OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ludwig Landgrebe

Ludwig Landgrebe (9 March 1902, Vienna – 14 August 1991, Cologne) was an Austrian phenomenologist and Professor of philosophy. He is the grandfather of award-winning German actor Max Landgrebe.

## Life

Landgrebe studied philosophy, history and geography in Vienna. Influenced by Max Scheler, he continued his studies in Freiburg. In 1923 Landgrebe became assistant to Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). After the approval of his doctoral dissertation, Landgrebe transferred to Prague for his postdoctoral qualification under Oskar Kraus. From 1939 he collaborated with Eugen Fink at the Husserl-Archives in Leuven. Landgrebe's wife, Ilse Maria Goldschmidt, was of Jewish ancestry and sister of the writer Georges-Arthur Goldschmidt. In 1940 Landgrebe was deported to Belgium. He worked part-time as a merchant assistant in Hamburg.
In 1945 Landgrebe had his post-doctorate reapproved in Hamburg, and he was made ordinary professor in 1947 in Kiel, where Hans Blumenberg was one of his students. In 1954 he transferred to Cologne, and become director of the Husserl-Archives there. Landgrebe is known as one of Husserl's closest associates, but also for his independent views relating to the subjects of history, religion and politics, as seen from the viewpoints of existentialist philosophy and metaphysics.

## Works

* Wilhelm Diltheys Theorie der Geisteswissenschaften, Halle 1928 (Dissertation)
* Nennfunktion und Wortbedeutung. Eine Studie über Martys Sprachphilosophie, Halle 1934
* Was bedeutet uns heute Philosophie, Hamburg 1948 (2. Aufl. 1954)
* Phänomenologie und Metaphysik, Hamburg 1949 (Aufsatzsammlung)
* Philosophie der Gegenwart, Bonn 1952 (2. Aufl. Frankfurt/M 1957)
* Der Weg der Phänomenologie, Gütersloh 1963 (4. Aufl. 1978)
* Phänomenologie und Geschichte, Gütersloh 1968
* Über einige Grundfragen der Philosophie der Politik, Köln/Opladen 1969
* Faktizität und Individuation. Studien zu den Grundfragen der Phänomenologie, Hamburg 1982 (Bibliographie S. 157 - 162)

### English translations

* Major Problems in Contemporary European Philosophy, from Dilthey to Heidegger, New York, F. Ungar Pub. Co. 1966 (translation of Philosophie der Gegenwart)
* The Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl. Six Essays edited, with an introduction by Donn Welton Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1981
# Spears (disambiguation)

Spears may refer to:
* A plural of spear
* Spears (surname), people with the surname Spears
* Spears (album), a 1985 album by Tribal Tech
* Spears, Kentucky
* Kubota Spears, Japanese Top-League rugby team
* Southern Spears, a South African rugby team
* Spears Motorsports, a defunct NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series team
* Spear's Wealth Management Survey, also known simply as Spear's
# Ivan Bošnjak (disambiguation)

Ivan Bošnjak (born 1979) is a Croatian footballer.
Ivan Bošnjak may also refer to:
* Ivan Bošnjak (basketball) (born 1982), Serbian basketball player
* Ivan Bošnjak (politician) (born 1974), Serbian politician
# Crook by da Book: The Fed Story

Crook by da Book: The Fed Story is the fourth studio album by American rapper Project Pat. First rumored to be released August 18, 2006, but was pushed back to December 5, 2006. Recording sessions took place at Hypnotize Minds Studio in Memphis, Tennessee. Production was handled by DJ Paul and Juicy J. The album features guest appearances from Three 6 Mafia, Beanie Sigel, Lyfe Jennings, Pimp C, Mr. Bigg and Young Jeezy. The album debuted at number 64 on the Billboard 200, selling about 40,000 copies in its first week.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| RapReviews | 7/10 |
AllMusic's David Jeffries called the album "a properly financed version of his Ghetty Green LP with beefier beats and more polished production" but noted that its appeal will depend on "the listener's tolerance for his tried-and-true, down-and-dirty formula", concluding that: "[T]he single-minded Crook by da Book might not woo many newcomers toward his hard-thugging corner of the hip-hop world, but Hypnotize Minds fans worried a Oscar would make this family go soft can now exhale." Steve 'Flash' Juon of RapReviews praised Pat for being "a competent narrator and storyteller" that has the main focus on his own album and uses the spotlight effectively for his featured guests, concluding that: "Crook by Da Book: The Fed Story is a study in contradictions, as Pat seems like a rapper who is capable of being more than a fill-in member for Three 6 Mafia but one who is also clearly loyal to his Memphis comrades and vice versa. They are more help than hindrance to his rap career, so this is not at all a bad match; in fact future Three 6 Mafia albums are likely to be improved by his having an increased role on the tracks lyrically."

## Track listing
### Notes

* "What Money Do" and "High Off" features uncredited vocals by DJ Paul.
* "Get Down" features uncredited vocals by Juicy J.
* "Get That Up Off Ya" featured uncredited vocals by DJ Paul and Juicy J.
# Gus Otto

Gus Otto (born December 8, 1943) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Oakland Raiders of the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). He played for the Raiders in the AFL from 1965 through 1969 and in the NFL from 1970 to 1972. Otto played college football for the Missouri Tigers.
# Villeneuve-Minervois

Villeneuve-Minervois is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.
# Juan Oliver

Juan Oliver may refer to:
* Juan Fremiot Torres Oliver (1925–2012), Puerto Rican bishop
* Juan García Oliver (1901–1980), Spanish revolutionary
* Juan Martínez Oliver (born 1962), Spanish cyclist
# Songs for the End of the World

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Songs for the End of the World is the 18th studio album by rock musician Rick Springfield. The album was released in four versions, each with its own steampunk-themed cover art and unique bonus content. The album title is a reference to the Maya calendar.

## Overview

As described by Springfield himself, the album is "in the end, [...] a relationship album, viewed from the perspective of how the relationship is the thing that matters. Even though the world may be coming down around our ears, that's the most important thing." The idea for the album came after discussions with his writing partner Matt Bissonette. "We'd been talking a lot about all the signs and all the things that have been happening - all the wars, the melting polar ice caps, the food chain endangered, overpopulation, all the super bugs, all those kind of things." The songwriting process continued alongside the thoughts the two discussed. However, the album's dark subjects should not be taken as is. "The fact is that we're in a very precarious position now, planet-wise, and it's pretty daunting, all the stuff that's been going on," Springfield says. But "a lot of it is tongue-in-cheek. One good thing about it is it's high-energy rock 'n' roll."

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Rick Springfield; all music is composed by Springfield and Matt Bissonette.

## Personnel

* Rick Springfield – Lead Vocals, Guitars
* Matt Bissonette – Bass, Keyboards, Backing Vocals
* Rodger Carter – Drums, Percussion
* George Bernhardt – Guitar
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Chitré

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Chitré (erected 21 July 1962) is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Panamá.

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

* José María Carrizo Villarreal (1963–1994)
* José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán, O.A.R. (1994–1999), appointed Bishop of David; future Cardinal
* Fernando Torres Durán (1999–2013)
* Rafael Valdivieso Miranda (since 2013)

### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* José Domingo Ulloa Mendieta (priest here, 1983-1988), appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Panamá

## Notable people

* Ana Maria Moreno Del Castillo: Laywoman of the diocese declared Servant of God in 2018.
# Holops

Holops is a genus of small-headed flies in the family Acroceridae. It is endemic to Chile.

## Species

The genus includes six species:
* Holops anarayae Barahona-Segovia, 2021
* Holops cyaneus Philippi, 1865
* Holops frauenfeldii Schiner, 1868
* Holops grezi Barahona-Segovia, 2021
* Holops pullomen Barahona-Segovia, 2021
* Holops virens Bigot, 1878
# J. F. Morris

James Frederick Morris (1851 – 25 September 1924) was a Welsh solicitor and Liberal politician.

## Legal career

Morris practised as J. F. Morris & Son with his son, Harold Spencer Morris, in Carmarthen. He was appointed a Commissioner of oaths in South Wales.
Morris served as president of the Carmarthen Orpheus Glee Society in the early 1900s. In 1907, Morris was again appointed honorary legal advisor to the Carmarthen Attractions Committee.

## Political career

Morris stood as a Liberal Party councillor for Carmarthen Eastern Ward in the municipal election of 1882 (in which he finished second with 279 votes). In 1889, he received twenty-five letters and telegrams relating to the selection of a Liberal Unionist candidate for the 1889 West Carmarthenshire by-election and to attempts at co-operation with local Conservatives. The main correspondents were Robert Bickersteth and Sir T.J. Leigh Maclachlan.
In the 1890s, Morris served as president of the Blue Ribbonism Society in Carmarthen.
In 1895, Morris invited John Jones Jenkins, 1st Baron Glantawe to stand as the Liberal Unionist candidate in Carmarthen. One year previously, in 1894, Morris had stood as the Liberal Unionist candidate and finished first. He then stood in the municipal elections of 1897 (in which he finished second with 445 votes), 1900 (in which he finished fourth with 309 votes), and 1901 (in which he finished first with 446 votes).
In November 1902, Morris was offered the office of Mayor of Carmarthen for the ensuing year, but declined.
In the 1910s, Morris served as chairman of the Carmarthen Sports and Attractions Committee.

## Other work

In 1879, Morris was appointed treasurer of the Wesleyan Chapel, Carmarthen.
He served as chairman of The Salvation Army (Carmarthen) in the early 1900s.
Morris was a patron of the Carmarthenshire Fallen Heroes Fund. A letter written by him to Sir Alfred Lewis Jones in 1905 procured a "very handsome donation" to the fund.
In 1911, Morris headed the Carmarthen contingent of the National Eisteddfod of Wales. Three months before it was scheduled, he secured the greater part of the 104 local subscribers to the Estddfod funds, enabling the Carmarthen contingent to checkmate the efforts of their Abergavenny counterparts.

## Personal life

J. F. Morris married Catherine Jones, daughter of David Jones of Carmarthen, on 25 February 1879.
In 1897, Roman ruins were discovered on the site of Morris' nineteenth century mansion. The principal room excavated measured about fourteen square feet; the cement floor had been completely destroyed in the making of the modern cellar. Morris subsequently obtained 3 bronze coins from the reign of Constantius Chlorus, other assorted coins, and the remains of a Roman bath.
# Perihelion Software

Perihelion Software Limited was a United Kingdom company founded in 1986 by Dr. Tim King along with a number of colleagues who had all worked together at MetaComCo on AmigaOS and written compilers for both the Amiga and the Atari ST.
Perihelion Software produced an operating system for the INMOS Transputer called HeliOS. This was a system that looked like Unix but which could pass messages to processes running on either the same processor or another one. This was used in the Atari Transputer Workstation, among other places.
Later HeliOS was ported to other processors including the ARM architecture.
Perihelion Software also produced an in-memory database system called Polyhedra. The group responsible for this product was set up as a subsidiary, Perihelion Technology Limited (PTL), which did a management buyout in 1994. PTL later changed its name to Polyhedra plc in 1995, and in 2001 was acquired by a Swedish company called ENEA.
# Scorodocarpus

Scorodocarpus (Malay 'kulim') is a monotypic genus of plant in the family Olacaceae. It has also been classified in the family Strombosiaceae. The generic name is from the Greek meaning "garlic fruit", referring to the smell of the fruit. As of June 2014 The Plant List recognises the single species Scorodocarpus borneensis. The specific epithet borneensis is from the Latin meaning "of Borneo".

## Description

Scorodocarpus borneensis grows as a tree up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 80 centimetres (31 in). The fissured bark is grey to dark red or brown. The flowers are white. The round fruits are green and measure up to 5 cm (2 in) long. The fruits have a garlic smell and are cooked and eaten in Borneo. The tree's durable hard wood is locally used in construction.

## Distribution and habitat

Scorodocarpus borneensis grows naturally in Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, the Lingga Islands, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests, occasionally in seasonally flooded forests.
# Viking, Wisconsin

Viking is an unincorporated community located in the town of Gilman in Pierce County, Wisconsin and the town of Eau Galle in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States.
# Ssanghwa-tang

Ssanghwa-tang (Korean: 쌍화탕; Hanja: 雙和湯) or ssanghwa-cha (쌍화차; 雙和茶) is a traditional Korean tea with deep brown colour and a slightly bitter taste. Along with sipjeondaebotang, it is one of the most popular types of medical tea in Korea.
It is made by boiling down a number of medical herbs such as dried roots of white woodland peony (백작약; 白芍藥; baekjagyak), steamed and dried roots of rehmannia (숙지황; 熟地黃; sukjihwang), dried roots of Mongolian milkvetch (황기; 黃芪; hwanggi), dried roots of Korean angelica (당귀; 當歸; danggwi), dried roots of lovage (천궁; 川芎; cheongung), Chinese cinnamon barks (계피; 桂皮; gyepi), and Chinese liquorice (감초; 甘草; gamcho). However, many people today buy the tea pre-made.

## Efficacy and administration methods

Ssanghwangtang is a herbal bath which was enjoyed in the morning and evening during the Joseon Dynasty. Precautions for use should be consulted with a doctor, pharmacist, etc. before taking it, such as patients with hypertension, heart failure or kidney disorder, edema patients, and patients receiving medical treatment.
# Scheider

Scheider is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Christian Scheider (born 1990), American writer, filmmaker and stage artist
* Cynthia Scheider, American film editor
* Roy Scheider (1932–2008), American actor
* Timo Scheider (born 1978), German race car driver
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Tuscanella

The Diocese of Tuscanella (Latin: Tuscaniensis) was a Latin Church residential bishopric of the Catholic Church, in existence by the 7th century. Even at the time of the Lombard invasions, it belonged to the Duchy of Rome and was immediately subject to the Pope. The seat of the bishop was originally in the church of S. Maria, then in the church of S. Pietro, and after 1592 in the church of S. Giacomo.
On 22 February 852 Pope Leo IV, in the bull Convenit apostolico, addressed to Bishop Virbono, confirmed the jurisdiction of the bishop over the churches and possessions of his diocese. This document is revealing, because it not only describes the towns and parishes dependent on the bishop (including Montalto, Tarquinia and Viterbo), but also details the boundaries of the diocese.
From 1192 the diocese of Tuscanella and the diocese of Viterbo were in personal union (aeque principaliter).
The diocese was suppressed in 1986.
The name, though not the diocesan structure, was revived as the Latin Catholic titular see of Tuscania in 1991.

## Bishops

* Virbonus (attested 595)
* Maurus (attested 649)
* Vitalianus (attested 680)
    Leo (attested 767)
* Aurianus (attested 769)
* Godemundus (attested 826)
* Virbonus (attested 850)
* Joannes (attested 853, 861)
* Petrus (attested 863)
* Gualbertus (attested 875)
* Joannes (attested 876)
* Joannes (attested 896, 901)
* Humbertus (attested 998)
* Joannes (attested 1027)
* Bonizo (attested 1037, 1044)
* Joannes (c. 1048)
* Benedictus (attested 1048, 1049)
* Bonizo (attested 1050)
* Gisilbertus (attested 1059, 1080)
* Riccardus (attested 1086, 1093)
* Guido (attested 1111, 1112)
* Petrus (attested 1126, 1128)
* Nicolaus (attested c. 1140)
* Ludovicus (attested 1142)
* Rodolfus (attested 1143)
* Censius (attested 1149–1179)
* Gottifredus (attested 1184–1188)
* Joannes (1188–1192)
# Višňová

Višňová may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Višňová (Jindřichův Hradec District), a municipality and village in the South Bohemian Region
* Višňová (Liberec District), a municipality and village in the Liberec Region
* Višňová (Příbram District), a municipality and village in the Central Bohemian Region
# Joseph Sullivan (British politician)

Joseph Sullivan (8 September 1866 – 13 February 1935) was a Scottish Labour Party politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1922 to 1924, and from 1926 to 1931.

## Life

Born in Cambuslang to Irish immigrants Bernard and Mary (née Carroll), Sullivan was educated in Bellshill and Newton, before becoming a coal miner. He became active in the Lanarkshire Miners' County Union, serving as its president, and as a full-time agent for the union.
At the 1906 United Kingdom general election, Sullivan stood for the Scottish Workers' Representation Committee in North West Lanarkshire, but was not elected. In 1909, the committee became part of the Labour Party, for which Sullivan stood in North East Lanarkshire at the January 1910 United Kingdom general election, but he was again unsuccessful.
At the 1918 general election, he unsuccessfully contested the North Lanarkshire constituency, but won the seat at the 1922 general election. He was re-elected in 1923, but was defeated at the 1924 general election by the Conservative Party candidate Sir Alexander Sprot.
In 1926 he was returned to the House of Commons as MP for Bothwell, at a by-election following the death of the Labour MP John Robertson. He was re-elected in 1929, but lost the seat at the 1931 general election when the Labour vote collapsed as the party split over its leader Ramsay MacDonald's formation of a National Government.
He died at his home in Mossend, North Lanarkshire on 13 February 1935 aged 68.
# J. F. M. Cannon

John Francis Michael Cannon (22 April 1930 – 31 March 2008) was a British botanist who held the role of Keeper of Botany at the Natural History Museum between 1978 and 1990.
Cannon joined the Department of Botany at the British Museum (Natural History), as it was then known, in October 1952. He was appointed as a scientific officer in the 'General Herbarium', with responsibility for one of the four sections into which the herbarium was divided. These were families 67 (Myrtaceae) to 107 (Asclepiadaceae). The following year he was given responsibility for planning and building a major new botany gallery - the first exhibition to be constructed in the museum following serious bomb damage during the second world war. It reflected a new approach to making museum natural history more accessible to a general audience, and was opened by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother on 31 October 1962 and dismantled 20 years later.
Cannon was made Senior Scientific Officer in 1956; Principal Scientific Officer in 1964, and Keeper of Botany in 1977. He specialised in the study of Apiaceae (Parsley Family), especially African species. Cannon retired from the museum in 1990.
He was president of the Botanical Society of the British Isles from 1983 to 1985.

## Publications

* Cannon, J.F.M.; Bangerter, E.B. (1968). "Plant records from Mull and the adjacent small islands" (PDF). Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles. 7 (3): 365–372. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
* Cannon, J.F.M. (1962). "The new botanical exhibition gallery at the British Museum (Natural History)". Curator. 6: 26–35.
* 'CANNON, John Francis Michael', Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2009; online edn, Nov 2009 accessed 19 May 2011
# Crow Butte

Crow Butte is a uranium mining operation located four miles (6 km) southeast of the city of Crawford in Dawes County, Nebraska, United States. Cameco Corporation owns and operates Crow Butte through its wholly owned subsidiary, Crow Butte Resources, Inc.

## History

Crow Butte was the first uranium mine developed in Nebraska. It was discovered in 1980 and begin production in April 1991. It is a roll-front uranium deposit, mined using in-situ recovery (ISR). Due to weakening of the uranium market, production ceased in 2018. The project is under care and maintenance pending an improvement in uranium prices.

## Description

At Crow Butte, uranium ore is mined in place underground in well fields. Uranium is extracted from basal Chadron Formation sandstone aquifers 400–800 feet (120–240 m) below the surface by the in-situ recovery process. A solution of water, oxygen and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is injected into the orebody, which liberates the uranium from its sandstone host and allows recovery by production wells. The solution is pumped to the surface and uranium is removed at the processing plant. The mine's processing plants and well fields have a licensed capacity of 2 million pounds per year.
During 2015 Crow Butte produced 0.4 million pounds U$_3$O$_8$, 33% less than 2014, due to a declining head grade. Between 2002 and 2015, the Crow Butte operation produced 10.1 million pounds of U$_3$O$_8$.

## Resources

As of 31 December 2019 the measured and indicated resources at Crow Butte were 13.9 million pounds of U$_3$O$_8$ at a grade of 0.25%. The developed uranium deposit at Crow Butte has been progressively depleted by production.

### License expansion

To allow the mine plant to continue operating, three new expansion sites are under application for license review by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, all within several miles of the plant. Material from the three sites would be transported to the central plant at Crow Butte for final processing. In 2015, the Oglala Sioux Tribe lodged six objections with the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board against the expansion of the mine's operating license to include the Marsland Expansion Area (south of the current site), claiming Crow Butte was a sacred site and within their treaty territory. Construction at Marsland create surface disturbance of 600 acres, with future construction disturbing another 1,160 acres.

## Ownership

The Crow Butte facility was originally developed by Wyoming Fuel Corporation in 1986 and subsequently acquired and operated by Ferret Exploration Company of Nebraska. In 1994, Ferret Exploration Company changed its name to Crow Butte Resources, Inc. In 1998 Crow Butte Resources was acquired by Cameco Resources Inc., the U.S. subsidiary of the Canadian company, Cameco Corporation. Cameco is the largest producer of uranium in the US, and accounts for 18% of global uranium production from its mines in Canada, the US and Kazakhstan.
# Scrobipalpa concreta

Scrobipalpa concreta is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in South Africa and the former Orientale Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The wingspan is 15–16 mm (0.59–0.63 in). The forewings are whitish ochreous, sometimes slightly yellowish tinged, variably sprinkled with fuscous and dark fuscous specks, sometimes very slightly, sometimes tending to form several undefined small spots along the costa. There is a dark fuscous dot near the base in the middle, and one slightly beyond it beneath the costa. The stigmata are small, dark fuscous, the plical beneath the first discal. There are sometimes dots of dark fuscous sprinkles around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are pale grey or whitish grey.
# Villanuño de Valdavia

Villanuño de Valdavia is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2022 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 94 inhabitants.