OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Solon Township, Kent County, Michigan

Solon Township is a civil township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,496 at the 2020 census, a notable increase from 5,974 at the 2010 census.
It is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is located about 15 miles (24 km) north of the city of Grand Rapids.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.28 square miles (93.96 km$^2$), of which 34.72 square miles (89.92 km$^2$) is land and 1.56 square miles (4.04 km$^2$) (4.30%) is water.

### Major highways

* US 131 runs north briefly through the southeast corner of the township.
* M-46 runs west–east through the southern portion of the township before running concurrent with U.S. Route 131.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,662 people, 1,682 households, and 1,310 families residing in the township. The population density was 130.1 inhabitants per square mile (50.2/km$^2$). There were 1,778 housing units at an average density of 49.6 units per square mile (19.2 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.31% White, 0.26% African American, 1.16% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.60% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.74% of the population.
There were 1,682 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the township the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $44,814, and the median income for a family was $50,439. Males had a median income of $36,736 versus $27,451 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,540. About 2.5% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Nelson Township is served by four separate school districts. The majority of the township is served by Cedar Springs Public Schools. Portions of the western side of the township are served by Kent City Community Schools. A very small portion of the northeast corner of the township is served by Tri County Area Schools, and another very small portion of the northwest portion of the township is served by Grant Public School District to the north in Newaygo County.

## Notable people

Mary Welch, 10-month old infant murdered by her parents
# Troy Mills, Iowa

Troy Mills is an unincorporated community in northern Linn County, Iowa, United States. It lies along local roads north of the city of Cedar Rapids, the county seat of Linn County. Its elevation is 869 feet (265 m). Although Troy Mills is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 52344, which opened on 10 June 1867, and a full volunteer fire department.

## History

Troy Mills was laid out in 1870. A gristmill and sawmill had existed there previously. Troy Mills' population was 109 in 1902.

## Education

The North Linn Community School District operates area public schools.
# John Pringle (geologist)

Dr John Pringle FRSE FGS (21 October 1877–2 August 1948) was a Scottish geologist who won the Geological Society of London's Lyell Medal in 1938.

## Life

He was born in Selkirk on 21 October 1877 and studied geology at Heriot Watt College in Edinburgh, graduating around 1900.
From 1901 he worked for HM Geological Survey, initially as a fossil collector. In 1913 he became Assistant Palaeontologist to the Survey.
The University of Wales awarded him an honorary doctorate (DSc) in 1931. In 1932 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Murray Macgregor, James Ernest Richey, James Phemister and Robert Campbell.
In 1934 he became the official Palaeontologist to the Survey. In 1935, he published British Regional Geology: The South of Scotland. He retired in 1937 and died on 2 August 1948.
# Sonnet 123

Sonnet 123 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man.

## Structure

Sonnet 123 is an English or Shakespearean sonnet. The English sonnet has three quatrains, followed by a final rhyming couplet. It follows the typical rhyme scheme of the form ABAB CDCD EFEF GG and is composed in iambic pentameter, a type of poetic metre based on five pairs of metrically weak/strong syllabic positions. The 3rd line exemplifies a regular iambic pentameter:
    / = ictus, a metrically strong syllabic position. × = nonictus.
Although every line may be scanned regularly, some lines may be otherwise construed, such as line 13 which can be read with an initial reversal:
The meter demands a few variant pronunciations: line 10's "wondering" functions as two syllables, and line 12's "continual" as three; line 11's "records" (although it is a noun, not a verb) is to be stressed on the second syllable.

## Analysis

Shakespeare addresses the ideas of change and growth in one's lifetime by metaphorically standing up against time Father Time. The major theme is that years continue to pass and the narrator is naturally getting older with each passing year, but he does not feel that it is necessary for his character to change accordingly. There are changes in the physical world that may happen within one's lifetime (pyramids), but that is not substantial on a personal level. Even so, we ought to respect what was done before us; however, that does not mean we have to revere it and at the same time an individual's pride would persuade one to think of these ideas as one's own, rather than something merely copied from the past (lines 5–8). There is little point in worrying about what has already happened, or for that matter worrying about what is happening now, but one should just live one's life for what it is. Copying down events and comparing written records with mental recollection is pointless because it wastes time in the present to do so, and time is continually moving (lines 9–12). Finally, the narrator resolves that no matter what happens in life (as new events to come are "done" by Time) he will stick to his own constitution and be true to himself regardless of what any consequences may be.
There are numerous other takes on the sonnet ranging from the poem's use of time (or lack thereof) as a metaphor for the tyranny of post-modernist working life as well as the potential sociopolitical themes apparent in the poem's thematic fear of change (conservatism).
This sonnet is one of the few pieces in Shakespeare that references ideas such as time, change, and death without the use of direct biblical or literary allusion.
# John Reichert Farmhouse

The John Reichert Farmhouse is a Stick style house built around 1885 and located in Mequon, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
John Reichert built this house around 1885 on his 80-acre farm. The house is two stories, with a cross-gable floor-plan. The east and north ends sport trompe-l'œil bay windows. Above them the gable peaks are decorated with elaborate woodwork.
# John M. Otto

John Matthew Otto (9 November 1714 – 9 August 1785/1793) was a German-born physician.
Born in Meiningen in Germany, Otto studied medicine in Augsburg before moving to Pennsylvania. Landing in Bethlehem in 1750, he began working as a physician, surgeon, chemist, and pharmacist on the Moravian settlement there. His services were sought after as far as Philadelphia and he became well known in the scientific circles there, leading to his election to the American Philosophical Society in 1769.
He married Joanna M. Dressler and Maria Schmidt. With Joanna, he fathered three children: Sophia (died age 2), Rebecca (1765–1828), and Sophia Magdelene (1769–1810). He is buried at the Moravian Cemetery in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
# John Rycardes

John Rycardes, or Rychard (died 1527) was an English-born cleric and judge in sixteenth-century Ireland. He held the offices of Master of the Rolls in Ireland and Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
He was born in Yorkshire, possibly at Kirk Sandall. He was a cousin of William Rokeby, Archbishop of Dublin 1515–1521. He probably came to Ireland in Rokeby's entourage in 1507 on the latter's appointment as Bishop of Meath. Rycardes was appointed rector of Trim, County Meath. The Archbishop made him executor of his will and bequeathed him a ring.
Rycardes became Dean of St Patrick's in 1522 and Master of the Rolls in 1523. In the latter year he was given leave to reside at the English Court for ten years, probably as a precaution against his succumbing to bubonic plague or to the sweating sickness, both of which were rampant in Dublin in the 1520s. His successor as Dean, Robert Sutton, had a similar fear of disease, and never actually visited Dublin, or set foot in his Cathedral during his time as Dean.
Rycardes evidently did go to England but returned to Ireland in 1524; he was still alive at Christmas 1526, but died early the following year.
# John W. Kintzinger

John W. Kintzinger (August 12, 1870 – April 3, 1946) was a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from January 1, 1933, to December 31, 1938, appointed from Dubuque County, Iowa.
# Soo Line Depot

Soo Line Depot may refer to the following train stations used by the Soo Line Railroad:

## Illinois

* Grand Central Station (Chicago), major passenger terminal in Chicago where the Soo Line was one of the primary tenants

## Minnesota

* Crosby station (Minnesota), listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Crow Wing County
* Moose Lake station, listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Carlton County
* Remer station, listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cass County, Minnesota
* Thief River Falls station, listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennington County

## Montana

* Outlook station (Montana), also known as Soo Line Depot, listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sheridan County

## North Dakota

* Minot station (Soo Line), housing the Old Soo Depot Transportation Museum
* Wilton station (North Dakota), also known as Soo Line Depot

## South Dakota

* Pollock station, listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Campbell County

## Wisconsin

* Frederic Depot, listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Polk County
* Osceola station (Wisconsin), listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Polk County
* Ashland station (Soo Line), listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Ashland County, Wisconsin
* New Richmond station (Wisconsin), listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Croix County
* Soo Line Depot, or Waupaca Railroad Depot, Waupaca, Wisconsin
# Tuineau

Tuineau is a name. Notable people with the name include:
* Tuineau Alipate (1967–2021), Tongan gridiron football player
* Joe Tuineau (born 1981), Tonga rugby union footballer
* Steve Tuineau Iloa (born 1969), Tongan-born Spanish rugby union player
# Tuinem

Teinem is a village located west of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state in India. As per 2011 census, the village has a total of 802 households with 4058 persons of which 2031 are male while 2037 are female. Of the total population, 13.45% are in the age group of 0–6 years. The average sex ratio of the village is 863 female per 1000 male. The literacy rate of the village is 83.09%. Neighbouring villages of Teinem are Phalee, Seikhor, Sirarakhong, Ngainga and Lamlang.

## Religion

Teinem is one of the Tangkhul villages that embraced Christianity very early. For this, the villagers got access to western education right from the coming of Christian missionaries to Ukhrul district. 99.9% of the population are Christians. According to 2011 census, the literacy rate of the village was 83.09% which is higher than the state's average of 76.94%.

## People and Occupation

The village is home to people of Tangkhul Naga tribe. Agriculture is the primary occupation of the inhabitants.
# Lowell, Missouri

Lowell is an unincorporated community in Linn County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Lowell was established in 1896, and remained in operation until 1901. It is unclear why the name Lowell was applied to this community.
# Spring and Autumn Courts

Spring and Autumn Courts (春秋决狱) were an ancient Chinese judicial system, in which judges judge how to convict a case based on the ideas of righteousness of the Spring and Autumn Annals. The Spring and Autumn Courts began in the reign of Emperor Wu of Han and continued until the Tang dynasty when Confucianism and Jurisprudence merged to create the "unity of ritual and law".

## History

In the early years of the Western Han, most of the government's laws came from the Qin dynasty. However, as history developed the overly harsh Qin law [zh] could not adapt to social development. As Confucianism gradually gained the attention of the central government, especially after the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, he "dismissed the hundred schools and implemented Exclusive Confucianism [zh]", making Confucian thought orthodox.
Dong Zhongshu was involved in important court positions, and even after he retired, the court would still seek his advice on cases. Dong Zhongshu and others organized and edited the Spring and Autumn Decisions, using the Spring and Autumn period and other Confucian classics as a guide. This book contains 232 typical cases decided by the Spring and Autumn to serve as a reference basis for judging cases.

## Evaluation
### Positive

"The core of the "Spring and Autumn Judgment" is "conviction on the heart", that is, determining the guilt or innocence of a person according to his or her subjective motivation, intentions, and desires and the sentencing of the person. The Spring and Autumn system limits to some extent the problem of penal strangulation of families and has helped to mitigate the harsh legal system since the Qin dynasty. The "Spring and Autumn Jailbreak" stabilized the Han dynasty regime to a certain extent and brought Confucianism into the law, further strengthening the influence of Confucianism on the ruling class.

### Negative

Due to its certain subjectivity and ambiguity, especially the blurring of the boundaries between morality and law as well, it also provides some basis for the rulers' subjective will of the ruler to decide the case or even to convict someone for punishment. It actually expands the influence of the subjective judgment of the case judge, and also makes the case judgment produce a certain arbitrariness, thus bringing negative impact to the final result of the case judgment.
# Philautus worcesteri

Philautus worcesteri, the Mindanao bubble-nest frog, or smooth-skinned tree frog is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Mindanao, the Philippines.
Its natural habitats are lower montane and lowland forests, and it occurs also in slightly disturbed habitats. It is an arboreal species. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by logging, agriculture, and infrastructure development.
# Ruger MP9

The Ruger MP9 is a 9×19mm submachine gun/machine pistol introduced by Sturm, Ruger & Co. in 1995. The MP9 was designed by Uziel Gal, designer of the Uzi.

## History

In the late 1980s, Gal, designer of the Uzi, improved his design. During this time, American gun manufacturer Sturm, Ruger & Co., bought the rights to the Uzi. The MP9 entered Ruger's catalogs in 1995.
However, despite recognition as the "improved Uzi" by its creator, the MP9 was not successful. The weapon was intended for American government agents for use in close quarters defense, but was not adopted.
The MP9 saw use during the Burundian Civil War.

## Design

The MP9 was designed by Gal as an attempt to improve upon the Uzi. The MP9 uses a hammer-fired closed-bolt design. Foundational elements, such as the blowback operating action, are similar with minor improvements for efficiency. Similar to the Uzi, the MP9 was designed around simplicity, with these combination of factors leading the MP9 to be named the "improved Uzi".
Other changes Ruger and Gal designed included a change of materials. Development of polymers during the 1980s inspired the designers to adopt those materials: the lower receiver and pistol grip of the MP9 are manufactured from Zytel, a polymer designed during the 1980s. The polymer butt-stock connects to the frame via a polymer hinge.
The MP9 has a three-position switch co-mingling the 'safety' and 'fire' selector: the upper position of the lever indicates the MP9 is "safe" (aka non-firing), the mid-position causes the MP9 to operate in semi-automatic mode, the bottom position switches the MP9 to automatic mode so the 32-round magazine can be emptied in three seconds.
The MP9 has a firing-pin block to prevent an impact-related negligent discharge if it is dropped.
The MP9 has a detachable barrel cushioned by a spring while the bolt was closed to reduce the effects of recoil.
The MP9 cocking-handle is on top of the stainless-steel receiver.
# St Martins and Deritend (ward)

St Martins and Deritend was a ward of the County Borough of Birmingham. It was abolished in 1949.

## Ward Description

The ward covered an area of south central Birmingham, including the districts of Deritend and Bordesley.

## Ward History

The ward was created in, with the boundaries being unaltered between 1934 and 1949.

## Parliamentary Representation

The ward has been part of Birmingham constituency.

## Politics

The ward was generally a Socialist ward, although it was won by the Tories in the immediate pre-war era.

## Election results
### 1940’s

12 May 1949 Electorate 14,161 Turnout 45.1%, :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | L Chaffey | 3,281 | 51.4% |
| | Conservative | H Harvey | 3,105 | 48.6% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 176 | 2.8% |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
1 November 1947 Electorate 14,162 Turnout 42.7%, :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | E Horton | 3,027 | 50.0% |
| | Conservative | G Baragwanath | 3,021 | 50.0% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 6 | 0.0% |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
2 November 1946 Electorate 13,509 Turnout 31.6%, :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | T Paton | 2,686 | 62.9% |
| | Conservative | A Brooks | 1,581 | 37.1% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,105 | 25.8% |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
3 November 1945 Electorate 12,760 Turnout 32.1%, :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | James Tonks | 2,699 | 66.0% |
| | Conservative | Edgar Keely | 1,392 | 34.0% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,307 | 32.0% |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
# Rambir Singh Sangwan

Ram Bir Singh is an Assistant Commandant in the India Border Security Force and was a member of the India national kabaddi team that won an Asiad gold medal in 1998.
# Falmouth (1796 ship)

Falmouth was built in America and entered Lloyd's Register in 1796. She became a Liverpool-based slave ship that a privateer captured during Falmouth's first voyage in the triangular trade in enslaved people.
Lloyd's Register listed her with Pearson, master, J.Hodgson, owner, and trade Liverpool–Africa.
Captain Richard Pearson sailed from Liverpool for West Africa on 21 July 1796.
In 1796, 103 British vessels sailed from British ports, bound on enslaving voyages. Ninety-four sailed from Liverpool.
Falmouth was reported in January 1797 to have reached Africa. She acquired captives at Îles de Los.
As she was on her way to Barbados, a Spanish privateer of 18 guns captured her.
Another report had a French squadron under "Renier" capturing Bell, Thompson master, Union, Galbraith, master, and Falmouth, Pearson, master, on the African Windward Coast. The French then gave Falmouth up to the crews.
It is quite possible that Falmouth was captured twice, first by the French and then by the Spanish privateer. There is no further mention of Falmouth in Lloyd's List for 1797 or 1798 after the above two reports, including no mention in the ship arrivals and departure (SAD) data, suggesting that if the French gave her up she did not return to England. Bell was on her eighth enslaving voyage when she was captured. Union was on her first enslaving voyage, and had not embarked any slaves before she was captured.
In 1797, 40 British vessels engaged in enslaving were lost. Thirteen were lost in the Middle Passage, i.e., while sailing from Africa to the West Indies. During the period 1793 to 1807, war, rather than maritime hazards or resistance by the captives, was the greatest cause of vessel losses among British enslaving vessels.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Lloyd's Register (1796), "F" supple. pages.
* 1 2 Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Falmouth voyage #81360.
* ↑ Williams (1897), p. 680.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 2924. 16 March 1797. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049069.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 2911. 31 March 1797. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049069.
* ↑ Inikori (1996), p. 62.
* ↑ Inikori (1996), p. 58.
# Federal Specification for Candy and Chocolate Confections

Candy and Chocolate Confections, Federal Specification Z-C-2104, is a document that defines and outlines requirements for candy and chocolates that the United States federal government may use, and further defines the conditions under which a new type of candy may be found suitable for use by government agencies. Specification Z-C-2104 was first enacted in 1979 by the Federal Supply Service, part of the Federal Acquisition Service, which in turn is part of the General Services Administration.

## Section 1: Scope and Classification

Section 1 of the Specification defines candies as falling into one of eight Types; candies are further grouped by distinctive features within each Type. Candies are additionally classified in one of five styles, which include bars, rolls, disks, pieces, and bags.
* Type I: Chocolate coated candy
* Type II: Starch jelly candies
* Type III: Caramel and Toffee
* Type IV: Lozenges, compressed, and peppermint
* Type V: Hard candy
* Type VI: Sugar, pan-coated confections
* Type VII: Enriched sweet chocolate with almonds, buttercrunch, or toffee
* Type VIII: Fudge bar, chocolate

## Section 2: Applicable documents

Section 2 of the Specification contains an extensive list of references to other federal regulations that may apply to candy. Such documents include, for example, Federal Specification L-C-110 (now depreciated), which specified the type of cellophane that may be used for preservative use. Other cross-referenced documents include Federal standards on food packaging, military specifications on labeling, United States Department of Agriculture requirements on quality of food items, and so forth.

## Section 3: Requirements

Section 3 of the Specifications define, in great detail, the process by which applicants may bid for candy supply contracts. Forty-five sub-subsections describe requirements for ingredients, quality, appearance, and dimensions of proposed candy.
# Falls of the Braan

Falls of the Braan is a waterfall of Scotland located in the Hermitage at the National Trust for Scotland-protected site in Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross.