OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pull of the recent

The Pull of the Recent (POR) describes a phenomenon in which a combination of factors causes palaeontologists to overestimate diversity towards the present day. Biased preservation and sampling in the fossil record results in past biodiversity estimates to be lower with modern taxa being considered more diverse because present biodiversity is the best sampled. However the overall impact of the POR does not seem to be as large as originally thought.

## Marine invertebrates

Sepkoski showed a global increase in marine biodiversity since the Cambrian. The cause of this, according to the Pull of the Recent, is due to favourable sampling by taphonomic processes of more recent fossils (time proportional to destruction of all geological records), as well as the ease of studying extant taxa. However, the impact of the POR has may not be as strong as previously thought and that this bias may diminishes with more detailed study. The POR was believed to distort the shape of marine invertebrate palaeodiversity significantly, with almost half of genera affected. However, further exploration of the data, for bivalves at least, showed that this was mostly the result of errors and unresolved taxonomies and that when these were corrected, the effect of the POR dwindled to 9%, and then to 5% when more recently discovered taxa were added. Analysis of Cenozoic bivalves showed 95% of living genera have fossil representatives dating back to the Pliocene.

## Fish

Researchers counted the proportion of extant elasmobranchs that have a fossil record, but also have a gap in the last 5 million years in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The findings demonstrate that the POR does not affect orders and families, but it does affect 24% of elasmobranch genera.

## Tetrapods

The fossil record of terrestrial vertebrates which include amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds, is not significantly effected by the Pull of the Recent (POR). A comprehensive study showed that the expansion of tetrapod biodiversity in the past 120 million years is a real biological pattern. The POR accounts for at most 6.1% of the increase in tetrapod family diversity and 1.3% of generic diversity. Small animals, insectivores, and birds are most affected by the POR, perhaps because of their delicate skeletons.

## Biases

It could be that the POR effects certain types of organisms more than others. Among vertebrates, all affected taxa are small to medium in size except one small family of birds, Sagittariidae and a genus of snake, Eunectes. Similarly, size is a bias of the POR for marine bivalves and for completeness of the fossil record in general. It is possible that future discoveries of new Pliocene and Pleistocene fossils may be predominantly animals with small, fragile skeletons.

## Overall impact

While undoubtedly there are gaps in the fossil record, there is no reason to believe that the POR has significantly influenced the observed palaeodiversity patterns of skeletonized organisms that have been tabulated from the tetrapod fossil record. This means that the great expansion of tetrapod diversity in the past 120 Myr is reasonably accurate.
# Rockity Roll

Rockity Roll was the third solo recording released by Mike Doughty after the breakup of his former band, Soul Coughing. It is a six-song EP which he recorded in New York City over two days in May 2003 at Pat Dillett's tiny, windowless cubby at Kampo studios.
Everything on the record was recorded by Doughty: vocal, acoustic guitar, and programming done on a lo-fi Roland Groovebox.
The self-released version of Rockity Roll is out of print; it is currently available (with bonus tracks) as part of the Skittish / Rockity Roll two disc re-release.

## Track listing

All songs written and performed by Mike Doughty.
* "Ways + Means" – 3:06
* "27 Jennifers" – 2:49
* "Down on the River by the Sugar Plant" – 3:07
* "40 Grand in the Hole" – 2:15
* "Ossining" – 2:37
* "Cash Cow" – 3:22
# Rod group

In mathematics, a rod group is a three-dimensional line group whose point group is one of the axial crystallographic point groups. This constraint means that the point group must be the symmetry of some three-dimensional lattice.
Table of the 75 rod groups, organized by crystal system or lattice type, and by their point groups:
Triclinic :
| 1 | p1 | 2 | p1 |
| Monoclinic/inclined ||||||||||
| 3 | p211 | 4 | pm11 | 5 | pc11 | 6 | p2/m11 | 7 | p2/c11 |
| Monoclinic/orthogonal ||||||||||
| 8 | p112 | 9 | p112$_1$ | 10 | p11m | 11 | p112/m | 12 | p112$_1$/m |
| Orthorhombic ||||||||||
| 13 | p222 | 14 | p222$_1$ | 15 | pmm2 | 16 | pcc2 | 17 | pmc2$_1$ |
| 18 | p2mm | 19 | p2cm | 20 | pmmm | 21 | pccm | 22 | pmcm |
| Tetragonal ||||||||||
| 23 | p4 | 24 | p4$_1$ | 25 | p4$_2$ | 26 | p4$_3$ | 27 | p4 |
| 28 | p4/m | 29 | p4$_2$/m | 30 | p422 | 31 | p4$_1$22 | 32 | p4$_2$22 |
| 33 | p4$_3$22 | 34 | p4mm | 35 | p4$_2$cm, p4$_2$mc | 36 | p4cc | 37 | p42m, p4m2 |
| 38 | p42c, p4c2 | 39 | p4/mmm | 40 | p4/mcc | 41 | p4$_2$/mmc, p4$_2$/mcm |
| Trigonal ||||||||||
| 42 | p3 | 43 | p3$_1$ | 44 | p3$_2$ | 45 | p3 | 46 | p312, p321 |
| 47 | p3$_1$12, p3$_1$21 | 48 | p3$_2$12, p3$_2$21 | 49 | p3m1, p31m | 50 | p3c1, p31c | 51 | p3m1, p31m |
| 52 | p3c1, p31c |
| Hexagonal ||||||||||
| 53 | p6 | 54 | p6$_1$ | 55 | p6$_2$ | 56 | p6$_3$ | 57 | p6$_4$ |
| 58 | p6$_5$ | 59 | p6 | 60 | p6/m | 61 | p6$_3$/m | 62 | p622 |
| 63 | p6$_1$22 | 64 | p6$_2$22 | 65 | p6$_3$22 | 66 | p6$_4$22 | 67 | p6$_5$22 |
| 68 | p6mm | 69 | p6cc | 70 | p6$_3$mc, p6$_3$cm | 71 | p6m2, p62m | 72 | p6c2, p62c |
| 73 | p6/mmm | 74 | p6/mcc | 75 | p6$_3$/mmc, p6$_3$/mcm |
The double entries are for orientation variants of a group relative to the perpendicular-directions lattice.
Among these groups, there are 8 enantiomorphic pairs.
# Pupatonia magellanica

Pupatonia magellanica is a species in the genus Pupatonia.
# Pupella Maggio

Pupella Maggio (born Giustina Maria Maggio; 24 April 1910 – 8 December 1999) was an Italian film actress.

## Life and career

Born in Naples into a family of actors, Maggio debuted on stage aged twelve years old, as the sidekick of her brother Beniamino. She later worked with several companies, including the ones led by Rina Morelli and by Eduardo De Filippo, where after the death of Titina De Filippo she inherited most of her roles.
She settled in Todi, where she continued to deal with cinema. She was the mother, now elderly, of the main character in Giuseppe Tornatore's 1988 Oscar-winning film Nuovo Cinema Paradiso . In 1997, she wrote and published her first and only novel, the autobiographical Poca luce in tanto spazio (A Little Light in a Lot of Space) edited by Carlo Grassetti. Maggio also appeared in several films, winning the Nastro d'Argento Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Luigi Zampa's Be Sick... It's Free.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1947 | Bullet for Stefano | Marta | |
| 1947 | Lost in the Dark | | |
| 1954 | The Doctor of the Mad | | |
| 1958 | Mogli pericolose | Aurelia Bertuetti a.k.a. "Lolita" | |
| 1958 | Serenatella sciuè sciuè | Tina Paradiso | |
| 1958 | Il terribile Teodoro | | |
| 1959 | La Fortuna Con L'effe Maiuscola | | |
| 1959 | La duchessa di Santa Lucia | | |
| 1959 | Il terrore dell'Oklahoma | | |
| 1959 | Sogno di una notte di mezza sbornia | Filumena | |
| 1960 | Anônimas Cocottes | | |
| 1960 | Mariti in pericolo | Lucia | |
| 1960 | Two Women | Peasant | |
| 1960 | Caravan petrol | | |
| 1960 | A Qualcuna Piace Calvo | Marcella's Mother | |
| 1962 | The Four Days of Naples | Arturo's Mother | Uncredited |
| 1966 | The Bible: In the Beginning... | Noah's Wife | |
| 1968 | Be Sick... It's Free | Mrs. Antonietta Parisi | |
| 1971 | Il Prof. Dott. Guido Tersilli | Antonietta Parisi | |
| 1972 | The Valachi Papers | Letizia Reina | |
| 1973 | Amarcord | Miranda Biondi | |
| 1981 | Lacrime napulitane | | |
| 1988 | Cinema Paradiso | Maria (old) | |
| 1988 | Days of Inspector Ambrosio | Rosa Cuomo | |
| 1990 | Sabato, domenica e lunedì | Zia Memé | |
| 2002 | Fate come noi | Giustina | (final film role) |
# Dichromia thermesialis

Dichromia thermesialis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, China, Sumatra, Borneo and New Guinea.
# Pure tone

In psychoacoustics, a pure tone is a sound with a sinusoidal waveform; that is, a sine wave of constant frequency, phase-shift, and amplitude. By extension, in signal processing a single-frequency tone or pure tone is a purely sinusoidal signal (e.g., a voltage). A pure tone has the property – unique among real-valued wave shapes – that its wave shape is unchanged by linear time-invariant systems; that is, only the phase and amplitude change between such a system's pure-tone input and its output.
Sine and cosine waves can be used as basic building blocks of more complex waves. As additional sine waves having different frequencies are combined, the waveform transforms from a sinusoidal shape into a more complex shape. When considered as part of a whole spectrum, a pure tone may also be called a spectral component.
In clinical audiology, pure tones are used for pure-tone audiometry to characterize hearing thresholds at different frequencies. Sound localization is often more difficult with pure tones than with other sounds.

## Relation to pitch and musical tones

Pure tones have been used by 19th century physicists like Georg Ohm and Hermann von Helmholtz to support theories asserting that the ear functions in a way equivalent to a Fourier frequency analysis. In Ohm's acoustic law, later further elaborated by Helmholtz, musical tones are perceived as a set of pure tones. The percept of pitch depends on the frequency of the most prominent tone, and the phases of the individual components is discarded. This theory has often been blamed for creating a confusion between pitch, frequency and pure tones.
Unlike musical tones that are composed of the sum of a number of harmonically related sinusoidal components, pure tones only contain one such sinusoidal waveform. When presented in isolation, and when its frequency pertains to a certain range, pure tones give rise to a single pitch percept, which can be characterized by its frequency. In this situation, the instantaneous phase of the pure tone varies linearly with time. If a pure tone gives rise to a constant, steady-state percept, then it can be concluded that its phase does not influence this percept. However, when multiple pure tones are presented at once, like in musical tones, their relative phase plays a role in the resulting percept. In such a situation, the perceived pitch is not determined by the frequency of any individual component, but by the frequency relationship between these components (see missing fundamental).
* Pure tone oscillogram of middle C (262 Hz). (Scale: 1 square is equal to 1 millisecond)
* Pure tone for C3, an octave below middle C. The frequency is half that of middle C (131 Hz).
* Pure tone oscillogram of C5, an octave above middle C. The frequency is twice that of middle C (523 Hz).
# Diané Mariam Koné

Diané Mariam Koné (born 26 August 1953 in Ségou) is a Malian politician. She was a Minister of Livestock and Fisheries from December 2012 to September 2013. She was previously Director of the Center for Practical Training in Livestock (1991-1994), Coordinator of the Support Project for the Advancement of Women (1997-2001), and Director of the National Center for Documentation and Information on Women and the Child (2004 to 2010).
She is a biologist, and also studied the Management of Development Projects at the University of Pittsburgh.
# Roel Braas

Roel Braas (born 11 March 1987) is a Dutch rower. He competed in the Men's eight event at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He competed in the Men's coxless pair event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Roch La Salle

Roch La Salle PC (August 6, 1928 – August 20, 2007) was a Canadian politician from the province of Quebec. He represented the riding of Joliette in the House of Commons of Canada for 20 years. A popular figure, he was re-elected six times during his tenure.
Born in St-Paul, La Salle had a career in public relations and sales when he first attempted to win a parliamentary seat as a Progressive Conservative in the 1965 federal election, running in Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm. He was defeated, but won on his next attempt in the renamed riding of Joliette in the 1968 election. He was one of only a handful of Quebec Tory members in that Parliament.
La Salle quit the party in 1971 to protest Tory leader Robert Stanfield's rejection of the concept that Canada was composed of "two nations" (deux nations) and that Quebec had the right to self-determination. He was re-elected as an independent candidate in the 1972 election with the support of the separatist Parti Québécois. He returned to the Tory caucus in early 1974.
Along with Heward Grafftey, he was one of only two Tory MPs elected from Quebec in the 1979 election that brought the Conservatives to power under Joe Clark. La Salle served as Minister of Supply and Services in the short-lived (1979–80) Clark government.
La Salle was the only Quebec Tory MP returned in the 1980 election, only surviving in his own riding by 389 votes. In early 1981, he resigned his seat in order to move to provincial politics and take the leadership of the Union Nationale (UN) political party prior to the 1981 Quebec provincial election. La Salle chose not run in his home town of Joliette because the riding was then represented by an old friend of his, Guy Chevrette, a member of the PQ and Party Whip. Instead, he ran in the neighbouring riding of Berthier. The Union Nationale lost all five of its remaining seats as the PQ won a crushing victory. He then ran in a by-election that was called later that year to fill the vacancy his resignation had created, and won handily.
When the Tories again formed government after the 1984 election, this time under Brian Mulroney, La Salle became Minister of Public Works. He resigned from Cabinet in 1987 after being charged with accepting a bribe and influence peddling. He denied any wrongdoing, but did not run in the 1988 election. The criminal case against him was eventually dropped.
La Salle died on 20 August 2007 in a hospital in Saint-Charles-Borromée. He was 79 years of age.
Former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney said in a statement that he was saddened to hear of La Salle's death, calling him an example of a politician who was close to the people in his riding.
# Roch Le Baillif

Roch Le Baillif, Sieur de la Riviere (1540 in Falaise (Calvados) – 1598) was a French physician, influenced by Paracelsianism. He was prosecuted for practicing medicine contrary to the official teaching of the Sorbonne.

## Works

* Le Brief Discours sur la signification veridique du Comette apparu en Occident au signe du Sagittaire. Rennes: Jean le gascon, en 1577.
* Le Demosterion de Roch le Baillif , edelphe medecin spagiric, auquel sont contenuz trois cens Aphorismes latins et français. Sommaire véritable de la médecine Paracelsique, extraicte de luy en la plus part par ledict Baillif. Rennes: Piere Le Bret, 1578.
* Responsio ad quæstiones propositas a Medicis Parisiensis. Paris, 1579.
* Sommaire traicté apologic en forme de Defence de Roc Le Baillif Sieur de La Rivière Conseiller et Medecin Ordinaire du Roy et de Monseigneur Duc de Mercœur, aux demandes des docteurs, et Faculté de médecine de Paris. Paris: Abel l’Angelier, 1579.
* Traicté du remede à la peste, charbon et pleuresie, et du moyen de cognoistre quel Element les excite, et les hommes qui pour le temps y sont assbjettiz. Paris: Abel l’Angelier, 1580.
* Premier Traicté de l'homme et son essentielle anatomie avec les Elemens et ce qui est en eux. Paris: Abel l’Angelier, 1580.
* Briefve démonstration de la cause des fiebvres, varieté d’opinions, et contradiction sur icelles. Rennes: Michel Logeroys, 1591.
* Traicté de la cause de la briefve vie de plusieurs Princes Grands, et le moyen d’y pourvoir. Rennes: Michel Logeroys, 1591.
# Dictyota dichotoma

Dictyota dichotoma is a species of Brown algae found in the temperate western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean.

## Description

The thallus of Dictyota dichotoma grows in tufts and is a yellowish-brown or greenish colour, with a faint bluish iridescence when underwater. It forms membranous, flattened, dichotomously-branching fronds up to 25 cm (10 in) long and 10 mm (0.4 in) wide. These have a reticulated (net-like) structure and no midrib. The tufts are semi-erect and have little or no stalk; they are anchored to the seabed by rhizoids, filamentous outgrowths that can absorb nutrients from their surroundings. The thallus branches are strap-like, the branches being equal in length and having rounded ends. Clusters of spores develop in round or oval sori under the surface of the thallus, finally bursting through.

## Distribution and habitat

Dictyota dichotoma has a wide range, being found in the western Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Scandinavia southwards to Mauritania, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. It grows on rock substrates in well-lit areas with little water movement, and sometimes on the fronds or holdfasts of other seaweeds. It is usually found at depths down to about 30 m (100 ft), but can exceptionally occur down to 80 m (260 ft).

## Biology

Dictyota dichotoma is dioecious, reproduction taking place in the spring and summer. The sporophytes and the gametophytes are similar in morphology, and the reproductive organs appear on the thallus as small, dark-coloured spots. Gamete release is linked to the phases of the moon. This alga is an annual, the thalli are abundant in summer but degenerate by the end of the year.
As a brown alga, Dictyota dichotoma contains chlorophyll and other pigments for photosynthesis. Research has shown that it contains many secondary metabolites, with at least seventeen diterpenes having been isolated from extracts of the thallus. Also present were a range of other chemical compounds including alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, coumarins, quinones and glycosides. Saponins were not present. A methanolic extract was found to have antifungal activities against Candida albicans.
# Roger Salazar

Roger Salazar may refer to:
* Roger Salazar (consultant), media and crisis communications consultant
* Roger Aguilar Salazar, Mexican teacher and politician
* Roger Salazar (golfer), winner of the South Texas Open
* Roger Salazar, coach of the Arizona Sahuaros
# Dichomeris fulvicilia

Dichomeris fulvicilia is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found in Amazonas, Brazil.
The wingspan is 16–17 mm (0.63–0.67 in). The forewings are pale ochreous, thinly speckled with dark brown and with a rather broad ill-defined streak of dark brown suffusion beneath the middle from the base of the dorsum to the termen beneath the apex. There is a slender suffused dark brown streak along the costa from the middle to near the apex, as well as a dark fuscous terminal interrupted line or series of dots. The hindwings are grey.
# Dichomeris furvellus

Dichomeris furvellus is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Zeller in 1852. It is found in South Africa and Zimbabwe.
# Dichomeris fluitans

Dichomeris fluitans is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1920. It is found in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are light ochreous yellowish, the dorsal half suffused with brownish-ochreous and with a very small dark fuscous spot on the base of the costa. The discal stigmata are small, blackish, with an additional dot halfway between the first discal and the base. There is an apical spot of dark fuscous suffusion. The hindwings are iridescent grey.
# Rock-a-Billy (song)

"Rock-a-Billy" is a popular song by Woody Harris and Eddie V. Deane, published in 1957. The song was popularized by Guy Mitchell in 1957.

## Chart performance

Mitchell's recording (released as Columbia Records catalog number 40877) reached No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States, and No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart for one week in May 1957.

## Cover versions

* Billie Anthony also did a version of this song (Columbia Records – 45-DB 3935); album EMI presents the magic of Billie Anthony (EMI Gold – 7243 5 31996 2 3).
# Didier Lupi Second

Didier Lupi Second (c.1520-after 1559) was a French composer, likely of Italian origin, based in Lyons. In 1548 he published Chansons Spirituelles with the poet Guéroult, the first such important publication of its kind by a Protestant. It includes Susanne un jour, a composition which was arranged by many later composers. He also published collections of psalms, secular chansons and other works.

## Works

Selected works include:
* Dame qui au plaisant son
* O que je vis un estrange martyre
* Susanne un jour d'amour sollicitée
# Rogéria

Rogéria (Astolfo Barroso Pinto; Cantagalo, 25 June 1943 – Rio de Janeiro, 4 September 2017) was a Brazilian actress, make up artist and drag queen, best known for her make up artist job on now-defunct TV Rio and movie roles in A Maldição do Sanpaku, Ambitious Women, and in Mulheres no Poder [pt].

## Life

Rogéria was born in Cantagalo, part of Rio de Janeiro, the same town as another famous figure - as she declared, "In Cantagalo, the biggest queer (bicha) in Brazil was born – in this case, me – and the biggest male (macho) in Brazil, Euclides da Cunha". Since her childhood she was aware of her homosexuality. She left home in her teens, starting to work as a cross-dresser in nightclubs and make-up artist for celebrities.
Being a transformista and having a lot of charisma and good humor, she was always applauded by the public, having been a pioneer of gay rights in Brazilian television, opening doors for others. She chose not to undergo sex reassignment surgery and also did not change her baptismal name on her documents. She had lived alone in Rio de Janeiro since the 1960s.
In the 1970s she has toured Portuguese Africa (as an international debut) and Spain, then moved to France in 1973 to join the all-cross-dressing revue of Le Carrousel de Paris.
A frequent figure in Brazilian cinema, she had also participated as a judge in several variety programs, working with people such as Chacrinha and Luciano Huck.
In 2016, author Marcio Paschoal released a biography of Rogéria. The book was titled Rogéria – Uma mulher e mais um pouco.
Rogéria is depicted in the 2016 documentary film Divinas Divas, directed by Leandra Leal. She is also depicted in the 2018 documentary film Rogéria, Senhor Astolfo Barroso Pinto, directed by Pedro Gui.
Rogéria died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from sepsis caused by urinary tract infection on 4 September 2017 at the age of 74.
# Rodney Fitch

Rodney Arthur Fitch, CBE (19 August 1938 – 20 October 2014) was an English designer. He founded the design company Fitch in 1972, and rejoined it as chairman and CEO in 2004. He was appointed Commander of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1990 for his 'influence on the British Design Industry'.
Fitch died of cancer on 20 October 2014, at the age of 76.

## Background

Fitch had a successful career in design which allowed him to be active in the development of design education and the arts in the United Kingdom. At the time of his death he held the title of Senior Governor of the University of the Arts, located in London. Fitch was awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1990 for his influence on the British design industry.

## Experience

Fitch had the following experience:
* trustee of the Victoria & Albert Museum
* Chairman of V & A Enterprises
* member of the Design Council
* A member of the Council of the Royal College of Art
* President of the Designers and Art Directors Association
* President of Chartered Society of Designers
# Roger Eddy

Roger Eddy may refer to:
* Roger Eddy (luger) (born 1946), Canadian former luger
* Roger L. Eddy (born 1958), member of the Illinois House of Representatives