OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Richard Easonsmith

John ("Jake") Richard Easonsmith DSO, MC (12 April 1909 – 16 November 1943) was a British Army soldier during World War II. He was killed in action on the Dodecanese island of Leros whilst commanding the Long Range Desert Group in 1943. W. B. Kennedy-Shaw described him as: "Brave, wise, with an uprightness that shamed lesser men, he was, I think, the finest man we ever had in the L.R.D.G."

## Early life

John Richard Easonsmith was born in Bristol, England, on 12 April 1909, the son of George Easonsmith, a printer, and Daisy Easonsmith. He received his education at Mill Hill School in London, and Clifton College, Bristol. After leaving school he joined W.D. and H.O. Wills a British tobacco importer and cigarette manufacturer in Bristol. Afterwards he entered the wine trade as a salesman with the Emu Australian Wine Company Limited. Recreationally he was a member and played for the Clifton Rugby Football Club. He married Honor Gertrude Marsh and together they had a daughter.

## Military career

On the outbreak of the World War II in September 1939, Easonsmith joined the 4th Battalion Gloucestershire Regiment, a Territorial Army unit, that subsequently was converted to the 66th Search Light Regiment Royal Artillery. By August 1940 he had been promoted to the rank of sergeant and recommended for a commission, at the same time transferring to the Royal Tank Regiment. Having completed his officer training he received a commission as a subaltern in July 1940, and was posted to Egypt to take part in the British Empire's North Africa Campaign in December 1940. In March 1941 he applied for a transfer into the behind-enemy-lines reconnaissance unit the Long Range Desert Group (LRDG).
In August he was promoted to the rank of captain. He took part in the LRDG's New Zealander 'R1' Patrol's mission to pick up a detachment of the Special Air Service Regiment after that regiment's failed "Operation Squatter" raid against Axis desert airfields in November 1941. In December 1941 he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry in action. Easonsmith led the Barce Raid. He was promoted to the rank of Major in October 1942, and in November 1942 was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. In October 1943 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and was appointed as the Commanding Officer of the Long Range Desert Group, as the unit left the North Africa theatre, and embarked upon the Dodecanese Campaign, landing on the island of Leros.

## Death

Easonsmith was killed in action at the age of 34 on 15 November 1943 during the Battle of Leros, when he was shot by a German sniper whilst carrying out a lone reconnaissance of a village. His body was buried in Leros War Cemetery, the gravestone bearing the inscription dedication drawn from Rupert Brooke's poem "The Soldier": "Some corner of a foreign field that is for ever England".
# Vincetoxicum tsaii

Vincetoxicum tsaii is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae first described in 1941. It is endemic to Yunnan Province in China.
The species is listed as vulnerable.
# Spring and Autumn Pavilions

22°40′56″N 120°17′34″E﻿ / ﻿22.68224956°N 120.292783°E﻿ / 22.68224956; 120.292783
The Spring and Autumn Pavilions (Chinese: 春秋閣; pinyin: Chūnqiū Gé) are a Taoist temple complex located on Lotus Lake in Zuoying District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Like the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas, the temple is special and unique. It was built in 1953 by Chi Ming palace, were two Chinese palace-style pavilions. The complex can be seen from the top of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas.

## History

Spring and Autumn Pavilions, also called "Spring and Autumn Royal Pavilion", got its name from the Spring Pavilion and Autumn Pavilion. It is a landmark that commemorates the martial saint Lord Kuan. It was selected as one of the country's top ten beauty spots. Each of the two towers is four stories high and octagonal in shape. With green tiles and yellow walls, they look like antique pagoda. There are thousands of turtles on a half-moon pond in front of the Spring and Autumn Pavilions. Looking left from the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas, visitors can see the Spring and Autumn Pavilions. Next to the two pavilions is the 5-mile Pavilion, and they are connected to each other by the Nine-Bend Bridge. The bridge's appearance is colorful and bright, and it is a good spot for viewing lotus in the summer. The Spring and Autumn Pavilions is surrounded by water that reflect the pavilions at sunset. There is a statue of Guanyin, the Goddess of Mercy, riding a dragon in front of the Spring and Autumn Pavilions. According to local legends, Guanyin riding a dragon appeared in the clouds and instructed her followers to build a representation of her between the two pavilions; therefore, now there is a statue of Guanyin riding a dragon.
# Richard Rhodes (disambiguation)

Richard Rhodes may refer to:
* Richard Rhodes (born 1937), American journalist and historian
* Richard Rhodes (sculptor) (born 1961), American sculptor
* Richard Rhodes (police commissioner) (born 1942), British politician
* Richard Rhodes Bristow (1838-1934), English clergyman
# Philip Rhinelander

Philip Rhinelander may refer to:
* Philip H. Rhinelander (1908–1987), philosopher at Stanford University
* Philip M. Rhinelander (1869–1939), bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania
# Shields, Wisconsin

Shields is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:
* Shields, Dodge County, Wisconsin, a town
* Shields, Marquette County, Wisconsin, a town
# Screen Award for Best Male Playback

The Screen Award for Best Male Playback singer is chosen by a distinguished panel of judges from the Indian Bollywood film industry and the winners are announced in January.

## Winners
### Most wins

| Winner | Number of wins | Years |
| Arijit Singh | 4 | 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019 |
| Sonu Nigam | 3 | 2002, 2005, 2006 |
| Sukhwinder Singh | 2 | 1999, 2000 |
| Rahat Fateh Ali Khan | 2 | 2010, 2011 |
| Udit Narayan | 2 | 1997, 2003 |

### List of winners

| Year | Winner | Song | Film |
| 1995 | Kumar Sanu | "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha" | 1942: A Love Story |
| 1996 | Hariharan | "Dil Ne Dil Se" | Haqeeqat |
| 1997 | Udit Narayan | "Aaye Ho Mere Zindagi Main" | Raja Hindustani |
| 1998 | Abhijeet Bhattacharya | "Main Koi Aisa Geet" | Yes Boss |
| 1999 | Sukhwinder Singh | "Chaiyya Chaiyya" | Dil Se.. |
| 2000 | Sukhwinder Singh | "Ramta Jogi" | Taal |
| 2001 | Lucky Ali | "Na Tum Jaano Na Hum" | Kaho Na Pyar Hai |
| 2002 | Sonu Nigam | "Tanhayi" | Dil Chahta Hai |
| 2003 | Udit Narayan | "Woh Chand Jaisi Ladki" | Devdas |
| 2004 | Kailash Kher | "Alla Ke Bande" | Waisa Bhi Hota Hai Part II |
| 2005 | Sonu Nigam | "Main Hoon Na" | Main Hoon Na |
| 2006 | Sonu Nigam | "Dheere Jalna" | Paheli |
| 2007 | Shaan | "Chand Sifarish" | Fanaa |
| 2008 | Soham Chakraborty | "In Dino" | Life In A... Metro |
| 2009 | KK | "Khuda Jaane" | Bachna Ae Haseeno |
| 2010 | Rahat Fateh Ali Khan | "Aaj Din Chadheya" | Love Aaj Kal |
| 2011 | Rahat Fateh Ali Khan | "Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji" | Ishqiya |
| 2012 | Mohit Chauhan | "Saadda Haq" "Phir Se Ud Chala" | Rockstar |
| 2013 | Javed Ali | "Ishaqzaade" | Ishaqzaade |
| 2014 | Arijit Singh | "Tum Hi Ho" | Aashiqui 2 |
| 2015 | Arijit Singh | "Muskurane" | CityLights |
| 2016 | Papon | "Moh Moh Ke Dhaage" | Dum Laga Ke Haisha |
| 2017 | Amit Mishra | "Bulleya" | Ae Dil Hai Mushkil |
| 2018 | Arijit Singh | "Zaalima" "Galti Se Mistake" | Raees Jagga Jasoos |
| 2019 | Arijit Singh | "Ae Watan" | Raazi |
| 2020 | Sachet Tandon | "Bekhayali" | Kabir Singh |
# Saribia ochracea

Saribia ochracea is a butterfly in the family Riodinidae. It is found in eastern Madagascar. The habitat consists of lowland forests.
# RNF26

Ring finger protein 26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF26 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this intronless gene contains a C3HC5 type of RING finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. The expression of this gene was found to be upregulated in cancer cell lines derived from different types of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
# Foursquare Gospel Church in Nigeria

The Foursquare Gospel Church in Nigeria, sometimes referred to as Foursquare Gospel Church, Yaba, is an evangelical Pentecostal Christian denomination founded on November 4, 1954 by Rev. H.J. Curtis & Mrs. Faye Curtis and their two sons. The organization is one of the largest churches in Nigeria, and claims 2064 branches in Nigeria. The church is affiliated with the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, headquartered in Los Angeles, California, United States.
The founding fathers of the Foursquare Gospel Church in Nigeria were 1st, Rev James Abayomi BOYEJO, Rev Odunaike Samuel Olusegun and Rev Friday Chinyere Osuwa.
The church's national headquarters are located at 62/66 Akinwunmi street, Yaba, Lagos. The church is headed by the General Overseer and Senior Pastor who is Rev. Sam Aboyeji.
# Loxanthocereus sextonianus

Loxanthocereus sextonianus is a species of Loxanthocereus found in Peru.

## Description

Loxanthocereus sextonianus grows as a shrub with mostly prostrate, underground shoots and reaches lengths of up to 1.5 meters with diameters of 3 centimeters with 13 ribs. The areoles on the stem are small and close together with thin, radiating spines are pink to yellow to brown. The spines are difficult to distinguish between central and radial spines. The 1 to 3 central spines are up to 3 centimeters long, the 8 to 30 radial spines are up to 5 millimeters long.
The heavily crooked, red flowers are 5 to 6 centimeters (rarely up to 8 centimeters) long. Its pericarpel and flower tube are loosely furred brown. The more or less spherical, green fruits reach a diameter of 1.5 to 2 centimeters.

## Distribution

Loxanthocereus sextonianus is widespread in the Peruvian regions of Ica, Ayacucho and Arequipa at altitudes of 200 to 1500 meters.

## Taxonomy

The first description as Erdisia sextoniana was made in 1936 by Curt Backeberg. Myron William Kimnach placed the species in the genus Borzicactus in 1960. Further nomenclature synonyms are Borzicactus sextonianus (Backeb.) Kimnach.(1931), Cereus sextonianus Backeb. (1933), Cleistocactus sextonianus (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt (2003), Echinopsis sextoniana (Backeb.) Mayta (2015).
# Spot: The Cool Adventure

Spot: The Cool Adventure is a 1992 platform game developed by Visual Concepts and published by Virgin Games for the Game Boy. It is a port of the NES game, M.C. Kids. The Game Boy version was released outside of Europe and was localized with the Cool Spot character as Spot: The Cool Adventure.
The game structure is based on M.C. Kids, although the map screen closely resembles Super Mario Bros. 3. Getting hit causes players to lose health. In addition to avoiding enemies, Spot can jump or collect blocks to help him reach hearts in other locations.
# Santana River (Paraná)

The Santana River is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil.
# Philip Revzin

Philip Revzin (born 1952) is a freelance writer as well as former publisher and head editor for The Wall Street Journal Europe and The Wall Street Journal Asia. Philip grew up in Chicago, and first started at The Wall Street Journal as a newspaper summer intern reporting while attending Stanford University in 1972. He worked as a reporter and editor for the Wall Street Journal for 31 years in various locations including New York, London, Paris, and Brussels. While at the Journal he interviewed world leaders including Margaret Thatcher, Francois Mitterrand, Jacques Chirac, and Lee Kwan Yew. After departing the Wall Street Journal he worked in book publishing with St. Martin's Press as a senior editor as well as an editor for Bloomberg News. In 2016 at the age of 64 he wrote and published his first book, Just One Before I Die A Cubs Fan’s Chronicle of a Championship Season. The book covers the Chicago Cubs' 2016 World Series winning season. Philip currently works as a freelance writer.
# Franco-Cantabrian region

The Franco-Cantabrian region (also Franco-Cantabric region) is a term applied in archaeology and history to refer to an area that stretches from Asturias, in northern Spain, to Aquitaine and Provence in Southern France. It includes the southern half of France and the northern strip of Spain looking at the Bay of Biscay (known as Cantabrian Sea in Spanish, hence the name).
This region shows intense homogeneity in the prehistorical record and possibly was the region of Europe with the densest population of humans during the Late Paleolithic. Vasco-Cantabria is part of the region, on the northern coast of Spain, covering similar areas to the adjacent modern regions of the Basque country and Cantabria.

## Archaeology

Successively, the region experienced the Chatelperronian, Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean, Magdalenian, Azilian, and post Azilian geometric cultures, with their respective cultural expressions, noticeably the most famous mural art. Solutrean, Magdalenian, and Azilian cultures evolved locally in this area.

## Glacial refugium and Late Glacial population expansion

The region may have been a major refugium for Paleolithic peoples during the Last Glacial Maximum, apparently playing a major role as source for the repopulation of Europe after that extremely cold period ended.
From an archaeological viewpoint, Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel has argued that "there are grounds for considering that the Aquitaine and French-Cantabrian refuge zone, may have been the principal source of Late Glacial re-colonization". His demographic simulations, based in archaeological data, suggest that it was the most densely populated region of Europe through all the Upper Paleolithic. Kieran O'Hara has suggested in his book Cave Art and Climate Change that climate controlled the Franco-Cantabrian cave depictions.

## Dissolution of the regional homogeneity in the Neolithic

The area became culturally divided between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic subareas during the Neolithic period, losing its homogeneity as the Eastern part strongly incorporated the Cardium pottery culture, while the Western remained less developed (subneolithic).

## Main sites

* Altamira, Cantabria, Spain
Important cave paintings
* Cave of Chufín, Cantabria, Spain
* Cave of El Castillo, Cantabria, Spain
* Cave of La Pasiega, Cantabria, Spain
* La Garma cave complex, Cantabria, Spain
* Tito Bustillo Cave, Asturias, Spain
* Santimamiñe, Basque Country, Spain
* Aurignac, Occitanie, France
* Les Trois Frères, Occitanie, France
* Lascaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
* La Madeleine, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
* Grotte Chauvet, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
# Scottbridge Construction Ltd v Wright

Scottbridge Construction Ltd v Wright [2002] ScotCS 285 is a UK labour law case regarding the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.

## Facts

Mr Wright was a night watchman and was required to work seven nights a week from 5pm to 7am at the employer's office in Glasgow. He got £210 a week. He was permitted to sleep during his shifts. He had been given a mattress. He could have done so for all but four hours. If he had been paid a minimum wage for all the time on duty he would have had an extra £142.80 a week and a total of £34272.20 by the time of his claim.
The Tribunal held that the four hours when Mr Wright was required to be awake was the relevant time, and so he should be paid for the work when he was on call. The EAT reversed the Tribunal and the case was appealed again.

## Judgment

Lord President Cullen held that NMWR 1999 regulation 15(1) did not apply to Mr Wright, and he should be paid for all the time spent at work, even if asleep. The contract was paid according to a reference by time work. It was held that r 15(1) only applied to time on call, and not the present case.
# Scottbreen

Scottbreen is a glacier in Wedel Jarlsberg Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier has a length of about 4.5 kilometers. It is located between Wijkanderberget and the ridge of Bohlinryggen, which separates Scottbreen from the glacier of Renardbreen.
# Field Guide: Northern Vehicles 2

Field Guide: Northern Vehicles 2 is a 1996 role-playing game supplement for Heavy Gear published by Dream Pod 9.

## Contents

Field Guide: Northern Vehicles 2 is a supplement which details both previously published and new mecha designs (called Heavy Gears) and conventional vehicles used by the Northern faction, as well as technical specifications, specialized variants, full color counters for tabletop play, record sheets, and illustrations for the Heavy Gears and vehicles.

## Reception

Jim Swallow reviewed Field Guide: Northern Vehicles 2 for Arcane magazine, rating it a 5 out of 10 overall. Swallow comments that "For the most part, the Field Guides are of the most use to wargamers using the Heavy Gear background, while roleplayers will likely see the mecha showcased here in the hands of NPCs and the enemy. Like most of the Heavy Gear material currently available, the books are produced with an eye to clarity and careful precision, and with a degree of modularity which means they don't have to be an essential purchase."
# Fight Club (disambiguation)

Fight Club is a 1999 film directed by David Fincher.
Fight Club may also refer to:
* fight club, an underground street fighting ring
* Fight Club (novel), a 1996 novel by Chuck Palahniuk on which Fincher's film is based
* Fight Club (video game), a 2004 video game based on the film
* Fight Club: Members Only, a 2006 Indian film
* "Fight Club" (The X-Files), a 2000 episode of The X-Files
* Eurosport Fight Club, a sport program broadcast by Eurosport
* "Fight Club", a song by Lights from Skin & Earth
* "Fight Club", a song by Violent J from The Shining
* Fight Club DC, a defunct skatepark in Washington, D.C., US
* The Fight Club, a Canadian MMA promoter
* Fight Club (2023 film), a 2023 Indian film
# Scrobipalpa scrobipalpulina

Scrobipalpa scrobipalpulina is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1967. It is found in northern Iran.
# Field goal percentage

Field goal percentage in basketball is the ratio of field goals made to field goals attempted. Its abbreviation is FG%. Although three-point field goal percentage is often calculated separately, three-point field goals are included in the general field goal percentage. Instead of using scales of 0 to 100%, the scale .000 to 1.000 is commonly used. A higher field goal percentage denotes higher efficiency. In basketball, a FG% of .500 (50%) or above is considered a good percentage, although this criterion does not apply equally to all positions. Guards usually have lower FG% than forwards and centers. Field goal percentage does not completely tell the skill of a player, but a low field goal percentage can indicate a poor offensive player or a player who takes many difficult shots. In the NBA, center Shaquille O'Neal had a high career FG% (around .580) because he played near the basket making many high percentage layups and dunks. Guard Allen Iverson often had a low FG% (around .420) because he took the bulk of his team's shot attempts, even with high difficulty shots.
The NBA career record for field goal percentage is held by DeAndre Jordan at 0.673. Currently, the highest field goal percentage record for a single season is 0.742 by New York Knicks center Mitchell Robinson which was set during the abbreviated 2019–20 season. Before Mitchell Robinson, NBA Hall of Fame player Wilt Chamberlain held the record from 1971-1972 to 2019-2020 with a season high field goal percentage of 0.727.
Field goal percentages were substantially lower in the NBA until the mid-to-late 1960s. For this reason, many early NBA stars have low field goal percentages, such as Bob Cousy at .375, and George Mikan, Bob Pettit, and Bill Russell, whose career field goal percentages of .404, .436, and .440, respectively, are much lower than later post players.
Three-point field goal percentage and free throw percentage are usually kept as additional statistics. Their abbreviations are 3FG% and FT%, respectively. A 3FG% of .400 and above is a very good percentage, while a FT% of .900 or above is well regarded.
# Souvanpheng Bouphanouvong

Souvanpheng Bouphanouvong is a Laotian politician. She is a member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. As of 2008, she was a representative of the National Assembly of Laos for the city of Vientiane (Constituency 1).
# Scyletria

Scyletria is a monotypic genus of North American sheet weavers containing the single species, Scyletria inflata. It was first described by S. C. Bishop & C. R. Crosby in 1938, and has only been found in Canada and the United States.
# South Street Bridge

South Street Bridge could refer to:
* South Street Bridge (Poultney, Vermont)
* South Street Bridge (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
# Ralph Balson

Ralph Balson (1890–1964) was an English born Australian artist. Balson was a leading figure in the modernist movement and is credited with holding the first solo exhibition of abstract work in Australia.
Balson, initially a plumber and house painter, migrated to Sydney when he was 23. He took up art in his spare time and, from 1934 to 1937, explored Cubist principles at the Crowely-Fizelle School. Introduced to works of Wassily Kandinsky, Fernand Léger, and Piet Mondrian, Balson began teaching abstract painting in 1949 and committed full-time to art in 1955. Influences from his travels in 1960 included Jackson Pollock, Alberto Burri, and Antoni Tapiès. His works are held by the National Gallery of Australia, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, and the National Gallery of Victoria.

## Early life

Balson was born in Bothenhampton, Dorset, England. After attending the village school he became an apprentice in 1903 to become a plumber and house painter. At the age of 23, Balson migrated to Sydney, Australia. In Sydney, 1914, he married Emilie Kathleen Austin at the All Saints Anglican Church, Woollahra. During this time, he supported his family by working as a house painter and took up art in his spare time. In March 1915 Balson applied to join the First Australian Imperial Force but was rejected on medical grounds for his eyesight.

## Career

In 1932, when Grace Crowley and Rah Fizelle established the Crowely-Fizelle School in George Street, Sydney Balson assisted by painting the premises. It was here that Balson painted from 1934 to 1937 and explored geometric Cubist principles of composition. The artists Eleonore Lange and Frank Hinder were responsible for introducing Balson to the work of Wassily Kandinsky, Fernand Léger and Piet Mondrian. In 1955 Balson retired from house painting and devoted himself to his art career. From 1949 to 1959 he taught abstract painting at East Sydney Technical College. In 1960 Balson traveled to Europe and the United States, visiting exhibitions of American minimalism and hard-edge abstraction. During this time he developed an appreciation for and was influenced by the work of Jackson Pollock, Alberto Burri and Antoni Tapiès.
Canberra Times critic, Geoffrey de Groen, wrote in 1975 that Balson's Portrait of Grace Crowley "painted in 1939 was very advanced then, and is much more daring than the countless thousands of boring portraits made since".

## Gallery collections

Twenty-six of his artworks from the 1930s to 1962 are held by the National Gallery of Australia. Eighteen of his works are in the collection of the Art Gallery of New South Wales, including his Girl in pink (1937) and examples of his pointillist style, Abstract (1956) and Painting no 9 (1959). Six paintings are held by the National Gallery of Victoria.