OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pir Ahmed

Pir Ahmed of Karaman was a bey of Karaman Beylik, a Sunni Muslim Turkoman principality in Anatolia in the 15th century. He was son of Ibrahim II of Karaman and Ilaldi Sultan Hatun, daughter of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I, and had a daughter, Hilmiye Hatun.

## Struggle for the throne

When his father İbrahim Bey died in 1464, he tried to ascend to throne. But his half brother İshak Bey who was the legal heir, struggled for the throne and became the bey with the support of Uzun Hasan, the sultan of Akkoyunlu (White Sheep) Turkomans. Nevertheless, Pir Ahmet didn't give up. He asked Ottoman sultan Mehmet II for support and offered a part of his beylik in return to support. With Ottoman support he defeated his brother in the battle of Dağpazarı. İshak escaped to Silifke, the southern frontier of the beylik and Pir Ahmet assumed the title bey.

## As a bey

He kept his promise and ceded a part of the beylik to Ottomans. But he was uneasy about the loss. So during the Ottoman campaign to west, he captured his former territory. However, Mehmet returned and captured both Karaman (Larende) and Konya two major cities of the beylik in 1468. Pir Ahmet barely escaped to east. A few years later, Ottoman vizier (later grand vizier) Gedik Ahmet Pasha captured the coastal region of the beylik.

## Further struggles and death

Pir Ahmat as well as his brother Kasım escaped to Uzun Hasan's territory. This gave Uzun Hasan a chance to interfere. In 1472, Akkoyunlu army invaded and raided most of Anatolia. (This was the reason behind the Battle of Otlukbeli in 1473) With Akkoyunlu support, Pir Ahmet captured Karaman. However Pir Ahmet couldn't enjoy another term. Because immediately after the capture of Karaman, Akkoyunlu army was defeated by the Ottomans near Beyşehir and Pir Ahmet had to escape once more. Although he tried to continue his struggle, he learned that his family members were transferred to Istanbul by Gedik Ahmet Pasha and he finally gave up. Demoralized, he escaped to Akkoyunlu territory where he was given a tımar (fief) in Bayburt, He died in 1474.
# Chau Tsun-nin

Sir Tsun-nin Chau, CBE (Chinese: 周埈年; 22 December 1893 – 27 January 1971) was a prominent Hong Kong businessman and politician.
He graduated from St Stephens College at 17 and continued his education at Oxford University as a barrister.

## Public Service

He was a member of the Legislative Council since 1931 and a member of the Sanitary Board. He was appointed Justice of the Peace since 1923.

## Honours

He was designated a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1938 and was knighted in 1956. He is also an Associate Officer of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.
# Robert Murray (British Army officer, born 1689)

Brigadier-General Robert Murray (7 January 1689 – 25 March 1738) was a Scottish soldier and Member of Parliament, the third son of Charles Murray, 1st Earl of Dunmore and younger brother of John Murray, 2nd Earl of Dunmore.

## Background

After service with the 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards, he was colonel of the 37th Regiment of Foot from 1722 to 1735 and of the 38th Regiment of Foot from 1735 to his death. He was ultimately promoted Brigadier-General in 1735. He was MP for Wootton Bassett from 1722 to 1727 and for Great Bedwyn from 1734 to 1738. He died in March 1738 aged 49.
Military offices :
| Preceded byEdward Jones | Colonel of Murray's Regiment of Foot 1735–1738 | Succeeded byThe Duke of Marlborough |
| Preceded byViscount Hinchingbrooke | Colonel of Murray's Regiment of Foot 1722–1735 | Succeeded byHon. Henry Ponsonby |
# Robert E. Evanson

Robert E. Evanson is an American businessperson who has been at the helm of some of the largest companies in the United States.

## Early life and education

Evanson was born September 12, 1936, in New York. He holds an MBA from New York Institute of Technology and a BBA from St. John's University.

## Career

From 2003 to 2008, he was a senior advisor to Apax Partners. He retired in 2003 as the President of McGraw-Hill Education. Before joining McGraw-Hill, he was chief financial officer and chief operating officer at Harcourt (publisher), from 1985 to 1992. He was also the chairman and CEO of SeaWorld Entertainment. In his early career, he held senior financial positions at Harper (publisher), Conrail, and Amtrak, and was a partner at Arthur Andersen.
He served as a faculty member at Pace University. He also served on the board of Harcourt, the Association of American Publishers (as chairman), and The Princeton Review. He also served on the board of universities such as Pace University, Western Governors University, NYIT, and Johns Hopkins University.
# Diplogramma

Diplogramma is a lichenized genus of fungi in the family Roccellaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Diplogramma australiensis.
# Charlton Halt railway station (Oxfordshire)

Charlton Halt was a railway station on the Varsity Line 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the village of Charlton-on-Otmoor. The London and North Western Railway opened the halt in 1905 and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway closed it in 1926.

## Routes

| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Oddington Halt Line open, station closed | | London and North Western Railway Varsity Line | | Wendlebury Halt Line open, station closed |

## Sources

* "Disused Stations". Subterranea Britannica.
51°51′09″N 1°11′44″W﻿ / ﻿51.85244°N 1.19563°W﻿ / 51.85244; -1.19563
* This article on a railway station in South East England is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Shandon Street

Shandon Street (Irish: Sráid an tSeandúin), formerly known as Mallow Lane, is a street in the Shandon area of Cork City, Ireland and is a retail area on the North-Side of Cork city.

## Etymology

The name Shandon stems from the Irish Sean Dún, meaning "Old Fort". It is believed that this refers to the ringfort of the MacCarthaigh family, who occupied the area around 1000 A.D.

## History
### Initial development

The area was originally developed by the Normans, as a route to the north gate of the city, and rose in prominence due to its proximity to Shandon Castle, the administrative centre of the province of Munster. The area was heavily damaged during the 1690 Siege of Cork, but subsequent rebuilding saw the erection of the landmark St. Anne's Church. The North Cathedral was also erected at the top of Shandon Street in 1624. The present day structure, however, is the fifth church to occupy the site; churches have been rebuilt there numerous times, most recently following an 1820 fire. Commercial activity at this time included a regular cattle market, where large numbers of animals were exported to the West Indies, Eastern U.S., Britain, and Canada.
In response to a 1582 famine and outbreak of plague, Stephen Skiddy, a Master Vintner, willed funds to build a number of almshouses in the city. One such almshouse, built in the 18th century and referred to as Skiddy's Almshouse, is still standing adjacent to Shandon Street.

### Growth

The 18th century saw the development of the Butter Market in response to the penal laws, which indirectly encouraged commercial ventures among wealthy Catholic families. This led to the foundation of the Committee of Butter Merchants, who, in 1770, instated the inspection of butter exports. The increasing butter trade resulted in Shandon Street becoming an important international trading centre, and a focal point within the city. There was a notable diversity in standards of living in the area, with wealthy retailers living directly on the street, and many tenement halls on the numerous adjoining streets.

### Later developments

The closure of the Butter Market in 1924 due to competition from continental Europe led to a period of decline in the area. Modern attempts at reversing the decline include the 2004 Shandon Area Renewal Scheme, which saw some redevelopment of Shandon Street. This €15m scheme included the renewal of paving and the replacement of derelict buildings with infill housing.
# USS Atlas

Three ships of the United States Navy have been named Atlas, after Atlas, whose name means bearer or endurer.
* USS Atlas (1869), held that name only briefly before being renamed Nahant on 10 August 1869.
* USS Atlas (SP-2171), was a schooner seized by United States Customs officials at San Francisco from her German owners in 1917.
* USS Atlas (ARL-7), was laid down on 3 June 1943 and launched on 19 October 1943.

## Sources

* This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
# Danny Steel

Daniel Steel (2 May 1884 – 29 April 1931) was a Scottish professional footballer who played for clubs including Rangers, Tottenham Hotspur, Third Lanark, Dumbarton and Clapton Orient.

## Career

Steel played principally as a centre half, although in his initial appearances for Rangers he played at inside left. Notwithstanding his status as an inexperienced reserve player, the statistical summary of his time at Ibrox ranks among the worst of all those who have played a senior game for the club, with his six appearances including a 5–0 defeat to Partick Thistle in the Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup, and heavy losses to Airdrieonians and Heart of Midlothian (5–0 and 5–1 respectively) in the opening months of the 1905–06 Scottish Division One season.
Steel recovered from this setback, even after spending another two years in the background at Tottenham Hotspur following his move there in 1906, by going on to establish himself and make 141 appearances in all competitions for Spurs (scoring four goals) between 1908 and 1912 before he moved back to Scotland with Third Lanark.
He joined Clapton Orient in December 1914 and featured in 23 matches.

### International

While at Tottenham, he was selected for the annual Home Scots v Anglo-Scots trial match on three occasions (1908, 1910 and 1912) but never played for Scotland at full international level.

## Personal life

His younger brothers Bobby and Alex were also footballers, with Bobby also having a significant spell at Tottenham Hotspur; the three siblings played together in one Football League fixture against Bradford City in January 1910.
# Georg Voigt (politician)

Georg Philipp Wilhelm Voigt (16 September 1866 – 13 April 1927) was a German politician. Voigt was the mayor of Rixdorf, Barmen, Frankfurt, and Marburg.

## Political career

Voigt, the son of a hotelier, was born in Klein-Schellmühl near Danzig, Prussia (Młyniska, Gdańsk). He studied law between 1886 and 1890 at the universities of Breslau (Wrocław), Berlin and Königsberg (Kaliningrad). In 1899, Voigt became the mayor of Rixdorf (nowadays a part of Berlin-Neukölln) and was also the mayor of Barmen between 1906 and 1912, before becoming the mayor of Frankfurt. From 1907, he was a member of the Prussian House of Lords for the National Liberal Party, which later became the German Democratic Party.
Voigt was mayor during the French occupation of Frankfurt 6 April – 17 May 1920. He issued a "severe warning" calling on the population to remain calm and follow the requests of the occupying troops following the Hauptwache Incident on 7 April.
After losing the 1924 Frankfurt mayoral elections, Voigt was elected in November of that year to be the mayor of Marburg from February 1925, where he governed until his death in April 1927. He was buried in Berlin-Zehlendorf.
# Chauliognathus profundus

Chauliognathus profundus is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Desmia stenizonalis

Desmia stenizonalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1912. It is found in Panama.
# Robert E. Eberly

Robert Edward Eberly (July 14, 1918 – May 19, 2004), son of Orville and Ruth Eberly, served as Chairman of the Board of Eberly Natural Gas Company, an oil and natural gas exploration and production firm. He was also a director of Gallatin National Bank (retiring in 1990). Eberly graduated in 1939 from Penn State with a BS in Commercial Chemistry.
On March 17, 1990, the College of Science at Penn State was renamed the Eberly College of Science in recognition of the support of the Eberly family. The Eberly family has also made donations to help build the Paterno Library addition and the Bryce Jordan Center at University Park campus, endow scholarships for Penn State Fayette Campus students and support higher education at Penn State and West Virginia University. Robert Eberly's sister, Carolyn Eberly Blaney and her husband W. Gerald Blaney, serve as trustees of the Eberly Family Trust, as did Eberly's sister Margaret Eberly George (d. 2000). His wife, Elouise R. (née Ross), is an honorary alumna of Penn State.
# Roderick Townley

Roderick Townley (born June 7, 1942) is an American author of juvenile, young adult, and adult books, including books of poetry, nonfiction, and literary criticism. He received his Ph.D. from Rutgers University, New Brunswick, and was for many years a poet and fiction writer, and for a time lived in New York City and wrote for TV Guide, The Village Voice and other publications. In 2001, he began the Sylvie Cycle, a metafictional series about the spunky, fictional Princess Sylvie who lives her life in a book.

## Biography

Roderick Townley has published over a dozen books, comprising poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and literary criticism. The Sylvie Cycle, his trilogy of middle grade novels, has been widely praised and appears in several foreign editions, as well as in large print and audio versions. He has also written two young adult novels, Sky (Atheneum, 2004), and The Red Thread: A Novel in Three Incarnations (Atheneum, 2007).
Mr. Townley taught in Chile on a Fulbright scholarship, worked in New York City as an editor, and now writes from his home in Kansas. Along the way, he has won a number of honors, including the Peregrine Prize for Short Fiction, the Thorpe Menn Award, the Kansas Arts Commission Fellowship in Fiction, the Kansas Governor’s Arts Award, and First Prize in two contests sponsored by the Academy of American Poets. His novel, The Great Good Thing (the first volume in The Sylvie Cycle), was a Top Ten Book Sense Pick and has been optioned for film.
Townley continues to write poetry, publishing his work in The Paris Review, The Yale Review, The North American Review, and other journals.
Mr. Townley has two children, Jesse and Grace, and is married to poet and yoga instructor Wyatt Townley.
# Diplograptidae

Diplograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.

## Genera

List of genera from Maletz (2014):

### Subfamily Diplograptinae

* †Apiograptus Cooper & McLaurin, 1974
* †Archiclimacograptus Mitchell, 1987
* †Diplograpsis M’Coy, 1850
* †Eoglyptograptus Mitchell, 1987
* †Exigraptus Mu, 1979 in Mu et al. (1979)
* †Fenhshiangograptus Hong, 1957
* †Levisograptus Maletz 2011
* †Mesograptus Elles & Wood, 1907
* †Oepikograptus Obut, 1987
* †Prorectograptus Li, 1994
* †Pseudamplexograptus Mitchell, 1987
* †Urbanekograptus Mitchell, 1987

### Subfamily Orthograptinae

* †Amplexograptus Elles & Wood, 1907
* †Anticostia Stewart & Mitchell, 1997
* †Arnheimograptus Mitchell, 1987
* †Ceramograptus Hudson, 1915
* †Geniculograptus Mitchell, 1987
* †Hustedograptus Mitchell, 1987
* †Orthograptus Lapworth, 1873
* †Orthoretiograptus Mu, 1977 in Wang & Jin (1977)
* †Pacificograptus Koren’, 1979
* †Paraorthograptus Mu et al., 1974
* †Pararetiograptus Mu et al., 1974
* †Peiragraptus Strachan, 1954
* †Pseudoreteograptus Mu, 1993 in Mu et al. (1993)
* †Rectograptus Přibyl, 1949
* †Uticagraptus Riva, 1987
# Oasl2

2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 2 is a protein that in the house mouse is encoded by the Oasl2 gene. The gene is also known as Oasl, M1204 and Mmu-OASL. Oasl2 is a paralogue of Oasl1.
# Rupert Moser

Rupert Moser (born 2 June 1944 in Horn, Thurgau canton, Switzerland) is professor emeritus for social anthropology and African studies at the University of Bern. He conducted research on the paternal Ngoni (WaNgnoni) and the matrilineal Mwera in southern Tanzania. He did further work on the genesis of Swahili, migration and religious movements.
# State Coal Mine

38°37′07″S 145°35′42″E﻿ / ﻿38.6185499°S 145.5951091°E﻿ / -38.6185499; 145.5951091
The State Coal Mine, also known as State Coal Mine Heritage Area, is a former 20th-century state-owned black coal mine located in Wonthaggi, Victoria, Australia. The mine was operational from 1910 until 1968 and is now a state park and tourist attraction.

## History

The coal deposits at the site are estimated to be more than 150 million years old and the tunnels of the mine encompass nearly 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi), forming an underground ring around the town of Wonthaggi. The site is located adjacent to the former railway line to Melbourne via Wonthaggi.
The State Coal Mine and the town of Wonthaggi came into being in 1909 to supply coal for the Victorian Railways. Rising from its beginnings as a makeshift "Tent Town", Wonthaggi quickly grew to the thriving town we know today. Operating from 1909 to 1968, the State Coal Mine produced almost 17 million tonnes (19 million short tons) of coal, and at its peak in 1926 the mine produced 2,435 long tons (2,474 t) per day, with the Victorian Railways buying 90% of production. It was one also of the largest and most dangerous collieries in Australia. By the 1930s, with industrial actions and coal in the larger seams running out, production had dropped, but the mine was subsidised and operated until 1968 when regular steam locomotive usage was phased out.

## Tourism

Today the precinct is operated by Parks Victoria and is open for the public to explore the heritage mine site. The State Coal Mine is the only historic coal mine experience in the Southern Hemisphere.
The attraction offers visitors a journey back in time to discover what life working in a coal mine was like in the 1900s. It is an educational experience, predominantly for families, to tour the underground network of tunnels and learn how Victoria's men extracted the black gold.
Key attractions include:
* Guided underground coal mine tours
* Gift shop and cafe
* Museum
* Visitor information centre
* Theatrette and interpretative centre
* Walking tracks and picnic area (BBQ facilities are available)
* Historic buildings and heritage trail
Facilities at the site underwent a $3 million upgrade in 2012 allowing underground tours to resume after an eight-year hiatus to bring them into line with new safety requirements.
# George Beresford, 1st Marquess of Waterford

George de la Poer Beresford, 1st Marquess of Waterford, KP, PC (Ire) (8 January 1735 – 3 December 1800), styled Earl of Tyrone from 1763 to 1789, was an Anglo-Irish politician.

## Early life

Beresford was the eldest surviving son of Marcus Beresford, 1st Earl of Tyrone and his wife, Lady Catherine Power, suo jure Baroness de la Poer. Among his siblings were the Hon. John Beresford, MP (who married Countess Anne Constantin de Ligondes), and William Beresford, 1st Baron Decies (who married Elizabeth FitzGibbon, sister of John FitzGibbon, 1st Earl of Clare).
His mother was the only daughter and heiress of James Power, 3rd Earl of Tyrone (who was also the 8th Baron Power), of Curraghmore, County Waterford. His father was the only son of Sir Tristram Beresford, 3rd Baronet, and his wife Nichola Sophia Hamilton (youngest daughter of Hugh Hamilton, 1st Viscount of Glenawly).
He was educated at Kilkenny College and Trinity College Dublin.

## Career

From 1757 to 1760, he was a Member of the Irish House of Commons for County Waterford from 1757 to 1760, and for Coleraine from 1761 until 1763, when he inherited his father's earldom, entered the Irish House of Lords and was admitted to the Privy Council of Ireland.
He was Governor of Waterford from 1766 and custos rotulorum of that county from 1769 to 1800, during which time he was made a Knight of St Patrick, created Baron Tyrone in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1786, and elevated as a marquess in 1789.

## Personal life

On 19 April 1769, he married Elizabeth Monck, the daughter of Henry Monck, of Charleville, and the former Lady Isabella Bentinck (second daughter of Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of Portland). Elizabeth was also the cousin of Charles Monck, 1st Viscount Monck. Together, they were the parents of eight children:
* Marcus Beresford, Lord Le Poer (1771–1783), who died young.
* Henry de la Poer, Beresford, 2nd Marquess of Waterford (1772–1826), politician who married Lady Susanna Carpenter, only daughter of George Carpenter, 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell, by his second wife Hon. Sarah Delaval (a younger daughter of John Delaval, 1st Baron Delaval), in 1805.
* Most Rev. Lord John George (1773–1862), Archbishop of Armagh.
* Lt.-Gen. Lord George Thomas Beresford (1781–1839), politician and soldier.
* Lady Isabella Anne Beresford (1776–1850), who married Sir John Brydges, MP, in 1812.
* Lady Catharine Beresford (1777–1843)
* Lady Anne Beresford (1779–1842)
* Lady Elizabeth Louisa Beresford (1783–1856), who married Maj.-Gen. Sir Denis Pack, in 1816, and Sir Thomas Reynell, 6th Baronet, in 1831.
He also had two illegitimate sons, William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, and Sir John Beresford, 1st Baronet.
Lord Waterford died in 1800 and his titles passed to his eldest surviving legitimate son, Henry.
# Marie Pape-Carpantier

Marie Pape-Carpantier (1815–1878) was a French educator born on 11 September 1815 in Sarthe, France and died in Villiers-le-Bel (Val-d'Oise) on 31 July 1878. She grew to play a major part in revolutionizing education in French schools. She was a feminist who worked to fix poverty, social injustice, and to further the education of girls. She also wrote articles for the weekly French newspaper "The French Economist".
# Desmia strigivitralis

Desmia strigivitralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in Brazil.
# Robbie Dunne

Robbie Dunne (born 5 October 1969) is an Irish former soccer player who played for Dundalk in the League of Ireland First Division. Dunne made two appearances for UCD in the 2000 UEFA Intertoto Cup against PFC Velbazhd Kyustendil as the students went out on away goals.

## Honours

* League of Ireland First Division: 1
** Dublin City - 2003
# Roderick Travers

Roderick Travers (9 May 1831 – 19 July 1894) was a sheep farmer and member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## Early days

Travers was born in Islington, London, and sailed on the Blackwall from Portsmouth to Australia in 1850. He returned to London in 1852 and did not return to Australia until 1862. He acquired and ran several different stations in New South Wales and Queensland until his return to London around 1889. He helped found the Central Queensland Meat Export Co. Ltd in Rockhampton in 1880.

## Political career

After the resignation of Sydney Davis as the state member for Clermont in 1866, Travers was elected to take his place. He declined to take his seat in parliament believing that he did not have sufficient time at his disposal to permit his accepting the appointment and resigned a month later.

## Personal life

On the 29 August 1863, Travers married Charlotte Owen at Tamworth and together had one son and one daughter. Charlotte died at sea on her way south from Rockhampton in 1867.
He married again on the 17 August 1872 in Caulfield, Victoria to Amy Stephen and together had three sons and two daughters.
Travers died in Kensington, London, on the 19 July 1894.
# Rondot Kassongo

Rondot Kassongo, is a soukous recording artist and saxophonist, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He was once a member of the soukous band TPOK Jazz, led by François Luambo Makiadi, which dominated the Congolese music scene from the 1950s through the 1980s.