OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gerard Autet

Gerard Autet Serrabasa (born 8 September 1978) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central defender.

## Club career

Autet was born in Manlleu, Barcelona, Catalonia. During his early career, he played lower league football with Palamós CF and RCD Espanyol's B team. He subsequently represented Levante UD and Xerez CD, with both clubs competing in the second division.
After five seasons in Andalusia, Autet signed with Sporting de Gijón for the 2007–08 season, being an instrumental figure in the side's promotion to La Liga. His competition debut on 21 September 2008 was a sour one, as the Asturians were crushed 1–6 at home against FC Barcelona and he was sent off before the hour-mark; he did contribute solidly in the club's narrow escape from relegation, appearing in 26 games and scoring in a 2–1 home win over Málaga CF on 17 May 2009.
Only third or fourth-string stopper in the 2009–10 campaign, Autet played only eight league matches, mainly due to suspensions or injuries to either Grégory Arnolin or Alberto Botía. He did start in all of those (seven complete) as Sporting again managed to retain their top-flight status.
# Gesomyrmex

Gesomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus contains six extant species, known from the Indomalayan realm, and nine fossil species. Of the extant species, four are known only from workers (G. chaperi, G. howardi, G. kalshoveni and G. spatulatus) and two only from females (G. luzonensis and G. tobiasi). The extinct species "G. expectans" and "Gesomyrmex miegi", formerly placed in the genus, were excluded by Dlussky et al.., 2009.
The living species are arboreal typically building nests in the twigs of trees.

## Species

* †Gesomyrmex bremii (Heer, 1849)
* †Gesomyrmex breviceps Dlussky, Wappler & Wedmann, 2009
* Gesomyrmex chaperi André, 1892
* †Gesomyrmex curiosus Dlussky, Wappler & Wedmann, 2009
* †Gesomyrmex flavescens Dlussky, Wappler & Wedmann, 2009
* †Gesomyrmex germanicus Dlussky, Wappler & Wedmann, 2009
* †Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr, 1868
* Gesomyrmex howardi Wheeler, 1921
* †Gesomyrmex incertus Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015
* Gesomyrmex kalshoveni Wheeler, 1929
* Gesomyrmex luzonensis (Wheeler, 1916)
* †Gesomyrmex macrops Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015
* †Gesomyrmex magnus Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015
* †Gesomyrmex pulcher Dlussky, Wappler & Wedmann, 2009
* Gesomyrmex spatulatus Cole, 1949
* Gesomyrmex tobiasi Dubovikov, 2004
# Gerhana Skacinta

Gerhana Skacinta is a Malaysian band that specializes in the musical style of ska. The name is composed of gerhana 'eclipse', ska, and cinta 'love'. Although based in a country far from more famous centers of ska culture, the music of the band is not a fusion of Caribbean and Southeast Asian genres, but instead pure, traditional ska style. They are signed to the Clockwork Records label. The band is influenced by bands such as The Skatalites, Lord Kitchener and The Wailers.

## Discography

* Tribute to Sweet Charity (2001) - A tribute album
* Skali Skale (2002) - A singles album.
* Boss Sounds (2002) - Their first full album.
* The New Authentic (2004) - Their second full album.
* This Is Ska (2007) - Third Full Album Of GSC
# Geritola mirifica

Geritola mirifica is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon and the Republic of the Congo.
# Geritola prouvosti

Geritola prouvosti is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon.
# Geritola gerina

Geritola gerina, the Gerina epitola, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, southern Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and north-western Tanzania. The habitat consists of forests.
# Geritola liana

Geritola liana is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and north-western Tanzania.
# Gerolsteiner Brunnen

Gerolsteiner Brunnen GmbH & Co. KG (Gerolsteiner) is a leading German mineral water firm with its seat in Gerolstein in the Eifel mountains. The firm is well known for its Gerolsteiner Sprudel brand, a bottled, naturally carbonated mineral water. Gerolsteiner was also the chief sponsor of Team Gerolsteiner a cycling team.

## History

On 1 January 1888 the mine manager, Wilhelm Castendyck, founded the firm, Gerolsteiner Sprudel, as a Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH) in Gerolstein. Its first well was drilled in the same year. By November, the water from the well had become a sort of 'official' water of the city. It was popular because of its high amount of natural carbonic acid. In 1889, its star-and-lion symbol was trademarked. By 1895, the water was being exported to Australia.
Brunnen table water supplied water to Buckingham Palace during the reign of Queen Victoria.
The first exports of Gerolsteiner to the United States started in 1890, primarily to Chicago, known for its high concentration of German emigrants. Having been interrupted by World War I, U.S. shipments resumed in 1928.
The Gerolsteiner factory was completely destroyed in a bombing raid during Christmas 1944. The filling machines were repaired on 1948, and by 1948 both the full building and the installation equipment had been rebuilt.
In 1986, Gerolsteiner introduced a brand with a lower amount of carbonic acid to meet changing tastes.
In 1998, the company introduced Germany's first PET reusable deposit carrying mineral water bottle to a chorus of criticism from environmental groups. The use of returnable, deposit-bearing glass bottles for water, beer, and other mainstream drinks has long been normal in Germany and other European countries.
As of 2022, Gerolsteiner Brunnen's majority shareholder is Bitburger Holding [de].
# Gesta Adalberonis

The Gesta Adalberonis or Gesta Alberonis ("Deeds of Albero") is a biography of Adalbero, Archbishop of Trier (1131–52), written in medieval Latin prose by Balderic of Florennes. There is also a Gesta Alberonis metrica anonyma, an anonymous biography of Albero's life down to 1145, written in hexameters.
Balderic was born in Florennes and became a scholar in Paris, where he first met Albero in 1147. The archbishop invited him to come head the school at the cathedral of Trier, and he later served as provost of the college of Saint Simeon housed in the Porta Nigra. He wrote his life of Albero shortly after the latter's death. He himself disappears from the record after 1163 and presumably died around that time. He was praised for his scholarship by Wibald.
The Gesta's account of Albero's youth is mostly legendary, but his years as bishop are reliably covered, especially those portions describing that to which Balderic was an eyewitness. The work is biography and, although the author heeps praise on the subject, it is not hagiography.

## Sources

* Balderic [Baldericus], "Gesta Alberonis archiepiscopi Trevirorum", Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, VIII, 243–67.
* Balderic [Balderich], A Warrior Bishop of the Twelfth Century: The Deeds of Albero of Trier, Brian A. Pavlac, trans. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2008.
# Ghana at the 2020 Summer Paralympics

Ghana will be competing at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

## Athletics

One Ghanaian male athlete, Botsyo Nkegbe (100m T54), successfully to break through the qualifications for the 2020 Paralympics after breaking the qualification limit.

## Cycling

Ghana sent one cyclist after successfully getting a slot in the 2018 UCI Nations Ranking Allocation quota for the African Continental.

## Powerlifting

Emmanuel Nii Tettey Oku represented Ghana and competed in the men's 72 kg event.
# Giant condyloma acuminatum

Giant condyloma acuminatum (also known as a Buschke–Löwenstein tumor) is a rare cutaneous condition characterized by an aggressive, wart-like growth that is a verrucous carcinoma.$^{:409}$ It is attributed to human papillomavirus.
Due to their size, these tumors can be locally invasive and destructive. Owing to their impressive growth patterns, Buschke-Löwenstein tumors displace and destroy adjacent structures from compression. In general these masses are benign, but the potential for malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma exists in the long term, as does the rare risk for metastasis. Buschke-Löwensteoin tumors are frequently associated with HPV subtypes 6 and 11.
Treatment involves surgical resection and possible chemoradiotherapy. Although penile sparing is the goal, total penectomy may be required. They have high recurrence rates; therefore, close follow-up is crucial.
# Gianluca Mazzini

Gianluca Mazzini (born 1968 in Bologna) from the University of Ferrara, Italy was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for contributions to chaos-based electronic and telecommunication systems design.
Mazzini graduated with a degree in electronic engineering (summa cum laude) in 1992 and in 1996 got his Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Bologna. Following graduation, he joined faculty of the University of Ferrara, becoming its assistant professor in 1996 and associate professor in 2002. Since 1993, he leads studies in spread spectrum communications, wireless sensor networks, information security, ambient calculus, and cellular networks. Mazzini is an author and co-author of over 250 international publications, including books, journals and conference proceedings. He is also a former member of GARR and of the Centre of New Industries and Technologies and used to be a guest editor of the Proceedings of the IEEE and was an associate editor of various IEEE journals for the past nine years.
# Gherasim

Gherasim is a Romanian male given name and surname that may refer to:
* Gherasim Luca
* Gherasim Rudi
* Gherasim Safirin
* Alina Gherasim, Romanian runner
* Arcadie Gherasim
* Daniel Gherasim, Romanian footballer
# Giessen-Nieuwkerk

Giessen-Nieuwkerk (Dutch pronunciation:) is a former town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is now called Giessenburg. It is also the name of a former municipality, that existed until 1957, when it merged with Peursum to form the new municipality of Giessenburg.
The name means "Giessen-New Church", and refers to the small river Giessen. The town Giessen-Oudekerk ("Giessen-Old Church") is located 2 km southwest.
# Gilbert Legrand

Gilbert Legrand (died 1977) was a French football manager. He managed Jeunesse Esch and the Luxembourg national football team.
# Gilbert Lely

Gilbert Lely (19 March 1904 - 4 June 1985) was a French poet.

## Writing

In the 1930s he was part of the surrealist movement and was admired by André Suarès, André Breton and Yves Bonnefoy.
His first book Les Métamorphoses (1930) was a translation of poems. After that he wrote Arden (1933) and La Sylphide ou l’Étoile Carnivore (1938).
His main work was Ma Civilisation (1942), illustrated by Lucien Coutaud, which was followed by La Folie Tristan in 1954.
In the biography Vie du Marquis de Sade (1952-1957), he described de Sade historicly and his political evolution without reducing him to clichés. The book was only possible because Xavier Henri Marie de Sade opened the family archive for the first time in four generations. Lély took over the task of publishing Sade's works from Maurice Heine. The complete edition (1962–64) also includes previously unpublished correspondence.
Lély wrote about the history of medicine in the journal Hippocrates. His late work consists of L'Épouse Infidèle (1966) and the dramatic poem Solomonie la Possédée (1979).

## Personal life

Lély was born on 19 March 1904 in Neuilly-sur-Seine and died on 4 June 1985 in Paris.
During World War II, he was friends with René Char.
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# Ghisi Shield

The Ghisi Shield is a piece of Renaissance parade armour made by the Italian goldsmith and engraver Giorgio Ghisi, signed and dated 1554. It is part of the Waddesdon Bequest, held by the British Museum in London since 1898.
The shield is made from a single plate of hammered steel, with its rim turned over a wire. The decoration on the outer face is damascened in gold and partially plated with silver. It is 55.8 centimetres (22.0 in) in diameter, 7 centimetres (2.8 in) deep, and weighs 3.8 kilograms (8.4 lb). An inscription on the front of the shield reads, "GEORGIVS DE GHISYS MNTVANZ FA M.D.LIIII".
Ghisi was an artist, mainly a printmaker, from Mantua, but he was in the Netherlands from about 1550 to about 1555, and the shield was probably made in Antwerp, then under the rule of the Habsburgs. It is one of only two surviving pieces of damascened metalwork known to have been made by Ghisi. (The other item is a damaged sword hilt, dated 1570, and now in the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest.)
The intricately decorated shield, damascened with gold and silver, was intended for display, not for use in battle. It is embossed with repoussé and chased work in high relief, with a framed central circular scene of battling horseman, surrounded by four strapwork cartouches containing allegorical female figures (Victory, Fame, Fortitude, Prudence). The frames around the five main scenes themselves incorporate detailed images on a much smaller scale, taken from the Iliad and ancient mythology, inlaid in gold. Further imagery of birds, foliage, putti, satyrs and other figures, fills the field between the frames.
The shield may have been designed by a Netherlandish artist, not Ghisi himself: other shields made in the Netherlands in the late 16th century have survived with similar decoration, but none of them demonstrate the accomplished decorative skills of Ghisi. For example, an iron shield held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna has similar strapwork and embossed imagery with scenes of Jason and the Golden Fleece; and a similar gilded shield or rondache at the Hermitage in St Petersburg has four allegorical figures (Prudence, Fortitude, Fame, Envy) arranged in circular cartouches around a circular image of Mars.
The Ghisi Shield was sold for £1,000 at the Allègre sale in Paris in 1863, and then sold in the sale of the Demidov Collection in Paris in 1870, shortly before the death of Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato, for 1,600,000 francs (about £6,400). It was bought at the Demidov sale by Baron Anselm von Rothschild, and later inherited by his son Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild, who left it to the British Museum after his death in 1898 as part of the Waddesdon Bequest.

## Gallery

* Central scene
* Victory (top cartouche)
* Fame (bottom cartouche)
* Fortitude (left cartouche)
* Prudence (right cartouche)
* Contemporaneous Dutch rondache, c.1560s
# Ghislain-Joseph Henry

Ghislain-Joseph Henry (1754-1820) was an architect, garden designer and topiarist, notable for his work for Louis XVI of France, the Holy Roman Emperor, Napoleon I and William I of the Netherlands.

## Life

He was born in Dinant (then in the Principality of Liège) in 1754 into a family which originated in Profondeville (Namur). He won first prize for architecture in the Clementine Competition at the Academy of Saint Luke in 1779 and studied at the Academy of Saint Luke in Rome. In 1803 he became one of the founder members of the Société de peinture, sculpture et architecture de Bruxelles and in 1816 he joined the academic council of the Académie royale des beaux-arts de Bruxelles.

## Works
### Architecture

* 1786-1789 : Château de Duras, in Palladian style
* Major restoration, château de Laeken, of which he became curator
* Works, château de Seneffe.
* Portico, Enghien, for the duke of Arenberg.
* 1815-1829 : extensions to the Royal Palace of Brussels

### Topiary

* Parc à l'anglaise, château de Wespelaar.
* Park and 'factories', château de Beauraing, owned by the duc de Beaufort Spontin.
* Design for a parc à l'anglaise, commanderie des Vieux Joncs.
# Giovanni Carafa

Giovanni Carafa may refer to:
* Giovanni Pietro Carafa (1476–1559), became Pope Paul IV from May 1555 until his death
* Giovanni Carafa, Duke of Paliano (died 1561), mercenary captain; nephew of Pope Paul IV; executed under Pope Pius IV
* Giovanni Carafa della Spina [it] (1671–1743), Italian soldier and imperial field marshal
* Giovanni Carafa di Noia [it] (1715–1768), producer of the Map of the Duke of Noja
# Giovanni Maria Fontana

Giovanni Maria Fontana (c. 1670 – after 1712) was an Italian-Swiss architect, born in Lugano, who worked in Russia.
Alleged to be a relative of the famous Roman architect Carlo Fontana, Giovanni Maria or Francesco Fontana arrived in the Russian port of Arkhangelsk from Denmark in 1703. He worked in Moscow until 1710 when he moved to the newly founded city of Saint Petersburg. Nothing is known about him after 1712 (when he apparently left Russia).
Fontana's most prominent commissions were those from Prince Menshikov, to build his various palaces, notably Oranienbaum. He often worked in tandem with Johann Gottfried Schädel. Some of his designs were apparently plagiarized from architectural textbooks of the day.
# Giovanni Maria Lampredi

Giovanni Maria Lampredi (6 April 1731–17 March 1793) was an Italian jurist, scholar, and writer, active in Tuscany. He is also remembered for his text on Etruscan culture.

## Biography

He was born in Rovezzano to a family of modest means. An older brother became a Franciscan friar, but Giovanni Maria studied classical languages and literature at the Seminario Eugeniano in Florence under Francesco Poggini. He studied philosophy under the provost Francesco Fossi. Graduating with a degree in canon law and theology in 1756, he joined the intellectual circles including of Giovanni Lami, Marco Lastri, and Giuseppe Bencivenni Pelli. His letters to Pelli were published (1760-1769) in 3 volumes under a pseudonym, where he imagined a utopia called Gelopoli. He subsequently published a treatise on the philosophy of the ancient Etruscans (1756) and about the government of ancient Tuscans and its decadence (Lucca 1760). In 1755, he joined the Academic Society of Colombaria and the Accademia Etrusca di Cortona. In 1770, he joined the Accademia della Crusca.
In the 1760s, he published the biography of Machiavelli for a large multivolume work eulogizing famous Tuscans. He also translated some extracts from Rosseau. He wrote a treatise on the just wars, titled De licentia in hostem and a treatise on good government by a ruler titled De Maiestates Principis.
In 1763, he inherited from his father the Cavallate estate, which the Lampredi had bought from the Perini family. He served from 1763 to 1773 as a docent in canon law at the University of Pisa, replacing Giovanni Antinori. He later became a professor of civil law (diritto pubblico). From 1767, Lampredi worked on his most important but esoteric work, derived from his teaching: the Iuris pubblici universalis, sive Iuris naturae et gentium theoremata (Livorno 1776-78; Pisa in 1782; and Florence, 1792–93). During these years, his friendship with Marco Lastri became strained.
Among his students were Francesco Foggi, Pietro Ranucci from Citta di Castello, V. Ceramelli, and G. Carmignani. He died in Florence.

## Works

* Saggio sopra la filosofia degli antichi Etruschi (1756)
* Del governo civile degli antichi toscani e delle cause della lor decadenza (1760)
* Juris publici universalis sive Juris naturæ et gentium theoremata (1782)
* Diritto pubblico universale, o sia Diritto di natura e delle genti (trad. ital. del precedente: 1818)
* De Licentia in Hostem (1759)
* Del commercio dei popoli neutrali in tempo di guerra, Florence, 1788.
# Giuseppe Betori

Giuseppe Betori (born 25 February 1947) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who was Archbishop of Florence from 2008 to 2024. He became a bishop in 2001 when he was appointed secretary general of the Italian Episcopal Conference (CEI), a post he held until 2008. He was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 2012.

## Biography

Giuseppe Betori was born in Foligno, Italy, on 25 February 1947. He was ordained a priest on 26 September 1970. He earned a licentiate in theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University and a doctorate in Sacred Scripture at the Pontifical Biblical Institute. While serving in local parishes in Foligno he was Professor of Sacred Scripture and Dean of the Theological Institute of Assisi; diocesan assistant of Catholic Action; director of the Regional Pastoral Centre; assistant at the Youth Pastoral Center of the S. Carlo Institute in Foligno; coordinator of the Secretariat of the Ecclesiastical Conference held in Palermo in 1995; vice-president of the Italian Committee for the XV World Youth Day; and director of the Catechistic Office of the CEI. He also served as undersecretary of Italian Episcopal Conference from 1996 to 2001.
On 5 April 2001, Pope John Paul II named Betori Secretary General of the Italian Episcopal Conference and Titular Bishop of Falerone. He received his episcopal consecration on 6 May 2001.
In 2005, Betori supported a ban on the ordination of homosexuals. He said this could not be called "discrimination" because a priestly vocation is a "gift" rather than a "right".
His appointment as secretary general of the CEI was confirmed for another five-year term on 6 April 2006.
Pope Benedict XVI named Betori archbishop of Florence on 8 September 2008. He ended his service as secretary general of the CEI on 25 September 2008 and was installed in Florence the next day. He was elected president of the Episcopal Conference of Tuscany on 10 February 2009.
On 5 November 2011, Betori survived an apparent assassination attempt. An unidentified man confronted him outside his office, shot and wounded his secretary, and waved a gun at the Betori before fleeing. Betori and other witnesses said they could not make sense of what the gunman said or intended as he gestured toward Betori with his the gun.
On 10 December 2011 he was appointed a member of the Pontifical Council for Culture for a five-year renewable term.
On 6 January 2012, Pope Benedict announced he planned to make Betori a cardinal and Betori was made Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello on 18 February. On 21 April 2012, Betori was appointed a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education and the Pontifical Council for Culture. On 17 May 2014, Pope Francis nominated him a member of the Pontifical Council of the Laity.
He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis.
Pope Francis accepted his resignation as archbishop of Florence on 18 April 2024.