OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Copyright Royalty Board

The Copyright Royalty Board (CRB) is a U.S. system of three copyright royalty judges who determine rates and terms for copyright statutory licenses and make determinations on distribution of statutory license royalties collected by the U.S. Copyright Office of the Library of Congress. The board, made up of three permanent copyright royalty judges, was created under the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, which became effective on May 31, 2005, when the Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel system was phased out. These administrative judges are appointed by the Librarian of Congress.

## May 2007 webcasting royalty increase

On May 1, 2007, after 48 days of oral testimony (and 13,288 pages of written testimony), the Copyright Royalty Board set new rates for webcasting for the 2006–2010 License Period. The rates are higher than the then-existing royalties paid for non-interactive webcasting. One component of rate increase was to remove the cap on the per-station/channel minimum fee of USD $500, which used to be $2,500.
The law requires rates to be based on the price that would be set by a marketplace of willing sellers and willing buyers. Much of the discussion focused on the definition of "willing seller". The Board decided that an individual record company was the basic unit of a "willing seller".
An issue that smaller webcasters raised was the desire to be assured that their fees would not exceed their revenue. The Board rejected this reasoning in their final decision because the ability of smaller stations to generate revenue from their operations has little or no bearing on the market value of the rights held by the copyright holders.
A coalition of webcasters that included National Public Radio (NPR) joined together to request a rehearing on the increase in rates. On April 16, 2007, the CRB rejected the appeal on the grounds that no new evidence was introduced.

### License fee rates

Commercial webcasters, per play, per listener rate
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
| Rate (dollars) | 0.0008 | 0.0011 | 0.0014 | 0.0018 | 0.0019 |
There is a minimum annual fee of $500 per channel or station, payable in advance, against the above per-play fees.
For example, under the 2007 rate, 100 unique listeners of a transmission of a sound recording will cost the transmitter eleven cents. The same 100 listeners previously cost a service a little over seven-and-a-half cents from 1998 through 2005. If a service plays an average of 15 songs an hour, and a listener listens for 9.1 hours a week (the average amount according to recent Bridge reports), the listener would cost the service $0.66 a month.
Noncommercial webcasters
Annual fee $500 per channel or station, up to a total of 159,140 aggregate tuning hours (ATH) per month. After this, the per-play rate for commercial webcasters applies. etc.
# Coreaú River

The Coreaú River is a river of Ceará state in eastern Brazil.
# Coreana (disambiguation)

Coreana is a gossamer-winged butterfly genus.
It may also refer to:
* Coreana (company), a South Korean company, linked to the Coreana Cosmetic Museum in Seoul
* "Corana", a Geographic Beanie Baby toy
# Paul Dressel

Paul Leroy Dressel (November 29, 1910 – November 22, 1989) was an American educational psychologist. He was the founding director of the Counseling Center at Michigan State University, and the author of several books.

## Early life

Dressel was born on November 29, 1910. He graduated from Wittenberg University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in 1931. He earned a master's degree from Michigan State University in 1934, and a PhD from the University of Michigan in 1939.

## Career

Dressel began his career as a statistician. He joined Michigan State University as the chairman of its board of examiners. When MSU students first took the Graduate Record Examinations as an experiment for the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in 1943, it was Dressel who analyzed the results.
Dressel founded MSU's Counseling Center for returning veterans of World War II, and he served as its director until 1981. He was also the director of the Office of Institutional Research from 1959 to 1961, and the Assistant Provost from 1961 to 1964.
Dressel was the author of several books, including College To University: The Hannah Years at Michigan State, 1935-1969.

## Personal life and death

Dressel married Wilma Frances Sackett. They had three daughters. He died on November 22, 1989, at 78.
# Coralliophila macleani

Coralliophila macleani is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
# Paul Barnett (producer)

Paul Barnett (born September 1968, in Kingswinford, Staffordshire, England) is a Television Producer and Director.

## Career

After spending his early career creating and directing computer generated imagery sequences, Paul moved on to directing special effects sequences for film and television, before working as a freelance television director and producer for the BBC, ITV, Channel Four and Channel Five.
Since 2002, Paul has directed and produced several high-profile British television documentaries and factual entertainment series.

## Filmography

* 'Wrong Car, Right Car' (2002 / 2003)
* 'SAS Survival Secrets' (2003)
* '60 Minute Makeover' (2004)
* 'Shops, Robbers and Videotape' (2005)
* 'To Buy or Not to Buy' (2005)
* 'Coast' (2006 / 2009 / 2010)
* 'Don't Die Young' (2008)
* 'Embarrassing Bodies' (2008 / 2009 / 2010)
* 'Gardeners' World' (2009 / 2011)
* 'Countryfile' (2010)
* 'Our Man in...' (2011)
* 'Supersize vs Superskinny (2012)
* 'Britain's Craziest Christmas Lights' (2013)
* 'Come Dine with Me' (2012 / 2013 / 2014)
* 'Richard Wilson On The Road' (2014)
* 'The Truth About Healthy Eating' (2015)
* 'Sean Conway: On The Edge' (2016)
* 'Robson Green's Coastal Lives' (2017)
# Paul Tsuchihashi

Paul Yachita Tsuchihashi (土橋 八千太, Tsuchihashi Yachita, 4 December 1866 – 3 March 1965) SJ was a Japanese Roman Catholic priest, mathematician, astronomer, Sinologist, lexicographer, academic and administrator. Father Paul is known for having developed extensive tables for converting traditional Japanese era dates into Gregorian calendar equivalents — compare, e.g., Calendrical Time Conversion Table which is derived from a formula for determining the numbered date in the Japanese month.

## Biography

Tsuchihashi was born in Suwa, Nagano on April 12, 1866. He entered the Jesuits on September 7, 1888, was ordained a priest on August 24, 1901, and professed final vows on February 2, 1905.

## Career

After completing studies in Paris, Tsuchihashi was assigned to Shanghai and the observatory at She Shan Hill (Zose). In this period, his work focused on the movement of asteroids. He also taught mathematics at the Jesuit Aurora University in Xujiahui.
When Sophia University was established in Tokyo in 1913, he became one of the members of the teaching faculty. He taught mathematics and Chinese literature. He was Rector of the university from 1940 until the end of the war years.

## Honors

* Order of the Sacred Treasure

## Selected works

In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Paul Tsuchihashi, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 10+ works in 20 publications in 3 languages and 200+ library holdings.
* Japanese chronological tables from 601 to 1872 (邦曆西曆對照表: 自推古九年至明治五年, Hōreki seireki taishōhyō: Suiko kyūnen yori Meiji gonen ni itaru), 1952 OCLC 001291275
# Paul Needham (footballer)

Paul Needham (born 15 June 1961, Buxton) is an English former professional footballer who played as a full back. He made more than 50 appearances in The Football League for Chester.

## Playing career

Although born in Buxton, Needham grew up in Chester and attended Upton-by-Chester High School in the city. He joined Chester as an apprentice aged 16 after first appearing for their youth side 18 months earlier. He was a contemporary of Ian Rush in Chester's youth ranks in the late 1970s, with Chester enjoying two runs to the last 32 of the FA Youth Cup during this period.
Needham's professional debut followed as a substitute for Richie Gendall in a 1–0 defeat at Oxford United on 15 November 1980, with his first start made in the number two shirt in a 1–0 victory at Fulham on 17 March 1981. Going into 1981–82, Needham was one of just 14 professionals in the Chester side as the wage bill was cut. The side finished adrift at the foot of Division Three and were relegated, although Needham enjoyed his first taste of regular football by making 27 league appearances and scoring his only goal for the club against Reading. The following season saw him appear in 21 league games but he was released along with players including Mark Dean, Paul Johnson, Greg Moffatt and Gary Simpson at the end of the season as the club again heavily reduced its wage bill.
Needham then joined non-league side Oswestry Town. He did not play professionally again.
# Paul Stoffels

Paul, Baron Stoffels (born 8 March 1962 in Turnhout, Belgium) is a Belgian doctor, who studied medicine at the University of Hasselt and the University of Antwerp (UA). In addition he studied Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine at the Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, Belgium. He is Chief Scientific Officier, Worldwide Chairman of Janssen pharmaceuticals and he is a member of the Johnson & Johnson Executive Committee.

## Career

Stoffels worked for four years as a physician and researcher of HIV/AIDS and tropical diseases in Africa, where he met Peter Piot. In 1991 he returned to Belgium and became the Head of Development for the HIV compounds at Janssen Pharmaceutica in Beerse, Belgium. In 1993 he was promoted to Director of Clinical Research and Development for Infectious Diseases and Dermatology. In 1997 he left Janssen Pharmaceuticals and together with Rudi Pauwels co-founded the biotech companies Tibotec and Virco.
When Johnson & Johnson acquired Tibotec-Virco in April 2002, he became Company Group Chairman of the Global Virology Franchise at Johnson & Johnson and Chairman of Tibotec. Stoffels was the Chief Scientific Officer at Johnson & Johnson, and is responsible for the safety of all products of the Johnson & Johnson Family of Companies worldwide as well as leading teams across different sectors (CNS, pain, infectious disease, metabolism, cardiovascular disease, and primary care) to set the companywide innovation agenda.
In 2020 he received the Louis Pasteur Leadership Award in Public Health.
On 12 October 2021 it was announced that Stoffels would be stepping down from his role as Chief Scientific Officer at Johnson & Johnson and into retirement, effective 31 December 2021. A successor was not named.
On January 26, 2022, it was announced that Stoffels would be appointed CEO of the bio-tech company Galapagos, effectively ending his announced retirement.
# Paulo Sérgio (footballer, born 1974)

Paulo Sérgio de Rezende (born 21 June 1974), better known as Paulo Sérgio, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

Paulo Sérgio was a reserve at São Paulo FC for most of the 90s, playing in a few matches mainly during the period in which Roger had relationship problems with coach Paulo César Carpegiani. Played for several other clubs in Brazil, but without managing to establish himself.

## Honours
### São Paulo

* Copa CONMEBOL: 1994
* Campeonato Paulista: 1998, 2000

### Santa Helena

* Campeonato Goiano Second Division: 2008

## Political career

Paulo Sérgio was mayor of the city Hidrolândia, Goiás, from 2013 to 2020.
# Pauwau

Pauwau or Pau wau may refer to:
* Pow wow, a gathering of North American native peoples
* Pauwau, the original Japanese name of Seel (Pokémon), a fictional species of Pokémon
# Pauwegaude

Pauwegaude is a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 2883 people living in 805 individual households.
# Corkery

Corkery may refer to:
* Corkery (surname), a surname
* Corkery, Missouri, an extinct town in Missouri, United States
* Corkery, Ontario, a community in Ottawa, Canada
# Pauline, South Carolina

Pauline is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 209.
Until the 1890s, Pauline was known as Stribling. The community took the name "Pauline" when they were to name a post office and the name "Stribling" was already taken; "Pauline" was the first name of the postmaster's daughter at the time.
Pauline has a post office with the zip code 29374.
The William Dixon Fowler House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

## Education

It is in Spartanburg County School District 6.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Pauline CDP, South Carolina – Demographic Profile (NH = Non-Hispanic) :
| Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 155 | 74.16% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 18 | 8.61% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 1 | 0.48% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 1 | 0.48% |
| Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 16 | 7.66% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 18 | 8.61% |
| Total | 209 | 100.00% |
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
# Corythucha floridana

Corythucha floridana, the Florida oak lace bug, is a species in the family Tingidae, the lace bugs, that is associated with oak trees.

## Description

The adult Corythucha floridana is between 2.3 and 2.6 mm (0.09 and 0.10 in) in length; The colour is white apart from some brown at the base of the elytra (wing-cases).
# Paul Carl Leygebe

Paul Carl Leygebe (1664, Nuremberg – 1756, Berlin) was a German painter and anatomy professor at the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin.

## Life and works

He was the son of Gottfried Christian Leygebe (1630-1683), a sculptor and medallist, originally from Freystadt, who had come to Nuremberg to train as an armorer. In 1668, his father moved the family to Berlin to seek greater opportunities.
From 1699 to 1756, he was a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts. From 1715 until 1755 he was an art teacher and Professor of anatomy there.
He was also an official court painter and created large canvases with scenes depicting the activities of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, King Frederick William I and King Frederick the Great. Among his first works in that capacity (1695) was a monumental painting; "Triumphal Entry of the Great Elector" in King Frederick's bridal chamber.
Later, from 1701 to 1704, he created a ceiling plafond in the "Roten Samtkammer" (Red Velvet Chamber) at the Royal Residence, with an allegory of "Dawn, Sunset, Evening and Night", showing constellations as they were on the day of King Frederick's coronation. These were done under the supervision of Andreas Schlüter, the Court Architect.
He apparently stopped painting around 1730. Much of his work was destroyed or damaged during World War II and the subsequent Communist régime.
# Cornelia Peake McDonald

Cornelia Peake McDonald (June 14, 1822 – January 11, 1909) was an American diarist who was the author of A Diary with Reminiscences of the War and Refugee Life in the Shenandoah Valley, 1860-1865 in which she recaps her life as a woman living in Winchester, Virginia. Her writing is significant as it recaps the views of the American Civil War from the point of a view of a woman living in one of the most frequently re-occupied towns of the conflict. She became known as one of the "Devil Diarists of Winchester."
Peake was born in 1822 in Alexandria, Virginia. She was the youngest of six children of Dr. Humphrey Peake and Annie Linton Lane. She married Angus William McDonald in 1847 in Hannibal, Missouri. The couple would have nine children.
During the Civil War, her husband was away from Winchester serving as the colonel of the 7th Virginia Cavalry, leaving Cornelia to stay home with the children. (He would die in December 1864, leaving her a widow.) She kept a detailed diary during the Civil War, which was published in 1875, with a second edition in 1934. It was reprinted in 2003.

## Works

* A woman's Civil War: a diary, with reminiscences of the war from March 1862 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992), ISBN 9780517222140
# Cosmacanthus

Cosmacanthus is an extinct genus of placoderms in the extinct family Groenlandaspididae that lived during the Late Devonian in Ireland, the UK, Russia and North America. It was named by Louis Agassiz in 1845.
# Payday (Canadian TV series)

Payday is a Canadian talk show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1973 to 1974.

## Premise

This series concerned the relationship between unions and businesses, using a discussion format and evenly seeking points of view from both industry and labour. Topics from the first season included union presence in white-collar work, multi-national unions, pensions, strikebreaking and women in the workforce. The second season topics featured bodies such as the Labour Peace Commission and the Canadian Labour Congress. These newer episodes also discussed resource-based industries such as Albertan oil production, British Columbian forestry, North Atlantic fishing or Yukon mining, while some other episodes discussed arbitration, health and immigration.

## Scheduling

The first season of this half-hour series was broadcast for eight episodes on Sundays at 2:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 22 July to 9 September 1973. Its second season aired 13 episodes Sundays at 1:00 p.m. from 29 September to 29 December 1974. Payday and Dollars and Sense were discontinued in favour of the new Moneymakers series from October 1975 to cover such subject matter.
# Payday Report

Payday Report is an American news agency covering labor and union news. Founded in 2016 by Mike Elk, now the outlet runs as a cooperative. Their original reporting is frequently syndicated to NPR, The Guardian, and more. Payday Report is funded directly by readers via crowdfunding.
During the COVID-19 lockdowns, Payday Report received wide acclaim for tracking wildcat strikes across the United States.

## History

Mike Elk, a longtime labor reporter, founded Payday Report. Elk had previously worked for Politico until he was fired for attempting unionization. This resulted in a National Labor Review Board settlement in Elk's favor. The settlement, combined with crowdfunding, helped to established the news outlet in Chattanooga in 2016. It relocated to Elk's hometown Pittsburgh in 2018.
Most news outlets attach the labor beat to general reporters. However, Payday Report has been one of the few news agencies dedicated to labor reporting. According to Columbia Journalism Review this leads to a "more nuanced and solutions-based" reporting. Notable stories include the 2018 West Virginia teachers' strike and uncovering sexual misconduct at the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
# Peaches and Plums in the Spring Wind

Peaches and Plums in the Spring Wind (Chinese《桃李春风》) is a 1943 play by Lao She, co-written with Zhao Qingge (赵清阁). It was one of the most successful works of Lao She's 1940s attempts at play-writing; however, despite a cash prize from the government for the play, Lao She then returned to novel writing soon after. The play was written to commemorate the Teacher's Day of 1943, as well as to promote national unity and patriotism.
# Corymbia lamprophylla

Corymbia lamprophylla, commonly known as shiny-leaved bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to central Queensland. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and larger branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

## Description

Corymbia lamprophylla is a tree that typically grows to a height of 15 m (49 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, brownish, deeply tessellated bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth grey or cream-coloured bark on branches thinner than about 30 mm (1.2 in). Young plants and coppice regrowth have glossy green leaves that are paler on the lower surface, lance-shaped, 65–135 mm (2.6–5.3 in) long and 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide on a short petiole. Adult leaves are very glossy on the upper surface, paler below, lance-shaped, 70–180 mm (2.8–7.1 in) long and 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) wide, tapering to a petiole 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) long. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched peduncle 8–17 mm (0.31–0.67 in) long, each branch of the peduncle with seven buds on pedicels up to 3 mm (0.12 in) long. Mature buds are pear-shaped to oval, 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide with a rounded operculum that sometimes has a knob in the middle. Flowering occurs from January to April and the flowers are creamy white. The fruit is a woody urn-shaped capsule 11–18 mm (0.43–0.71 in) long and 10–14 mm (0.39–0.55 in) wide with the valves enclosed in the fruit.

## Taxonomy and naming

The shiny-leaved bloodwood was first formally described in 1987 by Ian Brooker and Anthony Bean in the journal Brunonia, and was given the name Eucalyptus lamprophylla from specimens they collected in the "Torrens River" catchment in the White Mountains in 1985. In 1995, Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson changed the name to Corymbia lamprophylla.

## Distribution and habitat

Corymbia lamprophylla grows in shallow, sandy soil on elevated sandstone or granite mainly from near Paluma to the White Mountains in central eastern Queensland.

## Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.
# Court-bouillon

Court-bouillon or court bouillon (in Louisiana, pronounced coo-bee-yon) is a quickly-cooked broth used for poaching other foods, most commonly fish or seafood. It is also sometimes used for poaching vegetables, eggs, sweetbreads, cockscombs, and delicate meats. It includes seasonings and salt but lacks animal gelatin.

## Description

Court bouillon loosely translates from French as "short broth" because the cooking time is brief in comparison with a rich and complex stock, and generally is not served as part of the finished dish. Because delicate foods do not cook for very long, it is prepared before the foods are added. Typically, cooking times do not exceed 60 minutes.
Although a court bouillon may become the base for a stock or fumet, in traditional terms it is differentiated by the inclusion of acidulating ingredients such as wine, vinegar, or lemon juice. In addition to contributing their own flavor, acids help to draw flavors from the vegetable aromatics during the short preparation time prior to use. Court bouillon also includes salt and lacks animal gelatin.

## Types

Traditionally, court bouillon is made from water, salt, white wine, vegetable aromatics (mirepoix of carrot, onion, and celery), and flavored with bouquet garni and black pepper.
Court-bouillon need not be elaborate. Court bouillon used to prepare lobster may be as simple as water, salt, lemon juice, and perhaps thyme and bay leaf; that for poached eggs may be salt, water, and vinegar.
In Louisiana Creole and Cajun cuisines, court-bouillon — often spelled "courtbouillon" — refers to a thick, rich fish stew most often prepared with redfish and thickened with roux.