OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palladium coin

Palladium coins are a form of coinage made out of the rare silver-white transition metal palladium. Palladium is assigned the code XPD by ISO 4217. The first palladium coins were produced in 1966.

## History

Sierra Leone issued the first palladium coins in 1966. Tonga commenced issuing palladium coins a year later, in 1967, and those issues included the Tonga Palladium Hau. Since then a number of countries have issued palladium coins, including Canada, the Soviet Union, France, Palau, Portugal, Russia, China, Australia and Slovakia. Most of these have been special commemorative coins.
The former USSR, now the Russian Federation, minted the most palladium coins in the world. Some other popular palladium coins minted by other countries are listed below.

## American Palladium Eagle

A bill authorizing the United States Mint to produce and distribute a one-troy-ounce palladium coin was passed into law on December 14, 2010. The American Palladium Eagle, with a face value of $25, was first issued in 2017.

## Canadian Big & Little Bear Constellations and Palladium Maple Leaf

The Canadian Big & Little Bear Constellations are the lowest-mintage coins ever minted by the Royal Canadian Mint, totaling no more than 1200 coins. There are four versions corresponding to four seasons. Actual mintages are 297 springs, 296 summers, 296 autumns, and 293 winters.
The Royal Canadian Mint minted palladium maple leafs from 2005 to 2007, in 2009, and resumed minting in 2015. These coins are made of 99.95% pure palladium (.9995 quality), each one containing one troy ounce of pure palladium. They are legal tender in Canada. One of the sides bears a single maple leaf (one of the national symbols of Canada), and the other has the effigy of Queen Elizabeth II.
# Robert Burns Wilson

Robert Burns Wilson (October 30, 1850 – March 31, 1916) was an American painter and poet.

## Biography

Wilson was born in Parker, Pennsylvania in 1850. In his teens, he moved to Pittsburgh and, with little formal training, he became a self-taught painter and poet. Wilson eventually traveled to and settled in Frankfort, Kentucky, where he achieved his greatest fame. In 1901, Wilson married Anne Hendrick, daughter of General William J. Hendrick, a former Attorney-General of Kentucky, during a visit to New York. Wilson moved from Kentucky to New York in 1904, and died there in 1916. His body was returned to Frankfort for interment, which he considered his home. He is buried in Frankfort Cemetery near the grave of Daniel Boone.

## Career

As a painter, Wilson is best known for his landscapes of the Kentucky countryside.
Wilson found success as a poet, publishing poems in the major monthly magazines of his day, including Harper's Magazine. Perhaps his most famous poem is "Remember the Maine", based on the battle cry that spurred the United States into the Spanish–American War. While his martial poetry met the spirit of the times, Wilson was best known during his day as a nature poet.
After achieving success as a poet, Wilson tried his hand at prose fiction, publishing Until the Day Break in 1900.
# Half Moon Lake (Polk County, Wisconsin)

Half Moon Lake is located near Milltown, Wisconsin.

## Recreation

Half Moon Lake is located in Polk County, Wisconsin (near Balsam Lake). Many different varieties of panfish (bluegill, sunfish, black crappie, yellow perch, and rock bass) and sport fish (largemouth bass, walleye, and northern pike) can be found in the lake. Which make it a popular destination for fishermen. Other recreational activities include boating, canoeing, swimming and water-skiing in summer and ice fishing and snowmobiling in the winter. The lake has one public beach and one public boat access, both located at the north west end.
# Scolioneura

Scolioneura is a genus of sawflies belonging to the family Tenthredinidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Scolioneura betuleti (Klug, 1816)
* Scolioneura canadensis Marlatt
# H. K. Mulford Company

The H. K. Mulford Company was a pharmaceutical company founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The company was founded in the late 1880s by Henry K. Mulford after his purchase of the Old Simes drugstore at 18th and Market Streets. The company was purchased by Sharp & Dohme Corp in 1929.

## History

Henry Kendall Mulford (October 10, 1866 – October 15, 1937) was a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Soon after purchasing the Old Simes retail pharmacy store, Mulford began producing and selling pharmaceutical preparations. In 1889, he received financial investment to expand operations from Milton Campbell. In 1891, Campbell became president of the company, with Mulford vice president. Milton patented a compressed tablet machine. By 1892 the company had two laboratories, a field office in Chicago, and produced 800 different products.
The company opened a laboratory in Glenolden, Pennsylvania, in 1894 for the production of a diphtheria antitoxin. In 1895, it became the first commercial producer of diphtheria antitoxin in the United States. The company augmented its scientific research with staff and partnerships from the University of Pennsylvania's medical and veterinary departments.
In 1909, the company opened a branch in San Francisco, California.
By 1920, the company employed about one thousand employees and had 52 buildings on a 200-acre property in Glenolden and Folcroft, Pennsylvania. The company property was surrounded by pastures for horses and cows which were needed to produce serum and antitoxins. The company also grew gardens of plants for research and products, including acres of the purple foxglove flower for the heart medicine digitalis.
In 1929, the company merged with Sharp & Dohme Corp. At this time H. K. Mulford company produced many human and veterinary medicines, including a smallpox vaccine, the rabies vaccine, and antivenin.
# Erebia alberganus

Erebia alberganus, the almond ringlet or almond-eyed ringlet, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

## Subspecies

* Erebia alberganus alberganus (Prunner, 1798)
* Erebia alberganus phorcys (Freyer, 1836) (Bulgaria)

## Distribution and habitat

This species can be found in the alpine regions of France, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria, in the mountains of central Italy and in some mountains of the northern Balkans. These butterflies live in flowery meadows, clearings, grassy places, amongst scrub or woodland, at an elevation of 1,000–2,200 metres (3,300–7,200 ft) above sea level.

## Description

Erebia alberganus has a wingspan of 40 mm. These small butterflies have dark brown wings, with a series of distinctive postdiscal oval or almond shaped (hence the common name) orange markings containing small black spots with white highlights. The two sides of the wings are identical. The females usually are slightly larger and lighter brown than the males. Moreover, the eyespots have small white centres.
This species is rather similar to a woodland ringlet but has smaller eyespots. Wheeler (1903) gives a short description (as ceto)
* Erebia alberganus ♂
* Erebia alberganus ♂ △

## Biology

Caterpillars feed on Gramineae, Poa annua, sheep's fescue (Festuca ovina) and sweet vernal-grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum). When they are half-grown they hibernate. They pupate at the following spring. Adults fly from mid-June to August.
# Nezatash Pass

The Nezatash Pass or Neza-Tash Pass (Tajik: Ағбаи Найзатош; Aghbai Nayzatosh) is a mountain pass in the Sarikol Range between Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan and Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang, China. It is situated at an elevation of 4,476 metres (14,685 ft). The name of the path means "spear stone" in Kyrgyz as it is named after a rock near the location.

## History

Neztash Pass is a minor path on the Silk Road. During ancient times, it was not a main Silk Road route due to the fact that it took traveler far from settlements, lacked sources of water, and had a relatively higher elevation.
However, during the 19th century, Neztash Pass was frequently used by European explorers passing through the region.
That path sits on the border between China and Tajikistan in the historic region of Badakhshan. In the 1890s, the Chinese, Russian, and Afghan governments signed a series of agreements that divided Badakhshan, but China contested the result of the division. The dispute was eventually settled in 2002 when Tajikistan and China signed a border agreement.
# Qawm Tubba'

The People of Tubba' (Arabic: قوم تبع, Qawm Tubba) are a group of people mentioned in the Qur'an. They are only mentioned twice; first in the chapter Ad-Dukhan and next in Qaf. They are citizens of pre-Islamic Yemen, whom were given divine punishments for their misdeeds and rejection of the divine messengers sent by God.

## Islamic literature

The word Tubba' was in fact a title which was used by the Himyarites to refer to their rulers. The identity of the Tubba' here is unknown, however scholars including Ibn Kathir, Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Hisham, Ibn al-Kalbi and Tabari have identified him as the Himyarite king Abu Karib. Ibn al-Jawzi also has a narration which cites the Tubba' as being Malikikarib Yuhamin, Abu Karib's father and predecessor.
There is a Hadith of disputed authenticity, which affirms that Tubba' was a believer in a "correct" faith that preceded Islam. However, another narration states that it was not known whether Tubba' was accursed or not. Arab traditions cite that Tubba' converted to Judaism after he was warned by two rabbis at Medina to stay away from the city, as a Prophet would migrate there in future.

## Qur'anic references

The people of Tubba' are mentioned twice in the Qu'ran:
    ۝ Are they better or the people of Tubba' and those who went before them? We destroyed them [for] indeed, they were a criminal people.
    ۝ And the companions of the thicket and the people of Tubba'. All denied the messengers, so My threat was justly fulfilled.
# Château Feytit-Clinet

Château Feytit-Clinet is a Bordeaux wine from the appellation Pomerol. The winery is located on the Right Bank of the Bordeaux wine region, in the commune of Pomerol in the department Gironde. As all wine produced in this appellation, Château Feytit-Clinet is unclassified, but the estate is estimated among the great growths of the region.

## History

Since 1966 Feytit-Clinet was farmed and distributed by Établissements Jean-Pierre Moueix, but after a long-running legal dispute, the owners of the property, the Chasseuil family, regained control of the estate as of the 2000 vintage.

## Production

The vineyard area extends 6.5 hectares (16 acres), with a grape variety distribution of 90% Merlot and 10% Cabernet Franc.
The annual production averages 2,000 cases of the Grand vin Château Feytit-Clinet.
# Corum (Montpellier)

Montpellier's Corum is a building that houses both a conference centre and an opera house (Opéra Berlioz), and is located in the centre of the city in southern France.
It was designed by Claude Vasconi and opened to the public in 1988. The building forms the visual closing of the Esplanade seen from the Place de la Comédie. It is covered in slabs of pink marble. The high costs of the building were subject of political debate in the 1980s, mostly directed against then-mayor Georges Frêche.
The Conference Center has 6000 m² of exhibition space. The Opéra Berlioz, named after Hector Berlioz, seats 2000 persons, and since 1990 has been one of the performance venues for the Opéra National de Montpellier.
# HD 92063

HD 92063 is a single star in the southern constellation of Carina. It has the Bayer designation t$^1$ Carinae, while HD 92063 is the star's identifier from the Henry Draper Catalogue. This is a suspected variable star and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.08. The star is located at a distance of approximately 246 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −10 km/s. Although it appears at the edge of the Carina Nebula, it is much closer than the nebula. It is also not considered a member of the nearby Alessi 5 open cluster of stars.
This is an aging K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K1III, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core then cooled and expanded off the main sequence. At present it has 14 times the radius of the Sun. The star is radiating 72 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,520 K.
# Evgenia Trushnikova

Evgenia Trushnikova (born 23 February 1985) is a Paralympian athlete from Russia competing mainly in category T37 sprint events.

## Sporting career

Trushnikova competed in the 100m, 200m and 400m in Athens at the 2004 Summer Paralympics winning gold in the 200m. In 2008 she competed in the 100m and 200m without any medal success. At the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, Trushnikova was back on the podium, taking bronze in her new specialized distance, the 400 metre race.
Outside of the Paralympics, Trushnikova has found success at both the World and European Athletic Championships. In 2014, she won the 400m title at the European Championships in Swansea and the following year she won the 400 m World title at Doha.
# Caressa Savage

Caressa Savage (born July 14, 1966) is a former American pornographic actress and nude model who appeared in over 170 adult films between around 1995 and 2005.
Over her roughly ten-year career, Savage appeared in 174 productions by companies such as Evil Angel, Legend Video, Leisure time Entertainment, Sin City, VCA Pictures, Vivid Entertainment, and Wicked Pictures predominantly in lesbian and girl/girl scenes.
Savage was featured in the book Top Porn Stars Sex Tips and Tricks, where she stated that she had only worked with women in the adult film industry. Straight Whiskey: A Living History of Sex, Drugs, and Rock and Roll features Savage and fellow porn star Ron Jeremy. In this book, they recount their experiences at the Whisky a Go Go and the Rainbow Bar and Grill.

## Awards

* 1997 AVN Award winner – Best All-Girl Sex Scene, Video (Buttslammers the 13th) with Missy & Misty Rain
* 1999 AVN Award winner - Best All-Girl Sex Scene, Video (Buttslammers 16) with Roxanne Hall & Charlie
# FBR Capital Markets

FBR & Co. (formerly known as Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group) was a capital markets firm headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989 by Emanuel J. Friedman, Eric F. Billings, and W. Russell Ramsey, the company provided investment banking, merger and acquisition advisory, institutional brokerage, and research services through its subsidiaries FBR Capital Markets & Co. and MLV & Co. FBR focused capital and financial expertise on the following industry sectors: consumer; energy & natural resources; financial institutions; healthcare; insurance; industrials; real estate; and technology, media & telecom. FBR was based in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area with offices throughout the United States. In 2017 the company was sold to B. Riley Financial for $160.1 million.

## Alums

In April 2017, Patrick Steel of FBR took over as CEO of Politico from the owner Robert Allbritton. Steel, age 49 at the time of the appointment, had served in President Bill Clinton's administration and contributed money to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and other Democrats. He had been at FBR since 2001 working in IPOs and private placements.
# Oregon Highway 23

Oregon Highway 23 may refer to:
* For the former OR 23, see Oregon Route 23.
* For the unsigned Highway 23, see Dairy-Bonanza Highway.
* For the former unsigned Highway 23, see Klamath-Crater Lake Highway.
# Coleophora struella

Coleophora struella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in France and on the Iberian Peninsula.
The larvae feed on Lavandula and Thymus vulgaris. They create a conical, light brown to greyish lobe case. The lobes are large and very neatly arranged transversely. Full-grown cases are found in April and May.
# Halford III: Winter Songs

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Lords of Metal | 77/100 |
| Metal Express Radio | 9/10 |
Halford III: Winter Songs is the third studio album by the heavy metal band Halford.

## Background

The album was released on November 3, 2009, in the United States, November 9, 2009, in Europe and November 13, 2009, in Germany. It was written, arranged and recorded between 2008 and 2009. The album is Christmas-themed, consisting of traditional holiday favorites made into heavy metal fashion along with a few original arrangements by Rob Halford and producer/guitarist Roy Z.

## Singles

The first single, "Get into the Spirit", was released on September 29, 2009. In 2019, Halford released a second Christmas-themed album entitled Celestial, although this was recorded with family and friends rather than his usual bandmates.

## Track listing

All songs arranged by Rob Halford, Roy Z, Ed Roth, John Baxter.

## Personnel
### Halford

* Rob Halford – vocals
* Roy Z – guitar
* Metal Mike Chlasciak – guitar
* Mike Davis – bass
* Bobby Jarzombek – drums

### Additional performer

* Ed Roth – keyboards

### Production

* Produced and engineered by Roy Z
* Executive producer – John Baxter
* Mixed and engineered by Pete Martinez
* Sound design, percussion, and engineering by John Mattox
* Drum tuning by Mike Fassano
* Mastered by Maor Appelbaum
* Graphic direction, web marketing, and design by Attila Juhasz
* Cover illustration and packaging design by Marc Sasso
* Photography by John Eder, Marc Sasso, David Hildreth, and John Baxter

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 22 |
# Scopula mentzeri

Scopula mentzeri is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found on Crete.
The larvae feed on Berberis cretica.
# HD 91942

HD 91942 is a single variable star in the constellation Carina. It has the Bayer designation r Carinae, while HD 91942 is the identifier from the Henry Draper catalogue. This orange-hued object is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.45. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 1,180 light years from the Sun. The star has an absolute magnitude of −3.77, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +9.9 km/s.
This object is a massive, aging bright giant with a stellar classification of K3II-IIb. It is a suspected variable star that fluctuates in magnitude by an amplitude of 0.05 in the B-band of the UBV photometric system. With the supply of hydrogen exhausted at its core, it has evolved of the main sequence and cooled and expanded to 156 times the Sun's radius. It is an estimated 36 million years old with eight times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating around 5,500 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,983 K.
# Silk Stockings (disambiguation)

Silk Stockings is a 1955 stage musical.
Silk Stockings may also refer to:
* Silk Stockings (1920 film), a silent film with Keene Thompson
* Silk Stockings (1927 film), an American comedy film
* Silk Stockings (1957 film), a film adaptation of the 1955 musical
* Stockings made of silk.
# Nicaraguan diaspora

The 1980s were the backdrop to a savage civil war which saw conflict destroy the nation of Nicaragua, and the lives of 50,000+ civilians in the process. The multicultural country of Nicaragua experienced an excessive outpouring of citizens who fled the nation for their own security. Although many Nicaraguans live in Spain, Mexico, Panama and El Salvador, the majority of Nicaraguans living abroad are in Costa Rica and the United States. Nicaragua has the second largest number in Central America (after El Salvador) of people living abroad, almost 1,200,000.
According to the Pew Hispanic Center, in 2007 there were 306,438 Nicaraguans in the United States. That represents the fourth greatest Central American community in the U.S. Nicaraguans are the largest Central American Community in Florida (esp. in Miami-Dade County) and the third largest in California (i.e. San Francisco and Los Angeles).
According to the 2000 Census, there were 226,374 Nicaraguans in Costa Rica. However, this number is believed to be higher because there were thousands of undocumented immigrants at that time. Probably there are at least 500,000 Nicaraguans in Costa Rica, including illegals migrants.
An effort is being made by the Academia de Genealogía de la Diáspora Nicaragüense by collecting and publishing all the family relations of Nicaraguans living abroad and their connections to their roots in the country.
Nicaraguans living abroad are also found in smaller numbers in Europe including the countries of France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden and the UK; Australia and New Zealand; Canada, Brazil and Argentina; and Japan. Usually the Nicaraguans arrived in those countries fleeing from political oppression and economic conditions.
It's difficult to estimate the number of Nicaraguans living abroad because a substantial amount are living in host countries illegally. The table shows current statistics for certain countries:

## Diaspora of Nicaragua - California

The Diaspora of Nicaragua - California was founded in San Francisco to help to integrate the Nicaraguan community. The purpose of the organization is to help all Nicaraguans living abroad come together; develop plans and goals to help to grow our community; Share our acknowledgments to help each other to grow as individuals and as business owners; help to meet Nicaraguan business owner in order to use our goods and services; organize us in each City and State of the country; promote the right to vote from any country; promote the human rights, peace, equality, social justice and the democracy.
| Country | Count |
| Costa Rica | 350,854 |
| United States | 255,008 |
| Spain | 42,784 69,168 (2022 according to INE) |
| Panama | 15,517 |
| Canada | 10,627 |
| Guatemala | 9,211 |
| El Salvador | 7,956 |
| Honduras | 7,943 |
| Mexico | 4,303 |
| Venezuela | 1,927 |
| Germany | 1,685 |
| Italy | 1,381 775 (2022 according to ISTAT) |
| Nicaraguans living abroad | At least 718,154 |
# Sandridge Park

Sandridge Park, near Stoke Gabriel, Devon, is an English country house in the Italianate style, designed by John Nash around 1805 for the Dowager Lady Ashburton, née Elizabeth Baring, the wife of John Dunning, 1st Baron Ashburton. It is a Grade II* listed building. By 1822 it was leased to Sir Robert Newman.
It is considered to be a late intimation of Nash's development of the Italianate style. Commissioned by the dowager Lady Ashburton as a country retreat, this small country house clearly shows the transition between the picturesque of William Gilpin and Nash's yet to be fully evolved Italianism. While this house can still be described as Regency, its informal asymmetrical plan together with its loggias and balconies of both stone and wrought iron; tower and low pitched roof clearly are very similar to the fully Italianate design of Cronkhill.

## History

Sandridge, on high ground at the head of the River Dart estuary, was held by the Sandridges under the Bishop of Exeter in Henry II's reign. Captain John Davis, the great Elizabethan navigator and explorer, was probably born at Sandridge Barton, the manor farm, in 1543. The Nash house took the place of the former house, which belonged to the descendants of Sir Thomas Pomeroy until the eighteenth century. The house and estate came into the Gilbert family of Compton Castle, Devon, descendants of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (half brother of Sir Walter Raleigh), via the marriage of Humphrey Gilbert (died 1715) to Joan, daughter of Roger Pomeroy. Their son John Gilbert and grandson Pomeroy Gilbert owned the Sandridge house and estate with Pomeroy (died 1770) the owner in 1763; it was unoccupied in 1951, "the park ragged and decaying". Restoration included preservation of the existing fabric and the addition of pergolas to the east and west of the existing building. The work was awarded the Highly Commended, Single Dwelling Category Architect of the Year Awards 2006.
# Oregon Highway 50

Oregon Highway 50 may refer to:
* For the former OR 50, see Oregon Route 50.
* For the unsigned Highway 50, see Klamath Falls-Malin Highway.
* For the former unsigned Highway 50, see Klamath Falls-Weed Highway.