OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne

Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne (26 July 1711, Paris - 27 September 1778, Paris) was a French architect. He was the illegitimate son of Jacques Hardouin-Mansart, comte de Sagonne, by his mistress Madeleine Duguesny - Jacques and Madeleine married in 1726. Jacques junior's elder brother was the architect Jean Mansart de Jouy (1705-1783), whilst he was also the grandson of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, great-great-great nephew of François Mansart and great-nephew of Robert de Cotte.

## Works

* Château d'Asnières
* Schloss Jägersburg
# Elizabeth Alpha-Lavalie

Elizabeth Tygsona Alpha-Lavalie (5 January 1947 – 15 December 2013) was a Sierra Leonean politician. She was a member of the Sierra Leone People's Party and was one of the representatives in the Parliament of Sierra Leone for Bo District, serving as member of parliament from 1996 to 2012.

## Early life and career

Alpha-Lavalie was born on 5 January 1947. Her father was Joseph Emman Henry Tucker, who served as a Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) Member of Parliament for Bo South, and served as deputy speaker of the parliament from 1961 to 1967. Her mother was Vivat Edith Letitia Tucker, who worked as a midwife and farmer. Alpha-Lavalie became active in politics at the age of 20, joining the SLPP and supporting her father. When Siaka Stevens declared a one-party state and assumed the presidency in 1971, the SLPP was driven underground.
Alpha-Lavalie began her career in 1968, in the banking industry. She worked for three years for the Standard Chartered Bank in Sierra Leone, before moving to the United Kingdom where she earned a degree in banking, from the South West London College. In 1975, she returned to Sierra Leone, and was re-employed by Standard Chartered, at the time one of the few professionally trained bankers in the country. In 1987, she moved to the National Development Bank, remaining with them until 1996.

## Political career

Alpha-Lavalie entered politics in 1996, contesting and winning the constituency of Bo South to become a member of the Sierra Leone parliament. She was immediately appointed to office, chairing the Health and Social Services Committee from 1996 to 1997 and the Finance Committee from 1996 to 2002. She was elected as the Deputy Speaker for the parliament in 2001, and in that role she chaired the Public Accounts Committee and also the Defense and Security Committee. She remained deputy speaker until 2007.
She was re-elected as MP in the 2002 and 2007 elections, before standing down as an MP in 2012.

## Personal life and death

Elizabeth Alpha-Lavalie was married to Dr. Alpha Mohamed Lavalie, a political activist who founded the Eastern Region Defence Committee following the 1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état. She died on 15 December 2013, at the age of 66, following a month-long coma.
# Chouani

Chouani is a village on the island of Grande Comore in the Comoros. According to the 1991 census, the village had a population of 1723.
# Isolde Schmitt-Menzel

Isolde Schmitt-Menzel (11 April 1930 – 4 September 2022) was a German designer, author, illustrator, graphist, and ceramist.

## Biography

Schmitt-Menzel studied at the Burg Giebichenstein University of Art and Design in Halle. She wrote books for children as well as methods for practicing ceramics. She co-created the German television show Die Sendung mit der Maus.
Isolde Schmitt-Menzel died in Frankfurt on 4 September 2022 at the age of 92.

## Books

* Mosaik aus Stein, Glas, Holz, Papier (1968)
* Keramik bemalen (1970)
* Ton, geformt, bemalt, gebrannt (1970)
* Zwölf Wünsche für Elisabeth (1985)
* Maus und Bär beim Zahnarzt (1995)
* Maus, erzähl mir was von der Schule (1995)
* Die Maus sagt dir Gute Nacht (1997)
* Die Maus hat Geburtstag (1999)
* Die Maus auf dem Bauernhof (2001)
* Fingerspiele mit der Maus (2003)
# Harvard Educational Review

The Harvard Educational Review is an academic journal of opinion and research dealing with education, associated with the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and published by the Harvard Education Publishing Group. The journal was established in 1930.
Since 1945, editorial decisions have been carried out by an autonomous graduate student editorial board. This student board works together to bring to publication manuscripts on a wide range of topics and from a number of disciplines.

## Alumni

Notable alumni of the Harvard Educational Review include:
* Lisa Delpit, educationalist and MacArthur Fellow
* Eve L. Ewing, sociologist, author, poet, and visual artist
* Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot, educational sociologist and MacArthur Fellow
* Orval Hobart Mowrer, psychologist and former president of the American Psychological Association
* Lauren Resnick, educational psychologist
* Theodore Sizer, educationalist and founder of the Coalition of Essential Schools
* Julian Stanley, psychologist and founder of the Center for Talented Youth
# Robert Emmet (Connor)

Robert Emmet is a bronze statue of Robert Emmet by Jerome Connor. There are four examples: Massachusetts Avenue and 24th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C.; St Stephen's Green, Dublin; Golden Gate Park, San Francisco; Emmetsburg, Iowa.
The San Francisco example was dedicated on July 20, 1919. The Washington example was cast in 1916, and was dedicated on June 28, 1917. It was rededicated on April 22, 1966. The statue was a gift to the Smithsonian Institution on loan to the National Park Service.
The inscription reads: (On right side of bronze base of sculpture:) JEROME CONNOR 1916 (Front of stone base:) Robert Emmet Irish Patriot 1778–1803 "Lidia-saon-eine" (On plaque, back of base:) "I WISHED TO PROCURE FOR MY COUNTRY THE GUARANTEE WHICH WASHINGTON PROCURED FOR AMERICA I HAVE PARTED FROM EVERYTHING THAT WAS DEAR TO ME IN THIS LIFE FOR MY COUNTRY'S CAUSE WHEN MY COUNTRY TAKES HER PLACE AMONG THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH, THEN, AND NOT TILL THEN LET MY EPITAPH BE WRITTEN" Extracts from Emmet's speech from the dock September 19, 1803
# William Marcus West

William Marcus "Mark" West was a Scottish American pioneer who settled in what is now eastern Sonoma County, California, United States.

## Life

West came to the area in 1832, soon after marrying Guadalupe Vasquez, a sister of General Vallejo. At the time, the area belonged to Mexico. In 1840, he acquired the 6,663-acre (26.96 km$^2$) Rancho San Miguel, located north of Santa Rosa Creek. Mark West established a hacienda, post office, and trading post near Mark West Creek.
Maria Francisca Guadalupe Vasquez y Lugo, who was the daughter of Felipe Vasquez y and Nicanor Lugo, married Mark West at the Mission San Carlos Boromeo in 1834. She was the granddaughter of Juan Athanasio Vasquez, who was a soldier in the Anza 1776 Expedition. Her father, Jose Felipe Vasquez y Bojorquez, was grantee of Rancho Chamiscal in 1835

## Legacy

Several geographic features in the area were named after him, including Mark West Creek, Mark West School, and the communities of Mark West and Mark West Springs, California.
# Flerohopp

Flerohopp is a village situated in Nybro Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 209 inhabitants in 2005.
Flerohopp grew up around the ironworks which had been founded in the town in 1725. The name Flerohopp comes from the names of the three founders of the factory: G.W. Fleetwood, G.F. Rothlieb and Caspar Dietrich Hoppenstedt. The ironworks was in use until 1880. In the same buildings the glassworks were established in 1892, which was operational until 1960. Glass was blown for laboratory work and lightbulbs.
# Professionalization and institutionalization of history

Professionalization and institutionalization of history is a term used in historiography to describe the process of professionalization of the historical discipline with historians becoming professionals through process of special education, and genesis of historical institutions they founded.

## Professionalization of history

During the process of the professionalization of history, being a historian became not only an occupation but a profession. Professionalization of history is the process of acquiring the following characteristics of profession for occupation of historian:
* prolonged training in definable body of knowledge,
* a credential system,
* a code of ethics,
* a self-government
* legislated access to particular labour market.
This process results with privileged access to financial and social rewards for its members.

## Institutionalization of history

The term institutionalisation is widely used in social theory to refer to the process of embedding something (for example a concept, a social role, a particular value or mode of behaviour) within an organisation, social system, or society as a whole.
# Sage Brocklebank

Sage Brocklebank (born January 14, 1978) is a Canadian actor best known for his role as Buzz McNab, a long-standing role on the comedy-drama Psych. He also produces movies and writes for theatre and film.

## Career
### Actor

Since 2001 Brocklebank has appeared in over 40 film and television roles, including How I Married My High School Crush, Psych, A Bride for Christmas, Suspension, and Heavenly Match. He has also appeared in Once Upon a Time (a one-time appearance as Gaston), Arrow, Smallville, Alien Trespass, Stargate SG-1, Supernatural, and Level Up.
Brocklebank has also long been involved in theater. He has created, produced, and starred in several plays in Vancouver, including: Felony (Winner Site Specific award Vancouver Fringe Festival 2012), In a Dark Dark House, The Shape of Things and TAPE.

### Producer

Brocklebank started producing films in 2014 and has now produced Suspension (2015), Real Fiction (2016), and Ariel Unraveling (2016).

## Personal life

Brocklebank is also a professional poker player. His parents (Brent and Judy Brocklebank) live in Vancouver, British Columbia.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Other Note |
| 2006 | Stargate SG-1 | Rand Protector | S9 E15: "Ethon" |
| 2006 | Smallville | James | Episode: "Fanatic" |
| 2006–2014 | Psych | Buzz McNab | Recurring role |
| 2007 | How I Married My High School Crush | Brian Porterson | |
| 2009 | Alien Trespass | Stu | |
| 2011 | Once Upon a Time | Gaston | Episode: "Skin Deep" |
| 2012 | Arrow | Security Guard | Episode: "Darkness on the Edge of Town" |
| 2013 | Supernatural | Theo | Episode: "Holy Terror" |
| 2014 | Almost Human | Wilkes | Episode: "You Are Here" |
| 2017 | Psych: The Movie | Buzz McNab | |
| 2017 | Everything, Everything | Astronaut | |
| 2018 | The Flash | Police officer | Episode: "Subject 9" (Uncredited) |
| 2018 | A Series of Unfortunate Events | Doorman | Episodes: "The Ersatz Elevator: Part 1", "The Ersatz Elevator: Part 2" |
| 2018 | The Predator | Transport driver | |
| 2019 | 37-Teen | John | |
| 2020 | Psych 2: Lassie Come Home | Buzz McNab | Television film |
| 2021 | Legends of Tomorrow | Ross Bottini | Episode: "Speakeasy Does It" |
| 2021 | Psych 3: This Is Gus | Buzz McNab | Television film |
| 2022 | Peacemaker | Bodyguard | |
# Ethel Sarel Gepp

Ethel Sarel Gepp, also publishing as Ethel Sarel Barton (21 August 1864 – 6 April 1922), was a phycologist who specialized in the study of marine algae and is noted for her work reordering the genus Halimeda.

## Family

Ethel Sarel Barton was born at Hampton Court Green in England. Around 1872 the family moved to Sussex.
In 1904, she married Antony Gepp (1862-1955), a fellow marine botanist.

## Career

Gepp worked as a specimen collector for the Department of Botany at the British Museum (Natural History) and for Kew Gardens, and she contributed papers to the Journal of Botany, the Journal of the Linnaean Society, and other scientific publications under both her birth and married names. In 1900, she published the first of a number of papers on the macroalgae genus Halimeda, working with a collection of specimens that had been brought back from Funafuti Atoll in the South Pacific. This work convinced her of the need for serious reorganization of the genus, and that same year she was asked by fellow phycologist Anna Weber-van Bosse to work on another Halimeda collection, this one from the Siboga Expedition to the Dutch Indies. This led to her important monograph of 1901, The Genus Halimeda, which reduced the number of Halimeda species to 7 from more than two dozen. A contemporary review praised her thorough work on this genus, which "has been the despair of every phycologist for years".
Her solo-authored publications dropped off after her 1904 marriage, as she began collaborating with her husband. She died in Torquay after a long illness.

## Selected publications
### Solo-authored

* "Systematic and Structural Account of the Genus Turbinaria, Lamx" (1891)
* "On Notheia anomala, Harv. et Bail." (1899)
* The Genus Halimeda (1901)
* "List of Marine Algae, with a Note on the Fructification of Halimeda" (1903)
* "Chinese Marine Algae" (1904)
* "The Sporangia of Halimeda"
* "Antarctic Algae" (1905)

### with Antony Gepp

* "Rhipidosiphon and Callipsygma" (1904)
* "Some Cryptogams from Christmas Island" (1905)
* The Codiaceae of the Siboga Expedition (1911)
* "Marine Algae from the Kermadecs" (1911)
* Marine Algae of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1912)
# Shōnai Station

Shōnai Station (庄内駅) is the name of two train stations in Japan:
* Shōnai Station (Ōita)
* Shōnai Station (Osaka)
# Eucamptognathus betsileus

Eucamptognathus betsileus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Jeannel in 1948.
# Estéron

The Estéron is a river that flows through the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Alpes-Maritimes departments of southeastern France. It is 66.2 km (41.1 mi) long. Its drainage basin is 445 km$^2$ (172 sq mi). Its source is near Soleilhas. It flows generally east, through Roquestéron, and flows into the Var in Saint-Martin-du-Var. The Bouyon and the Rioulan are its tributaries.
# Prometopia

Prometopia is a genus of sap-feeding beetles in the family Nitidulidae. There are about five described species in Prometopia.

## Species

These five species belong to the genus Prometopia:
* Prometopia bidentata Schaeffer, 1909
* Prometopia depilis Scudder, 1877
* Prometopia quadrimaculata Motschulsky, 1863
* Prometopia sexmaculata (Say, 1825)
* Prometopia unidentata Hisamatsu, 1959
# Sage Hen Dam

Sage Hen Dam is an earthfill type dam on Sage Hen Creek, in Gem County, Idaho, United States. Its reservoir is called Sage Hen Reservoir and is located in the West Mountains of Boise National Forest between Boise and McCall. The dam is owned by the Squaw Creek Irrigation Company and does not produce electricity. The reservoir is stocked with rainbow and has a native population of redband trout. It also has recreation facilities that include four campgrounds, a boat ramp, and fishing docks.
# Eter Tataraidze

Eter Tataraidze (IPA:; Georgian: ეთერ თათარაიძე; born 15 March 1956) is a Georgian poet, folklorist and philologist.

## Biography

Eter Tataraidze was born in Zemo Alvani, Akhmeta municipality, Georgia.
She graduated from Tbilisi State University in 1984 as a philologist. 1985–2006 she worked in the Department of Folklore by the Tbilisi State University.
Eter Tataraidze is the author of thirteen books, including six poetic collections.
She writes her poems one of Georgian dialects Tushetian (Tušuri, თუშური); because of this phenomenon Eter Tataraidze's poetry works have a special colour, as in the case of Frédéric Mistral, who wrote in a Provençal.
   "Loyal to her creative principle, Eter Tataraidze writes in the dialect which seems to be the only means of expressing her thoughts, emotions and attitudes. Still, her lyrical language is different from her native Tushuri dialect which abounds in heroic poetry. The poems of the present collection are written in the everyday language which has no analogues in the otherwise rich Tushuri dialect. In this respect it is an untilled soil, a virgin land."
In 2007 she was awarded with a State Order of Honor.
In addition, Tataraidze is a winner of several prizes. Some of his works have been translated into English and Italian.

## Books

* Two, Three, Four (verses), Meridiani publishing, 2018
* It’s Our End!, Tbilisi, Intelecti publishing, 2016
* As the bird chirrups (verses), Tbilisi, Saunje publishing, 2012
* My father took his glory from the Lord God (non-fiction), Tbilisi, 'Erovnuli Mtserloba' publishing, 2008
* 100 Poems, Tbilisi, Intelecti publishing, 2012
* Agato (non-fiction), Tbilisi, Universali publishing, 2009
* Life Has Passed At Me (verses), Tbilisi, Lomisi publishing, 1988
* Horse-shoe of Moon (verses), Tbilisi, Merani publishing, 1988
* Hope Chamomile (verses), Tbilisi, Nakaduli publishing, 1979

## Awards and honors

* Ilia Chavchavadze prize of Georgian-European Institute of Paris for the book - „Graced from God‟ (1990);
* Literary Price Saba for the book „Remember Me With Mercy‟, 2008
* The Golden Wing prize, 2011
* Ilia Chavchavadze prize „Saguramo‟ – for poetry, 2012
* The folklore national prize in 2009.
* For the contribution to the popularisation and advancement of Georgian folklore, she was awarded with Zurab Tsereteli Prize
(2013).
# Saint-Berain-sous-Sanvignes

Saint-Berain-sous-Sanvignes (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Berain under Sanvignes) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Propsteikirche, Leipzig

The Propsteikirche St. Trinitatis (German pronunciation:, Provost Church of the Holy Trinity) in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany, is a Catholic church in the city centre, at the southwestern corner of the Inner City Ring Road, opened in 2015. The parish is part of the deanery of Leipzig in the Diocese of Dresden-Meißen. The official name of the church is Propsteikirche St. Trinitatis Leipzig. It is the largest church built in the new states of Germany since reunification.
This is the third church to have been named Trinitatiskirche in Leipzig. The first was built in the centre in 1847, but was destroyed in World War II. The East German government permitted a new building to be erected, but only in a suburb. An "unremarkable functional building" was designed by the Bauakademie der DDR (‘Building Academy of the German Democratic Republic’) and completed in 1982. It showed severe structural deficiencies after a few years, due to problems with the foundations. The latest church returned the parish to the city centre, close to the location of the first church.
The architects Schulz und Schulz, who won a competition for the new building, were awarded a prize for the "Religious building of the year" at the World Architecture Festival 2016. The building complex is based on a triangle. In the east is the church, with an adjacent chapel and the sacristy. In the west are a large hall for the congregation and parish offices, with living quarters for priests and a guest apartment on an upper floor. A 50 m (164 ft) bell tower marks the western tip of the triangle.
The church window to the north was designed by Falk Haberkorn from Leipzig. It contains texts from the Old Testament and the New Testament, showing different sections depending on the lighting and time of day. The windows were manufactured by the Derix [de] company.

## Literature

* Neue Propsteikirche Leipzig St. Trinitatis. Ein LVZ-Extra zur Weihe. Leipziger Volkszeitung, 9 May 2015.
* Arnold Bartetzky: Die neue Leipziger Propsteikirche St. Trinitatis. in: Sächsische Heimatblätter 61 (2015) 2, pp. 128–132
* Andreas Nentwich: Verzicht auf Grös?. In Sonntag, Baden-Dättwil (Switzerland) 2015, No. 28, p. 17f.
# Shivas v Bank of New Zealand

Shivas v Bank of New Zealand [1990] 2 NZLR 327 is an important case in New Zealand regarding duress.

## Background

Mrs Shivas was a trustee of a family trust established by her husband Mr Shivas. Mr Shivas also ran a separate company involved in selling airplanes. As a result of the company experiencing financial difficulties and being unable to service its debts, the principal creditor, the BNZ, asked for the company to provide extra security, namely for the family trust to give a guarantee over the company's debts as well as grant a mortgage over the Shivas family home.
The trustees, reluctant to give such a guarantee, which included the family home, ultimately gave the guarantee after the BNZ said they would appoint receivers to the company if the guarantee was not given. The trustees had access to independent legal advice at the time.
Unfortunately, these guarantees only delayed the inevitable, as 18 months later, the company was placed into receivership, with the receivers seeking to enforce the trust's guarantee as well as the mortgage over the family home.
The trustees tried to set aside the guarantees on the grounds of duress, even though they had not raised this issue once with the BNZ in the 18 months that had passed since it was signed.
The trustees got an interim injunction in the meantime, preventing the BNZ enforcing the guarantee.

## Decision

The court ruled that the trustees did not have to give the guarantee at the time, as they could alternatively have refused to grant the guarantee. The BNZ's threat of placing the company into receivership was held to not be illegitimate pressure. The judge also noted that the plaintiff did not protest duress at the time of signing, nor during the following two years. As a result, the court held that the trust's guarantee was enforceable.
# Eubischofimyia

Eubischofimyia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Eubischofimyia analis Townsend, 1927

## Distribution

Brazil.
# Sadik Harchaoui

Sadik Harchaoui (born 4 March 1973, in Douar Khababa) is a Moroccan-Dutch legal academic. He and his family came to the Netherlands in 1980 and settled in the city of Apeldoorn. After he received a vwo diploma he went to Utrecht University to study law in 1992. He specialised in criminal law and private law and graduated in 1997 with LLM degree. He thereafter worked as a legal civil servant and became a prosecutor in Zwolle-Lelystad in 2000. Aside from these activities, he worked as a researcher at the Willem Pompe Institute (section Criminology) of UU. He received a PhD degree for his research concerning traditional conflict solving of the Berber people.
Harchaoui is often asked for advice by various governments, non-profit organisations, research institutes and private enterprises. Since 2004 has been chairman of the Board of directors of Forum, the Institute for Multicultural Development. He is also chairman of the Council for Social Development (RMO), an independent organisation which advises the Dutch government on social issues.

## Publications

* Stigma: Marokkaan! Over afstoten en insluiten van een ingebeelde bevolkingsgroep, 2003, edited with Chris Huinder. ISBN 90-5714-131-0
* Eer voor beginners in: Multiculturaliteit in de strafrechtspleging, 2003, with Yücel Yeşilgöz. ISBN 90-5454-301-9
* Hedendaags radicalisme. Verklaring en Aanpak, 2006, FORUM, edited by Harchaoui. ISBN 978-90-5589-277-8
# Saint-Seine-sur-Vingeanne

Saint-Seine-sur-Vingeanne (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Seine on Vingeanne) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
The Vingeanne river runs through the commune.