OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Freusburg

The Freusburg is a castle high above the Sieg Valley, which also gives its name to a village (Freusburg Siedlung). It lies between Mudersbach and Kirchen and has belonged since 1969 to the town of Kirchen. Before that, Freusburg was a self-governing municipality. In earlier times the location had its own court of justice.
Freusburg was first mentioned in the year 913, under the name "Fruodeesbraderofanc" (Bifanc of Fruodberg). "Bifanc" signifies a court holding or lord's headquarters. The first documented citation dates from the year 1048.
The castle itself is believed to have been built around 1100. It was first mentioned by name in connection with the division of an estate in 1247. About 1580, Count Henry IV renovated the castle. In 1896, it came into the possession of the Prussian Forstfiskus, and served for years as a forest house.
The castle and grounds have been used since 1928 as a youth hostel. Over time, modifications to keep up with the times became necessary. On October 23, 1986, after a complete renovation, it was ceremonially reopened by German President Richard von Weizsäcker. At about 60,000 overnight stays a year, it ranks with the most visited youth hostels in Germany.
Freusburg provides an excellent view of the surrounding woods and of the Sieg Valley and Freusburg Mill.
50°49′36″N 7°52′52″E﻿ / ﻿50.82667°N 7.88111°E﻿ / 50.82667; 7.88111
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# Preliminary discourse

A Preliminary discourse may be prefixed to any publication and may refer to:
* Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot
* Preliminary Discourse to AlKoran
# Chief experimental officer

A chief experimental officer (CEO) is the head of an experimental organization, especially in the military or civil service.
Chief Experimental Officer has been the topmost class in the Experimental Officer Class of the British Civil Service.
# San Antonio de los Buenos

San Antonio de los Buenos is a borough of the municipality of Tijuana in Baja California, Mexico.
San Antonio de los Buenos borough lies southwest of the city center and Sánchez Taboada boroughs and east of Playas de Tijuana. Blvd. de los Fundadores and Periférico are major thoroughfares. Monte San Antonio lies in this borough and it's the highest part of Tijuana, so high that most TV and Radio anthennas for the largest broadcasting networks in Mexico have installations there as well as some US ones.
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# Jean-Louis Hamon

Jean-Louis Hamon (5 May 1821 – 29 May 1874) was a French painter.

## Biography

Hamon was born at Plouha, in today's Côtes-d'Armor département, in France. At an early age he was intended for the priesthood, and placed under the care of the brothers Lamennais, but his strong desire to become a painter finally triumphed over family opposition, and in 1840 he left Plouha for Paris—his sole resources being a pension of five hundred francs, granted him for one year only by the municipality of his native town.
At Paris Hamon received valuable advice and encouragement from Paul Delaroche and Charles Gleyre, and in 1848 he made his debut at the Salon with Le Tombeau du Christ (Musée de Marseille), and a decorative work, Dessus de Porte. The works which he exhibited in 1849, Une Affiche romaine, L'Égalité au sérail, and Perroquet jasant avec deux jeunes filles, obtained no marked success.
His lack of success led Hamon to accept a job as a designree in the Sèvres porcelein factory, but an enamelled casket designed by him attracted notice at the London International Exhibition of 1851. He received a medal, and, inspired by his success, left his post to try his chances again at the Salon of 1852. "La Comédie humaine", which he then exhibited, turned the tide of his fortune, and Ma sœur n'y est pas (purchased by the emperor Napoleon III) obtained for its author a third-class medal in 1853. At the Paris International Exhibition of 1855, when Hamon re-exhibited the casket of 1851, together with several vases and pictures of which L'Amour et son troupeau, Ce n'est pas moi, and Une Gardeuse d'enfants were the most important, he received a second class medal and the ribbon of the legion of honor.
In the following year he was absent in the East, and in 1857 he reappeared with Boutique à quatre sous, Papillon enchaîné, Cantharide esclave, Dévideuses, etc., in all ten pictures; L'Amour en visite was contributed to the Salon of 1859, and Vierge de Lesbos, Tutelle, La Volière, L'Escamoteur and La Sœur aînée were all seen in 1861.
Hamon spent some time in Italy, chiefly at Capri, whence in 1864 he sent to Paris L'Aurore and Un Jour de fiançailles. The influence of Italy was also evident in Les Muses à Pompéi, his sole contribution to the Salon of 1866, a work which enjoyed great popularity and was re-exhibited at the International Exhibition of 1867, together with, La Promenade and six other pictures of previous years. His last work, Le Triste Rivage, appeared at the Salon of 1873. It was painted at Saint-Raphaël, where Hamon had finally settled in a little house on the shores of the Mediterranean, close by Alphonse Karr's famous garden. In this house he died on 29 May 1874.

## Eponyms

A school in his home town of Plouha was named after him, and a monument was erected to him by the Blues of Brittany.

## Gallery

* Jean-Louis Hamon
* Jean-Louis Hamon (self portrait)
* Portrait of Auguste Toulmouche
* La Comédie humaine (1852)
* Old China Shop (Pompeii)
* Entomologist (Design for a Fan)
# Tournoi de France

The Tournoi de France (French, 'Tournament of France') was a friendly international football tournament organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) that was held in France. There have been two tournaments: the first in February 1988 and the second in June 1997 (as a warm-up to the 1998 FIFA World Cup). Austria, Switzerland, Morocco and hosts France were the four participants of the first edition that was won by France after beating Morocco 2–1 in the final; and Italy, Brazil, England and hosts France were the four participants of the second edition, which was won by England with 6 points.

## Results

| Year | Winner | Runner-up | Third place | Top scorer | Goals |
| 1988 | France | Morocco | Switzerland | Alain Sutter Moulay El Gharef | 2 goals |
| 1997 | England | Brazil | France | Alessandro Del Piero | 3 goals |

## Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Team | Goals | Tournaments |
| 1 | Alessandro Del Piero | Italy | 3 | 1997 |
| 2 | Alain Sutter | Switzerland | 2 | 1988 |
| 2 | Moulay El Gharef | Morocco | 2 | 1988 |
| 2 | Romário | Brazil | 2 | 1997 |
# Pumiao

Pumiao (simplified Chinese: 蒲庙; traditional Chinese: 蒲廟; pinyin: Púmiào) is a town in the china Yongning District, in the eastern suburbs of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China, on the southern (right) bank of the Yong River.
# Hypatopa crescentella

Hypatopa crescentella is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It is found in North America, including Utah.
# French Riviera Masters

The French Riviera Masters was a men's senior (over 50) professional golf tournament on the European Senior Tour. It was held from 2010 to 2015 on the French Riviera. In 2010 and 2011 it was called the Cannes Mougins Masters and was held at Golf de Cannes-Mougins in Mougins, Cannes, before moving to Terre Blanche Hotel Spa Golf Resort, Tourrettes, Var, just southeast of Fayence. The 2015 winner was Simon P. Brown who won the first prize of €60,000 out of total prize-money of €400,000.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up | Venue |
| French Riviera Masters |||||||
| 2015 | Simon P. Brown | 134 | −10 | 2 strokes | Ángel Franco Barry Lane | Terre Blanche |
| 2014 | Philip Golding | 201 | −15 | 4 strokes | César Monasterio | Terre Blanche |
| 2013 | Peter Fowler | 205 | −11 | 3 strokes | Andrew Oldcorn Santiago Luna | Terre Blanche |
| 2012 | David J. Russell | 208 | −8 | Playoff | Tim Thelen | Terre Blanche |
| Cannes Mougins Masters |||||||
| 2011 | Juan Quirós | 206 | −10 | Playoff | Des Smyth | Cannes Mougins |
| 2010 | Marc Farry | 207 | −9 | 2 strokes | Gordon Brand Jnr | Cannes Mougins |
# SD18 (ship type)

SD18 (sometimes written SD-18 or SD 18) is the designation of a type of cargo ship, built by Austin & Pickersgill at their yard in Southwick, Sunderland, England in 1980–1981. Only three were built: Murree, Kaghan and Ayubia. The name SD18 stands for "shelter decker, 18,000 tons".

## Description

In 1980–1981, Austin & Pickersgill shipyard in Sunderland built three cargo ships of type SD18 for the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation of Karachi. The type of ship was a development of the highly successful Liberty ship replacement, type SD14. In the light of changing market conditions in the wake of the global containerization, the shipyard was unable to sell any further ships of this type. All three ships spent their entire periods of service with the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation.
Murree sank in 1989 in a force 10 gale in the English Channel, the other two ships, Ayubia and Kaghan were scrapped at Gadani Beach in 2001 and 2004 respectively.
SD18 ships had aft superstructure and machinery, and four cargo holds with a capacity totalling 24,345 cubic metres (859,700 cu ft) grain (i.e. loose material). The most forward cargo hold had a hatch with McGregor single-pull hatch covers, the other three cargo holds had double hatches, which were also sealed with McGregor single-pull hatch covers.
Their cargo-handling gear comprised six derricks, two of 35t and four of 25t.
Power was produced by a single Sulzer RND68M two-stroke diesel engine, made under licence by Clark Hawthorn. The engine was directly coupled to the fixed pitch propeller and had an output of 8,385 kW (11,244 hp) MCR, propelling the ship at a speed of 15.75 knots (29.17 km/h; 18.12 mph). At the end of the 1980s Ayubia's main engine was replaced with a new engine of the same design built by Hitachi Zosen. The onboard electricity was produced by three auxiliary diesel engines, each producing 450 kVA.

## List of SD18 type ships

SD18-type ships :
| Name | Yard number | IMO Number | Delivered | Whereabouts |
| Murree | 1407 | 8000161 | April 1981 | Sank on 28 October 1989 during bad weather in the English Channel, 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi) southeast of Start Point |
| Kaghan | 1408 | 8000173 | July 1981 | Scrapped on 20 January 2004 at Gadani Beach, Pakistan. |
| Ayubia | 1409 | 8000185 | 1981 | Scrapped in October 2001 at Gadani Beach, Pakistan. |
# Chevalier International Holdings Ltd.

Chevalier International Holdings Ltd. (Chinese: 其士國際) (SEHK: 25), is a property developer in Hong Kong.
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# Golinga

Golinga is a community in Tolon District in the Northern Region of Ghana.
# Touit

Touit is a genus of Neotropical parrots in the family Psittacidae.
The genus was introduced by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1855 with the scarlet-shouldered parrotlet (Touit huetii) as the type species. The genus name is derived from the extinct Tupi language that was spoken by native people in Brazil: Tuí eté means "really little parrot". In 1648 the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave used Tuiete for a small parrot in his Historia Naturalis Brasiliae.
The genus contains the following eight species:
| Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Touit batavicus | Lilac-tailed parrotlet | Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela |
| Touit huetii | Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela |
| Touit costaricensis | Red-fronted parrotlet | Central America in Costa Rica and Panama |
| Touit dilectissimus | Blue-fronted parrotlet or red-winged parrotlet | coastal Andes to Peru |
| Touit purpuratus | Sapphire-rumped parrotlet | Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. |
| Touit melanonotus | Brown-backed parrotlet | south-eastern Brazil from Bahia to southern São Paulo |
| Touit surdus | Golden-tailed parrotlet | eastern Brazil. |
| Touit stictopterus | Spot-winged parrotlet | Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru |
# Sutatenza

Sutatenza (Spanish pronunciation:) is a town and municipality in the Eastern Boyacá Province of the department of Boyacá, Colombia. It is located 125 kilometres (78 mi) from the Colombian capital Bogotá and 118 kilometres (73 mi) from the department capital Tunja. Sutatenza borders Somondoco, Guateque, Tenza and Garagoa.

## Etymology

The name Sutatenza comes from Chibcha and means either "Cloud behind the anchovy" or "Descending to the house of the cacique".

## History

In the time before the Spanish conquest, Sutatenza, situated in the Tenza Valley to the east of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, was ruled by a cacique called Tenzuzucá or Tenzucá, loyal to the zaque of Hunza. Conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada in his quest for El Dorado and the rich emerald deposits of the Muisca Confederation visited Sutatenza in 1537.
Modern Sutatenza was not founded until October 22, 1783.

## Climate

Sutatenza has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cfb) with mild temperatures and frequent rainfall. A dry season between December and February produces warmer and drier weather.
Climate data for Sutatenza, elevation 1,930 m (6,330 ft), (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.3 (73.9) | 22.5 (72.5) | 21.4 (70.5) | 20.9 (69.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 22.7 (72.9) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.0 (73.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.4 (65.1) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.9 (64.2) | 17.2 (63.0) | 16.9 (62.4) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.6 (63.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 18.2 (64.8) | 18.3 (64.9) | 17.8 (64.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 14.5 (58.1) | 14.6 (58.3) | 14.4 (57.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.5 (56.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 14.1 (57.4) | 13.6 (56.5) | 13.8 (56.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 18.9 (0.74) | 31.3 (1.23) | 53.5 (2.11) | 119.3 (4.70) | 177.2 (6.98) | 184.5 (7.26) | 171.9 (6.77) | 148.2 (5.83) | 107.0 (4.21) | 98.3 (3.87) | 68.7 (2.70) | 24.8 (0.98) | 1,203.5 (47.38) |
| Average precipitation days | 6 | 8 | 13 | 18 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 23 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 9 | 200 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76 | 76 | 77 | 79 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 82 | 80 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 201.5 | 163.7 | 133.3 | 111.0 | 108.5 | 87.0 | 96.1 | 105.4 | 129.0 | 142.6 | 153.0 | 186.0 | 1,617.1 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.5 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 6.0 | 4.4 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Main economical activities of Sutatenza are agriculture and aviculture. A small salt mine is operated in the vereda Salitre.

## Gallery

* Monument to the farmers
* Ox market
# Jan Sobota

Jan Bohuslav Sobota (1 March 1939 – 2 May 2012) was a Czech-Swiss fine bookbinder. He is known for his often playful sculptural bindings that transform the book into a three-dimensional work of art.

## Career

Sobota was born on 1 March in Hromnice, Czechoslovakia. He is known for books of all sizes, including a significant output of miniature books. The son of a book collector, Sobota trained in Czechoslovakia as an apprentice in the Plzeň workshop of Karel Šilinger and graduated from the Academy of Applied Arts, Prague, in 1957. He completed his master's degree at the same institution in 1969, and in 1979, was declared "Meister der Einbandkunst" in Germany. The same year, he submitted the first ever sculptural book to the Czech triennale. Sobota organized the first international exhibition of book sculpture in 1982, "The Book as Artistic Object in an Interior," staged in Františkovy Lázně.
In 1982, Sobota and his family defected to Switzerland, where he worked privately and demonstrated bookbinding in Basler Papier Muhle. In 1984 the Sobota family moved to the US, sponsored by the Rowfant Club of Cleveland, a prestigious book collectors' club in Cleveland. Members of the international book community also sought to assist him. Extensive Czech training in book conservation prepared him for positions as a book conservator at Case Western Reserve University and at the Bridwell Library at Southern Methodist University. With his wife Jarmila Sobota he established the Saturday's Book Arts Gallery, which moved with the couple. In 1997, the Sobotas moved back to the now Czech Republic, where they opened a gallery in Loket. Sobota died on 2 May 2012 in Loket, at the age of 73.

## Legacy

Between 1969 and 2012, Sobota's work was displayed in thirty-five individual shows and 160 group exhibitions. He was posthumously awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Guild of Bookworkers in 2012.
# Gjorgji Talevski

Gjorgji Talevski (born 15 March 1976) is a former Macedonian professional basketball Power forward who played for clubs like MZT Aerodrom, and Pelister.
# State Intelligence Services (The Gambia)

The State Intelligence Services (SIS), formerly the National Intelligence Agency (NIA), is the intelligence agency of the Gambia. It was founded following the 1994 military coup d'état by the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (APRFC), which was led by Yahya Jammeh. Its current head is Ousman Sowe.

## History

The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) was founded in 1995 by Decree no. 45 issued by the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (AFPRC). The AFPRC had come to power under the leadership of Yahya Jammeh in a 1994 military coup. It was set up to replace the National Security Service of Dawda Jawara's government. Initially, its purpose was to combat threats from dissidents within the armed forces itself. However, its role was quickly expanded to meet both real and perceived challenges from civilian critics and opponents. Despite the transition to a civilian government in 1996, the original military decree was retained, allowing the NIA to operate outside the correct legal framework. The NIA also gained a "feared reputation for harassment of the political opposition and news media critics of the government".
NIA operatives were accused of being involved in the alleged 21 March 2006 coup d'état attempt against Jammeh's regime.
Many reports that NIA operatives used torture have been made. A former NIA operative, who spoke to Human Rights Watch on the condition of anonymity, said that "I’d seen bad things before, but suddenly I was seeing real torture. One woman was beaten so badly she wet herself in fear. I can still remember her screams." He said that during his time at the NIA, he witnessed arbitrary arrests, torture, and enforced disappearances. In 2016, NIA operatives detained Solo Sandeng, a Gambian political activist, and beat him to death in custody. Nine members of the agency, including its former head, were put on trial the following year for Sandeng's death after his remains, among others, were discovered.
The NIA reportedly maintained a small jail inside its headquarters, known as the bambadinka (crocodile hole), where dissidents were tortured.
On 31 January 2017, the newly elected President Adama Barrow announced that the name of the NIA would be changed to the State Intelligence Services (SIS). It was announced the next day that former NIA Deputy Director, Musa Dibba, was appointed as the new Director of the SIS.
# Eruga

Eruga is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the tribe Ephialtini. Some of its species are parasites of spiders in the families Tetragnathidae and Linyphiidae. It consists of approximately 15 species, found in the Afrotropical, Nearctic and Neotropical regions.
# Oecologia

Oecologia is an international peer-reviewed English-language journal published by Springer since 1968 (some articles were published in German or French until 1976). The journal publishes original research in a range of topics related to plant and animal ecology.
Oecologia has an international focus and presents original papers, methods, reviews and special topics. Papers focus on population ecology, plant-animal interactions, ecosystem ecology, community ecology, global change ecology, conservation ecology, behavioral ecology and physiological ecology.
Oecologia had an impact factor of 3.298 (2021) and is ranked 37 out of 136 in the subject category "ecology".

## Editorial Board

As of December 2022, the journal has six editors in chief:
* Carlos L. Ballaré (plant-microbe/plant-animal interactions), University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
* Nina Farwig (terrestrial invertebrate ecology), University of Marburg, Germany
* Indrikis Krams (terrestrial vertebrate ecology), University of Latvia, Latvia
* Russell K. Monson (plant physiological/ecosystem ecology), University of Colorado Boulder, US
* Melinda Smith (plant population/community ecology), Colorado State University, US
* Joel Trexler (aquatic ecology), Florida State University, US
# Golinhac

Golinhac is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.
# Shire of Flinders (Queensland)

The Shire of Flinders is a local government area in north-western Queensland, Australia.
It covers an area of 41,200 square kilometres (15,907.4 sq mi), and has existed as a local government entity since 1882. The Shire, named for the Flinders River, is predominantly a grazing area with cattle in the north of the shire and mixed grazing to the south in the black soil area.
In the 2021 census, the Shire of Flinders had a population of 1,500 people.

## History

Jirandali (also known as Yirandali, Warungu, Yirandhali) is an Australian Aboriginal language of North-West Queensland, particularly the Hughenden area. The language region includes the local government area of the Shire of Flinders, including Dutton River, Flinders River, Mount Sturgeon, Caledonia, Richmond, Corfield, Winton, Torrens, Tower Hill, Landsborough Creek, Lammermoor Station, Hughenden, and Tangorin.
The Hughenden Division was established on 20 July 1882 under the Divisional Boards Act 1879. On 20 April 1887, the Borough of Hughenden was constituted separately as a municipality for the emerging town of Hughenden.
On 31 March 1903, the Hughenden Division became the Shire of Hughenden and the Borough of Hughenden became the Town of Hughenden under the Local Authorities Act 1902. On 5 September of the same year, the Shire of Hughenden was renamed Shire of Flinders.
The western part of the Shire was separately incorporated as the Shire of Wyangarie (later Shire of Richmond) on 23 October 1915. On 1 January 1930, part of the Shire of Flinders was annexed to the Shire of Dalrymple.
In 1958, the Town of Hughenden amalgamated with the Shire of Flinders.
Prior to 19 November 2021, the town of Marathon was within the locality of Stamford. However, this arrangement caused confusion, so on 19 November 2021, a new locality of Marathon was created around the town, excising the land from the localities of Dutton River and Stamford.

## Towns and localities

The Shire of Flinders includes the following settlements:
* Hughenden
* Dutton River
* Marathon
* Porcupine
* Prairie
* Stamford
* Tangorin
* Torrens Creek

## Amenities

The Flinders Shire Council operate the Flinders Shire Library at 39 Gray Street, Hughenden.

## Demographics

| Year | Population |
| 1933 | 3,426$^‡$ |
| 1947 | 3,310$^‡$ |
| 1954 | 3,293$^‡$ |
| 1961 | 3,953 |
| 1966 | 3,716 |
| 1971 | 3,019 |
| 1976 | 2,875 |
| 1981 | 2,740 |
| 1986 | 2,804 |
| 1991 | 2,491 |
| 1996 | 2,232 |
| 2001 census | 2,151 |
| 2006 census | 1,792 |
| 2011 census | 1,791 |
| 2016 census | 1,536 |
| 2021 census | 1,500 |
* ‡ – includes then-separate Town.

## Chairmen and mayors

* 1897: D. Simson
* 1927: E. M. Geary
* 2008–2012: Brendan McNamara (elected unopposed)
* 2012–2016: Greg Jones (elected unopposed)
* 2016–2020: Jane Beatrice McNamara