OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chinese Handcuffs

Chinese Handcuffs is a 1989 young adult novel by young adult writer Chris Crutcher. The story alternates between the two main characters, Dillon and Jennifer, both high school athletes dealing with personal issues. The majority of Dillon’s story is told via a journal he keeps, writing about the death of his older brother.

## Plot

Dillon is struggling over the suicide of his younger brother Preston. He begins to run marathons to help cope with this loss. He remains friends with his brother's girlfriend, Stacy, and befriends Jennifer, the star of the high school's basketball team.
It is later revealed that the reason behind Preston's suicide is because he raped a young girl at a bar, and because he discovered Stacy was pregnant with his child. Dillon was witness to his suicide, and feels very responsible for his death.
It is also revealed that Jennifer has been sexually abused by her biological father and her step dad. She is afraid to tell that her step dad is abusing her because of threats he has made about the family dog and her sister. She eventually tells Dillon, who promises he will not tell anyone. She later tries to commit suicide because she can no longer stay in the family, and Dillon saves her and gets help for her. Dillon is able to get photographic evidence of the abuse, and uses this to force Jennifer's step dad to leave the state.
Because Dillon helped save Jennifer, he is able to move on from Preston's death.

### Symbols

One of the biggest reoccurring event is "Stacy's Chinese Handcuffs." As children, Stacy explains to Dillon that Chinese Handcuffs will not release his fingers if he tries to pull away, but will only let him go if he pushes his fingers further into the trap. She tells him that this is supposedly a metaphor for life. It becomes apparent as the book goes on that because Dillon is continuing writing to Preston, that he and Preston are trapped together in Chinese Handcuffs. In his last letter to Preston, Dillon states that he is pushing his fingers into the trap to let himself go. This also ties into the main theme of the book.

## Awards

* ALA Best Book for Young Adults
* ALA Best of the Best Books for Young Adults
* 1991 South Dakota YARP Best Books List
# Gettysburg, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area

The Gettysburg, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area is a small urban area of southern Pennsylvania. Adams County makes up the entire statistical area. The population is 101,407 as of the 2010 census. The statistical area ranks 42nd in the U.S., and fourth-largest among Pennsylvania's micropolitan areas behind East Stroudsburg, Chambersburg, and Pottsville.

## Cities

* None

## Towns

Major Boroughs and CDPs
* Gettysburg Borough Pop. 7,620
* Littlestown Borough Pop. 4,434
* Carroll Valley Borough Pop. 3,876
* McSherrystown Borough Pop. 3,038
* Lake Meade CDP Pop. 2,563
* Midway CDP Pop. 2,125
* Bonneauville Borough Pop. 1,800
* New Oxford Borough Pop. 1,783
* East Berlin Borough Pop. 1,521
* Lake Heritage CDP Pop. 1,333
* Biglerville Borough Pop. 1,200
* Abbottstown Borough Pop. 1,011
# Iver Lawson (cyclist)

Iver Georg Lawson (July 1, 1879 – November 9, 1960) was an American professional track cyclist. He won the sprint event at the 1904 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

## Biography

Iver Lawson was born on July 1, 1879, in Norrköping, Sweden to Lars Gustaf Larsson and Emma Sofia Sundberg. He had two brothers, Gus Lawson and John Lawson.
In 1901 Lawson won the ten-mile championship in Buffalo, New York. In 1902 he lost to Frank Louis Kramer.
In 1905 Lawson also won the National Cycle Association's quarter-mile championship race at Vailsburg in Newark, New Jersey.
In an incident, which occurred in February 1904 at an event in Australia, Major Taylor (an African American cyclist) was seriously injured on the final turn of a race when fellow competitor Lawson deliberately veered his bicycle toward Taylor and collided with his front wheel. Taylor crashed and lay unconscious on the track before he was taken to a local hospital and later made a full recovery. Lawson was suspended from racing anywhere in the world for a year as a result of his actions.
Lawson died on November 9, 1960, in Provo, Utah, after falling from a window.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Hurst, Robert (October 2006). The Art of Cycling: A Guide to Bicycling in 21st-Century America. ISBN 9780762751976.
* ↑ "Iver Lawson to Race In Paris". San Francisco Call. March 16, 1902.
* ↑ "Iver Lawson's Big Victory. Salt Lake Bicycle Rider Wins the Ten-mile Championship at Buffalo Today, in Competition With Taylor and Kramer". The Deseret News. August 16, 1901. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
* ↑ "Cycling at New York". Los Angeles Herald. July 5, 1902. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
* ↑ "Iver Lawson Is Cycle Champion". San Francisco Call. August 20, 1905. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
# Chitambo District

Chitambo District is a district of Central Province, Zambia. It was separated from Serenje District in 2012 and is located some 357km north-east of Kabwe along the Great North Road. As of the 2022 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 100,603 people.
It shares borders with Serenje, Samfya (Luapula Province), Lavushimanda (Muchinga Province) and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The Livingstone Memorial is located within this district.

## Agriculture and Agro-processing

Chitambo District has a very good rainfall distribution throughout the rainy season, favoring agriculture production. In addition, the district soil profile supports crop agriculture, especially leguminous crops such as beans, soya beans and pigeon peas. Other crops that have high potential and are grown in the district include; finger millet, sweet potatoes, groundnuts, sunflower, pumpkins, watermelons, pineapples, and other vegetable crops grown off-season. The district claims to have over 15,000 small-scale farmers. With the high number of small scale farmers and a wide variety of crops produced in the District, opportunities exist for investment in agro-processing and packaging of the crops produced. The many small scale farmers could easily form out-grower schemes to support a sustained supply of the required input for processing to eastern markets via Tanzania, western markets via DR Congo and locally.
# Chinese pavilion

A Chinese pavilion (Chinese 亭, pinyin tíng) is a garden pavilion in traditional Chinese architecture. While often found within temples, pavilions are not exclusively religious structures. Many Chinese parks and gardens feature pavilions to provide shade and a place to rest.

## History

Pavilions are known to have been built as early as the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE), although no examples of that period remain today. The first use of the Chinese character for pavilion dates to the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BCE) and the Warring States period (403–221 BCE). During the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE) they were used as watchtowers and local government buildings. These multi-story constructions had at least one floor without surrounding walls to allow observation of the surroundings.
During the Sui (581–618) and Tang (618–907) dynasties wealthy officials and scholars incorporated pavilions into their personal gardens. During this period the function of pavilions shifted from the practical to the aesthetic. Pavilions provided a place to sit and enjoy the scenery, and they also became a part of the scenery itself, being attractive structures. Brush-and-ink landscape scrolls of the Song dynasty (960–1279) show the isolated pavilions of scholar hermits in mountainous regions. Under the impetus of scholarly tastes for the simplicity of a rustic life, while previously pavilions were constructed from stone, other materials such as bamboo, grass and wood came into use.

## Types of Chinese Pavilion

Pavilions are often classified according to their shape when viewed from above. Round, square, hexagonal and octagonal pavilions are common, while more unusual designs also exist such as the Nanhai Pavilion located at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, which consists of two round pavilions joined together.

## Origin of the name

While the name is commonly believed to be related to its purpose as a place to stay and rest (Chinese 停留休息, pinyin tínglíuxīuxi), the fact that the earliest pavilions were used for military and governmental purposes casts doubt on this interpretation.
# Ghesquierellana

Ghesquierellana is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

## Species

* Ghesquierellana hirtusalis (Walker, 1859)
* Ghesquierellana johnstoni (Tams, 1941)
* Ghesquierellana phialusalis (Walker, 1859)
* Ghesquierellana tessellalis (Gaede, 1917)
* Ghesquierellana thaumasia Munroe, 1959
# Diuris carecta

Diuris carecta, commonly known as sedge-loving donkey orchid, is a species of orchid that is endemic to the west of Western Australia. It has two or three linear leaves and a tall flowering stem with up to six yellow and brown flowers with strongly curved lateral sepals.

## Description

Diuris carecta is a tuberous, perennial herb, usually growing to a height of 250–450 mm (9.8–17.7 in) with two or three linear leaves 150–250 mm (5.9–9.8 in) long and 6–14 mm (0.24–0.55 in) wide. There are up to six yellow and brown or reddish-brown flowers, 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) wide on pedicels 20–40 mm (0.79–1.57 in) long. The flowers have erect, ear-like petals 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) long, a dorsal sepal 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) long and 10–16 mm (0.39–0.63 in) wide, and lateral sepals 13–18 mm (0.51–0.71 in) long that are strongly curved backwards and often crossed. The labellum has three lobes, the lateral ones egg-shaped, 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide, and the middle lobe convex with a single yellow callus. Flowering occurs from late August to early October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Diuris carecta was first formally described in 2016 by David Jones and Christopher French in Australian Orchid Review from specimens French collected near Binnu in 2004. The specific epithet (carecta) means "a sedgy place ", referring to the habitat preference of the species.

## Distribution and habitat

Sedge-loving donkey orchid grows in moist shrubland and woodland among sedges between the rabbit-proof fence near the Murchison River, the East Yuna Nature Reserve and Binnu, in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains and Yalgoo bioregions of western Western Australia.

## Conservation

Diuris carecta is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Dog Walk, Illinois

Dog Walk is an unincorporated community in Williamson County, in the U.S. state of Illinois.
According to tradition, the community was so named on account of local dogs forming paths leading to the community.
# Masseot Abaquesne

Masseot Abaquesne (c. 1500-1564) was a manufacturer of Rouen faience, in France between 1535 and 1557. He was the maker of the remarkable paving in the Chateau de Ecouen, which has been attributed both to Luca della Robbia and Bernard Palissy. He also made a large number of pharmacy jars.
# Dominic Blakemore

Dominic William Blakemore (born 14 June 1969), is a British businessman, the chief executive (CEO) of Compass Group. Originally due to take up the post on 1 April 2018, the appointment was brought forward following the death of the CEO Richard Cousins in a plane crash in Australia on 31 December 2017.
Yahoo News listed his annual compensation as totalling £4.7 million in 2019.
In 2019 he succeeded outgoing Chair of the Audit Committee, Paul Heiden and joined London Stock Exchange Group Board.
He trained at PricewaterhouseCoopers, then worked for Cadbury's from 2004 to 2006, then Iglo Foods (now known as Nomad Foods), rising to chief financial officer.
Blakemore joined Compass Group in April 2012 as finance director. He was appointed chief operating officer on 1 December 2015 and stepped down as finance director the same day. On 1 October 2017 he was appointed deputy CEO.
Blakemore was a non-executive director of Shire plc between January 2014 and April 2018 and a member of the academic council of University College London (a university he graduated from in 1991). He was appointed a director of London Stock Exchange Group in January 2020.
He attended Queen Mary's Grammar School and holds an undergraduate degree from University College London and is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. He is a member of the Council of University College London.
Blakemore is married and has two sons.
# Domingo Dominguín

Domingo González Mateos, better known as Domingo Dominguín (4 August 1895 – 21 August 1958), was a Spanish bullfighter and progenitor of a dynasty of bullfighters.

## Career

He was born in Quismondo in the province of Toledo into a peasant family. He left agriculture to take part in rural bullfights (capeas) until he took his alternativa on 26 September 1917 in Madrid with Joselito (José Gómez Ortega) for sponsor, facing a bull from the Contreras line.
Until 1922 he performed at an honourable level but then suffered a rapid decline and retired from the bullring. He became an apoderado and an outstanding manager of bullfighters, including his youngest son Luis Miguel Dominguín and his future son-in-law Antonio Ordóñez.

## Family

Dominguín married Gracia Lucas Lorente, with whom he had five children: Domingo, José, Gracia, Luis Miguel and Carmen. All three sons were well-known bullfighters, as Domingo González Lucas (also known as Dominguín), José González Lucas (also known as Pepe Dominguín) and Luis Miguel Dominguín, the best-known of them, whose son is the singer Miguel Bosé. Dominguín's elder daughter Gracia had a daughter herself who married the bullfighter Ángel Teruel, while his younger daughter Carmen married the bullfighter Antonio Ordóñez; their daughter, the socialite Carmen Ordóñez, married as his first wife the bullfighter Francisco Rivera Pérez, known as Paquirri.
# Getter Robo Devolution

Getter Robo Devolution: The Last 3 Minutes of the Universe (Japanese: ゲッターロボ DEVOLUTION ~宇宙最後の３分間~, Hepburn: Gettā Robo Devolution - Uchuu Saigo no 3-bunkan) is a manga written by Eiichi Shimizu and illustrated by Tomohiro Shimoguchi. It is a re-imagining of the 1974 manga, created by Go Nagai and Ken Ishikawa

## Synopsis

A group of spatial distorting aliens, called the Devolved, start attacking the planet. Three teenagers, Ryoma Nagare, Hayato Jin, and Musashi Tomoe are brought together by Dr. Saotome for their connection to the mysterious Getter Rays. The three of them together need to pilot the most powerful weapon, the Getter Robo, in order to defeat the Devolved.

## Publication

Written by Eiichi Shimizu and illustrated by Tomohiro Shimoguchi, Getter Robo Devolution: The Last 3 Minutes of the Universe was serialized in Akita Shoten's Bessatsu Shōnen Champion magazine from December 12, 2015 to June 12, 2019. The series is a re-imagining of the original Getter Robo manga series by Go Nagai and Ken Ishikawa.
| No. | Original release date | Original ISBN | English release date | English ISBN |
| 1 | July 8, 2016 | 978-4-253-13141-4 | June 26, 2018 | 978-1-626926-18-9 |
| 2 | January 6, 2017 | 978-4-253-13142-1 | September 18, 2018 | 978-1-626926-97-4 |
| 3 | October 6, 2017 | 978-4-253-13143-8 | April 16, 2019 | 978-1-642750-09-6 |
| 4 | October 5, 2018 | 978-4-253-13144-5 | October 29, 2019 | 978-1-642756-97-5 |
| 5 | October 8, 2019 | 978-4-253-13145-2 | October 20, 2020 | 978-1-64505-475-7 |
# Dolno Botevo

Dolno Botevo is a village in Stambolovo Municipality, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.
# Ghuznee Medal

The Ghuznee Medal is a British campaign medal awarded for participation in the storming of the fortress of Ghuznee in Afghanistan, on 21 to 23 July 1839 by troops of the British and Indian Armies. This action, the Battle of Ghazni, took place during the First Anglo-Afghan War.
This was the second medal awarded to all ranks of the British Army for a specific campaign, the Waterloo Medal being the first. It was struck in 1839 on the orders of Shuja Shah Durrani, the Shah of Afghanistan, to show his appreciation to the British forces who had helped restore him to his throne by storming the fortress. As the Shah died before the medals could be distributed, it was finally bestowed by the Governor-General of India in the name of the Government of India.

## Description

The medal was based on a design by John Luard, a British army officer and artist, and struck at the Calcutta Mint. It is silver and 37 millimetres (1.5 in) in diameter, with the following design:
The obverse depicts the fortress of Ghuznee with the word ‘GHUZNEE’ below. The reverse has a mural crown surrounded by a laurel wreath and the date ’23d JULY 1839’. The suspender is straight with a ring passing through a smaller loop soldered to the top of the medal. The ribbon has two equal stripes of crimson and dark green. Originally the ribbon was to have been half green and half yellow. The medal was issued unnamed, but many were later privately engraved or impressed in varying styles on the reverse or rim.
Two separate dies exist for this medal with one having a wider border around the edge than the other. The second also has a narrower and taller fortress.

## Medals of the Anglo-Afghan War

Four separate campaign medals were awarded to British led forces who served in the Afghan War of 1839 to 1842:
* Ghuznee Medal. Storming of Ghuznee fortress, 21–23 July 1839.
* Jellalabad Medal. Defence of Jalalabad, 12 November 1841–7 April 1842.
* Medal for the Defence of Kelat-I-Ghilzie. Defence of Kelat-I-Ghilzie, January–26 May 1842.
* Candahar, Ghuznee, Cabul Medal. Major operations of 1842, the final year of the war.
# Domestication islands

Domestication islands refers to regions within DNA that do not change despite gene flow between wild and domesticated species.

## Speciation islands

In 2005, a study of genomic DNA within species of mosquitoes found that there were "speciation islands" of genes that remain differentiated despite considerable gene flow, and are therefore expected to contain the genes responsible for reproductive isolation between species. In the following years, there was criticism of this proposal and that there might be other explanations, including nucleotide diversity within species or reduced diversity. This debate continues.

## Domestication islands

In 2007, a study of the genomic DNA differences of wild compared to domesticated species of beans found that there was a large fraction of the genome of the common bean that appears to have been subjected to the effects of selection during domestication. Domestication appears to have affected not only the target genes, but also a large portion of the genome around these genes. These "domestication islands" have probably experienced a higher level of isolation between the wild and the domesticated forms in comparison with the rest of the genome, probably because of linkage to the loci selected during domestication.
In 2015, a study looked at the genome sequences of pigs, and found that the assumption of reproductive isolation and strong domestication bottlenecks were incompatible with the data. The domestication process is believed to have begun through human intervention, involving a small number of individuals and relying on reproductive isolation between wild and domesticated forms. Although there has been genetic exchange between domestic and wild pigs, the genomes of domestic pigs show significant signs of selection at genetic loci influencing behavior and physical characteristics. The conclusion was that recurrent selection for domestic traits likely counteracted the homogenizing effect of gene flow from wild boars and created "islands of domestication" in the genome.
# Don Shipley

Don or Donald Shipley may refer to:
* Don Shipley (stage director), Canadian stage director
* Don Shipley (Navy SEAL), Virginia, SEAL trainer for civilians
# Don Williams (poker player)

Don Williams (May 2, 1942 – April 10, 2013) was an American poker player.

## Biography

Williams has won three bracelets at the World Series of Poker (WSOP), and has cashed in many other WSOP events including the Main Event.
He won his first bracelet in 1982 in the $1,000 Seven Card Stud event. In 1985, he won his second bracelet in the same event. Williams won his third bracelet in a Razz event in 1988. He has made final tables in various events at the WSOP and has also finished runner-up in World Series events five times.
Williams has also cashed in the WSOP Main Event several times. His highest finish in the Main Event occurred in 1991 when he made the final table and ended up with a fourth place showing. He won a prize of $115,000 for this final table finish.
As of 2010, his total live tournament winnings exceeded $1,700,000. His 21 cashes at the WSOP account for $799,828 of those winnings.
Williams died on April 10, 2013, at the age of 70.

## World Series of Poker bracelets

| Year | Tournament | Prize (US$) |
| 1982 | $1,000 Seven-Card Stud | $56,000 |
| 1985 | $1,000 Seven-Card Stud | $85,500 |
| 1988 | $1,000 Razz | $76,800 |
# Dome RC82

The Dome RC82 was a Group C sports racing car built by Dome in 1982 for the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Initially fitted with a 3.3-litre Cosworth DFL V8 engine, the car finished its life fitted with an 8-litre Chevrolet V8 engine. March Engineering built the chassis, and one car was built. The car would prove to be unsuccessful, as it never finished a race, and was replaced by the marginally more successful Dome RC83 the following year.

## Racing history
### Works career (1982–1983)

In 1982, Dome built the RC82 as their first effort in the new Group C category of sports car racing. The chassis was built by March Engineering, whilst the engine was a 3.3-litre Cosworth DFL V8 engine. Dome, with sponsorship from Amada, debuted the car at the 1982 6 Hours of Silverstone, and selected Chris Craft, Raul Boesel and Eliseo Salazar to drive it. It would not prove to be a successful debut, as the car succumbed to fuel pressure issues after 116 laps. Dome then entered Craft and Salazar at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, but the suspension mounting failed after 85 laps, and the team were forced to retire. The RC82 was not used again until the 1983 24 Hours of Le Mans; Nick Mason joined the team, but the car lasted 75 laps before succumbing to clutch failure. Following the race, the RC83 made its debut in the 1000 km of Fuji, with the factory phasing out the RC82.

### Private teams (1984–1988)

Dome then sold the car to Dorset Racing, and the car returned to action in the 1984 1000 km of Silverstone, where Richard Jones, Mark Galvin and John Williams were selected to drive it; this time, a valve in the Cosworth DFL engine broke after 46 laps, and the team retired. Nick Faure replaced Williams for the 24 Hours of Le Mans, but the RC82's woeful reliability record continued, as the oil pressure dropped in the engine, forcing the team out after 156 laps. Dorset Racing attempted to run Martin Birrane and Tony Birchenhough at both the 1985 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 1985 1000 km of Hockenheim, but did not attend either race. The team made one final attempt to run the RC82 at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1986, but again failed to make the race.
Mark Hales then bought the car, fitted it with a Chevrolet V8 engine, and attempted to run it twice in the Thundersports series 1987, at the Oulton Park and Donington Park rounds, but this never happened. In 1988, the RC82 was used in a race weekend for the first time in four years, as Hales entered himself and Bill Hall in the car at the Oulton Park round of the Thundersports series, under the Direct Car Phones banner; the 8-litre Chevrolet V8 engine failed, and prevented the team from starting the race. The car's last ever entry came at the Brands Hatch round of the Thundersports series, but the team did not attend the event, and the RC82's career ended with it never having finished a race.