OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ligase ribozyme

The RNA Ligase ribozyme was the first of several types of synthetic ribozymes produced by in vitro evolution and selection techniques. They are an important class of ribozymes because they catalyze the assembly of RNA fragments into phosphodiester RNA polymers, a reaction required of all extant nucleic acid polymerases and thought to be required for any self-replicating molecule. Ideas that the origin of life may have involved the first self-replicating molecules being ribozymes are called RNA World hypotheses. Ligase ribozymes may have been part of such a pre-biotic RNA world.
In order to copy RNA, fragments or monomers (individual building blocks) that have 5′-triphosphates must be ligated together. This is true for modern (protein-based) polymerases, and is also the most likely mechanism by which a ribozyme self-replicase in an RNA world might function. Yet no one has found a natural ribozyme that can perform this reaction.

## In vitro evolution and selection

RNA in vitro evolution or SELEX enables the artificial evolution and selection of RNA molecules that possess a desired property, such as binding affinity for a particular ligand or an activity such as that of an enzyme or catalyst. The first such selections involved isolation of various aptamers that bind to small molecules. The first catalytic RNAs produced by in vitro evolution were RNA ligases, catalytic RNAs that join two RNA fragments to produce a single adduct. The most active ligase known to date is the Class I ligase, isolated from random sequence (work of David Bartel, while in the Szostak lab). Other examples of RNA ligases include the L1 ligase (Robertson and Ellington), the R3C ligase (Joyce), the DSL ligase (Inoue). All these ligases catalyze the formation of a 3′–5′ phosphodiester bond between two RNA fragments.

## The L1 ligase

Michael Robertson and Andrew Ellington evolved a ligase ribozyme that performs the desired 5′–3′ RNA assembly reaction, and called this the L1 ligase. To better understand the details of how this ribozyme folds into a structure that permits it to catalyze this fundamental reaction, the X-ray crystal structure has been solved. The structure is composed of three helical stems called stem A, B and C, that connect at a three helix junction.
# Light Breeze

Light Breeze is an album by the flugelhornist and composer Franco Ambrosetti which was recorded in 1997 and released on the Enja label the following year.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
In JazzTimes, Patricia Myers stated "The pure tone and graceful fluency of Franco Ambrosetti’s flugelhorn is absolutely enthralling throughout this diverse collection".

## Track listing

All compositions by Franco Ambrosetti except where noted
* "Versace" (Daniel Humair) – 6:33
* "Silli's Nest (Interlude 1)" – 1:31
* "Deborah" (Gian Luca Ambrosetti) – 9:02
* "Culture and Sensitivity (Interlude 2)" (John Abercrombie) – 1:43
* "Contempo Latinsky" – 7:13
* "Elegia (Interlude 3)" (Antonio Faraò) – 1:08
* "My Foolish Heart" (Victor Young, Ned Washington) – 7:25
* "Virtuosismo (Interlude 4)" (Miroslav Vitous) – 1:20
* "One for the Kids" (George Gruntz) – 6:01
* "Percussion Dreams (Interlude 5)" (Billy Drummond) – 2:14
* "Giant Steps" (John Coltrane) – 5:53
* "Silli in the Sky" – 5:45

## Personnel

* Franco Ambrosetti – flugelhorn
* John Abercrombie – guitar
* Antonio Faraò – piano
* Miroslav Vitous – bass
* Billy Drummond – drums
# Limax

Limax is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Limacidae.
The generic name Limax literally means "slug".
Some species, such as the leopard slug (L. maximus) and the tawny garden slug (Limacus flavus), are beneficial for the garden.
The genus Limax sensu stricto is probably monophyletic.

## Distribution

This genus is native to Europe, but at least one species (L. maximus) has been introduced into North America.

## Species

The genus Limax includes at least 33 species:
* Limax aeolianus Giusti, 1973
* Limax albipes Dumont & Mortillet, 1853
* Limax amaliae Bettoni, 1870
* Limax bielzii Seibert, 1873
* Limax brandstetteri Falkner, 2008
* Limax camerani Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
* Limax canapicianus Pollonera, 1885
* Limax cephalonicus Simroth, 1886
* Limax ciminensis Pollonera, 1890
* Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803 (syn. Limax alpinus Férussac, 1822)
* Limax conemenosi Böttger, 1882
* Limax corsicus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
* Limax dacampi Menegazzi, 1854
** Limax dacampi dacampi Menegazzi, 1855
* Limax dobrogicus Grossu & Lupu, 1960
* Limax doriae Bourguignat, 1861
* Limax engadinensis Heynemann, 1863
* Limax erythrus Bourguignat, 1864
* Limax gerhardti Niethammer, 1937
* Limax giovannellae Falkner & Niederhöfer, 2008
* Limax giustii Falkner & Nitz, 2010
* Limax graciadeii Gerhardt, 1940
* Limax graecus Simroth, 1889
* Limax granosus Bérenguier, 1900
* Limax hemmeni Rähle, 1983
* Limax ianninii Giusti, 1973
* Limax ilvensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
* Limax lachensis Bérenguier, 1900
* Limax luctuosus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
* Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 - great grey slug
* Limax millipunctatus Pini, 1885
* Limax monolineatus Bettoni, 1870
* Limax monregalensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
* Limax pironae Pini, 1876
* Limax polipunctatus Pollonera, 1888
* Limax punctulatus Sordelli, 1871
* Limax redii Gerhardt, 1933
* Limax samensis Heim & Nitz, 2009
* Limax squamosus Bérenguier, 1900
* Limax strobeli Pini, 1876
* Limax subalpinus Lessona, 1880
* Limax tschapecki Simroth, 1886
* Limax veronensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
* Limax vizzavonensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
* Limax wohlberedti Simroth, 1900
* Limax wolterstorffi Simroth, 1900
* Limax zilchi Grossu & Lupu, 1960

### Subgenus Limacus (more often today treated as its own genus)

* Limax ecarinatus Boettger, 1881: synonym of Limacus maculatus (Kaleniczenko, 1851)
* Limax flavus Linnaeus, 1758 yellow garden slug, tawny garden slug: synonym of Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758)

## Synonyms

* Limax marginatus Müller, 1774 is a synonym for Lehmannia marginata (Müller, 1774)
* Limax valentianus Férussac, 1822 is a synonym for Ambigolimax valentianus (Férussac, 1822)
* Limax nyctelius Bourguignat, 1861 is now placed in the genus Letourneuxia but the name has been used for Lehmannia carpatica (Bourguignat, 1861) and Ambigolimax waterstoni Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022
# Lichtenstein (Osterode am Harz)

The Lichtenstein is a hill, 260.9 m above sea level (NHN), in the southwestern Harz Foreland. It rises near Osterode am Harz in the Lower Saxon county of Göttingen.
There is a formation of Lower Bunter sandstone on the hill as well as the remains of Lichtenstein Castle. It is also the site of the Lichtenstein Cave.

## Geography
### Location

The Lichtenstein rises southwest of the Harz mountains between Förste to the north, Osterode am Harz to the east-northeast, Ührde to the southeast and Dorste to the south-southwest; it belongs entirely to the Osterode borough, the town itself being 5.3 (as the crow flies) east-northeast of the summit. The Söse tributary, the Salza, flows past the hill to the west. The hill's southwestern spur is the Badenhäuser Berg (221.6 m).
# Lietzke

Lietzke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bruce Lietzke (1951–2018), American golfer
* Lisa Lietzke, fictional character
# Limnebius aluta

Limnebius aluta is a species of beetle belonging to the family Hydraenidae.
It is native to Europe.
# Ear hair

Ear hair is the terminal hair arising from folliculary cartilage inside the external auditory meatus in humans. In its broader sense, ear hair may also include the fine vellus hair covering much of the ear, particularly at the prominent parts of the anterior ear, or even the abnormal hair growth as seen in hypertrichosis and hirsutism. Medical research on the function of ear hair is currently very scarce.
Hair growth within the ear canal is often observed to increase in older men,$^{:206}$ together with increased growth of nasal hair. Visible hair that protrudes from the ear canal is sometimes trimmed for cosmetic reasons.$^{:97}$ Excessive hair growth within or on the ear is known medically as auricular hypertrichosis.$^{:125}$ Some men, particularly in the male population of India, have coarse hair growth along the lower portion of the helix, a condition referred to as "having hairy pinnae" (hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita).

## Structure

Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles in the dermis, or skin. With the exception of areas of glabrous skin, the human body is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. It is an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably keratin.

## Clinical significance

* Hair that migrates so that it touches the eardrum may cause tinnitus.
* Folliculitis of ear hair may cause acute and localized otitis externa.
* Severe hypertrichosis of the external ear during minoxidil therapy, where excessive hair covers the ears, may cause ear canal occlusion, potentially resulting in partial or complete deafness.

## Society and culture

Radhakant Bajpai, an Indian grocer, was recognized by Guinness in 2003 as having the longest ear hair in the world, measuring 13.2 cm. In a 2009 interview, when his hair had reached 25 cm, he said that he considered the long ear hair to be a symbol of luck and prosperity.
# Ear for Music

Ear for Music was a short-lived Australian music magazine that operated for three issues in 1973. It was published by Modern Magazines and owned by Kim Ryrie. Anthony O'Grady was the magazine's editor.
Having written for Go-Set, O'Grady was asked by Ryrie to be editor of a new music title. The publication was among the first Australian magazines devoted to music. In his introduction to the inaugural issue, dated September 1973, O'Grady wrote that the magazine's writers were the "best ever lined up for a music magazine in Australia" and included "performers, musicologists, critics, [and] experts in audio equipment". The second issue was published on 17 October, although dated November.
Ear for Music's staff included Michael Delaney in the role of music consultant. Among its writers was Bruce Elder, who credited O'Grady with giving him his first break as a professional journalist. British music critic Nik Cohn also wrote for the magazine, contributing an article on the Who in the November 1973 issue.
Ear for Music published its own album charts, divided into listings of Top Group {Popular}, Top Group (Hard Rock), Top Male Artist (Popular), Top Male Artist (Hard Rock), Top Female Vocal, and Soundtrack and Comedy. According to the magazine, the charts were compiled from information received from record companies and checked against sales figures from leading record stores throughout Australia.
# Ebela

Ebela (Bengali: এবেলা) was a Bengali tabloid targeted primarily at young Bengali readers of West Bengal. It is the second Bengali daily published by ABP Group after Anandabazar Patrika. The 24-page tabloid was being circulated in Kolkata and Howrah only. The newspaper was discontinued on 17 December 2018.

## Sections

* Ebela, the main section of the newspaper, covering the latest news of West Bengal, India and the world
* Obela covers topics related to entertainment, film, music, city festivals, and television schedules
* Rabibela, a special section of Sunday editions (discontinued)
# Prayers for Atheists

Prayers for Atheists (abbreviated PFA) is an American punk rock band from Providence, Rhode Island, consisting of Jared Paul and Alan Hague.

## History

Prayers for Atheists released the debut EP, Prayers for Atheists, on Strange Famous Records in 2009. The first album, New Hymns for an Old War, was released on PFA Records in 2011.

## Style and influences

Andy Thomas of Westword noted that "Prayers for Atheists is waiting patiently for the torch to be passed from social heavyweights like Rage Against the Machine — perhaps only to drop it and then watch it all burn." Meanwhile, Alex Dunbar of Vice said: "What sets PFA apart from most rock-rap acts is that MC Jared Paul has some real flow mastery."

## Discography
### Albums

* New Hymns for an Old War (2011)

### EPs

* Prayers for Atheists (2009)
# Charles Norton

Charles Norton may refer to:
* Charles Norton (solicitor) (1896–1974), managing partner of Norton Rose Fulbright, Chairman of the Hurlingham Club, president of the Law Society and lord mayor of the City of Westminster
* Charles D. Norton (1871–1923), American banker and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury
* Charles Davis Norton (1820–1867), American lawyer and government official
* Charles Eliot Norton (1827–1908), American author, social critic, and professor of art
* Charles Hotchkiss Norton (1851–1942), American mechanical engineer and designer of machine tools
* Charles Phelps Norton (1858–1923), chancellor of the University at Buffalo
* Charles Francis Norton (1807–1835), member of parliament for Guildford
# Café Restaurant Residenz

48°11′8″N 16°18′49.5″E﻿ / ﻿48.18556°N 16.313750°E﻿ / 48.18556; 16.313750
Café Restaurant Residenz is a classical Viennese coffee house which is located in the eastern wing of Schloss Schönbrunn in the 13th Viennese district.

## History

During the emperor’s time, the rooms of the café were more of a “police kitchen”. The place was used to provide the guards of Schloss Schönbrunn with food. In 1948, the guards were granted permission to use the place as a restaurant; it was leased several times later on.
The café has been run by the Querfeld family since 1998. Its name, “Café Restaurant Residenz”, refers to emperor Franz Joseph I, who declared Schloss Schönbrunn his main residence. The name “Café Restaurant Residenz” was chosen in honor of Emperor Franz Joseph I, who declared Schönbrunn Palace to be his year-round residence in 1904.

## Details
### Strudel Show

The daily strudel show is held in the Schaubackstube (bakery) underneath the Café Residenz every full hour. After the 20-minute show, every participant receives the “Original Viennese Apple Strudel Recipe”.

### Apple Strudel Seminar

The apple strudel seminar is also organized in the bakehouse of Café Residenz. Under the guidance of an experienced pastry chef, each participant of the seminar creates his or her own apple strudel and receives a diploma including the original recipe as a reward.

### Trivia

Café Residenz can also be used for punch welcomes on the terrace, buffets, Christmas parties or dinners for up to 300 people. The piano is played in the Great Coffeehouse Saloon every Saturday and Sunday from 2 until 4 pm.
# Hannes Rossacher

Hannes Rossacher (born 16 October 1952, Steyr) is an Austrian film director and film producer.
Rossacher has worked with Rudi Dolezal since 1976 in their production company DoRo Productions. His contributions to the ORF youth program "Ohne Maulkorb" were among his first major assignments. With the bankruptcy of DoRo Productions in 2003, Dolezal and Rossacher have separated and went their own ways. In 2008, Rossacher, together with Dolezal, received a Romy award for the documentary series Weltberühmt in Österreich – 50 Jahre Austropop.
# Michael Walters (disambiguation)

Michael Walters (born 1991) is an Australian footballer
Michael Walters may also refer to:
* Michael P. Walters (born 1956), North Carolina politician
* Mike Walters (born 1957), Major League Baseball pitcher
* Michael Walters, Edmonton City Council councilman for Edmonton, Alberta
* Michael Walters, a character in the video game Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas
* Mick Walters, English footballer
# Peace café

Peace Cafés are peace-positive cafés in Canada that have declared an adherence to Manifesto 2000, in addition to fair trade, living wage, and local organic foods standards while also utilizing their space for community gatherings on social justice and peace issues. The designation is a registered trade mark of Canadian Centres for Teaching Peace (CCTP).

## Origin

In 2006, CCTP founder Robert "Bob" Stewart drafted a prospectus for creating community-based centres for public peace education, called "Peace Cafés." Initiatives began in Hamilton, Ontario, and Calgary, Alberta in 2007 to secure partnerships with existing cafés or to open completely new spaces. In December 2007, the Hamilton initiative secured a partnership with the downtown Sky Dragon Community Development Co-operative, with Robert Porter as local director. In 2008, Robert Porter extended the Peace Café family with a partnership in his rural hometown of Walkerton, Ontario, with the White Rose Coffeehouse.
As of March 2009 there are groups in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Nelson, British Columbia, Toronto, Ontario, and Calgary, Alberta working towards additional partnerships in their respective communities.

## Philosophy

Peace Cafés are described as "safe community spaces dedicated to developing a Culture of Peace at the community level through dialogue, conversation, workshops, and a library of peace resources along with wholesome food and drink options."
# Eireann Nugent

Eireann Cathlin Nugent (/ˈeɪrən ˈnuːdjənt/; born 1 April 1992) is a boxer from Northern Ireland. She participated in the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
# El Campillo, Valladolid

El Campillo is a village in Valladolid, Castile-Leon, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 32.84 square kilometres (12.68 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 231 people.
# El Camino Real (Todos Tus Muertos album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Rateyourmusic | |
| Allmusic | |
El Camino Real is the fifth studio album by Argentine band Todos Tus Muertos released in 1998. It is also Fidel Nadal's final full-length album with the band, preceding the announcement of the Todos Tus Muertos break-up in 2000. It was first TTM album distributed in Japan by Universal Music Group, and published by Polydor label.

## Background

It's considered the last chapter from Todos Tus Muertos first era. El Camino Real was recorded and produced at Panda Studios during largely 1997, by the band with Fernando Bocha Gutiérrez, the making of the album was an arduous process, largely because Fidel Nadal and Pablo Molina row began to convert to Rastafari during these sessions, and refused to perform punk rock music. Nadal was keenly aware of new styles and wanted to keep the current and experimental music like rap, hip hop, while Gamexane and Félix was seemingly more focused on the band's punk rock and reggae roots. As a result, there was friction, and the tension between the members would increase over the upcoming years.

## Personnel
### Todos Tus Muertos

* Fidel Nadal - Lead vocals.
* Pablo Molina - Vocals and Percussion.
* Horacio "Gamexane" Villafañe - Lead Guitar and Backing vocals, Second vocals on "Politicos".
* Félix Gutierrez - Bass guitar and Backing vocals.
* Pablo Pontezoni - Drums.

### Collaborators

* Willy Calegari - Keyboards.
* Sergio Rotman - Sax.
* Fermin Muguruza - Vocals on "Dignidad" and "Te vamos a quemar".
* Jason - Trumpet and Trombone on "Asesinos profesionales", "Besos de seda" and "Jah Lion".
* Martín "La Mosca" Lorenzo - Percussion on "El camino real", "Te vamos a quemar" and "La casa rosa".
* Sergio Arrastia - Percussion on "No te la vas a acabar".
* Lickle Roxie - Vocals on "No te la vas a acabar".
* Cristian Aldana - Guitar on "Políticos".

### Additional credit

* Richard Trollo - Engineer.
* Mario Altamirano - Engineer.
* Fito Keller - Photography.
* Fernando Bocha Gutiérrez - Executive Producer.
* TTM - Design.
# Eldorado Cinema (Oslo)

Eldorado Cinema was a multiplex (movie theater) located at Torggata 9 in Oslo sentrum. It had five theaters with 1000 seats, which broke down as 170, 140, 163, 168, and 370 seats in theaters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.

## History

In 1891 the half-acre plot at Torggata 9 was bought by a company, which constructed two buildings which were designed in the New Renaissance style by architect Harald Olsen. Along Torggata was a four-story building which contained business locations; inside was a courtyard with an area for shows and concerts with seats for 1600 people. In the summer of 1903, the inner building was leased to Fahlstrøms Theater. Architect Bull designed a fan-shaped baldachin in glass over the door along Torggata, together with a glass roof over the theater building. The theater was used for 8 seasons before it went into bankruptcy, and presented its last performance in August 1911. Two days later, a cinema opened in the same building. After a few years this was taken over by a Swedish company and renamed to Admiral Palads.
In 1928 the building was taken over by Oslo Kino. The name Eldorado came in September 1929; at the same time, a sound system was installed. Eldorado was the first cinema in Norway with a sound system, and the first film with sound was The Singing Fool, with Al Jolson in the main role.
Eldorado showed typical westerns and spy movies for many decades, and was one of the premiere theaters for James Bond films. Dr. No had its Norwegian premiere here on April 1, 1963.
Up until 1986, the cinema had one theater with 1195 seats, divided between the balcony and the main floor. The cinema was rebuilt into a multiplex with five theaters with a capacity of 1132 seats. All theaters were refurbished in 2000, and the capacity was reduced to 1000 seats, with the distance between the rows having been increased.
On 19 August 2012 the cinema closed and has subsequently re-opened as a book store, converting many of the cinemas into open space for bookshelves. It also sells stationery, has a classical music section and will soon have a coffee shop.
# Eldorado Gaming Scioto Downs

Eldorado Gaming Scioto Downs, formerly known as Scioto Downs Racino, is a horse racing track and casino in Columbus, Ohio, owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment. The venue opened in 1959, as the Scioto Downs track, and became Ohio's first racino with the addition of video lottery terminals (VLTs) on June 1, 2012. The track was annexed by Columbus from Hamilton Township in 2012. The casino is 117,000 square feet (10,900 m$^2$), with over 2,200 VLTs.

## Information

Eldorado Scioto Downs is open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. In addition to the VLT gaming facility, Scioto Downs includes a year-round horse racing simulcast room and live harness racing from May to September. In May 2013 Scioto Downs started a live outdoor summer music concert series with national acts, primarily in country, rock and blues genres.

## History

MTR Gaming Group purchased Scioto Downs in 2003 for $19 million. MTR merged in 2014 with Eldorado Resorts, which then changed its name to Caesars Entertainment in 2020.
Scioto Downs has a long history within the Columbus, Ohio community. In addition to horse racing, Scioto Downs also hosted the annual Ohio High School Athletic Association state cross country running championships, which were generally held in late October or early November, from 1985 to 2010. The meet included Division I, II, and III races for both girls and boys, featuring 950 competitors from 96 teams, and attracted around 10,000 spectators. With the introduction of VLT machines to Scioto Downs (a move shared by other Ohio racetracks) the OHSAA, which is opposed to live gambling, announced that from the 2011 meet the OHSAA championships would move from Scioto to the National Trail Raceway.
In March 2020, Scioto Downs, along with all of Ohio casinos, were shut down due to state mandated COVID-19 restrictions. One year later, Scioto Downs had record breaking revenues in March 2021 after all restrictions were lifted.

## Gallery

* Aerial view
* VLT games
* VLT games
* Live race at Scioto Downs
# Elena (song)

"Elena" is the debut single by the West Coast rock group, Marc Tanner Band. It was a Hot 100 hit for them in 1979.

## Background

The song was written by Marc Tanner, Nat Jeffrey, and Jeff Monday. Nat Jeffrey also produced the single. It was released on the Elektra label, cat# E-46003 in January 1979. Two of the features in the song described by Billboard were the wailing sax solo and the sassy vocals. The single was taken from the group's No Escape album, released on Elektra 6E-168.

## Chart performance

As reported for the week ending April 7, 1979, "Elena" moved up to No. 45 on the Billboard Hot 100. It spent six weeks on the chart.