# South Fermanagh (UK Parliament constituency)

South Fermanagh was a UK Parliament constituency in Ireland.

## Boundaries and Boundary Changes

This county constituency comprised the southern part of County Fermanagh. The seat was defined under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 as comprising the baronies of Clanawley, Clankelly, Coole, Knockninny, and Magherastephana. The seat was unchanged under the Redistribution of Seats (Ireland) Act 1918.
It returned one Member of Parliament 1885–1922.
Prior to the 1885 United Kingdom general election the area was part of the Fermanagh constituency. After the dissolution of Parliament in 1922 the constituency was incorporated in the new seat of Fermanagh and Tyrone

## Politics

The constituency was a nationalist inclined one, but with a significant unionist minority. The Irish Parliamentary Party held the seat from 1885 to 1918.
In 1918 Sinn Féin had a limited electoral pact with the Nationalists to avoid seriously splitting the vote in seats Unionists might win. In this constituency Sinn Féin benefited from the pact, as nationalists were advised to vote for John O'Mahoney (otherwise known as Seán O'Mahony) rather than their own candidate (the incumbent MP).
O'Mahony was a prisoner interned in Lincoln Jail at the time of the election. He was the only Sinn Féin candidate elected in the six counties that became Northern Ireland who was not also returned for a seat in the rest of Ireland. After being released in 1919 he did not take his seat in the UK Parliament but served in the First Dáil instead.

## The First Dáil

Sinn Féin contested the general election of 1918 on the platform that instead of taking up any seats they won in the United Kingdom Parliament, they would establish a revolutionary assembly in Dublin. In republican theory every MP elected in Ireland was a potential Deputy to this assembly. In practice only the Sinn Féin members accepted the offer.
The revolutionary First Dáil assembled on 21 January 1919 and last met on 10 May 1921. The First Dáil, according to a resolution passed on 10 May 1921, was formally dissolved on the assembling of the Second Dáil. This took place on 16 August 1921.
In 1921 Sinn Féin decided to use the UK authorised elections for the Northern Ireland House of Commons and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland as a poll for the Irish Republic's Second Dáil. This area, in republican theory, was incorporated in an eight-member Dáil constituency of Fermanagh and Tyrone.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1885 | Henry Campbell | Irish Parliamentary |
| 1892 | Patrick McGilligan | Irish National Federation |
| 1895 | Jeremiah Jordan | Irish National Federation |
| 1900 | Jeremiah Jordan | Irish Parliamentary |
| 1910, December | Patrick Crumley | Irish Parliamentary |
| 1918 | Seán O'Mahony | Sinn Féin |

## Elections

The elections in this constituency took place using the first past the post electoral system.

### Elections in the 1880s

1885 general election: South Fermanagh :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Irish Parliamentary | Henry Campbell | 3,574 | 62.1 | |
| | Irish Conservative | Frank Brooke | 2,181 | 37.9 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,393 | 24.2 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,755 | 84.0 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,855 | | |
| | Irish Parliamentary win (new seat) | Irish Parliamentary win (new seat) | Irish Parliamentary win (new seat) | Irish Parliamentary win (new seat) | Irish Parliamentary win (new seat) |
1886 general election: South Fermanagh :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Irish Parliamentary | Henry Campbell | 3,553 | 60.5 | −1.6 |
| | Irish Conservative | Frank Brooke | 2,320 | 39.5 | +1.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,233 | 21.0 | −3.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,873 | 85.7 | +1.7 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,855 | | |
| | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold | Swing | −1.6 | |

### Elections in the 1890s

1892 general election: South Fermanagh :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Irish National Federation | Patrick McGilligan | 2,941 | 55.9 | −4.6 |
| | Liberal Unionist | Arthur St George Patton | 2,320 | 44.1 | +4.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 621 | 11.8 | −9.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,261 | 90.9 | +5.2 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,788 | | |
| | Irish National Federation gain from Irish Parliamentary | Irish National Federation gain from Irish Parliamentary | Swing | −4.6 | |
1895 general election: South Fermanagh :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Irish National Federation | Jeremiah Jordan | 2,792 | 57.1 | +1.2 |
| | Irish Unionist | Arthur Douglas Brooke | 2,096 | 42.9 | −1.2 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 696 | 14.2 | +2.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,888 | 88.6 | −2.3 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,519 | | |
| | Irish National Federation hold | Irish National Federation hold | Swing | +1.2 | |

### Elections in the 1900s

1900 general election: South Fermanagh :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Irish Parliamentary | Jeremiah Jordan | 2,753 | 58.1 | +1.0 |
| | Irish Unionist | Thomas Stephenson Francis Battersby | 1,982 | 41.9 | −1.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 771 | 16.2 | +2.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,735 | 84.2 | −4.4 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,622 | | |
| | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold | Swing | +1.0 | |
1906 general election: South Fermanagh :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Irish Parliamentary | Jeremiah Jordan | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold |

### Elections in the 1910s

January 1910 general election: South Fermanagh :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Irish Parliamentary | Jeremiah Jordan | 2,693 | 56.2 | N/A |
| | Irish Unionist | Thomas Stephenson Francis Battersby | 2,098 | 43.8 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 595 | 12.4 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,791 | 90.1 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,317 | | |
| | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold | Swing | | |
December 1910 general election: South Fermanagh :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Irish Parliamentary | Patrick Crumley | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold | Irish Parliamentary hold |
General Election 14 December 1918: South Fermanagh :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Sinn Féin | Seán O'Mahony | 6,673 | 58.9 | New |
| | Irish Unionist | James Cooper | 4,524 | 39.9 | New |
| | Irish Parliamentary | Patrick Crumley | 132 | 1.2 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,149 | 19.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,329 | 81.1 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 13,962 | | |
| | Sinn Féin gain from Irish Parliamentary | Sinn Féin gain from Irish Parliamentary | Swing | N/A | |