OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spaghetti sort

Spaghetti sort is a linear-time, analog algorithm for sorting a sequence of items, introduced by A. K. Dewdney in his Scientific American column. This algorithm sorts a sequence of items requiring O(n) stack space in a stable manner. It requires a parallel processor, which is assumed to be able to find the maximum of a sequence of items in O(1) time.

## Algorithm

For simplicity, assume we are sorting a list of natural numbers. The sorting method is illustrated using uncooked rods of spaghetti:
* For each number x in the list, obtain a rod of length x. (One practical way of choosing the unit is to let the largest number m in the list correspond to one full rod of spaghetti. In this case, the full rod equals m spaghetti units. To get a rod of length x, break a rod in two so that one piece is of length x units; discard the other piece.)
* Once you have all your spaghetti rods, take them loosely in your fist and lower them to the table, so that they all stand upright, resting on the table surface. Now, for each rod, lower your other hand from above until it meets with a rod—this one is clearly the longest. Remove this rod and insert it into the front of the (initially empty) output list (or equivalently, place it in the last unused slot of the output array). Repeat until all rods have been removed.

## Analysis

Preparing the n rods of spaghetti takes linear time. Lowering the rods on the table takes constant time, O(1). This is possible because the hand, the spaghetti rods and the table work as a fully parallel computing device. There are then n rods to remove so, assuming each contact-and-removal operation takes constant time, the worst-case time complexity of the algorithm is O(n).
# Flaca

Flaca may refer to:
* Flaçà, a town in Spain
* Marisol Gonzales, a character in Orange is the New Black, nicknamed "Flaca"
# Selby Times

The Selby Times is a local weekly newspaper covering Selby and the surrounding district in North Yorkshire, England. It is a paid-for title published weekly on Thursdays, and is the sister paper to the Goole Times, with which it shares content and staff.

## History

The Selby Times was first published in 1860 by Mr Bellerby, a printer and publisher. The paper was commended for its 150th anniversary by an Early Day Motion in the House of Commons in 2010.

### Acquisition by Chronicle Publications

In July 2013 Johnston Press announced that they had reached agreement to sell the Selby Times and the Goole Courier, plus the associated websites, to Chronicle Publications Limited. Johnston Press had suffered from strikes in 2011 as a result of plans to reduce the number of job roles in its Yorkshire publications, and the Selby Times circulation figures released in February 2013 showed a reduction of 17.4% year on year to an average weekly figure of 5,765.
Following completion of the acquisition, Chronicle made a number of changes to the Selby Times. These included merging it with the Selby Post, which it had established previously, publishing under the name Selby Times & Post, and moving the publication day back to Wednesday after Johnston Press had amended it from Thursday in 2012.
# Sparaxis

Sparaxis is a genus of flowering plants called the harlequin flowers. It belongs to the iris family Iridaceae with about 13 species endemic to Cape Province, South Africa.
All are perennials that grow during the wet winter season, flower in spring and survive underground as dormant corms over summer. Their conspicuous flowers have six tepals, which in most species are equal in size and shape.
Sparaxis bulbifera has flowers from cream to yellow or purple. Sparaxis grandiflora is a similar but larger plant. In cultivation in the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Sparaxis tricolor has bright red flowers with yellow and black centres. Many named hybrid cultivars were bred from S. bulbifera and S. tricolor.
A group of species with asymmetrical flowers marked in mauve and yellow, including Sparaxis variegata and Sparaxis villosa, was formerly treated as the genus Synnotia.
The genus name is derived from the Greek word sparasso, meaning "to tear", and alludes to the shape of the floral bracts.

## Species

* Sparaxis auriculata Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
* Sparaxis bulbifera (L.) Ker Gawl.
* Sparaxis calcicola Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
* Sparaxis caryophyllacea Goldblatt
* Sparaxis elegans (Sweet) Goldblatt
* Sparaxis fragrans (Jacq.) Ker Gawl.
* Sparaxis galeata Ker Gawl.
* Sparaxis grandiflora (D.Delaroche) Ker Gawl.
** Sparaxis grandiflora subsp. grandiflora (D.Delaroche) Ker Gawl.
** Sparaxis grandiflora subsp. acutiloba Goldblatt
** Sparaxis grandiflora subsp. fimbriata (Lam.) Goldblatt
** Sparaxis grandiflora subsp. violacea (Eckl.) Goldblatt
* Sparaxis maculosa Goldblatt
* Sparaxis metelerkampiae (L.Bolus) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
* Sparaxis parviflora (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt
* Sparaxis pillansii L.Bolus
* Sparaxis roxburghii (Baker) Goldblatt
* Sparaxis tricolor (Schneev.) Ker Gawl.
* Sparaxis variegata (Sweet) Goldblatt
* Sparaxis villosa (Burm.f.) Goldblatt
# Ray Reeve

Ray Reeve (born 1901 - died 1980) was a pioneer sports radio and television broadcaster, working from 1939 through 1973.

## Career

Ray Reeve was a pioneering sports broadcaster who worked for WRAL-AM and FM, the Tobacco Sports Network and WRAL-TV during a career that spanned five decades.
He is best known as the first voice of Atlantic Coast Conference basketball over the Tobacco Sports Network—a radio network formed by Capitol Broadcasting Company in 1948 to carry the region's collegiate games.
Reeve's distinct play-by-play style and raspy voice endeared him to listeners throughout the ACC region. Sports historians credit the early growth of the league in part to Reeve's compelling basketball broadcasts.
As the ACC evolved, Reeve narrowed his broadcasts to NC State athletics. He gained widespread popularity as the voice of Wolfpack basketball and football during the eras of Coaches Everett Case and Earle Edwards.
When WRAL-TV signed on the air in 1956, Reeve was its first sports director and sports anchor – roles he maintained until his retirement in 1973.
During his early years at WRAL-TV Reeve was the original host of All-Star Wrestling, which later became Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling. He hosted the wildly popular shows in the late 50s and early 60s as they were recorded before a live audience in WRAL-TV's Studio A. Reeve later turned the hosting duties over to an up-and-coming WRAL sportscaster–Nick Pond.
In its on-air and print promotion, WRAL-TV referred to Ray Reeve as the “Dean of Sportscasters,” and it turns out his contemporaries agreed. In 1967 Reeve was elected to the NC Sports Hall of Fame—becoming the first broadcaster to be so honored.
Reeve was a graduate of Dartmouth College. He died in 1980. He was long association with Tobacco Sports Network and WRAL-TV. He made radio broadcasts of early ACC games in 1950s carried the league to millions of listeners across the eastern seaboard. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College.

## Awards

Elected into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame in 1967, he was the first broadcaster to receive this honor.
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# Self-contained system (software)

In computing, self-contained system (SCS) is a software architecture approach that focuses on a separation of the functionality into many independent systems, making the complete logical system a collaboration of many smaller software systems.

## Self-contained system characteristics

SCSs have certain characteristics:
* Each SCS is an autonomous web application.
* Each SCS is owned by one team.
* Communication with other SCSs or third-party systems is asynchronous wherever possible.
* An SCS can have an optional service API.
* Each SCS must include data and logic.
* An SCS should make its features usable to end-users by its own UI.
* To avoid tight coupling an SCS should share no business code with other SCSs.
* Shared infrastructure should be reduced to increase availability and decrease coupling.
Implementations create larger systems using this approach – in particular web applications. There are many case studies and further links available.

## Self-contained systems and microservices

While self-contained systems are similar to microservices there are differences: A system will usually contain fewer SCS than microservices. Also microservices can communicate with other microservices – even synchronously. SCS prefer no communication or asynchronous communication. Microservices might also have a separate UI unlike the SCS that include a UI.

## Usage

There are quite a few known usages of SCS – e.g. at Otto, Galeria Kaufhof, and Kühne+Nagel.
# Ratkuria

Ratkuria is a village in Bhopalgarh tehsil, Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India located at 26°32′54″N 73°33′46″E﻿ / ﻿26.54833°N 73.56278°E﻿ / 26.54833; 73.56278. Its PIN code is 342606. It is the location of a Ch. Gullaram Government Senior Secondary School.
# Spatiamentum

A spatiamentum is weekly routine performed by Carthusian monks where they take an extended walk together lasting three or four hours. It is a complement to what is otherwise an extremely solitary life, as the monks mostly live a life of very strict enclosure, with most daily routines are conducted alone and in silence.
During the walk the monks talk freely, walking in pairs and changing partners every half-hour. This means that during a spatiamentum each monk will converse with eight others. This permits a fraternal sharing between the monks. Conversation during the walk is light-hearted and simple. The spatiamentum also provides physical space and exercise. In inclement weather, the walk is postponed to the next day.
The spatiamentum probably became a formal part of Carthusian life around the 12th century, in order to balance solitude with human contact, and provide some relaxation and respite from a strict rule and the focus on spiritual matters.
Dom Le Masson, the 18th-century prior general of the order, wrote, "It is only with the greatest reluctance that I grant leave from the spatiamentum, and then only to the aged. So great, it appears to me, is the utility of this walk for good of both body and soul. More easily and more willingly would I exempt a Carthusian monk from the Night Office, for some days, or from fasts of the Order, than from the spatiamentum."
# First Unitarian Universalist Church of Niagara

First Unitarian Universalist Church of Niagara is a historic church located at Niagara Falls in Niagara County, New York. It was constructed in 1921 in a Classical Revival style. The steel and concrete church is faced with rough, uncut limestone from the bedrock excavated for the building's foundation.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
# First Unitarian Society

First Unitarian Society usually designates a humanist Unitarian/Unitarian Universalist congregation, and may refer to:
* First Unitarian Society, Minneapolis, established 1881, birthplace of religious humanism
* First Unitarian Society in Newton, Massachusetts (1906)
* First Unitarian Society Meetinghouse, Shorewood Hills, Madison, Wisconsin (1951), a National Historic Landmark and NRHP-listed
# Senator Lumpkin

Senator Lumpkin may refer to:
* Alva M. Lumpkin (1886–1941), U.S. Senator from South Carolina in 1941
* Wilson Lumpkin (1783–1870), U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1837 to 1841
# Senator Lowry

Senator Lowry may refer to:
* J. A. W. Lowry (1848–1899), Louisiana State Senate
* Robert Lowry (governor) (1829–1910), Mississippi State Senate
* Sylvanus Lowry (1824–1865), Minnesota State Senate
# Senatore

Senatore is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ambra Senatore (born 1976), Italian choreographer, researcher and educator
* Leonardo Senatore (rugby union) (born 1984), Argentine rugby union player
* Lorenzo Senatore, ICG, AIC (born 1974), Italian cinematographer
* Paola Senatore (born 1949), Italian former film actress
* Pat Senatore (born 1935), American jazz bassist
* Pedro Senatore Ramos (born 1968), Ecuadorian footballer
* Sebastian Senatore (born 1985), Swedish/Uruguayan Soccer player
# Ravenea louvelii

Ravenea louvelii is a species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family. It is a palm endemic to Madagascar, where it is known from a single location. There are fewer than 10 individuals left. They are believed to be in Andasibe-Mantadia National Park on the Western margin of central Madagascar. They are protected by restriction of access to the location.
# Senecio keniophytum

Atop of Mount Kenya Senecio keniophytum is one of the endemic groundsel (Senecio) found at high altitudes in Kenya, such as the Afro-alpine zone of Mount Kenya, but not one of the giant Dendrosenecio that also live there.

## Description

A creeping perennial whose flowering branches stand "tall" at 4 centimetres (1.6 in) to 13 centimetres (5.1 in) in a land where its relatives can be 1.5 metres (5 ft) tall, tough Senecio keniophytum manages to live in the same locales without dominating the landscape.

### Leaves and stems

    A branching plant with tough densely white stems with leaves attached directly to them. Long and oblong leaves are a little less than 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long and 0.5 centimetres (0.20 in) wide with purplish bases. Leave edges have teeth and leaf surfaces have green and white hairs on the upper side and a dense matting of white hair and bald midrib on the lower side.

### Flowers

    The radiate flower heads are solitary sometimes two or three together and stand up and flower stalks cottony with hairs. Bracts about 9 millimetres (0.35 in) to 12 millimetres (0.47 in) long and about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) diameter. A whorl of another set of eight to twelve bracts dark tipped and 5 millimetres (0.20 in) to 9 millimetres (0.35 in) long also with hairs. Twelve to twenty phyllaries also black tipped, 7 millimetres (0.28 in) to 11 millimetres (0.43 in) from densely hairy to no hair at all. Twelve to twenty bright yellow ray florets, tubes 3 millimetres (0.12 in) long, rays 6 millimetres (0.24 in) x 3 millimetres (0.12 in) with four veins. A dull-yellow to brown disc floret, corolla 6 millimetres (0.24 in) long, all hairless and expanding from the middle.

### Fruits and reproduction

    Achenes 3 millimetres (0.12 in) long, ribbed with no hairs. Pappus 5.5 millimetres (0.22 in) long.

### Roots

    A horizontal plant with stems that send shoots above and roots below.

## Distribution

Endemic to Mount Kenya, at altitudes of 3,700 metres (12,100 ft) to 4,500 metres (14,800 ft).
# Sphenella semisphenella

Sphenella semisphenella is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Sphenella of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

South Africa.
# Sensory Deprivation (album)

Sensory Deprivation is the debut studio album of Benestrophe, released in 1994 by Ras Dva Records.

## Reception

Sonic Boom gave Sensory Deprivation a positive review and said "most modern electronic bands tend to use nonsensical lyrics but Benestrophe has a definite issue which it is trying to pass along to it's [sic] listeners and that message is one shared by other artists in this genre; vivisection must be stopped." Industrialnation similarly gave a positive review of the release, calling it "12 tracks of good solid industrial music."

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Richard Mendez, except "Flesh Decay" by Gary Dassing; all music is composed by Dwayne Dassing, Gary Dassing and Richard Mendez

## Personnel

Adapted from the Sensory Deprivation liner notes.
Mentallo & The Fixer
* Dwayne Dassing – programming, recording, engineering, mixing
* Gary Dassing – programming, recording, engineering, mixing, cover art, illustrations
* Richard Mendez – vocals
Production and design
* Ric Laciak – cover art, illustrations
* Chris Spoonts – remastering

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1994 | Ras Dva | CD | 12CD01 |
| United States | 2008 | Ras Dva | DL | |
| Belgium | 2018 | Alfa Matrix | DL | AM3257DJ |
# Flood, British Columbia

Flood is a rural community in the District of Hope, British Columbia, Canada, located west of the town of Hope on the south bank of the Fraser River in the far eastern end of the Fraser Valley region. It is primarily agricultural in nature. Its official name is Floods, though it is usually referred to by its post office name in the singular, Flood.
# Senator Cortlandt

Senator Cortlandt may refer to:
* Philip Van Cortlandt (1749–1831), New York State Senate
* Pierre Van Cortlandt (1721–1814), New York State Senate
# Senator Snow

Senator Snow may refer to:
* John J. Snow Jr. (born 1945), North Carolina State Senate
* Karl N. Snow (born 1930), Utah State Senate
* Leslie Perkins Snow (1862–1934), New Hampshire State Senate
# Florence Eliza Lord

Florence Eliza Lord (1879–1942) was a journalist in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. She is best known for her long-running series of articles on Brisbane's Historic Homes in The Queenslander newspaper. She sometimes published under the pseudonym of Wilga.

## Early life

Florence Eliza Lord was born on 22 July 1879 in Cockatoo, Queensland, the daughter of William Lord, a grazier, and his wife Marianne (née McLean). After the death of her father in 1903, Florence and her mother relocated to Brisbane, where Florence worked as a governess and a lady's companion.

## Journalism

During the 1920s and 1930s, Florence Lord published sketches and articles on history and travel in the Brisbane Courier (later The Courier-Mail) and The Queenslander newspapers.
Florence Lord was a member of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland, the Lyceum Club and the Queensland Town and Country Club. Being socially well-connected, she was able to gain access to many of Brisbane's finest homes to produce her newspaper series on Brisbane's Historical Homes.

## Later life

In the late 1930s she retired to Melbourne and in 1937 was living in Collingwood.
Florence Lord died on 27 June 1942 at a private hospital in Camberwell, Victoria.
# Florence Elfelt Bramhall

Florence Elfelt Bramhall (April 2, 1862 – December 22, 1924) was an American clubwoman and forest conservationist, based in Minnesota. She headed women's club efforts to create the forest preserve that became the Chippewa National Forest.

## Early life

Florence Adelaide Elfelt was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, the daughter of businessman Abram S. Elfelt and Susan Carroll Fryer Elfelt. Her parents were both born in Pennsylvania; her family was Jewish, and her father was a founder and president of the B'nai B'rith Lodge in Saint Paul.

## Career

Bramhall was active in the leadership of the Minnesota Federation of Women's Clubs and president of the Saint Paul Women's Civic League. She worked with the city on building playgrounds, and took a particular interest in forest conservation. In 1901 she spoke before the Minnesota state senate on the subject.
Bramhall and professor Maria Sanford are credited with ensuring the preservation of over 600,000 acres of pine forest in Minnesota, now part of the Chippewa National Forest, the first national forest east of the Mississippi River. In addresses to the State Forestry Association, the State Horticultural Association, and the State Agricultural Association, Bramhall advocated a "forest park" concept, with scientific forestry practices. "It is impossible to think that people can be so blind to their own interests and the interests of the state as to let that magnificent forest be destroyed," she told the St. Paul Globe in 1900.
In 1903 Bramhall declined a nomination for president of the Minnesota Federation of Women's Clubs, preferring not to compete with "even a respectable minority opposition" for the executive post. In 1904, she represented Minnesota state forestry association at a national congress on forestry held in Washington, D.C., when Theodore Roosevelt delivered the address "The Forest in the Life of a Nation."

## Personal life

Elfelt married twice. Her first husband was Bahamas fisheries owner Robert Francis Pyfrom; they married in 1883 and divorced a few years later. Her second husband was lawyer William Bramhall; they married in 1888. She died in 1924, aged 62 years.
# Florence Ellen Hewitt

Florence Ellen Hewitt (1 September 1910, Grahamstown – 20 May 1979, Pretoria) was a South African botanist, algologist and teacher, daughter of John Hewitt, curator of the Albany Museum from 1910 to 1948.

## Life and career

Florence Ellen Hewitt was born on 1 September 1910 in Grahamstown. Her father John Hewitt was a herpetologist, curator of the Albany Museum from 1910 to 1948 and founding member of the South African Museums Association.
Hewitt was educated at Rhodes University graduating as Bachelor and Master of Sciences. She studied under G. F. Papenfuss at Berkeley, California, and published “A morphological study of three South African Gigartinales” in University California Publishing.
From 1931 to 1937, Hewitt taught biology at D.S.G Grahamstown, from 1938 to 1939 – in England. From 1941 until her retirement in 1970, she taught biology and general science at Wynberg Girls’ High School in Cape Town.
In 1956–1957, she participated in educational exchange under the auspices of American private agencies by the year for the Union of South Africa at the University of California, Berkeley. During the educational exchange at the University of California Hewitt conducted a research in techniques employed in study of the comparative morphology of South African seaweeds.
From 1972 to 1977, Hewitt worked as a temporary assistant under Mr. R. H. Simons for the Seaweed Research Unit of the Division of Sea Fisheries, having collected over 100 seaweeds, incorporated in R.H. Simon's collection.
Florence Ellen Hewitt died on 20 May 1979 in Pretoria.

## Works

* 1955 – Studies of Hypnea spicifera. Rhodes University Editor
* 1960 – A Morphological Study of Three South African Gigantinales. Vols. 32-33 from Univ. Of California Berkeley, Calif: publications in botany. Editor Univ. Of California Press, 30 pp
* 1976 – Marine Algae from Southern Africa: 2. Morphology and Taxonomy of Five Foliaceous Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta). Investigational report 110. With RH Simons. Editor Rep. Of South Africa, Dep. Of Industries, Sea Fisheries Branch, 46 pp.

## Taxon names authored

* Callophycus africanus
* Iridaea convoluta