OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chiswick School of Art

The Chiswick School of Art, sometimes called the Chiswick School of Art and Science, was an art school in Bath Road, Bedford Park, London, from 1881 until 1899, which was then merged into the Acton and Chiswick Polytechnic. In 1928, it became the Chiswick Polytechnic and, in 1976, it was merged into the West London Institute of Higher Education.

## Origins

The development of Bedford Park as a garden suburb was made possible by the creation of the District Line in 1869. The lead developer was Jonathan Carr, who in 1875 bought 24 acres (9.7 ha) of land just north of the new Turnham Green Station. The City of London was then thirty minutes away by steam train.
The school was planned to help to give the new garden suburb a sense of community. The arts and crafts architect Maurice Bingham Adams was commissioned to design a School of Art building, which was completed on Bath Road in 1881, near the new Tabard Inn, Richard Norman Shaw's St Michael and All Angels Church, and a shop.
The school was formally opened on Saturday, 19 November 1881, and this was followed by an evening party with the Conservative member of parliament Alexander Beresford Hope presiding.
The new building was illustrated by Thomas Erat Harrison in a book of 1882 called Bedford Park.

## History

At the outset, the school taught "Freehand drawing in all its branches, practical Geometry and perspective, pottery and tile painting, design for decorative purposes – as in Wall-papers, Furniture, Metalwork, Stained Glass".
By 1887, the name of the school had become the Chiswick School of Art and Science, and in November of that year new classes were announced in Chemistry, Steam, and Electricity.
In 1899, the school was taken over by Middlesex County Council to become part of the new Acton and Chiswick Polytechnic. In 1928, the two branches of this were separated, so that the building in Bedford Park became the home of the Chiswick Polytechnic.
The building was destroyed by a V-1 flying bomb in 1944, but a new Chiswick Polytechnic rose from the ashes. In 1976, this was merged into the West London Institute of Higher Education. In the 1980s, the site was acquired by Arts Educational Schools.

## Notable students

Students included Jack Butler Yeats, his sisters Elizabeth and Susan Yeats, and Bruce Angrave.

## Gallery

* Design for the School by Maurice Bingham Adams, 1881
* The community buildings
# S. arenarius

S. arenarius may refer to:
* Spalax arenarius, the sandy mole-rat, a rodent species endemic to Ukraine
* Spalerosophis arenarius, the red spotted royal snake or red-spotted diadem snake, a snake species found in India and Pakistan
# Redgate, Western Australia

Redgate is a small locality located in the South West region of Western Australia in the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River.
# Martainville

Martainville may refer to the communes in France:
* Martainville, Calvados
* Martainville, Eure
* Martainville-Épreville
# Pull switch

A pull switch, also known as pull-cord switch, or light pull, or pull chain is a switch that is actuated by means of a chain or string.

## History

An electric pull switch is attached to a toggle type switch: one pull to switch on and next pull to switch off. It was invented by Harvey Hubbell, who was granted its patent in 1896.

## Mechanics

The most common use of a pull switch is to operate a ceiling electric light. The ceiling fan and mechanical wall fans are also appliances often operated by pull switches. Pull switches may be either two-position (open or closed) or multi-position (allowing for different fan speeds or levels of illumination).
Mounted inside a pull switch, there could be two types of two-position toggle switches. (In both cases the stable physical open- or closed -situation would be switch in outer and string in upper position.) One type would switch to closed (alternatively open) already during the initial pull in the string. The other type would switch to closed (or open) only when releasing after a full pull. With the first type, the weight of the string and handle could accidentally switch the load intermittently on and off, when still around the initial position (depending on the internal spring). This could potentially increase the danger of overheating in the switch.
In a damp environment, electrical pull switches have a safety advantage because the user is separated from the electricity by a significant distance if the lead is made of an electrically insulating material, such as cotton string.
Most commercially available pull switches use a short length of ball chain, which may then be connected to any number of optional leads for added length or decoration. Leads for decoration or utility are usually made of metal or plastic. They can come in many different shapes ranging from animals, geometric shapes, or look just like a weight.
# Robert Harper (conveyancer)

Robert Harper (c. 1700 - 1772) was an English conveyancer and drafter of parliamentary bills.

## Biography

He was born the eldest son of Samuel Harper of Farnley, Yorkshire. He was admitted to Lincoln's Inn on 14 March 1717 and was called to the bar on 5 February 1735. He was a regular attender of meetings of the Council of the Bench, being appointed Master of the Walks in 1752, Keeper of the Black Book in 1753, Dean of Chapel in 1755, Treasurer in 1760 and Master of the Library in 1761.
Harper was also something of an antiquarian, possessing a manuscript of John Hooker's translation of the ‘Modus tenendi parliamentum’ and of Hooker's ‘The Order and Usage how to keep a Parliament in England’. He subscribed to the 1732 edition of Bulstrode Whitelocke's Memorials of English affairs. These works demonstrate a parliamentary bias in his interests.
Harper drafted a considerable number of parliamentary bills. During his most active years, 1732-1762, 458 out of 1,238 Private Acts of Parliament were drafted by Harper (37% of the total). Harper's library was sold in 1802 and the British Museum acquired ‘Private Acts of Parliament of George I, II and III. 62 vols’, which was Harper's law office library.
He died in 1772 and was buried at Lincoln's Inn. He had two sons: Robert (16 February 1729 - 1793) and Samuel (28 December 1732 - 1803). The Leeds Intelligencer remarked on his death that Harper was "deservedly supposed to have been one of the most able conveyancers in England for more than half this present century. He was deeply versed in the laws of his own country, and well acquainted with the history of the modern and ancient nations. His knowledge was great; but his humanity and good temper were above all the modes of expression".
# Roudram 2018

Roudram 2018 is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by Jayaraj. It stars Renji Panicker and K. P. A. C. Leela. The film was released on 18 October 2019.

## Plot

The film's storyline is drawn from real-life events that unfolded in central Travancore during the severe floods that Kerala faced in 2018.

## Cast

* Renji Panicker as Narayanan
* K. P. A. C. Leela as Marykutty
* Nikhil Renji Panicker as young Narayanan
* N.P. Nisa as young Marykutty
* Binu Pappu as Taxi driver
* Sabitha Jayaraj as Pennamma

## Release

Roudram 2018 was released on 18 October 2019 in India, with a subsequent release on 25 October 2019 worldwide. The film became a commercial success at the box office.

## Reception

Deepa Antony of The Times of India awarded the movie a 4 out of 5-star rating and stated, "The film stands as a testament to humanity's vulnerability when faced with the immense power of nature. Through 'Roudram 2018,' Jayaraj once again showcases his mastery in filmmaking. By addressing the sensitive theme of the Kerala floods, which remains vivid in our memories, he skillfully crafts a touching narrative of love and companionship." Padmakumar K. of Onmanorama described it as "An ode to moments of life and nature's fury." A critic from Samayam gave a positive review to the film.
# Somatia

Somatia is the sole genus of the acalyptrate brachyceran fly family Somatiidae. The genus includes about seven Neotropical species of small (3-5 mm long) black and yellow flies with a stout and rounded thorax having transverse suture. The legs are separated from the main body by an elongated post-coxal bridge. The broad abdomen is downcurved. The antenna are elbowed with the arista bipectinate. Somatiids resemble members of the Syringogastridae due to the enlarged pronotum and a postcoxal bridge but they have a petiolate abdomen.
Adult Somatia have been found feeding on a dead caterpillar and aggregating on the extra-floral nectaries of Solanaceae, Bignoniaceae and Passifloraceae.
The placement of the group is doubtful, it is placed in the Diopsoidea but an incomplete phylogenetic analysis has suggested a closeness to the Agromyzidae.
Species in the genus include:
* Somatia aestiva
* Somatia australis
* Somatia carrerai
* Somatia lanei
* Somatia papaveroi
* Somatia schildi
* Somatia sophiston
# Chlorodontopera mandarinata

Chlorodontopera mandarinata is a species of moth in the genus Chlorodontopera.

## Description

It was described by John Henry Leech as being visually similar to Chlorodontopera chalybeata, but with a more strongly toothed and darker shaded hindwing than other Chlorodontopera.
# Ultrashort pulse laser

An ultrashort pulse laser is a laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light, generally of the order of femtoseconds to one picosecond. They are also known as ultrafast lasers owing to the speed at which pulses "turn on" and "off"—not to be confused with the speed at which light propagates, which is determined by the properties of the medium (and has an upper limit), particularly its index of refraction, and can vary as a function of field intensity (i.e. self-phase modulation) and wavelength (chromatic dispersion).
Common current ultrashort pulse laser technologies include Ti-sapphire lasers and dye lasers. High output peak power usually requires chirped pulse amplification of a seed pulse from a modelocked laser. Dealing with high optical powers also needs the nonlinear optical phenomena to be taken in account.

## Use in pathogen inactivation

Tsen and colleagues developed a SEPHODIS (selective photonic disinfection) technology using an ultrashort pulse laser to kill viruses including HIV, influenza virus, and noroviruses. The technique appears to damage viral capsids while preserving other proteins and biological materials, although these claims have been disputed elsewhere. The ultrashort pulse laser treatment may have potential applications in the disinfection of medicines, in the production of inactivated vaccines, and in the possible future treatment of blood-borne viral infections from agents such as HIV and Ebola virus.
# S. aureus

S. aureus may refer to:
* Scleropages aureus, a proposed species of the Asian arowana, a fish species native to Southeast Asia
* Senecio aureus, the golden ragwort, a perennial flowering plant species native to eastern North America
* Sericulus aureus, the flame bowerbird, a bird species endemic to rainforests of New Guinea
* Somatogyrus aureus, the golden pebblesnail, a minute freshwater snail species endemic to the United States
* Staphylococcus aureus, a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus species and the most common cause of staph infections
# Plön (district)

Plön (German pronunciation: ) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Ostholstein and Segeberg, the city of Neumünster, the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, the city of Kiel and the Baltic Sea.

## History

The district was established in 1867. In 1932 it was enlarged with parts of the dissolved district of Bordesholm. During the 20th century some municipalities left the district due to incorporation into the city of Kiel.

## Geography

The inland part of this small district is covered with lakes. The Großer Plöner See ("Great Plön Lake", 29 km$^2$) and the Selenter See ("Lake Selent", 22 km$^2$) are the largest lakes in Schleswig-Holstein. The lakeland and the adjoining parts of the neighbouring district Ostholstein constitute the region called Holstein Switzerland since the countryside is very hilly. However, the highest hill (Bungsberg) is only 168 m high. North of the lakeland there is the Probstei, a region on the coast of the Baltic Sea.

## Coat of arms

| Coat of arms | The coat of arms displays: the nettle leaf from the arms of Holstein an oak leaf, symbolising the forests a grain ear, symbolising agriculture a wavy line and a fish, symbolising the lakelands and the Baltic Sea |

## Towns and municipalities

| Independent towns | and municipalities |
| Plön Preetz Schwentinental | Ascheberg Bönebüttel Bösdorf |
Ämter :
| 1. Bokhorst-Wankendorf Belau Großharrie Rendswühren Ruhwinkel Schillsdorf Stolpe Tasdorf Wankendorf$^1$ 2. Großer Plöner See [seat: Plön] Bosau (Ostholstein district) Dersau Dörnick Grebin Kalübbe Lebrade Nehmten Rantzau Rathjensdorf Wittmoldt 3. Lütjenburg Behrensdorf Blekendorf Dannau Giekau Helmstorf Högsdorf Hohenfelde Hohwacht Kirchnüchel Klamp Kletkamp Lütjenburg$^{1,2}$ Panker Schwartbuck Tröndel | 4. Preetz-Land Barmissen Boksee Bothkamp Großbarkau Honigsee Kirchbarkau Klein Barkau Kühren Lehmkuhlen Löptin Nettelsee Pohnsdorf Postfeld Rastorf Schellhorn$^1$ Wahlstorf Warnau 5. Probstei Barsbek Bendfeld Brodersdorf Fahren Fiefbergen Höhndorf Köhn Krokau Krummbek Laboe Lutterbek Passade Prasdorf Probsteierhagen Schönberg$^1$ Stakendorf Stein Stoltenberg Wendtorf Wisch | 6. Schrevenborn Heikendorf$^1$ Mönkeberg Schönkirchen 7. Selent/Schlesen Dobersdorf Fargau-Pratjau Lammershagen Martensrade Mucheln Schlesen Selent$^1$ |
| $^1$seat of the Amt; $^2$town |||
# Giuseppe Biagi (painter)

Giuseppe Biagi (born 3 February 1949) is an Italian painter and member of the Metacosa Movement.

## Biography

Born in Viareggio, Biagi attended the Carrara High School and then studied later at the University of Pisa. In 1981, he joined the Narciso Art Group founded by critic Giorgio Di Genova. Some of the other artists involved were Michele Cossyro, Giuseppe Rogolino and Luca Maria Patella. Two years later, he joined the Metacosa group with Giuseppe Bartolini, Gianfranco Ferroni, Bernardino Luino, Sandro Luporini, Lino Mannocci and Giorgio Tonelli. The group first exhibited at Villa Paolina in Viareggio in 1983 in an exhibition curated by the critic Roberto Tassi, who kept working with the group in subsequent exhibitions.
In 1988, Biagi had a solo show at Studio Steffanoni in Milan curated by Roberto Tassi and Vittorio Sgarbi. Other solo presentations of his work include Recent Works at the Galleria Forni of Bologna (curated by Flaminio Gualdoni) and at Galleria Il Polittico di Roma in 1990. Biagi's work was also included in the group shows Narcissus, Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rome (1982); Objective Image, Galleria Davico, Turin (1983); and Quinto: Three Years of Engraving, Palazzo della Permanente, Milan (1986). In 1996, he participated in the Quadriennale of National Art in Rome. His work was purchased by the Chamber of Deputies of Montecitorio, Rome.
In 2004, the Metacosa's group met was honoured with a retrospective curated by Philippe Daverio, Phenomenology of Metacosa: 7 Artists in 1979 in Milan and 25 years later at Spazio Oberdan in Milan. In 2007, he participated in the Italian Art exhibition 1968-2007 Painting at Palazzo Reale in Milan curated by Maurizio Sciaccaluga, while in 2011 he was invited by Mina Gregori to participate to the Italian Pavilion curated by Vittorio Sgarbi at the 54th Venice Biennale.
In 2013, Biagu exhibited in an exhibition organized by Porsche, Cofani, at the Portofino Park Museum and Forte dei Marmi, along with Bruno Ceccobelli, Gillo Dorfles, Marco Lodola, and Ben Vautier. Biagi's works are in public museum collections such as the House of Representatives of Rome, GAMC of Viareggio, MAGI '900 – Museum of Artistic and Historical Excellencies in Bologna, and Epicentro Museum in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Messina.

## Selected bibliography

* Alessandro Riva, Giuseppe Biagi: The Pretext of Painting, Galleria La Subbia, Pietrasanta, 2013
* Vittorio Sgarbi, The Painted Room, Bompiani, Milan, 2012
* Giuseppe Biagi "... from land to land ...", Diaphoria, cartilage nº6, Viareggio, 2011
* Ruggero Savinio, Vertical in The Deposited Image, Centobuchi, Ascoli Piceno, 2000
* Giorgio Soavi, Giuseppe Biagi: Works, Ceribelli Gallery, Bergamo, 1998
* Alessandro Riva, "In addition to Reality", Arte Mondadori, August 1996
* Marco Goldin, Twenty Painters in Italy, Marini, Treviso, 1994
* Flaminio Gualdoni, Giuseppe Biagi, The Enchanted Room, Milan, 1992
* Vittorio Sgarbi, The Sling of Biagi, Steffanoni, Milan, 1988
* Vittorio Sgarbi, The Space of Silence, Fondazione Cariplo, Milan, 1987
* Roberto Tassi, La Metacosa, Cedis, Bergamo 1983
* Giorgio Di Genoa, Narcissus, 1981
# Martailly-lès-Brancion

Martailly-lès-Brancion (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Gallery

* Saint-Peter of Brancion church, built during the 12th century.
* Église Saint-Pierre de Brancion. Murals from the Middle Ages in the Saint-Peter of Brancion church.
* Memorial to the French Resistance and maquis during the Second World War.
# Pull printing

Pull printing is a printing feature where a user's print job is held on a server (server-based pull printing) or on a user's workstation (serverless pull printing) and released by the user at any printing device (pulled to the printer) which supports this feature. A number of software products exist that support pull printing. The user needs to first authenticate themselves at the printer, either using embedded software (e.g. i.c.w. a pincode), or an external device (e.g. i.c.w. a smartcard). Once they have been authenticated, the user may select from the list of print jobs from the server, web portal or directly from the client PC which ones they wish to release at the current device. Some systems also allow delegation where the user may access print jobs submitted by other users or systems.

## Advantages

* Flexibility: The user can print first and choose the printer afterwards (while standing next to it).
* IT management: instead of having to manage hundreds of print queues on print servers and multiple printers on the user desktops there is only one print queue on each user PC.
* Costs and environment: Reduces uncollected paper.
* Green IT: the server-less flavour of pull printing allows the removal of all print servers throughout the company. A widget can show users the environmental impact of printing by showing them the number of trees and amount of CO$_2$ and energy used to deliver a print job.
* Security: No more unattended documents on printers output trays, the user must authenticate, increasing privacy policy compliance.
* Accounting: Although this is not really a Pull Printing feature, centralized printing solutions often come with these additional features (e.g. reporting, charging, monitoring).

## Disadvantages

* Speed: The user has to wait for the job to be copied and processed from the moment the print job is pulled.
* Costs: Extra licensing and hardware.
* Specialised software may be required on the server and also possibly on the printer.
* Compatibility: The print driver used when the user initially prints must be compatible with all the devices that the user might release their print job to. Some software solutions can perform conversions or a common print driver to negate this requirement.
* Printer Hardware-Specific: Often solutions are only compatible with certain vendor's own hardware; there are however exceptions.
# Strade

Straide (Irish: An tSráid), or Strade, is a village in County Mayo, Ireland. It is located on the N58 national secondary road between Foxford and Castlebar. The name Strade is an anglicisation of the Irish words an tsráid, meaning the street.
Straide Abbey has a number of carved reliefs on its ruined walls.
George Moore (1727–1799), who founded the Moore Hall estate at Lough Carra, came from Ashbrook House near Strade.
A museum in the village records the story of Michael Davitt who was born in Strade, and how he and Charles Stewart Parnell formed the Land League at the end of the nineteenth century to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land on which they worked.
# Chloroethyl chloroformate

Chloroethyl chloroformates (chemical formula: C$_3$H$_4$Cl$_2$O$_2$) are a pair of related chemical compounds. They can be used to form protecting groups and as N-dealkylating agents.
They are listed as extremely hazardous substances.
# Kale, Konjic

Kale is a village in the municipality of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 43, all Bosniaks.
# Presidente Kennedy, Tocantins

Presidente Kennedy, Tocantins is a municipality in the state of Tocantins in the Northern region of Brazil.
# Religions et religion

Religions et religion was an 1880 political tract by Victor Hugo supporting belief in God but attacking organized religion.
* This article related to a book about religion is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gliding Club of Victoria

The Gliding Club of Victoria was founded in 1929 and moved to the Benalla Airport in 1953. The club held the World Gliding Championships at Benalla in 1987 and 2017.
# Martainville, Eure

Martainville is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.
# Rod Keenan

Rod Keenan (born July 3, 1968, in Great Bend, Kansas) is an American milliner and is the creator of a handcrafted men's headwear collection that is marketed under his label Rod Keenan New York.

## Early years and education

Keenan grew up in Great Bend, Kansas; he graduated from the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, and he attended the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City and the Parsons School of Design in Paris, France.

## Career

Keenan is a famously reclusive New York milliner, who is well known in fashion circles for re-establishing men’s headwear as a fashion commodity in the early 1990s. Keenan is additionally noted for choosing to locate his design studio in the Manhattan neighborhood of Harlem, New York.
Inducted into the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) in 2006, Keenan has spent the past few years expanding his customer base from celebrities and fashion magazines to broader clientele of fashion consumers.

## Inspiration

Drawing on sources that are as divergent as the Dadaists, Elsa Schiaparelli, ancient Egypt, and Kurt Weill, Keenan maintains a characteristic New York vernacular, while he designs in the finest Italian tradition, and executes his work with British millinery precision.

## Clientele

In addition to creating hats for celebrities such as Elvis Costello, the Scissor Sisters, Snoop Dogg, Justin Timberlake, and Brad Pitt, among others, Keenan has also designed hats for designers Paul Smith and Dries van Noten. Additionally, Keenan's hat collections can be found in Barneys New York, and Harvey Nichols in London, England.
# Gabellini

Gabellini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gianfranca Gabellini (born 1938), birth name of Italian actress Scilla Gabel
* Lorenzo Gabellini (born 1999), Italian motorcycle racer
* Michael Gabellini (born 1958), American architect
* Stefano Gabellini (born 1965), Italian racing driver