OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saleem Bibi Bharwana

Saleem Bibi Bharwana is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023.

## Early life

She was born on 1 January 1957 in Jhang, Pakistan.

## Political career

She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) from PP-96 (Chiniot-IV) in the 2018 Punjab provincial election.
# Pseudorissoina

Pseudorissoina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Species

Species within the genus Pseudorissoina include:
* Pseudorissoina perexiguus (Tate & May, 1900)
* Pseudorissoina tasmanica (Tenison-Woods, 1877)
The following species were brought into synonymy:
* Pseudorissoina minutissima (Tenison Woods, 1878) accepted as Pseudorissoina perexiguus (Tate & May, 1900)
# Pseudopachybrachius

Pseudopachybrachius is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae. There are about eight described species in Pseudopachybrachius.

## Species

These eight species belong to the genus Pseudopachybrachius:
* Pseudopachybrachius basalis (Dallas, 1852)
* Pseudopachybrachius capicolus (Stal, 1874)
* Pseudopachybrachius concepcioni Zheng & Slater, 1984
* Pseudopachybrachius guttus (Dallas, 1852)
* Pseudopachybrachius nesovinctus Ashlock, 1972
* Pseudopachybrachius reductus (Walker, 1872)
* Pseudopachybrachius undulatus (Dohrn, 1860)
* Pseudopachybrachius vinctus (Say, 1831)
# Saint-Clair, Vienne

Saint-Clair (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.
# Euranet

Euranet, also known as the European Radio Network, is a consortium of international, national, regional, and local European broadcasters.

## History

On July 25, 2007, 16 international, national, regional, and local European broadcasters from 13 EU countries formed a pan-European media consortium at the initiative of Deutsche Welle (DW) and Radio France Internationale (RFI). This includes both public and private broadcasters.
On February 26, 2008, Margot Wallström, vice president of the European Commission, made the official presentation of the European media consortium Euranet in Brussels. In the first year, Euranet programmes were broadcast in the five main languages—German, English, French, Polish, and Spanish—as well as five additional languages—Bulgarian, Greek, Portuguese, Romanian, and Hungarian. Euranet has 26 professional radio stations and 10 campus radios as of July 2012.

## Members

The following radio stations are members of Euranet:
| Country | Broadcaster |
| Belgium | RTBF |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian National Radio |
| Croatia | HRT - Croatian Radio |
| Czech Republic | Czech Radio |
| Cyprus | Cyprus 107.6 |
| Denmark | Radio Mælkebøtten |
| Finland | Radio Moreeni |
| France | Radio France Internationale (rfi) BFM Business France Inter |
| Germany | AMS-NET (Radio Bielefeld, Radio Gütersloh, Radio Herford, Radio Hochstift, Radio Lippe, Radio WAF, Radio Westfalica) |
| Greece | Skai Radio |
| Hungary | Magyar Radio |
| Italy | Radio24 – Ilsole24Ore |
| Latvia | Latvijas Radio |
| Lithuania | Žinių radijas |
| Malta | Public Broadcasting Services Ltd (PBS) |
| The Netherlands | Radio Netherlands Wereldomroep |
| Poland | Polskie Radio SA |
| Portugal | Radio Nostalgia |
| Romania | Radio Romania International RFI Romania |
| Slovakia | Radio SiTy |
| Slovenia | Radio Slovenia International |
| Spain | Punto Radio Castilla y León |
| United Kingdom | Community Media Association |

## Consortium

Euranet was founded as a consortium of radio enterprises from various European countries, and its operations are governed by a service contract with the European Commission, which is its sole source of funding.

## Euranet University Circle

In addition to the participating radio stations, Euranet programs are also re-broadcast by several campus radio stations. The local partner stations are associated members of the consortium. The partner broadcasters are
* Finland: Radio Moreeni (University of Tampere)
* Ireland: Trinity FM (Trinity College Dublin)
* Germany: bonncampus 96,8 (University of Bonn)
* Poland: Academic Radio Kampus (University of Warsaw)
* Romania: UBB Radio (Babeş-Bolyai University)
* Spain: Radio Universidad de Salamanca (University of Salamanca), UAB, UNED Radio (UNED – Spanish National University of Distance Education)
* Sweden: Radio Campus Örebro (Örebro University)
# Eucyclopera abdulla

Eucyclopera abdulla is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Mexico.
# Eucyclopera chorion

Eucyclopera chorion is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Venezuela.
# Silene caucasica

Silene caucasica is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to Transcaucasia and Turkey.
# Silene bernardina

Silene bernardina is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common name Palmer's catchfly.
It is native to western North America.

## Description

Silene bernardina is a variable plant and is divided into several subspecies. In general, it is a perennial herb growing from a taproot and leafy caudex unit, the hairy, erect stems growing up to about .5 metres (1+1⁄2 feet) tall. The slender stems have glandular, sticky patches on their upper parts. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are up to 8 centimetres (3 inches) long low on the stem and smaller on the distal branches.
Flowers occur in a terminal cyme at the top of the stem, as well as in some of the leaf axils. Each has a hairy, glandular calyx of fused sepals with ten red veins. The calyx is open at the top, revealing five white or purple-pink petals which may be almost 3 cm (1+1⁄4 in) long. The petals have usually four fringelike lobes at the tips and feathery appendages at their bases. The stamens and three or four long styles protrude from the flower's center.

## Distribution and habitat

It is native to western North America from Washington and Idaho, through California and Oregon, to Baja California. It grows in several types of habitat, including chaparral scrub, mountain forests, and higher-elevation habitats in alpine climates.
# Siegel MS 1

The Siegel MS 1 was a very light, simple, foot-launched glider designed, financed, built and flown by a Polish schoolteacher in the 1923 summer holidays. It made some short hops but was easily damaged.

## Design and development

Mieczysław Siegel, a schoolteacher from Skrynice near Lublin, designed and built his first aircraft in 1923. It was a simple, small and very light foot-launched glider. He made several brief lights, though contemporary reports do not make it clear if these were foot-launched or if the MS 1 was tethered like a kite. During these tests the fragile glider was often damaged and repaired but, late in 1923, Siegel's attention turned to its successor, the MS 2.
The MS 1 was a wooden framed aircraft, unusually covered with a mixture of cardboard and wrapping paper. Its one piece, twin spar wing, mounted on top of the fuselage, was rectangular in plan out to a little over half span then became trapezoidal. Covered with paper stiffened with gelatin, it was wire-braced from the lower fuselage and from an inverted-V cabane strut over the fuselage. Wing warping rather than ailerons provided lateral control.
The rectangular section fuselage tapered to the rear. Between the wings the upper and lower surface coverings were absent, opening a space which the pilot could sit, strapped to the glider on a bicycle seat, with his feet on the ground. He launched the MS 1 by running, taking the glider forward.
The MS 1's broad chord, triangular tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage and began not far aft of the wing trailing edge. It carried a single-piece elevator. Unusually, its long, rounded fin was under the fuselage and the trapezoidal rudder ran up to the fuselage top, just below the elevator.
A pair of short skids, cross-braced and each mounted under the nose on a V-strut, together with the pilot's legs provided the MS 1's landing gear, assisted by the lower edge of the fin which doubled as a tailskid.

## Specifications

Data from Samolotypolskie.pl
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 4 m (13 ft 1 in)
* Wingspan: 6.6 m (21 ft 8 in)
* Height: 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in)
* Wing area: 8 m$^2$ (86 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 5.4
* Empty weight: 25 kg (55 lb)
* Gross weight: 95 kg (209 lb)
# Siegel identity

In mathematics, Siegel's identity refers to one of two formulae that are used in the resolution of Diophantine equations.

## Statement

The first formula is
    ${\frac {x_{3}-x_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}+{\frac {x_{2}-x_{3}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}=1.$
The second is
    ${\frac {x_{3}-x_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot {\frac {t-x_{2}}{t-x_{3}}}+{\frac {x_{2}-x_{3}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot {\frac {t-x_{1}}{t-x_{3}}}=1.$

## Application

The identities are used in translating Diophantine problems connected with integral points on hyperelliptic curves into S-unit equations.
# Saira Shekeb Sadat

Saira Shekeb Sadat is the first female Wuluswal (English: sub-governor) of Afghanistan. She was appointed as the governor of the provincial district of Aqcha of Jowzjan Province.
# Saira Wasim

Saira Wasim is a contemporary artist from Lahore, Pakistan. She currently lives in United States. Wasim uses the miniature style of painting, pioneered by the Persians but extensively used in South Asia, to make primarily political and cultural art. Wasim's art has been shown in a number of museums including the Whitney Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum of Art, and Asian Art Museum.

## Biography

Wasim went to National College of Arts (in Lahore), from where she graduated with a Bachelors in Fine Arts with focus in miniature painting in 1999. Dawn art critic Ali Adil Khan describes her as part of "magnificent seven" along with Muhammed Imran Qureshi, Tazeen Qayyum, Aisha Khalid, Talha Rathore, Nusra Latif Qureshi, and Reeta Saeed- who brought back miniatures

## Artistic approach

Wasim draws Persian Miniatures to make devastating political commentary.
Wasim has stated:
"My work uses the contemporary miniature form to explore social and political issues that divide the modern world. This series, Battle for Hearts and Minds, illustrates the clash between imperialism in the west and fundamentalism in the east, and questions the underlying motivations and uneasy alliances that keep this conflict going. My work offers a voice against this ignorance and prejudice. It pleas for social justice, respect, and tolerance through the use of caricature and satire."
The New York Times describes her work as "exquisite political cartoons that conjure William Hogarth and sometimes borrow directly from Norman Rockwell."
# Pterograptidae

Pterograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.

## Genera

List of genera from Maletz (2014):
* †Didymograptellus Cooper & Fortey, 1982
* †Pseudobryograptus Mu, 1957
* †Pterograptus Holm, 1881b
* †Xiphograptus Cooper & Fortey, 1982
* †Yutagraptus Riva, 1994
# Sidus

Sidus may refer to:
* Sidus (Corinthia), a village of ancient Corinthia
* Sidus (Ionia), a town of ancient Ionia
* SidusHQ, South Korean talent management agency
* Sidus Pictures, South Korean film production and distribution company
# Pterolophia riouensis

Pterolophia riouensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938. It is endemic to Borneo.
# Prunus jenkinsii

Prunus jenkinsii, called thereju and bonthereju, (Chinese: 坚核桂樱), is a species of Prunus native to the foothills of the Himalayas, preferring to grow at 1000–1800 m. It is a tree typically 7–20 m tall, flowering in autumn and fruiting in winter and spring. Its hard but edible dark brown fruit is harvested and brought to market in areas of India where it grows. Some sources even consider it to be cultivated or semidomesticated.
# Salix mucronata

Salix mucronata (commonly called the Cape silver willow or Safsaf willow) is a tall, graceful, Semi-Deciduous willow tree. It grows along riverbanks in South Africa, and is used for a wide range of traditional medicines.
The Cape willow is dioecious (separate male and female trees).

## Taxonomy

This variable-looking species was previously subdivided into a number of different species. These have now all been downgraded to just being subspecies of Salix mucronata. These subspecies include:
* S. m. hirsuta (silver willow)
* S. m. mucronata (Safsaf willow)
* S. m. woodii (flute willow)
* S. m. capensis (small-leaved willow)
# Salix myrtillifolia

Salix myrtillifolia is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common name blueberry willow. It is native to northern North America, where it occurs in Alaska and much of Canada.
This willow is a shrub with two growth varieties. Low blueberry willow (S. m. var. myrtillifolia) is a small shrub under 60 cm (24 in) tall. Tall blueberry willow is a larger shrub which grows upright and reaches a maximum height near 3 m (10 ft). The plant is dioecious, with male and female reproductive structures on separate individuals. The inflorescence is a catkin up to 5 cm (2 in) long.
This plant grows in coniferous forests in alpine climates. The smaller variety grows in swampy areas such as black spruce muskegs. Tall blueberry willow often occupies riparian habitat, forming thickets along waterways. It is common along the Tanana and Yukon Rivers. It grows alongside many other willow species. It is a pioneer species, colonizing areas covered in recently deposited alluvium, such as floodplains recently scoured by flood waters.
# Eugenia Raskopoulos

Eugenia Raskopoulos (born 1959) is a contemporary artist notable for her photographic and video work critiquing language, processes of translation, and the body. Raskopoulos' work has been shown in numerous Australian and International exhibitions, and was the winner of the Josephine Ulrick and Win Schubert Award for her work Vestiges #3, 2010.
Raskopoulos was born in the Czech Republic. She migrated back to Greece in 1959 with her family, then to Australia in 1963.
Informed by the migrant experience, her works explore aspects of ‘otherness’, and she situates her work at the margins of photography and video, an interdisciplinary zone that synthesises performance, transcription, neon and installation. Her works also explore ideas of identity, translation, language and the body.

## Solo exhibitions

* Arc One Gallery
* Art Gallery of New South Wales
* Australian Centre for Photography
* Artspace
* Casula Powerhouse Arts Centre
* UQ Art Museum
* Art Beijing, China
* William Wright Artists Projects
* Darklight Photography Gallery

## Awards

* Josephine Ulrick and Win Schubert Award, 2012.
* MoMA scholarship for The Feminist Future conference from the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

## Publications

* Art Collector magazine: "Standout Exhibitions" by Daniel Mudie Cunningham.
# Pterostylis mitchellii

Pterostylis mitchellii, commonly known as Mitchell's rustyhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves and flowering plants have up to fifteen flowers which have wide flanges on the petals and an insect-like labellum with a white "head".

## Description

Pterostylis mitchellii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a rosette of between five and eight leaves. The leaves are 15–50 mm (0.6–2 in) long and 6–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) wide. Flowering plants have a rosette at the base of the flowering stem but the leaves are usually withered by flowering time. Between two and fifteen translucent white flowers with green and brown markings and 23–26 mm (0.9–1 in) long, 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide are borne on a flowering spike 200–500 mm (8–20 in) tall. The dorsal sepal and petals form a hood or "galea" over the column with the petals having wide flanges on their outer edge. The dorsal sepal has a narrow tip 3–7 mm (0.1–0.3 in) long. The lateral sepals turn downwards and are much wider than the galea and suddenly taper to narrow tips 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long which curve away from each other. The labellum is fleshy, greenish-brown and insect-like, about 5 mm (0.2 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The "head" end is white with short bristles and the "body" has five to eight long hairs on each side. Flowering occurs from August to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis mitchellii was first formally described in 1848 by John Lindley from a specimen collected on Mount Kennedy in southern Queensland during Thomas Mitchell's 1845-1846 expedition. The description was published in Mitchell's book, Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia.

## Distribution and habitat

Mitchell's rustyhood is widespread and locally common in dry woodland and forest between the Blackdown Tableland in Queensland and Narrabri in New South Wales.
# Salvatierra de Esca

Salvatierra de Esca (in Aragonese: Salvatierra d'Esca) is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 269 inhabitants.

## Villages

* Salvatierra de Esca
* Lorbés
# Salvatierra

Salvatierra may refer to:

## Places
### Mexico

* Salvatierra, Guanajuato, a municipality in the state of Guanajuato

### Spain

* Salvatierra (comarca), a subcomarca of Guijuelo in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León
* Berrocal de Salvatierra, a municipality in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León
* Fuenterroble de Salvatierra, a municipality in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León
* Salvatierra/Agurain, a municipality in the province of Álava, Basque Country
* Salvatierra de Esca, a municipality in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon
* Salvatierra de los Barros, a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura
* Salvatierra de Santiago, a municipality in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura

## People with the surname

* Adriana Salvatierra (born 1989), Bolivian political scientist and politician
* Agustín Salvatierra (born 1970), Chilean footballer
* Daniel Salvatierra (born 1990), Argentine footballer
* Diego Salvatierra (born 1980), Argentine footballer
* Herbert Salvatierra (born 1980), Bolivian lawyer and politician
* José Salvatierra (born 1989) Costa Rican footballer
* Juan María de Salvatierra (1648–1717), Catholic missionary
* Raul Salvatierra (born 1991), Bolivian basketball player
* Roberto Salvatierra (born 1984), Argentine footballer
# Pterostichus morio

Pterostichus morio is a species of ground beetles in the subfamily Pterostichinae.

## Description

Pterostichus morio can reach a length of 11–14 millimetres (0.43–0.55 in). Body is black, with reddish femora. These beetles are predatory.

## Distribution

This species is present in Austria, France, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland. These beetles can be found under rocks and prefer slightly moist, sandy soil.

## Subspecies

* Pterostichus morio baudii (Chaudoir, 1868)
* Pterostichus morio carpathicus Kult, 1944
* Pterostichus morio guedeli Sainte-Claire Deville, 1902
* Pterostichus morio liguricus J. Daniel, 1903
* Pterostichus morio morio (Duftschmid, 1812)
* Pterostichus morio samniticus A. Fiori, 1896
* Pterostichus morio validiusculus (Chaudoir, 1859)
# Sign Post, Virginia

Sign Post is an unincorporated community in Accomack County, Virginia.
# Sigurðar saga fóts: Íslensk riddarasaga

Sigurðar saga fóts: Íslensk riddarasaga is the fourth book by the Icelandic writer, politician, and bookseller Bjarni Harðarson. It takes its name from the medieval Icelandic romance saga Sigurðar saga fóts and has been seen as an example of medievalism in Icelandic literature arising from the 2008 Icelandic financial crisis. It was published in 2010.

## Summary

The novel recounts the dynastic history of one Sigurður fótur, who through a combination of politeness and idiocy finds himself owning the economy of almost the whole nation, and then losing it. In the story, Sigurður's father, Bjarnhéðinn kaupahéðinn, is a two-bit alcoholic entrepreneur who by an ostensibly luck-of-the-drunk series of chances comes during the 1970s and 1980s to own a small business founded on a little chain of florists. After a long period of unemployment, Sigurður fótur is brought into his father's business as a partner, whereupon he glances at the books and realises the whole thing is a total financial disaster—and is now as much his problem as his father's. So when he gets called in by the bank, he expects the worst, but finds himself instead being convinced to take part in a bit of financial chicanery involving an inflated share purchase by the Nord brothers. Sigurður and his dad find that they are rich, and a series of over-leveraged purchases follows, bringing them, amongst other things, the chairmanship of the Stóri Þjóðbankinn ('large national bank'), which Bjarnhéðinn holds and, after Bjarnhéðinn's death, Sigurður. Ultimately the Icelandic financial crash hits, the precarity of Sigurður's financial empire and the peril it has put the national economy in is revealed, and Sigurður flees Iceland, living the rest of his days in hiding in Afghanistan.

## Influences

The novel satirises the real-life family histories and biographies of Björgólfur Thor Björgólfsson (co-owner of a controlling share in Landsbanki at the time of its collapse in 2008), and to a lesser extent Jón Ásgeir Jóhannesson (co-owner of Glitnir at the time of its collapse).$^{:203–209}$ In doing so, the novel draws prominently on the medieval Sigurðar saga fóts and the song Furstinn by the Icelandic singer-songwriter Megas, as well as other medieval Icelandic saga-writing of the sort found in Njáls saga, Grettis saga and Völsunga saga.$^{:209–52}$

## Reviews

* Helgi Bjarnason. "Riddari útrásarinnar" (in Icelandic), Morgunblaðið, 28 November 2010, p. 53.
* Jón Þ. Þór. "Nútímariddarasaga" (in Icelandic), DV, 8 December 2010, p. 24.
* Skapti Hallgrímsson. "Á ekki að vera harmagrátur" (in Icelandic), Morgunblaðið, 14 November 2010, p. 41.
# Sakurada Gate

Sakurada Gate (桜田門, sakurada-mon) is a gate in the inner moat of Tokyo Imperial Palace, in Tokyo, Japan.
It was the location of the Sakuradamon Incident in 1860, in which Tairō Ii Naosuke was assassinated outside the gate by samurai of the Mito Domain and Satsuma Domain.
In 1932, it was the location of another assassination attempt, when Korean independence activist Lee Bong-chang attempted to kill Emperor Hirohito as his procession passed through the gate.
Opposite the gate of Sakurada Gate is the headquarters of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, which shares "Sakurada Gate" as a metonym (akin to London's Scotland Yard).

## Access

* Sakuradamon Station (Yūrakuchō Line)
* Kasumigaseki Station (Marunouchi, Hibiya, and Chiyoda lines)
# Sairandhri (1920 film)

Sairandhari is a 1920 Indian film based on an episode from the Mahabharata and directed by Baburao Painter and Produced by Maharashtra Film Company. V. Shantaram remade it as Sairandhri in 1933.

## Cast

* Balasabeb Yadav as Bheema
* Zunzharrao Pawar as Keechak
* Kamaladevi as Sairandhri
* Kishabapu Bakre
* Baburao Pendharkar as Krishna
* Ravji Mhaskar
* Ganpat Bakre as King Veerat
* Sushiladevi as Sudeshna
* Sitarampat Kulkarni
* Shivram Vashikar
* Vishnupant Govind Damle
# Ptychostomum cyclophyllum

Ptychostomum cyclophyllum, round-leaved bryum, is a species of moss belonging to the family Bryaceae.
It is native to the Northern Hemisphere. It grows in wetlands and along streams.
# Simbu

Simbu can refer to
* Chimbu Province, alternative spelling of the province of Papua New Guinea
* Kuman language (New Guinea), also known as Chimbu or Simbu
* Chimbu River
* Silambarasan Rajendar, Tamil actor