OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ronald Coleridge

Ronald Hamilton Coleridge (27 October 1905 – 1979) was an English first-class cricketer and tea planter in Colonial India.
The son of F. A. Coleridge, he was born in British India at Madanapalle. Coleridge was educated in England at Marlborough College, where he was involved with the cricket, rugby and field hockey teams, in addition to representing the college in racquets. Following the completion of his education, he returned to British India where he became a tea planter. In India, he made two appearances first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Indians in the Madras Presidency Matches of 1926–27 and 1936–37. He scored 38 runs in these two matches, with a highest score of 17. Coleridge served in the Second World War as a lieutenant with the Royal Indian Navy Volunteer Reserve. He later returned to England, where he died at Wallingford in 1979. He was married to Maud Coleridge, a cipher for the Special Operations Executive in the Far-East.
# Senator Sawyer

Senator Sawyer may refer to:

## Members of the United States Senate

* Frederick A. Sawyer (1822–1891), U.S. Senator from South Carolina
* Philetus Sawyer (1816–1900), U.S. Senator from Wisconsin from 1881 to 1893

## United States state senate members

* Enos K. Sawyer (1879–1933), New Hampshire State Senate
* Harry William Sawyer (1880–1962), Nevada State Senate
* Samuel Tredwell Sawyer (1800–1865), North Carolina State Senate
* Thomas C. Sawyer (born 1945), Ohio State Senate
* Timothy T. Sawyer (1817–1905), Massachusetts State Senate
* Tom Sawyer (Maine politician) (born 1949), Maine State Senate
* Vickie Sawyer (born 1970s), North Carolina State Senate
# Romanisation of Telugu

There are several systems for romanisation of the Telugu script.

## Vowels

| Independent | With క (k) | ISO | IPA | Independent | With క (k) | ISO | IPA |
| అ | క (ka) | a | /a/ | ఆ | కా (kā) | ā | /aː/ |
| ఇ | కి (ki) | i | /i/ | ఈ | కీ (kī) | ī | /iː/ |
| ఉ | కు (ku) | u | /u/ | ఊ | కూ (kū) | ū | /uː/ |
| ఋ | కృ (kr̥) | r̥ | /ɾu/ | ౠ | కౄ (kr̥̄) | r̥̄ | /ɾuː/ |
| ఌ | కౢ (kl̥) | l̥ | /lu/ | ౡ | కౣ (kl̥̄) | l̥̄ | /luː/ |
| ఎ | కె (ke) | e | /e/ | ఏ | కే (kē) | ē | /eː/ |
| ఐ | కై (kai) | ai | /aj/ | ఒ | కొ (ko) | o | /o/ |
| ఓ | కో (kō) | ō | /oː/ | ఔ | కౌ (kau) | au | /aw/ |

## Consonants

| ISO | k | kh | g | gh | ṅ | c | ch | j | jh | ñ | ṭ | ṭh | ḍ | ḍh | ṇ | t | th | d | dh | n | ṉ | p | ph | b | bh | m | y | r | ṟ | l | ḷ | ḻ | v | ś | ṣ | s | h |
| IPA | k | kʰ | ɡ | ɡʱ | ŋ | tʃ | tʃʰ | dʒ | dʒʱ | ɲ | ʈ | ʈʰ | ɖ | ɖʱ | ɳ | t | tʰ | d | dʱ | n | n̪ | p | pʰ | b | bʱ | m | j | ɾ | r | l | ɭ | ɻ | ʋ | s | ʂ | s | ɦ |
| Telugu | క | ఖ | గ | ఘ | ఙ | చ | ఛ | జ | ఝ | ఞ | ట | ఠ | డ | ఢ | ణ | త | థ | ద | ధ | న | | ప | ఫ | బ | భ | మ | య | ర | ఱ | ల | ళ | | వ | శ | ష | స | హ |

### Irregular Consonants

| Telugu | ISO 15919 | ITRANS |
| క్ష | kṣa | kSa / kSha / xa |
| జ్ఞ | jña | GYa / j~na |

## Other diacritics

* Virama (్) mutes the vowel of a consonant, so that only the consonant is pronounced. Example: క + ్ → క్ or [ka] + [∅] → [k].
* Anusvara (ం) nasalize the vowels or syllables to which they are attached. Example: క + ం → కం or [ka] + [m] → [kam]
* Candrabindu (ఁ) also nasalize the vowels or syllables to which they are attached. Example: క + ఁ → కఁ or [ka] + [n] → [kan].
* Visarga (ః) adds a voiceless breath after the vowel or syllable it is attached to. Example: క + ః → కః or [ka] + [h] → [kah]

## UN romanisation for geographical names

The United Nations romanisation systems for geographical names (approved 1972, I1/11; amended in 1977 IH/12) was based on a report prepared by D. N. Sharma.
The UN romanisation uses macrons for long vowels ā ī ū, a dot under ṛ for vocalic r, and caron on ĕ and ŏ.
    ka kā ki kī ku kū kṛ kĕ ke kai kŏ ko kau

## ISO

There are differences between the UN system and the ISO transliteration standard ISO 15919: 2001

## ITRANS

ITRANS also has transliteration for Telugu.

## RTS

Used in Vemuri Rao's English-Telugu Dictionary (2002) Rice University's Reverse Transliteration System (RTS) (created by Ramarao Kanneganti and Ananda Kishore) can be used for the transliteration of Telugu into Roman script as an alternative to phonetic alphabet. The RTS is defined below. (1) Represent short vowels by the lower case ..."
* RTS represents short vowels by the lower case English character and long vowels by the corresponding upper case character: అ = a, ఆ = A; etc.
* Unaspirated consonant-vowel pairs are represented by a lower case letter followed by a suitable vowel.
The result is a phonetic representation mostly suitable for dictionaries and computer input methods. Examples:
* vaiDUryaM
* gOmEdhikaM
# Senoklas

Senoklas is a village in the municipality of Madzharovo, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.
# Seguin de Badefol

Seguin de Badefol was a Medieval leader of a large bandit army or routier With 2000 troops he was the head of the largest group of Tard-Venus.

## Private life

He was born in 1330 in the castle of Badefols, the son of Seguin Gontaut de Badefol and Margaret de Bérail, daughter of Arnaud de Cervole he was given the nickname Chopin Badefol.

## Career

He fought at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 and in 1360 after the Treaty of Brétigny, and without employ, in 1361 he led a band of brigands, with Bertucat d'Albret into Languedoc, Roussillon, Toulouse and Rouergue districts. In 1362, with Bertucat he took Montbrun, plundered Saint-Flour then participated with Petit Meschin at the Battle of Brignais against Jacques de Bourbon Count of La Marche. In 1363, refusing to go to Italy with most of the other routiers, he returned to plunder Languedoc area with Meschin, Louis Rabaud, Arnaud du Solis and Espiote, taking Brioude on 13 September.
In 1364, the band devastated the region between Lyon and Mâcon. When Seguin evacuated Clermont under an agreement of 21 May 1364, he did not immediately withdraw to Gascony. Instead he stayed at and became master of the Saône and Rhône region and captured sixty castles, including that of Anse in November 1364. After eight months of occupation, in July 1365 Pope Urban V, gave John II of France a sum of 40,000 florins to pay his company out of the kingdom. To enforce this the pope held his father and brothers as hostages in Avignon. At the end of arguments the Pope paid the Tard-Venus to leave and then excommunicated Badefol around August 1365.
The troops of Seguin Badefol also made raids in Puy, Chaise-Dieu in Clermont, Montferrand, Chilhac, Riom, Nonnette, Issoire, Saint-Bonnet Arsis and ravaged Auvergne. Finally, after holding Brioude for more than a year, Seguin Badefol evacuated for a fee and retired with his treasures to Gascony, his native country.
Here Charles II of Navarre employed him, but while in his service he was poisoned – either with figs at Pamplona in December 1365, or according to historian Germain Butaud, at Falces in February 1366 after eating quince and pears.
# Elizabeth Cohen (disambiguation)

Elizabeth Cohen is an American journalist. Other people with this name include:
* Elizabeth Cohen (engineer), American acoustical engineer
* Elizabeth D. A. Cohen (1820–1921), American physician in Louisiana
* Elizabeth F. Cohen (born 1973), American political scientist
* Shaughnessy Cohen (born Elizabeth Shaughnessy Murray, 1948–1998), Canadian politician
* Betty Comden (born Basya Cohen; 1917–2006), American dramatist, screenwriter, librettist, and songwriter
# Elizabeth Coit

Elizabeth (sometimes spelled Elisabeth) Coit FAIA (1892 - 1987) was an American architect. Her career was devoted to housing in the public sector.

## Biography

Coit was born in Winchester, Massachusetts in 1892. She graduated from Radcliffe College in 1911, attended the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and received her Bachelor of Architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1919. After graduation, she worked as a drafter, designer, and drafting supervisor at the office of Grosvenor Atterbury, and in 1926, she became a licensed architect in New York State. She began working part-time on her own projects while still employed by Grosvenor Atterbury, and opened her own firm in New York City in 1930, which she ran until 1942. Her office designed houses mainly for women outside of the city and for businesses in the state.
In 1941, she published "Design and Construction of the Dwelling Unit for the Low-Income Family," which was a study about low-income housing in the United States. From 1942 - 1947, she was the technical standards editor for the United States Housing Authority's Public Housing Design in Washington, D.C., followed by a research position at Mayer and Whittersley from 1947 - 1948. In 1948, she became the principal planner for the New York City Housing Authority, where she worked until her retirement in 1962. Even in retirement she continued to serve as an adviser for government and private housing organizations. In 1973, she was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician.
Coit contributed to numerous pamphlets about housing, was a book reviewer for the Architectural Record, and in 1968, became the editor for the New York Metropolitan Chapter of the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials. She was the first woman to receive Langley Award from the American Institute of Architects (AIA). She was elected as a Fellow of the AIA in 1955, and received a Pioneer in Architecture from the New York Chapter of the AIA in 1969.

## Awards and honors

* Better Homes in America Small House Architectural Competition (1932)
* Langley Award, American Institute of Architects (1938-1940)
* Pioneer in Architecture award, American Institute of Architects New York Chapter (1969)
* Honorary Degree, Wilson College (1969)

## Works
### Buildings

Some of her buildings are:
* Anna B. Van Nort House, Croton Heights, N.Y. (1932)
* Cafeteria, Consumer's Cooperative Service, Inc., 136 E. 44th St., New York City (ca. 1939)
* Philip Maguire House, Shrub Oaks, N.Y. (ca. 1940)
* Winslow Sommaripa House, Boyce, VA. (not dated)

### Writings

Some of her writings are:
* "Housing from Tenant's Viewpoint." Architectural Record 91 (April 1942): 71–84.
* "Notes on the Design and Construction of the Dwelling Units for the Lower Income Family." The Octagon (1941):10-30, and (November 1941): 7-22
* "A Plea for More Space." CHPC Housing News 9, no. 3 (January 1951):3.
* Report on Family Living in High Apartment Buildings. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1965.
* "Terra Cotta in Manuta, 1444 A.D." Atlantic Terra Cotta 7, no. 4 (some photos and drawings by Coit).
# Rory Palmer

Rory Palmer (born 19 November 1981) is a British politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the East Midlands from 2017 to 2020. A member of the Labour Party, he was also the Labour candidate in the 2024 Leicestershire Police and Crime Commissioner election.

## Early life and career

Palmer was born on born 19 November 1981. He attended Hartland School in Worksop, Nottinghamshire. He studied Social Policy at the University of York from 2000 to 2003.
Palmer briefly worked for the Institute for Public Policy Research as a research assistant, before working for nearly five years as a parliamentary assistant to the Labour MPs John Mann and Peter Soulsby. Having first been elected for the Labour Party as a councillor for the Eyres Monsell ward of Leicester City Council in May 2007, he became one of the council's deputy mayors in May 2011.
Palmer worked as senior policy, public affairs and campaigns manager at the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association. After leaving the European Parliament, he became network lead for the Trussell Trust East Midlands.

## Political career

In the 2010 general election, he unsuccessfully stood as the Labour Party candidate in the Bosworth constituency in Leicestershire. In the 2014 European Parliament election, he was second on the Labour party list in the East Midlands constituency but was not elected. After the Labour MEP Glenis Willmott announced in July 2017 that she would stand down in October of that year, Palmer succeeded her and became an MEP. He remained in this role, being elected in his own right at the 2019 election, until the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU on 31 January 2020.
Palmer is a member of the Fabian Society and spent two years on the Executive Committee of the Society from 2019 to 2021. In the 2024 England and Wales police and crime commissioner elections, Palmer was Labour's candidate for Leicestershire, coming second.
# Elliot McAdam

Elliot Arthur McAdam AM (1951 – 5 August 2024) was an Australian politician, serving as the Labor Party (ALP) member for Barkly in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2008.
Born in Elliott, Northern Territory, McAdam was the general manager of the Julalikari Aboriginal Council before entering the Assembly. First elected in 2001, McAdam was re-elected in 2005 and appointed Minister for Local Government and Housing. His portfolio was extended to include Central Australia, Corporate and Information Services and Communications in September 2006. McAdam resigned from the ministry in 2008 after one of his local government reorganisation initiatives was abandoned by the Henderson Government. He retired in 2008.
McAdam unsuccessfully contested Barkly as an independent at the 2016 election, losing to his successor Gerry McCarthy.
McAdam died on 5 August 2024, at the age of 72. A state memorial was held in Alice Springs on 12 September 2024 to honour him and former NT Chief Minister Clare Martin remembered him as "a man of principle and integrity" who "genuinely cared".

## Honours

McAdam was appointed Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours "for significant service to the community of Barkly, and to the Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory."
# Rose/House

Rose/House is a 2023 science fiction mystery novella by American author Arkady Martine. It was first published by Subterranean Press.

## Synopsis

When architect Basit Desiau died, his will stated that all his many artistic and cultural treasures were to be kept within his final creation, Rose House, a superintelligent smart home in the Mojave desert — and that the only person who would ever be allowed inside was his estranged former student, Seline Gisil, who could visit for up to 7 days per year.
In accordance with legislation regarding duty of care from artificial intelligences, Rose House has just notified local police that a dead body has been unattended within its premises for more than 24 hours. Selene Gisil would be the obvious suspect, except that she has been in Turkey for over a month. Now detective Maritza Smith must figure out how someone could have been killed within Rose House, where no one — including herself — is ever granted access.

## Reception

Rose/House was a finalist for the 2024 Hugo Award for Best Novella.
Publishers Weekly called it "staggering", and "a twisted cathedral of story" that is filled with "equal parts beauty and a creeping, inescapable sense of wrongness", comparing it to "Shirley Jackson's Hill House as designed by Frank Gehry." James Nicoll likewise drew parallels with Hill House, and emphasized that although Rose/House is "a homage, [it] is in no sense derivative": "Having read [The Haunting of Hill House] may provide insight into the character of Rose House's AI. It will not provide any foreshadowing of the events that play out."
# Semiembossed film

Semiembossed film is used as a liner to the calendared rubber to retain the properties of rubber and also to prevent dust and other foreign matters from sticking to the rubber while calendaring and during storage. It is manufactured with 100% virgin low-density polyethylene. The raw material is extruded and cast on the embossed roll and cooled. It can be of any color. Milky white, French blue, red and yellow are standard colors. The diamond-shaped embossing in the film helps in the easy removal of air between the film and the rubber. Semiembossed film is used by tyre manufacturers, tread and bonding gum manufacturers, conveyor belt manufacturers and other rubber coated fabric manufacturers.

## Film embossing process

Film embossing is a mechanical process in which a flat film is transformed into an embossed product. During the process, thermal and stress fields are applied to the polymer, causing changes in the microstructure and physical dimensions of the material. The engineering analysis of the process requires the study of various aspects relating to the characterization of the microstructure before and after embossing, A variety of techniques were employed to characterize the properties and microstructure of the embossed film in relation to crystallinity, orientation, mechanical properties, and dimensions of the embossed films. The thermal treatment of the polymer film was shown to be the most significant factor in the process. By controlling the thermal treatment of the film, it is possible to manipulate the properties and dimensions of the embossed film. The important aspects: influencing thermal treatment include the radiation heater temperature, preheat roll temperature, line velocity, and film thickness. The initial film orientation and embossing pressure have a minor effect on the final properties of the embossed film. The main effect of the embossing pressure is on the bulk thickness of the embossed film.
# Rondani

Rondani is an Italian surname. Notable people having this name include:
* Camillo Rondani, (1808–1879), an Italian entomologist noted for his studies of Diptera
* Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani (1490–1550), Italian painter of the Parmesan school of painting
* Dino Rondani (1868-1951), an Italian socialist politician, lawyer and parliamentarian
# Rondae

Rondae may refer to:
* Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, American-Jordanian basketball player
* Dorcadion rondae, a synonym for Iberodorcadion mus, a species of beetle
* Erysimum rondae, a species of flowering plant
# Elizabeth Lewis Otey

Elizabeth Lewis Otey (1880–1974) was an American economist and suffragist.

## Biography

Otey née Lewis was born on October 4, 1880, in Lynchburg, Virginia. She was the daughter of the suffragist Elizabeth Langhorne Lewis and John Henry Lewis. She attended preparatory school at Randolph-Macon Woman's College, where she later returned for her higher education, in addition to Bryn Mawr College. She earned a doctorate in economics from the University of Berlin. She went on to author reports on labor and employment for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the United States Department of Commerce and Labor.
In 1910 Otey became a member of the Lynchburg Equal Suffrage League, which was founded by her mother Elizabeth Langhorne Lewis. The same year she married Dexter Otey on June 4, 1910 with whom she had one child named Elizabeth Lewis Otey Watson, born in 1911.
Otey was a member of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia as well as serving in the Congressional Union for Women Suffrage and the Virginia National Woman's Party. She marched in the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession and in 1916 attended the Republican State Convention to advocate for the party's endorsement of woman suffrage.
After the ratification of the Nineteenth amendment in 1920 Otey ran for the statewide office of superintendent of public instruction. She won the Republican party's nomination, but lost the election. In 1931 Otey ran for the Virginia House of Delegates as a Socialist. In 1933 she ran for United States Senate, again as a Socialist against the incumbent Harry F. Byrd and lost.
In 1933, Otey went on to work for the Social Security Administration and the Foreign Economic Administration. She published a study in 1940 called “ An Outline for Foreign Social insurance and Assistance laws.” She retired in 1948.
Otey died on February 28, 1974, in Lynchburg.
In 2018 the Virginia Capitol Foundation announced that Otey's name would be on the Virginia Women's Monument's glass Wall of Honor.
# Nobunao

Nobunao (written: 信直 or 信復) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Matsudaira Nobunao (松平 信復) (1719–1768), Japanese daimyō
* Nanbu Nobunao (南部 信直) (1546–1599), Japanese daimyō
# Richard Rhodes (police commissioner)

Richard Rhodes (born 20 April 1942) is a British politician and former teacher. From 2012 to 2016, he was the Conservative Cumbria Police and Crime Commissioner.

## Early life and education

Rhodes was born on 20 April 1942. He was educated at Rossall School, a private school in Rossall, Lancashire. He studied at St John's College, Durham, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) from the University of Durham in 1963.

## Political career

On 15 November 2012, Rhodes was elected the Police and Crime Commissioner for Cumbria Constabulary; he stood as the Conservative Party candidate. He is the first person to hold the post, and defeated Labour candidate Patrick Leonard. In September 2015, he announced that he would not be seeking a second term and would stand down at the May 2016 PCC election.
He did not seek re-election in the 2016 PCC elections and was succeeded by Peter McCall.

## Controversy

In April 2013 the Cumberland and Westmorland Herald newspaper ran a story about Richard Rhodes's spending of £700 on a chauffeur for two evening engagements in the Lake District in January and February. Four days after publication, Cumbria police arrested a number of Cumbria police staff over the alleged 'leak'. In October 2013 the Crown Prosecution Service announced that no criminal proceedings would be taken against one of the 'whistleblowers', Mrs Irene Brown. (who was not allowed back in to her police staff role). He was forced to pay this money back when it appeared in the press, but was not prosecuted for theft and was allowed to remain in his position as commissioner despite misuse of public funds.
# Darling Township

Darling Township may refer to:
* Darling Township, Ontario, Canada
* Darling Township, Morrison County, Minnesota, U.S.
* Darling Township, Muskogee County, Oklahoma, U.S.
# Gorn (surname)

Gorn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lev Gorn (born 1971), Russian–American actor
* Saul Gorn (1912–1992), American computer scientist
* Steve Gorn (born 1987), American flautist and saxophonist
* Walter Gorn (1898–1968), German general in World War II