OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Randles circuit

In electrochemistry, a Randles circuit is an equivalent electrical circuit that consists of an active electrolyte resistance R$_S$ in series with the parallel combination of the double-layer capacitance C$_{dl}$ and an impedance (Z$_w$) of a faradaic reaction. It is commonly used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for interpretation of impedance spectra, often with a constant phase element (CPE) replacing the double layer capacity. The Randles equivalent circuit is one of the simplest possible models describing processes at the electrochemical interface. In real electrochemical systems, impedance spectra are usually more complicated and, thus, the Randles circuit may not give appropriate results.

## Explanation

Figure 1 shows the equivalent circuit initially proposed by John Edward Brough Randles for modeling of interfacial electrochemical reactions in presence of semi-infinite linear diffusion of electroactive particles to flat electrodes. A simple model for an electrode immersed in an electrolyte is simply the series combination of the ionic resistance, R$_S$, with the double layer capacitance, C$_{dl}$. If a faradaic reaction is taking place then that reaction is occurring in parallel with the charging of the double layer – so the charge transfer resistance, R$_{ct}$, associated with the faradaic reaction is in parallel with C$_{dl}$. The key assumption is that the rate of the faradaic reaction is controlled by diffusion of the reactants to the electrode surface. The diffusional resistance element (the Warburg impedance, Z$_W$), is therefore in series with R$_{ct}$.
In this model, the impedance of a faradaic reaction consists of an active charge transfer resistance R$_{ct}$ and a specific electrochemical element of diffusion Z$_W$, represented by a Warburg element
    $Z_{\mathrm {w} }={\frac {A_{\mathrm {w} }}{\sqrt {j\omega }}},$
where
* A$_W$ is the Warburg coefficient;
* j is an imaginary unit;
* ω is the angular frequency.

## Identifying the Warburg element

In a simple situation, the Warburg element manifests itself in EIS spectra by a line with an angle of 45 degrees in the low frequency region. Figure 2 shows an example of EIS spectrum (presented in the Nyquist plot) simulated using the following parameters: R$_S$ = 20 Ω, C$_{dl}$ = 25 μF, R$_{ct}$ = 100 Ω, A$_W$ = 300 Ω•s$^{−0.5}$. Values of the charge transfer resistance and Warburg coefficient depend on physico-chemical parameters of a system under investigation. To obtain the Randles circuit parameters, the fitting of the model to the experimental data should be performed using complex nonlinear least-squares procedures available in numerous EIS data fitting computer programs.
# Sounds of Love

Sounds of Love may refer to:
* Sounds of Love (album), a 1970 album by Bobby Vinton
* Sounds of Love (manga), a Japanese manga
# Chrysocale plebeja

Chrysocale plebeja is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1853. It is found in Venezuela.
# Kase (surname)

Kase (written: 加瀬) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hideaki Kase (加瀬 英明, 1936–2022), Japanese diplomatic critic
* Jiro Kase (加瀬 次郎, born 1954), Japanese judoka
* Kanako Kase (加瀬 加奈子, born 1980), Japanese professional racing cyclist
* Kiyoshi Kase (加瀬 清), Japanese sport wrestler
* Max Kase (1897–1974), American newspaper editor
* Ryō Kase (加瀬 亮, born 1974), Japanese actor
* Shun'ichi Kase (加瀬 俊一, 1897–1956), Japanese diplomat
* Taiji Kase (加瀬 泰治, 1929–2004), Japanese karate master
* Toshikazu Kase (加瀬 俊一, 1903–2004), Japanese diplomat
* Yasuyuki Kase (加瀬 康之, born 1971), Japanese voice actor
# Ernst Ortlepp

Ernst Ortlepp (August 1, 1800 - June 14, 1864) was a German poet.
Ortlepp was born in Droyßig near Zeitz as the son of a Lutheran priest. He went to school in Pforta until he was 19 years old and then studied theology and philosophy in Leipzig. He left the university in 1824 without taking a degree.
Ortlepp returned to Leipzig during the 1830s and became famous for his political poems. Some of them were dedicated to Poland and its struggle for independence. Around this time he became an acquaintance of the young Richard Wagner (Ortlepp also met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe a few years before). His critical statements in Fieschi alarmed the Austrian statesman Metternich, who used his power to forbid the further publishment of this poem. Ortlepp finally became Leipzig's persona non grata in 1836.
He went to Württemberg, where he lived since 1837. In this period he made a living by translating the works of other poets like Lord Byron. Ortlepp tried to create a national poem, which he called Germania, during the Revolution of 1848. His financial situation worsened and he was thrown out of Württemberg in 1853. He then returned to his homeland.
Ortlepp's life became even more unstable, after his failed attempt to become a college-teacher in 1856. He got into some trouble, probably caused by alcoholism, and was imprisoned twice at Zeitz. That didn't terminate his poetical career as he was still published in a newspaper of Naumburg. He also wrote verses for private customers.
During the last years of his life, he spent a lot of time at his old school, where several teachers and students became his friends. Among them was Friedrich Nietzsche. Some biographers believe that Ortlepp was Nietzsche's mentor and deeply influenced him.
Ernst Ortlepp died near Pforta on June 14, 1864. The circumstances of his death remain mysterious. Nietzsche wrote the following words in a letter: Der alte Ortlepp ist übrigens todt. Zwischen Pforta und Almrich fiel er in einen Graben und brach den Nacken. In Pforta wurde er früh morgends bei düsterem Regen begraben; vier Arbeiter trugen den rohen Sarg; Prof. Keil folgte mit einem Regenschirm. Kein Geistlicher. Wir sprachen ihn am Todestag in Almrich. Er sagte, er gienge sich ein Logis im Saalthale zu miethen. Wir wollen ihm einen kleinen Denkstein setzen; wir haben gesammelt; wir haben an 40 Thl.
(Translation: Old Ortlepp is dead, by the way. Between Pforta and Almrich, he fell in a roadside ditch and broke his neck. They buried him at Pforta under dusky rain in the early morning; four workers carried the crude coffin; Professor Keil followed with an umbrella. There was no priest. We talked to him at Almrich on the day of his death. He said he was going to rent an accommodation in the Saale valley. We want to erect a small monument for him; we have collected money, about 40 Thaler.)

## Literature

* Der alte Ortlepp war's wohl doch by Hermann J. Schmidt. Alibri Verlag Aschaffenburg, 2004, ISBN 978-3-932710-69-8
* Tatsachen und Mutmaßungen über Ernst Ortlepp by Manfred Neuhaus. Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt 2005, ISBN 978-3-8334-2303-1
# Reseda alba

Reseda alba is a species of flowering plant in the reseda family known by the common names white mignonette or white upright mignonette. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and it can be found in parts of the Americas and Australia as an introduced species. It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant for its spikelike racemes of fragrant white flowers. This is an annual or perennial herb growing up to a meter tall. The leaves are divided deeply into many narrow lobes. The inflorescence, which may take up most of the upper stem, is densely packed with many white flowers. Each flower has five or six petals, each of which is divided into three long, narrow lobes, making the raceme appear frilly. The fruit is a nearly rectangular four-angled capsule up to 1.4 centimeters in length.
# Gilia capitata

Gilia capitata is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names blue-thimble-flower, bluehead gilia, blue field gilia, and globe gilia.

## Distribution

It is native to much of western North America from Alaska to northern Mexico, and it can be found on the eastern side of the continent as an introduced species as it is used in pollinator gardens. It grows in many habitats, especially in sandy or rocky soils.

## Description

Gilia capitata is an annual herb that is somewhat variable in appearance, with branching, leafy stems reaching anywhere from 10 to 90 centimeters in maximum height and sometimes having glandular hairs on the fleshy herbage. The leaves are divided into toothed or lobed leaflets. Atop the branches of the thick stem are spherical inflorescences of 50 to 100 small flowers. Each flower has a throat opening into a spreading corolla which may be white, pink, lavender, or light blue. The stamens protrude slightly from the flower's mouth and are white with white, blue, or pink anthers. The plant attracts bees and butterflies.

### Subspecies

There are several subspecies, including:
* G. c. ssp. abrotanifolia - native to California and Baja California
* G. c. ssp. capitata - occurs throughout the range of the species
* G. c. ssp. chamissonis (dune gilia) - endemic to the sand dunes of California's central coast; bears bright blue-violet flowers
* G. c. ssp. mediomontana - native to the Sierra Nevada
* G. c. ssp. pacifica - grows along the coastline of Oregon and California
* G. c. ssp. pedemontana - native to the Sierra Nevada foothills
* G. c. ssp. staminea - found in California and Arizona
* G. c. ssp. tomentosa - a rare subspecies known from a few occurrences just north of the San Francisco Bay Area
# Governor Islands (Western Australia)

The Governor Islands (13°56′36″S 126°41′58″E﻿ / ﻿13.94333°S 126.69944°E﻿ / -13.94333; 126.69944) are located off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia.
Islands in the group include:
* East Governor Island 13°56′45″S 126°42′15″E﻿ / ﻿13.94583°S 126.70417°E﻿ / -13.94583; 126.70417﻿ (East Governor Island)
* West Governor Island 13°56′45″S 126°41′08″E﻿ / ﻿13.94583°S 126.68556°E﻿ / -13.94583; 126.68556﻿ (West Governor Island)
# Purnima (Hindi actress)

Purnima Das Verma (born Meherbhano Mohammad Ali; 2 March, 1934 — 14 August, 2013) was an Indian actress who worked predominantly in Hindi-language films. She was the aunt of director Mahesh Bhatt and grandmother of actor Emraan Hashmi.

## Personal life

Meherbano Mohammad Ali was born on 2 March, 1934. Her elder sister, Shirin, is the mother of directors Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. Meherbano's first husband was a journalist named Syed Shauqat Hashmi, who moved to Pakistan during the partition of India. Her son from this first marriage, Anwar Hashmi (father of Emraan Hashmi), acted in Baharon Ke Manzil (1968) opposite Farida Jalal. In 1954, she got married for the second time, to filmmaker, Bhagwan Das Varma. Meherbano took the screen name 'Purnima' when she entered the film industry.

## Career

Purnima acted in over 80 Bollywood films. She was a popular Hindi film actress from the late '40s to '50s. She appeared in many films including, Patanga (1949), Jogan (1950), Sagai (1951), Jaal (1952), Aurat (1953), a role in Ajay Devgan's debut film Phool Aur Kaante, and the role of Sanjay Dutt's on-screen grandmother, in Naam which was directed by Mahesh Bhatt. She also played the role of Amitabh Bachchan's mother, in the film Zanjeer.

## Death

Purnima had Alzheimer's disease during the last few years of her life and died on 14 August, 2013. Mahesh Bhatt later revealed on Twitter, "My aunt Purnima, the first star of our family and who happens to be Emraan Hashmi's grandmother has entered the sunset moments of her life."

## Selected filmography

* Patanga (1949)
* Jogan (1950)
* Sagai (1951)
* Badal (1951)
* Jaal (1952)
* Aurat (1953)
* Baghi Sipahi (1958)
* Humjoli (1970)
* Banphool (1971)
* Zanjeer (1973)
* Ganga Ki Saugandh (1978)
* Khara Khota (1981)
* Poonam (1981)
* Hum Se Badkar Kaun(1981)
* Kaalia (1981)
* Dharam Kanta (1982)
* Inquilaab (1984 film) Amarnath Aunt
* Yaadgar (1984)
* Sadaa Suhagan (1986)
# So Fresh: The No. 1 Hits

So Fresh: The #1 Hits is a compilation of songs which have peaked at #1 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart in various years, released on 17 May 2008.

## Track listing
### Disc 1

* Avril Lavigne – "Girlfriend" (3:36)
* Gwen Stefani – "What You Waiting For?" (3:43)
* Alien Ant Farm – "Smooth Criminal" (3:27)
* Akon – "Lonely" (3:34)
* Fergie – "Big Girls Don't Cry" (4:32)
* Justin Timberlake – "Rock Your Body" (4:27)
* Pink – "Most Girls" (5:00)
* Chris Brown – "Run It!" (3:15)
* Britney Spears – "Toxic" (3:20)
* The Pussycat Dolls – "Don't Cha" (4:03)
* Usher – "Burn" (4:17)
* Christina Aguilera – "Beautiful" (4:00)
* TV Rock featuring Seany B – "Flaunt It" (3:30)
* NSYNC – "Bye Bye Bye" (3:21)
* Backstreet Boys – "Incomplete" (3:59)
* The Black Eyed Peas – "Shut Up" (5:10)
* Mýa – "Case of the Ex" (3:53)
* Outkast – "Roses" (4:15)
* 2Pac featuring Elton John – "Ghetto Gospel" (3:59)

### Disc 2

* Wheatus – "Teenage Dirtbag" (4:05)
* Anastacia – "Left Outside Alone" (4:16)
* Hinder – "Lips of an Angel" (4:22)
* Lifehouse – "Hanging by a Moment" (3:36)
* Lighthouse Family – "High" (4:36)
* Guy Sebastian – "Angels Brought Me Here" (3:58)
* Delta Goodrem and Brian McFadden – "Almost Here" (3:47)
* Vanessa Carlton – "A Thousand Miles" (3:58)
* Nelly featuring Kelly Rowland – "Dilemma" (4:49)
* Nitty – "Nasty Girl" (4:08)
* t.A.T.u. – "All the Things She Said" (3:34)
* Will Smith – "Switch" (3:18)
* Shannon Noll – "Learn to Fly" (4:13)
* Paulini – "Angel Eyes" (4:04)
* Sandi Thom – "I Wish I Was a Punk Rocker (With Flowers in My Hair)" (2:34)
* Anthony Callea – "Rain" (3:48)
* Aqua – "Doctor Jones" (3:23)
* 50 Cent – "In da Club" (3:12)
* Afroman – "Because I Got High" (3:20)

## Charts

| Chart | Peak |
| ARIA Compilations Chart | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Run2me

"Run2me" is a song by The Smashing Pumpkins, released as the fourth single from the band's ninth studio album Monuments to an Elegy. The accompanying music video was premiered on Vulture.com on October 22, 2015.

## Song description

Most music critics noted the song's deviating from the band's traditional guitar sound. In his review of the album, Spin's Andrew Unterberger compared the song to the work of synthpop duo Erasure. Speculating on possible influences, the Rolling Stone's Dan Hallman characterised the song as "Killers-ish". In similar vein, Drowned in Sound's Andrzej Lukowski described the track as a "blippy homage to Corgan’s beloved New Order". In contrast, Consequence of Sound's Michael Roffman likened the track to the band's previous album Oceania.

## Background and recording

The song was featured on several preliminary track listings for the album posted on the band's website.
The final version that appears on the album seems to be considerably different from its early demo version. In an update on the recording process posted on the band's website on April 14, 2014, band leader Billy Corgan described the song's sound as being more Big Country than The Smashing Pumpkins, with producer Howard Willing criticising the "80s drums" on the track, triggering a process of "deconstruction". In a later update on 16 May, Corgan described "stripping away previous guitars so that all that was left were [..] drums and [...] bass", then adding an "arpeggiated figure" reminiscent of The Who's "Baba O'Riley" as well as strings reminiscent of the band's own song Tonight, Tonight. On June 18, 2014, Corgan announced the song as being "done" in another recording update on the band's website.

## Music video

Directed by longtime Corgan collaborator Linda Strawberry, the music video features "magical orbs, eerie incantations, and mysterious hooded women". Strawberry elaborated on the video's narrative: "The Magician is symbolic of transition and inspiration, while the protagonist in the video is afraid of who she is about to become, she learns, accepts and then lets go of whatever was holding her back."

## Reception

General critical reception to the song has been mixed. The Guardian's Kitty Empire noted the song "glides past appealingly" while "[crying] out for a Euro-rave remix". In similar fashion, Drowned in Sound's Andrzej Lukowski described the song as "gorgeous". Consequence of Sound's Michelle Geslani even called the song a "standout" of the album. A number of critics, however, found less praising words in their reviews. NME's Kevin Eg Perry considered the track one of the weaker on the album, calling it an "[unsuccessful] stab[...] at synthpop". Criticizing its "cringe-inducing text-speak title", he likened the song to "a forgotten 1980s Eurovision entry". Stereogum's Michael Nelson called the song "skippable", while Clash's Mike Diver referred to it as "completely tiresome" in his verdict.

## Personnel
### The Smashing Pumpkins

* Billy Corgan – vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards and synthesizers
* Jeff Schroeder – guitar

### Additional musicians

* Tommy Lee – drums
# Super Polsat

Super Polsat is a Polish television channel, launched on 2 January 2017. The channel provides programming with audio description and closed captioning for visually and hearing impaired.

## Programming

Super Polsat broadcasts mainly light entertainment shows known from Polsat, such as talent shows (e.g. Dancing with the Stars. Taniec z gwiazdami, Must Be the Music. Tylko muzyka), reality shows (e.g. Wyspa przetrwania, Farma), TV series (e.g. Przyjaciółki, Świat według Kiepskich) and classic Polish films. A portion of programming is centred around disabilities.
Original programming include:
* Joker – game show based on Turkish Joker (2017–2018);
* Taxi kasa – game show based on British Cash Cab (2018);
* Łowcy nagród – game show based on Israeli Raid the Cage (2020);
* Pierwsza klasa – a pseudo-documentary series licensed from Dutch Brugklas (2018);
* Tatuśkowie – comedy TV series (2021);
* Miasto długów – TV series (2020);
* Kopernik była kobietą – popular science magazine (since 2020);
* SuperLudzie – documentary series about impaired people (2017–2019);
* Małe wielkie marzenia – impaired people's home makeovers (ca. 2018);
* Pozytywka SuperMagazyn – documentary series about impaired people's everyday life (ca. 2018–2019);
* Flesz Integracja – news magazine about issues of handicapped persons (2018).

## Logos

| 2017–2020 | 2020–2021 | 2021–present |
# Church of Santa Maria, All

The Church of Santa Maria (Catalan: Santa Maria d'All, French: Église Sainte-Marie d'All) is a Catholic church located in All, a village in the Spanish municipality of Isòvol in Cerdanya, a comarca in northern Catalonia.

## History

Santa Maria is first mentioned in the Act of Consecration of the Cathedral of Urgell in 839. The church belongs to the parish of All. Two polychrome Romanesque images from the church, which are known as "the Majesty" and "the Virgin of All" and date from the end of the twelfth or early thirteenth century, are preserved in the National Art Museum of Catalonia.

## Architecture

The church, built of ashlar with a very irregular masonry (opus incertum), consists of a single nave, side chapels on the north of the building, a semicircular apse and a square bell tower located to the south of the building.
The southern side is adorned with a door which is considered to be among the most beautiful in Cerdanya, alongside those of Guils de Cerdanya, Llo, Saga, Olopte and Vià.
The door is framed by a pair of columns with carved capitals portraying orans, or praying figures. It is topped by an archivolt with three arches. Two of these arches are decorated with geometric patterns. The outer arch has a bevel decorated with representations of figures.
The southern side also has two corbels: one, which is the head of an animal, is located above the door, and the other one, a human face, is under one of the windows.
# Reseda minoica

Reseda minoica is a species of flowering plant of the genus Reseda found in the eastern Mediterranean region. It was described in 2013 by Santiago Martín-Bravo and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías at the Pablo de Olavide University in Spain. The species has long been confused with closely related species such as R. odorata, R. orientalis and R. balansae, to which it bears a striking resemblance. However, the species can be differentiated from other species by its floral parts. Taxonomic and molecular analyses have further revealed that it is the maternal species of common mignonette (R. odorata), one of the most common sources of fragrance since Ancient Roman times.

## Discovery and etymology

Reseda minoica is endemic to the eastern Mediterranean region, including Turkey, Cyprus and Crete (Gavdos Island). The type specimen was collected from Mersin, southern Turkey, on 28 April 2010, where it is found on the limestone cliffs that border the region's roads, on slopes and rocky grounds. The plant is most abundant near the coast. The specific name is given after the Minoan civilisation, which flourished during the Bronze Age in Crete, and whose cultural influences spread to Cyprus, Anatolia and the Levantine coast. Due to its similarity with other Reseda species, it was misidentified as Redesa orientalis in 2007 by the same scientists who described other species in the genus.

## Description

Reseda minoica is easily confused with other species of Reseda as it has similar appearance and is of similar size, although it can be distinguished from other species by its floral parts. It has fewer stamens (12-16), relatively small-sized seed (1.5 mm), and whitish petal. It is an annual or perennial herb up to 1 m (generally between 10–70 cm) tall. Its stem is erect and branches off from its base. The bark is heavily covered with long hairs. The leaves are generally three-lobed and alternately arranged. Inflorescence is racemose. The fruit is oblong and measures about 4.5 mm and 1 mm in circumference. It flowers during March to June.

## Phylogeny and significance

Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and trnL-trnF show that Reseda minoica is the ancestor of R. odorata. R. odorata is among the earliest known sources of perfume and has been commercially cultivated since Ancient Roman times. It is still one of the most common ingredients in the cosmetics industry. Thus Reseda minoica is the mother of one of the oldest perfume plants.
# Choquette (avocado)

The Choquette avocado is a named commercial cultivar of avocado that originated in South Florida.

## History

The original tree grew from a seed planted on the property of Remi D. Choquette Sr. in Miami, Florida, in January 1929, and was likely the result of a cross between Guatemalan and West Indian types. The tree first fruited in 1934, and propagation began in 1939.
'Choquette' bore large fruit of good eating quality in large quantities and had good disease resistance, and thus became a major cultivar. Today 'Choquette' is widely propagated in Florida both for commercial growing and for home growing.
'Choquette' trees are planted in the collections of the USDA's germplasm repository in Miami, the University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida, and the Miami-Dade Fruit and Spice Park, also in Homestead.

## Description

The fruit is very large, averaging 30–40 ounces (850–1100 grams) in weight, with an oval shape is glossy, smooth, green skin. Oil content of the fruit is approximately 13%. In Florida, the fruit mature from October to January. 'Choquette' trees produce A-type flowers.
# Governor Clayton

Governor Clayton may refer to:
* Gilbert Clayton (1875–1929), Military Governor of Palestine from 1917 to 1917-1919
* Jasper Clayton (died 1743), Governor of Gibraltar from 1727 to 1730
* Joshua Clayton (1744–1798), 10th Governor of Delaware
* Powell Clayton (1833–1914), 9th Governor of Arkansas
# Purnima (film)

Purnima is a 1965 Indian family entertainment romance film produced by Mahipatray Shah and directed by Narendra Suri in Hindi language under the Roopkala Pictures company.

## Cast

* Dharmendra as Prakash
* Meena Kumari as Purnima
* Mehmood as Chimanbhai 'Kafanwala' Suratwala
* Anita Guha as Vandana Mehra
* Nasir Hussain as Ratan Lal
* Durga Khote as Sharda R. Lal

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack album of Purnima consists of 8 songs composed by Kalyanji-Anandji the lyrics of which were written by Bharat Vyas, Gulzar, Gulshan Bawra and Prakash Mehra.