OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Esmaeil Khatib

Esmaeil Khatib (born 1961) is an Iranian cleric and politician who has been serving as the minister of intelligence since August 2021. He is the eighth official to hold the post.

## Early life and education

Khatib was born in Qaen, South Khorasan, in 1961. He studied Islamic jurisprudence in Qom. He was a pupil of leading figures such as Ali Khamenei, Mohammad Fazel Lankarani, Naser Makarem Shirazi and Mojtaba Tehrani.

## Career

Khatib has the title of Hujjat al-Islam, meaning proof of Islam in English. Previous posts of Khatib included the head of the Information Protection Center of the Judiciary and head of Astan Quds Razavi Security. He also worked in the Office of the Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, as Iran's chief warden, and in the intelligence department of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as well as in the Ministry of Intelligence.
In 1985 Khatib was assigned to the intelligence unit of the IRGC by Mohsen Rezaei who was the first commander-in-chief of the corps. Khatib was in the post until 1991. During the tenure of the Minister of Intelligence Ali Fallahian Khatib was appointed head of the ministry's regional branch in Qom in 1999. Khatib was appointed chief warden in the Office of Supreme Leader in 2010.
Khatib was nominated as the minister of intelligence to the cabinet of Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and was confirmed by the Majlis on 25 August 2021. He received 222 votes in favor. Khatib replaced Mahmoud Alavi in the post.
During the summer of 2023, senior security and intelligence officials, including Khatib, met in Mashhad to create a coordinated strategy to counter the "coherent and extensive" planning by the West to undermine national stability and purpose.

### Views

Khatib is one of the close allies of Ali Khamenei and was also a supporter of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. He has close connections with other significant religious figures in Iran most of whom are his teachers.
# National Liberal Party (Australia)

The National Liberal Party was a short-lived political party in the Australian state of Victoria. It was formed in 1974 by Senator George Hannan, as a breakaway from the Liberal Party. The party failed to win any seats at the 1974 federal election, and disbanded soon after.

## Background

Hannan was a strident social conservative, and was disturbed by the nonchalance of his party to the new "permissive society". In August 1973, he lost Liberal preselection for the next federal election to Alan Missen, a noted civil libertarian and social liberal. However, he later said that his formation of a new party was "only indirectly connected with my loss of endorsement".

## Formation

In a speech to the Senate on 20 March 1974, Hannan announced his resignation from the Liberal Party and the formation of the National Liberal Party, of which he was to be leader. He said that the new party's platform was "firmly based on principles enunciated by Sir Robert Menzies" and that it would "uphold the best traditional values of the Liberal Party". His announcement was unexpected, and was made without informing the Liberal leader, Billy Snedden. On 3 April, the President of the Senate, Magnus Cormack, ruled that Hannan would not be recognised as the leader of a political party for Senate purposes (which would have conferred certain benefits in parliamentary procedure).
The new party was officially launched on 31 March, at the Melbourne Town Hall. Hannan announced that the party's policies included abolishing the metric system, ending inheritance tax and sales tax, and reducing parliamentary salaries by ten percent. It was estimated that about 500 people were in attendance, although Hannan had hoped for a crowd of several thousand. Many Liberal Party officials attended as interested observers, but took pains to emphasise to reporters that they had not joined the new party. Past and present MPs in attendance included Alex Buchanan, Horace Petty, and Ivy Wedgwood. The Canberra Times noted that the audience "seemed dominated by migrants, including many wearing Croatian badges". The Tribune, the official newspaper of the Communist Party, claimed that the party was linked with Croatian nationalist groups and that its Senate candidates had attended a gathering celebrating the creation of the fascist Independent State of Croatia.

## 1974 election and demise

At the 1974 election, the National Liberal Party ran only in Victoria, although Hannan had previously stated that he hoped a branch could be established in New South Wales. It polled just under 24,000 votes, which amounted to 1.3 percent of the state total. The other two candidates on its ticket besides Hannan were Reginald Hollow and Luke Cuni. On 3 March 1975, Hannan announced that he was disbanding the party and returning to the Liberals.
# Eucamptognathus psilonyx

Eucamptognathus psilonyx is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Alluaud in 1926.
# Effingham Capron

Effingham Lawrence Capron (1791 – 1859), a Quaker, was a mill owner, and nationally recognized leader of the anti-slavery movement prior to the Civil War. He was known especially in the Northeast United States for his anti-slavery work. He was born in Pomfret, Connecticut in March 1791, and died in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1859 at the age of 68. He was also a noted manufacturer of cotton and woolens in the early American Industrial period.

## Family and early life

Effingham Lawrence Capron, was born Mar. 29, 1791 at Pomfret, Windham County, Connecticut, USA, the son of the Capron mill's founder, John Capron Sr., who moved to Uxbridge, Massachusetts, from northeastern Connecticut, around the time of Effingham's birth. Effingham was educated in the Uxbridge schools and may have had some exposure to the great local educator Joshua Mason Macomber, who operated the Uxbridge Academy in this same community. Effingham, his brother John Willard Capron, and their father John Sr. operated the first woolen mill in America which used power looms, established at Uxbridge in 1820.

## Involvement with the anti-slavery cause

Capron became an ardent abolitionist in the anti-slavery movement of the pre-Civil War period, and was the head of the local branch of the Underground Railroad. The Quaker Meeting house at Uxbridge was also known for the ardent antislavery advocate Abby Kelley Foster, who also led Susan B. Anthony to the cause of abolitionism. Under the leadership of Effingham Capron, Abby Kelley Foster, and others, Uxbridge became a key junction in the Underground Railroad and the early efforts to free African Americans from slavery. In the words of local historian and a recent acting Uxbridge Police Chief, Peter Emrick, Capron was more than an abolitionist. He was a "liberator". Under Effingham's leadership, the Uxbridge Anti-slavery Society grew to over 450 members, as he rose to be the state and national Vice President of the anti-slavery societies. The Worcester area, including Uxbridge, became a hotbed of the abolition movement in America.

## Capron Park rededicated to Effingham Capron in 2012

"During this 150th anniversary of the Civil War, it is fitting to honor a local resident who worked for one of the principal causes of that great conflict that split 'brother against brother,'" explained Senator Richard T. Moore of Uxbridge. Legislation, sponsored by Mr. Moore and state Rep. Kevin Kuros, R-Uxbridge, will officially name Capron Park at Capron pond and falls, as a state park honoring Effingham Capron. The park was to be re-dedicated as of September 29, 2012 in a ceremony dubbed "Fire on the falls", but was rescheduled at the last minute. Early water power from Uxbridge rivers and falls powered the beginnings of the American Industrial Revolution. The Capron Park is at the Center of the Blackstone Valley Heritage Park and Corridor, a National Historic Park of Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
# O'Shaughnessy's chameleon

O'Shaughnessy's chameleon (Calumma oshaughnessyi) is a species of chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to Madagascar. It was named after the British poet and herpetologist Arthur O'Shaughnessy.

## Distribution and habitat

O'Shaughnessy's chameleon has a geographic range of about 18,000 square kilometers (6,950 square miles) throughout the southeastern portion of the central highlands of Madagascar. Its distribution extends from Tsinjoarivo, Ambatolampy in the north to Andohahela National Park in the south. The species is highly dependent on intact, humid forest as its habitat, living in lower densities on selectively logged territories.

## Description

O'Shaughnessy's chameleon, being closely related to Parson's chameleon, is similar in shape and color but slightly smaller. Albert Günther, the first to scientifically describe the species, stated that the type specimen is a male measuring 15.5 inches (39.4 cm) in total length, including its tail which is 9 inches (22.9 cm) long. It is mostly brownish gray, with a darker throat and jaw. Although lacking horns, the male of the species has a short, bony structure on the snout. The female does not have this structure.

## Behavior

During a 1997 study, researchers discovered that adult O'Shaughnessy's chameleons are most active in the morning and the evening.

## Conservation and threats

Although in some places common, O'Shaughnessy's chameleon is severely threatened. Its populations are declining and fragmented, and the species is ranked as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Although reports of illegal trade in the species do exist, its primary threat is habitat loss, such as logging and deforestation. While significant populations do exist in protected areas, further loss of inhabitable terrain could fragment and isolate these communities.
# Organigraph

An organigraph is a graphical representation of a company's structure or processes. It is used as an alternative to a traditional organizational chart as it does not imply the same degree of linear hierarchy that an organizational chart does.
Organigraphs are used to expose critical associations and competitive opportunities as opposed to viewing all parties, departments, and business units as separate entities. They also can reveal relationships between departments, products, supply chains, and more within an organization that might not otherwise be apparent. Business strategists, consultants, and academics use organigraphs.
Around the year 2000, Henry Mintzberg and Ludo Van der Heyden conceived the organigraph.
Organigraphs can be created as diagrams or as images which represent the nature of the firm. For example, a computer company's organigraph could be in the form of a computer. The hard drive could represent employees, the power supply could relate to its financing, and the web browser could indicate the firm's strategy.
# Guido Schmidt-Chiari

Guido Schmidt-Chiari (13 September 1932 – 21 August 2016) was an Austrian banker. He was the CEO of the Austrian bank Creditanstalt. Schmidt-Chiari was born in Vienna, Austria, the eldest child of Guido Schmidt. He married Countess Stephanie Strachwitz in 1974, with whom he has six children. Stephanie Schmidt-Chiari is a direct cousin of the American music producer Chris Strachwitz.

## Biography

In 1952 Guido Schmidt-Chiari moved to Brazil to work for a subsidiary of Alpine-Mountain in Rio de Janeiro and in 1953 set up the São Paulo distribution branch for Jenbacher Werke products. He returned to Austria and in 1956 received his PhD in law from the University of Vienna. In 1957 Guido Schmidt-Chiari worked for the Belgian-American Banking Corporation in New York City. In 1958 he began work at Creditanstalt in Vienna, in 1971 he was appointed to the Executive Board and further promoted to CEO in 1988. After the Fall of the Iron Curtain Schmidt-Chiari initiated the expansion of Creditanstalt into Central European countries. Following the acquisition of Creditanstalt by Bank Austria Schmidt-Chiari resigned in 1997.
Under the direction of Guido Schmidt-Chiari, the Creditanstalt Group grew manifold and saw net profit after tax grow from 1.2 billion ATS in 1991 to 5.8 billion ATS in 1997, an increase in return on equity from 6% to 19.2%, making Creditanstalt by far the most profitable bank in Austria at the time.
The Schmidt-Chiari family have a large equity stake in two family businesses: Joseph Schmidt's Erben (founded in 1887) an industrial distribution company and the Arlberger Bergbahnen AG (founded in 1937), a ski lift operator with resorts in Austria and Poland. The main lift business operates the world-renowned ski resort of St. Anton am Arlberg
Schmidt-Chiari has also chaired the supervisory board of several leading Austrian companies (inter alia: Wienerberger AG, Semperit AG, Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG and Andritz AG) and held a wide variety of other posts including being on the Morgan Stanley European Advisory Board and the General Council of Assicurazioni Generali, Trieste. He was the president of the Austrian Bankers Association and founded the Austrian Delegation to the Trilateral Commission.
Aside from his involvement in the financial world, Guido Schmidt-Chiari and his wife, Stephanie enjoy collecting turn-of-the-century Viennese Jugendstil, with a focus on those by the architect and designer Josef Hofmann and his contemporaries. Stephanie Schmidt-Chiari is a member of the International Council of the Museum of Modern Art, New York (MoMA) and Guido Schmidt-Chiari is an Advisory Board Member of Mumok, Vienna as well as on the board of directors of the Wiener Konzerthaus, Vienna.
Schmidt-Chiari died in Sankt Anton am Arlberg, Austria, on 21 August 2016.

## Decorations

Among other decorations Guido Schmidt-Chiari has been appointed an Honorary Senator of the Business University of Vienna and an Honorary Senator of the Technical University of Vienna as well as Officier de la Legion d'Honneur.
# Giuseppe Biagi

Giuseppe Biagi may refer to:
* Giuseppe Biagi (painter) (born 1949), Italian painter
* Giuseppe Biagi (explorer) (1897–1965), Italian soldier, explorer and radio operator
# Ineta Radēviča

Ineta Radēviča (born 13 July 1981) is a retired Latvian athlete, competing in the long jump and triple jump.
Radēviča won the bronze medal in the 2003 European U-23 championship. She has also won two NCAA championships, while competing for the University of Nebraska. In the 2004 Summer Olympics, she was 13th in the triple jump and 20th in the long jump. Radēviča became popular after posing nude for Playboy magazine before the 2004 Summer Olympics. She finished fifth at the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships and eighth at the 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships. By the time the 2008 Summer Olympics were held, she was pregnant and missed the competition.
At the 2010 European Championships she won the long jump event with a new Latvian record of 6.92 metres. In 2011, she won the bronze medal at the World Championships in Daegu with a result of 6.76 metres. In 2017 she received a Silver medal when results were updated because of past doping offenses.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics she placed fourth, with Janay DeLoach finishing just one centimeter ahead of her. Afterwards she realised her dream of earning an Olympic medal was not going to happen, and she retired to devote herself to her family, ending her professional career.
In May 2019, following reanalysis of her samples from the 2012 Olympics, which tested positive for oxandrolone metabolites, she was disqualified from the Olympic Games.
Radēviča was coached by Evgeny Ter-Ovanesov.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Latvia ||||||
| 2000 | World Junior Championships | Santiago, Chile | 14th (q) | Long jump | 5.93 m (wind: -0.3 m/s) |
| 2003 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 3rd | Long jump | 6.70 m (wind: 1.8 m/s) |
| 2003 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 3rd | Triple jump | 14.04 m (wind: 1.2 m/s) |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 13th | Long jump | 6.53 m |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 20th | Triple jump | 14.12 m |
| 2005 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 20th | Long jump | 6.34 m |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 1st | Long jump | 6.92 m |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 2nd | Long jump | 6.76 m |
| 2012 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 5th | Long jump | 6.55 m |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | DSQ (4th) | Long jump | DSQ (6.88 m) |

## Personal bests

| Event | Record | Venue | Year |
| Long jump | 6.92 m | Barcelona, Spain | 2010 |
| Triple jump | 14.12 m | Athens, Greece | 2004 |

## Personal life

She is married to Russian ice hockey player Petr Schastlivy and has 2 sons and a daughter.
# Esther Silveus

Esther Silveus (January 14, 1903 – April 27, 1980) was an American radiologist and medical researcher based at the Lahey Clinic in Boston from 1942 to 1967.

## Early life and education

Silveus was born in Swissvale, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, the daughter of John G. Silveus and Ura Malnor Williams Silveus. She completed teacher training at Slippery Rock State Normal School in 1921, and graduated from Bryn Mawr College in 1926, and earned her medical degree at the University of Pittsburgh in 1932. She was president of the Pittsburgh chapter of Zeta Phi, a medical sorority.

## Career

Silveus had a medical practice in Mercer, Pennsylvania after medical school. From 1939 to 1941, she served a residency in radiology at the Western Pennsylvania Hospital. She was chief of the x-ray department at Good Samaritan Hospital in Lebanon, Pennsylvania in 1941 and 1942, when male specialists were called away to serve in World War II.
In 1942 Silveus joined the Lahey Clinic in Boston, and continued there as a radiologist until her retirement in 1967. She had staff privileges at several Boston hospitals, and was president and secretary of the Boston chapter of the American Medical Women's Association. She was a member of the American College of Radiology and the Radiological Society of North America. In 1973, she was honored as an Outstanding Alumna of Slippery Rock State College.

## Publications

Silveus published her medical research in academic journals including Radiology, Surgical Clinics of North America, JAMA Internal Medicine, and The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
* "The protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid in myxedema" (1928, with Willard Owen Thompson, Phebe K. Thompson, and Mary Elizabeth Dailey)
* "The Cerebrospinal Fluid in Myxedema" (1929, with Willard Owen Thompson, Phebe K. Thompson, and Mary Elizabeth Dailey)
* "Benign mediastinal tumors; a report of six cases with analysis of diagnostic criteria and advocation of surgical removal" (1947, with Ralph Adams)
* "Esophageal and Gastric Varices, with Report of a Case" (1948, with Hugh F. Hare and F. A. Ruoff)
* "Roentgenologic Diagnosis of Pituitary Tumors" (1949, with Hugh F. Hare and Magnus I. Smedal)
* "Hysterosalpingography and Tubal Insufflation" (1956)
* "Late changes in spleen and liver due to thorotrast and their significance" (1958)

## Personal life

Esther Silveus married Elmer S. Carlson in 1948. They restored a farm in Groton, Massachusetts, and gave much of the farm's produce to her colleagues at the Lahey Clinic. She died at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1980, aged 77 years.
# Psora taurensis

Psora taurensis is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in the Taurus Mountains of Turkey.

## Taxonomy

Psora taurensis was formally described as a new species in 2017 by Ernst Timdal, Mika Bendiksby, Arife Merve Kahraman, and Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı. The type specimen was collected by Halıcı along the Gülnar-Silifke highway (near the exit to Kayrak) (Mersin Province); there, at an altitude between 1,000 and 1,020 m (3,280 and 3,350 ft), the lichen was found growing on soil over calcareous bedrock. The lichen's occurrence in the Taurus Mountains is alluded to in the species epithet taurensis. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that Psora tenuifolia is a sister species.

## Description

Psora taurensis has a squamulose thallus, with the individual squamules measuring up to 8 mm wide; the thallus develops concave lobes. The upper surface of the thallus is dull and brown, with pruina covering the outer part of the lobes. The lower thallus surface is white to pale brown. Apothecia are brownish-black, convex and lacking a distinct margin, with a diameter of up to 1.5 mm in diameter. The ascospores are ellipsoid and hyaline, measuring 11–16 by 5.5–7 μm.
Psora taurensis contains norstictic acid, a lichen product that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography. This substance is present as crystals in the medulla, along with crystals of calcium oxalate. The expected results of standard chemical spot tests on this species are medulla K+ (yellow turning red), C−, KC−, and P+ (orange).

## Habitat and distribution

Known to occur in only two localities in Turkey, Psora taurensis appears to prefer a Mediterranean climate and an elevations of about 1,000 m (3,300 ft). The habitats at these places are a rocky area with shrubland vegetation in one, and an open pasture in the other.
# List of Cruzeiro Esporte Clube managers

This is a list of managers of the Brazilian football club Cruzeiro E.C.

## Managers

List of Cruzeiro E.C. managers :
| Name | Nation | Dates |
| Dorival Júnior | Brazil | 2007 |
| Émerson Leão | Brazil | 2004 |
| Luiz Felipe Scolari | Brazil | 2000–2001 |
| Oswaldo de Oliveira | Brazil | 2006 |
| Paulo Autuori de Mello | Brazil | 1997, 1999–2000, 2007 |
| Paulo César Gusmão | Brazil | 2006 |
| Vanderlei Luxemburgo | Brazil | 2002–2004 |
| Yustrich | Brazil | 1977 |
| Zezé Moreira | Brazil | 1976 |
# Charley's Web

Charley's Web is an Australian film shot in 1984 about a man who dreams of being Prime Minister.

## Cast

* Max Cullen as Charley O'Keefe
* Justine Saunders as Jane Lynch
* Rhys McConnochie as Prime Minister Lowe
* Ken Wayne as Richard Wilson
# Chromium acetate

Chromium acetate may refer to:
* Chromium(II) acetate
* Chromium(III) acetate
# Guilty (All song)

"Guilty" is a song by the American punk rock band All, written by drummer Bill Stevenson and released as the second single from the band's 1993 album Breaking Things. The single also includes two more songs recorded during the Breaking Things session that were left off the album: "All's Fair", written by Stevenson, and "Man's World", written by Stevenson, singer Chad Price, and bassist Karl Alvarez.

## Background

All three songs on the single were recorded during the Breaking Things sessions in March and April 1993 at Ardent Studios in Memphis, Tennessee, with the record producer and recording engineer John Hampton. Stevenson and guitarist Stephen Egerton also produced the recordings, and Skidd Mills and Jeffrey Reed worked as assistant engineers. Milo Aukerman, of All's precursor band the Descendents, sang backing vocals on the tracks. The recordings were mastered by John Golden at K-Disc in Hollywood, and the "Guilty" single was released through Cruz Records as a 10-inch single and CD single.
"Guilty" was used in the soundtrack to the 1995 film Mallrats, and was included on the accompanying soundtrack album.

## Personnel
### Band

* Karl Alvarez – bass guitar
* Stephen Egerton – guitar, producer
* Chad Price – vocals
* Bill Stevenson – drums, producer

### Additional performers

* Milo Aukerman – backing vocals

### Production

* John Golden – mastering
* John Hampton – producer, recording engineer
* Skidd Mills – assistant engineer
* Jeffery Reed – assistant engineer