OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rosen, Minnesota

Rosen is an unincorporated community in Yellow Bank Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota, United States. It is home to Saint Joseph's Catholic Church.
The founding of Rosen is attributed to Father Peter Rosen, who came to St. Joseph's in 1895. It was during his pastorate that the church was incorporated and the village was given the name of Rosen. Fr. Rosen suggested to the elderly people of the parish to form a village by building homes and stores around the church to live when they retired from farming.
In 1885, a frame church (40 x 24) was built to stand east and west where the present church now stands. A church, rectory and cemetery were built in 1896. In 1907, the old church building was moved. A new 100' by 40' structure, with a tower of 106' high was built in its place at a cost of $20,000.
St. Joseph's School was built in 1927 at the cost of $18,200. In the spring of 1979 the last class was held in the Rosen School.
A recent addition to the facade of St. Joseph Church was a grotto of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The three granite leaf monument was donated by Rose Karels, in memory of the Rosen Pioneers.
# Robert Gale

Robert Gale may refer to:
* Robert Gale (musician), trombonist
* Robert Henry Otley Gale (1878–1950), Canadian politician
* Robert Peter Gale (born 1945), medical researcher
* Bob Gale (born 1951), screenwriter
* Bob Gale (basketball) (1925–1975), American basketball player
* Bob Gale (cricketer) (1933–2018), English cricketer and businessman
* Robert Gale, character in the TV series 12 Monkeys
# Min River

Min River or Minjiang may refer to:
* Min River (Sichuan) (岷江), in Sichuan, China
* Min River (Fujian) (闽江), in Fujian, China
# Gravitation water vortex power plant

The gravitation water vortex power plant is a type of micro hydro vortex turbine system which converts energy in a moving fluid to rotational energy using a low hydraulic head of 0.7–3 metres (2 ft 4 in – 9 ft 10 in). This technology is based on a round basin with a central drain. Above the drain, the water forms a stable line vortex which drives a water turbine.
Precourse designs were patented in 1877 and 1967.
The specific design described here was first patented by Greek-Australian Lawyer and Inventor Paul Kouris in 1996, who was searching for a way to harness the power inherent in a vortex.
Later, Austrian Inventor Franz Zotlöterer created a similar turbine while attempting to find a way to aerate water without an external power source.

## Design

The water passes through a straight inlet and then passes tangentially into a round basin. The water forms a vortex over the center bottom drain of the basin. A turbine withdraws rotational energy from the vortex, which is converted into electric energy by a generator.
The turbine's theoretical energy conversion efficiency is up to 85%; a test installation reported 73% efficiency, and after a year of use the installation cost was just under one US dollar per watt of output capacity.
The turbine's aeration of the water is used to improve water conditions, while the reduced speeds of the turbine and the lack of cavitation are designed so that most types of fish can pass through the turbine freely, something which is much more difficult to achieve at normal hydro plants that require additional structures for the fish migration.
# Gabriel Popescu

Gabriel Popescu may refer to:
* Gabriel Popescu (footballer) (born 1973), Romanian footballer
* Gabriel Popescu (scientist) (1971—2022), Romanian-American scientist
# German Antarctic Expedition

German Antarctic Expedition can refer to:
* Eduard Dallmann's expedition of 1873–74, in Grönland
* First German Antarctic Expedition of 1901–03
* Second German Antarctic Expedition of 1911–13
* Third German Antarctic Expedition of 1938
# Citizens' Movement

Citizens' Movement may refer to:
* Citizens' Movement (Colombia)
* Citizens' Movement (Iceland)
* Citizens' Movement (Mexico)
* Independent Citizens Movement, United States Virgin Islands
* Concerned Citizens' Movement, Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Citizen and Republican Movement, France
* Geneva Citizens' Movement, Switzerland
* Tricolour Citizens' Movement, Czech Republic
* Citizens' Movement for Change, Belgium
* Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe – Socialist Party, São Tomé and Príncipe
* Civic Movement, Czech Republic
* Civil Movement, Hungary
# Mount Bayonne

Mount Bayonne (68°55′S 71°03′W﻿ / ﻿68.917°S 71.050°W﻿ / -68.917; -71.050) is a mountain, 1,500 m, forming the north extremity of the Rouen Mountains in Alexander Island, Antarctica. The mountain lies immediately north of Les Dents and Mount Paris. First mapped by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named it for the French city. Resighted from the air by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) in 1936. Remapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1960.
# Rufous-vented whitetip

The rufous-vented whitetip (Urosticte ruficrissa) is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The rufous-vented whitetip and purple-bibbed whitetip (Urosticte benjamini) have been treated as conspecific and as distinct species, each by multiple authors. Since the early 2000s there is consensus that they are species in their own right. They are the only members of their genus and both are monotypic.

## Description

The rufous-vented whitetip is 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long and weighs 4 to 4.2 g (0.14 to 0.15 oz). Both sexes have a medium-length straight black bill and a prominent white stripe behind the eye. Both have shining green upperparts and a forked tail, though the female's is not as deeply indented as the male's. Males have shining green underparts with buffy undertail coverts. The tail is dusky bronze; the central feathers have wide white tips. Females have white underparts spotted with green. The tail is dusky bronze with white tips on the outermost feathers. Juveniles are similar to females with the addition of brown edges on the head feathers.

## Distribution and habitat

The rufous-vented whitetip is found on the eastern slope of the Andes from Colombia's Huila and Nariño departments south through eastern Ecuador into Peru's Department of San Martín. It inhabits the interior and edges of partly open montane forest and cloudforest between elevations of 1,600 and 2,400 m (5,200 and 7,900 ft).

## Behavior
### Movement

The rufous-vented whitetip is generally sedentary but locally moves to higher elevations after breeding.

### Feeding

The rufous-vented whitetip mostly forages from near the ground to the forest's mid level. It collects nectar from a variety of flowering plants including bromeliads and members of genera Clusia and Palicourea. In addition to feeding on nectar it captures insects by hawking from a perch and sometimes by gleaning from vegetation.

### Breeding

The rufous-vented whitetip's breeding season spans from January to April. It builds a cup nest of moss and typically places it in vines 2 to 4 m (7 to 10 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 15 to 18 days; fledging occurs 22 to 24 days after hatch.
* Songs and calls
* Listen to rufous-vented whitetip on xeno-canto

### Vocalization

The rufous-vented whitetip makes a "mellow, fast twittering 'tweetweetweetwee...'" that can sound like "a laughing chatter". While feeding in flight it also makes "a single lower-pitched scratchy note 'tzrrrrr'".

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the rufous-vented whitetip as being of Least Concern, though its population size is not known and believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is generally uncommon throughout its restricted range. It occurs in several protected areas in Colombia but the Ecuadorean cloudforest is heavily logged.
# Cieplice

Cieplice may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Cieplice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Cieplice, Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
* Cieplice, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój [pl], a former town, now a district of Jelenia Góra
# Mount Edziza Recreation Area

The Mount Edziza Recreation Area was a recreation area in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia, Canada, located southeast of the community of Telegraph Creek. It was established on 27 February 1972 along with Mount Edziza Provincial Park. Initially, the 101,171-hectare (249,999-acre) recreation area formed a 1-to-10-kilometre-wide (0.62-to-6.21-mile) buffer zone around much of the provincial park.
About 96,770 hectares (239,100 acres) of the Mount Edziza Recreation Area was annexed into Mount Edziza Provincial Park on 21 March 1989, greatly reducing its size to around 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres). By this time only a small portion of the recreation area was located east of Mount Edziza. On 19 March 2003, the Mount Edziza Recreation Area was disestablished to allow resource development on the Spectrum mineral claims.

## Mineral exploration

The Spectrum or Red Dog property consisted of a block of mineral claims that covered quartz, pyrite and chalcopyrite mineralization in fractured sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Late Triassic age in the Mount Edziza Recreation Area. Commodities on the property included copper, gold, lead, silver and zinc. From 1971 to 1973, Imperial Oil conducted geophysical, geological and geochemical surveying, as well as 463 metres (1,519 feet) of drilling in four holes. Geochemical and geological surveys were conducted on the Spectrum property by Consolidated Silver Ridge Mines and Newhawk Mines between 1976 and 1981.
Consolidated Silver Ridge Mines also built an airstrip and carried out 3,232 metres (10,604 feet) of drilling in 28 holes during this time period. Additional work on the Spectrum property by Newhawk Mines during this time period included the construction of an access road and 313 metres (1,027 feet) of underground development on the Hawk vein. Further geochemical and geological surveying was performed by Moongold Resources from 1987 to 1989. Mineral exploration conducted by Columbia Gold Mines from 1990 to 1992 consisted of rock sampling, trenching and 7,066 metres (23,182 feet) of drilling in 50 holes.
# Ruai

Ruai is a neighbourhood in east Nairobi. It is approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of the central business district along Kangundo Road. It is one of the areas located in the east gate of Nairobi after Kamulu.

## Location

Ruai is located approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Nairobi's central business district. It was formerly part of the larger defunct Embakasi division. It borders Njiru and Kamulu. Electorally, Ruai county assembly ward, is placed under Kasarani Constituency; however, Ruai forms part of the larger sub-county of Njiru that spans through neighbourhoods as far as the Outer Ring Road to the furthest northeast up to Kamulu Bridge just before Joska.

## Overview

Ruai is largely an informal neighbourhood in Nairobi; though it is mixed-use in its corresponding urban area of Ruai Town. It is one of the least populated neighbourhoods in the city, especially the residential areas. The neighbourhood exhibits characteristics of a low-density suburb, having single-family dwellings as well as having a mix of a few storey buildings. Ruai also is home to the Dandora Estate Sewage Treatment Works, that treats 120,000m$^3$/day, about 80% of wastewater produced in Nairobi.
As per the 2019 census, Ruai has a population of 72,134, with 35,605 of them being male and 36,526 being female. The neighbourhood has a population density of 966/km$^2$ in a land area of 74.7km$^2$.
# Rue de Harlay

The Rue de Harlay is a street on the Île de la Cité in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France.

## Location

The street borders the Palais de Justice to the west and the Place Dauphine to the east.

## Name

The street was named after Achille de Harlay (1536–1616), président à mortier and later the first speaker of the Paris Parlement.

## History

An 8.75-meter-wide street was traced around 1607 on land plots granted to Achille de Harlay. The street ran along the wall of the bailiwick hall gardens, the Jardins du roi. After buildings were erected on the former gardens in 1671, an open pathway was opened toward the Place Dauphine between the Rue de Harlay and the Cour Harlay [fr].
In 1702, the street had 36 houses and 7 street lanterns. It was part of the Cité quarter.
An extension project of the Palais de Justice, declared of public interest by an order dated 26 May 1840, aimed to demolish the houses located at odd numbers in order to clear the view on the new buildings. But the Paris Police Prefecture, then located at Cour Harlay, occupied the empty houses after their owners were expropriated. The houses were actually destroyed in 1871–72 to enable the completion of the grand outside steps by Joseph-Louis Duc. The even-number houses that delimited Place Dauphine were demolished in 1874 to clear the view on the new Palais.
The building at No. 2, Rue de Harlay, is listed as a historic monument. It is the only remaining 17th-century building of the street.
The street was also called Harlay-au-Palais to distinguish it from Harlay-au-Marais in the 3rd arrondissement. The latter was re-named Rue des Arquebusiers [fr] in 1879.

## Notable buildings

* Western façade of the Palais de Justice on the Rue de Harlay (entrance of the cour d'assises).
* Rue de Harlay seen from the Quai de l'Horloge [fr]. In the foreground: Hôtel de Barlay (Maison du Barreau), the building at no. 2. Place Dauphine is behind the trees.
# Mount Oike

Mount Oike (御池岳, Oikegatake) is a mountain with an altitude of 1,247 m in the Suzuka Mountains in Higashiōmi, Shiga Prefecture. The northeastern side of the hillside is located on the border with Inabe, Mie Prefecture. It is the highest peak in the Suzuka Mountains and Higashiōmi.
# Cincinnati (disambiguation)

Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio.
Cincinnati may also refer to:
* Cincinnati, Arkansas
* Cincinnati, Indiana
* Cincinnati, Parke County, Indiana
* Cincinnati, Iowa
* Cincinnati, Missouri
* Cincinnati (horse), Ulysses S. Grant's most famous horse during the American Civil War
* Cincinnati (magazine), a monthly lifestyle magazine in Cincinnati, Ohio
* "Cincinnati" (Harsh Realm), an episode of Harsh Realm
* "Cincinnati, Ohio" (song), a 1967 country music song by Connie Smith
* USS Cincinnati
* "Cincinnati" is trade label of Cincinnati Milling Machine Company (1889-1970)
# Josef Christiaens

Josef Henri Charles Christiaens (occasionally anglicized as Joseph, 16 June 1882 – 25 February 1919), was a Belgian racing driver, aviator, and engineer.

## Biography

Christiaens was born in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode on 16 June 1882 to a prosperous Belgian family. On 13 August 1905 he participated in the Coupe de Liedekerke et Williame race held near Dinant, Belgium. The race spanned 102.740 km, but Christiaens failed to complete the race. He also failed to qualify for the Il Coupe de Normandie with his Vivinus 6 racecar on 29 August 1909. The Vivinus later gave Christiaens his first victory, winning the 2nd Coupe de Liedekerke et Williame in Ostend, Belgium on 13 September 1909. He went on to take a string of victories in Europe and in the U.S.
On 9 September 1916 Christiaens and his 2,300 lb (1,000 kg) English Sunbeam racecar, entered in the Harvest Auto Racing Classic held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, composing of three races held at 20, 50 and 100-mile distances. Johnny Aitken, in a Peugeot, came in first in all three distances. Christiaens' Sunbeam failed to start the race due to a broken crankshaft.
When Henri Farman flew the Voisin-designed biplane and took Ernest Archdeacon for a 1241-metre flight at Ghent, Belgium on 30 May 1908, Christiaens was immediately captivated and inspired by the spirit of flying.
In March 1910 Christiaens met Géo Chavez at Camp de Châlons, France and learnt to fly on a Farman plane from him. By 12 April in the same year, he was registered with licence N°7, becoming one of the first 11 pilots registered at the Aéro-Club de Belgique (Aero Club of Belgium).
On 14 March 1911, Christiaens received much enthusiasm and assistance from the British Colonial Government in Singapore. A squad of Royal Engineers soldiers were dispatched to assemble and test the Bristol Boxkite. On 16 March 1911 Christiaens made history in Singapore as the first man to fly an airplane on the island.
Christiaens died in a road accident while performing a test drive on a Sunbeam racecar near Moorfield Works on 25 February 1919 in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England. Shortly after leaving the Works, his car crashed into a wall along Upper Villiers Street trying to avoid a horse-cart coming out of Fowler Street.

## Motorsports career results
### Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Car | Start | Qual | Rank | Finish | Laps | Led | Retired |
| 1914 | 9 | 7 | 91.210 | 9 | 6 | 200 | 9 | Running |
| 1916 | 14 | 14 | 86.080 | 16 | 4 | 120 | 0 | Running |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 320 | 9 | |
| Starts | 2 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Front Row | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Top 5 | 1 |
| Top 10 | 2 |
| Retired | 0 |
# Josef Clemens

Josef Clemens (born 20 June 1947 in Siegen) is a German bishop. He was Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Laity from November 2003 until it ceased operations on 1 September 2016. He was personal secretary to Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) from 1984 to 2003.

## Biography

Josef Clemens was born on 20 June 1947 in Siegen in the Archdiocese of Paderborn. He received his secondary-level education in the Collegium Marianum in Neuss and studied theology at the Collegium Germanicum in Rome, where Cardinal Hermann Volk ordained him to the priesthood on 10 October 1975 in the church of Sant'Ignazio. He studied moral theology at the Gregorian University, obtaining a licentiate in 1976.
Returning to Germany, he was substitute parish vicar at St. John the Baptist in Bielefeld-Schildesche from 1976 to 1977; parish vicar at St. Joseph of Dortmund from 1977 to 1980; and then taught religion at the Max Planck high school in Dortmund from 1978 to 1980. He spent the next four years working on his doctoral thesis at the Collegio Teutonico and received his doctorate in moral theology from the Gregorian in 1984.
He then joined the Roman Curia as first secretary and then, before the end of 1984, study assistant of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith with the role of personal secretary to the prefect of the congregation, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI. He was given the rank of Chaplain of His Holiness on 17 March 1989 and that of Honorary Prelate of His Holiness in 1999.
On 12 February 2003, Pope John Paul II appointed Clemens Under-Secretary of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life. On 25 November of the same year, he was appointed Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Laity and Titular Bishop of Segermes. He received his episcopal ordination on 6 January 2004 from Cardinal Ratzinger. As Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Laity, he organized several World Youth Day celebrations: Cologne (2005), Sydney (2008), Madrid (2011), Rio de Janeiro (2013) and Krakow (2016). He also organized two world conferences of Catholic lay organizations in Rome in 2006 and 2014.
His tenure at the Pontifical Council for the Laity ended when that body was suppressed and its functions taken over by the newly established Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life on 1 September 2016. On 1 June 2018, the new dicastery issued its report on the Church and sport, which had been years in development under Clemens.
In November 2020, Clemens was named papal delegate to Klosterneuburg Monastery in Austria, an Augustinian institution troubled by charges of sexual abuse. He became responsible for the monastery's 40 canons, 24 parishes, and extensive property holdings and finances.
# Joseph C. Pitt

Joseph C. Pitt (born 1943) is an American Pragmatist, philosopher of science and technology who works at Virginia Tech in the Departments of Philosophy and Science and Technology in Society. He is a past editor-in-chief of Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology and the former editor of Perspectives on Science. He was founding director of the Center for Science Studies at Virginia Tech, which is now the Department of Science, Technology, and Society. He is a foundational figure in philosophy of technology and a past president of the Society for Philosophy and Technology.
Pitt did his undergraduate studies at William & Mary, where he was a member of a fraternity. He completed his graduate studies in Canada at Western Ontario.
Pitt is the author of:
* Pictures, Images and Conceptual Change; An Analysis of Wilfrid Sellars' Philosophy of Science (1981)
* Galileo, Human Knowledge, and The Book of Nature: Method Replaces Metaphysics (1992)
* Thinking About Technology (2000)
* Doing Philosophy of Technology (2011)
# Mount Lowe (Antarctica)

Mount Lowe (80°33′S 30°16′W﻿ / ﻿80.550°S 30.267°W﻿ / -80.550; -30.267) is a mountain having two peaks, the highest rising to 990 metres (3,250 ft), on the south side of the mouth of Blaiklock Glacier in the west part of the Shackleton Range, Antarctica. It was first mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and named for Wallace G. Lowe, a New Zealand photographer with the transpolar party of the expedition in 1956–58.