OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gary Brain

Gary Clifford Dennis Brain OBE (12 August 1943 – 20 April 2015) was a New Zealand timpanist and conductor. He was a principal timpanist with the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra until an accident permanently damaged his wrist. Following the accident, Brain retrained to become a conductor, studying under Rafael Kubelík for four years, and attended master classes with Lorin Maazel. He was a professional conductor from 1990 until his death.

## Background and personal life

Brain was born in Palmerston North, New Zealand on 12 August 1943. He was the only child of Charlotte Helen (Ivy) and Clifford Charles Brain. As a child he studied the piano, cello, horn and percussion instruments. Brain was a foundation member of the Manawatu Youth Orchestra and was also a member of the Wellington Youth Orchestra and New Zealand National Youth Orchestra.
Brain lived in Paris with his partner from 1986 until his death. He was divorced and had two children.

## Studies

He began his career as a timpanist after attending Berlin's Staatliche Hochschule für Musik. He studied piano, cello and composition with Boris Blacher and timpani with Werner Tharichen, the timpanist of the Berlin Philharmonic. He played in the BBC Training Orchestra in Bristol, United Kingdom.

## Playing career

Brain played as a percussionist with the National Orchestra of Wales and the Ulster Orchestra in Ireland and as timpanist with the Royal Opera, London. In 1968 he was appointed principal timpanist with the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra.
After his appointment Brain founded a Concerts in Schools programme. He toured across New Zealand with one tonne of instruments, doing solo performances at schools, colleges and universities. He aimed to bring classical music to young people in a light-hearted and interesting way and at the same time promote the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra. He also took his one-man programme to Brazil, Argentina, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong and Egypt.
Also he was a founder of Music for Youth (Jeunesses Musicals) the South Pacific's branch of the World Youth Orchestra.
On a United Airlines flight to the United States in 1989, a suitcase fell from an overhead locker and crushed Brain's wrist. Despite many operations, and with serious septicaemia infections, he was unable to continue his playing career.

## Conducting career

He re-trained as a conductor in Paris, conducting and recording various orchestras in Europe. He championed and recorded the works of a little-known Polish-Swiss composer, Czesław Marek.

## Honours

In the 1984 New Year Honours, Brain was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to music. He is also a recipient of a Winston Churchill Memorial Fellowship and Artistes de la Paix UNESCO.

## Compositions

* "Verre et Violon", a sonata for violin inspired by Juan Gris's painting "Violin and Glass"
* "Waitomo", soundtrack for a Japanese film
* "Symphony for Large String Orchestra"
* "Manco Capac", a ballet in one act.
# Gary Clark

Gary Clark or Gary Clarke may refer to:

## Sports

* Gary Clarke (rugby league) (fl. 1968), New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer
* Gary Clark (American football) (born 1962), American former football player
* Gary Clark (footballer) (born 1964), Scottish former football midfielder
* Gary Clark (golfer) (born 1971), English professional golfer
* Gary Clark (basketball) (born 1994), American basketball player

## Other people

* Gary Clarke (born 1933), American actor
* Gary Clark (cartoonist) (born 1954), Australian cartoonist, creator of Swamp
* Gary Clark (musician) (born 1962), Scottish musician, lead singer of Danny Wilson
* Gary Clarke (pastor), pastor of Hillsong London until early 2021
* Gary Clark Jr. (born 1984), American guitarist
# Rémilly, Nièvre

Rémilly (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.

## Geography

The village lies on the left bank of the river Alène.

## Demographics

In 2015, this commune had approximately 156 inhabitants. On 1 January 2019, the estimated population was 150.
# Frampton, Vale of Glamorgan

Frampton is a hamlet in the Vale of Glamorgan in South Wales. It lies within the parish of Llantwit Major, to the north of the town off the B4265 road, 4.25 miles (6.84 km) south-southwest of Cowbridge. It is divided into Little Frampton and Great Frampton.

## History

The settlement's name is believed to be named after Adam De Francton, an English knight who killed Llewelyn, the last Prince of Wales. The hamlet became known for its Frampton Herd of Pedigree Aberdeen Angus.

## Great Frampton

The hamlet contains the ruins of Great Frampton, a Grade II listed country house which is located about 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) northwest of the Church of St. Illtyd. The house was built around 1600, with a front added in the late 18th century. An inventory of the house was made in 1636 upon the death of Mary Jones, a widow who owned the property at the time. In the 1770s, the astronomer Nathaniel Pigott stayed at Frampton and built an observatory.
The house is of three storeys, with a front elevation containing five bays. It was badly damaged in a fire in 1994. It gutted the main block, but the rear wing, dated to the 17th century and altered in the mid 20th century, still remains, though in a derelict state.
# Rapid voltage change

A rapid voltage change or RVC is one of the power-quality (PQ) issue related to voltage disturbance. "According to IEC 61000-4-30, Ed. 3 standard, RVC is defined as "a quick transition in root means square (r.m.s.) voltage occurring between two steady-state conditions, and during which the r.m.s. voltage does not exceed the dip/swell thresholds." Switching processes such as motor starting, capacitor bank on/off, load switching, or transformer tap-changer operations can all create RVCs. Moreover, they can also be induced by sudden load variations or by disturbance in power output from distributed energy sources such as solar or wind power system. The main known effect of rapid voltage changes is light flicker, but other non-flicker effects also have been reported.

## Rapid voltage change effect

The RVC voltage disturbance level is not as big as sag / dip and swell. While RVC events generally are not destructive for electronic equipment, it can be annoying for final users as they may influence light flicker.
# John de la Chambre

John de la Chambre (fl. 1314–1320), was an English Member of Parliament (MP).
He was a Member of the Parliament of England for City of London in 1314 and 1320.
# Water polo at the 1959 Central American and Caribbean Games

Water polo was contested for men only at the 1959 Central American and Caribbean Games in Caracas, Venezuela.
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's water polo | Mexico (MEX) | Jamaica (JAM) | Venezuela (VEN) |
# Mahalaza-Fanimana

Mahalaza Fanimana is a village in Madagascar located in Sofia Region. It is situated 31 km from Befandriana-Avaratra on the 32 National Road towards Mandritsara which crosses Sofia Region linking the city of Antsohihy to Mandritsara.
In the vicinity are Ambodimotso, Fanimana, Antsiambalahy, Befandriana-Avaratra. Geographic coordinates: -15.393347,48.585262
# Madusanka

Madusanka is a Sinhalese name that may refer to the following people:

## Surname

* Amila Madusanka (born 1992), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Malka Madusanka (born 1995), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Pathum Madusanka (born 1996), Sri Lankan cricketer
# Maha Ganapathi Mahammaya Temple

The Maha Ganapathi Mahammaya Temple is a Hindu temple in Shirali in the Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka state. The temple is dedicated to the god Ganesha as Mahaganapati (Maha Ganapathi) and the goddess Mahamaya (Shantadurga). The temple is the Kuladevata Temple (family temple) of the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community. The temple god is a Kuladevata (family deity) of the Kamaths, Bhats, Puraniks, Prabhus, Joishys, Mallyas, Kudvas and Nayak families from the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community. The Temple was built about 400 years ago. It was renovated in 1904.

## History

* Maha Ganapathy at Shirali
* Mahammaya at Shirali
The idol of Mahaganapati (Ganesha, Vinayaka) and Mahamaya (also referred as Durgadevi and Shantadurga) were located in Ella, Tiswadi, Goa along with Gomanteshwar and its affiliates. During the Muslim invasion in Goa (13th century), the temple in Ella was destroyed and the idols were transferred to Goltim-Navelim (Golthi-Naveli) on Divar Island. Gomanteshwar and his affiliated deities still remain in Ella in Brahmapur. On account of the hostile religious policies pursued by the Portuguese rulers around 1560, the devotees left Goltim-Navelim after the destruction of the temple there. Unable to take the idols with them, they invoked the ‘saanidhya’ or the presence of the deities in the silver trunk of the elephant-headed Ganesha and the mask of Mahamaya. When they reached Bhatkal, they were unable to construct a temple immediately and kept the two symbols in a shop belonging to a devotee. Later on they constructed a temple in Shirali, a few miles north of Bhatkal, where it stands to this day. The deities are also called Pete Vinayaka and Shantadurga as they are located in a "pete", which means a town in Kannada. The temple has a unique darshan seva called, "mali".
Some other devotees also transferred the idols of Mahaganapati and Mahamaya from Goltim-Navelim to Khandepar and from there to Khandola.

## Rituals

Today, the temple at Shirali conducts various pujas including Shasraganayaga, Rathotsav, Ganahoma and Sahasrachandikahavana. The Rathotsav or the Car Festival is celebrated by the temple on Margashira Shudda Navami (in November or December.) The important events during rathotsava include pete utsava of Mahaganapathi on Margashira Shudda Chauthi and Mahamaya on Margashira Shudda Ashtami, ratri utsava every night and okuli on Margashira Shudda Dashami.

## Following

It is estimated that currently the Shirali Maha Ganapathi and Mahammaya temple has 125 Kulavis (family with specific kula devata), with a total of 6000 persons. Most Kulavis visit the temple annually, and many Kulavis living abroad visit the temple every time they visit India. The temple management has built spacious rooms to accommodate Kulavis who visit the temple and also provide food to the Kulavis during their stay at the temple.
# Mahikeng Airport

Mahikeng Airport or Mmabatho Airport (IATA: MBD, ICAO: FAMM) is an airport serving Mahikeng and Mmabatho, the current and former capital cities of the North West province in South Africa. The airport is widely known as Mafikeng Airport after Mahikeng's former name. The airport is managed by the North West Province Department of Transport and Roads. The airport is a former air force base of the Boputhatswana Defence Force and was previously classified as an international airport. As of 2014, discussions and construction was in progress in order for the airport to regain its status as an international airport.

## History

The airport is home to a flying club called the Mafikeng Flying Club. The club was formed in 1971. The air base was taken over and used as a base by members of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging during the Bophuthatswana coup d'état of 1994.
The airport's international license was suspended by the South African Civil Aviation Authority on 16 April 2001 with immediate effect due to issues with security, fire and airport management.
The airport is used by private aircraft operators as passenger flights stopped in 2009 due to the airport failing to comply with various regulations. Scheduled commercial flights by South African Express resumed in 2015 and were suspended in June 2018.

## Facilities

The airport resides at an elevation of 4,181 feet (1,274 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 04/22 with an asphalt surface measuring 4,499 by 45 metres (14,760 ft × 148 ft) as well as asphalt taxiways.
As of 2014, the airport is undergoing an expansion that includes re-marking runways and taxiways as well as installing a new instrument landing system that should allow Mahikeng airport to regain its international status. The cost of the expansion project was R15 million with a further R30 million being spent in order to ensure the project is completed within 2014. The expansion is intended to make Mahikeng airport a major cargo hub in the North West province that can be used to export various agricultural products produced within the province. Mahikeng airport has all the necessary facilities for customs control. The airport does not have international certification, however these facilities can be made operational again if needed.

## Airlines and destinations

Since South African Express terminated their flights to Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, the airport no longer supports scheduled routes.
# Mahijitpur

Mahijitpur is a village in Sultanpur Lodhi tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab, India. It is located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from the city of Sultanpur Lodhi, 35 kilometres (22 mi) away from district headquarter Kapurthala. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).
# Washington Stock Exchange

The Washington Stock Exchange was a regional stock exchange based in Washington, D.C. Active as early as the 1880s, on July 21, 1953, members of the Washington Stock Exchange board unanimously voted to merge with the Philadelphia-Baltimore Stock Exchange. The merge occurred in 1954, creating the Philadelphia-Baltimore-Washington Stock Exchange.

## History

The exchange was active in Washington, D.C. as of October 24, 1884. It was a tenant of the Washington Building at 15th and New York NW.
On July 31, 1914, after the closing of the NYSE, the Washington Stock Exchange, "which deals mainly in local securities, followed the example of similar bodies in other cities and suspended business for the day." During a financial crisis, on August 5, 1914, the New York Times reported that the New York Stock Exchange and all regional exchanges had voted to close, including Washington, D.C., the Baltimore Stock Exchange, the Boston Stock Exchange, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange, and others for Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago, Cincinnati, Columbus, and San Francisco.
On July 21, 1953, members of the Washington Stock Exchange board unanimously voted to merge with the Philadelphia-Baltimore Stock Exchange. The merger plan had been in negotiations at that point for 22 months under Washington exchange president Fenton Cramer. Cramer asserted that under the agreement, the Washington exchange would become a branch of the other exchange, with little change in actual trading activities expected. He described a major advantage of the merger as the establishment of a modern clearing house for security. The Philadelphia-Baltimore Stock Exchange merged with the Washington Stock Exchange in 1954, creating the Philadelphia-Baltimore-Washington Stock Exchange.

## Executives

Lewis Johnson Davis, who died September 6, 1906, was earlier a president of the Washington Stock Exchange. In late November 1901, W. A. Mearns was elected president of the Washington Stock Exchange. As of March 1910, William B. Hibbs, "one of the wealthiest men in Washington," was president of the Washington Stock Exchange. Charles C. Glover (1846-1936) was for a time president of the exchange. George M. Ferris (died 1992) was a former president and chairman of the Washington Stock Exchange. By July 21, 1953, Fenton Cramer was president.
# Magda László

Magda László (14 June 1912 – 2 August 2002) was a Hungarian operatic soprano, particularly associated with 20th-century operas.

## Life ad career

László was born in Marosvásárhely. She studied at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, and made her debut at the Budapest Opera in 1943, as Elisabeth in Tannhäuser, later singing Amelia in Simon Boccanegra.
In 1946, she settled in Italy, where she appeared in concert often with pianist Luigi Cortese [it], later becoming a regular guest at the Rome Opera and La Scala in Milan. She created the role of the mother in Dallapiccola's Il prigioniero on Italian radio in 1949, and also sang the role in the first staged performance in Florence, the following year, on 20 May 1950. A fine-singing actress and musician, she sang several roles in Italian contemporary works by Malipiero, Ghedini, and Lualdi.
She made guest appearances at the Glyndebourne Festival, notably in 1953 as Gluck's Alceste, in 1954 as Dorabella in Mozart's Così fan tutte, and in 1962 as Poppea in Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea. In 1954, she created the role of Cressida in William Walton's Troilus and Cressida, at the Royal Opera House in London.
Other notable roles included Strauss's Daphne, Busoni's Turandot, Marie in Alban Berg's Wozzeck, Isolde in Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, and Senta in Der fliegende Holländer.
László also recorded a number of the Bach cantatas conducted by Hermann Scherchen. She was the soprano soloist on Hermann Scherchen's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony (Westminster HI-FI, WAL 208, 1953).
László died in Nepi, Italy.
# Maison-Rouge

Maison-Rouge (French pronunciation: , literally Red House) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants are called Mansyrubiens.
# Mairoon Ali

Mairoon Ali (1954 – 20 December 2009) was a Trinidadian actress and comedian. She frequently appeared in local theatre for almost twenty years. She was also a history teacher, who retired from Holy Name Convent after 34 years.
In the early 1990s, she became an on-air personality with several local radio stations. In recent years Ali became even more involved with the theatre and co-founded HaHaHa Productions with other local actresses Nikki Crosby and Penelope Spencer. Additionally, she also was the host of local television station Gayelle TV morning program.

## Life and career

Ali was born Christina Bradshaw to parents Editha and Lonsdale Bradshaw and grew up in Belmont with her parents and seven siblings. She attended Tranquility Government Primary School and later St. Francois Girls' College. She went on to teach at Holy Name Convent before becoming involved in the theatre. Upon marrying at age 18, she changed her name from Christina Bradshaw to Mairoon Ali and had her first child Aka Ali. Her second marriage was to calypsonian Eddie Yearwood. With Yearwood she had her second child, soca artist Olatunji Yearwood.
Ali developed as an actress, both on television and in local plays, performing with top actor/producers like Raymond Choo Kong and Richard Ragoobarsingh. In 2002, she won a National Drama Association Cacique award for most outstanding actress, and appeared in popular productions like Raymond Choo Kong's We Like It So!, The Best Little Whorehouse in Guapo (co-produced by HaHaHa Productions), and The Vagina Dialogues (which she also co-wrote). She also appeared on the local soap opera Westwood Park. She and Crosby created the iconic characters Mavis and Mabel, who appeared at many local shows including the WeBeat Festival and Copyright Music Organisation of Trinidad and Tobago (COTT) awards.

## Death

The night before her death, Ali was out with friends, returning home around 1:15am on the morning of 20 December 2009. She was expected to head to Grenada later that day to celebrate Christmas. Her body was discovered by her son about 10:30am. At first it was believed she had slipped and hit her head, but later an autopsy determined she had died of a cerebral haemorrhage.
# Mairtin Thornton

Mairtin Thornton (died 1984) was an Irish heavyweight boxer in the 1940s. He was nicknamed the "Connemara Crusher".
Thornton was a native of Spiddal, Connemara, County Galway. He became the Irish Heavyweight Boxing champion in 1943. He fought Bruce Woodcock for the British Commonwealth Heavyweight title in 1945.
He boxed from 10 January 1938 until 23 April 1949. He won 14 bouts and lost 8.
When he retired from boxing he ran a pub in Spiddal, County Galway. He died in 1984.
# Magisterial

Magisterial may refer to:
* pertaining to magistrate
* pertaining to magisterium
# Magisterium (disambiguation)

The magisterium is the teaching authority of the Catholic Church. It may also refer to:
* Non-overlapping magisteria, a view on the relationship between religion and science proposed by Stephen Jay Gould
* Magisterium of Pius XII, a collection of works by Pope Pius XII
* The Magisterium Series, a fantasy novel series by Holly Black and Cassandra Clare
* The Magisterium, a fictional religious organization in Philip Pullman's trilogy of fantasy novels His Dark Materials
# Water stop (disambiguation)

A water stop is a railway stop where a steam locomotive can take on water.
Water stop or waterstop may also refer to:
* Waterstop, a watertight structure
* Water stop (sports) or water break, a break and a place to break for drinking water in some sports competitions
* "Waterstop" or Waterhouse stop was an early interchangeable aperture diaphragm
* "Water Stop", a song from the Gut the Van album
* "Water Stop", a song from the Silent Steeples album
# Water stop (sports)

A water stop is a break and a place to break for drinking water in sports events (sports competitions or training) for some types of sports, such as various long distance types of running (e.g., marathon), cycling, etc. Similarly, a water break is a break to drink water in some sports events held in one place.
Water stops and breaks have become obligatory relatively recently. Before the 1950s, there had been a practice to eliminate water breaks in order "to toughen up boys" (see "Junction Boys" for an example).
Water stops are used to combat interrelated dangers: hyperthermia, dehydration and hyponatremia (low blood level of sodium). Drinking water combats dehydration, while intake of electrolyte solutions (often provided by various sports drinks) combats hyponatremia and its severe form, water intoxication.
Water stops during a marathon are generally spaced between 2 miles and 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) apart, resulting in 8-12 stops. Stopping for 10 seconds per station results in 1-2 minutes of added time, but the loss of stamina due to dehydration would add much more.
Compared to dehydration, hyponatremia is a relatively recently recognized danger, and there are different opinions about how much water to drink at each water stop. Some texts say that thirst is not a reliable indicator of the need in water, while other say that obligatory drinking at every opportunity without real need increases the danger of hyponatremia. "If you hear sloshing in your stomach... you can by-pass that water stop". (Jeff Galloway)
In Sumo, if a bout goes for many minutes the referee may call a break traditionally called mizu-iri or "water break".

## Temporary introduction of water breaks during COVID pandemic

Many team sports, such as association football, gaelic sports and rugby union, introduced water breaks into games as part of measures to tackle the spread of COVID-19. Allowing players to drink from their own bottle at regular intervals during games, as opposed to the nearest bottle during incidental stoppages, prevented the spread of the virus.
# Mahmut Cuhruk

Mahmut Cuhruk (1925 – 8 October 2018) was a Turkish judge. He was president of the Constitutional Court of Turkey from 2 March 1988 until 1 March 1990.
Cuhruk was born in Yozgat in 1925. He died in Ankara on 8 October 2018.
# Mahurangi Regional Park

Mahurangi Regional Park is a regional park situated on the north-eastern coast of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located in Rodney, north of the main Auckland urban area, and is owned and operated by Auckland Council.

## Geography

The part is located on either side of the entrance to the Mahurangi Harbour. The bulk of the regional park is found in Mahurangi West. In addition to this, two exclaves of the park are located on the eastern shores, in Scotts Landing, only accessible by boat.
The western portion of the park is divided into two sections: one centred around Mita Bay in the north, and one around Te Muri beach in the south.