OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Personal sound

In sound technology, personal sound refers to a range of software solutions that customize an audio device's sound output to match the listener's unique hearing sensitivities. The technologies aim to optimize the sound quality in the audio device to ensure they best fit the hearing perception of each unique listener.
Personal sound technology exists today in consumer electronic technologies such as headphones, smart TVs, smart speakers, and mobile apps.

## Types of personal sound technologies

Different personal sound technologies use different scientific principles to customize sound and can be categorized into two groups: those that are founded on a subjective hearing assessment and those that are founded on an objective hearing assessment.

### Subjective

Subjective tests, which are a part and parcel of every clinical Audiometry procedure specifically used to determine a person's hearing, require the listener to give feedback based on what they perceive. A common type of subjective hearing test requires the user to push a button if they can hear a tone that is played at a particular frequency and amplitude.
Historically, hearing aids were used to enable people with hearing loss to understand speech better by measuring their hearing and adjusting devices based on an Audiogram. However, recent developments in the field are enabling listeners with mild to moderate hearing loss, who do not necessarily need hearing aids, to substantially improve their enjoyment of music and sound, in addition to better speech recognition. The establishment of a new class of hearing aids in the U.S. marketed directly to consumers and regulated by the Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act of 2017 reflects these developments.
New devices for customizing music listening have been introduced that employ subjective, full hearing tests. The user responds on the mobile application interface if they perceive tones. The device must communicate with the mobile app via Bluetooth connection. The tones are created from signals produced either in the headphones themselves or via Bluetooth from the mobile device. Oftentimes, the subjective hearing tests assess each ear separately. Products from Beyerdynamic and Skullcandy provide subjective hearing tests that take between 1–3 minutes to complete.
Pure-tone audiometry tests provide accurate descriptions of a person's hearing. Since hearing perception encompasses both acoustics and psychoacoustics, subjective hearing tests make for the best personalised sound experience.
Several reviewers have noted that these different technologies vary in accuracy and usability.
# Ralph Freman (1627–1714)

Ralph Freman (1627–1714), of Aspenden, Hertfordshire, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1695.
Freman was baptized on 29 May 1627, the eldest son of Ralph Freman of Aspenden and his wife Mary Hewett, daughter of Sir William Hewett of Pishiobury, Sawbridgeworth. He was educated privately under Seth Ward. He married Elizabeth Aubrey, daughter of Sir John Aubrey, 1st Baronet of Llantrithyd, Glamorganshire on 10 February 1662. He succeeded his father in 1665.
Offices Held
in October 1660, Freman was appointed Commissioner for sewers for Essex. He was appointed Commissioner for assessment for Hertfordshire in 1661 and held the post until 1680. In 1663 he became a JP for Hertfordshire. In 1681 he was appointed Deputy Lieutenant for Hertfordshire. He was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hertfordshire in 1685. In 1687 he lost his position as Deputy Lieutenant and his seat on the commission of the peace. However he was restored to these positions in 1689 and also became Commissioner for Assessment again. He was elected Member of Parliament for Hertfordshire at the 1690 general election and though he was not invited to stand in 1695, he was a candidate, but unsuccessful.
After leaving Parliament Freman continued in politics supporting the Tories locally. He made improvements to his house at Aspenden, casing the house with brick and beautifying the gardens. He may have built up an extensive library, mainly of devotional works. He encouraged Bonnell to translate Erasmus’ paraphrases into English. He was treated by Dr Sloane for loss of appetite and swollen legs but died on 17 November 1714. He and his wife had three sons and seven daughters. His eldest son Ralph, who became an MP, inherited Aspenden and erected a monument to his parents describing them as having been ‘amiable and delightful’. His daughter Mary married Charles Caesar.
# De Haukes

De Haukes is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon, and lies about 14 km southeast of Den Helder. De Haukes is located on the west end of the former island. The harbour of Wieringen used to be here, until the island was connected to the mainland by the Amsteldiepdijk.
The hamlet is considered part of Westerland. It has place name signs. In 1840, it was home to 20 people.
# Monkstown, County Antrim

Monkstown (Irish: Baile na Manach) is a townland (of 811 acres) and electoral ward in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is within the urban area of Newtownabbey and the Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council area. The townland was previously called Ballynamanagh (from Irish Baile na Manach 'townland of the monks') It is also situated in the civil parish of Carnmoney and the historic barony of Belfast Lower.
Monkstown is said to be the burial place of Fergus Mor Mac Eirc, king of Dal Riata. which suggests a religious house was established in the 5th century CE. It possibly became a grange- a farm that was managed by a monastery, and was possibly associated with the monastery at Woodburn in Carrickfergus.

## Railways

Monkstown railway station is currently closed on the Belfast-Derry railway line run by Northern Ireland Railways.

## Education

Schools and colleges which serve the area include Abbey Community College, Hollybank Primary School and University of Ulster.

## Sport

The local association football clubs, 18th Newtownabbey Old Boys F.C. and Nortel F.C., play in the Northern Amateur Football League.

## Notable people

* Alec Mackie (1903–1984), footballer
* Jim Hagan (born 1956), former professional footballer and football club manager
* Michael Smith, professional footballer
# Lola T95/00

The Lola T95/00 is an open-wheel racing car chassis, designed and built by Lola Cars that competed in the CART open-wheel racing series, for competition in the 1995 IndyCar season. It was slightly more competitive than its predecessors, managing to score four wins that season. It was mainly powered by the 800–850 hp (600–630 kW) Ford/Cosworth XB turbo engine, but also used the Mercedes-Benz IC108 engine, and the Buick/Menard V6 Indy engine.
It was also used by many teams in the inaugural 1996 Indy Racing League season and the first two races of the 1996-97 Indy Racing League season before that series changed to a totally new chassis and engine combination.
# Fieberocapsus

Fieberocapsus is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Miridae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
# Chlormidazole

Chlormidazole (INN, also known as clomidazole) is used as a spasmolytic and azole antifungal drug.
# Saxophone Improvisations Series F

Saxophone Improvisations Series F is a solo album by American saxophonist and composer Anthony Braxton recorded in 1972 and originally released on the French America label.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Eugene Chadbourne awarded the album 4 stars stating "although the early recordings of Braxton seem to be marked by frustration and failure, this is a suitable follow-up to For Alto as well as an improvement, a great accomplishment in itself".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Anthony Braxton.
Disc one
* "BWC-12 N-48" - 5:00
* "Nr-12-C (33M)" - 9:09
* "Rfo-M° F (32)" - 6:54
* "JMK-80 CFN-7" - 17:57
Disc two
* "178-F4 312" - 2:20
* "NBH-7C K7" - 5:26
* "MMKF-6 (CN-72)" - 6:59
* "(348-R) C-233" - 7:23
* "104°-Kelvin M-12" - 19:01

## Personnel

* Anthony Braxton – alto saxophone
# James E. Flanders

James Edward Flanders (c. 1849 – 1928) was an American architect. He designed houses, courthouses and Masonic buildings in Texas, many of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Early life

James Edward Flanders was born circa 1849.

## Career

Flanders began his career in Chicago shortly after the Great Chicago Fire in the early 1870s. By 1875, he moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota. He moved to Dallas, Texas in 1876, and to San Diego, California in 1887. Most of his architectural work is in Texas.
Between 1886 and 1892, Flanders redesigned Texas Hall on the old campus of Trinity University in the Second Empire architectural style.
Flanders designed houses like the Heard-Craig House in McKinney, Texas in 1900, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, or the Warren-Crowell House in Terrell, Texas in 1903, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Flanders designed several state courthouses like the Shackelford County Courthouse and the Navarro County Courthouse, both listed on the NRHP.
Flanders designed two buildings associated with the Freemasonry: the Grand Lodge Temple in Waco, Texas in 1904, and the Masonic Widows and Orphans Home in Fort Worth, Texas in 1906.

## Death

Flanders married Mary Stafford; they had four children. He was a Scottish Rite Freemason.
Flanders died in 1928 in Hollywood, California.
# Continental Divide Raceways

Continental Divide Raceways was a race track located in Castle Rock, Colorado, about 30-mile (48 km) south of Denver. Built in 1959, it featured a 2.8-mile (4.5 km) road course, half-mile (.805 km) oval, and 4,200-foot (1,300 m) drag strip. The land was intended to be used for a multi-sport spectator venue, but a racing complex was built after a hill climb was staged on the property. The track saw its most active time in the 1960s, hosting the USAC National Championship, major sports car races, and Trans-Am. On July 30, 1972 Evel Knievel successfully jumped 11 Dodge vehicles on his motorcycle at the track. The track closed in 1979 due to a fatal accident but reopened in 1981, holding a NASCAR Winston West Series stock car race in 1982 before being sold to real estate developers in 1983. There was a motocross track called CDR Tech Track on the property where an AMA Motocross National was held in 1981 and 1982

## Lap records

The fastest official race lap records at the Continental Divide Raceways are listed as:
| Category | Time | Driver | Vehicle | Date |
| Road Course: 4.510 km (1959–1983) |||||
| USAC IndyCar | 1:44.700 | Al Unser | Colt 70 | 1970 Rocky Mountain 150 |
| Formula 5000 | 1:48.700 | Jerry Hansen Tony Adamowicz | McLaren M10A Eagle Mk.5 | 1969 Castle Rock F5000 round |
| Sports car racing | 1:55.500 | Bud Morley | McLaren-Elva Mk II | 1967 Continental Divide SCCA Regional race |

## Race results
### USAC Champ Car "Rocky Mountain 150"

| Year | Date | Driver | Team | Car |
| 1968 | July 7 | A. J. Foyt | Sheraton-Thompson | Coyote-Ford |
| 1969 | July 6 | Gordon Johncock | Gilmore Broadcasting | Eagle-Ford |
| 1970 | June 28 | Mario Andretti | STP Oil Treatment | McNamara-Ford |

### Sports car races

| Year | Date | Driver(s) | Team | Car | Championship |
| 1960 | June 26 | Carroll Shelby | Meister Brauser | Scarab-Chevrolet | USAC Road Racing Championship |
| 1960 | July 17 | Bob Holbert | | Porsche 718 RSK | SCCA National Sports Car Championship |
| 1961 | July 2 | Ken Miles | Crandall Industries Incorporated | Porsche 718 RSK | USAC Road Racing Championship |
| 1963 | August 18 | Augie Pabst | Meister Brauser | Scarab-Chevrolet | United States Road Racing Championship |
| 1965 | August 15 | Hap Sharp | Chaparral Cars Inc. | Chaparral 2A-Chevrolet | United States Road Racing Championship |

### Trans-Am

| Year | Date | Driver | Car |
| 1967 | August 27 | Jerry Titus | Ford Mustang |
| 1968 | August 25 | Mark Donohue | Chevrolet Camaro |
# Perna (surname)

Perna is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Armando Perna (born 1981), Italian football central defender
* Gustave F. Perna (born 1960), United States Army general
* Martín Perna (born 1975), American educator and artist
* Pietro Perna (1519–1582), Italian printer
* Rosalba Perna, Italian-American astrophysicist
* William Perna, American filmmaker
# Rui-Ming Xu

Rui-Ming Xu (simplified Chinese: 许瑞明), is a Chinese physicist, biophysicist and molecular biologist. He is a leading bioresearcher in China.

## Biography
### Early years

Xu entered the Department of Physics at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China in 1980, and obtained his B.Sc. in physics in 1984. In 1984, Xu joined the China-U.S. Physics Examination and Application (CUSPEA) and was qualified and awarded a fellowship, so that he could pursue his further study in physics in the United States.

### United States

Xu entered Brandeis University in MA, and obtained his M.A. in 1985 and Ph.D. (advisors were L.F. Abbott and M.T. Grisaru) in 1990 both in physics.
From 1989 to 1991, Xu was a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Texas at Austin, and worked with Steven Weinberg. From 1991 to 1993, Xu was a postdoctoral associate at SUNY Stony Brook, and his mentor was Chen Ning Yang.
In 1993, Xu visited the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and started working there. Xu became the institute's assistant professor in 1996, and was promoted to associate professor and then professor. From 1998, Xu was also a faculty member of the Genetics and Biophysics programs at Stony Brook University. Xu was also an adjunct professor at NYU Langone Medical Center.

### Beijing

In July 2006, the Ministry of Science and Technology of P.R.China planned to build a national key laboratory of protein science, named as National Laboratory of Protein Science (NLPS). NLPS is one of the first national key laboratories of life science in China, and the largest national laboratory of protein science in China.
After staying in the USA for 25 years and serving for the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory for 13 years, Xu went back to China in 2008, and became the Director of the lab, which was a breaking news both inside and outside China. The journal Science also reported this, and further introduced his new lab and career in Beijing.
Currently Xu is the Director of NLPS and a researcher in the Institute of Biophysics (IBP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing.

### Personal life

Xu has two children Amelia and Christopher who live in Jericho, New York. Amelia is a competitive figure skater and Christopher is a concert pianist.
# Deaton

Deaton is an English locational surname, referencing "any of three villages called Deighton... in the county of Yorkshire".
Notable people with this name include:
* Angus Deaton (born 1945), British-American economist and academic
* Bethany Deaton (died 2012), American who was murdered involving the International House of Prayer
* Brady J. Deaton (born 1942), American educator
* Charles Deaton (1921–1996), American architect
* Dedie Deaton (1903-1986), American chief establishment officer of the Women Airforce Service Pilots
* Dawson Deaton (born 1999), American football player
* Jim Deaton, college coach of American football
* Joel Deaton (born 1957), American professional wrestler
* Les Deaton (1923–1989), American professional basketball player and college coach
* Sierra Deaton (born 1991), American singer in the duo Alex & Sierra
# Montara

Montara may refer to:
* Montara, California
** Montara State Beach
* Montara, Kansas
* Montara Mountain
* Montara oil spill
* Montara (album), an album by Bobby Hutcherson
# Film Fun (TV series)

Film Fun was a Canadian children's television miniseries on animation filmmaking which aired on CBC Television from 1974 to 1976.

## Premise

This Ottawa-produced programme featured the techniques of filmmaking for a young audience, focusing on animation. Briam Smyth hosted the series with filmmaking siblings Bryan and Nancy Stoller. Guests such as Don Arioli (National Film Board of Canada), Ben McPeek (composer), Ken Perkins (Winnipeg animator), Sebatian (Montreal film producer). One location segment featured computer animation at the National Research Council.

## Scheduling

This five-episode half-hour series aired Wednesdays at 5:00 p.m. (Eastern) between 4 December 1974 and 15 January 1975. Episodes were rebroadcast on Tuesdays at 5:00 p.m. from 5 to 26 October 1976.
# Seair

Seair may refer to:
* Seair Seaplanes, an airline based in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
* South East Asian Airlines, also called SEAir Inc
* World Seair Corp Seair, ultralight flying boat
# Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium

Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium is the organoruthenium half-sandwich compound with formula RuCl(PPh$_3$)$_2$(C$_5$H$_5$). It as an air-stable orange crystalline solid that is used in a variety of organometallic synthetic and catalytic transformations. The compound has idealized C$_s$ symmetry. It is soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, and acetone.

## Preparation

Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium was first reported in 1969 when it was prepared by reacting dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) with cyclopentadiene.
    RuCl$_2$(PPh$_3$)$_3$ + C$_5$H$_6$ → RuCl(PPh$_3$)$_3$(C$_5$H$_5$) + HCl
It is prepared by heating a mixture of ruthenium(III) chloride, triphenylphosphine, and cyclopentadiene in ethanol.

## Reactions

Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) undergoes a variety of reactions often by involving substitution of the chloride. With phenylacetylene it gives the phenyl vinylidene complex:
    (C$_5$H$_5$)(PPh$_3$)$_2$RuCl + HC$_2$Ph + NH$_4$[PF$_6$] → [Ru(C:CHPh)(PPh$_3$)$_2$(C$_5$H$_5$)][PF$_6$] + NH$_4$Cl
Displacement of one PPh$_3$ by carbon monoxide affords a chiral compound.
    (C$_5$H$_5$)(PPh$_3$)$_2$RuCl + CO → (C$_5$H$_5$)(PPh$_3$)(CO)RuCl + PPh$_3$
The compound can also be converted into the hydride:
    (C$_5$H$_5$)(PPh$_3$)$_2$RuCl + NaOMe → (C$_5$H$_5$)(PPh$_3$)$_2$RuH + NaCl + CH$_2$O
A related complex is tris(acetonitrile)cyclopentadienylruthenium hexafluorophosphate, which has three labile MeCN ligands.

## Applications

Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) serves as a catalyst for a variety of specialized reactions. For example, in the presence of NH$_4$PF$_6$ it catalyzes the isomerisation of allylic alcohols to the corresponding saturated carbonyls.
# Schinia sexata

Schinia sexata is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America, where it is known only from southern Manitoba, Canada.
It was formerly considered a subspecies of Schinia villosa.
The larvae feed exclusively on Erigeron glabellus.
# Thlibothrips

Thlibothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae.

## Species

* Thlibothrips antennalis
* Thlibothrips atavus
* Thlibothrips isunoki
* Thlibothrips malloti
* Thlibothrips manipurensis
* Thlibothrips nigricauda
* Thlibothrips primitivus
# Patresi

Patresi is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Marciana, province of Livorno. At the time of the 2011 census its population was 99.
Patresi is located on the Elba Island and it is about 4 km from Marciana.
# Pernambuco (disambiguation)

Pernambuco is a Brazilian state.
Pernambuco can also refer to the following :

## Places and jurisdictions

* Captaincy of Pernambuco, or New Lusitania, a hereditary land grant and colonial administrative subdivision of northern Portuguese Brazil
* the former Latin Catholic Territorial Prelature of Pernambuco, now Metropolitan Archdiocese of Olinda e Recife

## Other

* Paubrasilia echinata, a timber tree which produces wood known as Pernambuco
* MV Krasnodar (1925), a cargo ship called MV Pernambuco from 1928 to 1945
* Pernambuco (footballer) (born 1998), a Brazilian football player, full name José Vitor Rodrigues da Silva dos Santos
* "Pernambuco", an instrumental guitar piece composed by Luiz Bonfá
# Donald Blackwood

Donald Burns Blackwood MC (3 November 1884 – 25 June 1967) was the third bishop of Gippsland from 1942 to 1954.
Blackwood was educated at the University of Tasmania and ordained in 1908. From 1912 to 1920 he was a chaplain in the Australian Armed Forces. Later he held incumbencies at Latrobe and Cressy. Whilst incumbent of Cressy (1921-24), he was also Warden of St Wilfrid's Theological College, Cressy. In 1929 he was appointed Archdeacon of Hobart, a position he held until his ordination to the episcopate.
# De Vic baronets

The de Vic Baronetcy, of Guernsey, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 3 September 1649 for Henry de Vic, Chancellor of the Order of the Garter. The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1688.

## de Vic baronets, of Guernsey (1649)

* Sir Henry de Vic, 1st Baronet (c. 1599–1671)
* Sir Charles de Vic, 2nd Baronet (died 1688)
# Bodorna Rock Columns Natural Monument

Bodorna Rock Columns Natural Monument (Georgian: ბოდორნის სვეტი) is a rock pillar with a height of 15 m and diameter 4 m near village Bodorna of Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti Georgia at a distance of 70–80 m from the S3 highway (Georgia) at 813 m above sea level. Natural monument is located approximately 150–200 m from Bodorna Church of Saint Virgin Mary built in the 17th century and is overlooking the Aragvi valley from the river right bank on the slopes of eastern exposure. Locally this deemed natural tower is known as Tsotsola Rock and rumored to have some resemblance with figure of the Christian monk.

## Monument origin and history

Monument origin is not completely clear, as it may be a denudational relict from a neogene conglomerate or from naturally cemented cobbles known as pinnacle or hoodoo that was later altered by man for cult purposes. Detailed lithostratigraphy studies are not available. At the base the rock column has diameter of 4 m and column gradually narrows towards the top. Presently the column surface is covered with shrubbery. The column contains a small cave with two niches, one of many, that were utilized as a shelter by early Christian monks in Georgia, possibly in the V – VII centuries, and later during Timur's invasions of Georgia. The Georgian Chronicles reports that Timur's archers descended the column using ropes and shoot their arrows into the crowded cave. Nearby slopes has many similar man-made caves scattered around.
Entire cave complex enjoys same protection as natural monument.
# Longmen Township, Ya'an

Longmen Township (simplified Chinese: 龙门乡; traditional Chinese: 龍門鄉; pinyin: Lóngmén Xiāng; lit. 'dragon door') is a township of Lushan County in a valley on the western edge of the Sichuan Basin of Sichuan province, China, located about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northeast of the county seat. As of 2011, it has six villages under its administration. On 20 April 2013, the township was the location of the epicentre of a magnitude 6.6 earthquake.
# South Fork, California

South Fork, California may refer to:
* South Fork, Butte County, California
* South Fork, Madera County, California
* South Fork, Mendocino County, California
* South Fork, Humboldt County, California
# Scaramuccia (disambiguation)

Scaramuccia is a stock comic character.
Scaramuccia may also refer to:
* Scaramuccia Trivulzio (d. 1527), Roman Catholic cardinal
* Scaramuccia da Forlì (d. 1450), Italian condottiero (mercenary leader)
* Scaramuccia, early music ensemble
* Scaramuccia, Italian surname