OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roy Fagan

Roy Frederick Fagan (28 December 1905 – 18 July 1990) was an Australian Labor Party politician, who was Deputy Premier of Tasmania from 1959 to 1969.

## Early life

Fagan was born in Waratah, Tasmania in 1905, the eldest son of James Fagan and Annie Theresa Breheney. His younger siblings were two brothers, Kevin and Vin, and a sister, Sheila. His Catholic mother sent him to St Virgil's College in Hobart to be schooled, although his Catholicism lapsed once he moved out of home and he was later known to be an agnostic who did not attend Mass.
On leaving school, Fagan joined the staff of the Commonwealth Bank where he worked until 1929, when he resigned to attend university.

## Education and legal career

In 1930, Fagan commenced studies for a law degree at the University of Tasmania. In 1931, he was articled to the firm Gatenby, Johnson & Walker, and in May 1934 he graduated and was admitted to the Bachelor of Laws (LLB). During his studies, he had taken a keen interest in all aspects of university life, and was heavily involved with the Tasmania University Union, serving as the body's president for three years. He was admitted to the Bar in August 1934, after what the Hobart Mercury newspaper called a "brilliant university career". Fagan also completed a Bachelor of Arts and graduated in May 1935.

## Political career

Fagan was asked by the Premier of Tasmania, Robert Cosgrove, to stand for the seat of Wilmot at the 1946 Tasmanian state election. Immediately following declaration of his election, Fagan was appointed Attorney-General in Cosgrove's cabinet.
As attorney-general, Fagan played a key role in the abolition of capital punishment in Tasmania. He commuted 20 death sentences and introduced legislation to abolish the death penalty 12 times before it was eventually passed.

## Personal life

On 8 December 1925, aged 19, Fagan married Estelle Cooney, a shop assistant, in Wynyard. Cooney was pregnant at the time of their marriage, but did not live with Fagan between the time of the daughter's birth or afterwards. Fagan, although he remained married to Estelle, from the early 1930s was in a domestic relationship with fellow university student Mavis Smith. When Estelle died in 1946, Fagan married Smith at a Catholic church in Bellerive on 28 January 1947. They had three sons.
In his later years, Fagan suffered from advanced Alzheimer's disease and died at the age of 84 in Hobart in 1990. The Roy Fagan Centre is a mental health facility in Lenah Valley, Hobart dedicated to older persons with psychiatric illness and/or cognitive impairment, and is named after him.
# Shahlo Mahmudova

Shahlo Nasimovna Mahmudova is an Uzbekistani politician. She was the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of the country after independence, serving from 1991 until 1992.
Mahmudova received her education at the Taskhent Textile Institute, and began her political career with the Young Communist League (Komsomol) in the Soviet era. Eventually she rose to become secretary of the Komsomol of the Uzbek SSR. Soon after independence, President Islam Karimov named her Minister of Foreign Affairs, at the same time decreeing that Zokir Almatov should become Minister of Internal Affairs. It was rumored that her appointment was due to the influence of Shukrullo Mirsaidov. She did not last long in the position; events during her ministry included the entry of Uzbekistan into the United Nations and a state visit by the President of Turkey. She also met with representatives of the government of the United States during her tenure. Otherwise she did not play a major role in the diplomatic life of her country, and during her time at the ministry she kept a relatively low political profile. Later in her career she became Head of the Department for Attracting Foreign Investments and International Cooperation at the Center for Special Secondary Vocational Education, and also worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
# Emily Quihampton

Emily Quihampton (19 July 1834 – 29 March 1909) was a 19th-century outdoor enthusiast who was the first woman to climb Mont Blanc and Monte Rosa in the same week. These peaks are the highest mountains in France and Switzerland. In his autobiography, Life's a pudding, her son Guy Nickalls says this was in 1868. If this is correct, she would have been pregnant at the time as she gave birth to a daughter, Grace in October 1868.

## Biography

Quihampton was the fifth of nine children of Henry Quihampton and his wife Jane Rush of Little Totham, Maldon, Essex. In 1860 she married Tom Nickalls, a jobber on the London Stock Exchange with a particular expertise in investing in American railroads. He was one of the founding members of London Rowing Club. Together they had twelve children.
Her son Guy Nickalls was an extremely successful rower, winning a gold medal in the 1908 summer Olympic Games. Another son, Vivian Nickalls was also a successful oarsman.
Her daughter Florence married William Adolf Baillie-Grohman, an Anglo-Austrian author. Florence and her husband organised the Tyrolean Relief fund after the first world war to help the destitute population of Trol.
# Encadenados

Encadenados may refer to:
* Encadenados (song), a 1998 song by Chavela Vargas featuring Miguel Bosé
* Encadenados (1969 TV series), a Mexican telenovela
* Encadenados (1988 TV series), a Mexican telenovela
# Encadenados (1969 TV series)

Encadenados, (English: Notorious) is a 1969 Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa and originally transmitted by Telesistema Mexicano.

## Cast

* Ofelia Montesco
* Raúl Farell
* Dacia González
* Tito Junco
# Shadyside, Virginia

Shadyside is an unincorporated community in Northampton County, Virginia, United States.
# Empress Dong

Empress Dong may refer to:
* Empress Dowager Dong (died 189), empress dowager during the Han dynasty
* Empress Dong (Ran Min's wife) (fl. 350–352), wife of Ran Min, emperor of the Ran Wei state
# Michael Prawdin

Michael Prawdin was the pseudonym of Michael Charol (20 January 1894 – 23 December 1970), a Russian-German historical writer.
Born in present-day Ukraine, Charol came to Germany after the Russian Revolution. He studied in Germany, and wrote in German. In 1934, he made a plea for the 'factual novel'.
Prawdin made himself an international reputation with two books on Genghis Khan. The Nazi bureaucrat Heinrich Himmler sufficiently admired the books that he ordered the publication of a one-volume edition in 1938, a copy of which was given to every SS leader; the book appears to have encouraged Adolf Hitler to claim inspiration from Genghis Khan.

## Reception

Gerard Chaliand in his Introduction to a 2006 reprint of The Mongol Empire said Michael Prawdin tells us a story "with great literary talent."
L. Carrington Goodrich reviewed the 1940 translation of The Mongol Empire. He said, "this is a readable book" but added that "the author has made numerous errors, skims lightly over certain important developments, gives only fragments of quotations without credit to translator..., fails to utilize fully his own sources which are far from complete, and makes assumptions which hard indeed to follow. This is slick writing, not sober history". He continued that "part of Prawdin’s trouble is carelessness", and that "some of his suppressions or condensations of material seem surprising because the facts are well known and of general interest".

## Works

* Eine Welt zerbricht: Ein Tatsachenroman, 1933. Translated by Kenneth Kirkness as Double Eagle, London: Selwyn & Blount, 1934.
* Tschingis-Chan, der Sturm aus Asien, 1934, Stuttgart, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
* Tschingis-Chan und sein Erbe, 1935. Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul as The Mongol Empire: Its Rise and Legacy, 1937.
* Johanna die Wahnsinnige, Habsburgs Weg zum Weltreich, 1937. Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul as The Mad Queen of Spain, London: G. Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1938.
* Russland, Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1951.
* Netschajew--von Moskau verschwiegen, 1961. Translated as The Unmentionable Nechaev: A Key to Bolshevism. London: Allen and Unwin, 1961.
* Marie de Rohan, duchesse de Chevreuse, London: Allen & Unwin, 1971.
# Cruiserweight

Cruiserweight is a term associated with:
* Cruiserweight (boxing), a weight class in boxing between light heavyweight and heavyweight
* Cruiserweight (MMA), a weight class in mixed martial arts with an upper weight limit at 225 pounds (102 kg).
* Cruiserweight (professional wrestling), a wrestler weighing below heavyweight
* Cruiserweight (band), an American rock band from Austin, Texas
# Concordat of 1954

The Concordat of 1954 is a concordat of the Catholic Church, signed on 16 June 1954 by the Dominican Republic (then governed by the Third Republic, under the rule of Rafael Trujillo) with the Vatican (during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII).

## Status of the Church

The Dominican Republic offers freedom of religion to its citizens, but the Catholic Church in the country still enjoys certain rights, and is the state religion, due to the concordat.

## Public funds for Church needs

Use of public funds for Church needs and low customs duties on Church goods are two favors given to the Catholic Church by the government.

## Catholic marriage ceremonies

Catholic marriage ceremonies are the only religious marriage ceremonies that are recognized by the state, but marriages can also be performed by government officials. Certain Protestant churches have also asked for official recognition under this agreement.

## Relations with the Rafael Trujillo regime

Under Rafael Trujillo's government, the power of the Catholic Church was limited. Although the Church remained apolitical during much of the Trujillo era, a 1960 pastoral letter of protest against mass arrests of government opponents seriously strained the relationship with the government. The papal nuncio’s attempts to administer humanitarian aid during the 1965 Dominican Civil War were hampered and the struggle intensified.

## Relations in the 1970s and 1980s

The bishops continued to issue statements of protest against human rights violations and poor living standards for the population throughout the 1970s and the 1980s.
# Cordula Schubert

Cordula Schubert (born 21 May 1959) is a German politician. She was a government minister in the last cabinet of East Germany (de Maizière cabinet), and after German reunification worked for the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and the Free State of Saxony's Ministry of Social Affairs.
Schubert was born and grew up in Karl-Marx-Stadt (now Chemnitz). She completed vocational training as a nurse in 1978 and later, from 1983, studied medical pedagogy at the Humboldt University of Berlin. With her Diplom completed in 1987, she taught anatomy and physiology in Karl-Marx-Stadt. In 1982 Schubert had joined the Christian Democratic Union.
Aged 30, Cordula Schubert was elected to the Volkskammer in the 1990 election, and subsequently was appointed as Minister for Youth and Sport in the government of Lothar de Maizière. She held the office until reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990, 199 days after the election. One of Schubert's responsibilities was to disband the DTSB. She faced significant resistance from inside that organisation.
# CCU

CCU may refer to:

## Hospitals

* Coronary care unit, a hospital wing meant for monitoring patients with heart problems
* Critical care unit, in a hospital (UK terminology), similar to intensive care unit (ICU) in other countries; or, a unit that provides higher care than an ICU does

## Technology

* Camera control unit, for a video camera
* Carbon capture and utilization, capturing CO$_2$ emissions and using the captured gas for a practical purpose
* Concurrent users, number of users using the application simultaneously
* Customer Configuration Updating, a software development method.

## Universities

* California Coast University, a university in Santa Ana, California, USA
* Chaudhary Charan Singh University, a University in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh [UP], India
* Chinese Culture University, a university in Taipei, Taiwan
* Cincinnati Christian University, a university in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
* Coastal Carolina University, a university in Horry County, South Carolina, USA
* Colorado Christian University, a liberal arts college in Lakewood, Colorado, USA
* National Chung Cheng University, a public university in Chiayi, Taiwan
* National Chengchi University, a public university in Taipei, Taiwan

## Organizations

* Cambodian Confederation of Unions, a Cambodian national trade union centre
* Compañía de las Cervecerías Unidas, a Chilean drinks and beer company
* Common Cold Unit
* Confederation of Canadian Unions, a labour union central in Canada
* Commonwealth Credit Union, a financial institution in Kentucky
* Correctional Custody Unit, United States Marine Corps

## Other uses

* Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport (Kolkata Airport, IATA code CCU), formerly known as Dum Dum Airport, located in Dum Dum, India
* CCU, a codon for the amino acid proline
# Lestes praecellens

Lestes praecellens is a species of spreadwing in the damselfly family Lestidae.
# Mesherskoye peat railway

The Mesherskoye peat railway is located in Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The peat railway was opened in 1952, and has a total length of 46 kilometres (29 mi) is currently operational; the track gauge is 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in). 55°03′05″N 40°05′26″E﻿ / ﻿55.05131°N 40.09051°E﻿ / 55.05131; 40.09051

## Current status

Mesherskoye peat railway emerged in the 1952s, in the area Klepikovsky District, in a settlement named Bolon. The railway was built for hauling peat and workers and operates year-round with several pairs of trains a day. A peat factory was built and put into operation in 2013.

## Rolling stock
### Locomotives

* TU6A – № 2540
* TU4 – № 2314, 2314, 2054
* ESU2A – № 1003, 997, 684
* Draisine – PMD3
* TD-5U "Pioneer"

### Railroad car

* Flatcar
* Tank car
* Snowplow
* Crane (railroad)
* Tank car – fire train
* Passenger car (rail)
* Track laying cranes
* Open wagon for peat
* Hopper car to transport track ballast
* Historical Photos
* Tank car – fire train
* Railway construction – track laying cranes
* Work train
* Locomotive TU4-2535

## Gallery

* Draisine – PMD3
* Locomotive TU4-2314 with freight train
* Locomotive TU4-2314 with freight train
* Locomotive TU4-2314 with freight train

## References and sources

* ↑ Mesherskoye peat railway
* ↑ Mesherskoye peat history
* ↑ New peat factory – 2013
* ↑ Peat factory – 2013 Archived 2014-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
# Chaconne (Nielsen)

Carl Nielsen's Chaconne, Op. 32, is among the composer's most frequently played compositions for piano.

## Background

In a letter to his daughter Irmelin dated 19 December 1916, Nielsen, who was spending Christmas alone because of difficulties in his marriage with Anne Marie, wrote that he was composing a large Chaconne for piano. "You probably know," he explained, "that the passacaglia and chaconne forms are more or less the same: a fundamental theme or bass that is varied in numerous ways." He hoped with his work for the piano would emulate Bach's beautiful Chaconne for solo violin. On 18 January 1917, he informed Irmelin that the work was finished, telling her he thought it was "a really big piece, and I think effective."

## Premiere and reception

The piece was premiered by Alexander Stoffregen on 13 April 1917 at a concert primarily devoted to Nielsen's songs. Nielsen considered this first performance "a great success". The reviews were generally positive. Vort Land spoke of "an interesting work, but one which needs to be heard several times before one can become completely familiar with its details." Axel Kjerulf in Politiken qualified it as "a fresh and characterful work" but Emilius Bangert, writing in Hovedstaten, found it "very heavy and rather stale, not least in its abstruse piano writing". The most enthusiastic praise came from Gustav Hetsch n Nationaltidende: "It held the audience’s attention the whole time with its many surprises, especially at the beginning, which we would like to have heard again in order to gain a better appreciation of the connections and details. Unfortunately, however, it was not the beginning but the much more easily assimilable conclusion that was repeated after the applause. This much is nevertheless clear: that Nielsen has here produced an interesting and original work in a new field for him."
On 11 February 1918, Christian Christiansen received an ovation when he played the piece during a concert of Nielsen's orchestral works. Charles Kjerulf described the work as "a genuine Carl Nielsen piano-experiment... Everything is just calligraphy, lines and curves, but it’s the most attractive, neatest, old-fashioned ornamentation."

## Music

The Chaconne, an extremely dynamic work, was Nielsen's first piano composition in 16 years. Following a simple opening theme, always in constant motion the piece develops through a crescendo, finally winding down at the end. The 20 variations forming the composition's core have an extensive range, sometimes reflecting Bach's influence, but more often presenting highly complex contrasts. The duration of the piece is approximately 9 minutes.
# Cordula

Cordula may mean:
* Cordula (name)
* Saint Cordula, virgin martyr
** Cordula. Graubündner Sage, an epic poem by Max Waldau, of 1854
* Cordula, a slipper orchid genus nowadays synonymous with Paphiopedilum
* Cordula (film), 1950 film
* Cordula, typical Sardinian dish
# Hafeez Ahmed Khan

Hafeez Ahmed Khan (died 2006) was an Indian classical musician of Hindustani classical music. He is known as one of the leading exponents of the Rampur-Sahaswan gharana, a musical school popular in the northern parts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. He learnt music in gurukul system and pursued his academic studies the conventional way, secured a master's degree in politics and taught at the University of Minnesota. He was a deputy director of the All India Radio and the vice chancellor of the Indira Kala Sangeet University, the only Indian university dedicated to music. He mentored many disciples such as Rajendra Prasanna, Roma Rani Bhattacharya, Sakuntala Narasimhan and Subhendu Ghosh and acted in a German movie on the life of Tansen, by name, The Rain Maker. He was a recipient of the 1996 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 1991. Hafeez Ahmed Khan, who was married to the daughter of renowned singer, Nissar Hussain Khan, died in 2006.
# Corula

Corula is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae. Its only species, Corula geometroides, the ash-grey geometrid, is found in Australia. Both the genus and species were first described by Francis Walker in 1856.
# Coriarachne brunneipes

Coriarachne brunneipes is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. It is found in the United States and Canada. It is commonly found living beneath tree bark. Females are known to guard their egg sac(s) until the spiderlings hatch.
# Coqên County

Coqên County (Tibetan: མཚོ་ཆེན་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 措勤县) is a county in the Ngari Prefecture, in the west of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It is the located in the southeast of Ngari Prefecture.

## Administrative divisions

Coqên county is divided into 1 town and 4 townships:
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie |
| Town |||||
| Coqên Town | 措勤镇 | Cuòqín zhèn | མཚོ་ཆེན་གྲོང་རྡལ། | mtsho chen grong rdal |
| Townships |||||
| Cêri Township | 磁石乡 | Císhí xiāng | མཚེ་རི་ཤང་། | mtshe ri shang |
| Chulho Township | 曲洛乡 | Qǔluò xiāng | ཆུ་ལྷོ་ཤང་། | chu lho shang |
| Gyangrang Township | 江让乡 | Jiāngràng xiāng | རྐྱང་ཧྲེང་ཤང་། | rkyang hreng shang |
| Daxung Township | 达雄乡 | Dáxióng xiāng | ཟླ་གཞུང་ཤང་། | zla gzhung shang |
# Hallo Bay

Hallo Bay (Sugpiaq: Ayut, Ayu) is a sandy bay located beneath the peaks of the Aleutian Range within Katmai National Park. The bay is famous for its bear viewing, since large numbers of grizzly bears are attracted to feast on the rich sedges along the tidal flats of the bay. Sometimes they are also observed digging up clams in the mud, and fishing for salmon in July. The food in the bay is so abundant that at times as many as five to six large bears can be seen at one time feeding on sedges, salmon or clams. The bears are usually timid around humans but have learned to trust them over the years due to decades of no hunting and the gentle nature of visitors. However, an incident in 2003 cost bear enthusiast Timothy Treadwell his life, not far from Hallo Bay.
Visitors to the bay should know that the only places to stay aside from tents are several small cabins and an eating area, called the Hallo Bay Camp. Peak viewing season is July, more information about visitation is available from Katmai National Park & Preserve.
# Corruption (play)

Corruption is a play by J. T. Rogers, recounting (in dramatized form) the true-life phone hacking scandal that engulfed Rupert Murdoch’s media empire in 2011, stunning the world and upending British politics. The production is based on the 2012 book Dial M for Murdoch. The play premiered Off-Broadway in February 2024 at the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theatre at Lincoln Center. The play was directed by Bartlett Sher, who previously directed Rogers' previous play Oslo (2016) which won the Tony Award for Best Play.

## Overview

The play set in 2011 revolves around parliament member Tom Watson who gets quickly engulfed into the News International phone hacking scandal. Watson is on a mission to investigate those behind the hacking while balancing his personal life. Various figures involved in the story include Rebekah Brooks, James Murdoch, and Gordon Brown.

## Origins

J.T. Rogers adapted the play from the 2012 book Dial M for Murdoch: News Corporation and the Corruption of Britain by British Labour Party MP Tom Watson, and Martin Hickman, a journalist with The Independent newspaper. This is the third collaboration between playwright Rogers and director Sher who previously worked together on Blood and Gifts (2010) and Oslo (2016). Of working with Sher, Rogers stated, "There is no one who stages plays better in American theatre".

## Productions
### Off-Broadway

The world premiere production will open on March 11, 2024, at Lincoln Center Theater's Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater following previews from February 15. It was directed by Bartlett Sher who previously collaborated with J.T. Rogers with his play Oslo which won the Tony Award for Best Play. The production stars Toby Stephens as MP Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest and Dylan Baker as Tom Crone and Glenn Mulcaire. The rest of the cast includes Saffron Burrows, Seth Numrich, Anthony Cochrane, and K. Todd Freeman.

## Cast and characters

| Character | Off Broadway, Lincoln Center (2024) |
| Tom Watson | Toby Stephens |
| Tom Crone / Glenn Mulcaire | Dylan Baker |
| Rebekah Brooks | Saffron Burrows |
| James Murdoch | Seth Numrich |
| Gordon Brown | Anthony Cochrane |
| Charlie Brooks / Jeremy Hunt | John Behlmann |
| Siobhan Watson / Surrogate | Robyn Kerr |
| Chris Bryant / Simon Kelner | K. Todd Freeman |
| Karie / Sue Akers / Jo Becker | Eleanor Handley |
| Max Mosley / John Whittingdale / John Bercow | Michael Siberry |
| Charlotte Harris | Sepideh Moafi |