OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Russian State Children's Library

The Russian State Children's Library, also called the RGDB, is the world's largest Children's library, located in the Russian capital of Moscow. The library receives 45,000 visitors a year and 1.2 million online visitors annually. As of 2019, the Russian State Children's Library has over 560,000 books in its collection, in addition to other materials.

## History

The building was established in December 1969, celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2019. Vladimir Putin congratulated the library's anniversary. The Library runs a cultural exchange project called Hello, Neighbour! that seeks to introduce Russians to other cultures. In 2019, the Emirati Kalimat Foundation for Children's Empowerment donated large numbers of Arabic children's books to the library as part of a cultural exchange program with Arabs, and in 2020, the library hosted an online "Fabulous Azerbaijan" initiative about Azerbaijani culture and traditions. The RGDB held a "Draw Egypt" contest in October 2020 in which Russian children submitted drawings of what they thought Egypt must be like.
Russian President Vladimir Putin and First Lady of the United States Laura Bush visited the library together in 2002.
# Simon de Montfort (died 1188)

Simon de Montfort (died 1188), sometimes known as Simon IV de Montfort, was lord of Montfort-l'Amaury from 1181 to 1188. He was the son of Simon III de Montfort, Count of Évreux and Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury. On his death, Simon III left the comté of Évreux to his elder son Amaury V, and his French properties in Montfort-l'Amaury and Rochefort-en-Yvelines to Simon.$^{:340}$
Montfort married Amicia, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester.$^{:340}$ They had two sons and a daughter:
* Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester
* Guy de Montfort, Lord of Sidon
* Petronilla (Pernel) de Montfort, wife of Barthélemy de Roye [fr]

## Note

$^A$ His son the 5th Earl is also sometimes known as Simon IV. The discrepancy in numbering arises from confusion between Simon III de Montfort (died 1181) and his son (the subject of this article, died 1188). The latter was historically unknown, and Simon III was believed to be the father (not the grandfather) of the 5th Earl, who is therefore known as Simon IV in some sources and Simon V in others.
# Partition

Partition may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Film and television

* Partition (1987 film), directed by Ken McMullen
* Partition (2007 film), directed by Vic Sarin
* Partition: 1947, or Viceroy's House, a 2017 film

### Music

* Partition (music), a segment created from a set
* "Partition" (song), by Beyoncé, 2014
* Partition, soundtrack to the 2007 film by Brian Tyler

## Law and politics

* Partition (law), the division of an estate
* Partition (politics), a change of political borders, including:
** Partition of India
** Partition of Ireland

## Science and technology
### Computing

* Disk partitioning, the division of a hard disk drive
* Memory partition, a memory management technique
* Partition (database), the division of a logical database
* Logical partition, a subset of a computer's resources, virtualized as a separate computer
* Binary space partitioning, in computer science
* Partition problem, in number theory and computer science

### Mathematics

* Integer partition, a way to write an integer as a sum of other integers
* Multiplicative partition, a way to write an integer as a product of other integers
* Partition of an interval, a finite sequence of real numbers
* Partition of a set, grouping elements of a set
* Partition of unity, of a topological space
* Plane partition, in mathematics and especially combinatorics
* Graph partition, the reduction of a graph to a smaller graph

## Other uses

* Folding screen, a piece of furniture
* Portable partition, a form of temporary walls
* Ljubljanica Sluice Gate, or the Partition (Pregrada)
* Division of the field, or partition of the field, in heraldry
# Muscadelle

Muscadelle (French pronunciation: ) is a white wine grape variety. It has a simple aroma of grape juice and raisins like grapes of the Muscat family of grapes, but it is unrelated.
DNA analysis has indicated that Muscadelle is a cross between Gouais blanc and an unidentified grape variety.

## Wine regions

In France, it is a minor constituent in the dry and sweet wines of Bordeaux, such as Sauternes. It rarely makes up more than 10% of the blend, which is dominated by Sémillon and Sauvignon blanc. Throughout the 1990s and the beginning of the 21st century, plantings of the grape were falling. Some sweet wines from Monbazillac, on the other hand, can have a higher proportion of Muscadelle.
In Australia, the grape is used to make a fortified wine, now known as Topaque (formerly Tokay). Those made in the Rutherglen region generally receive considerable aging in hot cellars, leading to a maderised and oxidative character. A few other Australian wine regions, including the Barossa Valley, make similar wines. A few other Australian wineries use Muscadelle to make table wines in a similar way to French wineries. In accordance with an agreement reached with the EU, Australian producers phased out their use of the term Tokay by 2020, most choosing instead the name Topaque to represent this style.
The name, Tokay, convinced some Australian producers that the grape was Pinot gris (which used to be called Tokay by producers in Alsace). Others thought the grape might have been Hárslevelű, one of the components of the famous Hungarian sweet wine Tokaji. However, it has been proven that Australian Tokay is Muscadelle.

## Synonyms

Muscadelle is also known under the synonyms Angelicaut, Angelico, Blanc Cadillac, Blanche Douce, Bouillenc Muscat, Buillenc, Cadillac, Catape, Colle, Colle Musquette, Doucanelle, Douzanelle, Enfin, Guepie, Guilan Doux, Guilan Muscat, Guilan Musque, Guillan, Guillan Musque, Guinlhan Musque, Marmesie, Marseillais, Muscade, Muscadela, Muscadelle de Bordelais, Muscadet, Muscadet Doux, Muscalea, Muscat Fou, Musquette, Pedro Ximenes Krimsky, Raisimotte, Raisin de Musco, Raisinote, Raisinotte, Rousselou, Sauvignon à Gros Grains, Sauvignon Muscadelle, Sauvignon vert, Tokay, Vesparo, and White Angelica.
# Synge's theorem

In mathematics, specifically Riemannian geometry, Synge's theorem is a classical result relating the curvature of a Riemannian manifold to its topology. It is named for John Lighton Synge, who proved it in 1936.

## Theorem and sketch of proof

Let M be a closed Riemannian manifold with positive sectional curvature. The theorem asserts:
* If M is even-dimensional and orientable, then M is simply connected.
* If M is odd-dimensional, then it is orientable.
In particular, a closed manifold of even dimension can support a positively curved Riemannian metric only if its fundamental group has one or two elements.
The proof of Synge's theorem can be summarized as follows. Given a geodesic S$^1$ → M with an orthogonal and parallel vector field along the geodesic (i.e. a parallel section of the normal bundle to the geodesic), then Synge's earlier computation of the second variation formula for arclength shows immediately that the geodesic may be deformed so as to shorten its length. The only tool used at this stage is the assumption on sectional curvature.
The construction of a parallel vector field along any path is automatic via parallel transport; the nontriviality in the case of a loop is whether the values at the endpoints coincide. This reduces to a problem of pure linear algebra: let V be a finite-dimensional real inner product space with T: V → V an orthogonal linear map with an eigenvector v with eigenvalue one. If the determinant of T is positive and the dimension of V is even, or alternatively if the determinant of T is negative and the dimension of V is odd, then there is an eigenvector w of T with eigenvalue one which is orthogonal to v. In context, V is the tangent space to M at a point of a geodesic loop, T is the parallel transport map defined by the loop, and v is the tangent vector to the geodesic.
Given any noncontractible loop in a complete Riemannian manifold, there is a representative of its (free) homotopy class which has minimal possible arclength, and it is a geodesic. According to Synge's computation, this implies that there cannot be a parallel and orthogonal vector field along this geodesic. However:
* Orientability implies that the parallel transport map along every loop has positive determinant. Even-dimensionality then implies the existence of a parallel vector field, orthogonal to the geodesic.
* Non-orientability implies the non-contractible loop can be chosen so that the parallel transport map has negative determinant. Odd-dimensionality then implies the existence of a parallel vector field, orthogonal to the geodesic.
This contradiction establishes the non-existence of noncontractible loops in the first case, and the impossibility of non-orientability in the latter case.
Alan Weinstein later rephrased the proof so as to establish fixed points of isometries, rather than topological properties of the underlying manifold.
# S.D. Panamá Oeste

Sociedad Deportiva Panamá Oeste is a Panamanian football team playing at the Liga Prom.
It is based in Capira. Until 2011, the team was known as Chorrillito Fútbol Club de Arraiján.

## History
### Chorrillito F.C.

In 2007 Chorrillito promoted to the Liga Nacional de Ascenso after defeating Five Star 4–2 in the Copa Rommel Fernández final. In its first season in the Liga Nacional de Ascenso in 2008, Chorrillito managed to reach both the Apertura and Clausura finals but lost in both cases against Orión and Río Abajo respectively.

### S.D. Panamá Oeste

For the Clausura championship of the 2010-11 Liga Nacional de Ascenso season Chorrillito changed its name to Sociedad Deportiva Panamá Oeste. In that season they reached the quarterfinal stage of the championship after finishing 3rd in their group (Group B), however they were defeated by SUNTRACS on a 3–0 aggregate score.
On June 14, 2023 it was announced on Twitter that the team was renamed as Academia Costa del Este and would also affect the U-18 team, the feminine team that plays at LFF (panamanian feminine top league) won't be affected.

## Honours

* Copa Rommel Fernández
** Champions (1): 2007

## Year-by-year results
### Liga Nacional de Ascenso

| Season | Position | League Record | League Record | League Record | League Record | League Record | League Record | League Record | League Record | Play-offs |
| | | P | W | T | L | F | A | +/- | Pts | |
| 2008 (A) | 2/8 | 17 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 43 | 35 | +8 | 26 | Runner-up |
| 2008 (C) | 2/8 | 17 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 33 | 30 | +3 | 25 | Runner-up |
| 2009 (A) I | 5/10 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 7 | 35 | 36 | −1 | 31 | Did not qualify |
| 2009 (A) II | 5/10 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 7 | 37 | 24 | +13 | 31 | Did not qualify |
# R432 road (Ireland)

The R432 road is a regional road in Ireland, which runs north–south from the R430 in Abbeyleix, County Laois to the N77 in Ballyragget, County Kilkenny.
The route is 17 km (11 mi) long.
# Hsieh Hsi-en

Hsieh Hsi-en 謝喜恩 (born 29 September 1994) is a Taiwanese athlete from Yuli, Hualien.
She reached the semifinals at the Athletics at the Athletics at the 2017 Summer Universiade – Women's 100 metres hurdles but didn't make it through the heats at Athletics at the 2019 Summer Universiade – Women's 100 metres hurdles.
She was sixth at the 2019 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 100 metres hurdles, eighth at the Athletics at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's 100 metres hurdles and represented Chinese Taipei at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the 2020 Olympics Women's 100 metres, for which the country received a Universality place.
She is a student at National Taiwan Normal University.
# Class 153

Class 153 may refer to:
* British Rail Class 153
* Kaidai-type submarine, also known as I-153 class
# Samuel Dwight

Samuel Dwight (1669? – 10 November 1737) was an English physician.

## Biography

Dwight was born about 1669. He was possibly the son of the potter John Dwight. A brother Philip was vicar of Fulham from 1708 till his death in 1729. Another brother, Edmund, was born in 1676. In July 1687 the father is described as being then of Wigan, Lancashire (Oxford Matriculation Register, cited in Welch, Alumni Westmon. 1852, p. 207). Samuel entered Westminster School in 1686, matriculated a commoner of Christ Church, Oxford, 12 July 1687, when eighteen years of age, and as a member of that house proceeded B.A. 23 May 1691, M.A. 14 Feb. 1693 (Oxford Graduates, 1851, p. 201). Some verses of his occur among the academical rejoicings on the birth of James II's son in 1688; others are in the collection celebrating the return of William III from Ireland in 1690. He was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians 25 June 1731. On the title-pages of two of his medical treatises, published respectively in 1725 and 1731, he is represented as a doctor of medicine; but his degree was not recognised by the college (cf. Lists of Coll. of Physicians in Brit. Mus.) He practised at Fulham, and dying there 10 November 1737, was buried in the church on the 17th (Lysons, Environs, Supplement, p. 150). Dwight was the author of:
* ‘De Vomitione, ejusque excessu curando; nec non de emeticis medicamentis, &c.,’ 8vo, London, 1722.
* ‘De Hydropibus: deque Medicamentis ad eos utilibus expellendos, &c.,’ 8vo, London, 1725.
* ‘De Febribus symptomaticis … deque earum curatione,’ 8vo, London, 1731. This last treatise is dedicated to Sir Hans Sloane, whom Dwight was accustomed to consult in cases of more than ordinary difficulty (cf. his letter to Sloane, 21 Nov. 1721, Addit. MS. 4043, f. 226). Dwight is sometimes wrongly credited (cf. Gent. Mag. vii. 702) with the inventions in pottery made by John Dwight
# Samantabhum

Samantabhum was the name given to the tract of country in the Chhatna area in present Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

Tradition has it that this tract was conquered in 1403 AD by Sankha Ray, a samanta or general of the emperor of Delhi. His son, Hamir Uttar Ray, enlarged the territories. His son, Bir Hambir Ray, was attacked by one Bhawani Jharah, with the assistance of the Raja of Panchakot, and nearly finished off the royal family. Twelve sons of Bir Hambir Ray escaped, later returned, killed the usurper and regained the kingdom. For some time ruled the kingdom but later married one of their daughters to Nisanka Narayan, a kshatriya from Sikari Fatehpur, and made him the Raja. The family ruled for many years but finally lost formal control.
# Samuel Gerrish

Samuel Gerrish (c. 1680 – c. 1741) was an American bookseller and publisher based in Boston during the 18th century. He kept a shop "near the brick meeting house in Cornhill," and published works by Thomas Prince and others. Employees included Thomas Hancock.

## Family

He married Mary Sewall (daughter of Samuel Sewall) in 1709; children included Samuel Gerrish (d.1751).
# East Fork Township

East Fork Township may refer to:
* East Fork Township, Faulkner County, Arkansas, in Faulkner County, Arkansas
* East Fork Township, Clinton County, Illinois
* East Fork Township, Montgomery County, Illinois
* East Fork Township, Haywood County, North Carolina
* East Fork Township, Benson County, North Dakota
* East Fork Township, Williams County, North Dakota, in Williams County, North Dakota
# East Fork Township, North Dakota

East Fork Township may refer to the following townships in the U.S. state of North Dakota:
* East Fork Township, Benson County, North Dakota
* East Fork Township, Williams County, North Dakota
# Samuel Adesina Gbadebo

Samuel Adesina Gbadebo, otherwise known as Gbadebo II, was a Nigerian traditional monarch who held the title of Alake of Egbaland. Prior to becoming Alake, Gbadebo organized agricultural shows in the Western region of Nigeria.

## Life

Gbadebo was born in September 1908 to the royal family of Oba Gbadebo I and Esther Omolara. He graduated from Abeokuta Grammar School. He began his professional career within the Egba Native Authority, where he had the opportunity to work with Alake Ladapo Ademola, who took interest in his career. Thereafter, he joined the staff of the Nigerian Railway Corporation as a clerk, he worked for the railways thereafter in both the Eastern and Western regions. In 1936, he returned to Abeokuta, engaged with the Egba Native Authority, he took classes in forestry at Ibadan and later became head of forestry for the Egba Native Authority. Between 1954 and 1955, he was in training at the British Forestry Commission. When he returned to Nigeria, he worked for the Western region in promoting agricultural shows.
In 1963, he was appointed Alake of Egbaland. In his new role, he established an advisory committee consisting of the four areas of Abeokuta: Ake, Gbagura, Oke-Ona and Owu. The committee's decisions were forwarded to the district council for guidance on Abeokuta matters. Gbadebo also instigated a unifying committee to manage the affairs of the Abeokuta Urban District Council and Abeokuta Divisional Council. He sided with Akintola's NNA alliance during the Western region political crisis between 1964 and 1966 and sought to use his patronage to support Egbaland.
He died in 1971 and was succeeded by Oba Lipede. He is an uncle of Oba Gbadebo III.
# San Giuseppe, Ragusa

San Giuseppe ("St Joseph") is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located in the city of Ragusa, in southern Sicily, Italy.

## History

A church was erected here in 1756-1796 under the patronage of the Benedictine order. The church and an adjacent convent of nuns occupied a site where prior to the 1693 earthquake, a church dedicated San Tommaso had been located. The architect is unknown, but in the circle of Rosario Gagliardi. Like many local churches, the façade has three highly sculpted orders, decorated with statues of saints of the Benedictine orders, including Saints Benedict and Mauro above and Saints Gertrude and Scholastica below. Flanking the entrance are statues of St Pope Gregory the Great and St Augustine by Giambattista Muccio in 1775. Above the entrance portals were iron grillwork screens (1774) by Filippo Scattarelli; these screens allowed the nuns to view religious processions.
The interior has an oval layout, but kept a large choir and coretti situated over the entrance and flanking the nave, where the nuns could hear the mass while remaining cloistered from the public. The vault fresco depicts a Glory of St Benedict with St Joseph (1793) by Sebastiano Monaco. The walls are elaborately stuccoed (1793) by Agrippino Maggiore and the Cultrera family from Licodia Eubea. The altars (19th century) have elaborate scagliola, and have altarpieces by Tommaso Pollace and Giuseppe Crestadoro, depicting the Trinity, St Mauro, St Benedict, and Ste Gertrude. The pavement has white stone and maiolica tiles. The vestibule has statues depicting St Benedict (17th century) and a silver-coated St Joseph (1785).
# Rhododendron micranthum

Rhododendron micranthum (照山白) is a rhododendron species native to China and Korea, where it grows at altitudes of 1,000–3,000 m (3,300–9,800 ft). It is an evergreen shrub that grows to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in height, with leaves that are oblanceolate, oblong-elliptic, to lanceolate, 3–4 by 9–12 cm in size. Flowers are white.
# Richard-Lenoir station

Richard-Lenoir (French pronunciation:) is a station on Line 5 of the Paris Métro, located in the 11th arrondissement.

## Location

The station is located under Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, alongside the covered Canal Saint-Martin, near the Allée Verte and Rue Pelée.

## History

It opened on 17 December 1906, as part of the extension of Line 5 from Place Mazas (now Quai de la Rapée) to Lancry (today Jacques Bonsergent). The name refers to Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, named after the industrialist François Richard (1765–1839) who went by the name Richard-Lenoir after the death of his business partner Joseph Lenoir-Dufresne. It saw 2,172,035 passengers entering the station in 2018, which places it in 247th position for attendance out of 302 metro stations.

## Services for travellers
### Access

The station has two accesses, all of which consist of fixed stairs:
* access 1 - cnr. 65 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir / Rue Gaby-Sylvia, entrance designed by Hector Guimard is a registered as a historical monument since May 29, 1978;
* access 2 - cnr. Boulevard Richard-Lenoir / Rue Rue Pelée.

### Station layout

* Street Level
| B1 | Mezzanine for platform connection |
| Line 5 platforms | Side platform, doors will open on the right | Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| Line 5 platforms | Southbound | ← toward Place d'Italie (Bréguet–Sabin) |
| Line 5 platforms | Northbound | → toward Bobigny–Pablo Picasso (Oberkampf) → |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right ||

### Platforms

Richard-Lenoir station has a standard configuration. It has two platforms separated by the metro tracks. Established on the ground floor, the ceiling consists of a metal deck, whose beams, silver coloured, are supported by vertical walls. The platforms are in the Andreu-Motte style with a yellow light rail and green Motte seats. The tunnel exits and walls are provided with flat white tiles organised vertically. The advertising frames are metallic, and the name of the station is of Parisine typeface on enamelled plate.

### Bus connections

The station does not have a connection with the RATP Bus Network.
# Richard-Gebert-Sportanlage

The Richard-Gebert-Sportanlage was the home of Austrian football club SK Schwadorf until the club merged with VfB Admira Wacker Mödling in 2008.
# Samwell baronets

The Samwell Baronetcy, of Upton in the County of Northampton, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 22 December 1675 Thomas Samwell, later Member of Parliament for Northamptonshire and Northampton. He was the great-grandson of Sir William Samwell, Auditor of the Exchequer to Queen Elizabeth I of England. The second Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Coventry. On the death of the fourth Baronet in 1789, the title became extinct.

## Samwell baronets, of Upton (1675)

* Sir Thomas Samwell, 1st Baronet (1654–1694)
* Sir Thomas Samwell, 2nd Baronet (1687–1757)
* Sir Thomas Samwell, 3rd Baronet (1711–1779)
* Sir Wenman Samwell, 4th Baronet (1728–1789)
# Samwel Shasta salamander

The Samwel Shasta salamander (Hydromantes samweli) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Shasta County in California.

## Taxonomy

It was previously thought to be a population of the Shasta salamander (H. shastae) and is not physically distinguishable, but a 2018 phylogenetic study found it to be a genetically distinct species. It is named after its type locality, Samwel Cave, which originates from Sa-Wal, the Wintu name for grizzly bear.

## Distribution

It is found in a fairly small area around the north-central and northwest sides of Shasta Lake, but possibly extending 20 km further to the west.

## Threats

Its distribution was likely fragmented by the creation of the lake and the construction of the Shasta Dam. Proposals to raise the water levels would likely flood more habitats and further threaten it. However, in 2021 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service found the species to not warrant Endangered Species Act protections.