OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Landworkers' Federation

The International Landworkers' Federation (ILF) was a global union federation bringing together trade unions representing agricultural and forestry workers.

## History

The federation was established in 1920 at a conference in Amsterdam, and set up its headquarters in Utrecht. In 1924, it relocated to Berlin, but returned to Utrecht in 1933. By 1925, it had 15 affiliates, with a total of 377,800 members, and by 1954 this had grown to more than 1,000,000 members, principally in Europe.
In 1960, the federation merged with the Plantation Workers International Federation, which mostly represented workers on plantations in poorer countries, forming the International Federation of Plantation and Agricultural Workers.

## Affiliates

In 1954, the following unions were affiliated to the federation:
| Union | Country | Affiliated membership |
| Agricultural Labourers' Union | Israel | 120,000 |
| Danish Gardeners' Union | Denmark | 5,213 |
| Danish General Workers' Union | Denmark | 35,000 |
| General Dutch Industrial Union of Agriculture | Netherlands | 39,800 |
| General Union of Workers in Building, Household and Related Occupations | Belgium | 2,000 |
| Horticulture, Agriculture and Forestry Union | West Germany | 115,000 |
| Italian Federation of Agricultural Employees and Labourers | Italy | 325,000 |
| Italian Union of Land Workers | Italy | 140,000 |
| Likomba Plantation Workers' Union | British Cameroons | 3,000 |
| National Agricultural Workers' Union | United States | 8,500 |
| National Federation of Free Agricultural Technicians and Employees | Italy | 4,000 |
| National Union of Agricultural Workers | United Kingdom | 135,000 |
| Norwegian Union of Forestry and Land Workers | Norway | 8,000 |
| Rural Workers' Union | Finland | 14,000 |
| Swedish Agricultural Workers' Union | Sweden | 41,171 |
| Transport and General Workers' Union | United Kingdom | 9,000 |
| Union of Agricultural Workers | France | 2,000 |
| Union of Commerce, Transport and Food | Switzerland | 1,300 |
| Union of Employees in Governmental Enterprises | Saarland | 236 |
| Union of Agricultural and Forestry Workers | Austria | 69,186 |

## Leadership
### General Secretaries

    1920: Piet Hiemstra
    1924: Georg Schmidt
    1933: Piet Hiemstra
    1938: Oscar Lewinsen
    1942: Walter Kwasnik
    1950: Adri de Ruijter

### Presidents

    1920: Walter Smith
    1924: Joseph Forbes Duncan
    1950: Edwin Gooch
# Tesfaye Gessesse

Tesfaye Gessesse (Amharic: ተስፋዬ ገሰሰ; 27 September 1937 – 16 December 2020) was an Ethiopian stage and film actor regarded as one of the most important exponents of Ethiopian modern theatre. During a career that spanned 40 years, he was an actor, director, and theatre administrator. He wrote and directed several plays which have a great relevance in the modern history of Ethiopian culture.

## Biography

Gessesse was born on 27 September 1937 in Guro Gutu in Hararghe state, in eastern Ethiopia. He started his theatre career in the 1950s as a young University student. His promise got him a scholarship at Northwestern University's theater school, in Evanston, Illinois, where he studied in the late 1950s.(Plastow, 94)
On returning to Ethiopia, he was a part of a small group of reformers, who in the 1960s turned theatre from an art form aimed at propagandizing for the aristocracy into a means for examining the political and social situation in Ethiopia. In 1960, he became associated with the Haile Selassie I theatre, which had been initially founded by Emperor Haile Selassie, primarily for his own entertainment, but whose direction was being changed to focus on everyday concerns by newly appointed director Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin and gained acclaim as a director. His early work Yeshi depicts the corruption of urban life, typified by its titular character, a prostitute who destroys the life of her lover.(Plastow, 96-98)
He became the General Director of Hager Fikir Theatre in 1974. In 1975, he was suspended and sent to prison by the newly installed Derg government after his play "Iqaw" which criticized state terrorism.
In 1976, Tsegaye, who had become the Director of the National Theatre in Addis Ababa was removed after demonstrations by theater workers. Gessesse was named the new Director.(Plastow, p154). His work continued to cause controversy as with his direction of Tsere Kolonialist as well as his own play, Tehaddiso (Renaissance), both of which deviated from the regime's preference for serious-minded realism. As Derg's hold tightened, its tolerance for these deviations lessened. Gessesse was fired from his post in 1979.(Plastow, 160-162) However, his fame allowed him a certain amount of leeway, which allowed him to be one of a few playwrights able to mount politically sensitive productions into the 1980s. His plays Cherchez Les Femmes' (1980) and Ferdu Leinante (The Judgement is for you, 1984) examined the use of fear as a means of control without directly criticizing the regime. (Plastow 224-225)
Gessesse died on 16 December 2020, at the age of 83 from COVID-19.
# Pukka

Pukka, an adulatory slang adjective, may refer to:

## Arts

* Pukka Orchestra, a Canadian new wave band in the 1980s
* Pukka or pucca, a category of Indian vernacular architecture

## Brands

* Pukka Pies, a United Kingdom foods manufacturer
* Pukka Herbs, an Ayurvedic herbal remedies company
* Pukka Electric MiniBike, a small, battery-powered vehicle

## Individuals

* Erkki Pukka, Finnish 1960s ski jumper
* Mikko Pukka, Finnish ice hockey defenceman
* Pukka, racehorse who won the 1925 Hobart Cup in Tasmania
# Toxocampinae

The Toxocampinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. Moths in the subfamily typically have a primitive form of genital claspers similar to those of some subfamilies of the Noctuidae.

## Taxonomy

Morphological analysis previously classified the subfamily as the tribe Toxocampini of the former subfamily Catocalinae within Erebidae. Phylogenetic analysis supports the subfamily as a clade within Erebidae but outside the Catocalinae (now called the Erebinae).

## Genera

* Anumeta
* Apopestes
* Autophila
* Lygephila
* Tathorhynchus
# USS Davis (DD-395)

The third USS Davis (DD-395) was a Somers-class destroyer in the United States Navy. She was named for Charles Henry Davis.
Davis was launched 30 July 1938 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine; sponsored by Miss E. Davis, granddaughter of Rear Admiral Davis; and commissioned 9 November 1938.

## History

Davis was assigned to Neutrality Patrol in the North Atlantic after World War II broke out in Europe 1 September 1939. On 13 November she sailed from Boston, Massachusetts for Galveston, Texas, from which she patrolled in the Gulf of Mexico and conducted training exercises until clearing for patrol duty on the west coast between 11 March 1940 and 26 April 1941. She returned to the Caribbean for patrol and escort duty.
Continuing to serve in the Caribbean, after the United States entered the war, Davis also sailed on escort and patrol off Recife, Brazil, occasionally voyaging to the southern ports of the United States to pick up men and cargo, or to join convoys. On 19 July 1942 she rescued 10 men from the torpedoed British sailing ship Glacier. She sailed from Recife 19 December 1943 for a blockade runner Burgenland (7 January 1944) whom she transferred to the authorities at Recife upon arrival 9 January.
Davis arrived in New York 15 April 1944 escorting Franklin (CV-13), and sailed for England 14 May as a convoy escort, arriving at Plymouth 25 May. On 5 June she was underway from Milford Haven, Wales, to join a convoy en route to Baie de la Seine for the invasion of Normandy. Davis arrived 7 June and five days later, while on patrol, repulsed a German E-boat (torpedo boat) attack. Returning to the Baie from Devonport, England, 21 June, with a support convoy, she hit a mine and was heavily damaged on the port quarter, and after emergency repairs departed two days later for the Isle of Portland, England. She continued to Charleston, South Carolina, arriving 11 August for permanent repairs.
Davis returned to convoy escort duty 26 December 1944 and until 21 June 1945 made four voyages between New York and English ports.
Arriving at Norfolk, Virginia 10 July, she remained there until decommissioned on 19 October 1945. She was sold on 24 November 1947.

## Honors

Davis received one battle star for World War II service.
# Renaud of Herbauges

Renaud (795–843) was Frankish Count of Herbauges, Count of Poitiers and Count of Nantes. His name is also spelled Rainaldus or Ragenold, and he is sometimes known as Reginald in English. He is referred to as Renaud of Aquitaine, but seems to have been a member of the Rorgonid family of Maine.
The County of Herbauges consisted of three pagi south of the Loire: Arballicus (Herbauges), Metallicus (the Mauges), and Teofalicus (Tiffauges) and was separate from the County of Poitou, of which Renaud also appears to have been Count. His appointment as Count is prior to July 835 when he appears in a battle against the Normans in Noirmoutier.

## Count of Nantes

After the death of Count Ricwin of Nantes at the Battle of Fontenay (841), he was appointed by Charles the Bald as Count of Nantes. This was at the expense of Lambert II of Nantes, who had fought for Charles at Fontenay, and was considered the legitimate heir of his father, the former Count Lambert I of Nantes. Disappointed in his ambitions, Lambert II broke with Charles the Bald and turned to Nominoe, Duke of Brittany, who was then in almost open revolt against the Franks. Nominoe and Lambert intended to join forces to capture Nantes.

## Invasion of Brittany

Having fortified Nantes, Renaud heard that Nominoe had been incapacitated by a serious illness. Renaud decided to take the initiative, by raiding into Breton territory. At the junction of the diocese of Alet and county of Nantes, on the Roman road of Angers Carhaix he surprised the Breton army led by Nominoe's son Prince Erispoe. At the Battle of Messac, Erispoe was initially defeated by Renaud. Shortly afterwards, however, the timely arrival of Lambert's troops allowed Erispoe to counter-attack in force, defeating Renaud. Renaud himself was killed the day afterwards, during the pursuit. The Bretons may also have been assisted by the Viking warlord Håstein, who is said to have personally killed Renaud. However, other sources assert that Lambert killed Renaud and that the Viking force arrived shortly afterwards, looking for plunder.

## Aftermath

The Vikings sacked Nantes and killed its bishop. Lambert occupied the town, but was unable to hold it. Renaud's son Hervé was killed in battle against Lambert a year later. Recent studies suggest that another of Renaud's sons Ragenold became Count of Herbauges, then Maine and Marquis of Neustria.
# Gamester

Gamester or The Gamester may refer to:
* The Gamester (Centlivre), a 1705 play by Susanna Centlivre
* The Gamester (Moore), a 1753 play by Edward Moore
* The Gamester (novel), a 1949 novel by Rafael Sabatini
* The Gamester (Shirley), a 1633 play by James Shirley
* The Gamesters, a 1920 American silent film
# Siphonochilus aethiopicus

Siphonochilus aethiopicus is a species of flowering plant in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It was first described by Georg August Schweinfurth and received its current name from Brian Laurence Burtt.
# Pabitra Kumar Giri

Pabitra Kumar Giri (1955 – 20 May 2010) was an Indian urban economist, who during 1998–2010, served as the Director of the Centre for Urban Economic Studies at the University of Calcutta in Kolkata, India.

## Education

He graduated from the Scottish Church College, and the University of Calcutta, from where he earned his doctorate in economics.

## Selected works
### Books

* The Flow of Resources in the Regional Economy of West Bengal: The Trends and Processes During 1960-61 to 1970-71 VDM Publishing, 2010 ISBN 978-3-639-24126-6

### Journal articles

* Urbanisation in West Bengal, 1951-1991 Economic and Political Weekly Vol - XXXIII No. 47-48, 21 November 1998
* Interaction between Trading Capital and Productive Capital in Agriculture-An Unexplained Reciprocity (with Debdas Banerjee) Economic and Political Weekly Vol - XIX No. 46, 17 November 1984

### Research projects

* Preparation of Long-term and Short-term Strategy of Howrah Development and Rejuvenation Plan (HDRP)
# Sanctuary on San Cristóbal Hill

The Sanctuary of the Immaculate Conception on San Cristóbal Hill is one of the principal places of worship for the Catholic Church of Chile, as well as being an icon of Santiago, Chile. It is notable in particular for a large statue of the Immaculate Conception, which is located at the summit of San Cristóbal Hill, some 863 meters above sea level.

## Sanctuary and statue

The statue of the Immaculate Conception measures 14 meters tall, and the pedestal on which it rests, 8.3 meters. It weighs 36,610 kilograms. On the pedestal there is a small chapel in which John Paul II prayed and blessed the city of Santiago on April 1, 1987. The statue is lit up at night by lights placed on its sides, allowing it to be viewed from all over Santiago both day and night.
At the foot of the statue there is an amphitheater for holding masses or other religious ceremonies. Near the statue, there is also a small chapel for praying. The statue can be reached via the road joining the Santiago Metropolitan Park, via the Funicular de Santiago or the Santiago Cable Car, which has its final station next to the sanctuary.
The statue is currently in good condition, and was given a thorough clean and repaint in early 2012.

## History

Before the arrival of the Spanish forces in Chile, the place where the shrine now stands was venerated by the indigenous population and known as Tupahue, meaning "Place of God" in Mapundungun. Some time after the founding of Santiago, a 10-meter cross was placed on the hill's summit, where it remained until the end of the 19th century. Popes Leo XIII and Pius X both proclaimed that during 1904, the 50th anniversary of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception would be celebrated. Answering this call to commemoration, the Archbishop of Santiago, Monsignor Mariano Casanova, asked the priest José Alejo Infante to coordinate a meeting of clergymen and lay people. It was at this meeting that Infante proposed and received approval for the construction of a Marian shrine.
The statue is believed to be a reproduction of the "Virgin of Rome" and was designed by Luigi Poletti and is a work by Giuseppe Obici. The French foundry Val D'Osne was commissioned to construct the statue by then Chilean ambassador to France, Enrique Salvador Sanfuentes. The statue cost 22,000 francs at the time.
The land on which the sanctuary was built was donated by the communities of the Recoleta Dominica church and the Saint Teresa Carmelites of Santiago. The first stone was placed on December 8, 1904, and the shrine was officially inaugurated on April 26, 1908. In 1987 it was visited by Pope John Paul II.
# Silvia Prochádzková

Silvia Prochádzková (born 6 April 1992) is a Slovak model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Slovenskej Republiky 2014 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2014 Competition.

## Early life

Silvia Prochádzková is a student at City University of Seattle in Bratislava.

## Pageantry
### Miss Universe Slovenskej Republiky 2014

Prochádzková was crowned as Miss Universe Slovenskej Republiky 2014 represented Bratislava.

### Miss Universe 2014

Prochádzková competed at Miss Universe 2014 but Unplaced
# US Chauvigny

Union Sportive Chauvinoise, known as US Chauvigny or just Chauvigny, is a football club based in Chauvigny, France. As of the 2021–22 season, it competes in the Championnat National 3, the fifth tier of the French football league system. The team's home matches are played at the Stade Gilbert Arnault.
Chauvigny was promoted to the Championnat National 3 for the first time in the club's history in 2018. In the eighth round of the 2021–22 Coupe de France, the club eliminated Ligue 2 side Le Havre on penalties. Chauvigny was eliminated from the competition following a 3–0 loss to Ligue 1 giants Marseille in the round of 32.
# The Children of Dynmouth

The Children of Dynmouth is a 1976 novel written by William Trevor. In 1976, it won the Whitbread Award.

## Plot summary

The plot follows Timothy Gedge, a socially inept yet intrusive teenage boy as he wanders around the dull seaside town of Dynmouth, spying on the town's residents. At first this behaviour is seen as merely annoying, even comical, until people begin to realise that his purpose may not be as innocent as initially thought.

## Television adaptation

Trevor adapted the novel into a screenplay for BBC Television's Screen Two series. It was directed by Peter Hammond, filmed on location in Sidmouth and broadcast on 19 April 1987. Timothy Gedge was played by Simon Fox, with John Bird, Avril Elgar, Peter Jones and Gary Raymond among the other members of the cast.
# Stultutragus poecilus

Stultutragus poecilus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1873.
# Ujmir

Ujmir is a village in Klina municipality, Kosovo. It is located south of the Klina River.

## Name

The name of the settlement translates to good water (Albanian: ujë-water, mirë-good).

## History

In the 1330 Chrysobulls of Dečani, the settlement is recorded as Ujnemir. During the Colonization of Kosovo 14 Serb and Montenegrin families settled in Ujmir.

## Demographics

There are 544 inhabitants in Ujmir as of 2011, 541 of them being Albanian, 1 being a Serb and 2 others.

## Notable People

* Petar of Koriša
# Sir Henry Cooke, 2nd Baronet

Sir Henry Cooke, 2nd Baronet (29 October 1633 – c. July 1689) was an English landowner.

## Early life

Cooke was born on 29 October 1633. He was the second son of Bryan Cooke, Esq. (c. 1573–1653) and Sarah (née Ryley) Cooke, a daughter of Henry Ryley of Doncaster. Among his siblings were Sir George Cooke, 1st Baronet; Sarah Cooke (wife of John Copley of Batley, Thomas Nevile of Thorney, and Christopher Ayscough of Kelsey); Bryan Cooke; Susan Cooke (wife of Charles Butler of Coates); and Margaret Cooke (wife of Acton Burnell of Winkburn). His father, the Mayor of Doncaster in 1630, was a Royalist during the English Civil War.

## Career

Upon the death of his unmarried elder brother in 1683, he succeeded to the Cooke Baronetcy, of Wheatley Hall in the County of York. The title had been created in the Baronetage of England on 10 May 1661 for his brother, with remainder to Henry, in recognition of their father's services during the Civil War.

## Personal life

He married Diana Butler (d. 1668), a daughter of Anthony Butler of Coates, Lincolnshire. Before her death in 1668, they were the parents of:
* Sir George Cooke, 3rd Baronet (1662–1732), who was MP for Aldborough who married Catherine Copley, a daughter of Sir Godfrey Copley, 1st Baronet, and sister of Sir Godfrey Copley, 2nd Baronet, in 1683.
* Catherine Cooke (1667–1704), who married Gervase Eyre, son of Anthony Eyre of Rampton, Nottinghamshire and Elizabeth Pakington (a daughter of Sir John Pakington, 2nd Baronet).
* Henry Cooke, who married Anne Eaton, daughter of Rev. Ralph Eaton, the Rector at Darfield.
After the death of his first wife, he married Anne Stanhope (d. 1686), a daughter of William Stanhope (half-brother to the 1st Earl of Chesterfield, both sons of Sir John Stanhope).
Sir Henry died in c. July 1689.

### Descendants

Through his son George, he was a grandfather of Sir Bryan Cooke, 4th Baronet (1684–1734), who represented East Retford in the House of Commons.
Through his daughter Catherine, he was a grandfather of Anthony Eyre (c. 1691–1748), who served as High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire.
# Scandinavia Philatelic Society

The Scandinavia Philatelic Society was founded in the United Kingdom in 1952 as the Scandinavian Collectors Club, to promote the collection of Stamps, Postcards and Postal History of greater Scandinavia. That is Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Greenland, Faroe Islands, Danish West Indies, Åland and Spitsbergen.

## Meetings

The Society holds regular meetings in the United Kingdom throughout the year and an AGM weekend, usually in the spring. These are informal events, visitors are welcome and dates are published on the website.

## Philatelic exhibitions

Members also exhibit at national exhibitions in Britain and international philatelic exhibitions around the world. The Society also attends exhibitions to promote Scandinavian philately, and new members are always welcome.

## Scandinavia contact

Scandinavia Philatelic Society publishes a magazine, Scandinavian Contact quarterly, with news, research and other articles for its members.

## Services

In addition, there are auctions of Scandinavian philatelic items. A packet service makes it possible for members to increase the size of their collections on an approval basis, paying for material bought and sending the rest on to the next member on the list. A number of such circuits exist, within the organization, catering for different interests and price brackets. Both stamps and Postal History are included.
The Society owns an extensive library from which members can borrow material for research purposes. A number of research publications relating to Scandinavian Mail have been published through the Society. Recent books include Spitzbergen Cruise Mail 1890 - 1914 and Finnish Fieldpost 1939 - 1945, both are available through the website.
# Clive Holmes

Clive Jefferson Holmes (born August 1939) was the founder of the Life Insurance Association and the co-founder of the Institute of Financial Planning

## Career

Holmes entered the financial services business in 1964 at a west London firm of insurance brokers. In 1966 he joined Abbey Life where he spent twenty years as a salesman and manager. He has cited seeing Ben Feldman speak at the 1971 Million Dollar Round Table conference as a key event in his life. In 1972 he founded the Life Insurance Association and in 1987 he was the co-founder of the Institute of Financial Planning.
In 2001 Holmes was appointed a non-executive director of Clifford Lockyer's now defunct Berkeley Berry Birch (BBB) but resigned shortly thereafter citing problems to do with his residency in the Republic of Ireland. The failure of BBB was partly attributed to problems with their regulator, the Financial Services Authority, arising from training of the BBB salesforce carried out by Holmes. BBB was publicly censured by the FSA over the misselling of whole of life policies and regular savings plans between 2001 and 2004. Holmes roundly denied that his training was the cause of misselling problems at BBB, citing compliance problems as the cause instead.
More recently Holmes was chairman of The Gateway Consortium Limited (Reg. No. 05001345), a company which was placed in liquidation in 2011 after an unexpected VAT bill for £400,000 on commission it received for the marketing of unregulated collective investment schemes (UCIS) to financial advisers.

## Outside business

Holmes is a trainer and master practitioner of Neuro Linguistic Programming. In 2006 he graduated from the Open University with a degree in history and has embarked on a PhD. He lives in Ireland at Comeragh House, Mahon Bridge, County Waterford, former home of explorer John Palliser.