OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rostral column

A rostral column is a type of victory column originating in ancient Greece and Rome, where they were erected to commemorate a naval military victory. Its defining characteristic is the integrated prows or rams of ships, representing captured or destroyed enemy ships. The name derives from the Latin rostrum meaning the bow of a naval vessel.
Rostral columns of the modern world include the Columbus Monument at Columbus Circle in New York City, and the paired Saint Petersburg Rostral Columns.

## List of notable rostral columns
### Ancient

* Columna Rostrata C. Duilii ("Rostral Column of Gaius Duilius"), celebrating the naval Battle of Mylae (260 BC); formerly in the Roman Forum, some remnants of the inscription are now in the Capitoline Museum.

### Modern

* the Grenville Column, monument to Royal Navy officer Thomas Grenville, on the grounds of Stowe House, Buckinghamshire, England (1749)
* one element of the Tripoli Monument, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (1808)
* twin rostral columns in the Place des Quinconces, Bordeaux (1829)
* Place de la Concorde, Paris (1836)
* Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange and Rostral Columns, Saint Petersburg, Russia (1881)
* monument to Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, Praterstern, Vienna (1886)
* Columbus Monument, New York City (1892)
* in the Grand Basin of the World's Columbian Exposition (razed), Chicago, Illinois (1893)
* in Grant Park along the Metra Electric railroad line, Chicago, Illinois (1927-29)
* Cunard War Memorial, Liverpool, England (1920)
* Rostral Column, Vladivostok (ru:Ростральная колонна (Владивосток) in Russian) (1960)
* Rostral Columns, Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC
# Brading Marshes to St. Helen's Ledges SSSI

50°41′20″N 1°06′36″W﻿ / ﻿50.689°N 1.110°W﻿ / 50.689; -1.110
Brading Marshes to St. Helen's Ledges is a 488.5-hectare (1,207-acre) Site of special scientific interest which stretches from Brading along the Yar valley between Bembridge and St Helens, Isle of Wight through to the sea at Priory Bay on the north east coast of the Isle of Wight. It encompasses the Brading Marshes RSPB reserve, Bembridge harbour and the inter tidal sand, mud flats and rocky ledges exposed off the coast at low water, including the land around St Helens Fort which is not attached to the mainland. It is the second largest SSSI on the Isle of Wight. The site was notified in 1951 for both its biological and geological features.
# Carl Wagner (painter)

Carl Wagner (19 October 1796 in Roßdorf (Thüringen) - 10 February 1867 in Meiningen) was a German painter and representatives of the Romantic landscape painting.

## Life and work

On 19 October 1796 was the painter and etcher, Carl Wagner, son of the poet Johann Ernst Wagner, born in Roßdorf. He lived here for the first eight years of his life. 1804 the family moved to Meiningen, the royal capital of Saxe-Meiningen.
From 1813 to 1816 he studied at the Academy of Forestry in Dreißigacker and attended the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry in Tharandt. Wagner graduated from 1817 to 1820 to study painting at the Dresden Art Academy. From 1822 to 1825, he took advantage of a stay in Italy for artistic perfection. Again and again he will later travel to Vienna, and Switzerland, to capture alpine landscape impressions. 1825 he was appointed court painter and gallery-inspector at the ducal court in Meiningen.
Most of his works are in the art collection of Meininger Museums.
Wagner was one of the most important German painters of the Romantic landscape. He was known by Ludwig Richter (1803–1884) and Hermann Fechner. He was influenced, among others, by JA Koch (1768–1839) and Caspar David Friedrich.
About his family life, little is known, after heavy blows of fate and the death of his wife and two children, he lived a very lonely until his own death in 1867 in Meiningen.

## Illustrations (selection)

* In:album by German artists in Originalradirungen- Düsseldorf. Buddeus, 1841. The Digitized output of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
# Mayor Magrath Drive

Mayor Magrath Drive is the busiest north–south roadway and the second busiest roadway overall in Lethbridge, Alberta. In 2011, it saw roughly 34,000 vehicles per day in weekday traffic. Most retail and hospitality establishments in the city are concentrated on this roadway, and it serves as a major transportation corridor for the city and region.

## History

Mayor Magrath Drive was built on a Canadian Pacific Railway line from Lethbridge to Fort Macleod that was abandoned when the High Level Bridge was constructed in 1909. Until the 1920s, the rural, gravel roadway was known as Sunshine Trail.
In 1946, Sunshine Trail was paved with asphalt for the first time. The following year, it was renamed Mayor Magrath Drive after Charles A. Magrath, the first mayor of Lethbridge.
The roadway was expanded to four lanes in 1963. This expansion also included a system of service roads and connecting avenues to provide access to future commercial and residential development. Between 2001 and 2004, the overburdened road was expanded to six lanes.

## Traffic

In 2005, weekday traffic on Mayor Magrath Drive was recorded at 32,000 vehicles per day. Given that three provincial highways (3, 4 and 5) meet with the roadway, much of this traffic includes out-of-town tourists, commuters and truckers.
In addition, given the development of large-scale retail stores in the south end of the city, many shoppers use Mayor Magrath Drive.

## Amenities

Mayor Magrath Drive holds the bulk of the city's accommodations, including international chains such as Ramada, Best Western, Travelodge and Howard Johnson. Major shopping destinations (such as Walmart, Costco, Superstore, Safeway and Home Depot) are also located on this roadway, as well as a large number of restaurants.
Henderson Park borders on Mayor Magrath Drive and contains a golf course, the Nikka Yuko Japanese Garden, and Henderson Lake, the largest urban lake in the city.

## Transportation

Mayor Magrath Drive is central to transport in Lethbridge. It connects highways leading directly to the United States, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan. Several public transit routes follow the road, including the popular Link, which provides service between the Lethbridge College and Northside terminals. At the city limits Mayor Magrath Drive turns into Highway 5, which then continues to the Lethbridge County Airport.
# Russell F. Hicks

Russell Frank Hicks (January 1, 1820 in Smithfield, Madison County, New York – August 23, 1869 in Cicero, Onondaga County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He entered Cazenovia Seminary in 1827. He married Susan Hammond, of Dansville, Livingston County, New York, and their children were Hammond Hicks, John Hicks and Katharine Hicks. His widow later married Amariah Hammond Bradner (1818-1888).
Hicks was Deputy Clerk of the New York Court of Appeals under Benjamin F. Harwood. After Harwood's death, he became Clerk until the end of the year, and in November 1856, he was elected on the Republican ticket to succeed himself.

## Sources

* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (page 348; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
* The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for 1856 (Crosby, Nichols & Co, Boston, 1855; page 264)
* Van Deventer Genealogy
* Bradner genealogy [inverting erroneously Susan's marriages]
* Cazenovia Seminary records
* The Connecticut Nutmegger edited by the Connecticut Society of Genealogists (1984)
Legal offices :
| Preceded byBenjamin F. Harwood | Clerk of the Court of Appeals 1856–1859 | Succeeded byCharles Hughes |
# Forbidden Plateau

The Forbidden Plateau is a small, hilly plateau in the east of the Vancouver Island Ranges in British Columbia, northwest of Comox Lake roughly between Mount Albert Edward to the southwest and Mount Washington to the northeast.

## Geography

The plateau features gently sloping sub-alpine terrain broken up by small, rugged hills and pitted with small lakes. Much of it is contained within Strathcona Provincial Park, and a network of trails facilitate hiking, cross country skiing, and access to Mount Albert Edward. A sub-alpine meadow on Mount Becher in the southwest corner of the plateau is one of only a few locations in Canada where the Olympic onion can be found.

### Geology

The plateau was the epicentre of the 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake that registered 7.3 on the Richter magnitude scale, the strongest ever recorded on land in Canada.

## Legend

According to the popular, though disproven, legend, when the K'ómoks faced raids from other coastal tribes, they took their women and children to the plateau for safekeeping. During a raid by the Cowichan, the women and children vanished without a trace. When a member of the tribe went looking for the women and children within the Forbidden Plateau, he found red lichen covering the snow and nearby rocks and assumed the lichen to be blood from the family members. Since then, the plateau became taboo for it was believed that it was inhabited by evil spirits who had consumed those they had sent.
This legend, however, has no basis in K'ómoks history, a fact which has been documented by sources such as Comox Valley environmentalist Ruth Masters and Pat Trask, curator at the Courtenay Museum. Clinton Wood and Ben Hughes appear to be the creators of the false legend, the first record of which can be found in an article by Hughes in The Province newspaper in 1927. In a book published in 1967, Wood takes credit for the legend, stating that he believed a bit of mystery would help publicize the attraction of the plateau.
# Ramburg

The Ramburg is a ruined hill castle in the county of Südliche Weinstraße, in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Geography

The ruins of the Ramburg stand on the Schlossberg ("castle hill") at a height of 444 m above sea level (NN) above the village of Ramberg in the Palatinate region. The river Dernbach, the left-hand headstream of the Eisbach) flows through the valley.
Other castle ruins in the vicinity are: Modeneck Castle (ca. 2 km east-northeast), Frankenfelsen Castle (ca. 2.5 km east-northeast) and Neuscharfeneck Castle (ca. 2 km southeast).

## History

The Ramburg was built in the 12th century under the House of Hohenstaufen as an imperial castle for the protection of Trifels Castle. It is recorded as the seat of imperial ministeriales from 1163.
In 1519, Hans of Ramburg, the last member of the House of Ramburg, sold his castle to the Dalbergs. Six years later the castle was completely razed during the Peasants' War.
In 1540 the ruins were sold to the counts of Löwenstein. After being totally destroyed by a lightning strike in 1560 it was rebuilt as a residential castle again.
The castle was plundered during the Thirty Years' War, but not destroyed. Until 1638 it remained occupied as district office (Amtsitz), but fell into increasing disrepair and was used as a quarry in the early 18th century.

## Description

From the valley the impressive remains of the mighty shield wall and the palas are still visible. In addition, a neck ditch, several wall remains and a huge rock cellar have survived.

## Literature

* Rolf Übel: Ramburg, Meistersel, Frankenburg, bei Ramburg Kreis Südliche Weinstraße. Verlag für Burgenkunde und Pfalzforschung, Landau, 1999, ISBN 3-929893-07-X (= Burgen der Südpfalz, Vol. 3)
* Alexander Thon (ed.): „... wie eine gebannte, unnahbare Zauberburg“. Burgen in der Südpfalz, 2nd revised edition, Regensburg, 2005, pp. 128–131. ISBN 3795415705
# Elmer Darwin Ball

Elmer Darwin Ball (September 21, 1870 – October 5, 1943) was an American entomologist. Ball is known for his contributions to the knowledge of the leafhoppers, treehoppers, froghoppers, and other related insects.
Born in Athens, Vermont, his family moved to Iowa shortly after, where Ball received his early education. He earned B.S. and M.S. degrees from Iowa State College in 1895 and 1898, respectively. Ball married Mildred R. Norvell in 1899. After a brief stint as a school teacher and then assistant principal of Albion Seminary, he began teaching zoology and entomology at Iowa State College, and then at Colorado Agricultural College. After this he became a professor in the Utah Agricultural College, and commenced graduate work with Herbert Osborn as his mentor. Specializing in the biology of leafhoppers and related taxa, he received his Ph.D. from Ohio State University in 1907. That same year he became the dean of the Utah Agricultural College.
In 1908, Ball became a Fellow of the Entomological Society of America.
In 1916, Ball became the state entomologist of Wisconsin for two years before returning to serve as the head of the department of zoology and entomology at Iowa State. Ball went on leave from Iowa State to serve as Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for two years, from 1920 until 1921. He was employed at the U.S. Department of Agriculture from 1921 to 1925 as the scientific research director. Following this, he worked for the Florida State Plant Board, where he researched insect pathogens of celery. In 1928, he was appointed dean of the College of Agriculture and director of the Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of Arizona, where he worked until illness prevented him from doing so. After suffering a cerebral hemorrhage in February, 1938, he went on extended leave. After five year of illness, Ball died on October 5, 1943, in Pasadena, California. His papers are held in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution Archives.
# Brad Pearce

Brad Pearce may refer to:
* Brad Pearce (tennis) (born 1966), American tennis player
* Brad Pearce (footballer) (born 1971), Australian rules footballer
# Later

Later may refer to:

## Television

* Later (talk show), a 1988–2001 American talk show
* Later... with Jools Holland, a British music programme since 1992
* The Life and Times of Eddie Roberts, or L.A.T.E.R., a 1980 American sitcom
* "Later" (BoJack Horseman), an episode

## Other uses

* Later (magazine), a 1999–2001 British men's magazine
* Later (novel), a 2021 novel by Stephen King
* "Later" (song), a 2016 song by Example
* Later: My Life at the Edge of the World, a book by Paul Lisicky
# Chrysaperda circumcincta

Chrysaperda circumcincta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1859. It is known from Brazil.
# Sheep Look Up

Sheep Look Up was a Canadian post-punk band, based in London, Ontario. They were active from 1982 until 1988. The band's name derives from the John Brunner novel The Sheep Look Up, but the band drops "The" from the title.

## History

Their original line-up consisted of Matt Owen (vocals), Brian Boug (guitar), Greg Moore (drums), Mark Deroux (bass) and John Francom (piano, saxophone). In early 1983 the guitarist was replaced by Gilbert Smith and the vocalist began using the stage name Will Power. From 1983 until 1986 Lisa Patterson was a member and played saxophone and keyboards.
Their first release was the 1983 four-song cassette Entropic Concern. The tracks ("Burning", "Civil Disobedience", "Jumper" and "Wordless One") received airplay on college radio stations. The original tape featured Brian Boug but was later dubbed to reflect Gilbert Smith's different sound. They were also featured on the seminal alternative compilation Domestic Animals, released by Peter Moore. It was compiled from his huge collection of Live Binaural of the local music scene and a variety of other recordings made from 1979 to 1983.
In 1984 they were included on the equally seminal Animals Fight Back (A Christape), a compilation also made from a variety of recordings between 1977 - 1983. In 1986 "Like A Rat" was included on the vinyl LP London Underground, a compilation released by CHRW-FM.
In 1986 the vinyl EP Sheep Look Up was released. The record consisted of four songs: "Rapture", "Falasha", "Big Heart" and "Spaghetti Western", and got a good deal of local airplay. The Milan, Italy and Bath, England. The band toured "Across the left half of Canada" in the spring and fall of 87 to promote the EP.
The band spent the spring and fall of 1988 doing a variety of showcases for major labels and a number of North American, Canadian and European subsidiaries. In 1988 a rough mix of their soon to come full-length LP circulated as a demo tape. It featured four songs recorded and produced with Chris Wardman; "No Good Men", "Propaganda Train", "Girl Song A" and "Final Days". A final version of the LP was never released due to lack of funds and eventual dissolution of the band.
Three videos were made. "Like a Rat" was from a Halloween performance at the Forest City Gallery in London Ontario, "Iskra" was an experimental video shot during a live performance at the Rivoli in Toronto, Ontario and "Spaghetti Western" was made from a variety of found footage, live performance and candid videography compiled while on tour in 86/87. All three videos aired on Much Music.
Over the course of their career they opened for a number of big acts, including The Fall, The Stranglers, Marianne Faithful, Gene Loves Gezebel, Shriekback, and numerous others. They also did a short US tour supporting John Cale in the winter of 86 and supported Love and Rockets across Canada in the spring of '87.
# Forest Preserve (disambiguation)

A forest preserve is a type of nature reserve.
Forest Preserve may also refer to:
* Forest Preserve (New York), land owned by the state within the Adirondack and Catskill parks
* Forest Preserve District of Cook County, a governmental commission in Illinois
* Forest Preserve District of DuPage County, a governmental agency headquartered in Wheaton, Illinois
* Forest Preserve District of Will County, Illinois
* Forest Preserves of Cook County, Illinois
# Pics de la Font Sancte

The Pics de la Font Sancte is a mountain with two summits between the upper Ubaye Valley, Val Escreins and the Ceillac Valley, at the edge of the Queyras Regional Park. It is the highest peak of the Escreins Massif in the southern Cottian Alps in Hautes-Alpes, France. Its northern summit is 3,385 metres (11,106 ft) high and its south summit 3,371 metres (11,060 ft). They take their name from the Font Sancte, a source that springs from the rock in the valley at the foot of the peaks at 2,358 m.
The northern peak is climbed mostly from the west. The maximum slope is around 40° in the narrowest part of a corridor. It is recommended to climb it when it is snow-covered, so as to minimize the risk of falling rocks from the corridor, but also from the wall of the south peak. It then comes down to mountaineering. After the corridor has been climbed, access to the summit is possible for very good hikers. There is a big risk of rockfall on the mountain.
The south peak is accessible from the west, climbing the mountain ridge.
# Sam Lyle

Melvin E. "Sam" Lyle (June 18, 1924 – May 25, 2007) was an American football player, coach, and the founder of the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award.

## Playing career

Lyle played end at Louisiana State University from 1947 to 1949. He was the captain of the LSU Tigers team that played in the 1950 Sugar Bowl. He was drafted by the New York Bulldogs in the tenth round of the 1950 NFL draft.

## Coaching career

Lyle began his coaching career in 1951 as the ends coach at Georgia Tech under Bobby Dodd. He was an assistant on the Yellow Jacket teams that won the 1952 Orange Bowl and the 1953 and 1954 Sugar Bowls. In 1954, he moved to Oklahoma, where he was an assistant under future College Football Hall of Famer Bud Wilkinson. In his second and third seasons at Oklahoma, the Sooners won the College football national championship.
In 1958, Lyle succeeded another former Oklahoma assistant, Pop Ivy, as head coach of the Edmonton Eskimos. He resigned after only one season and returned to college football as an assistant at Florida.

## Head coaching record

| Team | Year | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Postseason | Postseason | Postseason | Postseason |
| Team | Year | Won | Lost | Ties | Win % | Finish | Won | Lost | Win % | Result |
| EDM | 1958 | 9 | 6 | 1 | .594 | 2nd in WIFU | 1 | 2 | .333 | Lost in WIFU Final 1–2 |
| Total | Total | 9 | 6 | 1 | .594 | | 3 | 2 | .600 | |

## Bobby Dodd Award

In 1976, Lyle created the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award. The award, named after former Georgia Tech coach Bobby Dodd, is an awarded annually to the college football head coach whose team excels on the field, in the classroom, and in the community. Lyle also served as the chairman of the executive committee of the American Sportsmanship Council, the group who sponsored the Bobby Dodd Award.

## Death

Lyle died of kidney failure on May 25, 2007, in Atlanta.
# Seth Howander

Seth Simon Oscar Howander (6 October 1892 – 14 September 1981) was a Swedish ice hockey, bandy and football player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.
In 1920 he was a member of the Swedish ice hockey team which finished fourth in the Summer Olympics tournament. He played five matches as goaltender. Ice hockey didn't exist in Sweden at the time, so Howander and the other Swedish players were bandy players.
# Museum of the National Struggle for Liberation

The Museum of the National Struggle for Liberation is a history museum located in the town of Jajce, in the Central Bosnia Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## History

Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia or AVNOJ was a political body formed during World War II that inspired to represent all people of Yugoslavia. After capitulation of Italy and destruction of Chetnik army by the autumn of 1943 AVNOJ was recognized by Allies of World War II. On November 29–30, 1943 AVNOJ held it second congress in Jajce. Following Josip Broz Tito proposal, AVNOJ was proclaimed a legislative body, King Peter II of Yugoslavia and his government has been denied the right to represent Yugoslav peoples and banned from returning from exile. The new government - National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia or NKOJ - has been formed, and Josip Broz Tito was granted title of Marshal, per Moša Pijade proposal. After formation of the Republic of Yugoslavia November 29 was celebrated as Day of the Republic, a national holiday.
# Dominique Delestre

Dominique Delestre (born 18 February 1955) is a French former racing driver. Delestre was born in Nancy, France.
# Carl Rafn

Carl Rafn may refer to:
* Carl Christian Rafn (1795–1864), Danish historian, translator, and antiquarian
* Carl Gottlob Rafn (1769–1808), Danish scientist and civil servant
# Certified wireless network expert

The Certified Wireless Network Expert (CWNE) is the highest level certification in the CWNP program started in 2001 by Planet3 Wireless. It certifies the ability to design, install, secure, optimize and troubleshoot IEEE 802.11 wireless networks.

## Certification track

The CWNE credential is the final step in a four-level certification process. It validates the applicant's real-world application of the principles covered by the other CWNP certification exams, including wireless protocol analysis, security, advanced design, spectrum analysis, wired network administration, and troubleshooting.

## CWNE Requirements

The requirements for earning the CWNE certification changed on October 1, 2010, when the CWNE exam (PW0-300) was retired. The new requirements for the CWNE certification are:
* Valid and current CWSP, CWAP, CWISA, and CWDP certifications (requires CWNA).
* Three (3) years of documented enterprise Wi-Fi implementation experience.
* Three (3) professional endorsements.
* One (1) other current, valid professional networking certifications.
* Documentation of three (3) enterprise Wi-Fi projects in which you participated or led in the form of 500 word essays.

## Recertification

Like most other CWNP certifications, the CWNE certification is valid for three (3) years. The certification may be renewed by reporting at least sixty (60) hours of approved Continuing Education (CE).
Passing the most current version of either the CWSP, CWAP, or CWDP exam, which was the only recertification requirement prior to the change, is now worth twenty (20) CE hours.
# Goff LJ

Goff LJ may refer to: