft x 16 ft, constructed of synthetic fabric, and painted with latex paint. It featured a black and white image of a police officer in riot gear with a red "Clandestine Culture" logo stamped at the bottom. It was raised on high-mast lighting, at a height of 30 metres (98 ft). The flag remained for five days until it was removed by the Florida Highway Patrol.
In 2014, his second solo show was presented at the Gregg Shienbaum Fine Art gallery. He works in many different formats; from painting and sculpture to street art installations.
In summer 2014, another Banner Project took place at the Miami Marine Stadium. The size and materials were similar to the one used on Julia Tuttle Causeway the summer before.
In December 2014, Culture displayed another piece in front of the Miami Beach Convention Center during Art Basel Miami Beach in 2014.

## Exhibitions

* Gregg Shienbaum Fine Art gallery on October 12, 2012
* Gregg Shienbaum Fine Art gallery on May 8, 2014
# Meme (department)

Meme Division is a division in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. The department covers an area of 3,105 km$^2$ and as of 2005 had a total population of 326,734. The chief town of the division is Kumba.

## Subdivisions

The department is divided administratively into 3 districts and in turn into sub-districts and villages. Central Kumba is further divided into 3 sub-districts; Kumba I, Kumba II and Kumba III.

### Communes

| District | Capital | Area (km$^2$) |
| Konye | Konye | 978 |
| * Central Kumba | Kumba | 1,071 |
| Mbonge | Mbonge | 803 |
# Gravelton, Indiana

Gravelton is an unincorporated community in Elkhart and Kosciusko counties, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Gravelton was platted in 1876. The name likely refers to the presence of a gravel pit. A post office was established at Gravelton in 1876, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1906.
# Meredithville, Virginia

Meredithville is an unincorporated community located in Brunswick County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
St. Paul's Chapel School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
# Cloche

Cloche (French for "bell") or la cloche (French for "the bell") may refer to:
* Armoured cloche, bell-shaped turrets of the Maginot Line
* Battement en cloche, a classical ballet movement
* Bell (instrument), especially in music directions
* Cloche (agriculture), a covering for protecting plants from cold temperatures
* Cloche (tableware), a silver dish cover
* Cloche hat, a close-fitting women's hat
* Cloche Leythal Pastalia, a character in the videogame Ar tonelico II: Melody of Metafalica

## People

* Antonin Cloche (died 1720), Master of the Order of Preachers from 1686 to 1720
* James de la Cloche (1644?–1669?), an alleged would-be-illegitimate son of Charles II of England
* Maurice Cloche (1907–1990), French film director and producer
* Robert Cloche de La Malmaison (died 1717), French governor of Guadeloupe

## Places

* La Cloche Mountains, also called La Cloche Range, mountain range in Northern Ontario, Canada
* La Cloche Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada
* Fort La Cloche, historic Hudson's Bay Company post in Northern Ontario, Canada
# Grandoso

Grandoso is a locality located in the municipality of Boñar, in León province, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 40.

## Geography

Grandoso is located 51 km northeast of León, Spain.
# Memni

Mémni is a village in south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Alépé, Alépé Department, La Mé Region, Lagunes District.
Mémni was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Great Contraction

The Great Contraction, as characterized by economist Milton Friedman, was the recessionary period from 1929 until 1933, i.e., the early years of the Great Depression. The phrase was the title of a chapter in the 1963 book A Monetary History of the United States by Friedman and his fellow monetarist Anna Schwartz. The chapter was later published as a stand-alone book titled The Great Contraction, 1929–1933 in 1965. Both books are still in print from Princeton University Press, and some editions include as an appendix a speech honoring Friedman in which Federal Reserve Governor Ben Bernanke made this statement:
   Let me end my talk by abusing slightly my status as an official representative of the Federal Reserve. I would like to say to Milton and Anna: Regarding the Great Depression, you're right. We did it. We're very sorry. But thanks to you, we won't do it again.
   — Ben S. Bernanke
Friedman and Schwartz argued that the Federal Reserve could have lessened the severity of the Depression, but failed to exercise its role of managing the monetary system and ameliorating banking panics under Fed chairmen Roy A. Young and Eugene Meyer.
The Great Contraction is not to be confused with the Great Compression, which refers to a period beginning around 1940 when (according to some economists such as Paul Krugman) economic inequality declined due to progressive taxation and other policies of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration.
# Great Controversy

Great Controversy may refer to:
* The Great Controversy (book), a book by Ellen G. White
** Great Controversy theme, the Seventh-Day-Adventist theological concept
* Great Controversy (album), an album by Luciano
# Great Contemporaries

Great Contemporaries is a collection of 25 short biographical essays about famous people, written by Winston Churchill.
The original collection was published in 1937 and included 21 essays mainly written between 1928 and 1931. Four were added to the book in the 1939 edition, about Lord Fisher, Charles Stewart Parnell, Lord Baden-Powell and Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1941 the essays on Boris Savinkov and Leon Trotsky were removed from editions published at that time, since they had been opponents of Joseph Stalin, who as leader of Russia was now officially an ally of Britain against Germany in World War II, and the article on Roosevelt was removed in 1942 when America also became officially an ally of Britain with Roosevelt as president. The Odhams edition of 1947 reinstated the three essays after the war.
Other subjects of the essays were Earl of Rosebery, Kaiser Wilhelm II, George Bernard Shaw, Joseph Chamberlain, Sir John French, John Morley, Hindenburg, H. H. Asquith, Lawrence of Arabia, the Earl of Birkenhead, Marshal Foch, Alfonso XIII, Douglas Haig, Arthur James Balfour, Adolf Hitler, George Nathaniel Curzon, Philip Snowden, Georges Clemenceau, and George V.