OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tyman Arentsz. Cracht

Tyman Arentsz Cracht alias Botterkul (between 1590 and 1600, Wormer – 1646 The Hague) was a Dutch painter who specialized in landscapes and history paintings.

## Life

Nothing is known about his training. He traveled to Rome in 1620 or 1621. He was one of the founding members of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Cracht was given the bent name ‘Botterkull’ or ‘Botterkul’, which may be a reference to the Dutch sweet called ‘Boterbal’ (butter or cream ball).
His portrait appears on one of the sheets with portraits of Bentvueghels, which are now in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam. Cracht is depicted with the following members of the Bentveughels: Joost from The Hague, Cornelis van Poelenburch, Wouter Crabeth II and Peter from Leiden. Cracht himself is referred to in the sheets as 'Tyman (Cracht) van den Emster alias Botterkull'. The expression 'van den Emster' indicates a person from the Dutch province of Drenthe. This is difficult to square with Cracht having been born in Wormer, in the province of North Holland. Cracht did have a brother-in-low who lived in Wormer. Cracht was a close friend of David de Haen, another member of the Bentvueghels.
In 1626 Cracht joined the fraternity of the Collegio Teutonico. Along with the painter Cornelis Schut he worked from 13 January 1627 for Giorgio Pescatori (aka Pieter de Vischere), an Italian banker and patron of Flemish origin and painted frescoes in his villa in Frascati, the so-called 'Casino Pescatore’.
Cracht was in Rome until 1631, the year in which he traveled to The Hague, where he became a member of the local Guild of Saint Luke. He was head ('Hoofdman') of the Guild from 1634 to 1636 and in 1640. In 1636, Abraham van Beijeren was Cracht's pupil in The Hague. Cracht worked in 1638 at Huis Honselaarsdijk for stadtholder Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. In 1642, he was enrolled as a member of the militia ('Schutterij') of the Hague. On May 9, 1646, his estate was auctioned off in The Hague.

## Work

Cracht was known for his landscapes and history paintings but he also painted portraits. He was influenced by Caravaggio.
# Lucky Office

Lucky Office (born 1976) is a Zimbabwean sculptor.
A native of the Hurungwe District, Office began sculpting at age 19 after meeting Moses Masaya. The two men worked together for two years before Office struck out on his own. Many of his subjects are drawn from family experiences, particularly tragedies and the emotions he has felt during difficult situations.
His works have been exhibited in galleries in Harare, but also internationally in countries such as the United States, the UK, Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. One of his notable works is the sculpture “ Serious Thoughts ”, an anvil shaped sculpture with a face measuring 50 inches by 9 inches.
# Radio opera

Radio opera (German: 'Funkoper' or 'Radiooper') is a genre of opera. It refers to operas which were specifically composed to be performed on the radio and is not to be confused with broadcasts of operas which were originally written for the stage. Radio operas were generally shorter than staged operas and some occupied less than fifteen minutes. Plots were usually more straightforward than those of stage operas.
The earliest radio operas were broadcast in the 1920s and followed earlier broadcasts of plays with incidental music. The first radio opera seems to have been The Red Pen, composed by Geoffrey Toye to a libretto by A. P. Herbert. It was originally aired by the British Broadcasting Corporation on March 24, 1925. Germany followed with Gustav Kneip's Christmas opera for children, Christkinds Erdenreise (The Christ-child's journey on Earth), 24 December 1929, and Walter Goehr's Malpopita in May 1931.
The 1930s proved to be the high-point of radio opera, with at least twelve productions composed by German, American, Czech, Swiss and French composers. The genre declined after World War II, perhaps with the advent of television, although composers such as Dallapiccola, Pizzetti, Rota, Henze, Zimmermann, Maderna and Rasmussen continued to compose for the radio, as do 21st-century composers such as the Estonian Jüri Reinvere, Amy Kohn in America and Robert Saxton in Britain.
# Thomas de Boues

Thomas de Boues was Archdeacon of Totnes during 1215.
# Rugby League European Championship D

European Championship D is the fourth tier of the rugby league European Championships and was founded in 2020.

## Team appearances

| Team | Appearances | Debut | Most recent | Best result |
| Czech Republic | 1 | 2021 | 2021 | Runners-up (2021) |
| Malta | 1 | 2021 | 2021 | Fourth place (2021) |
| Netherlands | 1 | 2021 | 2021 | Champions (2021) |
| Turkey | 1 | 2021 | 2021 | Third place (2021) |

## Results

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Fourth place | Number of teams |
| 2021 Details | Netherlands | Czech Republic | Turkey | Malta | 4 |

## Summary

| Team | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Fourth place |
| Netherlands | 1 (2021) | — | — | — |
| Czech Republic | — | 1 (2021) | — | — |
| Turkey | — | — | 1 (2021) | — |
| Malta | — | — | — | 1 (2021) |
# Joseph Braat

Joseph J.M. Braat (born 5 November 1946) is a Dutch optics engineer and scientist. Between 1973 and 1998 he worked at Philips Research Laboratories. He was professor of optics at Delft University of Technology between 1998 and 2008.

## Career

Braat was born in Breda on 5 November 1946. He studied physics at Delft University of Technology. After his graduation he moved to France to work at the coherent optics group of Serge Lowenthal at the Institut d'Optique in Orsay. His PhD thesis was on holography using spatially incoherent light. In 1973 Braat returned to the Netherlands to work at Philips Research Laboratories. There he contributed to early research on optical disc systems. During this period he developed a theory together with Harold Hopkins and Gijs Bouwhuis on the read-out of optical discs through diffraction of light by the information carrying disc structure. He also contributed to the design of light paths for optical disc systems. At Philips Research Laboratories Braat contributed to lens and system design for early photolithographic systems by Philips and ASML.
In 1988 Braat became a part-time professor of geometrical optics at Delft University of Technology. In 1998 he became a full professor of optics. During this time he performed research on extreme ultraviolet lithography, optical aperture synthesis for astronomy, high density optical recording, Extended Nijboer-Zernike theory and Terahertz imaging. In 1991 Braat was one of the founders of the European Optical Society. From 2004 to 2006 he served as its President. Braat retired as professor in 2008.
In 1994 Braat won the Edward Longstreth Medal for Computer and Cognitive Science of the Franklin Institute for "contributions to optical data recording and design of aspherical objective lenses for read-out systems of optical storage". Braat was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001. He became a Fellow of the European Optical Society in 2012. In 2019 he received the Holst Memorial Lecture Award from Eindhoven University of Technology.
Braat has received 60 US patents.
# People's Hall, Tripoli

The People's Hall was a large government building in Tripoli, Libya, constructed in the 1970s/80s. It was the meeting place of the Libyan General People's Congress. It was normally closed to the general public.
The People's Hall was burned by demonstrators on 21 February 2011, during the First Libyan Civil War. It was reignited and burned out, amongst the other fires at Tripoli police stations, the justice ministry at Martyrs' Square, and the Shaabia headquarters, on 22 February 2011.
The hall was taken over by militia commander Haithem Tajouri of the Tripoli Revolutionaries Brigade in March 2016. It was subsequently abandoned and used by gangs as a drink and drugs den. It has been set on fire several times including on 13 April 2017.
# Guiuanon Island

Guiuanon Island (or Guiwanon Island) is an island barangay located beside Panubulon Island southeast of Nueva Valencia, Guimaras in the Philippines. The island was affected by an oil spill on August 11, 2006.
# Lorenzo Muelas

Lorenzo Muelas Hurtado (born July 9, 1938) is a Guambiano activist and politician in Colombia. Muelas was one of the indigenous leaders who participated in the Constituent Assembly of Colombia in 1991. He was a member of the Senate of Colombia from 1994 to 1998.

## Biography

Muelas was born on July 9, 1938, in Silvia, Cauca, Colombia. Muelas was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Colombia in 1991 and was a co-founder of the Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca organization. He also co-founded the Indigenous Authorities of Colombia (AICO) political party. According to a report by The New York Times, Muelas "escaped three assassination attempts since he left a local landowner's debt peonage system 35 years ago".
In 1994, Muelas was elected to the Senate of Colombia with 270,000 votes in his favor, and served in the body until 1998. In 2006, Muelas was elected Governor of Guambia, the highest position in his community. Muelas is the author of La fuerza de la gente: juntado recuerdos sobre la terrajería en Guambía, Colombia, which chronicled his experience as an indigenous activist. In a 2007 interview with Indian Country Today, Muelas criticized the United States over the Plan Colombia doctrine.
# Two of a Kind (Ray Drummond and John Hicks album)

Two of a Kind is an album by American jazz pianist John Hicks and bassist Ray Drummond recorded in 1986 and 1987 and released on the Theresa label. The 1992 Evidence CD reissue added three bonus tracks.

## Reception

Allmusic awarded the album 3 stars stating "They were a true duo, each player conscious of the other but able to make his own way".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |

## Track listing

* "I'll Be Around" (Alec Wilder) - 4:41
* "Take the Coltrane" (Duke Ellington) - 4:42
* "Very Early" (Bill Evans) - 7:31
* "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You" (Ned Washington, George Bassman) - 7:03
* "For Heaven's Sake" (Elise Bretton, Sherman Edwards, Donald Meyer) - 6:07
* "Come Rain or Come Shine" (Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer) - 5:14
* "A Rose Without a Thorn" (Abdul Salim) - 7:33
* "Without a Song" (Edward Eliscu, Billy Rose, Vincent Youmans) - 6:08
* "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square" (Eric Maschwitz, Manning Sherwin) - 4:29
* "Parisian Thoroughfare" (Bud Powell) - 3:00
* "Springtime Fantasy" (John Hicks) - 3:57

## Personnel

* John Hicks - piano
* Ray Drummond - bass
# RadioJoyAlukkas.com

RadioJoyAlukkas.com is an internet radio website in Malayalam language, operated by the Joy Alukkas group. The website started functioning from November 6, 2007.
The radio has 24/7 entertainment, live breaking news times, interviews with celebrities, shows anchored by film and television stars besides comedy shows hosted by Comedians. Good Morning Kerala open the day's proceedings followed by news time. 'Hello Joy Alukkas' is the popular program in the channel anchored by Asha Latha and Balakrishnan. It is one of the front line internet radio in Malayalam. The radio brings songs in Tamil and Hindi as well.
The RadioJoyAlukkas operates its service from Dubai Media City. It is registered under Joyalukkas, Dubai, a company dealing in the wholesale and retail marketing of Diamonds and Gold.
# Thomas Parker (engineer)

Thomas Parker (11 July 1829 – 25 November 1903) was Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Superintendent of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway from 1886–1893. He introduced a new type of locomotive in Britain, which used a Belpaire firebox.

## Life

Parker was born in Ayrshire in 1829, and began his career as an apprentice at the Greenock works of the Caledonian Railway.
In 1858 he moved away from Scotland. At the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway he was Carriage and Wagon Superintendent at the railway's Gorton works. He was one of the first to construct 6-wheeled bogie coaches, and in 1885 he produced one of the first dining car designs in Britain.
In 1886, he replaced Charles Reboul Sacre as locomotive, wagon and carriage superintendent.
In 1891 he introduced the first locomotive on a British railway to use a Belpaire firebox, which had been used on export locomotives built by the local manufacturer Beyer Peacock since 1872. The continuous vacuum brake and internal communication cord were introduced by the railway, gaining Board of Trade approval in 1893.
Parker retired in 1893 and was succeeded by Harry Pollitt. He died in Gorton in 1903.

## Sources

* LNER Encyclopedia (see below)
# Spirotropis tmeta

Spirotropis tmeta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

(Original description) The incomplete shell of the holotype consists of a mere fragment of two whorls, but with very marked features. It is evidently high and narrow, with short and numerous whorls, which are sharply but broadly angulated very much above the middle. The shoulder above the angulation is scored by very many sharp curved threads, the scars of the old sinus. The rise of these forms a collar below the suture, which is thus distinct. The angulation is raised into a keel by rounded tubercles, which are the origin of narrow, curved, very oblique ribs, of which there are twelve on the body whorl. They extend to the base, but not to the snout, which is very small and short. The whole surface is closely scored by fine, rounded, spiral threads. The sinus of the outer lip is separated from the body by a narrow shelf, and is shallow, rounded, and open on the under side, where the convex shoulder of the lip lies very low. The narrow inner lip has a small pad above, is rather oblique and concave in the middle. The front of the columella is very slightly truncated obliquely, and has a sharply rounded and hardly twisted edge. The aperture is long, narrow, and oblique.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the demersal zone of the tropical Western Atlantic Ocean (found off Pernambuco at a depth of 640 m.)
# Senator Loomis

Senator Loomis may refer to:
* Chauncey Loomis (1780s–1817), New York State Senate
* Chester Loomis (1789–1873), New York State Senate
* Dwight Loomis (1821–1903), Connecticut State Senate
* James Chaffee Loomis (1807–1877), Connecticut State Senate
* James H. Loomis (1823–1914), New York State Senate
* Orland Steen Loomis (1893–1942), Wisconsin State Senate
# Croatia national under-21 speedway team

The Croatia national under-21 speedway team is the national under-21 motorcycle speedway team of Croatia and is controlled by the Croatian Motorcycle Federation. Croatian riders was started in Under-21 World Cup once, in 2009 with Slovenian riders as "Adria" team. The best Croatian rider is Jurica Pavlic who was won two medals in Individual competition (silver medal in 2009 in Goričan, Croatia).

## Competition

Team Speedway Junior World Championship :
| Year | Place | Pts. | Riders |
| 2004–2008 | 2004–2008 | 2004–2008 | Did not enter |
| 2009 | - | - | 3rd place in Qualifying Round Two Nikola Pigac (4), Renato Cvetko (1), Dalibor Bot (0) and two Slovenian riders (14) |
# Los Barrios de Luna

Los Barrios de Luna (Spanish pronunciation:) is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 309 inhabitants.
# Srnetica

Srnetica (Serbian Cyrillic: Срнетица) is a desolate village in the municipality of Istočni Drvar (East Drvar), Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies in western Bosnia, in the part of municipality of Drvar awarded to Republika Srpska, at a mountain saddle about 1050 metres above sea.
From the beginning of 20th century to 1975, there was a main junction of forest narrow-gauge railways built by AG Otto Steinbeis. The tracks are now dismantled and transformed into paths.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was nil.
# Sodium oligomannate

Sodium oligomannate (development code GV-971) is a mixture of oligosaccharides isolated from the marine algae Ecklonia kurome that is used in China as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
It was conditionally approved in China by the National Medical Products Administration in 2019 for mild to moderate AD to improve cognitive function. However, the clinical data supporting its potential benefits have been received skeptically elsewhere and are considered insufficient for approval in other countries. Therefore, it is still undergoing Phase III clinical trials necessary for regulatory approval in the United States and Europe. In 2022, Green Valley Pharmaceuticals, the company conducting Phase III clinical trials for the purpose of obtaining FDA approval in the United States, ended the trials early and suspended further development of the drug.
The mechanism by which sodium oligomannate may function is unclear and several possibilities have been proposed, including amyloid beta disaggregation, mediation of inflammatory responses to amyloid plaques, protein binding inside neurons, and alteration of intestinal bacteria.
# Thomas Worthington Barlow

Thomas Worthington Barlow (1823? – 10 August 1856), was an English antiquary and naturalist.

## Life

Barlow was the only son of William Worthington Barlow of Cranage, Cheshire. Educated for the legal profession, he became a member of Gray's Inn in May 1843, and was called to the bar 14 June 1848. The April before he had been elected a fellow of the Linnean Society, and was also an early member of the Wernerian Club. He afterwards lived at Manchester, where he practised as a special pleader and conveyancer. In 1853 he started an antiquarian miscellany called the Cheshire and Lancashire Historical Collector, the last number of which appeared in August 1855.
He had previously published Cheshire, its Historical and Literary Associations (1852, enlarged edition 1855), and seventy copies of a Sketch of the History of the Church at Holmes Chapel, Cheshire (1853). In April 1856 he accepted the appointment of Queen's Advocate for Sierra Leone; but within less than four months after his arrival in the colony he fell a victim to the fatal climate, dying at Freetown on 10 August, aged 33. In addition to the works mentioned above, Barlow was the author of: A Chart of British Ornithology(1847), The Field Naturalist's Note Book (1848), The Mystic Number: a Glance at the System of Nature (1852), and Memoir of W. Broome, with Selections from his Works (1855).
# Lucy Millington

Lucy Ann Bishop Millington (June 10, 1825 – January 17, 1900) was an American self-taught botanist known for her discovery of Arceuthobium pusillum, a species of dwarf mistletoe that was damaging trees in New York State.

## Early life and education

Born Lucy Bishop, she was the second child in a wealthy merchant family that owned several businesses in New Russia (now Elizabethtown), a town in the Adirondack region of New York. Bishop was an autodidact, though she likely attended local schools.

## Career and research

Millington had a decades-long career in botany; her first notable publication was the 1871 discovery of A. pusillum. She proceeded to publish a number of articles in popular science and contributed extensively to herbaria in New York. Throughout her career, she corresponded and collaborated with Charles Peck. She is commemorated alongside the rest of her family, with statues in their hometown. She functioned as a mentor to Liberty Hyde Bailey, whom she first met in 1876, when she was already established and he an eighteen-year-old student interested in botany.
# Genovese & Maddalene

Genovese & Maddalene was an architectural firm established in 1963 by architects Anthony Vincent Genovese and Herbert F. Maddalene, based in Glen Rock, New Jersey that specialized in the design of churches. The address was 175 Rock Rd, Glen Rock, New Jersey 07452.

## Works

* 1967: Church of the Holy Name of Jesus (Rochester, New York) In 1970, 258 Sollas Court, Ridgewood, New Jersey 07450.
* 1968: Advent Lutheran Church (Wyckoff, New Jersey)
* 1969: Our Lady of Good Counsel Church (Staten Island, New York)
* 1969: Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Church (Staten Island, New York)
* 1969: Church of the Nativity (Manhattan)
* 1981: Church of the Most Blessed Sacrament (Franklin Lakes, New Jersey)
# Spartan Aircraft

Spartan Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer from 1930 to 1935. It was formed by reinvestment in Simmonds Aircraft which had suffered financially.

## History

In 1928 Oliver Simmonds designed and built a prototype aircraft, the Simmonds Spartan, in a factory at Woolston, Hampshire. The design was a success with over 50 aircraft built. Following financial difficulties and investment from Whitehall Securities Corporation Ltd Simmonds Aircraft Limited changed name in 1930 to Spartan Aircraft Limited.
The first aircraft from the renamed company was the Spartan Arrow a two-seat biplane of which 15 were built. The next design was a three-seat open-cockpit biplane the Spartan Three Seater. The company ceased to build aircraft in 1935.
In January 1931 Flight magazine revealed that Whitehall Securities had acquired a substantial holding in Saunders Roe Ltd. and arising out of this investment Spartan was effectively merged into Saunders Roe. Spartan Aircraft's final product was the Spartan Cruiser a three-engined light airliner developed from the Saro-Percival Mailplane.

## Aircraft

* Simmonds Spartan
* Spartan Arrow – first flight 1930, 15 built
* Spartan Three Seater – first flight 1931, 25 built
* Spartan Cruiser – passenger, first flight 1932 17 built
* Spartan Clipper – 1 built 1932
# Senna domingensis

Senna domingensis is a flowering plant species in the legume family (Fabaceae). It is a threatened species, found in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti.

## Etymology

The species has been given the specific epithet "domingensis", as it occurs on the island of Hispaniola. This island was historically called Santo Domingo, or Saint-Domingue.
# Per Hallberg

Per Hallberg (born December 30, 1958), is a Swedish film sound editor whose work has appeared in over 40 movies. He has won three Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing for the films Braveheart (1995), The Bourne Ultimatum (2007) and Skyfall (2012). He was also nominated for the award for Face/Off (1997).
Hallberg works for the notable Hollywood sound post production company Soundelux.
He often works with Karen Baker Landers.
# Loutraki, Aetolia-Akarnania

Loutraki is a seaside settlement in the Aktio-Vonitsa Municipality of the regional unit of Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece. It has a very small resident population as most house owners are from the nearby village of Katouna, and use the area as their summer or seasonal residence, linked to the seasonal cultivation of olives, or earlier in the century of tobacco crops.
Loutraki has an anchorage on the Amvrakikos Gulf and was also the site of a water mill in the past. It is mentioned by a few European travellers of the 18th and 19th centuries. Lord Byron mentions it under the name Utraikee (he must have misheard the name) and states that in 1809-1810 it was the site of a barracks and a customs house. Loutraki is the site of an ancient plane tree which contains a shrine to Agios Spyridon in its hollow.