OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Galleria dell'Accademia

The Galleria dell'Accademia di Firenze, or "Gallery of the Academy of Florence", is an art museum in Florence, Italy. It is best known as the home of Michelangelo's sculpture David. It also has other sculptures by Michelangelo and a large collection of paintings by Florentine artists, mostly from the period 1300–1600 (the Trecento to the Late Renaissance). It is smaller and more specialized than the Uffizi, the main art museum in Florence. It adjoins the Accademia di Belle Arti or academy of fine arts of Florence, but despite the name has no other connection with it.
In 2016, it had 1.46 million visitors, making it the second-most-visited art museum in Italy, after the Uffizi (2.02 million).

## History

The Galleria dell'Accademia was founded in 1784 by Pietro Leopoldo, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
In 2001 the "Museo degli strumenti musicali" collection opened. It includes musical instruments made by Stradivarius, Niccolò Amati and Bartolomeo Cristofori which were acquired by the Florence Conservatory.
In 2023, the museum successfully sued a magazine publisher for using an image of Michelangelo's David without the museum's permission, even though the artwork (which is physically in the museum) belongs to the public domain. The museum also objected to GQ Italia using a lenticular cover to switch between an image of the statue and Pietro Boselli.

## Works

The Galleria dell'Accademia has housed the original David by Michelangelo since 1873. The sculpture was allegedly brought to the Accademia for reasons of conservation, although other factors were involved in its move from its previous outdoor location on Piazza della Signoria. The original intention was to create a "Michelangelo museum", with original sculptures and drawings, to celebrate the fourth centenary of the artist's birth. Today, the gallery's small collection of Michelangelo's work includes his four unfinished Prisoners, intended for the tomb of Pope Julius II, and a statue of Saint Matthew, also unfinished. In 1939, these were joined by the Palestrina Pietà, discovered in the Barberini chapel in Palestrina, though experts now consider its attribution to Michelangelo to be dubious.
Other works on display are Florentine paintings from the 13th and 16th centuries, including works by Paolo Uccello, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Sandro Botticelli and Andrea del Sarto; and, from the High Renaissance, Giambologna's original full-size plaster modello for the Rape of the Sabine Women. As well as a number of Florentine Gothic paintings, the gallery houses the collection of Russian icons assembled by the Grand Dukes of the House of Lorraine, of which Leopoldo was one.
# Galleria d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea, Viareggio

Galleria d‘Arte Moderna e Contemporanea (GAMC) is a museum of art in Viareggio, Italy. The museum is also known as "Lorenzo Viani", after the Viareggio artist whose most important public collection the museum houses. The museum is located on the Palazzo delle Muse [it]. GAMC holds 3000 works by 750 artists, including 85 pieces by Viani.
# Gainsford Bruce

Sir Gainsford Bruce (1834 – 24 February 1912) was a British politician and judge.

## Biography

Bruce was born in 1835 in Newcastle upon Tyne, the son of the Reverend Dr. Collingwood Bruce, a proprietor of a private school, and his wife Charlotte (née Gainsford). He was educated at Glasgow University, and in 1859 was called to the bar at Middle Temple. In 1883 he was appointed a Queen's Counsel.
Bruce first stood for the Conservative Party at Gateshead in 1880 but was defeated; he failed again in 1883 at Newcastle, 1885 at Tyneside and 1886 at Barrow. He was finally returned to Parliament for Finsbury (Holborn Division) in 1888. In the 1892 election he was again returned for the Holborn division, but before Parliament sat he was appointed a Judge and had to resign his seat. He sat as a Judge until he retired in 1904. He was knighted in 1892 and in 1904 was appointed a Privy Councillor.
He specialised in shipping law. He was co-author with R G Williams of the textbook Admiralty Practice. Bruce died at his home near Bromley, Kent, aged 77.

## Assessment

Patrick Polden described Bruce as "one of Halsbury's more questionable appointments".
# Gan (Huvadhu Atoll)

Gan is one of the uninhabited islands of Southern Huvadhu Atoll, in the Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll administrative division of the Maldives and is the largest natural island in Huvadhu Atoll.
Gan Island was formerly inhabited, but its inhabitants moved to neighboring islands after a severe epidemic at the end of the 18th century. Before that point, there is evidence of continuous human habitation since very ancient times. There are still large cultivated fields of yams, manioc and coconut trees on this island, which are used by neighboring islanders from Gadhdhoo
The origin of the word "Gan" is in the Sanskrit word "Grama", meaning "village". This island should not be confused with other Maldive islands called "Gan" in Addu Atoll and Haddummati Atoll.

## Archaeology

There are several ancient Buddhist ruins on this island, including one of the largest stupas in the Maldives:
* A large ruin called “Gamu Haviththa” located at the centre of the island is 73 m in circumference and 18 m in height. Local tradition says it was a Buddhist place of worship.
* Another mound 55 m in circumference and 1.5 m in height is situated on the western shore of the island.
* Another mound with a circumference of 15 m and a height of 1 m is on the northwestern shore of the island.
* Another mound with a circumference of 58 m and a height of 9 m is on the southeastern shore of the island.
* On the northwest of the centre of the island is a mound with a circumference of 42 m and a height of 6 m.
* There is another mound near the latter with a circumference of 37 m and a height of 3 m.
Thor Heyerdahl visited this island and investigated one of the ruined stupas there in the 1980s accompanied by Mohamed Lutfi. This included the foundation of the perimeter of the vihara or temple compound. However, most ruins have not yet been well researched. A folklore talks about the island becoming inhabited with the arrival of some majestic beasts.
# Galactic superwind

A galactic superwind, or just galactic wind, is a high velocity stellar wind emanating from either newly formed massive stars, spiral density waves, or as the result of the effects of supermassive black holes. They are normally observed in starburst galaxies.

## Description

Galactic winds are strong stellar winds made up of charged particles, ejecta, and varying amounts of hot and cool gas, interacting with enough force that the ejecta's kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy. The resulting effect is a massive gust of rapidly expanding super-heated gases that can span the length of a galaxy. In galaxies with active galactic nuclei, galactic winds can also be driven by the effects of super-massive black holes.
Galactic winds are considered an important function in the evolution of a galaxy. The winds cause an outflow of gas and other material into the halo of a galaxy, while also facilitating the spread of metals around a galaxy. Galactic winds are also capable of blowing material out of a galaxy entirely and into the intergalactic medium.

### Formation

Superwinds are theorized to form in compact starburst galaxies in which star growth is much higher than in other types of galaxies. This accelerated star growth results in more prevalent stellar winds being present in starburst galaxies. Superwinds form when ejecta released either by supernovae or stellar winds collide with such force that the shock from the impact converts the kinetic energy of the ejecta into thermal energy. The violent conversion from kinetic to thermal energy prevents a significant amount of energy from being radiated away. This in turn creates an incredibly hot bubble of gas that is under much greater pressure than it surroundings are. Eventually the gas bubble will expand to encompass other particles of ejected gases, further increasing the force and size of its expansion. This "snowplow" effect results in a gust of stellar wind and gas that can span the width of a galaxy. It has been theorized that superwinds can potentially be traveling at a velocity of several thousand kilometers per second by the time they enter the intergalactic medium.
# Ganga Gowri

Ganga Gowri may refer to:
* Ganga Gowri (1973 film), a Tamil-language film directed by P. R. Panthulu, starring Gemini Ganesan and Jayalalithaa
* Ganga Gowri (1997 film), a Tamil-language film directed by Madheswaran, starring Arun Vijay and Sangita
# Garra gravelyi

Garra gravelyi, the Burmese garra, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra. As well as Burma (Myanmar), it is also found in the Indian states of Mizoram and Manipur.
# Gardênia Ribeiro Gonçalves

Gardênia Santos Ribeiro Gonçalves (born April 1, 1937 in Floriano, Piauí) is a Brazilian politician. She served as mayor of São Luís, from 1986 to 1989. Gonçalves was the spouse of João Castelo. During the 1980s when she was mayor, 15,000 employees lost their jobs.
# Gartly, Alberta

Gartly is a locality in Alberta, Canada. It is located in the southern section of Starland County. The settlement was built near to a now defunct railway.
The community takes its name from Gartly, in Scotland.
# Gas-Oil

Gas-Oil is a 1955 French crime drama film directed by Gilles Grangier and starring Jean Gabin, Jeanne Moreau, Gaby Basset and Ginette Leclerc. It was shot at the Epinay Studios in Paris and on location at a variety of places. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jacques Colombier. It was one of a number of films portraying tough truck drivers made in the wake of the success of the 1953 film The Wages of Fear. It was the first of many films in which Gabin appeared in written by his fellow Parisian Michel Audiard.

## Synopsis

While driving home one night after meeting his girlfriend, trucker Jean Chape encounters a dead body lying in the road. He reports it the police but they suspect that he is responsible.

## Cast

* Jean Gabin as Jean Chape
* Jeanne Moreau as Alice
* Gaby Basset as Camille Serin
* Ginette Leclerc as Mme Scoppo
* Simone Berthier as Annie, une serveuse
* Charles Bouillaud as Le gendarme dactylographe
* Marcel Bozzuffi as Pierrot Ragondin
* Robert Dalban as Félix
* Albert Dinan as Émile Serin
* Gilbert Edard as Un commissaire
* Camille Guérini as Lucien Ragondin
* Guy Henry as Jojo, un routier
* Roger Hanin as René Schwob
* Bob Ingarao as Un gangster
* Jean Lefebvre as Le chauffeur de car
* Lisette Lebon as Mauricette, une serveuse
* Jacques Marin as Un gendarme au commissariat
* Germaine Michel as Maria Ragondin, la mère de Pierrot
* Albert Michel as Le facteur
* Marcel Pérès as Le barbier
* Jean-Marie Rivière as Un gangster
* Henri Crémieux as Le premier commissaire
# Gary O'Neill

Gary, or Garry, O'Neill, or O'Neil, may refer to:
* Gary O'Neil (born 1983), English footballer and manager
* Gary O'Neil (Neighbours), a fictional character on Australian soap Neighbours
* Garry O'Neill (born 1974), Australian martial artist
* Gary O'Neill (born 1982), Irish footballer who played for Shelbourne in the 2000s
* Gary O'Neill (born 1995), Irish footballer who, as of 2022, plays for Shamrock Rovers
# Gary O'Kane

Gary O'Kane (born 23 January 1970 in Dunloy, County Antrim, Northern Ireland) is an Irish retired sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Dunloy and was a member of the Antrim senior inter-county team in the 1980s and 1990s.
# Gascoyne (disambiguation)

Gascoyne is an administrative region in Western Australia.
Gascoyne may also refer to:

## Places
### Western Australia

* Gascoyne bioregion
* Gascoyne Junction, Western Australia
* Gascoyne River
* Electoral district of Gascoyne
* Electoral district of Gascoyne (Legislative Council)
* Shire of Upper Gascoyne

### Elsewhere

* Gascoyne, North Dakota

## Other uses

* Gascoyne (surname)
* HMAS Gascoyne, two ships
# Garpön

A garpön is historically a local or regional leader in Tibet and parts of Ladakh who has command and prominence over a district or area. He is highly regarded by the people and respected as a governor although his power and authority is informal in a given area. Ultimate leadership and spiritual leadership in Tibet was always given centrally to the Dalai Lama in the capital of Lhasa. Garpöns were usually regarded as localized ministers to maintain district order. However, with the Chinese invasion of 1949, with Tibet now under the control of the People's Republic of China, the rulership of local district garpöns has diminished somewhat in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Sir Edward Birkbeck Wakefield has cited that in Ladakh there was often a senior and a junior garpön.
In the film Seven Years in Tibet (1997 film), a garpön in western Tibet was played by Samdup Dhargyal and was cited as being the eminent ruler of the province.
# Gastric arteries

Gastric arteries may refer to:
* Left gastric artery
* Left gastro-omental artery
* Right gastric artery
* Right gastro-omental artery
* Short gastric arteries
# Gary Mabee

Gary Lee Mabee (born 1 February 1955) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward. He began his career with Tottenham Hotspur, as an apprentice, in July 1970. After a very brief loan spell at AJ Auxerre, he moved to Northampton Town, in the summer of 1974, when Tottenham did not extend his contract.
In his short professional career at Northampton, Mabee started 29 games and came on as substitute in four. He scored 13 goals in his first season with Northampton.
Mabee grew up in Oxford.
# Gate (film)

Gate (Korean: 게이트; RR: Ge-i-teu) is a 2018 South Korean crime comedy film directed by Shin Jai-ho.

## Cast

* Jung Ryeo-won as So-eun
* Im Chang-jung as Gyu-cheol
* Jung Sang-hoon as Min-wook
* Lee Geung-young as Jang-choon
* Lee Moon-sik as Cheol-soo
* Kim Do-hoon as Won-ho
* Sunwoo Eun-sook as Ok-ja
* Jung Kyung-soon as Ae-ri
* Kim Bo-min as Mi-ae
* Lim Chul-hyung as Eun-tak
* Ko Dong-ok as Kwang-ho
* Kim Hyo-min as Nam-ho
* Han Yi-jin as Dong-goo
* Yun Song-a as Kim Won-jang (special appearance)
* Choi Yun-seul as Announcer (special appearance)

## Background

The film was reportedly inspired by the Choi Soon-sil political affair, which erupted in end-2016.
# Gavin Watson

Gavin Joseph Watson (12 July 1948 – 26 August 2019) was a South African businessman who served as Chief Executive Officer of African Global Operations, previously known as Bosasa, from 2000 until his death in 2019. His company was implicated in state capture during judicial hearings in January 2019.

## Early life and family

Watson and his brothers grew up on a farm near Somerset East, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa where his father was a lay preacher who preached racial equality during apartheid. Noted South African rugby player Cheeky Watson is Gavin's younger brother. The Watson family was known for defying apartheid laws on racial segregation by playing in mixed race rugby games in the 1970s. During this time Watson befriended and made many connections with African National Congress (ANC) members who would go on to serve in the post-apartheid government of South Africa.

## Bosasa

In the mid-1990s following the end of apartheid, Watson's company Bosasa began providing services to state prisons. It received its first large contract from government in 2004 when the Department of Correctional Services awarded it a contract to provide catering services to the prison system. The company is estimated to have received government tenders to the value of R12 billion (US$918.8 million) between 2003 and 2018.
Bosasa was described as an ally of the ANC and donated about R3,000,000 to the ANC's 2014 election campaign. Watson also made a personal donation of about R500,000 to Cyril Ramaphosa's successful campaign to become president of the ANC.
In January 2019, former Bosasa Chief Operating Officer (COO), Angelo Agrizzi, while testifying at the State Capture Inquiry, implicated Watson and many senior government officials in serious allegations of corruption and money laundering.

## Death

Watson died in a car accident early on 26 August 2019 when the company Toyota Corolla he was driving struck a pillar on an approach road leading to O. R. Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg. His BMW X5 was in for mechanical repairs at the time.
Bosasa employee and former Chief Operating Officer, Angelo Agrizzi, said that he was saddened to hear about Watson's death. Agrizzi hinted at the possibility that Watson wanted to leave South Africa. The governing African National Congress described him as an "anti-apartheid activist", while the official opposition Democratic Alliance called for a transparent investigation into his death. The police have opened a culpable homicide case. A memorial service for Watson was held on 30 August 2019 in Roodepoort, Gauteng. Watson's funeral service was held on 3 September 2019 at the Feather Market Hall in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape. Former President Jacob Zuma delivered the eulogy and hinted at the possibility of an assassination plot.
A private pathology report, requested by the family, later found that Gavin Watson had been deceased at the time of the accident. Speculation of foul play remains, though current reports do not rule out natural causes. Facts that arose as a result continue to raise speculation as to the nature of and circumstances surrounding his death.
# Geamăna (Olt)

The Geamăna is a left tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It flows into the Olt near Buciumeni. Its length is 12 km (7.5 mi) and its basin size is 61 km$^2$ (24 sq mi).
# Geale

Geale is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bob Geale (born 1962), Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre
* Daniel Geale (born 1981), Australian former professional boxer
* Hamilton Geale (1814–1909), Irish politician, judge, barrister, and author
# Gatekeeping (UK housing term)

Gatekeeping is a term in British housing law which describes when a Council refuses to accept a homelessness application and/or provide accommodation when they have a legal duty to do so. Pressure for Councils to engage in "gatekeeping" can be the result of the high cost of providing temporary accommodation or there simply not being enough housing within a borough to accommodate homeless applicants. Gatekeeping practices of some local authorities have been challenged by judicial review.

## Examples

In 2015 Inside Housing reported that Southwark Council admitted to 'poor practices' including forcing applicants to prove that they are homeless through no fault of their own and requiring that a person be unemployed in order for the Council to provide interim accommodation.

## Litigation

In R (on the application of IA) v City of Westminster Council [2013] Westminster City Council were criticised for gatekeeping by HHJ Anthony Thornton QC.
   “Where, as in this case, it appears that the applicant is depressed, alone, unable readily to cope with day-to-day living tasks, unemployed and possibly unemployable, has no settled links with England or the English way of life and has minimal support mechanisms at his disposal, the inquiries would be expected to extend to a detailed inquiry into the applicant’s way of life prior to his homelessness……it would have been impossible for any of these inquiries to be undertaken in this case during the initial screening interview.”

## Criticism

Caroline Davey of the charity Shelter has criticised 'gatekeeping'. The campaign group Shelter have stated that some authorities prevent homeless applicants from having their right to accommodation under the homelessness legislation due to 'gatekeeping'.
# Gavin McKiddie

Gavin Thomson McKiddie (born 17 May 1940) is a Scottish former first-class cricketer.
McKiddie was born in May 1940 at Forfar, where he was educated at Forfar Academy. A club cricketer for Strathmore Cricket Club, McKiddie made a single appearance for Scotland in first-class cricket against Ireland at Dublin in 1977; he had been called up to the Scotland squad as a last minute injury replacement for the Scottish captain George Goddard. Batting twice in the match at the tail, he was dismissed for 8 runs in the Scottish first innings by John Elder, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by the same bowler. He took two wickets with his off break bowling, dismissing Irish captain Alec O'Riordan in their first innings and Dermott Monteith in their second innings. Outside of cricket, McKiddie was a quantity surveyor.
# Geier

Geier may refer to:
* Geier (surname), a surname of German origin (includes a list)
* The Geier Indians, 17th century Native American group

## Places

* Mount Geier, Antarctica
* Geier (Tux Alps), Austria

## Fiction

* Der Geier (in English The Vulture), a short story by Franz Kafka
* Marcus Geier, a character in the television show Bones

## Naval

* Geier (freighter), 1916–1917, a British freighter captured by German navy
* SMS Geier, a German cruiser
* Geier (patrol boat), a German patrol boat
* The FRG Geier, a ship decommissioned in 1976, sold to Greece, and renamed Tyfon
* Geier, the nickname for an experimental German World War II torpedo
# General Murphy

General Murphy may refer to:
* Dennis J. Murphy (born 1932), U.S. Marine Corps major general
* Sean L. Murphy (fl. 1980s–2020s), U.S. Air Force major general
* Thomas E. Murphy (general) (fl. 1980s–2020s), U.S. Air Force major general
* W. R. E. Murphy (1890–1975), Irish National Army major general
# General Richardson

General Richardson may refer to:
* Cecil R. Richardson (born c. 1947), U.S. Air Force major general
* Charles Leslie Richardson (1908–1994), British Army general
* Duke Richardson (1980s–2020s), U.S. Air Force lieutenant general
* George Richardson (Indian Army officer) (1847–1931), British Indian Army lieutenant general
* George Spafford Richardson (1868–1938), New Zealand Military Forces major general
* Israel B. Richardson (1815–1862), U.S. Army major general
* James M. Richardson (general) (born 1960), U.S. Army lieutenant general
* James L. Richardson (1909–1987), U.S. Army lieutenant general
* John Richardson (Australian Army officer) (1880–1954), Australian Army major general
* John Richardson (Canadian MP) (1932–2010), Canadian Forces brigadier general
* John B. Richardson (1990s–2020s), U.S. Army major general
* John Soame Richardson (1836–1896), British Army major general
* Laura J. Richardson (born 1963), U.S. Army lieutenant general
* Robert Richardson (British Army officer) (1929–2014), British Army lieutenant general
* Robert C. Richardson III (1918–2011), U.S. Air Force brigadier general
* Robert C. Richardson Jr. (1882–1954), U.S. Army four-star general
* Robert V. Richardson (1820–1870), Confederate States Army brigadier general
* Tony Richardson (British Army officer) (1922–2015), British Army major general
* Wilds P. Richardson (1861–1929), U.S. Army brigadier general
* William P. Richardson (Ohio politician) (1824–1886), Union Army brevet brigadier general
# Genet (surname)

Genet or Genêt is a French surname. Notable people with this surname include the following:
* Alexis Genet (born 1982), French footballer
* Edmond Genet (1896–1917), American aviator
* Edmond-Charles Genêt or Citizen Genêt (1763–1834) French envoy to the United States appointed by the Girondins during the French Revolution
* Guy Genet (born 1955), French footballer
* Henry W. Genet (1828–1889), New York politician
* Jean Genet (1910–1986), French writer
* Jean-Philippe Genet (born 1944), French historian
* Joseph Genet (1914–1999), New Zealand wrestler
* Michael Genet (born 1958), American actor and screenwriter
* Ray Genet or Pirate (1931–1979), Alaskan mountaineer
* Russell Merle Genet (born 1940), American astronomer
# Genet

Genet or Genêt may refer to:

## Aircraft

* Armstrong Siddeley Genet, aircraft engine
* Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major, aircraft engine

## Animals and plants

* Genet (biology), a colony of plants, fungi or bacteria that come from a single genetic source
* Genet (animal), a small predatory Old World carnivore related to the civet

## People

* Genet (surname)
* Genêt, pen name of the New Yorker's Paris correspondent Janet Flanner

## Places

* Genet, Ethiopia, a town in southern Ethiopia