OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Panther Valley, New Jersey

Panther Valley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Allamuchy Township, in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 3,327.
As of the 2000 United States census, Panther Valley was part of the Allamuchy-Panther Valley CDP, which had a 2000 Census population of 3,125. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP was split into Allamuchy CDP (with a 2010 Census population of 78) and Panther Valley.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Panther Valley had a total area of 2.978 square miles (7.713 km$^2$), including 2.964 square miles (7.676 km$^2$) of land and 0.014 square miles (0.037 km$^2$) of water (0.48%).

## Demographics
### 2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 3,327 people, 1,604 households, and 934 families in the CDP. The population density was 1,122.6 per square mile (433.4/km$^2$). There were 1,710 housing units at an average density of 577.0 per square mile (222.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup was 92.64% (3,082) White, 1.98% (66) Black or African American, 0.09% (3) Native American, 3.10% (103) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.48% (16) from other races, and 1.71% (57) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.42% (147) of the population.
Of the 1,604 households, 20.0% had children under the age of 18; 46.7% were married couples living together; 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 41.8% were non-families. Of all households, 34.9% were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.69.
16.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 32.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 86.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 81.7 males.

## Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Panther Valley include:
* Ada Lunardoni (1911–2003), artistic gymnast who competed in the gymnastics competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics
# Sarah Richards

Sarah Richards (born 28 September 1968) is a South African sculptor working in bronze.
From 1985 to 1990 she studied fine art at the Durban Technikon, where she majored in sculpture. During the next four years she travelled overseas to gain experience and insight. She then returned to Durban to both create art and teach art. She completed her master's degree in fine art (cum laude) at the Durban University of Technology in 2008. Richards lives and practises art in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands of South Africa.
Richards has been creating bronze sculptures for the past 20 years. Her sculptures show attention to detail and give an impression of movement and animation. In creating a sculpture she uses a mixture of media, including wax and plasticine, which allows fluidity and detail. She uses rough Rhinolite for texture and structure. Her solo exhibitions include two at ArtSPACE in Durban. Group exhibitions include those at St. Lorient Fashion & Art Gallery and Cherie de Villiers Gallery in Johannesburg and Foundryman's Choice in Paarl. Her commissions include one of King Nyabela for the National Heritage Project and Fish Eagles for the Nedbank Golf Challenge at Sun City.
# Sandfield

Sandfield may refer to:
* Max M. Sandfield (1903–1994), American architect
* Sandfield, Nova Scotia, Canada
* Sandfield, Ontario, Canada
* Sandfield Road, Headington, Oxford, England
# Tucson Extreme

The Tucson Extreme were an American professional indoor soccer team founded in 2012 with the intention of joining the Professional Arena Soccer League.
The Tucson Extreme was originally scheduled to begin play as a Southwestern Division team in the 2012–13 PASL season with home games at the Tucson Convention Center and Randy Soderman as head coach. They scheduled tryouts and advertised ticket sales but, in September 2012, delayed their launch by one year. The Extreme were then scheduled to play starting in the 2013–14 season but disbanded in early 2013.
# VA83

VA-83 has the following meanings:
* Attack Squadron 83 (U.S. Navy)
* State Route 83 (Virginia)
# Richard Rich (Sheriff of London)

Richard Rich (died 1463–4) was a London mercer (dealer in textiles), and Sheriff of that city in 1441.

## Early life

Rich was the son of Richard Rich of London, esquire, who died in 1447-8 seised of lands in Springfield, Little Waltham, Great Leighs, Terling and Boreham in Essex.

## Marriage and issue

Rich married a wife named Catherine, whose surname is unknown. Some say she was called Catherine Cutlery, and to have lived 1407–1448, but some also say that was the name of Rich's mother.
By Catherine he had two sons and three daughters:
* John Rich (d. 29 July 1458), buried in the Mercers' Chapel in London, who married a wife named Isabel, and predeceased his father, leaving a son, Thomas Rich, who married Margaret Shaa, the daughter of Sir Edmund Shaa, Lord Mayor of London, by whom he had a son, Thomas Rich (d. 3 March 1531), esquire, of South Weald, Essex.
* Thomas Rich, who married Elizabeth Croke (d.1479), the daughter of John Croke, alderman of London. In his will, dated 2 July 1471 and proved 17 October 1475, he left £20 towards the marriage of his nephew, Thomas Rich, 'son of John Rich, sometimes my brother'. After the death of Thomas Rich, Elizabeth Croke married secondly John Fenne (d. 3 September 1474), and thirdly, in 1475, Sir William Stonor (d. 21 May 1494).
* Katherine Rich, who married William Marrow or Marowe (1410-1464), Lord Mayor of London in 1455, by whom she had three sons, William, John and Thomas, and three daughters.
* Isabel Rich, who married Sir Thomas Urswick (d. 19 March 1479). They had four sons, all of whom predeceased Sir Thomas, and eight daughters, only five of whom, Katherine, who married Henry Langley, Anne, who married John Doreward, Elizabeth, Jane and Mary, survived to be their father's heirs.
* Margaret Rich, who married John Walden (1410-1464), alderman and grocer of London. She is mentioned in the will of her brother, Thomas Rich.

## Death

Rich died 1463-4 and was buried in the church of St Lawrence Jewry, London.
His will, dated 20 April 1463 and proved 16 August 1464, shows that he died possessed of large estates in Middlesex and Hertfordshire, and was wealthy enough to found five almshouses in Broxbourne, Hertfordshire.
# Songhwa County

Songhwa County is a county in South Hwanghae province, North Korea.

## Administrative divisions

Songhwa county is divided into 1 ŭp (town) and 10 ri (villages):
* Songhwa-ŭp(송화읍,松禾邑)
* Hŭngam-ri(홍암리,鴻岩里)
* Kutal-li(구탄리)
* Kwanyang-ri(관양리)
* Myŏngrye-ri(명례리)
* Onch'ŏl-li(온천리)
* Ryongho-ri(룡호리)
* Sujung-ri(수증리)
* Taam-ri(다암리)
* Wŏndang-ri(원당리)
* Yaksal-li(약산리)

## History

The area was called Kuŭlhyŏn (仇乙縣) or Kulch'ŏn (屈遷) in the Koguryŏ era. It became part of Songhwa County in 1895, and in March 1909, Songhwa County was merged with P'ungch'ŏn County. Songhwa county was recreated in the 1952 reorganisation of North Korea's administrative divisions. The northwestern section of the county was split off in 1967 to create Kwail county.

## Transportation

Songhwa county is served by the Changyŏn and Ŭllyul lines of the Korean State Railway.
# Smith & Wesson Elite Series

The Smith & Wesson Elite Series are break-open shotguns offered by Smith & Wesson circa 2007 to 2010. The shotguns were manufactured at a Smith & Wesson facility in Turkey.

## History

In November 2006, Smith & Wesson announced that it would re-enter the shotgun market with two new lines of shotguns, the Elite Series and the semi-automatic 1000 Series, unveiled at the 2007 SHOT Show. Both series were manufactured in Turkey.
The Elite Series was offered in two variants:
* Elite Gold – 20-gauge, side-by-side, barrel lengths 26 or 28 in (66 or 71 cm)
* Elite Silver – 12-gauge, over-and-under, barrel lengths 26, 28, or 30 in (66, 71, or 76 cm)
Smith & Wesson offered the Elite Series with an "Heirloom Warranty" program, a first of its kind in the firearms industry. The warranty provides both the original buyer and the buyer's chosen heir with a lifetime warranty on all Elite Series shotguns.
The 26-inch Silver offering was discontinued in 2008. The entire Elite Series was discontinued by mid-2010.
# Isfjordosaurus

Isfjordosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyopterygian marine reptile that lived during the Early Triassic. Fossils have been found on the island of Spitsbergen, part of the Svalbard archipelago off the northern coast of Norway. It was formally described by Ryosuke Motani in 1999 and contains the species Isfjordosaurus minor.
# List of supermarket chains in Switzerland

This is a list of supermarket chains in Switzerland.
| Supermarket | Founded/Came to Switzerland | Owned by | Information |
| Aldi | 2005 | Aldi | |
| Coop | 1893 | Coop | Second largest |
| Crai | 1973 | Crai | Only in Ticino |
| Denner | 1881 | Federation of Migros Cooperatives (since 2007) | Third largest |
| Lidl | 2009 | Lidl | |
| Manor | 1902 | Maus Frères SA | |
| Migros | 1925 | Federation of Migros Cooperatives | Largest |
| Spar | 1989 | Spar | |
| Volg | 1886 | Volg | |
# Parametrium

The parametrium is the fibrous and fatty connective tissue that surrounds the uterus. This tissue separates the supravaginal portion of the cervix from the bladder. The parametrium lies in front of the cervix and extends laterally between the layers of the broad ligaments. It connects the uterus to other tissues in the pelvis. It is different from the perimetrium, which is the outermost layer of the uterus.
The uterine artery and ovarian ligament are located in the parametrium.
An associated form of pelvic inflammatory disease is inflammation of the parametrium known as parametritis.
# Governor of Kastamonu

The governor of Kastamonu (Turkish: Kastamonu Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the province of Kastamonu. Similar to the governors of the 80 other provinces of Turkey, the governor of Kastamonu is appointed by the government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Kastamonu. The governor is also the most senior commander of both the Kastamonu provincial police force and the Kastamonu Gendarmerie.

## Appointment

The governor of Kastamonu is appointed by the president of Turkey, who confirms the appointment after recommendation from the Turkish government. The Ministry of the Interior first considers and puts forward possible candidates for approval by the cabinet. The governor of Kastamonu is therefore not a directly elected position and instead functions as the most senior civil servant in the province of Kastamonu.

### Term limits

The governor is not limited by any term limits and does not serve for a set length of time. Instead, the governor serves at the pleasure of the government, which can appoint or reposition the governor whenever it sees fit. Such decisions are again made by the cabinet of Turkey. The governor of Kastamonu, as a civil servant, may not have any close connections or prior experience in Kastamonu Province. It is not unusual for governors to alternate between several different provinces during their bureaucratic career.

## Functions

The governor of Kastamonu has both bureaucratic functions and influence over local government. The main role of the governor is to oversee the implementation of decisions by government ministries, constitutional requirements and legislation passed by Grand National Assembly within the provincial borders. The governor also has the power to reassign, remove or appoint officials a certain number of public offices and has the right to alter the role of certain public institutions if they see fit. governors are also the most senior public official within the province, meaning that they preside over any public ceremonies or provincial celebrations being held due to a national holiday. As the commander of the provincial police and Gendarmerie forces, the governor can also take decisions designed to limit civil disobedience and preserve public order. Although mayors of municipalities and councillors are elected during local elections, the governor has the right to re-organise or to inspect the proceedings of local government despite being an unelected position.
# Puss Pettus

Puss Pettus was a 19th-century American prostitute. She was a successful business owner in Tennessee, best known for running a brothel in Memphis during the American Civil War.

## Biography

Pettus originally worked in Nashville in the Middle Tennessee region of the state, as she was arrested there circa 1855, during regular vice sweeps. The routine was that brothel keepers were arrested at "approximately monthly intervals, fined...according to the number of prostitutes they housed, and then released...This loose system effectively taxed madams according to how many operatives they claimed."
Pettus later relocated to Memphis in West Tennessee. Perhaps one reason that Pettus was often described as "notorious" is that when Memphis brothels were policed, "in the main the keepers of brothels, not the inmates, faced charges of prostitution...Only in rare cases were the brothel operatives arrested." Pettus was arrested many times for operating what the newspapers usually called a bagnio or house of ill repute. Her place was located downtown, near the steamboat landing, close to the slave market and the major hotels. She was down the street from the Gayoso Hotel—specifically, "left down Gayoso Avenue and passing near to where a bridge crossed the bayou Gayoso, stood the brothels of Emma Piquet (or Pickett) and Puss Pettus." In November 1860, Pettus was charged with forging a slave pass, "an offense punishable by time in the penitentiary. Although found not guilty, the charge offers a tantalizing suggestion of cooperation between enslaved people and sex workers".
Days after secessionist Memphis was recaptured by Union troops on June 6, 1862, Nathan Bedford Forrest's Confederate-aligned brother John N. Forrest shot a U.S. Navy master's mate named Theodore Gilmore in a parlor at Pettus' brothel. According to a history of American Civil War-era prostitution, "Less than two weeks after Union troops entered Memphis...Provost Marshal John H. Gould found it necessary to issue a special order stating, 'Lewd women are prohibited from conversing with soldiers while on duty; nor will they be allowed to walk the streets after sunset. Anyone of the class indicated who shall violate this order will be conveyed across the river and will not be allowed to return within the limits of the city.' The same day that newspapers published the order, military police escorted the infamous Puss Pettus across the river." A sense of the general character of Pettus and her work friends is conveyed by a July 1862 newspaper description of the "fast women of Memphis...The Cyprians are often young and comely, and are expensively dressed, though frequently with sober and excellent taste. They are too broad to be bound by political creed or formulas. They are universal."
One of the sex workers in Pettus' employ was named Louisa Fisher; Pettus accused Fisher of theft after Fisher after she said something to the effect of being "$350 ahead of the old cow". Pettus and Fisher's occupations were an open secret but during the court proceedings Pettus fell back on the euphemistic job description "boarding house keeper".
Pettus may have had as many as 11 children.
# John Mason (historian)

John Mason (9 June 1920 – 31 October 2009) was a British historian and academic.

## Life

John Mason was born in Pembrokeshire, west Wales, on 9 June 1920. He studied at Bridgnorth Grammar School in Shropshire, and then at Jesus College, Oxford, where he was a scholar. His university studies were interrupted by the Second World War: he won his scholarship in 1937, but did not obtain his first-class degree in history until 1948. During the war, he served with the Manchester Regiment and then in the Indian Army, reaching the rank of Major and working in the Mechanical Transport Training Centre as well as interpreting Urdu. In 1950, he began his association with Christ Church, Oxford, at which he would spend the remainder of his academic career. His first appointment was as a research lecturer, to deal with the papers of Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury; Salisbury, who was Prime Minister from 1886 to 1892 and 1895 to 1902, studied at Christ Church between 1847 and 1849, and his papers were at that time held by the college. He became a "Student" (the term used by Christ Church for Fellows of the college) in 1957, retiring in 1987, and was also college librarian (succeeding Nowell Myres) from 1962 until his retirement.
His particular field of interest was the Norman Conquest, and one of his articles on Roger of Montgomery (the first Earl of Shrewsbury) and his sons, written in 1963, was described in his obituary in The Times as "indispensable for understanding how the Norman Conquest worked on the ground", particularly in Mason's home county of Shropshire. He also wrote a history of Bridgnorth and co-authored (with E. G. W. Bill) Christ Church and Reform, 1850–1867, looking at the changes in Oxford during the 19th century. Overall, though, he published comparatively little, but was highly regarded as a tutor at the college. He died on 31 October 2009, survived by a daughter from his first marriage (his first wife having died in 1989) and by his second wife.
# VA82

VA-82 has the following meanings:
* Attack Squadron 82 (U.S. Navy)
* State Route 82 (Virginia)
# Richard Rich (disambiguation)

Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich (1496–1567) was Lord Chancellor of England.
Richard Rich may also refer to:
* Richard Rich (filmmaker) (fl. from 1969), an American director, producer, and screenwriter
* Richard Rich (Sheriff of London) (died c. 1464)
* Richard Rich Sr., father of fictional character Richie Rich (Richard $ Rich Jr.)
# John Brennan (Derry Gaelic footballer)

John Brennan (born 22 August 1942) is a Gaelic football manager. Labelled as the 'Godfather' of Derry football, Brennan played for his local club Erin's Own Lavey and at senior level for the Derry county team.
In September 2010, Brennan was appointed as the new Derry manager following Damien Cassidy's departure. In the summer of 2012, Brennan stepped down as manager, being succeeded by Brian McIver.
# Isahara

Isahara is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vangaindrano, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 according to the 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. About 99% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are sugarcane, cassava and sweet potatoes. Additionally, fishing employs 1% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
23°43′S 47°21′E﻿ / ﻿23.717°S 47.350°E﻿ / -23.717; 47.350
* This Atsimo-Atsinanana location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Listing number

In mathematics, a Listing number of a topological space is one of several topological invariants introduced by the 19th-century mathematician Johann Benedict Listing and later given this name by Charles Sanders Peirce. Unlike the later invariants given by Bernhard Riemann, the Listing numbers do not form a complete set of invariants: two different two-dimensional manifolds may have the same Listing numbers as each other.
There are four Listing numbers associated with a space. The smallest Listing number counts the number of connected components of a space, and is thus equivalent to the zeroth Betti number.
# Parametric transformer

The Parametric transformer (or paraformer) is a particular type of transformer. It transfers the power from primary to secondary Windings not by mutual inductance coupling but by a variation of a parameter in its magnetic circuit. First described by Wanlass, et al., 1968.
Assuming Faraday's law of induction,
$v(t)=L{\frac {di(t)}{dt}}$
it is possible to obtain a voltage at the secondary winding terminals also thanks to a variation of the inductance, so that
$v(t)=I{\frac {dl(t)}{dt}}$
This can be accomplished by for example modulating the saturation of the core by means of an applied variable magnetic field. It works even if primary and secondary windings magnetic coupling is zero (when the fluxes are mutually orthogonal) (Burian 1972, p. 278).
# Governor of Karnali Province

The governor of Karnali Province is the nominal head of state of the Karnali Province of Nepal and a representative of the President of Nepal. The governor is appointed by the President for a term of five years. The governor's powers are mostly ceremonial and the executive powers of the governor are exercised by the chief minister of Karnali Province, who is the head of the executive of the state government of Karnali Province.
The incumbent, Yagya Raj Joshi, is serving as the governor of Karnali Province since 1 August 2024.

## List of governors

| No. | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure |
| 1 | Durga Keshar Khanal | 19 January 2019 | 3 November 2019 | 288 days |
| 2 | Govinda Prasad Kalauni | 5 November 2019 | 9 November 2021 | 2 years, 4 days |
| 3 | Tilak Pariyar | 11 November 2021 | 31 July 2024 | 2 years, 235 days |
| 4 | Yagya Raj Joshi | 1 August 2024 | Incumbent | 57 days |

## Selection process

Article 164 of the Constitution of Nepal states that:
* being qualified for being a member of the Federal Parliament,
* having completed the age of thirty five years, and
* not being disqualified by any law.
# FGD3

FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGD3 gene.
# Trollpikken

Trollpikken (the Troll's Dick) is a rock formation in Eigersund municipality, in Norway, between Kjervall and Veshovda. A rock jutting out from a cliff face to a height of almost 12 metres (39 ft) resembles an erect penis. In June 2017, the rock was severed using power tools; it was reattached the following month after a crowdfunding campaign.
The local tourist board was discussing using Trollpikken to draw tourists in a similar manner to Trolltunga (the troll's tongue) and Preikestolen (the preacher's pulpit) by providing parking when on June 24, 2017, joggers discovered that the approximately 10-tonne (9.8-long-ton; 11-short-ton) formation had been severed using power tools. 226,000 kroner was raised online to reattach it using a crane assembled on-site; a contractor told a Norwegian TV station, "We have the Viagra it takes." It was successfully reattached on July 7, using a combination of cement, glue and metal fittings. By late that month, parking and signs had been provided and NRK reported that at least one suspect had been arrested for the vandalism.
Kjetil Bentsen named the rock formation in January 2017; an effort is underway to have it marked on maps. A staff member at the Romsdal Museum indicated that numerous rock formations in Norway have similarly humorous names, although pikk is a relatively new word in the language for the penis. Bentsen and one other have applied to the Norwegian Patent Office for trademark rights to the name.