OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thorvald Madsen

Thorvald John Marius Madsen (February 18, 1870 in Frederiksberg – April 14, 1957 in Gjorslev) was a Danish physician and bacteriologist. Madsen was the director of Statens Serum Institut from 1910 to 1940.
He was the son of General V. H. O. Madsen.
During World War I, Thorvald Madsen in his capacity as director of Statens Serum Institut was heavily involved in humanitarian work for prisoners of war. From 1916 onwards Madsen did several inspection visits to detention centers in Russia, where conditions were highly questionable. During these travels brought Thorvald Madsen, among other things excess serum against various diseases. In addition, Madsen helped more Danish-Schleswigers, who had been in German military service and ended up a prisoner of war. Thorvald Madsen was also involved in the work of selecting sick prisoners of war who were sent to Denmark as part of the conditions of prisoner exchanges between, on the one hand, Austria-Hungary and Germany on the other hand, Russia.
In the years 1921-1937 was Thorvald Madsen, president of the League of Nations Health Committee. The current WHO relies heavily on the Health Commission's work.
Madsen was Knight of the Dannebrog in 1902, Dannebrogsmand 1918, the Commander of the 2nd degree in 1920, of 1 degree in 1927 and received the Grand Cross 1937.
He is buried in Garrison Cemetery.
# Ornative case

In linguistics, the ornative case is a noun case that means "endowed with" or "supplied with".
This case is found in Dumi, which marks it by the suffix -mi.
In Swahili, -enye is the ornative case particle. It takes a prefix dependent on the noun class of the head (preceding) noun and is followed by another noun, in expressions such as nyumba yenye chumba kimoja meaning "a house having one room".

## Similar derivations

In Hungarian, it is not considered as a case, but as an adjective-forming derivation, marked with the suffix -s (with the variants -os, -as, -es, -ös after a consonant). For example, "ajtó" ("door"), as in "zöld ajtós ház" ("a house with a green door"); "hálószoba" ("bedroom"), as in "2 hálószobás lakás" ("apartment with 2 bedrooms").
Same happens in Quechua, where the suffix -yuq derives a noun into another noun or into an adjective. For example, qillay ("money"), qillayyuq ("rich").
# Pearl Goss

Pearl Goss was an Indian badminton player.
She was the national women's singles badminton champion of India in 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940, and 1949.
In 2011 she was given a lifetime achievement award by the organisation "Badminton 45" at an event celebrating the history of badminton in India. A sum of 50,000 rupees was presented to her or, according to another source, to her close family.
# Douglas/Kwantlen Faculty Assn v Douglas College

Douglas/Kwantlen Faculty Assn v Douglas College, [1990] 3 S.C.R. 570 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision regarding the jurisdiction of an administrative tribunal.

## Background

Douglas College is a post-secondary school operated by the province of British Columbia as a Crown corporation under the College and Institute Act. The school's collective agreement included a provision for mandatory retirement at age 65. Two professors challenged this provision before the labour arbitration tribunal, claiming it violated the equality rights guarantee under section 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The professors argued that the college constituted a public institution and therefore was subject to the Charter, and that the collective agreement constituted "law" within meaning of the Charter.
The arbitrator agreed and found that the law violated section 15(1) of the Charter. The school appealed the decision on the grounds that the tribunal did not have jurisdiction to determine the constitutional issue. The British Columbia Court of Appeal found that the tribunal had jurisdiction and upheld the decision of the tribunal. The school appealed the decision in the Supreme Court of Canada.
The issues before the Supreme Court were:
* whether the Charter applied to the collective agreement;
* whether the retirement provision was "law" as used in s. 15(1) of the Charter;
* whether the tribunal appointed to resolve labour grievances was a "court of competent jurisdiction" under s. 24(1) of the Charter so that it could determine the constitutionality of the statutory provision; and
* whether the tribunal had jurisdiction to hear and determine such a grievance.

## Opinion of the Court

Justice La Forest, writing for the majority, dismissed the appeal by the college. The majority held that although a tribunal has the power to treat any invalid law that it may be asked to apply as having no force or effect, it may not necessarily be able to apply the Charter or grant a remedy under section 24(1) of the Charter. A tribunal only has power to the extent that it has been conferred to it by law.
# DWA

DWA may refer to:

## Companies and organisations

* Digital Watermarking Alliance
* DreamWorks Animation
* Dutch Waterski Association
* Dallas World Aquarium
* Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall e.V. [de]
* DWA in Germany

## Other

* A dwa is a stool of the Ashantis.
* Disk wars avengers
* Doctor Who Adventures, a children's magazine based on the BBC TV series Doctor Who
* Data Warehouse Automation, acceleration and automation of data warehouse development cycles
* Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976- UK legislation controlling ownership of dangerous animals
* Designated Waiting Area
* Domino Web Access (IBM Lotus)
* Drinking water advisories
* Dynamic window approach, a real-time collision avoidance strategy
* Humid continental climate with monsoonal influences (hot, humid, rainy summers and cold, dry winters) according to the Köppen climate classification
# Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund

The Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund (DREDF), located in Berkeley, California, and Washington, DC, US, is a national cross-disability civil rights law and policy center directed by individuals with disabilities and parents who have children with disabilities. Founded in 1979, DREDF advances the civil and human rights of people with disabilities through legal advocacy, training, education, and public policy and legislative development.
The directing attorney is Arlene B. Mayerson. The Berkeley office is located in the Ed Roberts Campus.

## The 1980s

DREDF's early efforts focused on:
* building alliances with the national civil rights leadership
* preventing the Reagan administration's Task Force on Regulatory Relief's attempts to deregulate Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

## The 1990s

Following the passage of the ADA, DREDF focused on preserving the new law and shaping its implementation by providing nationwide training and technical assistance, as well as writing and publishing a legal series that presented ADA legislative history and commentary in a series of cases, DREDF won the right of children with disabilities requiring healthcare assistance (such as diabetes and asthma) to receive such assistance in pre-school and recreational settings. In an effort to promote community integration, DREDF works with community and legal groups to challenge the continued institutionalization of disabled residents at San Francisco's Laguna Honda Hospital and to create community-based alternatives. Other ADA litigation has also opened doors to movie theaters, hotels, banking services, and gas stations. DREDF represents Members of Congress in a trilogy of cases involving the definition of disability under the ADA. Continuing its commitment to IDEA implementation, DREDF achieves a series of litigation victories that establish a national precedent for the full inclusion of children with disabilities in regular classes in Holland v. Sacramento City School District and establishes educational rights for children with disabilities in East Palo Alto, California. As interest in disability rights gains international momentum, disability rights leaders from 17 countries invite legal and policy staff to consult and collaborate on strategies for advancing policy in their countries.

## The 2000s and beyond

Other litigation succeeds in requiring the U.S. Social Security Administration to provide all notices to beneficiaries in alternative formats.
# Motif (textile arts)

In the textile arts, a motif (pronunciation) (also called a block or square) is a smaller element in a much larger work. In knitting and crochet, motifs are made one at a time and joined together to create larger works such as afghan blankets or shawls. An example of a motif is the granny square. Motifs may be varied or rotated for contrast and variety, or to create new shapes, as with quilt blocks in quilts and quilting. Contrast with motif-less crazy quilting.
Motifs can be any size, but usually all the motifs in any given work are the same size. The patterns and stitches used in a motif may vary greatly, but there is almost always some unifying element, such as texture, stitch pattern, or colour, which gives the finished piece more aesthetic appeal. Motifs may commemorate events or convey information or political slogans. For example, the individual blocks of the AIDS Memorial Quilt, the possible Quilts of the Underground Railroad, and the "54-40 or Fight" quilt block.
# Fons Aler

Lieutenant general Fons Aler ( 3 May 1896 – 21 December 1981) was a Dutch military officer who served as Chairman of the United Defence Staff of the Armed Forces of the Netherlands between January 1953 and October 1953. In 1997 a Fokker 50 of the Royal Netherlands Air Force was named after Aler.
# Soviet chess school

The Soviet school of chess was asserted to be a national style of play by Soviet chess players and journalists. Although chess had been a game of the bourgeoisie and upper classes before the Russian Revolution, its popularity among Bolshevik leaders, including Vladimir Lenin, contributed to it being supported by state leaders in the USSR as a national pastime. A keen sportsman, Lenin spent much of his free time outdoors or playing chess.
Worldwide references to a now-solid Soviet school of chess only occurred after World War II, when a generation of Soviet chess players, led by soon-to-be world champion Mikhail Botvinnik, began a string of victories over international competitors that surprised the world.
Generally speaking, chess experts in the USSR described the Soviet school of chess as a fast-paced, daring style of play best exemplified by the young generation of postwar players like David Bronstein. Not all Soviet players used this playing style; the most notable exception was Botvinnik, whom grandmaster Mark Taimanov compared to the methodical Wilhelm Steinitz. The main contribution of the Soviet school of chess was not the style of players but their emphasis on rigorous training and study of the game, i.e. considering chess a sport rather than an art or science.

## Sample game

The following is a game played in 1938 between Mikhail Botvinnik (White) and José Raúl Capablanca (Black). The chess opening is Nimzo-Indian Defence: Normal Line (ECO code E40). Unlike most Indian Defence, the Nimzo-Indian does not involve an immediate fianchetto, although Black often follows up with ...b6 and ...Bb7. By pinning White's knight, Black prevents the threatened 4.e4 and seeks to inflict doubled pawns on White. White will attempt to create a pawn centre and develop his pieces to prepare for an assault on the Black position. This game is often set as an example for the foundation of chess strategy in chess middlegame.
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 d5 5.a3 Bxc3+ 6.bxc3 c5 7.cxd5 exd5 8.Bd3 O-O 9.Ne2 b6 10.O-O Ba6 11.Bxa6 Nxa6 12.Bb2 Qd7 13.a4 Rfe8 14.Qd3 c4 15.Qc2 Nb8 16.Rae1 Nc6 17.Ng3 Na5 18.f3 Nb3 19.e4 Qxa4 20.e5 Nd7 21.Qf2 g6 22.f4 f5 23.exf6 Nxf6 24.f5 Rxe1 25.Rxe1 Re8 26.Re6 Rxe6 27.fxe6 Kg7 28.Qf4 Qe8 29.Qe5 Qe7 30.Ba3 Qxa3 31.Nh5+ gxh5 32.Qg5+ Kf8 33.Qxf6+ Kg8 34.e7 Qc1+ 35.Kf2 Qc2+ 36.Kg3 Qd3+ 37.Kh4 Qe4+ 38.Kxh5 Qe2+ 39.Kh4 Qe4+ 40.g4 Qe1+ 41.Kh5 1-0
What would have followed is a brilliant mating attack from Botvinnik: 41.Kh5 h6 42.Qg6+ Kh8 43.e8=R+ Qxe8 44.Qxe8+ Kg7 45.Qe7+ Kh8 46.Kxh6 b5 47.Qg7#
Capablanca's resignation, in Garry Kasparov's opinion, this game "symbolized the end of an heroic era of chess titans, dominating the field with their natural genius. Since this historic moment the professional touch has played a more and more important role as an integral part of chess, the path to ultimate success".
# South Okanagan—Similkameen National Park Reserve

South Okanagan—Similkameen National Park Reserve is a proposed national park reserve in the Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen of British Columbia. The goal of the park is to work with the local First Nations to protect a large patch of Okanagan dry forests and part of the northern reach of the Columbia Plateau ecoregion in Canada.
"South Okanagan—Similkameen" is the working name of the proposed national park reserve. Once plans are finalized, the park will be given a formal name.

## Setting

The South Okanagan region is home to the only semi-arid shrubland ecosystem in Canada. The ecosystem is dominated by Antelope-brush and is a habitat for 30% of the Red-listed and 46% of the Blue-listed vertebrates in British Columbia, several of which are listed as threatened or endangered. More than 24 invertebrates exist only in this ecoregion, with an additional 80 species occurring nowhere else in Canada.

## History
### Early protection efforts

In 1991, the Osoyoos Desert Society was founded with the goal of protecting this unique ecosystem. As part of its conservation efforts, the society constructed the Osoyoos Desert Center, an interpretive centre with the goal of spreading awareness of the region's unique ecology and promote conservation.
On 18 April 2001, BC Parks established the 9,364 ha (23,140 acres) South Okanagan Grasslands Protected Area to protect the semi-arid forests and grasslands of the region.

### Parks Canada proposal

In 2003, Parks Canada and the Government of British Columbia began formally assessing the viability of a national park reserve in the South Okanagan. In 2006, Parks Canada drafted a park concept of 65,000 hectares (160,000 acres) in cooperation with the Government of British Columbia and local residents. The same year, the Osoyoos Indian Band of the Okanagan Nation Alliance constructed the Nk'Mip Desert Cultural Centre with the goal of showcasing the cultural heritage of the Okanagan people and promoting conservation efforts in the region.
In 2010, the proposed park was revised down to 28,400 hectares (70,000 acres) with a greater emphasis placed on protecting lower elevation grasslands where species diversity is highest and most at risk.

### Memorandum of understanding

On 3 July 2019, Parks Canada and the Okanagan Nation Alliance signed a memorandum of understanding to formally work toward establishing a national park reserve in the South Okanagan-Similkameen. As of this memorandum, the park reserve encompasses an area of 27,300 hectares (67,000 acres) stretching from the southern slopes of Orofino Mountain to the Canada–United States border. In addition, the park reserve would absorb the existing protected areas of South Okanagan Grasslands and Field's Lease.
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada in early 2020, progress in reaching an establishment agreement between senior governments and local First Nations slowed significantly. As of August 2021, negotiations are ongoing.
# Shevi Waterfall

Shevi Waterfall is the largest natural waterfall in the Middle East. The geographical location of the waterfall is E484936 N324745, Zagros Mountains in a village called Shevi at Shahion district in Dezful City, of Iran's Khuzestan Province. Shevi Waterfall is located near Salon Mountains and is 65 km from the center of Shahion district and 110 km from Dezful City.

## Description of the waterfall

Coming out of a cave, the Shevi Waterfall flows down from a high gorge. The height of the waterfall is 85 meters, and its width is 70 meters. After crossing mountains and valleys, its water flows into the Dez River and finally into the Dez Dam Lake in Khuzestan Province.
# Ciofrângeni

Ciofrângeni is a commune in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Burluși, Ciofrângeni, Lacurile, Piatra, and Schitu-Matei.
The commune lies in the Wallachian Plain, on the banks of the Topolog River. It is located in the western part of Argeș County, 43 km (27 mi) northwest of the county seat, Pitești, on the border with Vâlcea County.
Ciofrângeni is crossed by the national road DN73C [ro], which starts in Câmpulung, runs through Curtea de Argeș (16 km (9.9 mi) to the east), and ends in Râmnicu Vâlcea (21 km (13 mi) to the west).
# Pearl Grigsby Richardson

Pearl Aurelia Grigsby Richardson (March 28, 1896 – October 13, 1983) was an American educator and clubwoman. She ran a well-regarded childcare program in Montclair, New Jersey, from the 1930s to the 1960s.

## Early life and education

Pearl Grigsby was born in Montclair, New Jersey, the eldest of five children of William Grigsby and Golden Belle Anderson Grigsby. She graduated from Smith College in 1919. She pursued further studies in child development at Rutgers University.

## Career

After she married, Richardson taught in Georgia, at Dorchester Academy, a missionary school, and at Haines Normal Institute. She was a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) sorority, and of the Townswomen, an organization of twelve prominent Black women in Montclair. In 1921, she was one of the five founding members of the Delta Omega graduate chapter of AKA, in Petersburg, Virginia, along with Pauline Sims Puryear and Louise Stokes Hunter. She was one of the six founding members of the first chapter of AKA in Louisiana, when she helped to found the Alpha Beta Omega graduate chapter in New Orleans in 1927.
She lived in Saint Thomas in the Virgin Islands, where her husband was the appointed postmaster from 1932 to 1936. While there, she taught at Charlotte Amalie High School. Back in New Jersey, she was founder and director of Montclair's Child Care Center, from the late 1930s until she retired in 1965. "I knew it was needed here, so I just did it," she recalled in 1965.

## Personal life

Pearl Grigsby married fellow educator Edward S. Richardson Jr. in 1922. They had a son, Edward William. Her husband died in 1976, and she died in 1983, at the age of 87, in New Jersey.
# Dotman

Olatunji Oladotun Alade (born in c.1993 in Ogun State, Nigeria), popularly known as Dotman, is a Nigerian singer, rapper, performer and the CEO of 808 Recordz. He is most famous for his hit singles "Akube", "My Woman", "Afro Girl" and "Omoge".

## Career

Olatunji Oladotun Alade was born in Agosasa, Ipokia, Ogun State, Nigeria and is a member of the Yoruba ethnic group in South-Western Nigeria. He attended Abeokuta Grammar School and studied at the University of Lagos (degree in Physics Education). Inspired by artistes like King Sunny Ade, Fela Kuti, Akon, 9ice and Da Grin, he credits the start of his music career to him winning a rap competition at the University of Lagos.
In 2016, he was featured on TooXclusive's "Artistes To Watch in 2017 and Vibe.ng's "7 Breakthrough Acts To Watch Out For in 2017" In January 2017, Dotman performed at Big Brother Naija's Live Eviction Show in South Africa.
In 2020, Dotman was signed to the music label Labo Entertainment which is a subsidiary of Labo Group owned by Nigerian entrepreneur Olabisi Akanbi.
In May 2021, After spending a year with the label, Dotman returned to the role of a CEO pushing his craft forward with his record label.

## Discography
### Releases

* 2015 "Yes Melo"
* 2015 "Blessing"
* 2015 "Fine Girl"
* 2015 "Kilowade"
* 2015 "Orimi"
* 2015 "Yes Melo (Remix) Ft. Olamide"
* 2016 "Akube"
* 2016 "Respek" (Collaboration: DJ Kaywise featuring Dotman)
* 2017 "Escobar Ft. Davido"
* 2017 "My Woman"
* 2017 "Do Proper" (Collaboration: Ike Chuks featuring Dotman)
* 2017 ″Afro Girl″ (Collaboration: Dotman featuring Mr Eazi)
* 2017 "I Want You" (Collaboration: DJ Moh Green featuring Dotman)
* 2017 "Popping Bottles"
* 2018 "Iyawo"
* 2018 "Rara"
* 2018 "Pepesu" (Collaboration: Dotman featuring DJ Tunez)
* 2018 "Owo" (Collaboration: Dotman and Wolfgang featuring DJ Memphis)
* 2018 "Omoge" (Collaboration: Spinall featuring Dotman)
* 2018 "Flyaway" (Collaboration: MKO featuring Dotman)
* 2018 "Nomali"
* 2019 "Best Behaviour"
* 2019 "Frenemies"
* 2019 "Naija (Say No To Xenophobia)"
* 2019 "Awe"
* 2019 "Till I Die"
* 2020 "Pariwo" (Collaboration: DJ_XCLUSIVE featuring Dotman)
* 2020 "These Days"
* 2020 "Enugbe"
* 2020 "Feelings"
* 2020 "Duro"
* 2020 "Giveaway"
* 2021 ''Hakuna Matata Album"
* 2021 “Drunk In Love” (Collaboration: Dotman x DJ Neptune
* 2022 “Vibes and Chill” (Collaboration: with EL_(rapper)
* 2022 "Daddy Duties"
* 2022 "Say No More" (Collaboration: with Peruzzi_(singer)
# Phalarotortrix

Phalarotortrix is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae. Both species in the genus were originally described in Cnephasia.

## Species

* Phalarotortrix phalarocosma (Meyrick, 1937)
* Phalarotortrix ergastularis (Meyrick, 1911)
# Lu Xueshan

Lu Xueshan (Chinese: 陆学善; September 21, 1905 – May 20, 1981) was a Chinese physicist, who was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
# First Ion C. Brătianu cabinet

The first cabinet of Ion C. Brătianu ruled Romania from 24 July 1876 to 24 November 1878.

## Ministers

The ministers of the cabinet were as follows:
* President of the Council of Ministers:
   * Ion C. Brătianu (24 July 1876 – 24 November 1878)
* Minister of the Interior:
   * George Vernescu (24 July 1876 - 27 January 1877)
   * Ion C. Brătianu (27 January 1877 - 26 March 1878)
   * Constantin A. Rosetti (26 March - 17 November 1878)
   * (interim) Mihail Kogălniceanu (17 - 24 November 1878)
* Minister of Foreign Affairs:
   * Nicolae Ionescu (24 July 1876 - 25 March 1877)
   * (interim) Ion Câmpineanu (25 March - 3 April 1877)
   * Mihail Kogălniceanu (3 April 1877 - 24 November 1878)
* Minister of Finance:
   * Ion C. Brătianu (24 July 1876 - 27 January 1877)
   * Dimitrie A. Sturdza (27 January - 21 February 1877)
   * (interim) Ion C. Brătianu (21 February - 20 August 1877)
   * (interim) Ion Câmpineanu (20 August - 23 September 1877)
   * Ion Câmpineanu (23 September 1877 - 24 November 1878)
* Minister of Justice:
   * Eugeniu Stătescu (24 July 1876 - 27 January 1877)
   * ion Câmpineanu (27 January - 23 September 1877)
   * Eugeniu Stătescu (23 September 1877 - 24 November 1878)
* Minister of War:
   * Col. Gheorghe Slăniceanu (24 July 1876 - 2 April 1877)
   * Col. Alexandru Cernat (2 April - 20 August 1877)
   * (interim) Ion C. Brătianu (20 August 1877 - 17 March 1878)
   * Gen. Alexandru Cernat (17 March - 24 November 1878)
* Minister of Religious Affairs and Public Instruction:
   * Gheorghe Chițu (24 July 1876 - 31 October 1878)
   * (interim) Ion C. Brătianu (31 October - 24 November 1878)
* Minister of Public Works:
   * Dimitrie A. Sturdza (24 July 1876 - 5 January 1877)
   * (interim) George Vernescu (5 - 27 January 1877)
   * Ioan Docan (27 January - 21 August 1877)
   * Petre S. Aurelian (21 August 1877 - 26 March 1878)
   * (interim) Ion C. Brătianu (26 March 1878 - 24 November 1878)