OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edvard Bull Jr.

Edvard Bull (22 November 1914 – 15 December 1986), Edvard Bull d.y. or Edvard Bull Jr. was a Norwegian professor and historian.

## Biography

He was born in Kristiania as the son of professor and politician Edvard Bull, Sr. and Lucie Juliane Antonette Voss 1886–1970). He was active member of the Workers' Youth League (AUF). During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was imprisoned and sent to labour work in Kirkenes, and later incarcerated at Grini.
He attended the University of Oslo and was appointed to the cand.philol. in 1939; dr.philos. in 1958. He was a lecturer in Oslo from 1939 to 1948, curator at the Norwegian Folk Museum from 1950 to 1962, professor of history at the Norwegian College of Teaching, (later the Norwegian University of Science and Technology) from 1963 to 1981 and rector there from 1966 to 1969.
He wrote a large number of articles and several books, in particular on social history and the history of the Norwegian labour movement. Among his books is volume one of Arbeiderbevegelsens historie i Norge a six-volume history series, published by Tiden Norsk Forlag between the years 1985–1990.
He also wrote two volumes for Cappelens Norgeshistorie, the Cappelen series on Norwegian history: Volume 13 Klassekamp og fellesskap 1920-1945 and Volume 14 Norge i den rike verden tiden etter 1945.

## Personal life

He was married in 1939 to Andrea Nilsine Rockmann Olsen.

## Selected works

* Arbeiderklassen blir til. 1850–1900 ISBN 82-10-02751-4
* Retten til en fortid sosialhistoriske artikler ISBN 82-00-05720-8
* Norge i den rike verden tiden etter 1945 ISBN 82-02-03449-3
* Klassekamp og fellesskap 1920-1945 ISBN 82-02-15333-6
# Edme Bovinet

Edme Bovinet, a French engraver, who was born at Chaumont in 1767, was a pupil of Jean-Baptiste Patas. His works are after the most eminent Italian, Dutch, and French painters; some are in the Galerie du Musée Napoléon. He died at Creil about 1832.
The best of his engravings are:
* The Campo Vaccino; after Claude Lorraine.
* The Schoolmaster; after Ostade.
* Orpheus and Eurydice; after Poussin.
# Edwin Alexander Gardner

Edwin Alexander Gardner (1902–1986) was a Canadian architect. He succeeded Joseph Charles Gustave Brault as Canada's Chief Dominion Architect, serving in that post from 1952 to 1963.
# Edmund Uvedale (died 1621)

Edmund Uvedale (died 1621), of Little Crichel, Dorset, was an English politician.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Corfe Castle in 1572.
# Educational Philosophy and Theory

Educational Philosophy and Theory is a peer-reviewed philosophy journal covering educational theory and the philosophy of education. It was established in 1969 by Les Brown (University of New South Wales), with its first issue being published in May of that year. It went on to become the official journal of the Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia, which was founded the following year. It is published fourteen times per year by Taylor & Francis and the editor-in-chief is Michael Adrian Peters (Beijing Normal University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 1.267, ranking it 177th out of 238 journals in the category "Education & Educational Research".
# Edward Burton (Jesuit)

Edward Catcher (alias Burton, c. 1585–1623), was an English Jesuit, from London.

## Biography

Catcher (alias Burton) was the son of Edward Catcher of London, was born in 1584 or 1586, and studied at Balliol College, Oxford, where he obtained a B.A. He was reconciled to the Catholic Church in 1606, entered the English College at Rome the same year. He completed his studies at the English College, Valladolid and joined the Society of Jesus at Louvain in 1609 or 1611. He was procurator of the order at Liège 1621–1623, and died on the English mission about 1624.

## Works

Catcher translated into English Father François Véron's sermons preached before the Duke de Longueville, and his Defeat of Henshe, the Calvinistic Minister, printed at Douai 1616.
# Edward Burton (priest)

Edward Edmund Burton (1737-1817) was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Burton was born in County Galway and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was appointed Prebendary of Kilmeen then Faldown at Tuam Cathedral in 1768. in 1771 he became Archdeacon of Tuam and Vicar general of the diocese. from 1795 until 1796; and Dean of Killala from then until his death in 1817.
# Edward George Wright

Edward George Wright (14 June 1831 – 12 August 1902) was an independent conservative Member of Parliament in New Zealand.

## Biography

Wright was born in Woolwich, Kent, England, in 1831. After an education in private schools, he worked for Fox, Henderson and Co. He was the engineer for the gasworks in Rome and then worked on the naval dockyards at Royal Arsenal in Woolwich and then Aldershot. He married in September 1854 at London and went to New Zealand with his wife and their first two sons in 1857, with another one born in their chosen country.
In Canterbury, he was responsible for many of the engineering works, especially bridges.
He represented the Coleridge electorate from 1879 to 1881, then the Ashburton electorate from 1881 to 16 May 1884, when he resigned. He unsuccessfully contested the 1885 by-election for Wakanui. In the 1887 election, he contested the Avon electorate, but was defeated by Edwin Blake.
He was successful again in the 1890 election in the Ashburton electorate. In the 1893 election, he was defeated in the Rangitata electorate. He was once again successful in the 1896 election in the Ashburton electorate. He retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1899.
Wright was chairman of the Lyttelton Harbour Board for four periods.
Wright died at his homestead Windermere, after which a locality between Hinds and Winslow is named, on 12 August 1902. He was survived by his wife and five children. He was buried at Windermere Church.
# Edward Linden

Edward Linden (born Edwin Gilbert Linden, August 26, 1891, in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, USA; died November 15, 1956 (age 68) in Los Angeles, California, USA) was an American cinematographer. He served as cinematographer for King Kong, Son of Kong, and the Frank Buck serial Jungle Menace, as well directing Scar Hanan.

## Career

During World War I, Linden worked in Chicago for the Selig Polyscope Company as a motion picture photographer, according to his World War I draft registration card. His career started in the silent film era with A Modern Day Mother Goose and The Mask. Linden was most notably associated with his cinematography/photography work on King Kong. Following his work on Son of Kong, Linden photographed a string of B pictures and westerns, including Slaves in Bondage, Isle of Destiny, The Lost City, Today I Hang, The Dawn Express, Rough Riding Ranger, The Secret of Treasure Island, The Man in the Saddle, City of Missing Girls, Hard Guy, The Werewolf, A Yank in Libya, and The Mysterious Pilot. Linden moved into television in the 1950s. He was noted for his choice of camera, the Mitchell no. 66, which he used during the filming of King Kong, and for his visual/special effects work in The Adventures of Mark Twain.

## Work with Frank Buck

In 1937, Linden was a cinematographer for the Frank Buck serial Jungle Menace.

## Selected filmography

* Mine to Keep (1923)
* Other Men's Daughters (1923)
* The Love Trap (1923)
* The Riding Comet (1925)
* Scar Hanan (1925)
* Speeding Hoofs (1927)
* The Range Riders (1927)
* Hard Fists (1927)
* Set Free (1927)
* Paroled from the Big House (1938)
* Crashing Thru (1939)
* I'll Sell My Life (1941)
# Edward Lutwyche Parker

Edward Lutwyche Parker (1785–1850), was a United States Presbyterian clergyman. Rev. Edward L. Parker was a brother-in-law of Rev. Abishai Alden, nephew of Barnabas and Mary Patterson Alden, grandaunt of Key West Mayor (Col.) Alexander Patterson, grandfather of Eva Patterson Braxton. Eva was the daughter of George and Ida Euphemia Bethel Patterson. Ida was the daughter of Key West (Florida) mayor Winer Bethel.

## Life

He was born in Litchfield, New Hampshire, on 28 July 1785. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1807, and studied divinity at Hanover, New Hampshire, and subsequently at Thetford, Vermont, and Salem, Massachusetts. Edward was the son of Dr. Jonathan and Dorothy Coffin Parker. Dr. Jonathan Parker was the son of Rev Thomas Parker, a minister at Dracut, Massachusetts. Rev. Parker's father was Capt or Lt. Josiah Parker, son of Capt. James Parker (b. 1617). Capt. Parker was an ancestor of Mrs. Major Samuel Lawrence.
Sarah Loring resided at 267 Clarendon Street in Boston Back Bay, Massachusetts. Alexander Hamilton Rice Sr., as Boston mayor, led the development of the Boston Back Bay area. The first land development company in Boston, Massachusetts, was the Mt Vernon Properties. John Dandridge Henley Luce also resided at 267 Clarendon Street. John's father was Adm. Stephen Bleecker Luce, father of the US Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. John D.H. Luce was a grandson of Capt John Dandridge Henley, a nephew of George Washington. Capt Henley served in the Barbary War with Capt John Trippe, an ancestor of Juan Trippe, founder of Pan American Airlines in Key West, Florida. [Adm Stephen B. Luce struck his flag aboard the USS Galenia in Key West, Florida, in 1887. Adm. Luce's grandson was Maj. Stephen Henley Noyes, US Army pioneer aviator and photographer. Major Noyes was a descendant of Rev James Noyes Jr., a co-founder and trustee of Yale College. Major Noyes was a 6x great grandson of Rhode Island Gov. Benedict Arnold. Commodore Matthew C. Perry, the military founder of Key West, Florida, was a 4x great-grandson of Gov. Benedict Arnold.
From 1819 until his death, Parker was pastor of the Presbyterian church in Londonderry, New Hampshire.
Parker died in Derry, New Hampshire, on 14 July 1850.

## Works

Parker published ten sermons, and left a History of Londonderry, which was printed, with a memoir (Boston, 1851).
# Eighteenth Area Army

The Eighteenth Area Army (第18方面軍, Dai jyūhachi hōmen gun) was a field army of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

## History

The 18th Area Army was originally formed on January 4, 1943, as the Thailand Garrison Command (泰国駐屯軍司令官, Tai-koku Chūtongun shirebu). It was renamed the Thirty-ninth Army on December 14, 1944, and became the 18th Area Army on July 7, 1945, shortly before the end of the Pacific War.
The 18th Area Army was under the control of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group as a military reserve and garrison force, ostensibly to help defend the Empire of Japan's nominal ally, the Kingdom of Thailand against possible invasion by the Allies, but in more practical terms, it was present to ensure that Thailand remained an ally to Japan. It was headquartered in Bangkok.
The 18th Area Army was demobilized in Bangkok at the surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945, without having seen combat.

## List of Commanders
### Commanding officer

| | Name | From | To | Notes |
| 1 | Lieutenant General Aketo Nakamura | 4 January 1943 | 20 December 1944 | Siam Garrison Army |
| x | Lieutenant General Aketo Nakamura | 20 December 1944 | 14 July 1945 | Japanese 39th Army |
| x | Lieutenant General Aketo Nakamura | 14 July 1945 | 15 August 1945 | 18th Area Army |

### Chief of Staff

| | Name | From | To | Notes |
| 1 | Major General Seiji Moriya | 4 January 1943 | 21 January 1943 | Siam Garrison Army |
| 2 | Major General Kunitaro Yamada | 21 January 1943 | 22 November 1944 | Siam Garrison Army |
| 3 | Major General Hitoshi Hamada | 22 November 1944 | 20 December 1944 | Siam Garrison Army |
| 1 | Major General Hitoshi Hamada | 20 December 1944 | 9 July 1945 | Japanese 39th Army |
| 2 | Major General Tadashi Hanaya | 9 July 1945 | 14 July 1945 | Japanese 39th Army |
| 1 | Major General Tadashi Hanaya | 14 July 1945 | 15 August 1945 | Japanese 18th Area Army |
# Eilema flavicosta

Eilema flavicosta is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Frederic Moore in 1878. It is found in the Indian state of Assam and Borneo.
# El Hamadia District

El Hamadia District is a district of Bordj Bou Arréridj Province, Algeria.

## Municipalities

The district is further divided into 4 municipalities:
* El Hamadia
* El Ach
* Ksour
* Rabta
35°58′47″N 4°44′51″E﻿ / ﻿35.979604°N 4.747467°E﻿ / 35.979604; 4.747467
* This article about a location in Bordj Bou Arréridj Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ein Traumspiel

Ein Traumspiel is a German-language opera by Aribert Reimann after the 1901 play A Dream Play (Swedish: Ett drömspel) by August Strindberg. Carla Henius arranged the translation to German by Peter Weiss for a libretto. Reimann composed the opera in 1963 and 1964 on a commission from Theater Kiel. It was premiered at the Opernhaus Kiel on 20 June 1965, staged by Joachim Klaiber [de] and conducted by Michael Gielen. Gielen stepped in for the Generalmusikdirektor who was ill.
# Elachista caranthirella

Elachista caranthirella is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from California.
# El Semillero

El Semillero is a caserío (hamlet) in the Colonia Department of southwestern Uruguay.

## Geography

The hamlet is located on Route 50, halfway between its junction with Route 1 and the small town of Tarariras. Its distance by road from the capital of the department, Colonia del Sacramento, is about 24 kilometres (15 mi).

## Population

In 2011 El Semillero had a population of 600.
| Year | Population |
| 1963 | 271 |
| 1975 | 342 |
| 1985 | 468 |
| 1996 | 375 |
| 2004 | 523 |
| 2011 | 600 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay
# Elachista pumila

Elachista pumila is a species of moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by John S. Dugdale in 1971. This species is endemic to New Zealand, and can be found on Auckland Island.
# Eknathi Bhagwat

Eknathi Bhagwat is a book written by Sant Eknath of the Marathi faith. This is major work of Varkari Sampradaya. Eknath had begun writing the Eknathi Bhagwat in Paithan finishing it in Varanasi. The text contains a total of 18,798 owee (poetic metre). Dnyaneshwari and eknathi bhagwat are texts based on the same principle and supplement mutually. Dnyanehwari contains The message given to Arjun by Shri Krishna whereas bhagwat contains the massage given to Uddhava. Bhagwat includes 31 chapters out of which the first 5 chapters were written in Paithan and the rest of 26 in Varanasi. Eknath took reference from Sanskrit Acharya Shridhar while writing on bhagwat. The text begins with worshiping lord ganesh.
# Elapattha Divisional Secretariat

Elapattha Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Ratnapura District, of Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka.
# Eldorado Department

Eldorado Department is a department of Misiones Province, Argentina.
Eldorado is a town of about 70,000 people. Located in the north of Misiones, Argentina, one hour from Iguazú and two hours from Posadas (the regional capital), it relied largely on sawmills in the area for its economy, but many independent sawmill operators were put out of business or bought out by a firm called Alto Parana with backing from its Chilean parent company.
Throughout the region there are many Jesuit ruins.
Misiones itself has been made famous by the film The Mission.
26°24′04″S 54°37′07″W﻿ / ﻿26.40111°S 54.61861°W﻿ / -26.40111; -54.61861
* This article about a place in Misiones Province, Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Elastic cartilage

Elastic cartilage, fibroelastic cartilage or yellow fibrocartilage is a type of cartilage present in the pinnae (auricles) of the ear giving it shape, provides shape for the lateral region of the external auditory meatus, medial part of the auditory canal Eustachian tube, corniculate and cuneiform laryneal cartilages, and the epiglottis. It contains elastic fiber networks and collagen type II fibers. The principal protein is elastin.

## Structure

Elastic cartilage is histologically similar to hyaline cartilage but contains many yellow elastic fibers lying in a solid matrix. These fibers form bundles that appear dark under a microscope. The elastic fibers require special staining since when it is stained using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain it appears the same as hyaline cartilage. Verhoeff van Geison stains are used (giving the elastic fibers a black color), but aldehyde fuchsin stains, Weigert's elastic stains, and orcein stains also work. These fibers give elastic cartilage great flexibility so that it is able to withstand repeated bending. Similarly to hyaline one or multiple chondrocytes lie between the spaces (or lacunea) in the fibres. The chondrocytes only make up 2% of the tissue's volume. Chondrocytes and the extracellular matrix are contained in an outerlayer named the perichondrium (which is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage which is independent of the joint). It is found in the epiglottis (part of the larynx), and the pinnae (the external ear flaps of many mammals). Elastin fibers stain dark purple/black with Verhoeff's stain.
The extracellular matrix contains Elastin, fibrillin, glycoproteins, collagen types II, IX, X, and XI, and the proteoglycan aggrecan. the components within the extracellular matrix are produced by the chondroblasts located within the edges of the perichondrium.
Elastic fibers within the extracellular matrix are made up of elastin proteins which co-polymerize with fibrillin forming fiber-like elastic chains. When the elastic fibers are relaxed the elastic chains appear disorganized, when tensile pressure is give the elastic chains appear organized and return to a disorganized state when the pressure is released.
Collagen fibers form networks to provide strength and structural framework for the molecules within the extracellular matrix.

## Function

* Provide support
* Maintain shape in response to tension, compression, and bending
# Elen Christensen

Elen Sofie Elster Christensen (11 January 1904 – 1 December 1967) was a Norwegian sculptor of the 20th century. Her public works grace a number of Norwegian cities and towns, including Gutten som ser fremover, a statue in Trondheim that honors shipping magnate Harry Borthens.
Christensen debuted her art in 1936 with the sculpted female head entitled Helg. In 1942, during the German occupation, she held her first solo show at Hammerlunds Kunsthandel, Oslo, under the title Skulptur i hjemmene (Sculpture in Homes). During her career, her works were exhibited in a number of shows into the 1960s, including in Sweden and France.
Her works are mainly small format pieces in bronze and terracotta with a disciplined sense of form. Children and animals were her preferred subject models, resulting in such works as Liten Adam in polished black syenite (1936), Stolarrest (bronze, 1950), Abe med Honningkake (colored terracotta, 1959) and Reinsdyråring får horn (1962).
Christensen created a series of portraits and busts that are characterized by the expression of the subjects’ being and personality through form and line, such as seen, for example, in the bust of director Sigurd Houth (bronze, 1942). Other busts include those of architect J.F. Macody Lund (1944), and the jurist and World War II resistance hero Johan Bernhard Hjort.

## Personal life and education

Born to Hjalmar Christensen, a writer and journalist, and Olga Helberg (who was herself an artist) in Oslo on 11 January 1904, Christensen was raised by her mother and step-father, who was a priest, after her parents divorced. Her mother Olga had trained in Berlin as an artist of fine arts, and this apparently led Christensen to pursue an artistic endeavor as well, although she initially trained as an agronomist.
She began her artistic training as a visiting student at the Norwegian Institute of Technology under Professor Harald Krohg Stabell, studying drawing and watercolor, and under sculptor Harald Samuelsen studying modeling. She also attended the National Art Academy in Oslo under Wilhelm Rasmussen from 1934 to 1937 and was a student of the famed Emile-Antoine Bourdelle in Paris.
She was married three times, to Peter Holst Høstmark, Bjørn Ivar Sundet Johanssen, and Sigurd Bjørnsen. She had at least two children, one by Høstmark and other with Johanssen. Her granddaughter is also an artist.
Elen Christensen died in Oslo on 1 December 1967.

## Public works and works in public collections

* Bust of J.F. Macody Lund (bronze, 1944), Vår Frelsers Gravlund (Cemetery) Oslo
* Tenåring (Teen) (1960), Sandnes high school
* Gutten som ser fremover Archived 2017-09-04 at the Wayback Machine (bronze, ca. 1961), Trondheim
* Sailors’ Memorial Plaque, Fred Olsen's Offices, Oslo
# Electricity price area

An electricity price area is a zone throughout which the electricity is traded at the same spot price on a power exchange. An electricity price area is decided by transmission system operator and can be a whole country, or parts of it.

## EPADs and price area risk

The electricity price usually differs from the system price from one price area to another, e.g. when there are constraints in the transmission grid. A special contract for difference called Electricity Price Area Differentials or EPAD allows members on the power exchange to hedge against this market risk called area price risk.
# Eli Corrêa Filho

Adriano Eli Corrêa (born 13 January 1976) more commonly known as Eli Corrêa Filho is a Brazilian politician and radio personality. He has spent his political career representing São Paulo, having served as federal deputy representative since 2011.

## Personal life

Corrêa is the son of Antônio Eli Corrêa, better known as Eli Corrêa, a famed radio personality from Paraná, and Ana Maria Pacolo, a psychologist and lawyer. He is married Francislene Assis de Almeida Corrêa and has two daughter: Sophia e Luna. Corrêa himself has worked as a radio personality himself for several decades in his home city of São Paulo.

## Political career

Corrêa voted in favor of the impeachment against then-president Dilma Rousseff and political reformation. He would later vote in against opening a corruption investigation against Rousseff's successor Michel Temer, and voted in favor of the 2017 Brazilian labor reforms.
# Elizabeth Dacheray

Elizabeth Dacheray (or D’Acheray, D’Acheray, Dachery, Dachry) (active 1780–1784) was an English publisher and print seller, with a shop at St. James Street, London. Around sixty of her prints are in the British Museum and are described in volume six of the Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum.
Her output was predominantly political, and she is significant as an early publisher of James Gillray for whom she published over 20 prints in between 1780 and 1784, including a number for the 1784 Westminster Election. She published prints by Edward Topham and at least five political satires by Thomas Rowlandson, including the celebrated Covent Garden Nightmare, a parody of Henry Fuseli's painting, The Nightmare (later reissued by William Humphrey under his own imprint), and Sir Cecil's budget for paying the national debt. The latter was after a drawing by an amateur, still in the British Museum, London; it is likely that, like Mary Darly and some other London printsellers, she offered a service to have the designs of amateur artists turned into caricature prints. Little is known about her, but the several variant spellings of her name, such as D'Acheray, suggest she may have been of French Huguenot descent.
She was one of a number of woman publishers who ran successful print selling businesses in 18th century London; others include Mary Darly, Hannah Humphrey, Mrs Lay, and Elizabeth Jackson.