OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liebigia

Liebigia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae.
It is native to Java, Sumatera and Lesser Sunda Islands.
The genus name of Liebigia is in honour of Justus von Liebig (1803–1873), a German scientist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and is considered one of the principal founders of organic chemistry. It was first described and published in Gen. Pl. on page 1407 in 1841.

## Known species

According to Kew:
* Liebigia adenonema (Hilliard) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia barbata (Jack) D.J.Middleton
* Liebigia dissimilis (Hilliard) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia glabra (Miq.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia horsfieldii (R.Br.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia leuserensis (Hilliard) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia limans (Miq.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia neoforbesii (Hilliard) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia polyneura (Miq.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia praeterita (Hilliard) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia tenuipes (Hilliard) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
* Liebigia tobaensis (Hilliard) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
# Pressure melting point

The pressure melting point of ice is the temperature at which ice melts at a given pressure. The pressure melting point is nearly a constant 0 °C at pressures above the triple point at 611.7 Pa, where water can exist in only the solid or liquid phases, through atmospheric pressure (100 kPa) until about 10 MPa. With increasing pressure above 10 MPa, the pressure melting point decreases to a minimum of −21.9 °C at 209.9 MPa. Thereafter, the pressure melting point rises rapidly with pressure, passing back through 0 °C at 632.4 MPa.

## Pressure melting point in glaciers

Glaciers are subject to geothermal heat flux from below and atmospheric warming or cooling from above. As the pressure increases with depth in a glacier from the weight of the ice above, the pressure melting point of ice decreases within bounds, as shown in the diagram. The level where ice can start melting is where the pressure melting point equals the actual temperature. In static equilibrium conditions, this would be the highest level where water can exist in a glacier. It would also be the level of the base of an ice shelf, or the ice-water interface of a subglacial lake.
# HMS K5

HMS K5 was one of the K-class submarines that served in the Royal Navy from 1917–1921. She was lost with all hands when she sank en route to a mock battle in the Bay of Biscay.

## War service

At the end of the war in 1918, K5 was part of the 12th Submarine Flotilla based at Rosyth, along with six others of the K-class.

## Loss

K5 left Torbay on 19 January 1921 with the K8, K10, K15 and K22 as part of the Atlantic Fleet for a mock battle in the Bay of Biscay.
The submarine was commanded by an experienced officer, Lieutenant Commander John A Gaimes, DSO, RN, but had a new crew. The other officers on board were Lieutenant F Cuddeford, Engineer-Lieutenant E Bowles, Acting Engineer-Lieutenant G Baker, Lieutenant B Clarke and Acting Lieutenant R Middlemist. The full complement included 51 ratings on board.
All 57 hands were lost on 20 January about 120 mi (190 km) south-west of the Isles of Scilly. She had signalled that she was diving but she did not surface at the end of the exercise. An oil slick was discovered and after planks from the battery covers and a sailor's "ditty box" were recovered, it was presumed that she had somehow gone past her maximum depth and been crushed.
On return from her exercises in the Mediterranean in 1922, Hood and the rest of the fleet dropped wreaths and held a memorial service where K5 had gone down.

## Problems with the K-class

Retired Rear-Admiral S.S. Hall wrote in The Times under the heading "An Experts Theory" "...it may be taken as certain that the loss of the vessel was due to some delay to checking the downward momentum gained by the vessel being overtrimmed in diving, either by admitting compressed air too slowly to too many tanks at one time, to tanks only partially full, or to a sea connexion being closed prematurely."
The waters where the battle exercises were taking place were so deep that the vessel would have been crushed, losing control due to the intake of water. Admiral Hall wrote that it was "not clear why the 'K' class should be taken for cruises in the Atlantic in winter." He describes the submarines as 'freaks' that were designed especially for the conditions of the North Sea during World War I. "The high surface speed necessitates great length, and the further complication of steam demands very large openings for funnels and air intakes to boiler rooms. These have always been a source of great anxiety in bad weather or in rapid diving." He also drew attention to the need for a thoroughly trained crew to operate them safely.
K13 suffered a similar fate during her acceptance trials, when she foundered with the loss of 32 of those on board. The cause of the incident was related to the openings to which Hall refers.
# Shalysa Wray

Shalysa Wray (born 6 May 1999) is a Caymanian sprinter.

## Biography

Shalysa Wray was born on 6 May 1999. She placed fourth in the 200 m at the 2019 NACAC U23 Championships in Athletics, and fourth at the 400 m in 2021.
Wray competed in the 400m at the 2020 Summer Olympics, becoming the first Caymanian athlete to compete at the Olympics in this event. She finished seventh in her heat, with a personal best time of 53.61 seconds, and did not advance to the semi-finals.
She is a student at Kansas State University.
# Norway at the 1972 Summer Paralympics

Norway sent a delegation to compete at the 1972 Summer Paralympics in Heidelberg, West Germany. They sent twenty eight competitors, nineteen male and nine female.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Jan Erik Stenberg | Athletics | Men's 60 m Whellchair 1A |
| Silver | Bente Gronli | Swimming | Women's 3x35 m Medley 4 |
| Silver | Bente Gronli | Swimming | Women's 50 m Freestyle 4 |
| Silver | Harald Gunnerup | Swimming | Men's 50 m Breaststroke 4 |
| Silver | A. Klausen Tora Lysoe | Table Tennis | Women's Doubles 1A-1B |
| Silver | Johnsen | Weightlifting | Men's Lightweight |
| Bronze | McNichol | Athletics | Men's Discus 1A* |
| Bronze | Berg-Holmen H. Warberg | Dartchery | Women's Pairs open |
| Bronze | Bente Gronli | Swimming | Women's 50 m Backstroke 4 |
| Bronze | Henry Dahlgren | Table Tennis | Men's Singles 2 |
| Bronze | Tora Lysoe | Table Tennis | Women's Singles 1B |
* *Not recognized anymore.

## Disability classifications

Athletes at the Paralympics in 1972 were all afflicted by spinal cord injuries and required the use of a wheelchair. This is in contrast to later Paralympics that include events for participants that fit into any of five different disability categories.
# Libor Kovařík

Libor Kovařík (born 23 February 1976) is a former Czech football referee. He has been a full international for FIFA since 2006.
Kovařík served as a referee in 2010 World Cup qualifiers.

## Career statistics

Statistics for Gambrinus liga matches only.
| Season | Games | Total | per game | Total | per game |
| 2006/07 | 15 | 56 | 3.73 | 3 | 0.2 |
| 2007/08 | 22 | 113 | 5.14 | 1 | 0.05 |
| 2008/09 | 20 | 93 | 4.65 | 3 | 0.15 |
| 2009/10 | 19 | 82 | 4.32 | 4 | 0.21 |
| 2010/11 | 15 | 57 | 3.8 | 1 | 0.07 |
| Overall | 91 | 401 | 4.41 | 12 | 0.13 |
| Please Note: There are no available records prior to 2006/2007 ||||||
# Shafir (surname)

Shafir is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eldar Shafir, American behavioral scientist
* Herzl Shafir (1929–2021), Israeli major general
* Iakov Mikhailovich Shafir (1886–1938), Bolshevik historian
* Iakov Moiseyevich Shafir (1887–1938), Soviet investigator and journalist
* Marina Shafir (born 1988), Moldovan wrestler and mixed martial artist
* Michael Shafir (born 1944), Romanian–Israeli political scientist
* Relik Shafir (born 1953), Israeli brigadier general
* Shlomo Shafir (1924–2013), Israeli journalist and historian
# Hymn Sing

Hymn Sing was a Canadian television series taped in Winnipeg, Manitoba, for CBC Television. The program featured hymns, spirituals and inspirational music sung by a sixteen member choir. The series was broadcast nationally on Sunday afternoons from October 3, 1965 to May 1995.
The show's musical directors were Eric Wild (from 1965 to 1978) and Winnifred Sim (1978–1995).

## Reception

Hymn Sing was originally scheduled for a 13-week run, but due to overwhelming popularity, it grew into a 30-year series. Hymn Sing was viewed by more than 3 million Canadians per week, and at times, had better ratings that Hockey Night in Canada. Hymn Sing eventually became CBC's second longest running show, after Front Page Challenge. Performers recount receiving fan mail and gifts from viewers.

## Reunion

Hymn Sing alumni hosted a three-day reunion event in August 2018 in Winnipeg. The event ended with a 90 minute celebratory concert at Bethel Mennonite Church, which featured over 70 former Hymn Sing performers. John Nelson, a show performer from 1968 to 1974, said of the event "This is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, as many of us are now in our 60s, or even mid-70s, it's also our opportunity to thank our fans, and bring a sense of closure… that we never really had until now." The concert paid homage to various important members of the Hymn Sing team, including musical director Winnifred Sim and pianist Mitch Parks.
# Lightning GT

The Lightning GT was a battery-electric sports car under development by the Lightning Car Company, a London-based privately owned and funded business.
The project was initially unveiled to the public in July 2008 at the British International Motor Show, with deliveries originally expected in 2009, but without funding the project has effectively been on hold in recent times.
The GT was displayed at the 2014 Low Carbon Vehicle Event with Magtec. The GT was displayed at the London Motor Show in May 2016 as one of the main features and placed in front of the show entrance where anecdotally it received great critical acclaim for its enduring styling. The Lightning was in Paris where it was shown by a French manufacturer to their Asian partner with a view to a long term EU and Asia association.
The silver Lightning GT show car was accepted for placement at the British Motor Museum where it was on display until 2024. It has been accepted there as it has a special place in British automotive history, arguably it was the leading British pioneer for EV in the 21st century.

## Technical details

The first prototype was powered by four in-wheel motors with a combined power output of 700 bhp (710 PS; 522 kW), but the production vehicles were to have a revised electric drivetrain.
The car is powered by twin rear-mounted synchronous motors, driving through independent reduction gearboxes under electronic torque control. The powertrain system is sourced from MAGTEC, the leading UK powertrain manufacturer, providing rear-wheel drive and a peak power output capability of 300 kW (408 PS; 402 bhp) with 4000 Nm of torque available at the wheels.
The Lightning GT accelerates to 97 km/h (60 mph) in less than 4 seconds and is geared for over 300 km/h (185 mph). Its body will be made from carbon fibre and the chassis from a honeycomb aluminium structure. This unique H chassis will also house the battery modules which when integrated add massive torsional and beam strength. Final assembly location has yet to be determined.
A small amount of the development of the GT was assisted with a grant from the UK Government's Technical Strategy Board, as part of the EEMS Consortium. The Lightning GT development car excelled as a part of this consortium with 100% drivetrain and battery reliability over a full years monitored testing. The GT covered more miles than the rest of the consortium combined.

## Battery

The standard battery specification includes two 22 kWh Altairnano lithium-titanate battery pack 'strings'. The 9 kW standard onboard charger can fully recharge the batteries in five hours from a dedicated 32amp wired socket or 12 hours from any standard socket. An optional on-board charger connected to a suitable dedicated domestic power source can recharge the car from zero in 2.5 hours. A full charge will give the vehicle a 'usable' mixed use range of over 322 km (200 miles). Lightning are developing further battery combinations to take the range further on a standard pack. A range extender option is being developed which will enable significantly longer journeys.
# Pressure injection cell

Pressure Injection Cells, sometimes referred to as "bomb-loading devices" are used in proteomic research to enable controlled dispensing of small-volume liquid samples.

## Applications

Using high pressure, pressure injection cells are used for two applications: densely packing nanobore capillary columns (micro-columns) with solid-phase particles for use in LC/MS analysis; and precisely infusing microliter samples directly from microcentrifuge tubes into mass spectrometers without additional transfers, wasted sample, or contact with metallic surfaces which adsorb some negatively charged molecules such as phosphopeptides.

## Components

A typical pressure injection cell holds a micro-tube or a vial in its central chamber. A small magnetic stir bar can be used to keep the particles in suspension.

## Operation

The pressure cell is connected to a source of compressed gas (such as Argon, Helium or Nitrogen). A capillary is placed through a ferrule in the cap so that one end is in contact with the liquid in the tube or vial. The distal end of the capillary is fritted to retain the particles while packing. Pressure from the compressed gas can be regulated to adjust the flow rate of the sample into the capillary.
# The Texas Balladeer

The Texas Balladeer is an album by Freddy Fender that was released in 1979. It contains his covers of two hits on the U.S. pop charts, "Squeeze Box" and "Share Your Love."

## Track listing

* Yours
* Squeeze Box
* My Special Prayer
* Walk Under a Snake
* Trapped
* Share Your Love
* He's Got Nothing On Me but You
* Gotta Travel On
* Turn Around
* Rock Down in My Shoe
# Emma (1996 soundtrack)

Emma (Original Score) is the soundtrack accompanying the 1996 film of the same name based on Jane Austen's 1816 novel. It features the original score written by British composer Rachel Portman and released through Hollywood Records on 29 July 1996. At the 69th Academy Awards, Portman won the Best Original Musical or Comedy Score, thereby becoming the first woman to win the Academy Award.

## Development

Portman told Rebecca Jones from the BBC that her score was "purely classical". She continued "It is an orchestral piece, by which I mean that there is nothing in it that you wouldn't find in a symphony orchestra. It was influenced by my roots and my classical background." Portman used various instruments to give a voice to the characters. She revealed that "a quivering violin" would represent Harriet's uneasy stomach, while "a bittersweet clarinet" would accompany Emma though her emotional journey.

## Reception

Josh Friedman from the Los Angeles Times believed Portman's "crafty score guides the audience through the heroine's game playing, and ultimately, to her romantic destiny." He also thought the music had "a sneaky, circular feel". Playbill's Ken LaFave commented that the score "underlined the period romanticism" in Emma and contained a "string-rich, romantic sound". Jason Ankeny, a music critic for Allmusic, wrote that Portman's score to Emma employed all of her "signatures" like "whimsical yet romantic melodies, fluffy string arrangements, and woodwind solos", which would be familiar to anyone who had listened to her previous film scores. He stated, "it seems as if she's simply going through the motions, content to operate within the confines of an aesthetic that, admittedly, is hers and hers alone. By no means a bad score, Emma is nevertheless a disappointment – if you've heard a previous Rachel Portman score, you've pretty much heard this one as well." Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks.com was critical of the film's music, adding that "Emma is far from her best work, and by no means deserved an Oscar over her other, stronger romance scores."

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
* Composer, producer and orchestrator – Rachel Portman
* Conductor – David Snell
* Contractor – George Hamer
* Orchestra leader – Peter Manning
* Engineer – Keith Grant
* Flute – Linda Coffin
* Harp – Hugh Webb
* Clarinet – Nicholas Bucknall

## Accolades

Accolades for Emma (Original Score) :
| Award | Category | Recipients | Result |
| Academy Awards | Best Original Musical or Comedy Score | Rachel Portman | Won |
# Cere, Sveta Nedelja

Cere is a village in the municipality of Sveta Nedelja, Istria in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 36.
# Lida Voorhees

Eliza Day 'Lida' Voorhees (July 3, 1864 – February, 1934) was an American female tennis player who was active in the late 19th century.

## Career

Voorhees reached the challenge round of the 1889 women's singles U.S. National Championships at the Philadelphia Cricket Club, the third championship held, in which she lost to defending champion Bertha Townsend in straight sets, 5–7, 2–6. She had won the right to challenge Townsend by winning the all-comers tournament, defeating Helen Day Harris in the final in three sets. In 1890, she again reached the final of the all-comers tournament, which she lost to Ellen Roosevelt. The latter defeated Townsend in the challenge round. In 1891, Voorhees made it to the semifinals of the all-comers tournament, where she was defeated by eventual champion Mabel Cahill from Ireland.

## Personal life

Voorhees married Arthur Ferdinand Rodewald on April 27, 1892, in Trinity Church, Bergen Point. They had three sons (Frederick Arthur, b. March 3, 1893, Winthrop Voorhees, b. Dec. 22, 1894, Ferdinand Kingsley, b. Dec. 20, 1897). She was granted a decree of divorce, with custody of her children in New York on December 1, 1910.

## Grand Slam finals
### Singles (1 runner-up)

| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Runner-up | 1889 | U.S. Championships | Grass | Bertha Townsend | 5–7, 2–6 |
# Shafiu Ahmed

Shafiu "Shaafee" Ahmed (born 16 March 1987) is a Maldivian international footballer. Shaafee is also a player of Maldives national football team. He is from the island of Eydhafushi, Baa Atoll.
# I'm Gay (song)

"I'm Gay" is a Swedish pop song by the Swedish pop duo 6 AM made up of Alex Falk (a contestant on Swedish Idol 2004) and Martin Strand, featuring Cissi Ramsby (a contestant on Swedish Idol 2006).
The song written by J.Dennis, J. Bejerholm and U. Turesson and produced by Johan Bejerholm was adopted as the official song for the Swedish annual gay Pride-låten event held in Stockholm in 2007. The song samples on the song Go West by Village People. "I'm Gay" became very popular in Sweden and was released as a single topping the Swedish Singles Chart for 1 week for the week ending 9 August 2007. They also performed the song on Sommarkrysset on Sweden's TV4 television station.

## Track list

The song was released on 18 July 2007 on CD and as a maxi-single on WEA Records AB (Sweden) containing five tracks:
* I'm Gay (SoundFactory radio edit) – remix – SoundFactory
* I'm Gay (original version)
* I'm Gay (SoundFactory club anthem) – REMIX – SoundFactory
* I'm Gay (SoundFactory dark dub) – remix – SoundFactory
* I'm Gay (instrumental version)
| Year (2007) | Top position |
| Swedish Singles Chart | 1 |
# Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae

Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae is a bacterium from the genus of Rhodopseudomonas.
# Lightning Hopkins in Berkeley

Lightning Hopkins in Berkeley is an album by blues musician Lightnin' Hopkins recorded in California in 1969 and originally released on the Arhoolie label in 1972. The original LP featured one side of previously unreleased recordings and the other six track which were originally released on Lightnin'!.

## Track listing

All compositions by Sam "Lightnin'" Hopkins
* "Please Settle in Vietnam" – 4:15
* "Up on Telegraph (Avenue)" – 3:14
* "Wipe Your Feet on the Floor" – 2:38
* "Send My Child Home to Me" – 4:12
* "Selling Wine" – 3:08
* "Brand New Look" – 3:16
* "Have You Ever Loved a Woman" – 4:22 Originally released on Lightnin'!
* "Little and Low" – 3:35 Originally released on Lightnin'!
* "Hold Up Your Head" – 3:31 Originally released on Lightnin'!
* "Good Times Here" – 2:41 Originally released on Lightnin'!
* "Annie's Boogie" – 2:34 Originally released on Lightnin'!
* "Black and Evil" – 3:11 Originally released on Lightnin'!
* Recorded in Berkeley, CA at Sierra Sound Laboratories on May 20, 1969 (tracks 7–12) and at Chris Strachwitz' House on December 8, 1969 (tracks 1–6)

## Personnel
### Performance

* Lightnin' Hopkins – guitar, vocals
* Francis Clay – drums (tracks 7–12)

### Production

* Chris Strachwitz – producer
# Stow Maries Halt

Stow Maries Halt is a 2.2-hectare (5.4-acre) nature reserve south of Stow Maries in Essex. It is owned and managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.
The former Stow St Mary Halt railway station has marshes, a pond and scrub, together with adjoining pasture which is also part of the reserve. Butterflies include purple and white-letter hairstreaks, and there are flowers such as common fleabane and wild carrot.
There is access from Church Lane.
# Senator Hammond

Senator Hammond may refer to:
* Charles Hammond (lawyer and journalist) (1779–1840), Ohio State Senate
* Chauncey B. Hammond (1882–1952), New York State Senate
* Edward Hammond (politician) (1812–1882), Maryland State Senate
* Jabez Delano Hammond (1778–1855), New York State Senate
* James Henry Hammond (1807–1864), U.S. Senator from South Carolina from 1857 to 1860
* Jay Hammond (1922–2005), Alaska State Senate
* Jim Hammond (Idaho politician) (born 1950), Idaho State Senate
* Johnie Hammond (born 1932), Iowa State Senate
* Samuel H. Hammond (1809–1878), New York State Senate
* Samuel Hammond (1757–1842), Georgia State Senate
* Stephen H. Hammond (1828–1910), New York State Senate
# Encrinasteridae

Encrinasteridae is an extinct family of brittle stars. It was erected in 1914 by Charles Schuchert, and the type genus is Encrinaster.

## Classification

The family Encrinasteridae was originally named by Charles Schuchert in 1914 as a monotypic group containing only the genus Encrinaster. Later authors assigned more genera to the family, and two subfamilies, Encrinasterinae and Armathyrasterinae, were proposed based primarily on the arrangement of the adambulacrals (ossicles lying along the ambulacral grooves) in 1978.
# Takuma Ito

Takuma Ito may refer to:
* Takuma Ito (basketball) (born 1982), Japanese basketball coach
* Takuma Ito (footballer) (born 1986), Japanese footballer