OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pilar Bayer

Pilar Bayer Isant (born 1946) is a Spanish mathematician specializing in number theory. She is a professor emerita in the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science of the University of Barcelona.

## Education and career

Bayer was born in Barcelona on February 13, 1946. Before becoming a mathematician, she was certified as a piano teacher by the Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona in 1967.
She graduated from the University of Barcelona in 1968, and completed her Ph.D. there in 1975. Her dissertation, Extensiones maximales de un cuerpo global en las que un divisor primo descompone completamente, was jointly supervised by Rafael Mallol Balmaña and Jürgen Neukirch. She was one of the first two women to earn a Ph.D. from the university; the other was her high school teacher.
She was an assistant at Universität Regensburg from 1977 to 1980. After briefly working for the University of Santander and Autonomous University of Barcelona, she joined the faculty at the University of Barcelona in 1982. She retired in 2016.

## Contributions

With Montserrat Alsina, Bayer is the author of the book Quaternion Orders, Quadratic Forms, and Shimura Curves (American Mathematical Society, 2004). As well as quaternion algebras, Eichler orders, quadratic forms, and Shimura curves (the subject of the book), other topics in her research include automorphic forms, diophantine equations, elliptic curves, modular curves, and zeta functions.
Beyond number theory, with Jordi Guàrdia and Artur Travesa she is the author of Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950 (Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012), on the history of mathematics in Germany from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. In total she is an author or editor of 19 books.

## Recognition

Bayer won the Narcís Monturiol Medal of the Generalitat de Catalunya in 1998. Her book Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950 won the Serra d'Or Critic's Prize in 2013.
She was Emmy Noether Visiting Professor at the University of Göttingen in 2004. She is an academician of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences, the Royal European Academy of Doctors [ca], the Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of Barcelona, and the Institute for Catalan Studies.
In honor of her 70th birthday, the University of Barcelona published a two-volume edition of her selected works in 2016.
# Gabriel Toby

Gabriel Tamunobiebere George Toby is a Nigerian politician of the People's Democratic Party, an economist and a former civil servant who served as Deputy Governor of Rivers State under Governor Peter Odili from 1999 to 2007.

## Early life and education

Originally from Opobo, Toby is an alumnus of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He studied Economics and received a bachelor's degree in 1963.

## Career

Toby worked as a civil servant in various government ministries, rising to the rank of Director General before retiring in 1994. Other offices in which he has served include Pro-Chancellor, and Chairman Governing Council, University of Benin, Pro-Chancellor and Chairman, Governing Council, University of Port Harcourt and Chairman of Council, Rivers State Polytechnic, Bori. In 1999, Toby was chosen as the People's Democratic Party nominee for deputy governor. He was elected eventually and served under Governor Peter Odili. In 2006, he became the first Nigerian to earn the National Merit Award of Accomplished and most Outstanding Deputy Governor in the country.
# GJ 3991

GJ 3991 (also known as Gliese 3991 and G 203-47) is a binary star system located 24.2 light-years away in the constellation Hercules. It consists of a Red dwarf star with 20-30% the mass of the Sun, and a White dwarf star roughly 50% the mass of the sun. The two components orbit each other in a tight orbit only 0.11 astronomical units from each other, with an orbital period of only 14.71 days. Due to their small separation, the two objects have never been visually resolved and are merely predicted from the radial velocity changes of GJ 3991 A, making the system a spectroscopic binary.

## White dwarf

GJ 3991 B was first identified in 1997 by astronomers I. N. Reid and J. E. Gizis through significant radial velocity variations visible through GJ 3991 A, although were unable to identify the nature of the secondary object. In 1998, another group of astronomers was able to determine the secondary as a cold white dwarf star, the compact remnant that remains after a low-mass star such as the Sun is no longer able to fuse elements for energy. GJ 3991 B is the 9th nearest white dwarf, after Sirius B, Procyon B, Van Maanen 2, LP 145-141, 40 Eridani B, Stein 2051 B, G 240-72, and Gliese 223.2. Among these, GJ 3991 B is not only the coldest, but the only one in a short-period orbit with another star. GJ 3991 B is probably over 6 billion years old, making it the oldest among these objects as well.
# Gairola

Gairola is a clan of the Garhwali Sarola Brahmins and is also a toponymic surname from Gairoli, a village in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India. In an earlier time period, Gairolas were believed to be astrologers and rajpurohits.
Notable people with this surname include:
* P.L. Gairola, the chairman and Director of Dena Bank
* Tara Dutt Gairola, an Indian lawyer, author, and editor
# Gaius Vitorius Hosidius Geta

Gaius Vitorius Hosidius Geta (/ˈɡɛtə/ GHET-ə) was a Roman who lived in the 1st century AD and 2nd century AD. Geta was an only son and might have had a sister called Vitoria. His father was Roman consul and senator Marcus Vitorius Marcellus and his mother was Hosidia Geta. Geta's maternal grandfather was Roman Senator and General Gnaeus Hosidius Geta.
Geta is mentioned in the fourth book of Silvae by the poet Statius and in the writings of the Roman teacher Quintilian. Both Statius and Quintilian were friends of his father's. Statius mentions that Geta's grandfather demanded worthy feats from him.
Quintilian had appeared to be Geta's tutor, because in his letters to Marcellus, Quintilian mentions about Marcellus’ instructions to him. Quintilian writes to Marcellus, how impressed he is of Geta's academic abilities and hopes Geta would aspire to them.
Geta became a member of the Arval Brethren. The Arval Brethren was an ancient group of priests who offered annual sacrifices to the lares and the gods to guarantee good harvests. His name appears in an inscription in the records of the Arval Brethren.

## Sources

* White, Peter (1 January 1973). "Notes on Two Statian ΠΡΟΣΩΠΑ". Classical Philology. 68 (4): 279–284. doi:10.1086/366006. JSTOR 268871. S2CID 163021137.
* http://bcs.fltr.ucl.ac.be/Quint/quint1Intro.html
* "Hosidius Geta". U Chicago. Retrieved 2015-11-09.
* https://dawnworldhub.blogspot.com/2024/03/kindle-or-paperback-pros-and-cons-of.html
* Taplin, O. (2000). Literature in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A New Perspective. Oxford University Press. p. 499. ISBN 978-0-19-210020-7. Retrieved 2015-11-09.
* This ancient Roman biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Gabon women's national basketball team

Gabon women's national basketball team is the nationally basketball team representing Gabon at world basketball competitions for women.

## History

The Gabonese played in July 2021 in Kinshasa a pivotal match against the DR Congo national team at the 2021 Women's Afrobasket qualification under head coach Raymond Lasseny.
At that time, the Gabonese had always beaten the RDC.

## Afrobasket record

* 2005 – 9th
* 2015 – 7th
# Gallo Gallina

Gallo Gallina (1778–1837) was an Italian painter and engraver, working in a Neoclassical style. He was active also as a lithographer.
He helped Giulio Ferrario complete the volumes of Costumi antichi e Moderni. He became the custodian of the archaeological museum in the Brera Academy. He painted a canvas for the baptistery of Cremona Cathedral.
# Gallo Manor

Gallo Manor is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region 3 and Region 7.
Much of the suburb is cordoned off as a gated settlement.
Gallo Manor is bounded by Wendywood and the Johannesburg Country Club. The suburb is near to Sandton and has good access to major arterial roads connecting to Fourways, Kyalami, Midrand and OR Tambo International Airport easy.
# Ganjo

Ganjo may refer to:
* Ganjo Takkar, a limestone hill range in the Sindh province of Pakistan
* the Australian name for a Banjo guitar
# Gap buffer

A gap buffer in computer science is a dynamic array that allows efficient insertion and deletion operations clustered near the same location. Gap buffers are especially common in text editors, where most changes to the text occur at or near the current location of the cursor. The text is stored in a large buffer in two contiguous segments, with a gap between them for inserting new text. Moving the cursor involves copying text from one side of the gap to the other (sometimes copying is delayed until the next operation that changes the text). Insertion adds new text at the end of the first segment; deletion deletes it.
Text in a gap buffer is represented as two strings, which take very little extra space and which can be searched and displayed very quickly, compared to more sophisticated data structures such as linked lists. However, operations at different locations in the text and ones that fill the gap (requiring a new gap to be created) may require copying most of the text, which is especially inefficient for large files. The use of gap buffers is based on the assumption that such recopying occurs rarely enough that its cost can be amortized over the more common cheap operations. This makes the gap buffer a simpler alternative to the rope for use in text editors such as Emacs.

## Example

Below are some examples of operations with buffer gaps. The gap is represented by the empty space between the square brackets. This representation is a bit misleading: in a typical implementation, the endpoints of the gap are tracked using pointers or array indices, and the contents of the gap are ignored; this allows, for example, deletions to be done by adjusting a pointer without changing the text in the buffer.
Initial state:
User inserts some new text:
User moves the cursor before "started"; system moves "started " from the first buffer to the second buffer.
User adds text filling the gap; system creates new gap:
# Ganga Gowri (1973 film)

Ganga Gowri is a 1973 Indian Tamil-language Hindu mythological film, directed and produced by B. R. Panthulu. The film stars Gemini Ganesan and Jayalalithaa & Jayanthi with music composed by M. S. Viswanathan. It is a remake of Panthulu's own 1967 Kannada film Gange Gowri. The film was released on 16 January 1973, and emerged a commercial success.

## Cast

* Gemini Ganesan as Lord Shiva
* Jayalalithaa as Ganga
* Jayanthi as Dakshayani / Gowri
* Cho as Lord Narada
* O. A. K. Thevar as Saniswaran
* S. A. Ashokan as Fisherman's leader
* Sivakumar as Narayanan
* Thengai Srinivasan as Subbuni
* Manorama as Kumutha / Katha kalakshepam singer (Story Narrator)
* Poornam Viswanathan as Gowri's father
* C. K. Saraswathi as Akilandam / Gowri's stepmother
* Kumari Padmini as Narada's female incarnation
* Geethanjali as Lakshmi

## Production

The film was shot at Premier Studio, Mysore. Ganesan took dancing lessons to portray Shiva in the film.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan, with lyrics by Kannadasan. The song "Andharangam Naan Ariven" is set in the Hindustani raga Bageshri, and "Azhagiya Megangal" is set to Amritavarshini, a Carnatic raga. The song "Pichandi Thannai" is set in Hindustani raga Ahir Bhairav, and "Aadhi Naathan" is set in Sahana.
| Song | Singers |
| "Aadhi Baghavan" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan |
| "Pichandi Thannai" | T. M. Soundararajan |
| "Azhagiya Megangal" | S. Janaki |
| "Andharangam Naan Ariven" | P. B. Sreenivas, S. Janaki |
| "Ennamma Annamma" | T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari |
| "Aadhi Naathan Kedkinraan" | T. M. Soundararajan, S. Janaki |
| "Adi Yendiamma" | S. Janaki, L. R. Eswari |
# Ganga Devi Mahila College

Ganga Devi Mahila College is a degree college in Kankarbagh, Bihar, India. It is a constituent unit of Patliputra University. College offers Senior secondary education and Undergraduate degree in Arts and Science.

## History

College was established in 1971. It became a constituent unit of Patliputra University in 2018.

## Degrees and courses

College offers the following degrees and courses.
* Bachelor's degree
** Bachelor of Arts
** Bachelor of Science
* Senior Secondary
** Intermediate of Arts
** Intermediate of Science
# Garnet Canyon Trail

The Garnet Canyon Trail is a 4.8-mile (7.7 km) (8.4 mi (13.5 km) round-trip) long hiking trail in Grand Teton National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The trailhead is at the Lupine Meadows parking area and climbs steeply more than 2,500 feet (760 m) in just under 5 miles (8.0 km) into Garnet Canyon. At the 2-mile (3.2 km) point, the trail forks from the Amphitheater Lake Trail and heads south and then west into Garnet Canyon. Garnet Canyon is the most popular approach route for climbers attempting to summit not only Grand Teton but also Middle Teton, South Teton, Teepe Pillar and Disappointment Peak. Though the trail becomes unmaintained once it enters boulder fields at approximately the 9,500-foot (2,900 m) elevation point, climbers continue on to other destinations such as the Lower Saddle (11,600 ft (3,500 m)), a high altitude mountain pass situated between Middle and Grand Teton. The altitude gain from the Lupine Meadows trailhead to the Lower Saddle is nearly 5,000 feet (1,500 m).
43°43′33″N 110°47′45″W﻿ / ﻿43.7258333°N 110.7958333°W﻿ / 43.7258333; -110.7958333
# Garnet Carter

John Garnet Carter (Feb. 9, 1883, in Sweetwater, Tennessee – July 21, 1954) was an American inventor and entrepreneur who is considered one of the fathers of miniature golf. In 1927, Carter was the first to patent a version of the game which he called "Tom Thumb Golf". His course was built on Lookout Mountain in Georgia where Carter owned a hotel. Within a few years, thousands of Tom Thumb courses opened all over the United States. Carter eventually sold the rights to his patent and used his fortune to found the Rock City Gardens.
# Gartlage

Gartlage is a district of the city of Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated next to the Innenstadt (city centre).
As of late 2008 the Gartlage district was home to 2,403 households comprising 3,644 residents; a rise of 24 residents from the previous year. The district has a land area of 169.2 hectares, making it the second smallest in Osnabrück after the Innenstadt (163 hectares).
The district is home to the Halle Gartlage (Gartlage Hall), which was originally built in 1954 for auctioning cattle. Today it is also used for concerts, flea markets and various other events. Osnabrück’s biannual Jahrmärkte (fairs) take place around the area of the hall. The hall used to be the location of a railway platform for special train journeys on the Osnabrück-Bremen line.
The district formerly had a link to the tram network on line 3, which ran from Schinkel to Martiniplatz/Heinrich-Lübke-Platz via Buersche Straße and Neumarkt. Another tram line running from the Innenstadt towards Bremer Straße via Alte Poststraße and Bohmte Straße had also been planned but never became operational. However, tracks were set up underneath Bremer Brücke (Bremer Bridge).
The Klushügel sports centre has both grass and hard-surfaced playing courts along with additional facilities for athletic sports etc.
# Gartler

Gartler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Paul Gartler (born 1997), Austrian footballer
* René Gartler (born 1985), Austrian footballer and coach
* Stanley Michael Gartler (born 1923), American cell and molecular biologist and human geneticist
# Gas, Eure-et-Loir

Gas is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
# Gareth Roberts (rugby union)

Gareth John Roberts (born 15 January 1959, in Pont-Lliw) is a former international Wales rugby union player. He was in the Wales squad for the 1987 Rugby World Cup, scoring two tries. Roberts enjoyed a long first class rugby career representing Swansea, Cardiff and Llanelli. Roberts was born in Pontlliw in 1959 and educated at Pontlliw Primary and Gowerton Grammar and Comprehensive Schools. After playing Youth rugby at Pontarddulais RFC and gaining a record number of Welsh Caps at age group level (his tally of 19 included 6 at U15s, 3 at U16 and 10 at U19 level) he joined Swansea for whom he played 191 times scoring 61 tries and in 1984 moved to the Arms Park making 166 appearances for the Blue and Blacks in two spells with the club scoring 43 tries. He also played for a season at Llanelli RFC scoring 8 tries. At senior level he won 4 Welsh 'B' caps and selection for the senior team followed. He was named as a replacement 12 times before winning his first senior cap (off the bench) against France and he also represented the Barbarians.
# Gary MacDonald

Gary MacDonald may refer to:
* Gary MacDonald (footballer) (born 1979), English footballer
* Gary MacDonald (swimmer) (born 1953), Canadian swimmer
* Gary Macdonald, a fictional character on the TV program Saturday Night Live
# Gato de Noche

"Gato de Noche" (English: "Night Cat") is a song by Puerto Rican rappers and singers Ñengo Flow and Bad Bunny. It was originally released on December 22, 2022, by Rimas Entertainment, as the first single from Ñengo Flow's seventh studio album, Real G 4 Life, Vol. 4 (2024).

## Chart performance

"Gato de Noche" peaked at number 60 on the US Billboard Hot 100 dated January 14, 2023. Additionally, it peaked at number 2 on the US Hot Latin Songs chart and number 28 on the Billboard Global 200.

## Music video

The music video for "Gato de Noche" was released on YouTube on December 22, 2022.

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Gato de Noche" :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| Argentina (Argentina Hot 100) | 50 |
| Bolivia (Billboard) | 8 |
| Chile (Billboard) | 5 |
| Colombia (Billboard) | 8 |
| Ecuador (Billboard) | 7 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 28 |
| Mexico (Billboard) | 8 |
| Peru (Billboard) | 13 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 177 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 8 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 60 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 2 |
# Gau Berlin

The Gau Berlin was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the German capital Berlin. Before that, from 1928 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area. From 1926 to 1928 Berlin was part of the Gau Berlin-Brandenburg which was split into two separate Gaue on 1 October 1928.

## History

The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a party conference on 22 May 1926, in order to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.
At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War, with little interference from above. The local Gauleiters often held government positions as well as party ones and were in charge of, among other things, propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onward, the Volkssturm and the defense of the Gau.
The position of Gauleiter in Berlin was held by Joseph Goebbels throughout the history of the Gau. Goebbels, Reich Minister of Propaganda, was one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and, along with his family, committed suicide on 1 May 1945.
# Gauriphanta

Gauriphanta is a village in on the bank of River Mohana in North of Lakhimpur Kheri district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, located on the border with Nepal across from the city Dhangadhi.

## Transport

Gauriphanta is on State Highway No. 70. It was also a terminal railway station on the Mailani-Dudhwa-Gauriphanta Meter Gauge line before services were withdrawn in 2004. Nepalese and Indian nationals may cross the border without restrictions, however there is a customs checkpoint for goods and third country nationals. The railway line is set to be revived in Narrow Gauge as part of Dudhwa Forest Railway for doing safari in Dudhwa National Park.
# Geamăna oil field

The Geamăna oil field is an oil field located in Zemeș, Bacău County. It was discovered in 2000 and developed by Petrom. It began production in 2001 and produces oil. The total proven reserves of the Geamăna oil field are around 50 million barrels (6.18×10$^6$tonnes), and production is centered on 3,000 barrels per day (480 m$^3$/d).
# Gealtacht Mael Mórdha

Gealtacht Mael Mórdha is the second full-length studio album by Irish celtic doom metal band Mael Mórdha.

## Track listing

* "Atlas of Sorrow" – 10:37
* "Godless Commune of Sodom" – 6:01
* "A Window of Madness" – 5:50
* "Curse of the Bard" – 4:47
* "The Struggle Eternal" – 7:22
* "Gealtacht Mael Mórdha" – 5:23
* "Minions of Manannan" – 4:32

## Personnel

* Roibéard Ó Bogail – Vocals, piano, whistle
* Gerry Clince – Guitars
* Anthony Lindsay – Guitars
* Dave Murphy – Bass
* Shane Cahill – Drums
# Gealy Spur

Gealy Spur (84°38′S 165°13′E﻿ / ﻿84.633°S 165.217°E﻿ / -84.633; 165.217) is a high rock spur on the west side of Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica. The spur descends northeast from Mount Marshall and terminates in Willey Point. This area was first sighted by Ernest Shackleton's Southern Journey Party in December 1908. The spur was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for William J. Gealy, a stratigrapher with the Ohio State University Geological Expedition of 1969–70, who worked the spur and found tetrapod fossils here.
# Gearon

Gearon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eamonn Gearon, British author, Arabist, and analyst
* Tierney Gearon (born 1963), American photographer
* Valerie Gearon (1937–2003), Welsh actress
* Rocco Gearon (2009),
Young engineer
# Gemeentelijk Sportpark Kaalheide

The Gemeentelijk Sportpark Kaalheide is a stadium situated in Kerkrade, Netherlands. It is the former stadium of Roda JC, who since 2000 play in the Parkstad Limburg Stadion. It is still in use for youth and Jong Roda JC (U21) matches.
50°51′39.34″N 6°02′19.33″E﻿ / ﻿50.8609278°N 6.0387028°E﻿ / 50.8609278; 6.0387028
* This article about a Dutch sports venue is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Gemeinde

Gemeinde (German:; plural: Gemeinden) is a German word translating to "community", "town", "parish", or "municipality".
Gemeinde may refer to:
* An administrative division encompassing a single village, town, or city:
** Gemeinde (Austria)
** Gemeinde (Germany)
** Gemeinde (South Tyrol)
** Gemeinde (Switzerland)
* Gemeinde (theology), a Christian or Jewish congregation
# Gemeinde (theology)

In theological usage, the German word Gemeinde (German:; plural: Gemeinden) refers to a group of people attached to a specific house of worship, usually a church building or a synagogue. The word can be used to mean a parish assembly, in the sense of a group of people physically present for a service or other function, or be used in the sense of the Greek term koinonia, a general fellowship of believers. In these senses, the word has no direct English equivalent except among Mormons, who call it a ward.
Among the Amish, the word can also refer to the Amish community, interpreted as a corporate body politic, as a whole.
In terms of Jewish communities, the word can refer to the community level of Jewish life, as established in pre-World War II Germany.