OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nur al-Din Ali ibn Da'ud al-Jawhari al-Sayrafi

Nūr al-Dīn 'Alī ibn Dā'ūd al-Jawharī al-Sayrafī,$^{:5}$ whose name is variously shortened to al-Jawhari$^{:133}$ or al-Sayrafi,$^{:5}$ was a 15th-century Egyptian author and copyist who lived from 1416 to about 1495.$^{:5}$ He came from a modest background - his father was a money changer in the Mamluk bureaucracy.$^{:6}$ He was a student of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, who encouraged him to take up writing.$^{:6}$ Ali's works are the earliest examples of the late-15th-century "Cairo narrative style", which combined formal styles with colloquialisms.$^{:6}$ However, he was never successful as a writer and turned to manuscript copying in order to earn a living; he also worked as a money changer like his father in Cairo's jewellery market (hence the epithet "al-Jawhari").$^{:133–4}$ He made and sold copies of al-Asqalani's works, with his own commentaries included as appendices.$^{:6}$ Ali wanted to be appointed to a senior position as a Hanafi judge, but the closest he ever got was a deputy judgeship with few responsibilities.$^{:6}$ This happened when he was 50 (so, about 1466) and was gotten "at a colleague's behest".$^{:6}$ The only source for Ali's biographical information is a "vitriolic" obituary by al-Sakhawi.$^{:134}$ Al-Sakhawi dismissed Ali's colloquial writing style as "unsophisticated" and remarked that "nothing but his personal appearance distinguished him from the populace";$^{:134}$ he considered Ali's commentary on al-Asqalani "a blight on the great sage's treatises".$^{:6}$
Ali's own output as an author consisted of two works on history.$^{:6}$ The first, Nuzhat al-Nufūs wa'l-Abdān fī Tawārīkh al-Zamān ("A Diversion Spiritual and Corporeal in the Annals of Time"), was an account of Egyptian politics from 1384 (786 AH) to 1475 (879 AH).$^{:6}$ None of this work is original material, and it is entirely copied, rewritten, and synthesized from al-Maqrizi's Kitāb al-Sulūk and Ibn al-Furat's Tārīkh al-Duwal (although he only explicitly cites the former as a source).$^{:134–5}$ He does introduce some new details to some episodes which are not found in his sources - for example, adding that prisoners being beaten with clubs were stripped naked first, or adding that exiles were accompanied by an escort.$^{:135–6}$ These may simply be cases of artistic license, or they may be Ali's inferences based on what was typical practice at the time (i.e. maybe it was normal for prisoners to be stripped naked before beatings, or for exiles to be accompanied by an escort, even if Ali's sources never explicitly mentioned this).$^{:135–6}$
The second work, Inbā' al-Haṣr fī Abnā' al-'Aṣr ("Informing the Lion about Scions of the Age"), was a panegyric chronicle of the reign of Qaitbay.$^{:6}$ Ali apparently intended to present this work to the sultan as a gift and thus find favor at court, but it's unknown if he ever finished it because only fragments survive.$^{:6}$ The surviving part is extremely detailed and covers the years 873-877 AH (1468-1473 CE), with parts from 885-86 AH (1480-81 CE) attached.$^{:6}$
# Chua Soo Bin

Chua Soo Bin, also spelt Chua Soo-Bin, (Chinese:蔡斯民; born 1932) is a Singaporean fine-art photographer and recipient of the Cultural Medallion in 1989. Chua was described by The Straits Times as "one of the most sought-after commercial photographers" in Singapore.

## Early life

Chua was born 1932 in Singapore. He is the oldest of six children. His father worked at a factory, and his mother was a dressmaker. Chua attended Chong Zhen Primary School, and did not pursue further academic education. He studied art at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts.

## Career

Chua started his career as a photographer in 1950. As an amateur photographer working for an agency, Chua was cited as "the youngest cameraman in Malaya to be awarded the degree of A.R.P.S [Associate of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain]". Chua turned professional in 1972. He served as a judge for the 7th Open Photographic Exhibition organised by the Singapore Art Society, as well as the 40th Singapore International Salon of Photography. His photographs have been showcased in Britain, China and Singapore. In 1990, Chua established the Soo Bin Art Gallery, which displays artworks by contemporary Chinese artists; he is credited with introducing Chinese contemporary art to Singapore. Its paintings fetching tens of thousands of dollars, Soo Bin Art Gallery moved from Halifax Road to Hill Street in August 2000. Chua is the Singapore Gallery Association's Chairperson.

## Personal life

Around 1989, Chua experienced a stroke, which he recovered from quickly. He is married to Choo Hsien (née Liew). They have three children – Cher Wei, Cher Tzoen, and Cher Him. He is the owner of two country houses in Chengdu, China, as well as five warehouses in Singapore. Chua is an avid collector, owning more than twenty luxury watches in addition to around a hundred bottles of wine.
# Michael Scott (sports administrator)

Michael Scott (born 9 February 1956) is a leading Australian sports administrator. He was the inaugural Director of the New South Wales Institute of Sport and the sixth Director of the Australian Institute of Sport. In September 2017, he was appointed chief executive officer of High Performance Sport New Zealand.

## Personal

He was born on 9 February 1956 in Melbourne, Victoria. He has a Master of Science in Physical Education, Eastern Kentucky University. His son is Gavin Scott, born in 1993. He has just completed his Honours year at the University of Melbourne. His daughter, Tara Scott, was born 14 August 1996. Tara has battled type one diabetes since she was 11 years old.

## Sporting career

Scott was a swimming and surf life saving representative for Victoria. His first job in sport was as Head Coach of the Women's Swimming Team Miami University of Ohio. From 1991 to 1994, he was Director of Sport and Recreation Victoria. From 1994 to 1997, he was the Chief Executive of South Australian Department of Sport and Recreation. In 1997, he was appointed the inaugural Director of the New South Wales Institute of Sport. In 2001, he was appointed the sixth Director of the Australian Institute of Sport, a position which he held until 2005. From 2005 to 2007, he was the chief executive officer for the 2007 World Aquatics Championships. In 2008, he was appointed National Performance director for British Swimming. He resigned from the position in November 2012 after a review required him to work full-time in Great Britain. Whilst holding the position, he split his time between Australia and Great Britain. In April 2013, he was appointed Director of High Performance at Swimming Australia. In February 2015, he accepted the position of CEO of Rowing Australia. In September 2017, he was appointed chief executive officer of High Performance Sport New Zealand.
Other sports administration positions held by Scott include: Chairman of the National Elite Sports Council (1999), Board Member of the Victorian Institute of Sport (1993–1994) and Team Manager of the Australian Paralympic Swim Team at the 2000 Sydney Paralympics.

## Recognition

* 1999 - Sports Federation of New South Wales Sports Administrator of the Year Award
* 2000 - Sport Industry Australia's Sport's Great Achiever Award
* 2000 - Australian Sports Medal
# Repacholi

Repacholi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Daniel Repacholi (born 1982), Australian sport shooter and politician
* Michael Repacholi (born 1944), Australian biophysicist and radiation protection expert
# Gildredge House Free School

Gildredge House Free School is a mixed free school located in Eastbourne, East Sussex, England. It opened in 2013 and caters for students aged 4–19 years. It is located on a former National Health Service site, which was vacated in 2012.
The school opened its sixth form in 2015 and is one of only a handful A Level providers in the town. At A Level students can study a variety of subjects from each faculty. Within mathematics and economics students can study mathematics, further mathematics and economics. Within science they can study biology, chemistry and physics. Within languages they can study Spanish, German, French and classical civilisation. Within humanities they can study psychology, philosophy, history, politics, sociology, geography and EPQ. Students can also study English and physical education.

## Ofsted

In June 2015, the school had its first Ofsted inspection, when the school was adjudged to be "Outstanding". The inspectors noted that the school was an exceptional learning environment. In November 2018 this had declined to "Good" with inspectors observing that "Not enough pupils make good progress from their starting points.The most able pupils do not achieve as well as they should. Disadvantaged pupils do not consistently make strong enough progress to catch up with their peers."
# Graffiti Blasters

Graffiti Blasters is a program to eliminate graffiti, street art and gang-related vandalism in Chicago, Illinois. The program is structured as a privately owned business based in the city government. It uses soluble abrasives (baking soda combined with high pressure water) and paints matching the city's official color scheme to erase all varieties of graffiti.

## History

Mayor Richard M. Daley started the initiative in 1993. Since then it has run at a cost of about $4 million a year, rising to $7.8 million in 2008 and $9 million in 2010 The scheme promises free cleanup within 24 hours of a phone call to 3-1-1. Prior to the program's inception, the city considered itself responsible for removing graffiti if it was on city property, but private property owners had to shoulder the cleanup costs for graffiti on their own property.
In May 2009, on the instructions of Alderman Jim Balcer, Graffiti Blasters painted over a commissioned mural by artist Gabriel Villa on private property without the permission of the artist or property owner. A spokesman with the ACLU of Illinois said Balcer acted illegally, saying "He was elected to be an alderman. He was not elected to be the art critic of the ward."

## Gallery

* Graffiti covered by the Graffiti Blasters' typical brown paint.
* An ironic example of Chicago sticker graffiti condemning the Graffiti Blasters and Mayor Daley
* An image of woodblock graffiti that had been painted over by the Chicago Graffiti Blasters and then covered with sticker art.
# Shoshenq A

Shoshenq A, sometimes also called Shoshenq the Elder, was a Great Chief of the Ma during the 21st Dynasty of ancient Egypt. He is mainly known for being an ancestor of the 22nd Dynasty pharaohs.

## Biography

His wife was the King's mother Mehtenweshkhet A, who is actually better attested on monuments than her husband; thanks to those monuments and to the genealogy reported on the stela of Pasenhor, it was possible to determine some information about Shoshenq's family ties.
He was son of the Great Chief of the Ma Paihuty; Shoshenq A and Mehtenweshkhet A had at least two children, the 21st Dynasty pharaoh Osorkon the Elder, and the Great Chief of the Ma Nimlot A, himself the father of the future founder of the 22nd Dynasty, pharaoh Shoshenq I, who therefore was a grandson of Shoshenq A.
# Eugene Payne

Eugene Gray Payne (January 29, 1919 – October 14, 2010) was a Pulitzer Prize winning American political cartoonist and writer. He attended Syracuse University on an art scholarship. After college he served in the Army Air Forces as a weather scout.
In 1958 Payne began working for The Charlotte Observer as their first cartoonist. He was their full time cartoonist from 1960–1971. Publisher Rolfe Neil said Payne "Had a loyal following of readers, particularly people interested in local issues and local government." He won the 1967 Sigma Delta Chi Award for a cartoon of President Lyndon B Johnson on a bus holding a crying baby labeled "Vietnam War" while the bus driver said "Dr. King says, would you please move to the back of the bus". The cartoon implied that the Vietnam War was secondary to civil rights issues in America. In 1968 Payne won the Pulitzer Prize for a group of ten cartoons that focused on the Vietnam War and Civil Rights Issues.
One of Payne's most famous cartoons was the one he drew in 1965 marking the death of Winston Churchill. It showed Churchill in a hat with a big cigar rising above the earth with his right hand forming a "V" for victory. The Charlotte Observer sold more than 8,000 reprints of the cartoon.
After an eleven year stint with the Charlotte Observer Payne went to work at WSOC-TV as an editorial cartoonist. Until 1978 he drew cartoons, wrote and directed documentaries for the station. In 1978 he returned to the Charlotte Observer where he drew four cartoons per week. As he grew older that number decreased to one cartoon a week. His last cartoon was published in 2009. Payne died in 2010 at the age of 91.
# O26

O26 or O-26 may refer to:
* O26 (text editor), used on Control Data Corporation (CDC) operator consoles
* Curtiss O-26, an observation aircraft of the United States Army Air Corps
* HNLMS O 26, a submarine of the Royal Netherlands Navy
* Lone Pine Airport, in Inyo County, California, United States
* Oxygen-26, an isotope of oxygen
# Onykia ingens

Onykia ingens, the greater hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It occurs worldwide in subantarctic oceans.
Although O. ingens was long attributed to the genus Moroteuthis, several authors have recently agreed that Moroteuthis is a junior synonym of Onykia.

## Size and growth

The size of a fully grown O. ingens, inclusive of tentacles, is currently unknown. Many estimates, however, predict that the mantle may reach lengths of up to 94 cm (37 in). Research has found that egg sizes of the squid average 2.1 mm inside mature females, while juveniles average 4.6 mm or larger. Juveniles are presumed to live near the surface, until they reach a mantle length of approximately 200 mm, at which time they relocate to deeper water, and larger prey. O. ingens exhibit sexual dimorphism, with females growing linearly twice as fast as males, and reaching a fully mature size of more than five times that of male counterparts.
Penis elongation has been observed in this species; when erect, the penis may be as long as the mantle, head and arms combined. As such, deep water squid like M. ingens have the greatest known penis length relative to body size of all mobile animals, second in the entire animal kingdom only to certain sessile barnacles.

## Ecology

It is generally accepted that there are large dietary variations between large and small O. ingens. One of the most common findings is that juvenile squid (>200 mm ML) consume a greater percentage of crustaceans and cephalopods compared to their size than mature squid, which consume a large percentage of fish and virtually no crustaceans. Globally, however, myctophid fish (lantern fish) are seen as common prey. Larger squid are known to practice cannibalism (accounting for up to 6% of diet).
O. ingens, as with many (if not all) large squid, has a number of predators. These include the patagonian toothfish, king penguin, wandering albatross, pilot whale, bottlenose whale, dwarf sperm whale, sperm whale, and other types of squid. Other predators include Antarctic and Subantarctic fur seals.
* Tentacular club of Onykia ingens
* Piece of ventral mantle skin
* Gladius with cross-sections
# Retrospect

Retrospect may refer to:

## Television

* Retrospect (Star Trek: Voyager), a 1998 episode of Star Trek: Voyager

## Music

* Retrospect, a composition by Tage Nielsen (1929-2003)
* Retrospect, a piano composition by Alfred Hill (composer) (1870-1960)
* Retrospect, a hymn tune by William Billings (1746-1800)
* Retrospect Ensemble, a period-instrument orchestra and choir

### Albums

* Retrospect (Epica album)
* Retrospect (Sevendust album)
* Retrospect, an album by Aztec Camera
* Retrospect, an album by Joe South
* Retrospect, an album by Kenneth Pattengale & Joey Ryan

## Computing and gaming

* Retrospect (software), a family of client-server backup software applications
# Gh-link

gh-link is GhIPSS’ interbank switching and processing system which interconnects financial institutions and systems of third party payment service providers. gh-link is a local electronic payment ecosystem based on the domestic ATM card with channels such as ATM, POS and Web.
gh-link provides the following services:

## Services

* Interbank Switching and Processing: As a result of its position as the central switch interconnecting financial institutions and third parties, gh-link switches, clears all interbank transactions and facilitates net settlement in Bank of Ghana RTGS
* Payment Gateway Services: gh-link provides web acquiring services to local online merchants for domestic ATM cards. This package comes with a merchant plug-in for enforcement of 3D secure authentication.
* 3D Secure Services: gh-link provides gh-secure- its 3D secure platform- for all domestic card issuers as a second layer cardholder security for online payments.
* Instant Interbank Transfer Service – GhIPSS INSTANT PAY (GIP): GhIPSS Instant Pay (GIP) allows payments to be sent across financial institutions electronically from one bank account to the other as a single immediate payment; from channels such as internet banking, mobile, ATM, POS or Teller system.
* Hosting Services: The gh-link hosting platform has a multi-institution feature which enables it to host several financial institutions uniquely and independently on the same system. gh-link hosting services provides, issuing and acquiring (Terminal Driving - ATM / POS) services
* Settlement Services: Aside its interbank settlement function for all its shared services, GhIPSS also provides reliable and efficient interbank settlement of financial transactions conducted by third party payment schemes such as MNO mobile money which involve payment exchanges between their scheme member financial institutions.
gh-link was launched on 21 November 2012.
# The Bobs (roller coaster)

The Bobs was a wooden roller coaster located at Riverview Park in Chicago, Illinois. It was built in 1924 and was demolished with the rest of the park in 1967. The Bobs was built by Prior and Church and designed by Fred Church. According to professional review of the blueprints the Bobs had a maximum height of 64.75 feet (19.74 m), a drop of 59.58 feet (18.16 m), and reached speeds of up to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h).
A modernized version called Raging Wolf Bobs was located at the now defunct Geauga Lake in Aurora, Ohio, though it was not considered as intense as the original. A rollback accident that occurred on the ride resulted in a season-long closure. The Bobs was immortalized in American humorist Jean Shepherd's broadcast on August 26, 1967.
# SPAC

SPAC primarily refers to a special-purpose acquisition company, a method of taking a company public by merging it with an already public investment company.
SPAC may also refer to:
* São Paulo Athletic Club
* Saratoga Performing Arts Center, Saratoga Springs, New York
* Shaw Performing Arts Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
* Shizuoka Performing Arts Center, Shizuoka, Japan
* Soil plant atmosphere continuum
* Spaç Prison, former prison in Albania
# Bzyb

Bzyb, Bzyp, Bzyph or Bziphi may refer to the following entities in Abkhazia, Georgia:
* Bzyb (region), a historical region of Abkhazia
* Bzyb (village)
* Bzyb Abkhaz, a sub-group of the Abkhaz people
* Bzyb dialect, a dialect of the Abkhaz language
* Bzyb Range, a mountain range bounded by the Bzyb river
* Bzyb River, a river in the region
* Church of Bzyb, a church in the Bzyb village
# Saint-Nabord

Saint-Nabord (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France. Saint-Nabord station has rail connections to Épinal, Remiremont and Nancy.
# Edith Franklin Wyatt

Edith Franklin Wyatt (September 14, 1873 – October 26, 1958) was an American writer.
Edith Franklin Wyatt was born on September 14, 1873, in Tomah, Wisconsin. Her family moved to Chicago when she was young. She attended Miss Rice's Higher School for Girls, in Chicago, and studied at Bryn Mawr College from 1892 to 1894. In Chicago, she taught at Hull House. She died on October 26, 1958, in Chicago.

## Works

Archives at :
How to use archival material :
* Every One His Own Way (1901)
* True Love (1903)
* The Whole Family (collaborative novel, 1908)
* Making Both Ends Meet: The Income and Outlay of New York Working Girls (with Sue Ainslie Clark, 1911)
* Great Companions (1917)
* Wyatt, Edith (1917). The Wind in the Corn and Other Poems. New York: D. Appleton & Company. OCLC 1158379612.
* The Invisible Gods (1923)
* The Satyr's Children: A Fable (1939)
# Charles Kenny McClatchy

Charles Kenny McClatchy, better known as C. K. McClatchy (November 1, 1858 – April 27, 1936), was the editor of The Sacramento Bee and a founder of McClatchy Newspapers, the family-owned company that was forerunner to The McClatchy Company.
McClatchy attended Santa Clara University, where he earned a Masters of Arts in 1901. He took over the Sacramento paper upon the death of his father, James McClatchy, in 1883 and led it into the 20th century, continuing the newspaper's battles for labor rights; against the abuses of big mining, the railroads, and corrupt government; and fiercely defending a publication's right to editorial freedom. He was instrumental in the founding of The Fresno Bee in 1922 and the establishment of The Modesto Bee with its purchase in 1924. McClatchy also owned KFBK (AM), an AM radio station in Sacramento.
His son, Carlos, who had been groomed to take over the business, died in 1933; McClatchy then turned to his daughter, Eleanor, who after his death became president of the McClatchy Company and led it for the next forty years. Carlos's son, known as C. K. McClatchy (like his grandfather) served as president of McClatchy Newspapers between 1979 and 1989.
C.K. McClatchy High School in Sacramento, which opened in 1937 about a year after his death, was named in honor of McClatchy.
# Onykia loennbergii

Onykia loennbergii, the Japanese hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, named by Swedish zoologist Einar Lönnberg. It occurs in the Western Pacific Ocean, at an estimated depth of 230–1200 m. The mantle length is approximately 300 mm. Each tentacular club contains 25 hooks. The arms are about 60% of the size of the mantle length.
# Codorniu (surname)

Codorniu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Juan Hidalgo Codorniu (1927–2018), Spanish composer, poet, and artist
* Manuel Codorniu (1788–1857), Spanish physician, educator, and politician
* Xavier Codorniu (born 1946), Spanish politician
# Pomatophora

Pomatophora is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Pomatophora cudonis Diakonoff, 1973
# Gina (Canaan)

Gina, mentioned in the Amarna Letters, was a town in ancient Canaan. The citizens of Gina were responsible for the death of Labaya. The town was later known as Beth-Hagan and was probably located roughly on the spot of the modern town of Jenin.

## History

Amarna letter 250 records the only mention of Gina. It explains (in passing) the recent killing of Labaya and the resultant of dealing with his two sons.
An excerpt of the mostly complete 60-line letter:
   And the two sons of Lab'ayu keep talking to me like this, (saying): "Wage war against the 'people of [G]ina' for having killed our father. And if you do not wage war, then we will be your enemies." I have answered the two of them, "May the god of the king, my lord, preserve me from waging war against the 'pe[op]le of [G]ina,' servants of the king, my lord." May it seem rig[ht] in the sight of the king, my lord, and may he sen[d] one of his magnates to Biryawaza-(of Damascus) [to tel]l him, "You will ma[r]ch against the two sons of Lab'aya or [yo]u are a rebel against the king.
# Governor Cathcart

Governor Cathcart may refer to:
* Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart (1783–1859), Governor General of the Province of Canada and Lieutenant Governor of Canada West from 1845 to 1847
* George Cathcart (1794–1854), Governor of the Cape Colony from 1852 to 1853