OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Docherty (politician)

Thomas Docherty (born 28 January 1975) is a British Labour Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dunfermline and West Fife from 2010 until 2015.

## Early life

Before becoming an MP, Docherty was an Account Director with a communications consultancy, having previously worked for Network Rail, BNFL and as a research assistant to Dunfermline West MSP Scott Barrie.

## Parliamentary career

Docherty was elected as the Member of Parliament for Dunfermline and West Fife in the May 2010 general election with a 5,470 majority. In 2011, he was a member of the special Select Committee set up to scrutinise the Bill that became the Armed Forces Act 2011. He was also a member of the Public Bill Committee for the Defence Reform Act 2014. Docherty proposed a Private Member's Bill aimed at banning discrimination against members of the Armed Forces and their families in 2014. The proposal was backed by shadow defence secretary Vernon Coaker but failed to progress Ed Miliband later suggested that a Labour government might introduce legislation along similar lines
Docherty also sat on the Administration Committee, Procedure Committee and the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee at various times during the 2010-15 Parliament He was a shadow minister with responsibility for environment, food and rural affairs between 2013 and 2014, and in 2014 was appointed Shadow Deputy Leader of the House of Commons.
Having previously worked in political lobbying, he proposed a private member's bill in early 2013 which would have required lobbyists to sign a public register and code of conduct He criticised the government's own plans when they were unveiled later that year for excluding law firms. After the government's Transparency of Lobbying, Non-party Campaigning and Trade Union Administration Bill passed, Docherty introduced a private member's bill aiming at repealing it.
In January 2015, Docherty wrote to Culture Secretary Sajid Javid on Holocaust Memorial Day, suggesting a debate over banning Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler. Docherty advocated for a national debate to put "limits on the freedom of expression." He said he didn't necessarily think it should be banned but thought it was important that such a debate took place.
Docherty was defeated at the 2015 general election, losing to Douglas Chapman, the Scottish National Party (SNP) candidate.

## Post parliamentary career

In January 2017, after Jamie Reed announced his resignation as MP for Copeland, Docherty put his name forward to stand in the following by-election, but was not selected.
In 2023, he was shortlisted to be the Labour prospective parliamentary candidate for Whitehaven and Workington in the 2024 general election, again failing to be selected.

## Personal life

Docherty has lived in Dunfermline with his wife Katie and their children and been a member of Dunfermline Round Table and supporter of Dunfermline Athletic F.C. He is a Roman Catholic.
# Thomas Throckmorton

Thomas Throckmorton may refer to:
* Thomas Throckmorton (died 1472), MP for Worcestershire 1447, 1449
* Thomas Throckmorton (died 1568), MP for Westbury and Heytesbury
* Sir Thomas Throckmorton (Gloucestershire MP), MP for Gloucestershire, 1589
* Thomas Throckmorton (died 1615), MP for Warwick and Warwickshire
* Thomas Throckmorton (died 1656), officer in the New Model Army executed in 1656
* Tom Bentley Throckmorton (1885–1961), American neurologist
# Shallow (Porcupine Tree song)

"Shallow" is a song by British progressive rock band Porcupine Tree, released in 2005 as the first single from the Deadwing album.

## Background

This single was released in February 2005 exclusively in the United States for radio broadcast purposes. The song managed to enter the Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, peaking at #26, without the help of any music video.
A European version of the single was first intended but rejected at the last minute, even though it had already started being manufactured. The band and their management asked to destroy all copies but a few made their way to the surface and were sold at some German and Polish stores. The management quickly bought all the remaining copies and sold them (signed only) at the shows for 40 Euro.
"Shallow" was featured in the movie and on the soundtrack for the film Four Brothers in which credits Colin Edwin curiously appears as Colin Balch; he is also credited under this name in the manuscript book for Deadwing.

## Personnel

* Steven Wilson – vocals, guitars, piano, keyboards, hammered dulcimer
* Richard Barbieri – keyboards, synthesizers
* Colin Edwin – bass guitars
* Gavin Harrison – drums, percussion

## Chart position

| Chart (2005) | Peak position |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 26 |
# Thomas Walsh (Irish politician)

Thomas Walsh (8 December 1901 – 14 July 1956) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Agriculture from 1951 to 1954. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency from 1948 to 1956. He also served as a Senator for the Agricultural Panel from 1943 to 1944.
He was born in Gowran, County Kilkenny, one of two sons and one daughter of James Walsh, a farmer, and Catherine Walsh (née Byrne). After early education at Patrician Brothers College, Mountrath, and Rockwell College, Cashel, County Tipperary, he attended Mountbellew Agricultural College, County Galway, on scholarship. In 1921 he was among the first students enrolled in the newly opened Pallaskenry Agricultural College, Pallaskenry, County Limerick. Raids on the college by the Black and Tans aroused in him strong nationalist sentiments.
Walsh first stood for election at the 1943 general election for the Kilkenny constituency but was not successful. He was subsequently elected to Seanad Éireann as a senator for the Agricultural Panel and served until 1944. He was again an unsuccessful candidate at the 1944 general election but was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1948 general election as a Fianna Fáil TD for the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency.
In 1951, he joined the cabinet of Éamon de Valera as Minister for Agriculture. Walsh died suddenly in 1956 in a road traffic accident, while still a member of the Dáil. The subsequent by-election was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Martin Medlar.
# Thompson Township, Guthrie County, Iowa

Thompson Township is a township in Guthrie County, Iowa, United States.
# Jan Pynas

Jan Symonsz. Pynas (1582, Alkmaar – 1631, Amsterdam), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

## Biography

According to Houbraken Jan and Jacob Pynas were good at landscapes and figures, but Jan was better than Jacob. Jan travelled to Italy in 1605 with Pieter Lastman where they spent several years practising art after the great Italian masters.
According to the RKD he was the brother of Jacob and he made two trips to Italy in 1605 and 1617 and it is not certain his brother accompanied him. In Rome he was friends with Adam Elsheimer, Pieter Lastman, and Jacob Ernst Thomann von Hagelstein. Jan's sister Meynsge married the artist Jan Tengnagel in 1611. He became the teacher of Bartholomeus Breenberg and Steven van Goor.
The works of the Pynas brothers are close in style to the painter Adam Elsheimer, and there has been a history of mis-attribution between the three, where both of the Pynas brothers are known to have signed their works "J. Pynas."
Jan died in Amsterdam; Jacob survived him by many years and is thought to have died in Delft.

## Selected works

* 1605 – Raising of Lazarus, (Aschaffenburg)
* 1610 – Moses Turning Water into Blood, (Rembrandthuis, Amsterdam)
* 1613 – Dismissal of Hagar, (Suermondt-Ludwig Museum, Aachen)
* 1618 – Jacob Being Shown Joseph’s Bloodstained Robe (Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg)
* 1618 – Joseph Selling Corn in Egypt, (London)
# Thomas Webel

Thomas Webel (born 27 July 1954) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

## Life and politics

Webel was born 1954 in Bad Pyrmont and became member of the CDU in 1990.
From 1990 to 2002 Webel was a member of the Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt, the legislative body of the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. Webel was chairman of the CDU in Saxony-Anhalt from 2004 to 2018.
Since 2011, Webel has been serving as State Ministry of Regional Development and Transport in the government of Minister-President Reiner Haseloff. As one of the state's representatives at the Bundesrat, he is a member of the Committee on Transport and of the Committee on Urban Development, Housing and Regional Planning. He is also a member of the German-Russian Friendship Group set up by the Bundesrat and the Russian Federation Council.

## Other activities

* Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Posts and Railway (BNetzA), Member of the Rail Infrastructure Advisory Council
# Thomas Weber (engineer)

Thomas Weber (born 26 May 1954) is a German engineer and former board member of Daimler AG (now Mercedes-Benz Group). From 2004 to 2016, he was responsible for Group Research and Mercedes-Benz Cars Development.

## Career

As of January 1, 2017, Thomas Weber's contract with Daimler AG was not renewed at his own request and he left the Board of Management. His position was filled by the Swedish manager Ola Källenius, who has been a member of the Board of Management of Daimler AG since January 1, 2015, and responsible for Mercedes-Benz Cars Sales.
Weber is a member of the National Electromobility Platform and is committed to the development of electric cars. He is also a senator and vice president at acatech – German Academy of Science and Engineering.
# Thor experiment

The Thor experiment aims to investigate electrical activity from thunderstorms and convection related to water vapour transport. The experiment is named as 'Thor' after the god of thunder, lightning and storms in Nordic mythology. The experiment is conducted by European Space Agency with a thundercloud imaging system 400 km above Earth.

## Details

The project analyses electrical activity of thunderstorms by using optical cameras on the International Space Station, ground observations of lightning, and meteorological satellite observations of cloud properties. It is very difficult to capture some of the most violent electric discharges from the ground because the atmosphere blocks radiation. From International Space Station, it will be able to aim the camera, to zoom in and follow interesting regions as the Space Station passes by. The project was initiated by the Danish ESA-astronaut, Andreas Mogensen, and has already delivered valuable data for climate research.
More specifically, it studies about the transport of water from the troposphere to the stratosphere, and circulation of the stratosphere and mesosphere driven by internal gravity waves. Convective processes of the troposphere affect the transport of water vapour—a green house gas, and its circulation in both the stratosphere and mesosphere. By analysing the processes that occur in these layers, can improve atmospheric models, and provide a better understanding of Earth's climate and weather. The experiment also studies how much water the cloud turrets can carry into the stratosphere, and how lightning influences their formation.
Thor analyses red sprites, blue and gigantic jets from the Space Station over Earth at night. Sprites appear as luminous reddish-orange flashes and last 20 milliseconds at most. They often occur in clusters within atmosphere above the troposphere at an altitude range of 50–90 km (31–56 mi). They were first photographed on July 6, 1989 by scientists from the University of Minnesota and have subsequently been captured in video recordings many thousands of times. Even though these were discovered only 20 years ago, they hold the key to comprehend the Earth's electrical circuitry that give rise to the storms and currents that churn up the atmosphere.
The images and detailed observations of the flashes were released to the public on January 9 in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
The Thor experience will team up with the Atmosphere-Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM) experiment on a platform outside the Columbus module in 2017. The ASIM experiment will attempt to observe two ultraviolet optical bands, as well as the X- and gamma-rays, a first for the Space Station.
# Shakubyoshi

The Shakubyoshi (kanji: 笏拍子; is a Japanese musical instrument consisting of two wooden slabs that are struck together. It is the oldest Japanese percussion instrument and is used to keep time in ancient genres tied to gagaku. Its dimensions are 36 centimetres in length, 2.4 centimetres in width at the base, 3.9 centimetres at the tip and 1 centimetre thickness on average. It is held at the base.
# James of Metz

James Metz was a fourteenth century philosopher and Dominican theologian.

## Biography

Very little is known about his life. It is not known when he was born or when he died, but what is known is that he was philosophically active in the first decade of the fourteenth century. Of his works that survived, much remains unedited, and only a dozen manuscript copies still exist. James was known as a Dominican theologian, which meant following the teachings of Saint Thomas Aquinas. However, he earned the reputation for being a "critical-Thomist," as he openly disagreed some of Aquinas's positions. One account of James describes him as an “eclectic thinker,” and that his works were partially influenced by Peter of Auvergne as well as Henry of Ghent.

## Work

The only philosophical work of James’s that is known for certain is that he gave two lectures on Peter Lombard’s Sentences. Presumably, these lectures occurred at the University of Paris, roughly from 1300-1306. An instance in which James did not see eye-to-eye with Aquinas was in regard to the way Aquinas described individuation by matter. Aquinas held the view that that matter is the principle of individuation. James, on the other hand, believed that form is the principle of individuation. Another disagreement between James and Aquinas concerned the process of knowledge, primarily knowledge of immaterial substances and knowledge of God. James’s views differed from those of Aquinas in that James attempted to find compatibility between Augustinian and Aristotelian accounts of knowledge. These disagreements with Aquinas warranted criticism from the Master General of Dominican Order, Hervaeus Natalis, as he wrote a doctrine called "A Correction of Brother James Metz." Concerning the divine essence, James held the view that it functioned as an origin, and that it “performs solely in relation to being.” James advocated that there is a duality to the divine essence. In one instance, it is a pure essence, the sole origin of our act and our being. In the second instance, James believed essence can also be seen as an attribute, and that it is the cause of specific actions.
# Sharpe's starling

Sharpe's starling (Pholia sharpii) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. It is monotypic in the genus Pholia.
The common name and Latin binomial name commemorate the British zoologist Richard Bowdler Sharpe.
# Thomas Welsh (swimmer)

Thomas Douglas Welsh (20 April 1933 – 19 November 2021) was a British swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He died in Johannesburg on 19 November 2021, at the age of 88.
# Jampa Lhakang Monastery

Jampa Lhakang Monastery (Nepali: जाम्पा लाकान्ग गुम्बा, Thubchen Gumba or Gompa), also called Maitreya Temple, is a Buddhist monastery located in Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang in Nepal. It was thought to be built in the 11th century AD but later verified to be built in the 15th century AD and contains the world's largest collection of mandalas painted on its walls. The earthquake of April 2015 severely damaged these paintings and 500-year-old frescos of the floors. The American Himalayan Foundation and Lo Gyalpo Jigme Cultural Conservation Foundation are helping to recover these damages.

## Gallery

* Main Entrance
# Thoracochromis brauschi

Thoracochromis brauschi is a species of cichlid endemic to the Fwa River in the Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo. This species can reach a length of 10.1 centimetres (4.0 in) TL.
# Thoracodorsal

Thoracodorsal may refer to:
* Thoracodorsal nerve
* Thoracodorsal artery
# Jano Chamtalay

Jano Chamtalay is an administrative unit, known as Union council, of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. District Swat has 7 Tehsils i.e. Khwazakhela, Kabal, Bahrain, Charbagh, Barikot, Babuzai and Matta. Jano Chamtalay is located in Tehsil Khwazakhela and includes small villages i.e. Jano, Chamtalay, chinkolai, Jaro, Babu, Mashkomai, Bihar and topsin. Each Tehsill comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 65 union councils in district Swat, 56 rural and 09 urban.
# Shears

Shears may refer to:

## Cutting devices

* Scissors, also called shears
* Hair-cutting shears
* Blade shears, typically used for shearing animals
* Grass shears, for lawn trimming
* Kitchen shears, scissors used in the kitchen for food preparation
* Pinking shears, scissors the blades of which are sawtoothed instead of straight; they leave a zigzag pattern instead of a straight edge
* Pruning shears, for cutting branches and stems
* Snips, for cutting metal
* Trauma shears, scissors used by emergency medical personnel to cut clothing

## People

* Albert Shears (1900–1954), English footballer
* Augustus Shears (1827–1911), English clergyman
* Curtis Shears (1901–1988), American Olympic fencer
* Ernest Shears (1849–1917), Anglican clergyman in South Africa
* George Shears (1890–1978), Major League Baseball pitcher
* Jake Shears (born 1978), lead vocalist for the American music group Scissor Sisters
* Philip James Shears (1887–1972), British Army officer
* Stevie Shears (born c. 1950), musician known for playing in English rock bands Tiger Lily and Ultravox
* Tara Shears (born 1969), English physicist
* Daniel Towers Shears (1784–1860), English coppersmith and inventor
* James Shears (c1750-1820), English coppersmith
* James Henry Shears (1788–1855), English coppersmith and entrepreneur

## In fiction

* Sally Shears (also known as Molly Millions), a recurring character in stories and novels written by William Gibson

## Other

* Shears (moth), European moth of the family Noctuidae
* Golden Shears, sheep shearing event
# Shearography

Shearography or Speckle pattern shearing interferometry is a measuring and testing method similar to holographic interferometry. It uses coherent light or coherent soundwaves to provide information about the quality of different materials in nondestructive testing, strain measurement, and vibration analysis. Shearography is extensively used in production and development in aerospace, wind rotor blades, automotive, and materials research areas. Advantages of shearography are the large area testing capabilities (up to 1 m$^2$ per minute), non-contact properties, its relative insensitivity to environmental disturbances, and its good performance on honeycomb materials, which is a big challenge for traditional nondestructive testing methods.

## Shearing function

When a surface area is illuminated with a highly coherent laser light, a stochastical interference pattern is created. This interference pattern is called a speckle, and is projected on a rigid camera's CCD chip. Analogous with Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), to obtain results from the speckle we need to compare it with a known reference light. Shearography uses the test object itself as the known reference; it shears the image so a double image is created. The superposition of the two images, a shear image, represents the surface of the test object at this unloaded state. This makes the method much less sensitive to external vibrations and noise. By applying a small load, the material will deform. A nonuniform material quality will generate a nonuniform movement of the surface of the test object. A new shearing image is recorded at the loaded state and is compared with the sheared image before load. If a flaw is present, it will be seen.

## Phase-shift technology

To increase the sensitivity of the measurement method, a real-time phase shift process is used in the sensor. This contains a stepping mirror that shifts the reference beam, which is then processed with a best fit-algorithm and presents the information in real time.

## Applications

The main applications are in composite nondestructive testing, where typical flaws are: Disbonds, Delaminations, Wrinkles, Porosity, Foreign objects, and Impact damages.
Industries where Shearography is used are: Aerospace, Space, Boats, Wind power, Automotive, Tires, and Art conservation.

## Inspection standards

The methodology of shearography is standardized by ASTM International:
* ASTM E2581-07, "Standard Practice for Shearography on Polymer Matrix Composites, Sandwich Core Materials and Filament Wound Pressure Vessel’s in Aerospace Applications"
The following NDT personnel certification documents contain references to shearography:
* BS EN 4179:2009
* NAS 410, 2008 Rev 3
* ASNT SNT-TC-1A, 2006 edition
* ASNT CP-105, 2006 edition
# Thrills Incorporated

Thrills Incorporated was an Australian science fiction magazine.

## Amazing Science Stories

Amazing Science Stories was a British science fiction magazine which published two undated issues in 1951. The publisher was Pemberton's, of Manchester; the editor was not identified, but may have been Stafford Pemberton. The contents included reprints from Thrills Incorporated, and also from Super Science Stories, which had had a British edition, published by Pemberton's.
# Thompson Okanagan Senior Lacrosse League

The Thompson Okanagan Senior Lacrosse League (TOSLL) is a men's Senior C amateur box lacrosse league sanctioned by the British Columbia Lacrosse Association in Canada. Originally formed in 1994 as the Interior Senior Lacrosse League, the name changed after 1999 to Thompson Xtreme Lacrosse League. Before the 2012 season the league again renamed to the current TOSLL.

## Teams

| Team | City/area | Arena | Joined |
| Armstrong Shamrocks | Armstrong, BC | Norval Arena | 1994 |
| Kamloops Rattlers | Kamloops, BC | Kamloops Memorial Arena | 2008 |
| Kelowna Raiders | Kelowna, BC | Rutland Arena | 2001 |
| Vernon Tigers | Vernon, BC | Kal Tire Place | 2019 |

### Former teams

* Kelowna Kodiaks/Warriors (1994-2002)
* Kelowna Raiders (2001-2017) - went on one-year hiatus in 2018
* Vernon Tigers/Royals (1994-2012)

## Champions

| Year | Winner | Finalist | Result |
| 2001 | Kelowna Warriors | Armstrong Shamrocks | 3-1 (best-of 5) |
| 2002 | Armstrong Shamrocks | Vernon Royals | 4-2 (best-of 7) |
| 2003 | Armstrong Shamrocks | Vernon Royals | 3-2 (best-of 5) |
| 2004 | Vernon Royals | Armstrong Shamrocks | 3-1 (best-of 5) |
| 2005 | Vernon Royals | Kelowna Raiders | 3-0 (best-of 5) |
| 2006 | Kelowna Raiders | Vernon Royals | 2-0 (best-of 3) |
| 2007 | Kelowna Raiders | Armstrong Shamrocks | 2-0 (best-of 3) |
| 2008 | Kelowna Raiders | Vernon Royals | |
| 2009 | Kelowna Raiders | Kamloops Rattlers | 2-0 (best-of 3) |
| 2010 | Kamloops Rattlers | Armstrong Shamrocks | 2-1 (best-of 3) |
| 2011 | Kelowna Raiders | Armstrong Shamrocks | 2-1 (best-of 3) |
| 2012 | Kelowna Raiders | Armstrong Shamrocks | 2-0 (best-of 3) |
| 2013 | Kelowna Raiders | Kamloops Rattlers | 2-0 (best-of 3) |
| 2014 | Kelowna Raiders | Armstrong Shamrocks | 2-0 (best-of 3) |
| 2015 | Armstrong Shamrocks | Kelowna Raiders | 2-1 (best-of 3) |
| 2016 | Armstrong Shamrocks | Kelowna Raiders | 2-0 (best-of 3) |
| 2017 | Armstrong Shamrocks | Kelowna Raiders | 3-0 (best-of 5) |
| 2018 | Armstrong Shamrocks | Kamloops Rattlers | 5-0 (season series) |
| 2019 | N/A - Covid | | |
| 2020 | N/A - Covid | | |
| 2022 | Kelowna Raiders | Kamloops Rattlers | 2-1 (Best of 3) |
| 2023 | Kelowna Raiders | Armstrong Shamrocks | 2-0 (best of 3) |