OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tower of fields

In mathematics, a tower of fields is a sequence of field extensions
    F$_0$ ⊆ F$_1$ ⊆ ... ⊆ F$_n$ ⊆ ...
The name comes from such sequences often being written in the form
    ${\begin{array}{c}\vdots \\|\\F_{2}\\|\\F_{1}\\|\\\ F_{0}.\end{array}}$
A tower of fields may be finite or infinite.

## Examples

* Q ⊆ R ⊆ C is a finite tower with rational, real and complex numbers.
* The sequence obtained by letting F$_0$ be the rational numbers Q, and letting
       $F_{n}=F_{n-1}\!\left(2^{1/2^{n}}\right),\quad {\text{for}}\ n\geq 1$
    (i.e. F$_n$ is obtained from F$_{n-1}$ by adjoining a 2$^n$ th root of 2), is an infinite tower.
* If p is a prime number the p th cyclotomic tower of Q is obtained by letting F$_0$ = Q and F$_n$ be the field obtained by adjoining to Q the p$^n$ th roots of unity. This tower is of fundamental importance in Iwasawa theory.
* The Golod–Shafarevich theorem shows that there are infinite towers obtained by iterating the Hilbert class field construction to a number field.
# Touiref

Touiref is a town and commune in the Kef Governorate, Tunisia. As of 2004 it had a population of 2,895.
# Sutaşı

Sutaşı is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Samandağ, Hatay Province, Turkey. Its population is 6,402 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

## Geography

Sutaşı is situated along the Asi River (known as Orontes in antiquity). It is subject to frequent floods and in 1977 it was renamed as Sutaşı ("water stone") referring to floods. It almost merges with Samandağ to the west. Its distance to Antakya (the capital city of the province) is 24 kilometres (15 mi).

## History

The settlement was annexed by the Ottoman sultan Selim I in 1517 and was lost to France at the end of World War I in 1918. In 1938, together with the rest of Hatay Republic, it was returned to Turkey. In 1955 it was declared a seat of township.

## Economy

The main economic activities in the town are greenhouse and citrus agriculture as well as cattle breeding. Some people are also involved in sericulture.
# Thomas White of Tuxford

Thomas White (died 1580) was an English state official who came to prominence during the Dudley conspiracy of 1555 against Mary I of England.

## Biography

He was the son of John White. He lived in Tuxford in Nottinghamshire. Thomas married Agnes (aka Anne) Cecil, the daughter of Richard Cecil. Agnes' brother was Queen Elizabeth I's great Lord Treasurer, Sir William Cecil, 1st Lord Burghley).
During the plot, Sir Henry Dudley, a kinsman of the Duke of Northumberland, tried to place Princess Elizabeth on the throne of England, disposing of Mary. Thomas White was an official in the Exchequer. His part in the plot was to have been a minor one whereby he was to have arrange the robbery of the Exchequer to provide finance for the plotters to pay for the army of exiles and mercenaries they were attempting to bring over from the Continent. White became frightened as time went on, and confessed to Cardinal Pole all he knew. The plot was foiled. As a reward for his loyalty, White was rewarded by the gracious gift of four estates from the Queen. The estates were: Cotgrave, Notts., and Preston, Stone, and Kynwadeston, in Somerset. "In consideration," so runs the Originalia Roll, 3 and 4 Phil, and Mary, "of good and faithful service by our beloved servant, Thomas White, gentleman, in that late conspiracy against us, our crown and dignity attempted not long since by Henry Dudley and his accomplices." Thomas’s wife is called Agnes Cecil throughout this grant.
In addition to these manors and his Collingham property, Thomas possessed the manor of Ruddingston, Notts.; lands at Holbich, Lincoln; Stilton, Hunts.; and the estate of Woodhead, in Rutland. In 1560, he purchased the greater part of the remaining portion of the manors of Tuxford, and his son, Sir John White, completed the acquisition of the whole. Thomas White died on 26 October 1580, and is buried with his wife (who survived him) in the smaller of the two vaults of the White’s mortuary chapel on the north side of the Church of St. Nicholas, Tuxford.
# Glad Rags (TV series)

Glad Rags is an Australian children's television series which screened on the Nine Network in 1995.

## Cast

* Sarah Chadwick as Patricia 'Trish' Forbes
* Brooke Anderson as Lizzie Forbes
* Grant Piro as Warren Hamm
* Jerome Ehlers as Graeme Marsden
# Stavenhagen (disambiguation)

Stavenhagen is a municipality in Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Stavenhagen may also refer to:

## People with the surname

* Agnes Stavenhagen (1860–1945), German soprano, wife of Bernhard
* Bernhard Stavenhagen (1862–1914), German pianist, composer and conductor
* Rodolfo Stavenhagen (1932–2016), Mexican sociologist
# Eruera Hamiora Tumutara

Eruera Hamiora Tumutara (c.1859 – 11 January 1930) was a notable New Zealand Ringatū bishop. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngati Awa and Ngati Tuwharetoa iwi. He was born in Te Whaiti, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, in about 1859.
# Chiazzolino

Chiazzolino is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dario Chiazzolino (born 1985), Italian jazz guitarist and composer
* Giacomo Chiazzolino (born 1986), Italian footballer
# Idle railway station

vteBradford Lines :
Legend :
Idle railway station was a railway station in Idle, West Yorkshire, England.

## History

During the 1860s, two small railway companies were formed to promote suburban railways in Bradford, the Bradford, Eccleshill and Idle Railway and the Idle and Shipley Railway. Their schemes - and the companies themselves - were taken up by the Great Northern Railway, which built a line looping through the villages to the north-east of Bradford: from Laisterdyke, through Eccleshill, Idle and Thackley to Shipley.
The line was open to goods traffic on 4 May 1874, and to passengers on 18 January 1875. Idle railway station opened on 15 April 1875 and was situated south of the High Street next to the Oddfellows Hall, built in 1840.
Passenger service on the line ceased on 2 February 1931 and the passenger station closed, though goods traffic continued on the whole line until October 1964 and between Shipley and Idle until 1968.
Little now remains to show that there was ever a railway station in Idle. The station was just south of the bridge where the railway crossed High Street at the junction with New Street. It then followed the route of what is now Idlecroft Road south towards Eccleshill.

## Route

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Thackley | GNR Shipley Great Northern Railway branch line | Eccleshill |
# Shishiori-Karakuwa Station

Shishiori-Karakuwa Station (鹿折唐桑駅, Shishiori-Karakuwa-eki) was a JR East railway station located in Kesennuma, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The station was destroyed by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and has now been replaced by a provisional bus rapid transit line.

## Lines

Shishiori-Karakuwa Station was served by the Ōfunato Line, and is located 64.2 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Ichinoseki Station.

## Station layout

Shishiori-Karakuwa Station had a single side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station was unattended.

## History

Shishiori-Karakuwa Station opened on 19 March 1932 as Shishiori Station (鹿折駅, Shishiori eki). It was renamed to its present name on 1 November 1986. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. The station was completely destroyed by the 11 March 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

## Surrounding area

* Kesennuma Shishiori Elementary School
* Kesennuma Shishiori Middle School
* Kesennuma Shishiori Post Office
# Tower of San Cristóbal

The Tower of San Cristóbal is a Mudéjar tower belonging to the Church of San Cristóbal in Toledo (Spain).

## History

The missing church seemed to be associated with a mosque founded by Fathibn Ibrahim al'Umawi', known as al-Qasari (934 - 1013). Evidence indicates the existence of a church at San Cristóbal as of1187. In the 15th century, transformations were made to adapt it to the Greco-Roman style.
In 1842 the parochiality was knocked down, while the building was broken up and sold to individuals who later destroyed the pieces.
In 1845 the demolition of the church proceeded, in view of its ruinous state. The only remnant was the tower built on the foundations of an earlier minaret.
The tower was rebuilt between the second half of the 12th century and the first half of the 13th century, when it was linked to the first phase of Toledan Mudéjar.

## The death of tower

The tower is of square plan with a central machon, around which revolved the stairs. It is made of taped masonry which, at the base, before its restoration, had the appearance of ashlar. To these first strings corresponded chains of stone, while in the rest of the tower these are of brick. One wall reused a Visigothic piece.
The organization of the spans is in a pointed horseshoe arch, framed in a slight protrusion by a side arranged in the manner of an alphabet. Such an organization has evident Almohad links, which is further supported by its presence in the church of San Cipriano in Toledo. Despite this, it is an unusual model in the Toledan Mudéjar.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Boletín Oficial del Estado. Texto del Documento". boe.es (in Spanish). 2007-12-05. Archived from the original on 2007-12-05. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
# Touch Too Much

"Touch Too Much" is a song by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It was released on their 1979 album Highway to Hell, their last with lead vocalist Bon Scott, who died the following year.

## Overview

The song was performed by Scott and AC/DC on BBC music show Top of the Pops, 12 days before his death. This episode, dated 7 February 1980, was repeated by BBC Four on 19 February 2015, the 35th anniversary of Scott's death.
The band had earlier recorded another song with vastly different words and music entitled "Touch Too Much", but the song was never released. That track would eventually see the light of day in 1997 when it was included in Volts, part of the band's Bonfire box set.
The cover of the single in many territories was released with the band photograph flipped horizontally, incorrectly showing the Youngs and bassist Cliff Williams as playing left-handed.
The music video was live rehearsal performance from If You Want Blood Tour 1978-1979, along with "Walk All Over You" on the Family Jewels DVD compilation.
Prior to joining AC/DC on the Rock or Bust World Tour, Axl Rose said this was his favourite AC/DC song. The song was first performed live on 22 May 2016 in Prague.

## Reception

Cash Box called it "high voltage rock...with Bon Scott's gritty vocals and Angus Young's scrappy lead guitar work," and praised the hook.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1980) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 29 |
| West Germany (Official German Charts) | 13 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1980) | Position |
| West Germany (Official German Charts) | 45 |

## Personnel

* Bon Scott – vocals
* Angus Young – lead guitar
* Malcolm Young – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
* Cliff Williams – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Phil Rudd – drums

## Cover versions

* Serbian hard rock band Cactus Jack recorded a version on their live cover album DisCover in 2002.
# Punaura Dham

Punaura Dham is also known as Maa Janaki Janmabhoomi Temple in Punaura village of Sitamarhi district of Bihar. It is believed that Mata Sita was born at this place.

## History

There is a story related to this that once there was a severe famine in Mithila and the priest there advised King Janak to plow the field.When King Janak was ploughing, an earthen pot came out of the ground, in which Mother Sita was in an infant state.
Behind the temple in Punaura Dham, there is a lake by the name of Janaki Kund. There is a belief about this lake that bathing in this lake gives birth to children.
# Siedlce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Siedlce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chęciny, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Chęciny and 18 km (11 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Hydroline

Hydroline designs and manufactures durable, heavy-duty hydraulic cylinders. The Finnish company was founded in the early 1960s as a metal lathing shop.
The family-owned company employs two hundred people. Its main production facility is located near to Kuopio, Finland.

## Products

Cylinders operate as a part of complex entities and applications. Hydroline produces and designs over 1500 different cylinder models for automotive manufacturing, mining, forest machinery and tractor, hoisting and transfer, and earthworks industries. Each cylinder model is custom-tailored to meet each customer's specifications.
Hydroline is specialized in design and manufacturing of hydraulic cylinders, R&D services and testing.

## History

The company was founded in 1962 in a basement in Kuopio, Finland. First cylinders were manufactured already in 1960s. After several years of steady expansion, the company headquarters moved to its current site in the Vuorela Industrial Zone, situated in Eastern Finland.
Hydroline has expanded from a one-man turning shop to an international company. Nine out of ten Hydroline cylinders are delivered to applications destined for the export market. Besides, the company has its own sales office in China. Hydroline Poland sp. z o.o. was established in July 2012.
# Erkki Virtanen

Erkki Alvar Virtanen (born 15 August 1952 in Jämsänkoski) is a Finnish politician and member of Finnish Parliament, representing the Left Alliance. He was elected to the Finnish Parliament in the 2003 election.
# Odile Eisenstein

Odile Eisenstein ForMemRS is a theoretical chemist who specializes in modelling the structure and reactivity of transition metals and lanthanide complexes. She is currently the equivalent of an Emeritus Professor at the Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, équipe CTMM at Montpellier 2 University and a professor at the Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences at the University of Oslo. She has been a member of the French Academy of Sciences since 2013, as the first female elect. In 2018 she was awarded the «insignes d'officier dans l’ordre de la Légion d'honneur» at the Institut de France in Paris.

## Education

In 1977, Odile Eisenstein attended University of Paris-Sud where she earned a Ph.D in chemistry with Nguyen Trong Anh and Lionel Salem. She obtained postdoctoral appointments with Jack D. Dunitz at ETH Zurich and Roald Hoffmann at Cornell University. Here, she did work on the nature of transition metal-olefin bonding interactions. She began her independent career at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1982.
# Gordon Cochrane (RNZAF officer)

Alfred William "Gordon" Cochrane, DSO, DFC & Two Bars (10 October 1916 – 29 October 1994) was an officer of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during the Second World War. He is one of only four New Zealand-born airmen to receive two medal bars to his Distinguished Flying Cross.

## Career

Cochrane was born on 10 October 1916 in Rawene, a remote settlement in the Northland Region of New Zealand. After leaving school, he worked in his uncle's general store before enlisting in the Royal New Zealand Air Force in September 1940. By November 1941, he was flying Wellington bombers with No. 156 Squadron RAF and would complete 33 operations including the three thousand-bomber raids of Cologne. In August 1942, Cochrane was awarded an end-of-tour Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC).
After attending an instructors' school, Cochrane spent the next 18 months teaching others how to fly multi-engined aircraft and was then posted to No. 156 Squadron RAF, beginning operations again in June 1944. Over the next 11 months he flew two tours for a total of 55 operations on Lancasters and was frequently the master bomber, directing the markers and main force as he circled the target.
At the end of his second tour in late 1944, Cochrane was awarded the Distinguished Service Order, for displaying the highest standard of skill and courage, involving attacks on a wide range of enemy targets and throughout has displayed outstanding determination and devotion to duty. In early 1945, Cochrane was awarded a Bar to his DFC following a daylight raid over Düsseldorf. He was over the target for seven minutes before the main stream arrived and was hit by flak. A lump of iron burst through the nose of the aircraft and ricocheted around the interior causing damage. Despite this, Cochrane continued to direct the attacking bombers for a further seven minutes before turning for home. His citation read in part that Cochrane was a cool and courageous captain and pilot, whose fine qualities of leadership and determination have been well instilled in many operations against the enemy.
A second bar to Cochrane's DFC was won in even more stressful circumstances. On the night of 7/8 February 1945, he controlled the bombing of two fortified towns standing in the path of British troops massing to cross the German frontier. Soon after reaching the target, the port wing of the aircraft sustained severe damage and part of it fell off. The citation stated that; "Undeterred, Squadron Leader Cochrane, with superb airmanship and courage, continued with his task".
Cochrane ended the war as an acclaimed pathfinder captain, with three tours and 88 operations behind him. He was one among the most highly decorated New Zealander bomber pilots. After the war Cochrane remained in Britain, joining BOAC, the forerunner of British Airways. Cochrane flew Yorks, Hermes, Stratocruisers and Comets before becoming a Boeing 707 captain in 1964. He retired at the end of 1971 as a senior captain with 25 years service. Cochrane died in Wimborne Minster, England in 1994 aged 78.
# Shunde OCT Harbour PLUS station

Shunde OCT Harbour PLUS station (simplified Chinese: 顺德欢乐海岸站; traditional Chinese: 順德歡樂海岸站; pinyin: Shùndé Huānlè Hǎiàn Zhàn; Jyutping: Seon$^6$dak$^1$ Fun$^1$lok$^6$ Hoi$^2$ngon$^6$ Zaam$^6$) is a station on Line 3 of Foshan Metro, located in Foshan's Shunde District. It opened on December 28, 2022.

## Station theme

This station is one of the featured stations of the initial section of Line 3, and the design theme is "Colorful Time". The station presents the joyful atmosphere of a themed amusement park by extracting the cultural and colorful elements of the surrounding attractions and the curved elements of the coastline.

## Station layout

The station has an island platform under Huanhu Road.
| G | - | Exits A-D |
| L1 Concourse | Lobby | Ticket Machines, Customer Service, Shops, Police Station, Safety Facilities |
| L2 Platforms | Platform 1 | 3 towards Zhongshan Park (Shunde No.1 High School) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| L2 Platforms | Platform 2 | 3 towards Shunde College Railway Station (terminus) |

## Exits

| Exit letter | Exit letter | Exit location |
| A | A | Huanle Boulevard, OCT Happy Coast PLUS |
| B | B | Huanle Boulevard, Yucheng Primary School Huanhu Campus |
| C | C | Huanle Boulevard |
| D | D | Huanle Boulevard, OCT Happy Coast PLUS |
# Shallow Bay (Newfoundland and Labrador)

Shallow Bay is a natural bay near Pistolet Bay, Great Northern Peninsula, off the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
# Tower of San Martino della Battaglia

The Tower of San Martino della Battaglia is a monumental building erected in 1878, to commemorate the Battle of San Martino, a portion of the Battle of Solferino in 1859, located near San Martino, province of Brescia, region of Lombardy, Italy.
The 74 meter high tower was constructed in the form of a Neo-Gothic turret, atop the hill of San Martino. Nearby is an Ossuary that collected the bodies of soldiers who died in the battle there between the Austrian and the Piedmontese army. The larger engagement, which also included French troops, led to the cession of Lombardy to the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont). The Battle of Solferino took place near the villages of Solferino and San Martino della Battaglia in Lombardy, south of Lake Garda between Milan and Verona. The adjoint Battle of San Martino was fought north from Solferino, near the lakeshore, between San Martino and Pozzolengo villages.
The architect was Giacomo Frizzoni of Bergamo, and engineers were Luigi Fattori of Solferino, Antonio Monterumici of Treviso, and Ducati Cavalieri of Bologna. At the hall at the base is a bronze statue of Vittorio Emanuele II sculpted by Antonio Dal Zotto. The walls have large frescoes by Vittorio Bressanin of Venice, but also Vincenzo De Stefani (born in Verona, March 6, 1859), Alberti Giuseppe Vizzotto of Oderzo, and Raffaello Pontremoli, with panels depicting events surrounding the battle. The tower can be ascended by a spiraling ramp. At the top of the tower there is a lookout panel highlighting important towns that can be viewed from that vantage point.
The architecture seems to have been influenced by the Neoclassic marble tower built in the Cemetery of Brescia in 1815 by the architect Rodolfo Vantini; however, this monument in hewn stone projects a rustic gothic castle appearance.

## Sources

* City of Desenzano del Garda, website on tower.
* Società Solferino e San Martino.
* ↑ Garollo, Gottardo (1907). Ulrico Hoepli (ed.). Dizionario biografico universale. Editore Libraio della Real Casa, Milan. p. 677.
# List of Cardiff City F.C. captains

51°28′22″N 3°12′11″W﻿ / ﻿51.472838°N 3.203092°W﻿ / 51.472838; -3.203092
This is a list of Cardiff City Football Club's captains, from 1910, when the club appointed their first captain.
| Years | Nat. | Name | Notes |
| 1910–1911 | Scotland | Davy McDougall | Player-Manager, first club captain |
| No competitive football took place between 1914 and 1918 due to World War I. ||||
| 1920–1922 | England | Charlie Brittan | First captain in The Football League |
| 1922–1931 | Wales | Fred Keenor | 1927 FA Cup winning captain |
| 1934–1938 | Wales | Arthur Granville | |
| No competitive football took place between 1939 and 1945 due to World War II. ||||
| 1946–1949 | Wales | Fred Stansfield | Third Division South winning captain |
| 1951–1956 | Wales | Alf Sherwood | |
| 1959–1960 | Scotland | Danny Malloy | |
| 1961–1962 | Wales | Alan Harrington | |
| 1964–1967 | England | Gareth Williams | |
| 1967–1974 | Scotland | Don Murray | |
| 1974 | England | Clive Charles | |
| 1974–1975 | Wales | Phil Dwyer | |
| 1975–1976 | Wales | Mike England | |
| 1976–1977 | Wales | Richie Morgan | Team captain was Doug Livermore. |
| 1977–1980 | Wales | Phil Dwyer | |
| 1982–1986 | England | Jimmy Mullen | |
| 1985–1986 | Scotland | Jake King | |
| 1987–1988 | Wales | Terry Boyle | |
| 1989–1990 | England | Roger Gibbins | |
| 1991–1993 | Northern Ireland | Paul Ramsey | Third Division winning captain |
| 1993–1997 | Wales | Jason Perry | |
| 1997–1998 | England | Dave Penney | Lee Jarman was captain whilst Penney was absent. |
| 1998–2001 | England | Kevin Nugent | |
| 2001–2005 | Republic of Ireland | Graham Kavanagh | |
| 2005–2009 | England | Darren Purse | Vice-captain was Stephen McPhail, Joe Ledley team captain (2008–09) |
| 2009–2014 | England | Mark Hudson | Championship winning captain Jay Bothroyd was appointed team captain (2009–10) due to long-term injury, 2010–11 team captain was Craig Bellamy |
| 2014–2016 | Scotland | David Marshall | |
| 2016–2022 | England | Sean Morrison | |
| 2022– | England | Joe Ralls | |
# Public law (disambiguation)

Public law is the area of law concerned with relationship between the state and the citizen.
Public Law may also refer to:
* Public Law (journal), an academic law journal
* Public Law (United States), an Act of Congress affecting the general public
** Public bill, a United States government bill which proposes a public law
* The Public Law Project, an independent, national legal charity in Great Britain
* Public international law, law that concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states