OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Horace Avory

Sir Horace Edmund Avory (31 August 1851 – 13 June 1935) was an English barrister and High Court judge.

## Biography

He was the son of Henry Avory, clerk of the Central Criminal Court. He was educated at King's College London, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he was captain of boats and took the degree of LL.B. in 1874. He became a barrister of the Inner Temple in 1875 and married Maria Louisa Castle in 1877. He was elected bencher in 1908 and was knighted and made a judge, later to become a senior judge, of the King's Bench division in 1910. He received a Hon.D.LL. degree in 1911 and was made treasurer in 1929. He died at Rye, East Sussex.
Avory was one of the most noted English criminal lawyers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was involved in many sensational trials and became a household word as the most dreaded "hanging judge" of his age. He was called "thin-lipped, cold, utterly unemotional, silent, and humourless, and relentless towards lying witnesses and brutal criminals" and "impervious to bluff and merciless to perjury". He was nicknamed "The Acid Drop" in legal circles, due to his caustic wit in court. In private life, however, he showed a different face.
Famous cases in which he appeared to include the trials of Adolf Beck, Sir Roger Casement, Oscar Wilde (as prosecuting counsel), Jean-Pierre Vaquier, Patrick Mahon, Robert Coombes and Clarence Hatry. His prosecution of Adolf Beck contributed to one of the most significant miscarriages of justice in English legal history. Beck was wrongly identified by ten women as a swindler and was sentenced to seven years.
In recognition of his achievements, both Corpus Christi College (Cambridge), and the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple have student scholarships in the name of Horace Avory.
A portrait in oils by Charles Freegrove Winzer is owned by Corpus Christi.

## Death

According to Time magazine's report of his death, "Avory had gone for a chill walk during his Whitsuntide holiday. That night an old friend, the Lord Chief Justice of England, Lord Hewart, called and as a precaution ordered two hot water bottles and personally tucked the Hanging Judge into bed. During the night he rolled off onto the floor, was found next morning entangled in a snarl of sheets and blankets, dead of heart failure and pernicious anemia."
# Horace B. Davis

Horace Bancroft Davis (August 15, 1898- June 28, 1999) was an American left-wing journalist and academic. Davis was born in 1898 in Newport, Rhode Island and began studied at Harvard University prior to the outbreak of World War I. He refused to serve in the war and obtained conscientious objector status. Instead of fighting, he left Harvard and volunteered with the recently formed American Friends Service Committee. Returning to Harvard, he graduated with a B.A. in 1921 and went to work as a steelworker. Before returning to receive his Ph.D. Davis taught at Southwestern College in Memphis, Tennessee from 1929 to 1930 and then wrote for the labor news agency Federated Press before returning to school. In 1934, he graduated from Columbia University with a Ph.D.
Leaving Columbia for Brazil, Davis moved to São Paulo from 1933 to 1934 and taught at the Fundação Escola de Sociologia e Política, which later became part of the University of São Paulo before returning to the United States. He joined the faculty at Simmons College in Boston from 1936 to 1941. During World War II, he conducted research on behalf of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. In 1947, Davis was hired as an associate professor of economics at University of Missouri–Kansas City. Six years later in 1953, the anti-communist United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security subpoenaed Davis to testify because of suspected membership in Communist Party USA. He refused to testify and cited his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. However, he was then fired by UMKC and blacklisted. From 1955 to 1957, he began teaching at historically black Benedict College in South Carolina. In 1963, Davis was hired at the newly founded University of Guyana, where he stayed until 1966 and eventually became a dean. He retired from academia in 1968 but continued publishing work until 1978.
Davis' son, Horace Chandler Davis, was born in 1926 and became a leading mathematician. Like his father, he also refused to testify when he was called before House Un-American Activities Committee and spent six months in prison.
He died shortly before his 101st birthday on June 28, 1999, at Illinois Masonic Medical Center.

## Publications

Source:
* The Condition of Labor in the American Iron and Steel Industry [i.e., Labor and Steel] (based on the author's Columbia University Ph.D. thesis), International Publishers, 1933.
* Labor and Steel, International Publishers, 1933.
* NRA: Fascismo e communismo, Edicoes Nosso Livro, 1934.
* Shoes: The Workers and the Industry, International Publishers, 1940.
* Nationalism & Socialism: Marxist and Labor Theories of Nationalism to 1917, Monthly Review, 1967.
* (Editor and translator) Rosa Luxemburg, The National Question: Selected Writings, Monthly Review Press, 1976.
* Towards a Marxist Theory of Nationalism, Monthly Review Press, 1978.
# Rémilly–Saarbrücken railway

The railway from Rémilly to Saarbrücken is a French and German 55-kilometre long railway line, that connects the French Grand Est region to the German city Saarbrücken. The railway was opened between 1851 and 1852. It is part of the international railway connection between Paris and Frankfurt am Main.

## Route

The line branches off the Metz–Réding railway at Rémilly, and leaves it in a northeasterly direction. It crosses the industrial area around Saint-Avold and Forbach. It passes the German border, crosses the river Saar and joins the line from Trier to Saarbrücken after about 55 km.

### Main stations

The main stations on the Rémilly–Saarbrücken railway are:
* Gare de Rémilly
* Gare de Forbach
* Saarbrücken Hauptbahnhof

## Services

The Rémilly–Saarbrücken railway is used by the following passenger services:
* Intercity-Express from Paris to Frankfurt am Main
* TER Grand Est regional services
# Homer Ramsdell

Homer Ramsdell (August 12, 1810 – February 13, 1894) was an American business man, known as president of the Erie Railroad from 1853 to 1857 as successor of Benjamin Loder.

## Biography

Ramsdell, in the 19th century one of the foremost citizen of Newburgh, New York, was born at Warren, Massachusetts, August 12, 1810. His father was Joseph Ramsdell. the fourth of that name in descent from Joseph and Martha (Bowker) Ramsdell, who emigrated from England to Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1643. His mother was Ruth Stockbridge, of Hanover, Massachusetts, a descendant of John Stockbridge, who came from England in 1638. They were married at Hanover February 3, 1800, and moved to Warren, where the following children were born: Joseph, Mary and Homer.
In 1829, Ramsdell went to New York City, where he was employed in a dry goods store on Maiden Lane. Three years later he began business under the firm name of Ramsdell & Brown, dealers in silks and fancy white goods. On June 16, 1835, Ramsdell was married to Frances E. L. Powell, daughter of Thomas Powell, a prominent businessman of Newburgh.
Ramsdell continued his mercantile career until 1840, when he took up his permanent residence in Newburgh, superintending the various interests of his father-in-law, Thomas Powell, who was engaged in shipping and banking business there. In 1844 Ramsdell became a member of the firm of Thomas Powell & Co., and thenceforth until Powell's death in 1856 he was largely the administrator of Powell's affairs. By purchase and consolidation Ramsdell added other forwarding lines to his enterprises and soon stood at the head of the transportation business on the Hudson River.
Ramsdell was associated with the Erie Railroad, and in 1845 he was elected a member of the board of directors of that corporation. In 1853 he was chosen president of the company, in which position he promoted Daniel McCallum General superintendent. He resigned the office in July, 1857. He was intimately identified with the various local institutions of Newburgh and a prompt contributor to all progressive and elevating movements of his day. In 1887 the Hudson River steamboat Homer Ramsdell was named after him.

## Personal life

Homer and Frances Ramsdell had the following children:
* Mary Ludlow Powell (b. 1836)
* Frances Josephine Ramsdell (b. 1838), widow of Major George W. Rains;
* Thomas Powell (b. 1840–91)
* James A. P. Ramsdell
* H. Powell Ramsdell (b. 1844–1934)
* Homer Stockbridge Ramsdell (b. 1851–1930).
* Leila Rains Ramsdell (b. 1856)

## Selected publications

* "Report of the President of the New York and Erie Railroad to the Stockholders, for the Year Ending September 30" in: Annual Report. New York and Erie Railroad Company, 1856. p. 5-19
# Horadam

Horadam is a surname. Notable people with this name include:
* David Horadam (1883–1915), Australian rugby player
* Eleanor Mollie Horadam (1921–2002), English-Australian mathematician, mother of Kathy
* Ernst Horadam [de] (1883–1956), leader of the Freikorps Oberland and later German Nazi officer
* Kathy Horadam (born 1951), Australian mathematician, daughter of Eleanor Mollie
# Tachikawa R-38

The Tachikawa R-38 was a Japanese training aircraft of the late 1930s. It was a single-engined parasol monoplane that was intended for use by civil training schools. Two examples were built, with the Japanese Military's control of resources preventing any further production.

## Design and development

In 1938, the Tachikawa Aircraft Company, which was building large numbers of its Ki-9 and Ki-17 basic and primary trainers for the Imperial Japanese Army, began work on a new training aircraft for use by civilian training schools. The aircraft, the Tachikawa R-38, was a single-engined parasol wing monoplane. It had a fabric-covered welded steel tube fuselage and a wood and metal wing. The student and instructor sat in separate tandem open cockpits.
The first prototype was powered by a 150 horsepower (110 kW) Gasuden Jimpu seven-cylinder radial engine driving a two-bladed propeller and made its first flight on 22 February 1939. The aircraft was tested by the Japanese Army, with the conclusion that the lighter R-38 was superior to the Army's Ki-17 primary trainer, which used the same engine. As the Ki-17 was already in production, however, the Army had no need for a new trainer. A second prototype, the R-38-Kai was built powered by an experimental 120 horsepower (89 kW) Kosoku KO-4 four-cylinder air-cooled inline engine, produced by a subsidiary of Tachikawa. The R-38-Kai flew in July 1941.
No production of the R-38 or the R-38-Kai followed. From 1938, all major Japanese aircraft companies were required to be licensed by the government, with the armed services controlling the management of the companies. As there was no military requirement for the R-38, the Japanese Army prevented any further production.

## Specifications (R-38)

Data from Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 7.62 m (25 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 10.80 m (35 ft 5 in)
* Height: 2.78 m (9 ft 1 in)
* Wing area: 19.0 m$^2$ (205 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 599 kg (1,321 lb)
* Gross weight: 837 kg (1,845 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Gasuden Jimpu 6 seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 120 kW (160 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 206 km/h (128 mph, 111 kn)
* Cruise speed: 152 km/h (94 mph, 82 kn)
* Range: 280 km (170 mi, 150 nmi)
* Endurance: 2 hr 12 min
* Service ceiling: 6,350 m (20,830 ft)
# S. S. Rathore

Satyanarayansinh Shivsinh Rathore (born 1956) is an Indian civil engineer. He belongs to the royal family of Valasna State. He is popularly known as the “highway and canal man of Gujarat”.

## Career

Rathore joined the Gujarat Service of Engineers.
He was appointed the CMD of the Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Limited (SSNNL). As the CMD, S.S Rathore completed the Sardar Sarovar dam project which enabled the supply of irrigation and drinking water from the Narmada river, established various canal networks, and is leading the team for the Statue of Unity project. He is credited with developing Gujarat's major highways. He introduced the Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) road development model, the first of its kind in India. Rathore is the former President of the Institute of Engineers, India, Indian Road Congress, and the Vice-President of the World Federation of Engineering Organization.
He retired in 2014 as its additional chief secretary (ACS). Before becoming ACS, he was the principal secretary.
In 2018, S.S Rathore was honored with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian honor, by Ram Nath Kovind, the President of India.
He is presently (July 2019) appointed as Managing Director (MD) of GMRC (Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.).
# Spurs (film)

Spurs is a 1930 American Western film written and directed by B. Reeves Eason and starring Hoot Gibson, Helen Wright, Robert Homans, Philo McCullough, C.E. Anderson and Buddy Hunter. It was released on August 24, 1930, by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

Looking for the killer of Buddy Hazlet's father, Bob Merrill and his friend secretly invade the hideout of the Pecos gang. After learning the true identity of the murderer and that the gang captured his friends Buddy and Shorty, Bob decides to wait for the gang to return to the hideout and fires on them with their own machine guns. The gang is captured and the murderer confesses his crimes.

## Cast

* Hoot Gibson as Bob Merril
* Helen Wright as Peggy Bradley
* Robert Homans as Dad Merril
* Philo McCullough as Tom Mardson
* C.E. Anderson as Pecos
* Buddy Hunter as Buddy Hazlet
* Gilbert Holmes as Shorty Clark
* William Bertram as Indian Joe
# TESC

TESC may refer to
An abbreviation for two US colleges:
* The Evergreen State College, in Olympia, Washington
* Thomas Edison State College, in Trenton, New Jersey
Venues:
# SJCS

SJCS could refer to one of several things:
* Saint Jude Catholic School (disambiguation)
* Seattle Jewish Community School (SJCS)
* St John's College School
* St. Joseph's College School
# Hovea trisperma

Hovea trisperma, commonly known as common hovea, it is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a small straggling shrub with purple-blue flowers and is endemic to Western Australia.

## Description

Hovea trisperma is a perennial, short stemmed, sprawling, woody shrub to 0.6 m (2 ft 0 in) high and multi-stemmed from the base. The branches thickly or sparsely coved with flattened hairs, often crinkled or twisted. The leaves are variable, they may be elliptic, lance-shaped, oval or linear-oblong and may vary on the one plant, upper leaves 0.8–13 cm (0.31–5.12 in) long and 0.3–6 cm (0.12–2.36 in) wide. The leaves rounded or pointed at the apex, margins may be slightly or distinctly curved under, upper surface smooth or with soft hairs and the petiole 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long. The inflorescences are borne in leaf axils in a cluster of 1-6 purplish-blue flowers, either sessile or on a short peduncle. Each flower is on a pedicel 1–7 mm (0.039–0.276 in) long that are densely covered with flattened, spreading hairs. The calyx thickly covered with flattened, erect to slightly spreading hairs.The standard petal is 10.8–20.2 mm (0.43–0.80 in) long and 10.5–25 mm (0.41–0.98 in) wide with a white, centre flare. The wings are 9–14.8 mm (0.35–0.58 in) long and 3.1–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) wide, and the keel 6–11.6 mm (0.24–0.46 in) long and 2.3–4 mm (0.091–0.157 in) wide. Flowering occurs from May to November and the fruit is an oval-shaped pod.

## Taxonomy and naming

Hovea trisperma was first formally described in 1837 by George Bentham and the description was published in Enumeratio plantarum quas in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorum et in Sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus liber baro de Hügel. The specific epithet (trisperma) means "three seed" referring to the fruit.

## Distribution and habitat

Common hovea grows in sandy and clay soils in heath, woodlands and mallee from Perth, south to Busselton, and to the south-west near Albany, and Esperance.
# Hovea pannosa

Hovea pannosa is a species of flowering shrub in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a small, erect shrub with purple pea flowers and stiff green leaves.

## Description

Hovea pannosa is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 3 m (9.8 ft) and has brown to dark grey hairs on the branchlets and sepals. The leaves are narrow-oval to narrowly elliptic-oblong shaped, stiff, mostly 2.5–5 cm (0.98–1.97 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) wide, margins rolled or curved under, upper surface smooth, underside with crumpled or curly rusty felt like hairs, and the petiole 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long. The purple flowers have darker purple markings and a pale yellowish centre, arranged in groups of 1-3 on a pedicel 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long that is densely covered with long, soft hairs. The standard petal is 8–10.5 mm (0.31–0.41 in) long, the keels shorter than the wings. Flowering occurs from August to September and the fruit is a sessile pod moderately covered with rusty coloured hairs.

## Taxonomy and naming

Hovea pannosa was first formally described in 1851 by Allan Cunningham and the description was published in Botanical Magazine. The specific epithet (pannosa) means "felt-like".

## Distribution

This species grows in dry, rocky, sclerophyll forests south of the Blue Mountains in New South Wales and in the East Gippsland in Victoria.
# Taichu

Taichu may refer to:
* Taichung, Taiwan, known as Taichū in Japanese
* Taichū Prefecture, former name of Taichung

## Historical eras

* Taichu (104BC–101BC), an era name used by Emperor Wu of Han
* Taichu (386–394), an era name used by Fu Deng, emperor of Former Qin
* Taichu (388–400), an era name used by Qifu Gangui, ruler of Western Qin
* Taichu (397–399), an era name used by Tufa Wugu, ruler of Southern Liang
* Taichu (453), an era name used by Liu Shao (Liu Song), emperor of Liu Song
# Taekwondo at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games – Women's 46 kg

The women's 46 kg competition in taekwondo at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games was held on 11 August 2021 at the Selcuk University 19 Mayis Sport Hall in Konya.<

## Results
### Legend

* PTG — Won by Points Gap
* SUP — Won by superiority
* OT — Won on over time (Golden Point)
* DQ — Won by disqualification
* PUN — Won by punitive declaration
* WD — Won by withdrawal

### Main Bracket

| 1/8 finals | 1/8 finals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| | | Soukaina Sahib (MAR) | Soukaina Sahib (MAR) | | | | |
| Heni Ni Kadek (INA) | Heni Ni Kadek (INA) | Heni Ni Kadek (INA) | Heni Ni Kadek (INA) | | | | |
| Miar Qabaha (PLE) | Miar Qabaha (PLE) | | | Soukaina Sahib (MAR) | Soukaina Sahib (MAR) | | |
| | | | | Ida Kevine Bama (BUR) | Ida Kevine Bama (BUR) | | |
| | | Siby Aissata Mohamed (MLI) | Siby Aissata Mohamed (MLI) | | | | |
| | | Ida Kevine Bama (BUR) | Ida Kevine Bama (BUR) | | | | |
| | | | | | | Soukaina Sahib (MAR) | Soukaina Sahib (MAR) |
| | | | | | | Minaya Akbarova (AZE) | Minaya Akbarova (AZE) |
| | | Minaya Akbarova (AZE) | Minaya Akbarova (AZE) | | | | |
| Alia Besan (JOR) | Alia Besan (JOR) | Alia Besan (JOR) | Alia Besan (JOR) | | | | |
| Ahmed Aisha (UAE) | Ahmed Aisha (UAE) | | | Minaya Akbarova (AZE) | Minaya Akbarova (AZE) | | |
| Fall Ngone (SEN) | Fall Ngone (SEN) | | | Zukhrakhon Tojimatova (UZB) | Zukhrakhon Tojimatova (UZB) | | |
| Zukhrakhon Tojimatova (UZB) | Zukhrakhon Tojimatova (UZB) | Zukhrakhon Tojimatova (UZB) | Zukhrakhon Tojimatova (UZB) | | | | |
| | | Emine Göğebakan (TUR) | Emine Göğebakan (TUR) | | | | |
# Taekwondo at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games – Women's 67 kg

The women's 67 kg competition in taekwondo at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games will held on 10 August at the Selcuk University 19 Mayis Sport Hall in Konya.

## Results
### Legend

* PTG — Won by Points Gap
* SUP — Won by superiority
* OT — Won on over time (Golden Point)
* DQ — Won by disqualification
* PUN — Won by punitive declaration
* WD — Won by withdrawal

### Main Bracket

| 1/8 finals | 1/8 finals | 1/8 finals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | Farida Azizova (AZE) | Farida Azizova (AZE) | | | | | | | |
| Feruza Yergeshova (KAZ) | Feruza Yergeshova (KAZ) | | (25x17px) | (25x17px) | | | | | | | |
| Silvana Lamanda (INA) | Silvana Lamanda (INA) | | | | | Farida Azizova (AZE) | Farida Azizova (AZE) | 2 | | | |
| | | | | | | Safia Salih (MAR) | Safia Salih (MAR) | 0 | | | |
| | | | Safia Salih (MAR) | Safia Salih (MAR) | | | | | | | |
| | | | Carla Boustany (LBN) | Carla Boustany (LBN) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Farida Azizova (AZE) | Farida Azizova (AZE) | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | Zeinab Esmaeil (IRI) | Zeinab Esmaeil (IRI) | 0 |
| | | | Maram Fatnassi (QAT) | Maram Fatnassi (QAT) | | | | | | | |
| | | | Jwana Sadek (JOR) | Jwana Sadek (JOR) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Maram Fatnassi (QAT) | Maram Fatnassi (QAT) | 0 | | | |
| Zeinab Esmaeil (IRI) | Zeinab Esmaeil (IRI) | 2 | | | | Zeinab Esmaeil (IRI) | Zeinab Esmaeil (IRI) | 2 | | | |
| Ozoda Sobirjonova (UZB) | Ozoda Sobirjonova (UZB) | 0 | Zeinab Esmaeil (IRI) | Zeinab Esmaeil (IRI) | 2 | | | | | | |
| | | | Mervenur Evci (TUR) | Mervenur Evci (TUR) | 0 | | | | | | |
# Taekwondo at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games – Women's 73 kg

The women's 73 kg competition in taekwondo at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games will held on 11 August at the Selcuk University 19 Mayis Sport Hall in Konya.

## Results
### Legend

* PTG — Won by Points Gap
* SUP — Won by superiority
* OT — Won on over time (Golden Point)
* DQ — Won by disqualification
* PUN — Won by punitive declaration
* WD — Won by withdrawal

### Main Bracket

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | Cansel Deniz (KAZ) | Cansel Deniz (KAZ) | 0 | | | |
| Zahra Pouresmaeilkarani (IRI) | Zahra Pouresmaeilkarani (IRI) | 0 | Sude Yaren Uzunçavdar (TUR) | Sude Yaren Uzunçavdar (TUR) | 2 | | | |
| Sude Yaren Uzunçavdar (TUR) | Sude Yaren Uzunçavdar (TUR) | 2 | | | | Sude Yaren Uzunçavdar (TUR) | Sude Yaren Uzunçavdar (TUR) | 2 |
| Selman Ward (LBN) | Selman Ward (LBN) | | | | | Selman Ward (LBN) | Selman Ward (LBN) | 0 |
| Maftuna Ergasheva (UZB) | Maftuna Ergasheva (UZB) | | Selman Ward (LBN) | Selman Ward (LBN) | | | | |
| Eldjouma Clemence (CHA) | Eldjouma Clemence (CHA) | | Rama Abo-Alrub (JOR)' | Rama Abo-Alrub (JOR)' | | | | |
| Rama Abo-Alrub (JOR) | Rama Abo-Alrub (JOR) | | | | | | | |
# S83

S83 may refer to:
* Daihatsu Hijet (S83), a kei truck and microvan
* S83 Lankao–Nanyang Expressway, China
* Savoia-Marchetti S.83 an Italian airliner
* Suzuki Boulevard S83, a motorcycle
# S82

S82 may refer to:

## Automobiles

* Daihatsu Hijet (S82), a kei truck and microvan
* Stola S82 Spyder, a concept car
* Scania S82, a Scania bus

## Other uses

* Blériot-SPAD S.82, a French advertising biplane
* S82 Zhengzhou–Minquan Expressway, expressway in Henan, China
* S82, a line of the St. Gallen S-Bahn