OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard von Helmholtz

Richard Wilhelm Ferdinand von Helmholtz (28 September 1852 – 10 September 1934) was a German engineer and designer of steam locomotives. Richard von Helmholtz was born on 28 September 1852 in Königsberg, Prussia, the son of the physicist Hermann von Helmholtz and his first wife Olga, née von Velten.

## Career

After studying in Stuttgart and Munich, in 1873 he began his career as a design engineer at the Krauss locomotive works in Munich, where he soon rose to become head of the design bureau. In this capacity, he had a considerable influence on the destiny of the company for decades, especially after the retirement of Georg Krauss from the management in 1885.

### Innovations

In the course of his career he worked on all the components making up a locomotive, including less conspicuous parts such as his development of a new type of sander.
In 1887 he conducted ground-breaking research into the behaviour of locomotives on curves. From this theoretical work a practical result ensued in 1888: the design of the Krauss-Helmholtz bogie, which saw widespread use on locomotives with carrying wheels - and not only on steam locomotives. The Austrian designer, Karl Gölsdorf, drew even wider-ranging conclusions from the work of Helmholtz and created a radially-sliding coupled axle, the so-called Gölsdorf axle, which became a standard in the construction of locomotives.

### Locomotive designs

Of the many locomotive classes designed under his direction, a few examples are given here:
* In 1888 the Bavarian D VIII, the last one of which was still in service in 1958.
* In 1896 the Bavarian AA I, of which only one was built.
* In 1897 the Bavarian D XII (Pt2/5), and virtually identical Palatine P2.II, of which a total of 174 engines were built.
* In 1908 the Palatine P 5 and Bavarian Pt3/6, which ran for almost 50 years.

### Criticism

In such a long and innovative career, the occasional mistake was to be expected. For example, the Palatine P 3.II which was built in 1900 and displayed at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris was an express train locomotive with a dolly axle. This design did not acquit itself well; as early as 1902 the dolly axle was removed and the engine converted into a normal 2'B1' locomotive.

## Retirement and death

After his retirement, he remained connected to the world of locomotives. Blessed with an excellent memory well into old age, he occupied himself, partly as an author and partly as a publisher, with recording the historical development of the steam locomotive. He died on 10 September 1934 in Munich.

## Publications

* Richard von Helmholtz, Wilhelm Staby: Die Entwicklung der Lokomotive im Gebiete des Vereins deutscher Eisenbahnverwaltungen. Oldenbourg, München und Berlin 1930. (Reprint: Callwey, München 1981. ISBN 3-7667-0542-3)
* Richard von Helmholtz: Die historischen Lokomotiven der Badischen Staats-Eisenbahnen. Reichsbahndirektion Karlsruhe, 1936. (Reprint: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Eisenbahngeschichte, 1982, ISBN 3-921700-36-1)
# Saphenista amusa

Saphenista amusa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Peru.
# Saphenista anaxia

Saphenista anaxia is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Guatemala.
# Ecuador at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

Ecuador competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016. The team consisted of five athletes, four men, one woman, and one male sighted guide.

## Athletics
### Men's Track

| Athlete | Events | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Events | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Damian Carcelen | 400 m T20 | 51.68 | 4 Q | 51.80 | 8 |
| Ronny Santos Iza | 400 m T20 | 54.41 | 5 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Darwin Castro (Guide – Sebastian Rosero) | 1500 m T11 | 4:21.29 | 3 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Darwin Castro (Guide – Sebastian Rosero) | 5000 m T11 | — | — | 16:25.38 | 7 |

### Men's Field

| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank |
| Damian Carcelen | Long Jump F20 | 5.87 | 12 |
| Ronny Santos Iza | Long Jump F20 | 6.74 | 7 |
| Stalin Mosquera | Shot Put F20 | 14.79 | 6 |

### Women's Field

| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank |
| Poleth Mendes Sanchez | Shot Put F20 | 12.02 | 5 |
# Santissimo Salvatore, Nicosia

37°44′51″N 14°23′47″E﻿ / ﻿37.74761°N 14.39638°E﻿ / 37.74761; 14.39638
Santissimo Salvatore (Holiest Savior) is a Roman Catholic church located in a rocky hilltop above the town of Nicosia, in the province of Enna, region of Sicily, Italy.

## History and description

A church was erected at this summit circa the year 1100; when that church collapsed in 1607, it was rebuilt. The belltower still retains a Romanesque structure. The church is accessible through a staircase rising from via San Salvatore. The facade of the church has four arches, some including columns from the first church. The interior houses a canvas depicting the Madonna della Consolazione (1648) by A. Cardella. There is a wooden statue of the Transubstantion of Christ by Quattrocchi. There is a canvas depicting lo Spasimo by Nicolò Mirabella.
# Rideau Heights, Kingston

Rideau Heights is a 32-hectare area in northern Kingston, Ontario consisting primarily of row-housing and low-rise apartment buildings. The area is physically isolated and economically disadvantaged. Kingston's Housing Authority has identified Rideau Heights as a pilot project for improving the area with the intent of applying the lessons learned to other social housing sites throughout the city.
A regeneration strategy is being developed for Rideau Heights. The project incorporates a public and stakeholder engagement strategy to ensure that residents have opportunities to contribute.
# Eden no Machi

"Eden no Machi" (エデンの都市, lit. "Town of Eden") is the second single by Japanese recording artist Arisa Mizuki. It was released on August 28, 1991 as the second single from Mizuki's debut studio album Arisa. The title song was written by Jun Taguchi and composed and produced by Princess Princess vocalist and guitarist Kaori Okui. The song is Mizuki's only A-side to not have a commercial tie-in.

## Chart performance

"Eden no Machi" debuted on the Oricon Weekly Singles chart at number 5 with 59,830 copies sold in its first week. The single charted for eleven weeks and has sold a total of 181,420 copies. "Eden no Machi" was the 10th best-selling single of September 1991 and ranked number 91 on the Oricon Yearly Singles chart.

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Oricon Weekly Singles | 5 |
| Oricon Monthly Singles | 10 |
| Oricon Yearly Singles | 91 |
# Eden railway station

54°43′41″N 5°45′47″W﻿ / ﻿54.728°N 5.763°W﻿ / 54.728; -5.763
Eden (also known as Eden Halt) was a station located in the townland of Eden, in and around the town of Carrickfergus in Northern Ireland. At one time it formed part of a tight cluster of stations, each located almost one minute from the other, from Mount through to Kilroot.
The station closed in 1977 when Northern Ireland Railways rationalised their services. It has now been dismantled.
Eden Halt is the title of a book by Ross Skelton.
# Rita Tainola

Rita Hannele Tainola-Tapiovaara (born December 7, 1954), known professionally as Rita Tainola, is a Finnish reporter.

## Career

Rita Tainola began her career as a journalist in 1978 when she started to work for a Finnish magazine called Eeva. In 1980, she started working for a newspaper called Ilta-Sanomat. After eight years in Ilta-Sanomat, Rita Tainola moved to Beverly Hills, California. She continued to work for many Finnish papers and magazines. In 1991 she moved back to Finland and was hired by Seura magazine in 1994. In 1997, Tainola returned to Ilta-Sanomat and became a correspondent for the paper.
As a reporter Rita Tainola has met multiple opinion leaders, politicians, members of the royal family and stars from all around the world and has also earned a celebrity status herself. In 1993, Tainola was knighted by king Hussein of Jordan. The late king Hussein awarded Tainola for her charity work helping underprivileged children in Jordan. In 2004, Tainola received a golden medal for merit of The Disabled War Veterans' Association (of Finland). In 2007, Rita Tainola received a journalist prize from Ilta-Sanomat for her public relations and "uncompromising, wide-ranging work for the news". In 2009, Tarja Halonen, the incumbent President of Finland, awarded Rita Tainola a decoration from the Order of the Lion of Finland for her charity work and developing the relations between Finland and the Middle East, especially Qatar. Rita Tainola is the president of the Finnish Qatari Association.

## Personal life

Rita Tainola's father's side of the family is from Russia and her mother's side is from Karelia. Rita Tainola lives in Helsinki, Finland. She is married.
# Sapronosis

A sapronosis is an infectious disease caused by an organism that is able to live and reproduce in the soil or an other abiotic environment, and infects a living host directly from that environment. One widely-known example of a sapronosis is Legionnaire's disease. Approximately a third of all known disease organisms are sapronoses. Almost all fungal infections are sapronoses, but there are no known sapronotic viruses.
Occupation often plays a role in sapronoses: people working with the soil, such as farmers or gardeners, are often at particularly high risk. Sporotrichosis, a fungal sapronosis, is for example sometimes known as "rose handler's disease".
Sapronoses pose unique public health challenges. Because they can persist in the environment outside of any living host, they are difficult to control or eradicate. Their spread is also not subject to threshold host density. Sapronotic outbreaks are typically caused by a common source material, can be stopped by removing that material. For example, an outbreak of sporotrichosis that affected more than 3000 South African miners was stopped by removing wood in which the fungus was living.

## Terminology and classification

The term "sapronosis" was coined by the Russian microbiologist Vasiliy Ilyich Terskikh in 1958, who contested the then-widespread idea that pathogenic bacteria could not persist in the environment outside of a host.
Sapronoses sometimes serve as one part of the three-part classification of infectious diseases; the other two parts are anthroponoses (spread mostly from human to human) and zoonoses (spread mostly from animals to humans). In contrast to those, the primary reservoir of a sapronosis is in the soil. Sapronoses are therefore sometimes distinguished from environmental pathogens, also called "saprozoonoses", which have one part of their life cycle in the soil and one part in an animal host.
Typical examples of sapronotic agents are fungal such as coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, Microsporum gypseum. Some can be bacterial from the sporulating clostridium and bacillus to Rhodococcus equi, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, legionellosis, Pontiac fever, and nontuberculous mycobacterioses. Other sapronotic agents are amebic as in primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Yet again, difficulties in classification arise in the case of sporulating bacteria whose infectious spores are only produced after a significant period of inactive vegetative growth within an abiotic environment, yet this is still considered a case of sapronoses.
# Ridott Township, Illinois

Ridott Township is located in Stephenson County, Illinois, USA. At the 2010 census, its population was 1,451 and it contained 612 housing units. The villages of Ridott and German Valley are located in this township.
Ridott Township was named for an early settler.

## Geography

Ridott is Townships 26 and 27 (part) North, Range 9 East of the Fourth Principal Meridian.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 53.68 square miles (139.0 km$^2$), of which 53.63 square miles (138.9 km$^2$) (or 99.91%) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km$^2$) (or 0.11%) is water.

### Stagecoach inns

Hunt's Tavern was built after 1842 by Thomas Hunt from Nottingham, England, along the Old State Road number 2, now U.S. Route 20. Frink, Walker & Company stage line, Chicago to Galena, used this road 1839 to 1854. The stone tavern burned in 1914.
# Rio Bananal

19°15′54″S 40°19′58″W﻿ / ﻿19.26500°S 40.33278°W﻿ / -19.26500; -40.33278
Rio Bananal is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Its population was 19,271 (2020) and its area is 642 km$^2$.
# Santa Caterina, Urbania

Santa Caterina is a Roman Catholic, Renaissance-style church in Urbania, region of Marche, Italy.

## History

The small church, best described as an oratory, by the 14th century housed the Confraternity of the Artists, and was dedicated to St Catherine of Alexandria, patron of this guild and of artists. The building was reconstructed in 1522 by the architect Taddeo Zandrini.
The interiors have a rich baroque stucco decoration. The ceiling was decorated by the stucco artists and painters and by Ottaviano and Lucio Dolci, and Agostino Apolloni. The ceiling has oval panels depicting Allegories of the Virtues, while to the sides are depicted events in the Life of St Catherine. The four niches in the wall house 17th century statues of the prophets by Tommaso Amantini. One altar has a 17th-century wooden crucifix, flanked by a Madonna and Child with Saints (1615) by Giovanni Giacomo Pandolfi. The main altar has a Entombment of St Catherine (1592) by Donnino Berti based on a design attributed to Taddeo Zuccari.
# Rivers State Sustainable Development Agency

The Rivers State Sustainable Development Agency (abbreviated as RSSDA) is an agency of the government of Rivers State set up under the Sustainable Development Agency Law No. 3 of 2007. It is an agency dedicated to promoting programmes and activities aimed at eradicating poverty, developing rural areas and empowering the youth. It succeeds the Rivers State Sustainable Development Program (RSSDP) originally introduced by the federal government to improve lives of ordinary people in the state. Its headquarters can be found at 1 Igbodo Street in Old GRA, Port Harcourt.
# Rivers State Universal Basic Education Board

The Universal Basic Education Board (UBEB) is a government of Rivers State body entrusted with the responsibility of providing free, mandatory and universal basic education to school-age children in the state. It is headquartered at 16A Elechi Beach Road in Port Harcourt.
The Board was established by the UBE Law (2005), with its operations overseen by the Rivers State Ministry of Education. Some of its primary functions include advising the government on the development of basic education, management of affairs of teaching and non-teaching staff, upholding of children rights to education. Board members including the Chairman are appointed by the Governor. As of January 2015, the chairman of the board is Sir Alli.
# Sarah Scullin

Sarah Maria Scullin (née McNamara; 21 April 1880 – 31 May 1962) was the wife of James Scullin, the 9th Prime Minister of Australia.

## Early life and marriage

Scullin was born in Ballarat, Victoria, to Sarah (née Simcocks) and Michael McNamara. Her mother was born in County Kerry, Ireland, and her father was born in Bodyke, County Clare. She was educated at local Catholic schools, and was known as a skilled dressmaker and a talented artist. She married James Scullin at St Patrick's Cathedral, Ballarat, on 11 November 1907. The couple had no children.

## Public life

Scullin accompanied her husband on his election campaigns, but did not make speeches herself. According to his biographer John Robertson, she was "significant politically in an indirect manner, for she provided a serene domestic haven as a base for her husband's political activities". When her husband became prime minister in 1929, the couple chose to live in the Hotel Canberra rather than The Lodge, as an economy during the Great Depression. She nursed him during his bouts of ill health, and during the four-hour "sickroom cabinet" meeting of August 1930 "stood guard at the door, refusing entrance to all unwanted visitors".

## Later life

Scullin was widowed in January 1953. Her husband had been seriously ill and frequently bed-ridden for about two years, during which she was his primary caregiver. She died at their house on Park Avenue, Kew, in May 1962, aged 82. She was buried alongside her husband in the Catholic section of Melbourne General Cemetery.
# Ritito Conglomerate

The Ritito Conglomerate is a geologic formation in northern New Mexico dating to the Oligocene epoch.

## Description

The formation is composed of orange-pink to reddish-brown arkosic conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone with muscovite. The matrix is gray to tan except near Abiquiu, where it has a distinct red-brown color. Clasts are angular to well-rounded and are mostly of pebble size, but range from granules to boulders. The clasts are 44% Proterozoic quartzite, with 25% granite, 13% metavolcanic rock, 10% quartz, 5% schist, and 3% gneiss, with traces of chert and Phanerozoic sandstone. Some of the clasts have been identified as reddish-brown quartzite from the Cerro Colorado area or quartzite of the Ortega Formation. Imbrication indicates deposition in a meandering southward-flowing river system.
The formation crops out in a broad area between the northern Jemez Mountains, the southeastern flank of the Tusas Mountains, and the eastern flank of the Nacimiento Mountains. Maximum thickness is 210 meters (690 ft).
The formation rests unconformably on the El Rito Formation and has a gradational contact with the overlying Abiquiu Formation. The transition zone is characterized by chert beds assigned informally to the Pedernal chert. These are interpreted as calcic paleosols replaced by silica, possibly in a hydrothermal setting.
The age of the bulk of the formation is estimated as 25 to possibly more than 27 million years.

## History of investigation

The formation was named in 1958 by Fred Barker for exposures along Ritito Canyon, El Rito Creek (36°34′52″N 106°10′01″W﻿ / ﻿36.581°N 106.167°W﻿ / 36.581; -106.167). Exposures further to the south were long described as the lower Abiquiu Formation, but Florian Maldonado and Shari Kelley reassigned these to the Ritito Conglomerate in 2009.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Maldonado & Kelley 2009, p. 4.
* ↑ Maldonado & Kelley 2009, pp. 5–6.
* ↑ Maldonado & Kelley 2009, p. 6.
* ↑ Kelley et al. 2013, p. 107.
* ↑ Barker 1958, p. 42.
* ↑ Maldonado & Kelley 2009.
# Rix Mills, Ohio

Rix Mills is an unincorporated community in Muskingum County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

The community was named after Edmond Rix, the proprietor of a local mill. A former variant name was Rixville. Rixville was laid out in 1854. A post office called Rixs Mills was established in 1846. On 20 April 1858, land was acquired for a school in Rix Mills. The post office was renamed Rix Mills in 1892 and closed in 1902. The community has hosted several stores and a church, which to this day serves as a center of worship and community activities.

## Notable person

Miles Conway Moore, 14th Governor of Washington Territory, was born at Rix Mills in 1845.
# Riichirō Manabe

Riichirō Manabe (真鍋理一郎, Manabe Riichirō, 9 November 1924 – 29 January 2015) was a Japanese composer. He wrote scores for films of various genres like science fiction, horror, kaiju and drama films, including works of directors such as Nagisa Ōshima and Yūzō Kawashima.

## Filmography

* Suzaki Paradise: Red Light (1956)
* Hungry Soul (飢える魂) (1956)
* Summer Storm (夏の嵐, Natsu no arashi) (1956)
* Super Giant - The Artificial Satellite and the Destruction of Humanity (1957)
* Super Giant - The Spaceship and the Clash of the Artificial Satellite (1958)
* Kokoro to nikutai no tabi (完全な遊戯) (1958)
* Kanzenna yûgi (1958)
* Nora neko (1958)
* Noren (暖簾)(1958)
* Onna o wasurero (1959)
* Yoru no togyo (1959)
* High Teen (1959)
* Jigoku no magarikado (1959)
* A Town of Love and Hope (1959)
* Room for Let (Kashima ari) (1959)
* The Five Jolly Thieves (Shiranami gonin otoko: tenka no ô-dorobô) (1960)
* Hito mo arukeba (1960)
* Cruel Story of Youth (1960)
* The Sun's Burial (1960)
* Kenka Tarô (1960)
* Night and Fog in Japan (1960)
* Ponkotsu (1960)
* 'Akasaka no shimai' yori: yoru no hada (1960)
* Shôjo (1961)
* Romance Express (1961)
* Aoi me no sugao (1961)
* Kono wakasa aru kagiri (1961)
* Kill the Killer! (1961)
* Keishichô monogatari: jûni-nin no keiji (1961)
* Machi (1961)
* A Wife Confesses (1961)
* The Catch (1961)
* Urusai imôtotachi (1961)
* Shiro Amakusa, the Christian Rebel (1962)
* Heso no taisho (1962)
* Gang domei (1963)
* Fushigina Kusuri (Short) (1965)
* Hatoba no taka (1967)
* The Smell of Poison (1967)
* Kamo to negi (1968)
* Â Himeyuri no Tô (1968)
* Sogeki (1968)
* Front Row Life (1968)
* Fukushû no uta ga kikoeru (1968)
* Stormy Era (1969)
* Burakku comedi (1969)
* Oretachi no kôya (1969)
* Koto no taiyo (1969)
* Yakuza bangaichi (1969)
* Exiled to Hell (1969)
* Cruel Female Love Suicide (残酷おんな情死 Zankoku onna jōshi) (1970)
* Oiroke komikku (1970)
* Kigeki kudabare! Otoko-dama (1970)
* Terror in the Streets (1970)
* The Vampire Doll (1970)
* The Militarists (1970)
* Winter in Narita (Documentary) (1970)
* Profile of a Boss's Son (1970)
* Showa hito keta shachô tai futaketa shain (1971)
* Lake of Dracula (1971)
* Godzilla vs. Hedorah (1971)
* Zoku Showa hito keta shachô tai futaketa shain: Getsu-getsu kasui moku kinkin (1971)
* Hakuchô no uta nanka kikoenai (1972)
* Love Hunter (1972)
* Manatsu no Yoru no Jôji (1972)
* Wolf Guy (1973)
* Godzilla vs. Megalon (1973)
* Ame no yo no jôji (1973)
* Hitozuma: nokoribi (1973)
* Onna kyôshi: Amai seikatsu (1973)
* Hirusagari no jôji: Uwasa no kangofu (1974)
* Flower and Snake (1974)
* Evil of Dracula (1974)
* Okita Sôji (1974)
* The Gate of Youth (1975)
* Akan ni hatsu (1975)
* Kamome-yo, kirameku umi o mitaka/meguri ai (1975)
* The Possessed (1976)
* Boko! (1976)
* Gakusei mabu: shojo no aji (1976)
* The Gate of Youth Part 2 (1977)
* Shûdôjo Rushia: Kegasu (1978)
* Tatsu no ko Taro (1979)
* Jigoku (1979)
* Taiyo no ko teda no fua (1980)
# Riruta Satellite

Riruta, also known as Riruta Satellite, is a settlement in the Dagoretti area of Nairobi. It is approximately 9.4 kilometres (5.8 mi) west of the central business district of Nairobi.
PC Kinyanjui Technical Training Institute, a public, technical institute is located in Riruta.
Riruta Ward is also an electoral division within Dagoretti South Constituency. The whole constituency is within Dagoretti Sub-county.
# Rivendell (disambiguation)

Rivendell (also named Imladris) is a fictional place in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien.
Rivendell may also refer to:
* Radio Rivendell, an internet radio station which features mainly fantasy music from popular fantasy movies and computer games
* Rivendell Bicycle Works, a bicycle manufacturer and retailer based in Walnut Creek, California
* Rivendell Child, Adolescent and Family Unit located in Concord, NSW, Australia
* "Rivendell", a song by Rush from Fly by Night
# Sasni

Sasni is a town and a nagar panchayat in Hathras district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Sasni had a population of 12,943. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sasni has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 56%. In Sasni, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.