OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Washout filter

In signal processing, a washout filter is a stable high pass filter with zero static gain. This leads to the filtering of lower frequency inputs signals, leaving the steady state output unaffected by unwanted low frequency inputs.

## General Background

The common transfer function for a washout filter is:
$G(s)={\frac {y_{i}(s)}{x_{i}(s)}}={\frac {s}{s+d}}$
Where $x_{i}$ is the input variable, $y_{i}$ is the output of the function for the filter, and the frequency of the filter is set in the denominator. This filter will only produce a non-zero output only during transient periods when the input signal is of higher frequency and not in a constant steady state value. Conversely, the filter will “wash out” sensed input signals that is of lower frequency (constant steady-state signal). [C.K. Wang]

## Flight Control Application
### Yaw Control System

In modern swept wing aircraft, yaw damping control systems are used to dampen and stabilize the Dutch-roll motion of an aircraft in flight. However, when a pilot inputs a command to yaw the aircraft for maneuvering (such as steady turns), the rudder becomes a single control surface that functions to dampen the Dutch-roll motion and yaw the aircraft. The result is a suppressed yaw rate and more required input from the pilot to counter the suppression. [C.K. Wang]
To counter the yaw command suppression, the installation of washout filters before the yaw dampers and rudder actuators will allow the yaw damper feedback loop in the control system to filter out the low frequency signals or state inputs. In the case of a steady turn during flight, the low frequency signal is the pilot command and the washout filter will allow the turn command signal to not be dampened by the yaw damper in the feedback circuit. [C.K. Wang] An example of this use of can be located at Yaw Damper Design for a 747® Jet Aircraft.
# The Girl of the Golden West

The Girl of the Golden West may refer to:
* The Girl of the Golden West (play), a 1905 play by David Belasco, and his 1911 adaptation of it into a novel
* The Girl of the Golden West (opera) or La fanciulla del West, a 1910 opera by Giacomo Puccini, adapted from Belasco's play
* The Girl of the Golden West (1915 film), a film by Cecil B. DeMille
* The Girl of the Golden West (1922 film), a German silent film
* The Girl of the Golden West (1923 film), a film by Edwin Carewe with Sylvia Breamer
* The Girl of the Golden West (1930 film), a lost film by John Francis Dillon with Ann Harding
* The Girl of the Golden West (1938 film), a film by Robert Z. Leonard with Jeanette MacDonald
* Girl of the Golden West (1942 film), an Italian film by Carl Koch
# Sporobolus bakeri

Sporobolus bakeri is a species of grass known by the common names sand cordgrass and bunch cordgrass. It is native to the south-eastern United States, where it grows along the coast and in inland freshwater habitat in Florida.
This species forms dense bunches up to 20 feet wide with stems up to 4 feet tall. The wiry leaves are light green on the undersides and darker on top. During winter the plant is more brown than during summer, when it is brownish-green.
This grass grows in aquatic and semiaquatic habitat, including beaches, ponds, and more upland sites. It may be used to control erosion and can tolerate flooding. It can be grown as an ornamental.
# Raffles Island

Raffles Island is an uninhabited island located approximately 4 km to east of the Sparrebugt bay, Liverpool Land, about 20 km north-east of the town of Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland in the Scoresby Sund area.

## Description

It was named by William Scoresby Jr. in 1822 as Raffles Island in honour of Reverend Thomas Raffles (1788–1863), a prominent independent minister. The alternative native Greenlandic names of Agpalik or Appalik are also in use. It is also known with the Danish names of Raffle Ø or Raffles Ø.
The highest point of the island lies at 550m above the sea level. The island hosts a little lake, called Raffles Sø. Its mean temperature is almost always close to 0 degrees Celsius. Gull colonies have been recorded on the island.
# Ilse Gramatzki

Ilse Gramatzki (born 1939) is a German operatic mezzo-soprano and contralto who performed at major European opera houses. A member of both the Cologne Opera and the Oper Frankfurt she is known for performing roles by Mozart, contemporary opera and roles by Wagner at the Bayreuth Festival including the Jahrhundertring.

## Career

Born in Kiel, Gramatzki studied voice in Hamburg, with the soprano Erna Schlüter, among others. In 1964 she was engaged at the Landestheater Detmold, from 1966 at the Staatstheater Braunschweig. She was a member of the Cologne Opera from 1968 to 1983, where she performed in Jean-Pierre Ponnelle's Mozart cycle. From 1974 to 2001, she was also a member of the Oper Frankfurt. She appeared there as Cornelia in Handel's Giulio Cesare, staged by Horst Zankl [de] in 1977. She performed in 1983 the role of Charlotte in Zimmermann's Die Soldaten in a production conducted by Michael Gielen which was also shown at La Monnaie. In 1986 she participated in the premiere of Hans Zender's Stephen Climax at the Oper Frankfurt.
Gramatzki performed regularly at the Bayreuth Festival from 1972 to 1980, singing roles in the music dramas by Richard Wagner. In his Der Ring des Nibelungen, she appeared as two of the Rhinemaidens: as Floßhilde from 1972 to 1974, and as Wellgunde from 1976 to 1980 in the production Jahrhundertring staged by Patrice Chéreau and conducted by Pierre Boulez, also as the valkyrie Grimgerde in all almost all these seasons. She performed the role of Magdalene in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg in 1976, and appeared in Parsifal as a Flowermaiden and as the First Esquire.
Gramatzki appeared at the Salzburg Festival of 1967 as Dritte Dame in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte. She performed the title role of Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss at the Vienna State Opera in 1977. Roles at the festival Wiener Festwochen included in 1976 Annius in Mozart's La clemenza di Tito, and in 1986 Dorabella in Mozart's Così fan tutte in a production of La Monnaie directed by Luc Bondy.
Other major roles were Orfeo in Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice, Cherubino in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro, Hänsel in Humperdinck's Hänsel und Gretel, and the emperor in Henze's We Come to the River. She appeared at the opera houses of Rome and Amsterdam, and London's Royal Opera House.
# Paal Nilssen-Love

Paal Nilssen-Love (born 24 December 1974) is a Norwegian drummer and composer in the jazz, free jazz and free improvisation genres.

## Early life

Nilssen-Love was born in Molde, Norway. His parents ran a jazz club in Stavanger, and he learned to play drums on the kit owned by his father. As a teenager, he played with free-jazz reedsman Frode Gjerstad, which was the start of a long musical relationship. He did musical studies at Sund folkehøgskole 1993-94. In 1994, during studies on the Jazz program at the Trondheim Musikkonservatorium (1994–96), he formed the band Element which musically became a platform for several other groups with bassist Ingebrigt Håker Flaten and pianist Håvard Wiik and led to collaborations with Iain Ballamy and Chris Potter. Nilssen-Love also did a little composing in the mid-1990s.

## Later life and career

Relocating to Oslo in 1996, Nilssen-Love took part in the forming of bands such as Håkon Kornstad Trio, The Quintet and Frode Gjerstad Trio, as well as self-initiated projects. In 1999, Nilssen-Love played his first solo concert.
Continuing, "by the early 2000s, Nilssen-Love had launched an international career, playing alongside Swedish saxophonist Mats Gustafsson and American reed player Ken Vandermark, among others." He has worked with his trio Vandermark and Ab Baars, the bands Large Unit (a big band, with about 14 members, which he has led and composed for since 2013), School Days, The Thing, Scorch Trio, Territory Band, FME, and various duo projects such as with reedmen Peter Brötzmann and Vandermark guitarist Terrie Hessels (The Ex), saxophonist John Butcher, organist Nils Henrik Asheim, and noise experimentalist Lasse Marhaug.
In 2014, Nilssen-Love decided to leave the band Atomic to concentrate on Large Unit and projects involving more improvising.

## Awards

* 2002: Kongsberg Jazz Award, within Håkon Kornstad Trio
* 2006: Buddyprisen

## Discography
### Solo drum recordings

* 2001: Sticks & Stones (Sofa)
* 2005: 27 Years Later (Utech)
* 2010: Miró (PNL)
* 2012: Chiapaneca (Bocian)
* 2015: News from the Junk Yard (PNL)
# Bukayr ibn Mahan

Abu Hashim Bukayr ibn Mahan (died 744) was one of the chief leaders of the Hashimiyya movement and its propaganda that aimed to overthrow the Umayyad Caliphate. His exact role in the movement, as well as the movement's origins and aims, have been the subject of intense scholarly debate.

## Origin and early life

Bukayr was not Arab, but of Iranian origin. He possibly hailed from Sijistan, but some traditions give his place of birth as the village of Hurmuzfarrah, near the town of Merv in Khurasan. The historian Patricia Crone suggested that another leading figure of the Hashimiyya, Isa ibn Mahan, may have been Bukayr's brother.
Bukayr's father, and Bukayr after him, were mawali (clients) of the Banu Musliya tribe, which belonged to the Yaman or southern Arab tribal group. Bukayr's initial career was spent in service of the Umayyad Caliphate, initially fighting under Yazid ibn al-Muhallab in campaigns in Khurasan and Jurjan. He then served as secretary and translator for Sa'id ibn Amr al-Harashi, governor of Khurasan in 721–723, and then for al-Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman, governor of Sind. At Sind, he was informed that his brother Yazid had died and left him a large fortune; upon news of this, Bukayr left his post and went to Kufa.

## Work in the Hashimiyya

Kufa was a hotbed of proto-Shi'a sentiment, and it was there that he was converted to the cause of the Hashimiyya.
# Richard-Strauss-Straße station

Richard-Strauss-Straße is a Munich U-Bahn station on the U4 line in the borough of Bogenhausen. It is located on the eastern fringe of Alt-Bogenhausen, the traditional core district. The station takes its name from Richard-Strauss-Straße, part of the Mittlerer Ring road system, that runs above the U-Bahn tracks, which was named for the famed German composer Richard Strauss. The station is serviced by the bus lines 59, 187, 188 and 189. Additionally, this subway station is one of three U-Bahn stations to have separate platforms at the either side of tracks rather than one in the middle serving both directions.
The station is located at the intersection of Denniger Straße and Richard-Strauss-Straße, near the headquarters of the Münchner Bank and the Arabella High-Rise Building.
# Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt

Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt is a 1926 book by the Nobel Prize–winning chemist Frederick Soddy on monetary policy and society and the role of energy in economic systems. Soddy criticized the focus on monetary flows in economics, arguing that real wealth was derived from the use of energy to transform materials into physical goods and services. Soddy’s economic writings were largely ignored in his time, but would later be applied to the development of ecological economics in the late 20th century.

## Real wealth and virtual wealth

In this book Soddy points out the fundamental difference between real wealth (consumables such as buildings, equipment, energy, food) and virtual wealth, in the form of money and debt. Soddy contends that real wealth is subject to entropy and will rot, rust, wear out, or be consumed over time, while money and debt (as artificial accounting devices) are subject only to the laws of mathematics, not the laws of thermodynamics. As debt compounding at some rate of interest, virtual wealth will grow effortlessly over time and without limit, instead of diminishing with use as does real wealth. Soddy uses actual occurring examples to demonstrate what he considers a major flaw of prevailing economic theory.
# Wellingborough School (cricket ground)

52°17′42″N 0°40′44″W﻿ / ﻿52.2950°N 0.6788°W﻿ / 52.2950; -0.6788 The Wellingborough School Ground is a cricket ground which was used by Northamptonshire County Cricket Club in 43 First-class matches for 45 years between 1946 and 1991, and 17 List A games between 1970 and 1991. It is now used predominantly for Women's County Twenty20 Cricket. The Thatched Pavilion which adjoins the ground features, as the last step an incoming batsman takes on the way to the wicket, a paving stone from W. G. Grace's home in Bristol. Murray Witham, a geography teacher at the school, rescued the stone from Grace's home when it was being demolished in the 1930s and brought it to the school.

## Records
### First Class

* Highest team total: 523-8d by Yorkshire against Northamptonshire, 1949
* Lowest team total: 62 by Middlesex v Northamptonshire, 1977
* Highest individual score: 269* by L Hutton for Yorkshire against Northamptonshire, 1949
* Highest partnership: 208* by D Brookes and N Oldfield for the First wicket in Northamptonshires innings against Yorkshire, 1949
* Best bowling in an innings: 7-46 by FH Tyson for Northamptonshire against Derbyshire, 1956

### One Day

* Highest team total: 272 by Somerset against Northamptonshire, 1986
* Highest individual score: 175* by IT Botham for Somerset against Northamptonshire, 1986
* Highest partnership: 202 by W Larkins and P Willey for the First wicket in Northamptonshires innings against Leicestershire, 1979
* Best bowling in an innings: 5-31 by FD Stephenson for Nottinghamshire against Northamptonshire, 1991
# Rafael Pont Flores

Rafael Pont Flores (July 8, 1909–July 4, 1980) was an educator, sportsman and journalist. He was from the town of Aibonito, Puerto Rico. He directed the "Escuela del Departamento de Instrucción Pública" Magazine. As a sport chronicler he was honored by being included in the Hall of the Immortals of the Crónica Deportiva en Puerto Rico. He collaborated with newspapers such as; El Mundo, El Imparcial and El Nuevo Dia. He published works such as El deporte en broma y en serio in 1951 and Un Puertorriqueño en España in 1969. He was a member of Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity.

## Legacy

In October 1982 a Multi-use Sports Complex inaugurated in the Bayamon Central University was dedicated in his honor and bears his name. Since 1982 the Overseas Press Club of Puerto Rico gives an annual "Rafael Pont Flores Prize" for excellence in sports journalism. There is also a public intermediate school in Aibonito that has his name. In the Albergue Olímpico in Salinas, there are two Conference Halls and a Sport Library that bear his name.
# Gouverneur's syndrome

Gouverneur's syndrome is characterised by vesicointestinal fistula with associated suprapubic pain, urinary frequency, pain on passing urine, and tenesmus. It is named after French physician R. Gouverneur.
# PBX2

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX2 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed member of the TALE/PBX homeobox family. It was identified by its similarity to a homeobox gene which is involved in t(1;19) translocation in acute pre-B-cell leukemias. This protein is a transcriptional activator which binds to the TLX1 promoter. The gene is located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6.

## Interactions

PBX2 has been shown to interact with HOXA9.
# Nanofiction

Nanofiction may refer to:
# Lake Solitude (New Hampshire)

Lake Solitude is a highland tarn located in western New Hampshire, United States, at the top of Sunapee Ridge between the main summit of Mount Sunapee and South Peak. The lake, covering 6 acres (2.4 ha), is approximately 832 feet (254 m) long by 383 feet (117 m) wide and is located within Mount Sunapee State Park in the town of Newbury. A popular hiking destination, Lake Solitude is accessible via the Andrew Brook Trail, the Newbury Trail, or the long-distance Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway Trail. White Ledge, elevation 2,720 feet (830 m), rises steeply above the lake's west shore and provides expansive views. The lake is considered an important habitat for rare species and is off limits to swimmers and dogs.
Lake Solitude drains into Andrew Brook, thence into Todd Lake, the Warner River, the Contoocook River, then into the Merrimack River and the Atlantic Ocean.
The lake is classified as a coldwater fishery, with observed species including brook trout.
# Lanao del Sur Provincial Board

The Lanao del Sur Provincial Board is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Lanao del Sur.
The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting: the province is divided into two districts, each having five seats. A voter votes up to five names, with the top five candidates per district being elected. The vice governor is the ex officio presiding officer, and only votes to break ties. The vice governor is elected via the plurality voting system province-wide.
The districts used in appropriation of members is coextensive with the legislative districts of Lanao del Sur.
Aside from the regular members, the board also includes the provincial federation presidents of the Liga ng mga Barangay (ABC, from its old name "Association of Barangay Captains"), the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK, youth councils) and the Philippine Councilors League (PCL).

## Apportionment

| Elections | Seats per district | Seats per district | Ex officio seats | Total seats |
| Elections | 1st | 2nd | Ex officio seats | Total seats |
| 2010–present | 5 | 5 | 3 | 13 |

## List of members
### Current members

These are the members after the 2019 local elections and 2018 barangay and SK elections:
* Vice Governor: Mohamad Adiong (Lakas)
| District | Board member | Board member | Party | Start of term | End of term |
| 1st | | Alzaif Munder | Lakas | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| 1st | | Zorab Mangotara | Lakas | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| 1st | | Alicozaman Mangata | Lakas | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| 1st | | Shirali Sani | Nacionalista | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| 1st | | Nasser Ganda Jr. | Lakas | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| 2nd | | Ibrahim Marohombsar | Lakas | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| 2nd | | Soraida Macapodi | Lakas | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| 2nd | | Abdulhamid Amerbitor | Lakas | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| 2nd | | Allan Panolong | Lakas | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| 2nd | | Amir-Oden Balindong | Independent | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| League | Board member | Board member | Party | Start of term | End of term |
| ABC | | | Nonpartisan | July 30, 2018 | January 1, 2023 |
| PCL | | Sharieffali Tanog | Lakas | July 1, 2019 | June 30, 2022 |
| SK | | Jeff Adiong | Nonpartisan | June 8, 2018 | January 1, 2023 |
# The Fourth "R"

The Fourth "R" (also known as The Brain Machine) is a science fiction novel by American writer George O. Smith, first published in 1959. It is a science fictional examination of the genius naïf phenomemon. The plot follows a five-year-old boy named Jimmy Holden, who was given the equivalent of a college education by virtue of his parents' invention, an "Electromechanical Educator." The book is not related to the movie The Brain Machine (1977).

## Publication history

The book was first published by Ballantine Books in 1959 as The Fourth "R" (#316K), a paperback original. It was reprinted by Lancer Books in 1968 (paperback 74-936) and then by Garland Press in 1975 in hardcover as The Brain Machine. It was reprinted again by Dell under its original title, The Fourth "R", in 1979 (paperback #13419, ISBN 0-440-13419-6)

## Plot summary

At the beginning of the story, Jimmy's mother and father are murdered by their best friend, who is also the youngster's godfather and appointed guardian as well as the inventors' trustee. It leaves the protagonist—who has had the plans of his parents' invention eidetically and indelibly imprinted in his mind—to destroy the physical copies of these plans before his "uncle" can finish him off as well.
Jimmy must survive his guardian's efforts to squeeze the secret of the invention out of him (whereupon his death will most certainly be arranged, just as his parents' were), and then escape into hiding until he can grow into a physical stature commensurate with his mental age.
In the process, the character must make for himself a living and a safe place of residence, and Smith uses his protagonist's situation and capabilities to examine the nature of childhood and the "protections" (including incapacitations) imposed upon legal infants in American civil society at the time of writing.

## Reception

In his review column for F&SF, Damon Knight selected the novel as one of the 10 best genre books of 1959. R. D. Mullen reported that "Though it becomes tendentious and sentimental in its last chapters, [The Brain Machine] is up to that point a surprisingly good story of the difficulties of the superboy in a world run by stupid adults.
# Ruhi Sarı

Ruhi Sarı (born 18 May 1972) is a Turkish actor. He is best known for hit series "Yeditepe İstanbul", "Yarım Elma", "Sultan Makamı". He has appeared in more than ninety films and series.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title |
| 1999 | The Third Page |
| 2004 | Where's Firuze? |
| 2007 | For Love and Honor |
| 2010 | Haze |
| 2010 | Toll Booth |
# Gorilla Biscuits (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Gorilla Biscuits is the first album, released as a 7-inch EP, by the hardcore band Gorilla Biscuits. It was later released on CD.

## Critical reception

AllMusic gave the album a mixed review, writing that "the first release from hardcore legends Gorilla Biscuits is a vital part of the band's history but still far from the classic Start Today LP issued only a year later."

## Track listing (7-inch)

All songs written by Walter Schreifels.
Side A
* "High Hopes" – 2:25
* "Big Mouth" – 2:00
* "No Reason Why" – 1:53
* "GM2" – 0:21
Side B
* "Hold Your Ground" – 2:02
* "Breaking Free" – 1:13
* "Finish What You Started" – 1:41

## Track listing (CD)

* "High Hopes" – 2:25
* "Big Mouth" – 2:00
* "No Reason Why" – 1:53
* "GM2" – 0:21
* "Hold Your Ground" – 2:02
* "Breaking Free" – 1:13
* "Finish What You Started" – 1:41
* "Sitting Round at Home" (Buzzcocks cover) – 1:43
* "Biscuit Power" – 1:24 (song also known elsewhere as "Gorilla Biscuits")
* "Short End of the Stick" – 1:32
* "Hold Your Ground" (Different lyrics) – 2:04
* "GM2" – 1:13 (song also known elsewhere as "Slut")
* Tracks 8 to 12 are unlisted.

## Members

* CIV - vocals
* Walter Schreifels - guitar
* Arthur Smilios - bass guitar
* Luke Abbey - drums
# PBX3

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX3 gene.