OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spirit of 76 (pinball)

Spirit of 76 is a pinball game designed by Ed Krynski and Wayne Neyens and released in 1975 by Gottlieb. The pinball machine should not be confused with the pinball machine The Spirit of '76 by Mirco Games, Inc.
Two other versions of this pinball machine were released in 1976: Pioneer - a two-player version and New York - a special 2-player Add-a-ball version in celebration of the 1976 lifting of the ban of pinball in New York City.

## Description

The pinball game Spirit of 76 was made to celebrate the 200th birthday of the United States. The backbox of the machine has art from America's heroes. The red white and blue theme dominates the game. Minutemen, covered wagons and rockets are displayed on the playfield. Stars and stripes, representing the flag of the United States, are on the side of the table. The playfield has an uncommon layout in its lack of a spinner and omission of kickers above the flippers; relying instead on a pair of passive rubber bumpers.

## Digital version

The table was virtually recreated in pinball simulation video game, Microsoft Pinball Arcade.
# Joseph-Henri Guiguet

Sous Lieutenant Joseph-Henri Guiguet (10 March 1891 – 28 October 1979) was a French World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories.

## Biography

Guiguet began his mandatory military service on 10 October 1912. In December he was assigned to aviation duty. Originally an observer cum photographer, he was forwarded for pilot's training. On 24 May 1915, he was granted Military Pilot's Brevet No. 968 and assigned to Escadrille 94.
Guiguet was one of the earliest balloon busters, destroying one for his first victory on 22 May 1916; at the time, he was flying a Nieuport for Escadrille 95. After three more victories over enemy airplanes while piloting a Nieuport with Escadrille 3, he was wounded on 23 May 1917. Finally, over a year later, when he was in Escadrille 167, he shared a victory with Bernard Barny de Romanet and became an ace. He ended the war with the Croix de Guerre and Médaille militaire. Postwar, he was made a Chevalier in the Legion d'honneur. On 30 November 1919, he was promoted to lieutenant.

## Sources of information

* 1 2 The Aerodrome website http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/france/guiguet.php Retrieved on 2 May 2010.
* 1 2 Franks & Bailey (1992), pp. 169–170.
* ↑ Guttman (2002), p. 20.
# Semigroupoid

In mathematics, a semigroupoid (also called semicategory, naked category or precategory) is a partial algebra that satisfies the axioms for a small category, except possibly for the requirement that there be an identity at each object. Semigroupoids generalise semigroups in the same way that small categories generalise monoids and groupoids generalise groups. Semigroupoids have applications in the structural theory of semigroups.
Formally, a semigroupoid consists of:
* a set of things called objects.
* for every two objects A and B a set Mor(A,B) of things called morphisms from A to B. If f is in Mor(A,B), we write f : A → B.
* for every three objects A, B and C a binary operation Mor(A,B) × Mor(B,C) → Mor(A,C) called composition of morphisms. The composition of f : A → B and g : B → C is written as g ∘ f or gf. (Some authors write it as fg.)
such that the following axiom holds:
# People's Party of Dominica

The People's Party of Dominica (P-POD) is a political party in the Commonwealth of Dominica.

## Background

P-POD is a political party in the Commonwealth of Dominica. It was founded on November 3, 2015, by Sapphire Carrington (formerly Claudine Williams). The party is Centre-Right on the political spectrum. It did not contest either the 2019 Dominican general election or the 2022 Dominican general election.
P-POD has previously worked for youth development by conducting grassroots organization efforts, educational activities, and electoral campaigns throughout the island.

## History

This political movement began in the summer of 2015. P-POD became an official political party by the fall of the same year. The policy platform of the People's Party of Dominica outlines their positions on a variety of issues and the actions its leadership will take to implement them once elected. P-POD aims to promote equity, participation, pluralism, transparency, accountability, and the rule of law.

## Structure and composition

The People's Party has two local committees:
* The People's National Committee (PNC). The PNC motto is "Progress is Everyone's Business". The PNC is composed of nominated members from every village in Dominica and the Diaspora. Three Co-chairs, a Secretary, and a Treasurer oversee the daily operations of this committee. The PNC conducts most of its business virtually. It is scheduled to begin holding National Meetings to conduct business in person quarterly at strategic locations on the island.
* The Orange Parliamentarians Campaign Committee (OPCC). Their tagline is "Building Momentum Moving Forward". The OPCC provides a platform to inspire positive action and to help the people of Dominica. The OPCC does this by taking economic action, having sustainable goals, using proven systems, and creating deep-rooted policies.

## Geographic distribution

P-POD has its strongest popular support throughout the Roseau constituency and Mahaut constituency, with small pockets throughout the island. P-POD's caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists.
* 1 2 3 "People's Party of Dominica on Instagram". Instagram. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
* ↑ "PLATFORM | ppod". 2021-04-19. Archived from the original on 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
# The Last Coupon

The Last Coupon is a 1932 British comedy film directed by Frank Launder and starring Leslie Fuller, Mary Jerrold and Molly Lamont. It was based on a play by Ernest Bryan and was a success at the box office. It was shot at the Elstree Studios of British International Pictures near London. The film's sets were designed by the art director Duncan Sutherland.

## Plot summary

A coal miner believes he has won the football pools and radically alters his spending habits only to find he has forgotten to post his coupon.

## Cast

* Leslie Fuller as Bill Carter
* Mary Jerrold as Polly Carter
* Molly Lamont as Betty Carter
* Binnie Barnes as Mrs Meredith
* Gus McNaughton as Lord Bedlington
* Jack Hobbs as Doctor Sinclair
* Harry Carr as Jocker
* Jimmy Godden as Geordie Bates
* Marian Dawson as Mrs Bates
* Hal Gordon as Rusty Walker
# Journal of Special Operations Medicine

The Journal of Special Operations Medicine is the official journal of the Special Operations Medical Association. The journal provides peer-reviewed articles with a focus on unconventional and operational medicine, including tactical casualty care, and the practice of medicine in the remote and austere environment. It is considered a valuable resource bringing experts in various allied fields together.

## History

The journal was established in 2001 at the behest of the Command Surgeon's Office of the Special Operations Command US Military. Originally published by the United States Department of Defense, it passed to a private publisher in 2011.
The journal has a shared science program with the journal Wilderness & Environmental Medicine produced by the Wilderness Medical Society, resulting in shared article publications.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Embase.
# Lucapinella callomarginata

Lucapinella callomarginata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.
# Sphingobacterium shayense

Sphingobacterium shayense is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from forest soil from a Populus euphratica forest in Xinjiang in China.
# Joseph Riddle

Joseph Riddle may refer to:
* Joseph Esmond Riddle (1804–1859), English cleric, scholar and lexicographer
* Joseph Riddle Jr. (1918–1943), United States Navy officer
# Ixcuinquitlapilco

Ixcuinquitlapilco is a community in the municipality of San Agustín Tlaxiaca in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. It is located west of the municipal capital, and approximately 25 km away from Pachuca, the state capital.

## History

It is assumed the site was first inhabited around the year 3000 B.C., first by the Toltecs, and afterwards by the Mexicas. Archeological sites exist in the four cardinal points of the community, which indicate a cosmological vision and possible ritual in the location of the settlement.
The Church of Saint Matthew the Apostle is located in the centre of the community. It is a seventeenth century archaeological monument and the primary attraction of visitors to Ixcuinquitlapilco. In the Victorian colony belonging to this community, one can find the established estate of Temoaya, which dates to the eighteenth century and was originally used as for farming and cattle raising, having characteristic elements of the estates of the times of Porfiriato, with a granary, warehouses, a reservoir for water, and a house for the foreman.

## Description

Ixcuinquitlapilco is situated 2,260m above sea level. The area is made up of mountains, hills, plains, and farmland. The climate is temperate cold semidesert.

## People

As of the 2005 census, the community had a population of 2,979. The community's inhabitants are employed in the fields of agriculture and livestock farming, as well as in more commercial pursuits.

## Education

The community contains a preschool, a primary school, and a Telesecundaria high school, along with different community courses in other neighbourhoods and colonies.

## Government

The city is represented by a municipal delegate, a conciliatory judge, district judges and commissioners. Ejidatarios (former landowners, or people who lease the land from the government) of the community are represented by the President of the Edijal Commission ("the Commissioner of Communal Lands") and the Supervisory Board.

## Coat of arms

Ixcuinquitlapilco's coat of arms is a dog lying with a lowered tail, above three aligned hills. Its description is: "Between the tail of a dog."
# Per

Per is a Latin preposition which means "through" or "for each", as in per capita.
Per or PER may also refer to:

## Places

* IOC country code for Peru
* Pér, a village in Hungary
* Chapman code for Perthshire, historic county in Scotland

## Math and statistics

* Rate (mathematics), ratio between quantities in different units, described with the word "per"
* Price–earnings ratio, in finance, a measure of growth in earnings
* Player efficiency rating, a measure of basketball player performance
* Partial equivalence relation, class of relations that are symmetric and transitive
* Physics education research

## Science

* Perseus (constellation), standard astronomical abbreviation
* Period (gene) or per that regulates the biological clock and its corresponding protein PER
* Protein efficiency ratio, of food
* PER or peregrinibacteria, a candidate bacterial phylum

## Media and entertainment

* PeR (band), a Latvian pop band
* Per (film), a 1975 Danish film

## Transport

* IATA code for Perth Airport in Western Australia
* National Rail station code for Penrhiwceiber railway station, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales

## Other

* Per (given name), a Scandinavian form of Peter
* Per (storm), a storm in Sweden, in January 2007
* Packed Encoding Rules, in computing, an ASN.1 wire format
* Per sign
# Gujar, Nepal

Gujar is a village development committee in Baitadi District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,567 and had 475 houses in the town.
# Viirapalu

Viirapalu is a settlement in Antsla Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia.
# Tvrdojevac

Tvrdojevac is a village in the municipality of Ub, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 323 people.
# Lucar

The Lucar was an English automobile manufactured in Brixton, London, from 1913 until 1914. It featured a 4-cylinder, 9 hp, 1093 cc Aster engine and electric lamps. It was manufactured by Lucar London, Limited.
# Satin, Texas

Satin is an unincorporated community in Falls County, Texas, United States, four miles from Chilton. Satin is located in the northern part of the county, on Farm to Market Road 434.

## History

Satin was established in 1872 after a sawmill was built near the current site, on Cow Bayou. The population grew when the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway built tracks there between 1889 and 1892. Before Satin, the town was previously named Laguna and Cedar Point. Satin was supposedly the name of a railroad employee once a post office, which is still running today, was established in 1917. The population peaked at 200 residents in 1931, but dropped afterwards and fell to 86 by 2000.
# Rolf Nyboe Nettum

Rolf Nyboe Nettum (17 June 1919 – 20 January 2010) was a Norwegian literary historian and professor at the University of Oslo.

## Biography

He grew up at Sandviksåsen in Sandvika, where he was a neighbor of polar explorer Otto Sverdrup (1854–1930).
Nettum attended upper secondary school at Stabekk. He later became a student at the University of Oslo, but during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany (1940–1945) he was arrested on 30 November 1943, as a part of the general crackdown that followed the University of Oslo fire. He was imprisoned near Stavern before being transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp on 7 January 1944. He was later transferred to Sennheim concentration camp, then back to Buchenwald before being released on 20 December 1944.
In the spring of 1948, Rolf Nettum submitted his dissertation En undersølelse av Hans E. Kincks livssyn. He was a guest lecturer at the University of Chicago from 1951 to 1953. He then moved back to Norway and was a literary critic in the newspaper Aftenposten from 1954 to 1964. In 1958 he was also hired at the University of Oslo. He remained here until his retirement in 1986, being a professor for the last years.
Nettum took the dr.philos. degree in 1970 on a thesis about Knut Hamsun. He came to be cited as one of the central Hamsun researchers in Norway. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
His most important releases are Hans E. Kincks livssyn in 1949 about Hans E. Kinck, Konflikt og visjon in 1970 about Knut Hamsun, Fantasiens regnbuebro in 1992 about Henrik Wergeland and Christen Pram: Norges første romanforfatter in 2001 about Christen Pram. He also co-authored volume four of Norges litteraturhistorie, published in 1975. It was written together with Bjarte Birkeland and Per Amdam, and edited by Edvard Beyer.

## Personal life

In 2008 Nettum released the autobiography Med litteratur gjennom livet. His preferred standard of writing was Riksmål. He resided in Høvik. He died in January 2010 at Rykkinn, having suffered from a stroke in October 2009.
# Särskilda inhämtningsgruppen

Särskilda inhämtningsgruppen, SIG (Special Reconnaissance Group) was one of the two Swedish special operations units and was created in 2007, when it broke out of the Swedish Parachute Ranger School. The exact number of operatives was classified but is thought to have been between 50 and 70, with an average age of 30. SIG was deployed for clandestine surveillance and reconnaissance. The aim was to gather intelligence on activities, certain individuals, or anything of strategic importance. The difference between SIG and more regular ISTAR and reconnaissance units was that missions undertaken by SIG were more dangerous. Missions undertaken by SIG required its operators to covertly infiltrate and move inside hostile territory for long periods without detection.
The SSG and the SIG merged in 2011 as Särskilda operationsgruppen (Special Operations Group, SOG).
# Crashing Through (film)

Crashing Through is a 1928 American silent Western film directed by Tom Buckingham and starring Jack Padjan, Sally Rand, and Tom Santschi.

## Cast

* Jack Padjan as Tex Belden
* Sally Rand as Rita Bayne
* William Eugene as Jim Bayne
* Buster Gardner as Slim
* Tom Santschi as Bart Ramy
* Duke R. Lee as Sheriff
# Isaac Miller

Isaac Miller (born 21 June 1994) is a Scottish professional rugby union player who is currently playing for London Irish in Premiership Rugby. His regular playing position is hooker.
Miller played rugby for Loughborough Students RUFC whilst studying Sports Science at Loughborough University, and has also captained the side, in their National League 1 campaign. Miller has also played for Scotland at Under-20 level and Edinburgh at U18 level.
Miller's senior career took flight after being scouted by London Scottish Director of Rugby, Dave Morris. After signing for Scottish, Miller had a successful spell playing in the RFU Championship over the 2017/2018 RFU Championship rugby season. An outstanding debut season for the young Hooker, sparked interest from Aviva Premiership side Worcester Warriors. Worcester signed Miller on 20 February 2018. Joining the club at the end of the 2017/18 RFU Championship season.
# Villafranca Piemonte

Villafranca Piemonte is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 km southwest of Turin.
Villafranca Piemonte borders the following municipalities: Vigone, Pancalieri, Cavour, Faule, Moretta, Barge, and Cardè.

## Economy

Villafranca's economy was traditionally based on fishing; today the main activities are agriculture and animal husbandry.

## Twin towns

* Belhomert-Guéhouville, France
* El Trébol, Argentina
* Saint-Maurice-Saint-Germain, France
# Jula (name)

Jula may refer to the following people

## Given name

* Jula (singer) (Julita Fabiszewska, born 1991), Polish singer and songwriter
* Jula De Palma (born 1931), Italian singer

## Surname

* Emil Jula (1980–2020), Romanian football player
* Vasile Jula (born 1974), Romanian football player
# Lucien-Pierre Sergent

Lucien-Pierre Sergent (8 June 1849 – 1904) was a French academic painter. He was known for his military art.

## Early life

Sergent was born in 1849 at Massy in the Seine-et-Oise department.
He was known as a student of Vauchelet Pils and Jean-Paul Laurens.

## Career

His 1874 painting, Le dernier effort à la porte Ballan, fin de la bataille de Sedan 1re septembre 1870 was purchased by the French government. It was installed at Prytanée National Militaire in the city of La Flèche.
His 1888 painting The Battles of Vicksburg, was a 360° panorama of the land and naval battles of Vicksburg in 1863 during the American Civil War. The work was completed and first exhibited in Paris; and it was subsequently shown in New York City, Chicago and San Francisco before it was installed in Tokyo.
# Satyrium favonius

Satyrium favonius, the oak hairstreak or southern hairstreak, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the United States from southern New England and the Atlantic Coast south to peninsular Florida and west to central Illinois, south-eastern Colorado and the Gulf Coast.
The wingspan is 22–38 mm.
The larvae feed on the leaves, buds and male catkins of Quercus species. The species overwinters as an egg.
# Rolf Nyhus

Rolf Nyhus (born 9 July 1942) is a Norwegian sports administrator and football referee.
He was a FIFA referee from 1969 to 1985, refereeing two matches in the 1974 and 1982 World Cup qualifying as well as matches in the 1972, 1976 and 1980 European Championship qualifying In club football, he officiated UEFA competition matches such as Champions League (5), Cup Winners Cup (6) and UEFA Cup (10). He was the referee of 1971 Norwegian Football Cup Final between Rosenborg and Fredrikstad, and himself represented the club Nordstrand IF.
He worked as a sales director in Bama and was secretary-general in the Association for the Promotion of Skiing. As such, he administered the Holmenkollen ski festival, the 1982 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, the 1986 Biathlon World Championships and the 1987 Winter Deaflympics and worked with the bid for the 2011 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. His nickname was "the Kollen general". He received the Medal of St. Hallvard and became a member of the gentlemen's skiing club SK Ull.
# Rusty carpetshark

The rusty carpetshark (Parascyllium ferrugineum) is a carpetshark of the family Parascylliidae found off southern Australia between latitudes 31°S and 41°S near the ocean floor on the continental shelf. It inhabits rocky reefs and seagrass beds 5–150 m (16–492 ft) in depth by night, hiding in caves by day. Its length is up to 80 cm (2.6 ft) TL and it feeds on crustaceans and molluscs. Reproduction is oviparous, with pups being born at 17 cm (6.7 in) in length.
# Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler

The Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) is free software available through the Eclipse Foundation. Originally developed by IBM Research, STEM is a framework and development tool designed to help scientists create and use spatial and temporal models of infectious disease. STEM uses a component software architecture based on the OSGi standard. The Eclipse Equinox platform is a reference implementation of that standard. By using a component software architecture, all of the components or elements required for a disease model, including the code and the data are available as software building blocks that can be independently exchanged, extended, reused, or replaced. These building blocks or plug-ins are called eclipse "plug-ins" or "extensions". STEM plug-ins contain denominator data for administrative regions of interest. The regions are indexed by standard (ISO3166) codes.
STEM currently includes a large number of plug-ins for the 244 countries and dependent areas defined by the Geographic Coding Standard maintained by the International Organization for Standardization. These plug-ins contain global data including geographic data, population data, demographics, and basic models of disease. The disease models distributed with STEM include epidemiological compartment models. Other plug-ins describe relationships between regions including nearest-neighbor or adjacency relationships as well as information about transportation, such as connections by roads and a model of air transportation.
Relationships between regions can then be included in models of how a disease spreads from place to place. To accomplish this, STEM represents the world as a "graph". The nodes in the graph correspond to places or regions, and the edges in the graph describe relationships or connections between regions. Both the nodes and the edges can be labeled or "decorated" with a variety of denominator data and models. This graphical representation is implemented using the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF). Since a model can be built up using separate subgraphs, STEM enables model composition. Predefined subgraphs defining different countries can be assembled with a drag and drop interface. New disease vectors can simply be added to existing models by augmenting the model with a new set of edges. The architecture also supports collaboration as users can not only create new models and compose new scenarios but also exchange these models and scenarios as reusable components and thereby build on each other's work. As an open source project, users are encouraged to create their own plug-ins (both data and models) and, if appropriate, to contribute their work back to the project.