OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gabriel–Colman rearrangement

The Gabriel–Colman rearrangement is the chemical reaction of a saccharin or phthalimido ester with a strong base, such as an alkoxide, to form substituted isoquinolines. First described in 1900 by chemists Siegmund Gabriel and James Colman, this rearrangement, a ring expansion, is seen to be general if there is an enolizable hydrogen on the group attached to the nitrogen, since it is necessary for the nitrogen to abstract a hydrogen to form the carbanion that will close the ring. As shown in the case of the general example below, X is either CO or SO$_2$.

## Mechanism

The reaction mechanism starts with an attack on the carbonyl group by a strong base, such as methoxide ion. The ring is then opened, forming an imide anion. This is then followed by a rapid isomerization of the imide anion to the carbanion. This is facilitated by the electron withdrawing effect of the substituent, which allows for greater stabilization of the adjacent carbanion with respect to the imide anion. The reaction is then completed when the methoxide is displaced by the ring closing, which results in a ring expansion. The rate determining step of this reaction is the attack of the carbanion on the carbomethoxy group.
The displacement of the methoxide is analogous to the displacement seen in the Dieckman condensation, as it is also a result of a ring closure.
Furthermore, tautomerization can occur on both of the carbonyl groups on the ring, with interconversion of the keto form to the enol form and the amide form to the imidic acid form.

## Applications

The major application of the Gabriel–Colman rearrangement is in the formation of isoquinolines, due to the relatively high yield of the desired products. Therefore, studies in which either the product or an intermediate is an isoquinoline, the Gabriel–Colman rearrangement can be utilized. This reaction has been utilized in the production of intermediates for the synthesis of potential anti-inflammatory agents. It has also been used in the study of phthalimide and saccharin derivatives as mechanism based inhibitors for three enzymes; the human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3. Phthalimide derivatives were seen to be inactive, while saccharin derivatives were seen to be fair inhibitors of these enzymes.
In a study of the derivatives of 3-Oxo-1,2-benzoisothiazoline-2-acetic acid 1,1-dioxide, the Gabriel–Colman rearrangement was employed in the conversion of Isopropyl (1,1-dioxido-3-oxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2(3H)-yl)acetate to Isopropyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide, as shown above. This reaction has shown a percent yield of 85%.
In another study, N-phthalimidoglycine ethyl ester was used to synthesize 4-hydroxyisoquinoline through use of a Gabriel–Colman rearrangement, as shown above. This reaction has shown a percent yield of 91%. The formation of this product was an important step in the study of the synthesis of 4,4′-functionalized 1,1′-biisoquinolines.
# IPIC

IPIC may refer to:

## Technology

* IPIC Treaty, see Integrated circuit layout design protection
* IPIC, computer network protocol, see IBM TXSeries

## Organisations

* International Petroleum Investment Company
* Intellectual Property Institute of Canada, founded by Gordon Henderson (lawyer)
# Riccio

Riccio may refer to:
* Aloisio Riccio, bishop
* Andrea Riccio, Italian sculptor
* Antonello Riccio, Italian painter
* Bill Riccio, American activist
* Dan Riccio, American businessman
* Daniele Riccio, Italian engineer
* Dennis Riccio, American NFL footballer
* Eros Riccio, Italian chess player
* Felice Riccio, Italian painter
* Giovanni Battista Riccio, Italian musician
* Luigi Riccio
* Mariano Riccio, Italian painter
* Michel Riccio, lawyer
* Paolo Riccio, German philosopher
* Suzanne Riccio-Major, boxer
* Thomas Riccio (disambiguation), multiple people
# Mir-765 microRNA precursor family

In molecular biology mir-765 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

## Traumatic Brain Injury

miR-765 has been identified as a diagnostic marker for traumatic brain injury (TBI), due to significantly elevated levels in the plasma of TBI patients. Furthermore, combination with either miR-16 or miR-92a allows extremely accurate distinction between TBI patients and healthy controls.

## miR-765 and pheochromocytomas

Increased miR-765 expression is observed in Von Hippel-Lindau disease compared with the sporadic benign forms of pheochromocytomas. It has been linked to neuronal plasticity through the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 (NTRK3) gene. A NTRK3 3'UTR variant, ss102661458, is located in a functional target site of miR-765 and is able to significantly affect miRNA-mediated NTRK3 regulation. Through this there is restoration of the altered gene expression by miR-765. NTRK3 is underexpressed with high or overexpressed levels of miR-765, thus pointing towards a possible involvement of this relationship in pheochromocytoma pathogenesis.
# Kiore, Tarime

Kiore is a ward in Tarime District, Mara Region of northern Tanzania, East Africa. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 8,850 people in the ward, from 8,020 in 2012.$^{:155-156}$$^{:183}$

## Villages / neighborhoods

The ward has 3 villages and 20 hamlets.
* Nkerege
** Bisarwa
** Hazina
** Masota
** Nyabosongo
** Nyakiyongi
** Senta
** Tigiri
* Nyagisya
** Itacho
** Kinyabaikwabe
** Kiore
** Kwigori
** Masurura
** Nyahongo
** Senta
* Kewamamba
** Geokoru
** Kewairungu
** Kewanyango
** Magaka
** Magange
** Nyamang'ari
# National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Minor Outlying Islands

This is a list of the buildings, sites, districts, and objects listed on the National Register of Historic Places across the United States Minor Outlying Islands. There are currently two listed sites located on two of the twelve islands or atolls that make up the Minor Outlying Islands.      This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.
Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)

## Listings

| | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| 1 | Wake Island | Wake Island More images | September 16, 1985 (#85002726) | In the North Pacific 19°18′00″N 166°38′00″E﻿ / ﻿19.3°N 166.633333°E﻿ / 19.3; 166.633333﻿ (Wake Island) | Wake Island | |
| 2 | World War II Facilities at Midway | World War II Facilities at Midway | May 28, 1987 (#87001302) | Sand and Eastern Islands 28°12′N 177°21′W﻿ / ﻿28.2°N 177.35°W﻿ / 28.2; -177.35﻿ (World War II Facilities at Midway) | Midway Atoll | |
# Stade Rue de Lenningen

Stade Rue de Lenningen is a football stadium in Canach, in south-eastern Luxembourg.
It is currently the home stadium of FC Jeunesse Canach. The stadium has a capacity of 1,000.
# Koh Romdual

Koh Romdual is an island approximately 20 kilometers outside of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It is located in the Tonle Bassac river at 11°23′54″N 105°00′48″E﻿ / ﻿11.39833°N 105.01333°E﻿ / 11.39833; 105.01333. Koh Romdual has undergone name changes, and is commonly referred to as Kor Island or Koh Kor.

## History

The island exceptionally small (3 km x 1 km) and was used as a main killing field during the Khmer Rouge era. It is infamous for being a known torture and execution center for those that needed to be "re-educated." The island remained a re-education center through the 1980s and 1990s and was used as a detention center for women. It was eventually used as a general prison for mentally ill and homeless people.

## Controversy

The conditions of the prison were dismal and drew the attention of many NGOs and the United Nations. The detention center was shut down in 2008 by the United Nations after they cited numerous human rights violations.
# Simon Hunt

Simon Hunt may refer to:
* Pauline Pantsdown (also known as Simon Hunt), Australian satirist and former Australian Senate candidate
* Simon Hunt (footballer) (born 1963), former English footballer
* Simon Hunt (rugby union) (born 1981), English rugby player
* Simon Hunt (cricketer) (born 1962), former English cricketer
# Strauss Waltzes (Mantovani album)

Strauss Waltzes is an album of music composed by Johann Strauss II and performed by Mantovani and His Orchestra. It was released in 1958 by London (catalog no. PS 118). It debuted on Billboard magazine's pop album chart on November 24, 1958, peaked at the No. 7 spot, and remained on the chart for 24 weeks. It was an RIAA certified gold album (minimum 500,000 units sold).

## Track listing

Side 1
* "Blue Danube"
* "Voices of Spring"
* "Roses from the South"
* "Emperor Waltz"
* "A Thousand and One Nights"
* "Treasure Waltz"
Side 2
* "Village Swallows"
* "Wine, Women and Song"
* "Acceleration Waltz"
* "Tales from the Vienna Woods"
* "Morning Papers (Morgenblätter)"
* "You and You (Du und Du)"

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Ri Hyon-ju

Ri Hyon-ju (born 20 February 1996 in Pyongyang) is a North Korean diver. He competed in the 10 metre platform at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Mir-824 microRNA precursor family

In molecular biology mir-824 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
# Kitayama No.1 Dam

Kitayama No.1 Dam (Japanese: 北山第１ダム) is an earthfill dam located in Hyogo Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 5 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 13 ha of land when full and can store 1185 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1965 and completed in 1968.
# Tang Peng Choi

Tang Peng Choi (鄧炳才; born 14 June 1924) is a Malaysian former sports shooter. He competed in the 50 metre rifle, prone event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
Tang is from Selangor. He represented the Federation of Malaya at the 1959 and 1961 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, winning bronze at the latter in the three positions event. He ranked first in the Malaysian domestic selection trials for shooting at the 1966 Asian Games, and was assigned to the prone rifle team along with Tan Seng Keat, Wong Foo Wah, and Chan Kooi Chye. He later represented Malaysia at the first Asian Shooting Championships in 1967.
# Tadeáš Hájek

Tadeáš Hájek z Hájku (Czech pronunciation:) (1 December 1525 in Prague – 1 September 1600 in Prague), also known as Tadeáš Hájek of Hájek, Thaddaeus Hagecius ab Hayek or Thaddeus Nemicus, was a Czech naturalist, personal physician of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II and an astronomer in the Kingdom of Bohemia.

## Biography

Tadeáš Hájek was the son of Šimon Hájek (ca. 1485–1551) from an old Prague family. He was ennobled in 1554 by Ferdinand I of Germany, knighted in 1571 by Maximilian II, later made knight of the Holy Roman Empire by Rudolf II. He had three wives, three sons, and one daughter.
In 1548–1549, he studied medicine and astronomy in Vienna and graduated in 1550, receiving his Masters "in artibus" in 1551. In 1554 he studied medicine in Bologna and went to Milan the same year to listen to lectures by Girolamo Cardano, but he soon returned to Prague, where he became a professor of mathematics at the Charles University of Prague in 1555.
He published the Aphorismi Metoposcopici in 1561, dealing with divination and diagnosis by interpreting lines on the forehead. He triangulated the area around Prague and in 1563 co-authored a map of it, which is lost. In 1564 he received the Emperor's privilege stating that no astrological prognostication could be printed in Prague before he had seen and approved it. In 1566–1570, he served as an army doctor in Austria and Hungary during the war with the Ottoman Empire. Hepublished his studies of a supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia in 1572. Tadeáš Hájek was in frequent scientific correspondence with the recognized astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) and played an important role in persuading Rudolph II to invite Brahe (and later Kepler) to Prague.
His voluminous writings in Latin were mostly concerned with astronomy and many regarded him as the greatest astronomer of his time. Besides his work, Tadeáš Hájek eagerly collected manuscripts, especially those by Copernicus.
Throughout his life he also published numerous astrological prognostics in Czech and that is why he was until recently viewed as an "occultist" rather than a great scientist. He corresponded with John Dee as a result of their common interest in Euclid and geometry.
The lunar crater Hagecius and the asteroid 1995 Hajek are named in his honour.

## Works

* Dialexis de novae et prius incognitae stellae inusitatae magnitudinis et splendidissimi luminis apparitione, et de eiusdem stellae vero loco constituendo (in Latin). Frankfurt am Main: Sigmund Feyerabend. 1574.
# Euthalia omeia

Euthalia omeia is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae (Limenitidinae). It is endemic to China.
# Racing Academy and Centre of Education

The Racing Academy and Centre of Education (RACE) is a jockey training school based in Kildare town near the Irish National Stud Kildare, Ireland. Its Trainee Jockey Course is a foundation course in race riding and stable work, taught in a 42-week residential program. Students typically go on to either jockey apprenticeships or stable work after completing the course. Johnny Murtagh, Cathy Gannon, Sean Flanagan and Shane Foley are among those who have gone on to success as racing jockeys after taking the Trainee Jockey Course. RACE also offers other training and certification in race riding, the care of horses and racehorse training, including riding courses for international students. The Irish School of Farriery run by the Irish Farriery Authority is located in a purpose-built building on the RACE campus, and several other organisations involved in the equine sector are also located here.

## History

RACE was founded in 1973, as a social project to offer new entrants to the racing profession support as apprentices. Over the next forty years it expanded into providing education and training for jockeys, stable staff, racehorse breeders, racehorse trainers and other people involved in the thoroughbred industry.
It is located in Curragh House, formerly the home of William Hall-Walker, an important figure in thoroughbred racehorse breeding. The campus has extensive landscaped grounds and is located near the Curragh Racecourse and many training establishments. RACE is a not-for-profit educational establishment and registered charity and is supported by the racing industry and various state agencies. Students from over thirty countries have been trained here, and many have moved on to make considerable contributions to the global racing sector. The current chairman is trainer John Oxx.
# Stirpnik

Stirpnik (pronounced) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
# Glyphidocera arakawae

Glyphidocera arakawae is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Richard Boulton

Richard Boulton (fl. 1697–1724), was a physician and author from England.
Boulton was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, and for some time settled at Chester, was the author of a number of works on the medical and kindred sciences, including:
    Reason of Muscular Motion, 1697.
    Treatise concerning the Heat of the Blood, 1698.
    An Examination of Mr. John Colbatche's Books, 1699. For this work on John Colbatch, Boulton was helped by Charles Goodall.
    Letter to Dr. Goodal occasioned by his Letter to Dr. Leigh, 1699. The appendix to the previous work had attacked Charles Leigh of Manchester.
    System of Rational and Practical Chirurgery, 1699; 2nd edition, 1713.
    The Works of the Hon. Robert Boyle epitomised, 3 vols. 1699–1700.
    Physico-Chirurgical Treatises of the Gout, the King's Evil, and the Lues Venerea, 1714.
    Essay on External Remedies, 1715.
    Essay on the Plague, 1721.
    Vindication of the Compleat History of Magic, 1722. This was a defence of an earlier pot-boiler, containing a reply to the sceptical work Historical Essay Concerning Witchcraft of Francis Hutchinson on witchcraft.
    Thoughts concerning the Unusual Qualities of the Air, 1724.
Boulton fell out with Goodall after the Colbatch pamphlet. Goodall attacked Boulton in a pamphlet, under his footman's name, and asked James Yonge to attack Boulton's ally William Salmon.
In a letter to Sir Hans Sloane, Boulton states that he undertook to write an abridgment of Robert Boyle's works on account of "misfortunes still attending him"; and in another letter he asks Sloane for help. In the preface to the Vindication of the History of Magic he states that he had been for some time out of England.
# Miriam Soares

Miriam Soares (born 4 May 1965), commonly known as Miriam, is a Brazilian footballer who played as a goalkeeper for the Brazil women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup. At the club level, she played for EC Radar in Brazil.
# Kleopas Dumeni

Kleopas Hafeni Dumeni (born 3 October 1930, Oshituku, Nakayale, Ombalantu, Namibia) is a Namibian church leader and a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia.
Dumeni is the son of Paulus Monima yaDumeni yaHipetekwa (b. 1902) and Hileni Utumbontsezi yaShimooshili shaUpuma (b. 1909).
Dumeni went to school in Oluvango from 1935–45, then in the Nakayale Primary School from 1947–50, in a vocational school in Oniipa from 1951–53, and a school in Oshigambo from 1955–56. He studied theology at the Elim Seminary during 1957–59.
Dumeni was consecrated a bishop by visiting Bishop Erkki Kansanaho from Tampere, Finland, in June 1979 at Ongwediva. Dumeni worked as the second bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia from 1979–1991 and as the presiding bishop from 1992 until 2000 when he retired.
Dumeni has an honorary doctoral degree in theology from three universities:
* Wartburg Theological Seminary, USA, 1979
* University of Helsinki, Finland, 1990
* Gettysburg College, Pennsylvania, USA, 1991
He was also given the Wittenburg Award in 1991 by the Luther Institute, Washington, D.C.
Dumeni was married to Aino yaGabriel yaHaileka in 1959. He has 5 sons and two daughters with her.
# Gibberula insularum

Gibberula insularum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Cystiscidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in Galapagos.
# Taautus

Taautus of Byblos, according to the Phoenician writer Sanchuniathon, was the son of Misor and the inventor of writing, who was bequeathed the land of Egypt by Cronus.
Sanchuniathon's writings, through the translation of Philo, were transmitted to us by Eusebius in his work Praeparatio evangelica. Eusebius says that Philo placed Sanchuniathon's works into nine books. In the introduction to the first book, he makes this preface concerning Sanchuniathon:
   “These things being so, Sanchuniathon, who was a man of much learning and great curiosity, and desirous of knowing the earliest history of all nations from the creation of the world, searched out with great care the history of Taautus, knowing that of all men under the sun Taautus was the first who thought of the invention of letters, and began the writing of records: and he laid the foundation, as it were, of his history, by beginning with him, whom the Egyptians called Thouth, and the Alexandrians Thoth, translated by the Greeks into Hermes.”
Philo further says that Taautus wrote the work Commentaries, in which he discussed the creation.
# Pudupatti, Virudhunagar

Pudupatti is a panchayat town in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Geography

A.Pudupatti is a village located down south of India in Tamil Nadu state. It is located 20 km (12 mi) away from the district capital Virudhunagar.
The initial ‘A’ implies from neighboring village ‘Appayanayakkan patti’ just to get differentiated from many other Pudupatties in the state.

## Education

The town has ‘Panchayat Union Middle School’ and 'Kamrajar aramba padasalai' in Pudupatti and ‘Government Higher Secondary School’ in neighboring village Veerarpatti.

## Economy

Pudupatti is basically an agriculture based village. As it happened to many other villages in the state (as rainfall had dropped too low), people who were dependent on agriculture had migrated to other places for their survival.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Pudupatti had a population of 7846. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Pudupatti has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 50%. In Pudupatti, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Ross Benson

Sydney Ross Benson (29 September 1948 – 8 March 2005) was a Scottish journalist and gossip columnist known for his personal style. Educated at Gordonstoun School in Scotland, he worked for London Life magazine after leaving school before joining the Daily Mail newspaper as the deputy diary editor at the age of 20. His uncle, the photographer Harry Benson, was an early mentor.
In 1971, Benson moved to the Daily Express newspaper as deputy diary editor; he was appointed deputy foreign editor in 1975. In 1978, he travelled to Los Angeles as the paper's West Coast correspondent. He returned to London in 1982 in the position of Chief Foreign Correspondent and was named as International Reporter of the Year in the British Press Awards in 1983.
In 1988, Benson was given his own gossip column to rival that of Nigel Dempster of the Daily Mail.
Benson was the ghost writer for George Best's autobiography, The Good, the Bad and the Bubbly, published in 1990. Further books followed; Paul McCartney: Behind the myth in 1992 and Charles: The untold story in 1993.
In 1997, Benson returned to the Daily Mail as a foreign correspondent, winning a London Press Club Award in 2004 for his work covering Iraq.
Married three times, Benson had three children. His last marriage in 1987 was to writer Ingrid Seward, the editor of Majesty magazine.
A keen Chelsea supporter and season ticket holder, he watched them beat Barcelona at Chelsea's home ground on the eve of his death. He died in his sleep at his London home on 8 March 2005 of a suspected heart attack.
# Skånes köpmannablad

Skånes köpmannablad ('Merchants Newspaper of Skåne') was a weekly newspaper published in Malmö, Sweden, between 1919 and 1935.
The newspaper was the organ of the Merchants League of Skåne. Albin Bolmstedt was the editor of the publication from 1920 to 1935. The newspaper was closed down as Bolmstedt launched a new publication in 1936, Handelsbladet.
# Salvelinus vasiljevae

Salvelinus vasiljevae, commonly known as Sakhalinian char, is a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family. It is found in the wider Sakhalin region from Nevelskoy Strait and the Amur river basin.

## Description

Sakhalinian char can reach a recorded maximum length of 25.0 cm (9.8 inches). The fish is semi-anadromous, migrating up river to spawn in the middle of summer and autumn. The fish are omnivorous, feeding on fish, aerial and aquatic insects and their larvae, amphipods, on insectivorous mammals and mice. The species usually reside in rapid current and sandy or pebbled bottom in holes (up to 1.5-2 meters).
# Richard Boucher (disambiguation)

Richard Boucher (born 1951) is an American diplomat.
Richard or Dick Boucher may also refer to:
* Richard Boucher (footballer) (1932–2017), French soccer defender
* Dick Boucher, participant for Rhodesia in the 1976 World Outdoor Bowls Championship