OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pregnenedione

A pregnenedione (singular pregnanediol) is an unsaturated diketone derivative of a pregnane. Examples are budesonide and progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione).
# Pregnenolone succinate

Pregnenolone succinate (USANTooltip United States Adopted Name; brand names Panzalone, Formula 405; also known as pregnenolone hemisuccinate or pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one 3β-(hydrogen succinate)) is a synthetic pregnane steroid and an ester of pregnenolone which is described as a glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory drug and has been patented and marketed as a topical medication in the form of a cream for the treatment of allergic, pruritic, and inflammatory dermatitis. It has also been described as a non-hormonal sterol, having neurosteroid activity, and forming a progesterone analogue via dehydrogenation.
In addition to its glucocorticoid effects, pregnenolone succinate has been found to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the GABA$_A$ receptor and a positive allosteric modulator of the NMDA receptor similarly to pregnenolone sulfate.
# Pregnenolone sulfate

Pregnenolone sulfate (PS, PREGS) is an endogenous excitatory neurosteroid that is synthesized from pregnenolone. It is known to have cognitive and memory-enhancing, antidepressant, anxiogenic, and proconvulsant effects.

## Biological activity

Pregnenolone sulfate is a neurosteroid with excitatory effects in the brain, acting as a potent negative allosteric modulator of the GABA$_A$ receptor and a weak positive allosteric modulator of the NMDA receptor. To a lesser extent, it also acts as a negative allosteric modulator of the AMPA, kainate, and glycine receptors, and may interact with the nACh receptors as well. In addition to its effects on ligand-gated ion channels, pregnenolone sulfate is an agonist of the sigma receptor, as well as an activator of the TRPM1 and TRPM3 channels. It may also interact with potassium channels and voltage-gated sodium channels and has been found to inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels.

## Biochemistry
### Biosynthesis

Pregnenolone sulfate is synthesized from pregnenolone via sulfation. Pregnenolone itself is produced from cholesterol via cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme.

## Chemistry

Pregnenolone sulfate, also known as pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one 3β-sulfate, is a naturally occurring pregnane steroid and a derivative of cholesterol. It is the C3β sulfate ester of pregnenolone. A closely related steroid is dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), which is the C3β sulfate ester of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
# Ryan Hampton

Ryan Hampton may refer to:
* Ryan Hampton (racing driver)
* Ryan Hampton (writer)
# Rusted Angel

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Rusted Angel is the debut album by Swedish metal band Darkane. This was the only Darkane album with Lawrence Mackrory until his return in mid-2011. The song "July 1999" is about one Nostradamus prediction.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Malmström and Wildoer

## Personnel
### Darkane

* Christofer Malmström – lead guitar
* Peter Wildoer – drum kit
* Jörgen Löfberg – bass guitar
* Klas Ideberg – rhythm guitar
* Lawrence Mackrory – vocals

### Production

* Wez Wenedikter – executive producer
* Daniel Bergstrand – production, engineering, mixing
* Peter In de Betou – mastering
* Chad Michael Ward – artwork
# Rusted Eyes Awake

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Metalstorm | (8/10) |
Rusted Eyes Awake is the second full-length studio album by the Arizona-based metal band Landmine Marathon. The album was originally released on Level Plane Records in October 2008, and was the second full-length Landmine Marathon release on that label, the first of which was Wounded. It was also the last release of the band before the label ended operations. The album was reissued by Prosthetic Records on August 18, 2009.
Antony Hämäläinen (Armageddon, ex-Nightrage), and Jony Davy (Job for a Cowboy) supplied guest vocals on "Bled to Oblivion" and "Red Days", respectively.

## Track listing

* All songs written and arranged by Landmine Marathon.
* "Bile Towers" – 4:33
* "Certain Death" – 2:10
* "Bled To Oblivion" – 3:20
* "Xenocide" – 5:18
* "Heroin Swine" 4:41
* "Skin From Skull" – 4:30
* "Red Days" – 2:32
* "Rusted Eyes Awake" – 4:43
# Eriogonum gracile

Eriogonum gracile is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name slender woolly buckwheat.

## Distribution

The annual plant is native to California, where it is widespread across the state except the deserts, and to parts of Baja California in northwestern Mexico.
It grows in many types of habitat, including chaparral, montane, woodland, and grasslands. It is often found on clay soils, and also in sandy places.

## Distribution

Eriogonum gracile is an annual herb which is quite variable in appearance. It grows erect to decumbent with a slender, branching stem 10 to 70 centimeters long, sometimes with a thick coat of woolly fibers and sometimes nearly hairless.
The oblong leaves are borne on short petioles, the largest at the base of the plant with blades approaching 6 centimeters long. There are usually leaves along the lower part of the stem. The leaves are woolly in texture, at least on the undersides.
The flowering stem is lined with small clusters of hairless flowers in shades of pink, yellow, or white.
# Eriogonum gossypinum

Eriogonum gossypinum is an uncommon species of wild buckwheat known by the common name cottony buckwheat. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the southern Central Valley and some of the adjacent foothills. It is often found on clay soils. It is an annual herb producing a gray or reddish branched stem no more than about 20 centimeters tall. The leaves are oblong in shape and woolly in texture. The scattered inflorescences are small clusters of white to pink glandular flowers buried in a layer of cottony fibers.
# Eresina fusca

Eresina fusca, the Cator's eresina, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast and possibly Nigeria. Its habitat consists of dense, primary forests.
# Eresina bergeri

Eresina bergeri is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lualaba), Uganda, north-western Tanzania and possibly the Republic of the Congo. Its habitat consists of dense, primary forests.
# Price level

The general price level is a hypothetical measure of overall prices for some set of goods and services (the consumer basket), in an economy or monetary union during a given interval (generally one day), normalized relative to some base set. Typically, the general price level is approximated with a daily price index, normally the Daily CPI. The general price level can change more than once per day during hyperinflation.

## Theoretical foundation

The classical dichotomy is the assumption that there is a relatively clean distinction between overall increases or decreases in prices and underlying, “nominal” economic variables. Thus, if prices overall increase or decrease, it is assumed that this change can be decomposed as follows:
Given a set $C$ of goods and services, the total value of transactions in $C$ at time $t$ is
    $\sum _{c\,\in \,C}(p_{c,t}\cdot q_{c,t})=\sum _{c\,\in \,C}[(P_{t}\cdot p'_{c,t})\cdot q_{c,t}]=P_{t}\cdot \sum _{c\,\in \,C}(p'_{c,t}\cdot q_{c,t})$
where
    $q_{c,t}\,$ represents the quantity of $c$ at time $t$
    $p_{c,t}\,$ represents the prevailing price of $c$ at time $t$
    $p'_{c,t}$ represents the “real” price of $c$ at time $t$
    $P_{t}$ is the price level at time $t$
The general price level is distinguished from a price index in that the existence of the former depends upon the classical dichotomy, while the latter is simply a computation, and many such will be possible regardless of whether they are meaningful.

## Significance

If, indeed, a general price level component could be distinguished, then it would be possible to measure the difference in overall prices between two regions or intervals. For example, the inflation rate could be measured as
    ${\frac {(P_{t_{1}}-P_{t_{0}})/P_{t_{0}}}{t_{1}-t_{0}}}$
and “real” economic growth or contraction could be distinguished from mere price changes by deflating GDP or some other measure.
    ${\frac {(GDP)_{t_{1}}}{P_{t_{1}}}}-{\frac {(GDP)_{t_{0}}}{P_{t_{0}}}}$

## Measuring price level

Applicable indices are the consumer price index (CPI), Default Price Deflator, and the Producer Price Index.
Price indices not only affect the rate of inflation, but are also part of real output and productivity.
# Ermentrude

Ermentrude or Ermintrude is a feminine Germanic name from the Middle Ages. It may refer to:
* Erminethrudis (d. c. 600), a Merovingian-era nun
* Ermentrude of Orléans (823–869), queen of the Franks by her marriage to Charles the Bald
* Ermentrude, daughter of Louis the Stammerer (b. c. 875/78), wife of Count Eberard of Sulichgau
* Ermentrude de Roucy (958–1005), countess consort of Burgundy
* Ermentrude of Maine (d. 1126), Countess of Maine and the Lady of Château-du-Loir
* Ermyntrude, a principal character in George Bernard Shaw's one-act play The Inca of Perusalem
* Ermintrude, a character in the television series The Magic Roundabout
* Ermintrude, a character in Terry Pratchett's Nation (novel)
# Ryan Millar (rugby league)

Ryan Michael Lewis Millar (born 12 May 1994) is a British professional rugby league footballer who plays on the wing for the Sheffield Eagles in the Betfred Championship.

## Background

Millar was born in Biederfeld, Germany but brought up in Birmingham, England. He is of Barbadian descent. He trained as an Architect in Sheffield.

## Playing career
### Sheffield Eagles

Millar is a graduate of the Sheffield Eagles Academy system He made his professional debut for the Eagles on 26 June 2015 in a 14 points to 22 away triumph at London Broncos, he scored two consecutive tries in 5 minutes to put his team 10–6 in front just after the half-time break. Millar made his home debut against Hull Kingston Rovers in The Qualifiers at Bramall Lane. This time he scored a hat-trick in a 28–38 loss. Millar has forced his way into a regular first team spot ahead of the 2016 season, as one of the newest young talents to come out the Eagles' youth set-up. During that season he made eight starts and scored a total of 5 tries. The wing was now considered a permanent fixture in the Eagles line-up and throughout the course of the 2017 campaign he showed his versatility in playing as a fullback as well as his natural position on the wing. Millar played a total of 22 games (21 starts) during 2017, but his scoring run dried up as he only managed the one try against Oldham on the first day of the season. In 2019 he helped the Eagles to win the inaugural 1895 Cup as they defeated Widnes Vikings 36–18 in the final. In 2021 it was announced Millar was set to leave the club at the end of the season.

### Bradford Bulls

Millar joined Bradford Bulls ahead of the 2022 season on a two-year deal.

### Widnes Vikings

On 12 December 2022 it was announced that Millar had signed for Widnes Vikings on a one-year deal.

### Sheffield Eagles (re-join)

On 16 November 2023 it was reported that he had signed for Sheffield Eagles in the RFL Championship on a 2-year deal.
# Sherman White

Sherman White may refer to:
* Sherman White (American football) (born 1948), National Football League player for the Cincinnati Bengals
* Sherman White (basketball) (1928–2011), Long Island University basketball player who was indicted in a point shaving scandal
* Sherman White (ice hockey) (1923–1975), National Hockey League player for the New York Rangers
# Eric Hansen (drummer)

Eric Hansen is an American drummer from Oklahoma, United States, who has performed with Sunday Afternoon, Whitey, Medicine Show Caravan, Medicine Show, Jimmy LaFave, Hadden Sayers, Mike McClure Band, and Cody Canada and the Departed.
Hansen has recorded also with Bob Childers, Tom Skinner, Greg Jacobs, Farmboy, and Stoney LaRue.
# Pre-Konvoi

Several nuclear reactors in Germany and abroad are referred to as Pre-Konvoi. The term means that these units were produced and constructed before the manufacturer, Kraftwerk Union AG (KWU), switched over to a standardized design for this type of pressurized water reactor.
Pre-Konvoi plants include: Brokdorf, Grafenrheinfeld, Grohnde and Philippsburg unit 2. There is also one Pre-Konvoi plant abroad, the Angra Nuclear Power Plant in Brazil. This is also the location of the only Pre-Konvoi reactor being built; Unit 3 at the Angra Nuclear Power Plant has been in various stages in construction since 1984.
Most of these large 1300 MW reactors were built between 1982 and 1986 by Kraftwerk Union (KWU). Compared to the previous generation of, the Pre-Konvoi plants have some safety improvements. Since the basic design dates back to the 1970s and basic plant parts cannot be retrofitted (e.g. reinforcement of the wall thickness of the reactor pressure vessel), they do not reach the safety level of the Konvoi plants, which represent a further development of the pre-Konvoi plants.
# SABA (clothing)

SABA is an Australian fashion brand created by Joe Saba in 1965. The brand began as The Joseph SABA Shirt Shop on Flinders Lane in Melbourne.
The brand carries a contemporary label for both women's and menswear lines. SABA have taken part in such fashion events as the Mercedes Australian Fashion Week and the L'Oreal Melbourne Fashion Festival. In 1996 the brand won the Australian Fashion Menswear Award and was inducted as the Powerhouse Museum's Fashion House of the Year.
In 2002, Joe Saba sold the brand to Daniel and Danielle Besen, owners of the fashion labels Sportsgirl and Sussan. In 2005, SABA was acquired by the Apparel Group and shortly moved its head office to Sydney. Today, the brand owns 30 stand-alone stores throughout Australia and is also available at selected David Jones department stores.
# Presidente Kennedy, Espírito Santo

Presidente Kennedy is a coastal municipality located in the southernmost portion Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. It covers 583.9 km$^2$ (225.4 sq mi), and has a population of 11,658 with a population density of 19 inhabitants per square kilometer. It is located at 55 meters above sea level. It was named after U.S. president John F. Kennedy, in a tribute to his persona. The city received donations from Alliance for Progress plan.
In recent years, an oil well was discovered in the ocean just in front of the city who was awarded with a heat economy. The oil is under the pre-salt layer. Companies such as the Chinese Baosteel operate in the city, and a new seaport is under construction.
# SDCM

SDCM can refer to:
* Standard deviation colour matching: see MacAdam ellipse
* System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring, a Russian satellite navigation augmentation system
* Sete Povos Airfield, an airfield in Brazil with ICAO code SDCM
# Prestonia rotundifolia

Prestonia rotundifolia is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is native to Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Prestonia schumanniana

Prestonia schumanniana is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Río Chico, Río Negro

Río Chico is a village and municipality in Río Negro Province in Argentina.

## Climate

Climate data for Río Chico, Río Negro (1976–1994) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.0 (95.0) | 35.5 (95.9) | 34.0 (93.2) | 28.0 (82.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 25.0 (77.0) | 29.0 (84.2) | 32.0 (89.6) | 33.0 (91.4) | 35.5 (95.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 20.9 (69.6) | 15.1 (59.2) | 9.9 (49.8) | 7.7 (45.9) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.4 (48.9) | 12.1 (53.8) | 15.7 (60.3) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 15.8 (60.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.1 (62.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 10.0 (50.0) | 6.3 (43.3) | 3.7 (38.7) | 3.4 (38.1) | 4.9 (40.8) | 7.2 (45.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 13.3 (55.9) | 15.5 (59.9) | 10.2 (50.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) | 7.1 (44.8) | 4.9 (40.8) | 2.4 (36.3) | −0.1 (31.8) | 0.5 (32.9) | −1.2 (29.8) | −0.8 (30.6) | 0.2 (32.4) | 1.5 (34.7) | 4.2 (39.6) | 6.3 (43.3) | 2.7 (36.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.0 (26.6) | −5.0 (23.0) | −8.0 (17.6) | −13.0 (8.6) | −15.0 (5.0) | −21.0 (−5.8) | −22.0 (−7.6) | −14.0 (6.8) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −13.0 (8.6) | −8.0 (17.6) | −5.0 (23.0) | −22.0 (−7.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.6 (0.14) | 12.0 (0.47) | 5.8 (0.23) | 10.5 (0.41) | 20.1 (0.79) | 16.1 (0.63) | 13.1 (0.52) | 8.9 (0.35) | 8.0 (0.31) | 5.2 (0.20) | 6.1 (0.24) | 7.8 (0.31) | 117.2 (4.61) |
| Average rainy days | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 24.5 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria ||||||||||||||
# Erupa somenella

Erupa somenella is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1922. It is found in Guatemala.
# Preliminary examination

Preliminary examination may refer to:

## In education

* Prelim, an examination that qualifies a student to continue higher level studies and/or allows a student to see how prepared they are for the looming examinations
* Comprehensive examination, a required examination that a student must pass to continue a course of study
* The Preliminary College Scholastic Ability Test in South Korea
* PSAT/NMSQT, a national standardized test taken by high school students in the United States

## Legal processes

* An examination performed by an International Preliminary Examining Authority under the Patent Cooperation Treaty
* Preliminary hearing, a court appearance to determine if there is enough evidence to bind the accused for trial

## India Civil Services

* A component in several examinations in the Indian Civil Services:
* Civil Services Examination of India
* Bangladesh Civil Service Examination
* Karnataka Administrative Service examination
# Prince Edward Glacier

Prince Edward Glacier (82°46′S 159°32′E﻿ / ﻿82.767°S 159.533°E﻿ / -82.767; 159.533) is a glacier draining the north side of Cotton Plateau in the Queen Elizabeth Range and flowing north for about 6 nautical miles (11 km) along the west side of Hochstein Ridge. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) for Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh, son of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
# SAFB2

Scaffold attachment factor B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAFB2 gene.

## Interactions

SAFB2 has been shown to interact with Estrogen receptor alpha and SAFB.
# Problems involving arithmetic progressions

Problems involving arithmetic progressions are of interest in number theory, combinatorics, and computer science, both from theoretical and applied points of view.

## Largest progression-free subsets

Find the cardinality (denoted by A$_k$(m)) of the largest subset of {1, 2, ..., m} which contains no progression of k distinct terms. The elements of the forbidden progressions are not required to be consecutive. For example, A$_4$(10) = 8, because {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10} has no arithmetic progressions of length 4, while all 9-element subsets of {1, 2, ..., 10} have one.
In 1936, Paul Erdős and Pál Turán posed a question related to this number and Erdős set a $1000 prize for an answer to it. The prize was collected by Endre Szemerédi for a solution published in 1975, what has become known as Szemerédi's theorem.

## Arithmetic progressions from prime numbers

Szemerédi's theorem states that a set of natural numbers of non-zero upper asymptotic density contains finite arithmetic progressions, of any arbitrary length k.
Erdős made a more general conjecture from which it would follow that
    The sequence of primes numbers contains arithmetic progressions of any length.
This result was proven by Ben Green and Terence Tao in 2004 and is now known as the Green–Tao theorem.
See also Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions.
As of 2020, the longest known arithmetic progression of primes has length 27:
    224584605939537911 + 81292139·23#·n, for n = 0 to 26. (23# = 223092870)
As of 2011, the longest known arithmetic progression of consecutive primes has length 10. It was found in 1998. The progression starts with a 93-digit number
    100 99697 24697 14247 63778 66555 87969 84032 95093 24689
    19004 18036 03417 75890 43417 03348 88215 90672 29719
and has the common difference 210.

## Primes in arithmetic progressions

The prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions deals with the asymptotic distribution of prime numbers in an arithmetic progression.

## Covering by and partitioning into arithmetic progressions

* Find minimal l$_n$ such that any set of n residues modulo p can be covered by an arithmetic progression of the length l$_n$.
* For a given set S of integers find the minimal number of arithmetic progressions that cover S
* For a given set S of integers find the minimal number of nonoverlapping arithmetic progressions that cover S
* Find the number of ways to partition {1, ..., n} into arithmetic progressions.
* Find the number of ways to partition {1, ..., n} into arithmetic progressions of length at least 2 with the same period.
* See also Covering system
# Problems (Matt Corby song)

"Problems" is a song by Australian musician Matt Corby, released on 3 November 2022 as the lead single from his third studio album, Everything's Fine (2023).

## Background and release

"Problems" was written within a week of Corby and his family losing their home caused by the 2022 eastern Australia floods. His heavily pregnant partner had to be whisked to safety in a small dinghy.
Corby returned to the studio with renewed focus to rebuild and move forward with clarity. Lyrically, Corby explained "It's about how funny humans are creating our own problems and issues that we then have to solve. Or creating problems so difficult we then can't solve, and how people talk so much shit and don't do anything – how we're setting ourselves up for failure. People want to point the finger but nobody wants to carry anything themselves."
The song was first played on Triple J on 2 November 2023 and released the following day.

## Music video

The Murli Dhir directed music video was released on 22 November 2022. Dhir said "When I first heard 'Problems', I knew I wanted to make a bright and funny video that showed someone grooving completely oblivious to their problems around them".
A live at Rainbow Valley Studios version was released on 13 December 2022.

## Reception

Sose Fuamoli from Double J said "'Problems' demonstrates a refined sense of identity when it comes to Matt's hold on arrangement and individual style. Though this song feels decidedly different to 2018's Rainbow Valley album, 'Problems' still prominently has the stamp of being a Matt Corby joint."
Alex Gallagher from Music Feeds said "Building on the songwriter and producer's underlying R&B tendencies, it's layered with grooving bass, woozy electronics and in-the-pocket drums, foregrounding Corby's smooth croon."
Robin Murray from Clash Magazine said "'Problems' is – almost in spite of its title – a curiously laid back jammer, soaked in West Coast synths and soulful sense of pop song writing."
Conor Lochrie from Rolling Stone Australia noted the "bubbling R&B-influenced production [and] woozy keys and groovy bass skim". Ellie Robinson from NME called the song "silky and groove-laden".