OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spartan Air Lines

Spartan Air Lines Ltd was a British private airline company, in the period 1933–1935. In 1933, it started operating passenger services from the London area to the Isle of Wight. In late 1935 it merged with United Airways Ltd to form British Airways Ltd.

## History

Spartan Air Lines Ltd was formed on 2 February 1933, as a subsidiary of Spartan Aircraft Ltd, to develop the use of its product the Spartan Cruiser. The company was financed by Whitehall Securities Ltd, and services to the Isle of Wight were to be operated in co-operation with private railway companies. The managing director was W.D.L. Roberts, with Harold Balfour and Alliott Verdon-Roe as fellow directors, and Mr P.W. Lynch-Blosse as chief pilot.
On 12 April 1933, the first service was started from Heston Aerodrome to Somerton (Cowes West) Aerodrome, Cowes, Isle of Wight, using three Spartan Cruisers.
After a winter break in scheduled operations, the airline moved to Croydon Aerodrome for the summer 1934 season, in collaboration with Railway Air Services.
In April 1935, Spartan Air Lines returned to Heston, operating services to both Cowes and Bembridge, again in collaboration with Railway Air Services. A sister company in the Spartan group, United Airways Ltd, had been formed in 1934 to operate connecting services from Heston to Hall Caine Airport, Isle of Man via Stanley Park Aerodrome (Blackpool) for the 1935 season.
On 30 September 1935, Spartan Air Lines and United Airways Limited merged to form Allied British Airways Ltd, which on 29 October 1935 was renamed British Airways Ltd. The new airline started operations on 1 January 1936, initially based at Heston.

## Fleet

From Jackson (1974), Doyle (2002)
| Type | Registration | Name | Notes |
| Spartan Three Seater | G-ABTR | | 1933–1935 |
| Spartan Cruiser I | G-ABTY | | 1933–1934 |
| Spartan Cruiser II | G-ACBM | | 1934–1935 |
| Spartan Cruiser II | G-ACDW | Faithful City | 1934 |
| Spartan Cruiser II | G-ACDX | Hampshire | 1933–1935 |
| Spartan Cruiser II | G-ACSM | Sussex | 1934–1935 |
| Spartan Cruiser II | G-ACVT | Middlesex | 1934–1935 |
| Spartan Cruiser II | G-ACZM | | 1934–1935 |
| Spartan Cruiser III | G-ACYK | | 1935 |
| Spartan Cruiser III | G-ACYL | | 1934–1935 |
| Spartan Cruiser III | G-ADEL | | 1935 |
| Spartan Cruiser III | G-ADEM | | 1935 |
| Saro A.19 Cloud | G-ABXW | Cloud of Iona | 1935 |
| DH.84 Dragon | G-ACNG | | 1935 |
| DH.84 Dragon | G-ACNI | | 1935 |
# Joseph Bracken

Joseph Bracken may refer to:
* Joseph A. Bracken (1930–2024), American philosopher and Catholic theologian
* Joseph Kevin Bracken (1852–1904), Irish local politician, Fenian and founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association
# José Carlos Ary dos Santos

José Carlos Pereira Ary dos Santos GOIH, better known as José Carlos Ary dos Santos, or simply Ary dos Santos (Lisbon, 7 December 1937 – Lisbon, 18 January 1984) was a Portuguese poet, lyricist, and poetry reader. He published his first book, A liturgia do sangue, in 1963, although his family had already published a book of his poems, Asas, against his will, when he was just 15.
Despite already being a published poet by the time he started writing lyrics, it is through his poetic contribution to popular music that he became well known to the Portuguese public. In his lyrics, many being satirical protest songs, an exalted passionate tone coexists with lyrical rapture.

## Life and work

Ary dos Santos was born on 7 December 1937 to a family belonging to the Lisbon upper middle class. His parents were Carlos Ary dos Santos and Maria Bárbara de Castro Pereira. His mother died when he was only 13 years old, something which made a deep impression on him.
When he was only 15, his family published a book of his poetry, Asas, against his will. In 1954, some of his poems were selected for Almeida Garrett Prize Anthology. As he rejected his earlier book, he would consider this his literary debut. At the age of 16, he left his family home. To make ends meet he worked odd jobs, including salesman, errand boy at the Sociedade Nacional de Fósforos, and clerk at the Casino Estoril, until he started his career in advertising. He continued writing poetry, and in 1963, he published the book he would consider his first, A liturgia do sangue.
While Ary dos Santos continued writing and publishing poetry his whole life, it was through his work as a lyricist, especially for satirical songs and for fado, he became well known to the Portuguese public. He is believed to have authored more than 600 lyrics, working with composers such as Nuno Nazareth Fernandes, Alain Oulman, José Mário Branco, Paulo de Carvalho, António Vitorino de Almeida, and Fernando Tordo. With Tordo in particular, he formed a very fruitful songwriting partnership. His lyrics were sung by the most well-respected Portuguese singers, such as Amália Rodrigues, Simone de Oliveira, Carlos do Carmo, Paulo de Carvalho and Fernando Tordo.
Ary dos Santos' public image is also connected to his participation as a lyricist in the RTP Song Festival. He participated multiple times, winning four times: in 1969 with A desfolhada, performed by Simone de Oliveira; in 1971 with Menina, performed by Tonicha; in 1973 with Tourada, performed by Fernando Tordo; and in 1977 with Portugal no coração, performed by Os amigos. The lyrics for A desfolhada were considered scandalous at the time due to the line "he who makes a child does so with pleasure".
Ary dos Santos died on 18 January 1984 of cirrhosis, as a result of his regular heavy drinking.

## Political views

Ary dos Santos was a life-long left-wing political activist and Communist Party supporter. In 1969 he supported the Democratic Electoral Commissions campaign and became a member of the Communist Party, then still illegal.
# Special Jury Prize (Sarajevo Film Festival)

The Special Jury Prize (Sarajevo Film Festival) is an award given at the Sarajevo Film Festival. It is considered the second place award next to the main award, the Heart of Sarajevo. It is awarded in two categories: feature film and documentary film. The Special Jury Prize for feature film is provided by agnès b., long-time partner and friend of Sarajevo Film Festival.

## Award winners
### Feature film

| Year | Film | Original title | Director(s) | Nationality |
| 2003 | Spare parts | Rezervni deli | Damjan Kozole | Slovenia |
| 2004 | A Wonderful Night in Split | Ta divna splitska noć | Arsen Anton Ostojić | Croatia |
| 2005 | The Kukum | Kukumi | Isa Qosja | Kosovo |
| 2006 | Mama i tata | Mama i tata | Faruk Lončarević | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 2007 | I Am from Titov Veles | Jas sum od Titov Veles | Teona Strugar Mitevska | Macedonia |
| 2008 | March | März | Klaus Händl | Austria |
| 2009 | Dogtooth | Kynodontas | Yorgos Lanthimos | Greece |
| 2010 | Tender Son: The Frankenstein Project | Szelíd teremtés: A Frankenstein-terv | Kornél Mundruczó | Hungary |
| 2011 | Avé | Avé | Konstantin Bojanov | Bulgaria |
| 2012 | Beyond the Hill | Tepenin Ardı | Emin Alper | Turkey |
| 2013 | A Stranger | Obrana i zaštita | Bobo Jelčić | Croatia |
| 2014 | Brides | Patardzlebi | Tinatin Kajrishvili | Georgia |
| 2015 | Son of Saul | Saul fia | László Nemes | Hungary |
| 2016 | Godless | Bezbog | Ralitza Petrova | Bulgaria |

### Documentary film

| Year | Film | Original title | Director(s) | Nationality |
| 2013 | The Cleaners | The Cleaners | Konstantinos Georgousis | Greece |
| 2014 | Judgement in Hungary | Judgement in Hungary | Eszter Hajdu | Hungary |
| 2015 | Tititá | Tititá | Tamás Almási | Hungary |
| 2016 | Scream for me Sarajevo | Scream for me Sarajevo | Tarik Hodžić | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 2017 | Kinders | Kinders | Arash T. Riahi | Austria |
| 2018 | Nine Month War | Kilenc hónap háború | László Csuja | Hungary |
| 2019 | Stack of Material | Gomila materijala | Sajra Subašić | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 2020 | Holy Father | Holy Father | Andrei Dăscălescu | Romania |
| 2021 | Atanasija | Atanasija | Boško Krljaš | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 2022 | Fragile memory | Fragile memory | Igor Ivanko | Ukraine |
| 2023 | Fairy Garden | Fairy Garden | Gergö Somogyvári | Hungary |
# Joseph A. Smith (artist)

Joseph Anthony Smith (born September 5, 1936), also known as Jos. A. Smith, is an American artist who is best known for illustrating children's books. He has been a professional artist since 1961 and served as Professor of Fine Arts at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, since 1962.
Smith started his career as an editorial illustrator and cartoonist before shifting to children's book illustration. His work is held in permanent collections at the US National Portrait Gallery, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and other museums and galleries. He participated in 20 solo exhibitions primarily at colleges and universities but also at Staten Island Museum, Huntington Museum of Art, and Samuel S. Fleisher Art Memorial.
His papers are held at the University of Connecticut Library's Archives and Special Collections in the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center.
# José Mariano Beristain

José Mariano Beristáin y Martín de Souza (22 May 1756 – 23 March 1817) was a Mexican bibliographer and author of one of the principal sources of knowledge of the bibliography of Mexico and Central America.

## Biography

Beristain was born in Puebla, Mexico, where he studied to become a secular priest. He completed his education in Spain, where he spent some time in the family of the former bishop of Puebla, then Archbishop of Toledo. Returning to Mexico (1811) he was made archdeacon of the Metropolitan church of Mexico (1813), and was afterwards its dean. He died in Mexico.

## Works

Beristain wrote a number of treatises, some of them on economic subjects, but hardly any were published, the manuscripts being mostly lost in sending them to Europe.
His magnum opus is the Biblioteca hispano-americana septentrional, the last part of which was published after his death. For this he used as a basis the Biblioteca mexicana of Bishop Juan José de Eguiara y Eguren of which only the first volume (as far as "J") appeared in print. Beristáin at first intended to republish Eguiara, completing the alphabet by means of sketches and notes left by the author, but, as he proceeded to carry out the idea, he found that it would be preferable to compose an independent bibliography, incorporating in it the material Eguiara had collected. Beristain's Biblioteca contains many errors in names and dates.
# Spectral Genomics

Spectral Genomics, Inc. was a technology spin-off company from Baylor College of Medicine, selling aCGH microarrays and related software.

## History

The company was founded in February 2000 by BCM technologies. Spectral licensed technology invented by its founders Alan Bradley, Ph.D., Wei-wen Cai, Ph.D.. The company raised $3.0 million in the first financing round in August 2001. In March 2004 the company raised additional $9.4 million in its second financing round. In March 2005, GE Healthcare became the exclusive distributor for Spectral Genomics's products outside of North America. Spectral Genomics was acquired by PerkinElmer in May 2006, ending GE's distribution agreement.
# Josh Ross (disambiguation)

Josh Ross (born 1996) is a Canadian country singer and songwriter.
Josh Ross may also refer to:
* Josh Ross (sprinter) (born 1981), Australian sprinter
* Josh Ross (American football) (born 1999), American football player
# Sphingnotus mirabilis

Sphingnotus mirabilis is a species of beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae.

## Description

Sphingnotus mirabilis can reach a length of 25–40 millimetres (0.98–1.57 in). Head, prothorax and elitra have a brilliant metallic blue colour. Elyra bears two trasversal whitish or azure bands.

## Distribution

This species can be found in New Guinea.

## List of subspecies

* Sphingnotus mirabilis admirabilis Kriesche, 1923
* Sphingnotus mirabilis keyensis Schwarzer, 1924
* Sphingnotus mirabilis mirabilis (Boisduval, 1835)
* Sphingnotus mirabilis mniszechi Perroud, 1855
* Sphingnotus mirabilis salomonum Breuning, 1945
* Sphingnotus mirabilis splendens Gressitt, 1984
# Turbina Balakovo

Turbina Balakovo is a Russian motorcycle speedway team based in Balakovo and who race in the Russian Speedway Championship.

## Stadium

The Trud Stadium, opened in 1963 and has a track circumference is 380 metres.

## History

The club began league speedway in 1964, shortly after the opening of the new stadium. The team raced as Kord Balakovo in the Soviet Union Championship, finishing runner-up in 1968 behind Bashkiria Ufa. The name Kord was taken from the Balakovo fiber materials plant, who manufactured many chemical products and launched the Kord-1 products in December 1962 and was unrelated to either the sports club of the same name and nearby Kord stadium.
The club ran two teams during 1967, with the second team going by the name Chemists Balakovo, also related to the chemical plant. From 1968 to 1971 the second team were known as Turbina Balakovo, named after the Saratov Hydroelectric Station that was in the process of construction at the time.
Following the completion of the station, the club ran just one team as Turbina Balakovo and proceeded to enjoy significant success. They won the Soviet Championship for six consecutive years from 1973 until 1978 and managed two more wins before the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Following the dissolution, the team struggled to compete with Mega-Lada Togliatti and Lukoil Oktyabrsky but from 2007, performances improved and the team won the Russian Team Speedway Championship four times from 2009 to 2020.
Additionally, the team competed in the defunct European Speedway Club Champions' Cup and won the event in 2010.
# José Domingo Jaramillo Urzúa

José Domingo Jaramillo Urzúa (July 25, 1851 – Nancagua, May 9, 1916) was a Chilean farmer and politician.

## Family

He was born on July 25, 1851, being the third of the five children of the marriage formed by ex-deputy owner Pedro José Jaramillo Niño and Mercedes Urzúa Correa.
He married Jesús Valderrama Lira, sister of the liberal politician José María Valderrama Lira, with whom he had three children: Mercedes, Armando, and Fernando; The latter would also be parliamentarians and ministers of state. Among his grandchildren is the former deputy, former senator, and former ambassador, Armando Jaramillo Lyon, member of the Liberal Party (PL).

## Public career

He dedicated himself to agricultural activities on his farm "El Cardal" in the commune of Nancagua, where he also served as mayor. He was elected deputy for San Fernando, for the legislative period 1897–1900; during his administration, he was a member of the Permanent Commission of War and Navy.
He died at his farm on May 9, 1916, at the age of 65.
# Turbonilla galapagensis

Turbonilla galapagensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Turffontein

Turffontein is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

## History

Prior to the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886, the suburb lay on land on one of the original farms called Turffontein. It became a suburb on 27 September 1886.

## Sports

It is home to Turffontein Racecourse, established in 1887 by the Johannesburg Turf Club.
# Sphaerocylichna

Sphaerocylichna is a genus of deepsea snails or bubble snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Cylichnidae, the canoe bubbles or chalice bubble snails.

## Species

Species within the genus Sphaerocylichna include:
* Sphaerocylichna incommoda
# Tuitama

Tuitama is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Tuitama Talalelei Tuitama, Samoan politician
* Willie Tuitama (born 1987), American football player
# Joux (disambiguation)

Joux is a commune in France.
Joux or de Joux may also refer to:
* Joux Valley, Switzerland
* Joux Lake, Switzerland
* JOUX-DTV 3kW, a channel of the Niigata Television Network 21
* La Joux, a frazione of La Thuile, Aosta Valley, Italy
* Antoine Joux (born 1967), French cryptographer
* Ferris de Joux (1935–2009), designer, engineer and constructor of sports cars
# Sphallopterus

Sphallopterus is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae. This genus has a single species, Sphallopterus batesi, found in Brazil.
# Viiri (shopping centre)

Kauppakeskus Viiri is a shopping mall in the southeast part of Klaukkala, Finland. It is the largest shopping centre in the Nurmijärvi municipality.
The mall is divided into Big Viiri (Isoviiri) and Little Viiri (Pikkuviiri). In the spring, the Viiri Fair (Viirin Messut) is held annually in the shopping center. The fair has companies from the shopping center, as well as other stakeholders and sports clubs.
An extension, including a Prisma hypermarket, and a new market were planned for the mall. These were to be realized with the construction of the Viirinlaakso area, but HOK-Elanto withdrew from the project and moved Klaukkala's old S-market to a nearby retail space.

## Stores
### Big Viiri

* K-Citymarket
* Alko
* Euronics/Klaukkalan Pörssi
* Kultajousi
* Klaukkalan Apteekki
* Mandy Fashion
* Huoltopulssi
* Hieronta Lehto
* Kiinteistömaailma
* Keto-Orvokki
* Nahkari
* Valokuvaamo Vanhatalo
* Viirinhius
* Pussukka
* Fit24 Express

#### Restaurants and cafés

* Cafe Viiri, a coffeehouse
* Ararat, pizzeria and restaurant
* Yang's, restaurant

### Little Viiri

* Team Sportia, a sports equipment store
* Klaukkalan ja Uudenmaan ajo-opisto, a driving school
# Snowbombing

Snowbombing is a ski resort festival, held annually in the spring at the Austrian ski resort of Mayrhofen.

## History

The event has been run since 2000 when it was first held at the French resort of Risoul as an après-ski nightclub promotional exercise started by English promoters from Manchester called Outgoing Ltd. However, since 2005, the Tyrolean resort of Mayrhofen in Austria has hosted the festival which has evolved into Europe's biggest snow and music festival. Originally a DJ and electronic dance music-themed event, live acts were added to the bill in 2008, reflecting the resurgence of indie/rock music. The event's format is designed to combine winter sports (primarily snowboarding) with on-piste and après-ski music performances and themed parties in unusual locations, including an igloo village (pictured), a forest clearing, a traditional remote alpine farmstead and an open-air street party.
Artists who have appeared at Snowbombing include Fatboy Slim, Madness, Pendulum, Example, Magnetic Man, Sub Focus, Tinie Tempah, Chase & Status, Skream & Benga, Mark Ronson, Dizzee Rascal, Dirty Pretty Things, Grandmaster Flash, Foals, 2ManyDJs, The Enemy, Zane Lowe, Freestylers, Mylo, Dave Clarke, Gilles Peterson, Fabio, Grooverider, Tim Westwood, The Prodigy, The Vaccines, Skrillex, Pendulum, The Doves, The Cuban Brothers, Ton!c and James Zabiela.
The event is also notable for giving those who attend an alternative to flying. The Snowbombing Road Trip is not a race but a leisurely international drive from the UK to Mayrhofen, involving collecting points en route, an overnight 'pit stop' in Frankfurt, and an arrival procession in Mayrhofen – which declares the event open.
With around fifty pools and saunas within easy reach, and a backdrop of breathtaking alpine scenery, Snowbombing regards itself as a festival which, in addition to music, additionally offers luxury and comfort. European television channels and radio Another broadcasters have covered the event, including BBC Radio 1, Channel 4, Eurosport, Canal+ and MTV Europe.

## Previous host resorts

* 2005 to present: Mayrhofen, Austria
* 2004: Les Arcs, France
* 2002-2003: Villars, Switzerland
* 2000-2001: Risoul, France
# Samuel George William Archibald

Samuel George William Archibald QC (February 5, 1777 – January 28, 1846) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Halifax County from 1806 to 1836 and Colchester County from 1836 to 1841 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. He supported the Royal Acadian School.
He was born Samuel George Washington Archibald in Truro, Nova Scotia, the son of Samuel Archibald and Rachel Todd. His grandfather David Archibald, an immigrant from Ulster, was one of the founders of Truro, and raised the boy after the death of his father in 1780. At the age of 15, he went to Massachusetts for further education, returning four years later. After his return, he studied law with Simon Bradstreet Robie. In 1802, he married Elizabeth Dickson, daughter of Charles Dickson and Amelia Bishop, the sister of Robert, William, Thomas Dickson. Later that year, he became probate judge for Colchester and Pictou districts. In 1805, Archibald was admitted to practice as an attorney and barrister. Archibald was named King's Counsel in 1817. In 1818, he was surrogate general for the colony's vice admiralty court.
In 1819, he unsuccessfully prosecuted Richard John Uniacke, Jr. who took part in the last fatal duel in Nova Scotia, which led to the death of merchant William Bowie. Archibald set up an oat mill in Truro in 1822. Archibald also served as Chief Justice of Prince Edward Island from 1824 to 1828, although he never resided on the island. He was speaker for the legislative assembly from 1824 to 1841. In 1826, he was named solicitor general for Nova Scotia. In 1830, Archibald was named acting attorney general after the death of Richard John Uniacke. He married Joanna Brinley in 1832, two years after the death of his first wife. He suffered a stroke in 1836 which left him for a time with paralysis of his facial muscles and difficulty speaking. In 1841, he was named master of the rolls and resigned his seat in the assembly. Archibald died in Halifax in 1846 of a severe stroke.
His son Charles Dickson also served in the legislative assembly and his son Edward Mortimer became a lawyer and office-holder in Newfoundland.
Nova Scotian artist William Valentine painted Archibald's portrait.
# Crataegus orientalis

Crataegus orientalis, known as oriental hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn native to the Mediterranean region, Turkey, Caucasia, Crimea, and western Iran, with fruits that are orange or various shades of red.
This species is highly variable. Knud Ib Christensen in his monograph divides it into four subspecies:
* C. orientalis subsp. orientalis
* C. orientalis subsp. pojarkovae (Kossych) Byatt has orange fruit.
* C. orientalis subsp. presliana K.I.Chr.
* C. orientalis subsp. szovitsii (Pojarkova) K.I.Chr.

## Uses
### Culinary uses

In Caucasia the fruits are either eaten raw or used to make a type of sweet bread.
# Slovakia at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

28 athletes (23 men and 5 women) from Slovakia competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Anton Sluka | Athletics | Men's marathon T12 |
| Gold | Andrej Zaťko | Swimming | Men's 50m butterfly S3 |
| Silver | Pavel Takac Miroslav Jambor | Cycling | Men's 200m sprint tandem open |
| Silver | Margita Prokeinova | Swimming | Women's 50m butterfly S7 |
| Silver | Ladislav Gaspar | Table tennis | Men's open 6-10 |
| Bronze | Frantisek Godri | Athletics | Men's pentathlon P11 |
| Bronze | Andrej Zaťko | Swimming | Men's 50m breaststroke SB2 |
| Bronze | Margita Prokeinova | Swimming | Women's 50m freestyle S7 |
| Bronze | Ladislav Gaspar | Table tennis | Men's singles 9 |
| Bronze | Ladislav Gaspar Emil Dovalovszki | Table tennis | Men's teams 9-10 |