OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Push–pull perfusion

Push–pull perfusion is an in vivo sampling method most commonly used for measuring neurotransmitters in the brain. Developed by J.H. Gaddum in 1960, this technique replaced the cortical cup technique for observing neurotransmitters.
In order to analyze concentrations of analytes such as neurotransmitters, a probe consisting of two concentric tubes is implanted in the region of interest. A pump then pushes a neutral fluid such as saline or Ringer's solution through one of the tubes, while another pump extracts the fluid through the other tube. While outside the tubes, the perfusion fluid picks up physiological substances such as neurotransmitters that are present in the area. The concentration of analytes of interest can then be measured in the expelled fluid, indicating in which concentration they are present at the site of interest at any given time.
The advent of concentric microdialysis probes in the 1980s resulted in push-pull sampling falling out of favor, as such probes require less monitoring, and are less invasive than the higher flow rate push-pull probes (>10 microliter/min), which could result in lesions if flow is unbalanced.
With the advent of microfluidics and miniaturized probes, low-flow push–pull sampling was developed in 2002. By using flow rates of ~50 nL/min, this technique minimizes tissue damage while providing finer spatial resolution than microdialysis sampling.
# Co-modality

Co-modality is a notion introduced by the European Commission in 2006 in the field of the transport policy to define an approach of the globality of the transport modes and of their combinations.

## Description

For the European Commission co-modality refers to a "use of different modes on their own and in combination" in the aim to obtain "an optimal and sustainable utilisation of resources".
This notion introduces a new approach to the European transport policy in which one do not seek, like in the 2001 white paper, to oppose transport modes one to another, i.e. opposing roads to its alternatives, but rather to find an optimum exploiting the domains of relevance of the various transport modes and of their combinations.

## Controversy

The transition from the support of intermodality and multimodality as exposed in the 2001 white paper to the notion of co-modality has been seen by many observers of the sector of transport as the sign of the abandonment of a policy oriented towards the development of the alternatives to the road mode.
# Pat Courtney Gold

Pat Courtney Gold (January 22, 1939 – July 11, 2022) was a Wasco Native fiber artist and basket weaver from the Columbia River area of Oregon. She graduated with a BA in mathematics and physics from Whitman College and worked as a mathematician-computer specialist before beginning her career in basket weaving. Gold harvested traditional plant fibers to use in her work, including dogbane, cattail, sedge grass, red cedar bark and tree roots. Her pieces often reflected the natural world along the Columbia River, mixing traditional motifs such as condors and sturgeon with contemporary elements like airplanes. Gold also became an environmental and cultural educator, helping to spread knowledge of her ancestral heritage and basketry skills.
Gold's art is exhibited in museums around the world, including the High Desert Museum, Royal British Columbia Museum, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University and Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian.
She was featured in a 2007 episode of the PBS series Craft in America.

## Personal life

Gold was born and raised on the Warm Springs Reservation in central Oregon. Her mother was an accomplished beadworker, and they would visit local art museums where their ancestors' baskets were on display. She graduated from Madras High School in 1957.
As a child, Gold did not see anyone around her using traditional weaving techniques and had no idea that would one day become her career. Gold worked as a mathematician for nearly 17 years before she decided to change course and focus on reviving the culture and art of her people. She married a Portland State University mathematics professor, Phillip Gold. The couple lived in Scappoose, Oregon.
In 1991, through the Oregon Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program, Gold began to study the making of "sally bags," flexible cylindrical baskets created by Wasco-Wishram people for gathering roots and medicines, as well as nuts, seeds and mushrooms. Gold diagrammed historical basket designs and learned about the stories they told, encompassing the symbolism of fishing nets, petroglyphs and other ancestral scenes. She learned the full turn twining technique used to weave the bags and has since become one of the foremost experts and teachers keeping this style alive. Gold was a co-founder in 1995 of the Northwest Native American Basketweavers Association.

## Published works

* Gold, Pat Courtney (Winter 2007). "The Long Narrows: The Forgotten Geographic and Cultural Wonder". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 108 (4): 596–605. JSTOR 20615799.

## Awards and honors

Gold received an Oregon Governor's Arts Award in 2001. She earned a Community Spirit Award in 2003 and Cultural Capital Fellowship in 2004 from the First People's Fund. She was a recipient of a 2007 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.
# Sebree Peak

Sebree Peak is a mountain in the eastern part of Mitkof Island, one of the islands in the Alexander Archipelago in Alaska. It is named for United States Navy officer and Governor of American Samoa Uriel Sebree. Sebree Island is named for the same officer.
# Saptur

Saptur is a village in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## History

Saptur, traditionally recognised as one of the 72 palaiyams of Madura, was situated about 15 km from T.Kallupatti. It was part of Tirunelveli and was transferred in 1859 to Madura District (present day Madurai district).
Saptur is derived from two Telugu words, sapa (mat) and oota (spring).

## Geography

Saptur is located on the foothills of the Western Ghats and is in Peraiyur taluk.

## Demographics

At the 2011 Census of India, Saptur was the largest village in Madurai district by area, being 20,901 ha (51,650 acres). It then had a population of 7170.
# FIVB Volleyball World Cup results

FIVB Volleyball World Cup results may refer to:
* FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup
* FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup
# Northern Football League (disambiguation)

The Northern Football League is an association football league in England.
Northern Football League may also refer to:
* Northern Football League (Scotland) – defunct association football league in Scotland
* Northern Football League (Australia) – an Australian rules football league
* Northern League (Italy) – defunct association football league in Italy
# Dictyostelium class I RNA

The class I RNA is a non-coding RNA. This family was identified in Shotgun sequencing approach of full-length cDNA libraries from small RNAs from Dictyostelium discoideum. The function of this RNA is unknown, but it bears some resemblance to riboswitches found primarily in bacteria. These RNAs are 42–65 nucleotides (nt) long and they share 5' and 3' sequence elements of 16 and 8 nt respectively. These elements can partially base-pair forming a short hairpin.
There are multiple copies of class I RNA in the D. discoideum genome and the RNA is highly expressed i.e. 14 unique sequences were identified in the small RNA library and it comprised ~12% of all RNA in the small RNA library. Homologs to class I RNA have only been located in D. discoideum to date. Some of the members of this family were also identified in a bioinformatic screen. This family has also been the subject of reviews.
# Evan J. Crane

Evan Jay Crane (February 14, 1889 – December 30, 1966) was an American chemist and the editor of Chemical Abstracts 1915–1958.
He graduated from Ohio State University in 1911, and received an Honorary D.Sc. there in 1938.
In 1951 he was awarded the Priestley Medal, the highest honour of the American Chemical Society, and in 1953 the Austin M. Patterson Award.
In 1958, at the 134th national meeting of the American Chemical Society, Crane was presented with a commemorative scroll from the ACS Division of Chemical Literature, worded as follows:
   For Outstanding Contributions to Chemical Literature:
       1: His superlative long-time editing of the world's outstanding abstracts journal, Chemical Abstracts;
       2: His senior authorship of the classic book, A Guide to the Literature of Chemistry;
       3: His many contributions to the development of chemical nomenclature;
       4: His pioneering contributions during formation of the Division of Chemical Literature, culminating in his service as the Division's first elected Chairman.

## Publications

* A Guide to the Literature of Chemistry, by E. J. Crane and Austin M. Patterson (Wiley, 1927) (2nd edition: 1957, with Eleanor B. Marr)
# Clotworthy Skeffington

Clotworthy Skeffington may refer to:
* Clotworthy Skeffington, 3rd Viscount Massereene (1661–1714), Anglo-Irish soldier, politician and peer
* Clotworthy Skeffington, 4th Viscount Massereene (died 1738), Anglo-Irish politician and peer
* Clotworthy Skeffington, 1st Earl of Massereene (1715–1757), Anglo-Irish peer
* Clotworthy Skeffington, 2nd Earl of Massereene (1742–1805), Anglo-Irish peer
* Clotworthy Skeffington, 11th Viscount Massereene (1842–1905), Anglo-Irish peer
# Ctenocheilocaris

Ctenocheilocaris is a genus of marine crustacean. It is part of the family Derocheilocarididae and contains five species:
* Ctenocheilocaris armata
* Ctenocheilocaris claudiae
* Ctenocheilocaris enochra
* Ctenocheilocaris galvarini
* Ctenocheilocaris minor
# Head of the Hawk

Head of the Hawk is the second studio album by the Australian rock band Bluejuice, released through Dew Process on 18 September 2009. The album was recorded with producer Chris Shaw in Sydney's Big Jesus Burger studios in 2009.

## Reception

Rolling Stone Australia gave the album three and a half stars out of five. Time Out Sydney rated the album four out of five stars.

## Track listing

* "Head of the Hawk" — 2:44
* "Miss Johnston" — 3:16
* "Broken Leg" — 3:12
* "Little Emperor" — 3:08
* "(Ain't) Telling the Truth" — 2:43
* "Facelift" — 2:08
* "Medication" — 2:48
* "Knife Fight" — 2:25
* "Work" — 2:47
* "The Devil" — 2:04
* "We Can Get Around It" — 2:50

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 37 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Head of the Hawk" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Catalogue |
| Australia | September 2009 | CD digital download | Dew Process | DEW9000193 |
# Sebree Island

Sebree Island is an island in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay in Alaska. It is named for United States Navy officer and Governor of American Samoa Rear Admiral Uriel Sebree. Island also known as Headland Island as it was called by Cushing in 1891 (p. 228). Sebree Peak is named for the same officer.
# Sapthaswaragal

Sapthaswarangal is a 1974 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Baby and produced by M. S. Narayanan. The film stars Srividya, Raghavan, Adoor Bhasi and Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair. The film had musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.

## Cast

* Raghavan as Ajayan
* Srividya as Saraswathi
* Sujatha
* Adoor Bhasi
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair
* Jose Prakash
* Sankaradi
* T. R. Omana
* Paul Vengola
* Rani Chandra
* Kaduvakulam Antony
* Kunchan

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy and the lyrics were written by Sreekumaran Thampi.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Anuraaga Narthanathin" | S. Janaki | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 2 | "Naadaswaram" (Instrumental) | Namagirippettai Krishnan | |
| 3 | "Raagavum Thaalavum" | K. J. Yesudas | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 4 | "Sapthaswarangal Vidarum" | K. P. Brahmanandan | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 5 | "Sringaara Bhaavanayo" | P. Jayachandran | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 6 | "Swaathithirunaalin" | P. Jayachandran | Sreekumaran Thampi |
# Cesano Maderno railway station

Cesano Maderno is a railway station in Italy. Located at the crossing of the Milan–Asso and Saronno–Seregno railways, it serves the town of Cesano Maderno.

## Services

Cesano Maderno is located on two levels: Milan suburban railway network lines S2 and S4 use the lower level, as do regional trains between Asso and Milan, while line S9 stops on the upper level. All services are operated by the Lombard railway company Trenord.
# Evans Music-and-Supper Rooms

Evans Music-and-Supper Rooms was an entertainment venue for music and singing in the early nineteenth century, located at 43 King Street, Covent Garden, London. The venue provided the type of entertainment which later evolved into music hall. What would later be known as the Evans Music and Supper Rooms was initially known as the Thomas Archer House. The house was built by Thomas Archer in 1712 for Admiral Edward Russell, the fourth Earl of Bedford's grandson. The House would later be sold to a man named Joy and turned into The Grand Hotel. Formerly the dining room of the Grand Hotel, a 'song and supper' room was established in the 1840s by W. H. Evans. It was also known as Evans Late Joy's, the venue previously being owned by a man named Joy. In 1842 the rooms were taken over by John Paddy Green, who had been one of Evans's entertainers. Green reconstructed the rooms and maintained their popular reputation. The room was 113 feet (34.4 m) long by 56 feet (17.1 m) wide.
Evans' existed as the most popular song and supper room in the West End for some time during the late 1800s Entertainment was provided by choir boys singing madrigals and glees, followed by older comic singers such as Sam Cowell, Charles Sloman and Sam Collins. The patrons would eat, drink and talk at tables provided and participate in singalongs, sometimes of a "lewd" nature. A repeat performer there in the late 1870s was the comedian Arthur Roberts, who was known for his risqué act. In 1879, his performance of one of his "saucy" songs caused Evans's to lose its license for a year. The venue was patronised by William Makepeace Thackeray, who presented it (in a composite portrait with the Coal Hole and the Cyder Cellars, two nearby song-and-supper rooms) as "The Cave of Harmony" in his novel The Newcomes and as "The Back Kitchen" in Pendennis.
Unlike the later music halls the patrons were male only, until the 1860s, when women were at last admitted. John Paddy Green said in an interview that women were not allowed in because they were uneducated.
The venue closed in 1880, and in 1930 the upstairs rooms in the building were occupied by the Players' Theatre Club who wished to revive the music hall tradition. The cast became known as the "Late Joys" and have since provided old time music hall entertainment at a variety of other venues.
# Dictyostelium purpureum

Dictyostelium purpureum is a species of Dictyostelium.
Dictyostelium purpureum is a distinct species from D. discoideum, although it belongs in the same phenotypic grouping. Like D. discoideum, it exhibits a robust multicellular life cycle, and shares some of the early signaling molecules with D. discoideum. Both species spend vegetative growth preying on bacteria in the soil, and when starved, aggregate to enter multicellular development that culminates into a fruiting body with resistant viable spores (D. purpureum is so named for its strikingly purple spores), and supporting stalk structures.

## Altruism

Wild strains of D. purpureum were taken from the Houston Arboretum to a lab where they were cultured in dishes. In each of 14 experiments, a pair of strains were placed in a dish in equal proportion, and one of the strains in each pair was labeled with a fluorescent dye. Food was withheld, causing the microbes in each dish to form dozens of slugs and fruiting bodies. Upon observing their social development, the team found that individual fruiting bodies contained predominantly one strain or the other. This shows that an individual D. purpureum isn't going to offer itself to form a stalk unless it's sure that the rest of the aggregate, benefit from its sacrifice or a close relative. This demonstrated that molecular recognition of "self" and "close to self" (the basis of a modern immune system) happens even in primitive organisms.
# PTPRD

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRD gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of three Ig-like and eight fibronectin type III-like domains. Studies of the similar genes in chick and fly suggest the role of this PTP is in promoting neurite growth, and regulating neurons axon guidance. Multiple tissue specific alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported.

## Ligand binding

PTPRD is the orexigenic receptor of asprosin, a hormone that is produced by the C-terminal cleavage of profibrillin from the FBN1 gene. In mice, asprosin acts on an olfactory receptor, Olfr734 in the liver to regulate its gluconeogenic effects. However, PTPRD has been identified as the neural receptor for asprosin. Genetic ablation of PTPRD results in extreme leanness and loss of appetite. More specifically, resistance to diet-induced obesity can occur through the loss of PTPRD in AgRP neurons. When asprosin binds to PTPRD, this leads to the de-phosphorylation and de-activation of Stat3.

## Clinical significance

PTPRD is highly expressed throughout the entire brain, especially in the cerebellum and cerebellar hemisphere. PTPRD is also highly expressed in the coronary arteries, the aorta, and the ovaries. Mutations in the PTPRD gene are also associated with autism, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and breast cancer.

## Interactions

PTPRD has been shown to interact with PTPRS and liprin-alpha-1.
# Coniston railway station

Coniston railway station may refer to:
* Coniston railway station (England)
* Coniston railway station, New South Wales
# Miss Earth Ecuador 2017

Miss Earth Ecuador 2017, was the 1st edition of Miss Earth Ecuador held on August 27, 2017. At the end of the night Lessie Giler from Manabí was crowned by Miss Earth 2016, Katherine Espín.

## Results
### Placements

| Placement | Contestant |
| Miss Earth Ecuador 2017 | Manabí – Lessie Giler |
| Miss Air Ecuador 2017 | Manabí – Daniela García |
| Miss Water Ecuador 2017 | Azuay – Clara Álvarez |
| Miss Fire Ecuador 2017 | Guayas – Sofía Freile |

### Special awards

| Award | Contestant |
| Miss Photogenic | Manabí – Lessie Giler |
| Miss Popularity | Guayas – Gabriela Villón |
| Miss Environment | Guayas – Camila Cedeño |
| Best Face | Manabí – Lessie Giler |
| Best Body | Guayas – Sofía Freile |
| Best Hair | Manabí – Lessie Giler |
| Best Catwalk | Guayas – Karina Nazareno |
| Best Smile | Guayas – Sofía Freile |
| Best Ecologic Costume | Manabí – Lessie Giler |

## Contestants

Eleven contestants competed for the title.
| Province | Contestant | Age | Height | Hometown |
| Azuay | María Clara Álvarez León | 22 | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | Cuenca |
| El Oro | Marissa Gabriela Curipoma Valarezo | 21 | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) | Atahualpa |
| Esmeraldas | Wendy Kathya Cotera Quintero | 24 | 1.71 m (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | San Lorenzo |
| Guayas | Mazly Michelle Yuqui Silva | 24 | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) | Bucay |
| Guayas | Camila Mishelle Cedeño Ortega | 20 | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | Guayaquil |
| Guayas | Sofía Jeanine Freile Cuadros | 22 | 1.74 m (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Guayaquil |
| Guayas | Karina Nazareno Preciado | 24 | 1.71 m (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | Guayaquil |
| Guayas | Julia Gabriela Villón Aguilar | 23 | 1.69 m (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | Guayaquil |
| Manabí | Daniela Paola García Salazar | 23 | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | Bahía |
| Manabí | Lessie Mishel Giler Sánchez | 19 | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) | Portoviejo |
| Santo Domingo | Catherine Pilar Catota Gallo | 26 | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) | Santo Domingo |

## Debuts

* Azuay
* El Oro
* Esmeraldas
* Guayas
* Manabí
* Santo Domingo

## Crossovers

* Lessie Giler was crowned Miss Teen Ecuador Universo 2015.
* Marissa Curipoma won the title of Reina de Atahualpa 2014. She competed at Reina de El Oro 2015, but she was unplaced.
* Wendy Cotera competed in Reina de San Lorenzo 2015, but she was unplaced.
* Mazly Yuqui competed in Reina de Bucay 2013. Also, Reina de Guayas 2014, but she was unplaced.
* Karina Nazareno competed in Reina de Guayas 2012, but she was unplaced.
* Daniela Garía was Reina de Bahía 2015.
# He Jian (born 1965)

He Jian (Chinese: 何健; pinyin: Hé Jiàn; born October 1965) is a former Chinese politician who spent most of his career in northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. He was investigated by China's top anti-graft agency in December 2021. Previously he served as party secretary of Zhongwei and chairman of its People's Congress.

## Biography

He was born in Nantong, Jiangsu, in October 1965. In 1983, he was admitted to Shenyang Polytechnic Higher Vocational College, majoring in machine manufacturing. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in June 1985.
After graduation in 1987, he was assigned to Panzhihua Iron and Steel, the largest steel maker in Western China. In August 1997, he became an official of the Office of Organization Department of CCP Sichuan Provincial Committee, and was elevated to deputy director in May 2001. In September 2002, he was despatched to the Second Cadre Bureau of Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party, and served until July 2013.
In April 2013, he became the deputy secretary-general of CCP Ningxia Regional Committee, rising to secretary-general in September 2015. In June 2017, he was promoted to party secretary of Zhongwei, concurrently serving as chairman of its People's Congress since January 2000.

### Downfall

On 23 December 2021, he was put under investigation for alleged "serious violations of discipline and laws" by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.
# Ivan Lukyanov

Ivan Lukyanov may refer to:
* Ivan Lukyanov (athlete) (born 1981), Moldovan/Russian steeplechase runner
* Ivan Lukyanov (footballer) (born 1990), Russian football player
# Saribia perroti

Saribia perroti is a butterfly in the family Riodinidae. It is found on Madagascar. The habitat consists of forests.
# Sanhe, Jiangsu

Sanhe (Chinese: 三河; pinyin: Sānhé) is a town under the administration of Hongze District, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China. As of 2018, it has 4 residential communities and 15 villages under its administration.
# Ceratocumatidae

Ceratocumatidae is a family of crustaceans of the order Cumacea. Ceratocumatidae have a small free telson. The endopods (interior branches) of the uropods are present on only one segment. Males have 5, 4 or 3 pairs of pleopods. All maxillipeds and some of the pereiopods bear exopods (outer branches). The gill apparatus has no supporting gill plates.