OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mark Poltoratsky

Mark Fyodorovich Poltoratsky (28 April 1729, Sosnitsa, Kiev Governorate – 24 April 1795, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian Imperial singer (baritone). He was of Ukrainian Cossack descent and an Active State Councillor of Russia. He is the founder of the Russian noble Poltoratsky family.

## Early life

His father was Fyodor Poltoratsky, who settled in the centenary town of Sosnitsa of the Chernigov Regiment of the Hetman's Ukraine and accepted the priesthood. During the period of the hetmanship of Daniel Apostle, on 28 April 1729, Mark was born. The boy was clever, inquisitive, and his father sent him to the "Latin schools" of Chernigov, where he studied for four years.
His studies continued at Kiev-Mogila Academy. In childhood, Mark had a beautiful voice and, as a student, he sang in an academic choir.
In 1744 Mark's voice was heard by Count Alexei Razumovsky (a former chorister), who accompanied Empress Elizabeth Petrovna on her trip to Ukraine. A year later, the young man left his Kiev classmates and traveled to St. Petersburg to sing in the choir at the imperial court. Mark's career was soon appointed "installer" of the court choir.
In 1750 he was the first Slav to be enlisted in the Italian opera troupe, acting under the name "Marko Porturatsky". Three years later he was appointed regent of the Court Singing Chapel. With nominal decrees of the Empress, he repeatedly traveled to select the best voices in Ukraine. In 1754 he was promoted to colonel.
Mark Poltoratsky selected the "small singers", listening to church, monastic, school and other choirs in the hetman's regiments. Dmitry Bortniansky, 9 years old, the son of a Cossack of the Glukhovsky Hundreds of the Nezhinsky Regiment, got into the register of "small singers" of 30 October 1760.
In 1763 Poltoratsky headed the Court Singing Chapel and received hereditary nobility. He died in St. Petersburg and was buried at the Lazarevskoe Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

## Manors

In the 1740s Poltoratsky acquired the village of Gruziny in the Novotorzhsky Uyezd of the Tver Province. The main house with outbuildings, a service building, a forge, a cellar, a boulder bridge, a landscape park, and stone residential peasant houses (21 houses) are preserved.
In 1790 the Transfiguration Church, a replica of the Chesme Church in the capital, was founded by state councilor Mark Fedorovich Poltoratsky in the village of Krasnoye, Staritsky Uyezd, Tver Province.

## Family

Poltoratsky married the daughter of merchant Shemyakin. Widowed, he married the daughter of poor nobles of the Tver Province, Agafokleya Shishkova (29 June 1737 – 12 October 1822), who was not yet 15 years old. She "skillfully disposed of enormous wealth and large economy, holding her servants, kin and a bunch of already married children in her fists". Anna Kern remembered that her grandmother did not know how to read or write, but was "intelligent and responsive". The family had 22 children who formed the Poltoratsky family.
# Desperate Mission

(The) Desperate Mission may refer to:
* Desperate Mission (1965 film), a 1965 Italian-Spanish-French Eurospy film
* The Desperate Mission (1969 film), a 1969 American television film
# Robert Treat Paine Estate

The Robert Treat Paine Estate, known as Stonehurst, is a country house set on 109 acres (44 ha) in Waltham, Massachusetts. It was designed for philanthropist Robert Treat Paine (1835–1910) in a collaboration between architect Henry Hobson Richardson and landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. It is located at 100 Robert Treat Paine Drive. Since 1974 the estate has been owned by the City of Waltham and its grounds kept as a public park, and is believed to be the only residential collaboration by Richardson and Olmsted that is open to the public.

## History

In 1866, Boston lawyer Robert Treat Paine Jr. and his wife Lydia (Lyman) commissioned architect Gridley James Fox Bryant to build a mansarded Second Empire summer house in Waltham. The house and its site were paid for by George Lyman, Lydia's father and owner of an adjacent summer residence, the Lyman Estate. This house was deemed too small for the Paines and their seven children. In October 1883, Richardson and Olmsted made their first visit to the property to discuss relocating the house and expanding it. In July 1884, Olmsted and Richardson produced sketches for a new site atop a rocky ridge with sweeping views to the southeast. In the spring of 1885, construction began while the Paine family traveled to Europe with Phillips Brooks, a family friend and pastor of Trinity Church in Boston. When Richardson died at age 47 in April 1886, the commission was close to completion. The terrace and some interior finishes were completed over the summer.
Robert Treat Paine Jr. died in 1910, and the Paine family continued to occupy the house until the mid-1960s. In 1974 Theodore Lyman Storer donated the 113-acre (46 ha) property to the city of Waltham.
Episode #2104 of This Old House featured a tour of the estate.

## Gallery

* Close-up of sitting area
* Sundial detail on house
* View from the patio
* Forest trail on the grounds
# Rotellenzia

Rotellenzia is a genus of extremely small deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Seguenziidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Rotellenzia include:
* Rotellenzia lampra (Watson, 1879)
# Oeuvre

Oeuvre(s) or Œuvre(s) may refer to:

## Books

* L'Œuvre, a novel by Émile Zola
* Œuvres, a work by Emil Cioran
* Œuvres, a work by Auguste Brizeux
* Oeuvres, a work by Laurent Pariente
# Uli der Fehlerteufel

Uli der Fehlerteufel (English: "Uli the mistake devil") is a fictional character used in schoolbook exercises. The name in abbreviated form is "Uli", full name "Ulimantulus Irrichmich". The last name is pronounced, "Irr ich mich", which means something like, "Am I wrong?" (However, "Uli" is a common German name, short for Ulrich).
Uli was a rotund little red devil with blue-black hair depicted in German primary school books in the 1970s and the 1980s. Exercises were based on him, where for example Uli had removed the capital letters or punctuation marks from a text and it was up to the student to replace them.
Uli was created by Ilse Herrndobler who developed the character during her work as a teacher in the 1960s. Subsequently about 40 primary school books were published. Due to the enormous success of the "Uli" school books, the children's book author Ellis Kaut (who created the very popular children's book character "Pumuckl") was asked to write stories based on "Uli" which was followed by the "Fehlerteufelgeschichten" (English: "mistake devil stories") in 1974 with illustrations contributed by Franz Josef Ott.
Aside from what he helped students learn, Uli himself remains a fond memory. Comparable English concepts are Typo Fairy or Typo Demon, but while they are generic and open to interpretation, there is only one Uli. He also bears resemblance to Titivillus, a demon who serves Satan by introducing errors into type or writing.
# Epitrix hirtipennis

Epitrix hirtipennis, the tobacco flea beetle, is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America, North America, Oceania, temperate Asia, and Europe.
# Darling Downs Golf Association

The Darling Downs Golf Association consists of 21 affiliated Golf Clubs on Queensland's (Australia) Darling Downs..
# Ghilino Ghilini

Ghilino Ghilini or Guglielmo de Guillini or Ghilino Ghillini (died 1559) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Comacchio (1514–1559).

## Biography

On 1 September 1514, Ghilino Ghilini was appointed during the papacy of Pope Leo X as Bishop of Comacchio. He served as Bishop of Comacchio until his death on 21 December 1559.
While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Lattanzio Roverella, Bishop of Ascoli Piceno (1551).
# Mark Pollok

Mark Pollok (born 1983) is a German engineer, and CEO of Trenkwalder Group AG.

## Professional career

Pollok began his career at Droege Group AG [de]as a management consultant. In 2017 he joined Trenkwalder Group and was appointed Managing Director of the German Trenkwalder companies. In 2022, he was appointed CEO of Trenkwalder Group.
# Dhamja

Dhamja is a village development committee in Baglung District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,571 and had 497 houses in the village. Only some basic developmental infrastructure are on its way to Dhamja. Most people are dependent to the traditional agriculture for their living. Millet, barley, rice, wheat, and various kinds of seasonal fruits and vegetables are the major crops. The foreign remittance is also considered one of the major source of income for the people living there.
# Some Notes on Rhythm in Verse

Some Notes on Rhythm in Verse by Donald Davie first appeared in the Agenda poetry journal, in the Autumn / Winter issue 1972–73, and was later collected in his book of essays and interviews, Trying To Explain.
It is a short piece comprising seven numbered paragraphs. He makes a case for scansion being 'a sort of crutch or scaffolding in the act of composition'.
The first paragraph states that the boundary between free verse and metred verse is 'smudged'. He writes: "If you shorten an iambic measure to the trimeter, and then allow yourself all the liberties that traditional prosody allows you, you have a measure which few readers will scan, even subconsciously."

## Sources

* Donald Davie, Trying To Explain, University of Michigan, 1979; Carcanet, 1980. ISBN 0-85635-642-5
* This article about a poetry essay or essay collection is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# RBC Place

The RBC Place (formerly HSBC Canada building) is a 23-storey office tower in the city's downtown core of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The building's primary tenant was the headquarters of HSBC Bank Canada, the former Canadian subsidiary of HSBC. The skyscraper, built on the site of the former Hotel Devonshire (built 1925 and demolished 1981), was originally designed by WZMH Architects for the Bank of British Columbia. The assets of the Bank of British Columbia were acquired by HSBC Bank Canada in 1986. It was renamed "RBC Place" in 2024.
The building's lobby features a gigantic magnetically induced pendulum artwork entitled "The Pendulum" by Alan Storey. The building has been home to HSBC Canada since 1987.
The building, aside from its prominent role within the banking and financial industries, is also host to several shops and businesses that cater to those who work, live, and play in and around the Financial District. For example: Lasik MD's clinic, a laser eye surgery service provider and Sciué, an Italian artisan pizza/coffee stand are both located in the lobby.
* Lobby
* The Pendulum
# Ogechi

Ogechi is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Ogechi Adeola, Nigerian business academic
* Ogechi Ogwudu, Nigerian taekwondo practitioner
* Ogechi Onyinanya (born 1985), Nigerian footballer
# Ukrainian conspiracy theories in US politics

Conspiracy theories alleging Ukrainian interference in US politics include:
* Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal
* Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory
* Russia investigation origins counter-narrative
# Pledge to Africa Act

The Pledge to Africa Act is an Act of the Parliament of Canada. It was Bill C-9 of the third session of the 37th Canadian Parliament. The legislation amends the Patent Act and the Food and Drugs Act to implement Canada's Access to Medicines Regime. It represented the first implementation of the TRIPS flexibilities declared in the August 30, 2003, General Council decision. Enacted in May 2004, it allows Canada to enact compulsory licenses to export essential medicines to countries without the capacity to manufacture their own. Other countries that have since enacted similar legislation include Norway and India.

## Purpose

The purpose of the Act is to improve access to drugs for developing countries that lack the resources to manufacture the drugs and cannot afford to buy them at the usual market cost. The drugs that fight these diseases are expensive to create and manufacture and thus are usually unaffordable for those who need them the most.
The Pledge to Africa Act allows for the patents on these drugs to be overridden so that manufacturers can produce generic versions of the drug to sell in underdeveloped countries.

## Criticisms

Some questions have been raised concerning the Act's efficacy, or lack thereof, at increasing the availability of pharmaceuticals in poor nations. It took a full year from the time the bill was introduced to the time that it came into effect. Since the Act came into effect in 2005, only one drug has been manufactured and exported under the act. It has been suggested that this is because restrictions incorporated into the Act make it too difficult for generic drug companies to get permission to produce a generic and to export it to countries in need. The process for obtaining patent exemptions under the Act is quite costly, and the exemption must be renewed every two years. As such, it may not be economically viable for generic drug makers to apply for an exemption, or even if it is, the expense and mandated frequent renewals may tend to discourage generic makers from applying. Additionally, exporting pharmaceuticals under the Act to countries that are not part of the World Trade Organization's TRIPS agreement is made more difficult by further restrictions.

## References and notes

* 1 2 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-07. Retrieved 2008-07-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
* ↑ The Jean Chrétien Pledge to Africa Act: Patent Law and Humanitarian Aid
* 1 2 3 ipilogue » Blog Archive » Is Canada Delivering on its Pledge to Aid Africa?
* ↑ Access to Drugs Initiative – History Archived 2008-08-03 at the Wayback Machine
* ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2008-07-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
# Gianluca Maria Tavarelli

Gianluca Maria Tavarelli (born 27 September 1964) is an Italian director and screenwriter.

## Life and career

Born in Turin, Tavarelli was self-taught, initially producing several Super 8 and 16 mm short films. After directing several commercials, shorts and television documentaries, he made his feature film debut in 1994 with Take Me Away, which premiered at the Venice Film Festival and won the Grand Prix at the Annecy Film Festival. In 2001 he received two Nastro d'Argento nominations for the film This Is Not Paradise, for best screenplay and best original story. He has a daughter named Zoe who is an actress.

## Selected filmography

* Take Me Away (1994)
* A Love (1999)
* This Is Not Paradise (2000)
* Break Free (2003)
* Don't Make Any Plans for Tonight (2006)
* Another South (2014)
# Maro Markarian

Maro Yeghishe Markarian (Armenian: Մարո Եղիշեի Մարգարյան) (December 22, 1915, Shulaver, Marneuli region, Georgia – January 28 or 29, 1999, Yerevan, Armenia (buried in Byurakan) was an Armenian poet, translator, member of the USSR Writers Union since 1937.

## Biography

Maro Markarian was born December 22, 1915, in Shulaver (now Shahumyan or Shahumian village, Marneuli region of Georgia) to peasant parents. Markarian received her initial secondary education in her hometown through means of local schooling and was later fortunate to attend the Academy of Painting in 1933 found in Tiflis. Her first poem was published in 1935. Later in 1938 she graduated from the University of Yerevan from the department of literature. She then studied in the postgraduate course of the Armenian branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1967 to 1984 she also worked in the Committee for Cultural Relations with the Diaspora.
The main themes surrounding Markarian's poetry formulates around topics regarding love, human relations, and her homeland Armenia. Markarian's poems have been translated and published in several books in Russian.
She died on January 28 or 29, 1999, in Yerevan, Armenia and is currently buried in Byurakan.

## Family

* Brother: Benjamin Margaryan, astronomer
* Husband: Sargis Bayandur, art critic, Honored Art Worker of the Republic of Armenia
* Daughter: Anahit Bayandur, Armenian translator, Member of the Supreme Council of the First convocation of the Republic of Armenia, human rights activist
* Son: Ashot Bayandur, painter

## Literature

* Felix Bakhchinyan, Kingdom of Nostalgia, Yerevan, 2003.
* Naira Hambardzumyan, Maro Markarian's lyric poetry, Yerevan, 2003.

## Achievements

* Order of Friendship of Peoples, 1985
* Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1983, for the collection of poems "Dedications")
* Laureate of the Avetik Isahakyan Prize, 1981 (for the collection of poems "Dedications")
# Dhalua Union

Dhalua is a union, the smallest administrative body of Bangladesh, located in Nangalkot Upazila, Comilla District, Bangladesh. The total population is 27557.
# Gachetá

Gachetá, Cundinamarca is a municipality and town of Colombia, capital of the Guavio Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca. The urban centre of Gachetá is situated at an altitude of 1,745 metres (5,725 ft) in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The municipality borders Machetá and Manta in the north, the department of Boyacá and Ubalá in the east, Gama and Junín in the south and Guatavita in the west.

## Etymology

The name Gachetá comes from Muysccubun and means "behind our farmfields".

## History

Gachetá before the Spanish conquest was inhabited by the Muisca, organised in their loose Muisca Confederation. Gachetá was part of the domains of the cacique of Guatavita.
Modern Gachetá was founded on April 2, 1593, by Miguel de Ibarra.

## Economy

Main economical activity of Gachetá is agriculture, with main products coffee, maize, yuca, arracacha, potatoes, beans, sugarcane and blackberries cultivated.

## Climate

Climate data for Gachetá, elevation 1,752 m (5,748 ft), (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.5 (77.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.7 (74.7) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.8 (76.6) | 24.1 (75.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.6 (67.3) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.3 (66.7) | 18.7 (65.7) | 18.2 (64.8) | 18.5 (65.3) | 18.8 (65.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 19.3 (66.7) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.1 (66.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) | 12.8 (55.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 14.6 (58.3) | 14.8 (58.6) | 14.5 (58.1) | 14.0 (57.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 13.4 (56.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 13.8 (56.8) | 12.4 (54.3) | 13.7 (56.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28.6 (1.13) | 48.4 (1.91) | 73.6 (2.90) | 134.9 (5.31) | 165.9 (6.53) | 154.0 (6.06) | 152.2 (5.99) | 117.4 (4.62) | 95.3 (3.75) | 113.9 (4.48) | 97.6 (3.84) | 45.1 (1.78) | 1,227 (48.3) |
| Average precipitation days | 7 | 10 | 15 | 21 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 23 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 212 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 68 | 69 | 71 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 74 | 73 | 74 | 71 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 186.0 | 144.0 | 117.8 | 87.0 | 89.9 | 78.0 | 86.8 | 93.0 | 108.0 | 117.8 | 126.0 | 148.8 | 1,383.1 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.0 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 3.8 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales ||||||||||||||

## Gallery

* Central square
* Church
* Guavio Reservoir
# Garikai Mutasa

Garikai N. Mutasa (born 1952) is a Zimbabwean novelist. His novel The Contact (1985) is a victory story of the Zanla guerrillas, based on Soviet socialist-realism models. He previously trained as a teacher at Gweru Teacher's College
# RBC WaterPark Place

RBC WaterPark Place is an office complex designed by WZMH Architects and located at 88 Queens Quay West in Toronto, Canada.
Home to the Royal Bank of Canada, it features a 31-storey tower with 930,000 square feet (86,000 m$^2$) of space and developed by Oxford Properties outside the traditional financial core of the city. The tower began construction in 2011 and was completed in 2014. When proposed the building was to have taken over head office operations from Royal Bank Plaza and now houses some of the bank's operations.

## WaterPark Place I and II

The complex also consists of the twin WaterPark Place, a pair of office towers at 10 Bay Street (18 floors, c. 1990) and 20 Bay Street (24 floors, c. 1986) and connected to Union Station via PATH network.
# Kalahari acacia–baikiaea woodlands

The Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands are an ecoregion located in Botswana, northern Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.

## Setting

These woodlands cover the center of southern Africa, from northern Namibia diagonally through to southeast Botswana and just into the Tuli Block of South Africa. In Botswana there is another area running north from the Okavango Delta and the Makgadikgadi Pan towards the border of the Chobe National Park and then east to the border with Zimbabwe. All this is semi-arid sandveld with little surface water. Droughts occur approximately every seven years. Rainfall, when it occurs, is mostly in the summer, from October through March.
The Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands are bounded on the north by the Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands, and on the east by the Bushveld. The Kalahari xeric savanna lies to the south and west, and the Angolan mopane woodlands to the northwest.

## Flora

The flora depends on the availability of water. The northern section to the west of the Okavango Delta and into Namibia has a moister climate and the Baikiaea plurijuga woodland with bush savanna is dominant. In the hardveld areas to the south, the climate becomes more arid and the plants are dominated by xerophytic acacia.

## Fauna

Fauna includes white and black rhino. Wild dogs and elephant are also notable. Large mammals that migrate through the region include Blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), eland (Taurotragus oryx), zebra (Equus burchelli), buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and red hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus). The region is rich in birdlife including the endemic Bradfield’s hornbill (Tockus bradfieldi).

## Threats and preservation

Problems facing the region include the low but growing human population and the increased cattle ranching. The annual movement of the large herbivores are now stopped by veterinary control fences aimed at foot-and-mouth disease in cattle, with devastating effects on their ability to move to water sources in times of drought. Commercial hunting is a major element of tourism in the region but illegal hunting presents the main threat to wildlife. Protected areas within the region include Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana, Khaudom National Park in Namibia, and Nxai Pan National Park, but there is little protection in the hardveld area to the south of the ecoregion.
The diamond mine at Orapa is in the centre of the region but does not present a threat to wildlife.
# Pratylenchus loosi

Pratylenchus loosi is a plant pathogenic nematode infecting tea and citrus.