OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bolognino

The bolognino was a coin minted in Bologna and other cities of medieval Italy from the late 12th century to the 17th century.

## History

The coin originated in 1191, when emperor Henry VI granted the municipality of Bologna the right to mint a silver denaro. In 1236, this unit was rechristened bolognino piccolo (small bolognino), when the bolognino grosso (big bolognino) was introduced, with the value of a 12 soldi. It weighed 1.41 g of silver.
The grosso was adopted in other Italian communes and cities, such as Ravenna and Rimini, and copied by other mints, such as those of Lucca, Rome and other cities in Abruzzo and Marche. The value changed depending from the current political and economic situation. In the late 15th century Kingdom of Naples, for instance, the value of a bolognino was 18 silver denari. The initial imperial dedication was later replaced by that to Bolognese ruling families, such as the Pepoli and the Visconti. In the 16th century, when the city fell under Papal control, it showed the papal bust and the city's coat of arms.
The bolognino was no longer struck starting from the 18th century. Multiples up to 100 bolognini continued to exist, however.
A golden bolognino, introduced in 1380, had the value of 30 silver bolognini, same title and weight of the Papal ducato.
# Bologoye

Bologoye (Бологое) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Rural localities

* Bologoye, Omsk Oblast, a selo in Rozovsky Rural Okrug of Russko-Polyansky District in Omsk Oblast
* Bologoye, Pskov Oblast, a village in Novosokolnichesky District of Pskov Oblast
# Bonded by Blood (film)

Bonded by Blood is a 2010 crime film directed by Sacha Bennett and starring Tamer Hassan, Vincent Regan, and Adam Deacon. It is loosely based on the Rettendon murders in 1995.

## Premise

In 1995, drug suppliers and career criminals Tony Tucker, Patrick Tate and Craig Rolfe were murdered by shotgun fire, whilst waiting in a Range Rover in Rettendon, Essex. The film charts their rise to become the most prolific dealers and feared criminals in the south of England, maintaining their empire with fear and violence.

## Main cast

* Tamer Hassan - Pat Tate
* Robert Fucilla - DC Havers
* Vincent Regan - Mickey Steele
* Terry Stone - Tony Tucker
* Adam Deacon - Darren Nicholls
* Neil Maskell - Craig Rolfe
* Dave Legeno - Jack Whomes
* Johnny Palmiero - Bernard O`Mahoney
* Lucy Brown - Anna Richards
* Kierston Wareing - Kate Smith
* Susie Amy - Donna Jagger
* Duncan Meadows - Vic
* Alex Macqueen - Prison Governor
* Nathan Constance - Ravi
* Michael Socha - Donny Svenson
* Christopher Fosh - Officer Hartley
* Simon Phillips - Officer Tolands
* Christopher Ellison - Trent
* Rebecca Walsh - Mary
* Siobhan Hewlett - Julia
* Mel Mills - DCI

## Similar films

The films Essex Boys (2000), Rise of the Footsoldier (2007), The Fall of the Essex Boys (2013) and Essex Boys Retribution (2013) are also based – to varying degrees – on the Rettendon murders.
# Mother-in-law (disambiguation)

Mother-in-law is a kinship relationship as a result of marriage.
Mother-in-law may also refer to:
* "Mother-in-Law" (song), a 1961 song recorded by Ernie K-Doe
* Mother-in-law (sandwich), a fast food dish of Chicago
* Mother-in-Law (TV series), a Kenyan comedy-drama series
* Mother-in-Law Island, in Connecticut, U.S.
* The Mother-in-Law, a 1734 play by James Miller
* The Mothers-in-Law, an American TV show premiering in 1967
# Bonox

Bonox is a beef extract made in Australia, currently owned by Bega Cheese after it acquired the brand from Kraft Heinz in 2017. It is primarily a drink but can also be used as stock in cooking.

## History

Bonox was invented by Camron Thomas for Fred Walker of Fred Walker & Co. in 1918. Bonox was launched the following year.
The Walker company was purchased by Kraft Foods Inc. sometime after Walker's death in 1935. The product was produced by Kraft (from 2012 Kraft Foods, from 2015 Kraft Heinz) until 2017, when Bonox, along with other brands, was sold to Bega Cheese. It kept the same recipe and jar designs.
As of 2021, Bonox continues to be produced by Bega.

## Nutritional information

This concentrated beef extract contains iron and niacin. It is a thick dark brown liquid paste which can be added to soups or stews for flavoring and can also be added to hot water and served as a beverage.

### Approximate per 100g

* Energy, including dietary fibre 401 kJ
* Moisture 56.6 g
* Protein 16.6 g
* Nitrogen 2.66 g
* Fat 0.2 g
* Ash 19.8 g
* Starch 6.5 g
* Available carbohydrate, without sugar alcohols 6.5 g
* Available carbohydrate, with sugar alcohols 6.5 g

### Minerals

* Calcium (Ca) 110 mg
* Copper (Cu) 0.11 mg
* Fluoride (F) 190 ug
* Iron (Fe) 2 mg
* Magnesium (Mg) 60 mg
* Manganese (Mn) 0.13 mg
* Phosphorus (P) 360 mg
* Potassium (K) 690 mg
* Selenium (Se) 4 ug
* Sodium (Na) 6660 mg
* Sulphur (S) 160 mg
* Zinc (Zn) 1.5 mg

### Vitamins

* Thiamin (B1) 0.36 mg
* Riboflavin (B2) 0.27 mg
* Niacin (B3) 5.4 mg
* Niacin Equivalents 8.17 mg
* Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.38 mg
* Pyridoxine (B6) 0.23 mg
* Biotin (B7) 12 ug
# Motion to vacate

A motion to vacate may refer to either:
* A legal motion seeking vacatur of a judgment or other ruling
* A motion to vacate the chair, seeking removal of a legislative body's presiding officer
# Motiganj railway station

Motiganj railway station is a railway station on Lucknow–Gorakhpur line under the Lucknow NER railway division of North Eastern Railway zone. This is situated beside State Highway 30 at Motiganj in Gonda district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
# Sinopesa

Sinopesa is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae. It is found in China and on Ryukyu Islands in Japan. It was first described in 1995 by Raven & Schwendinger. As of 2023, it contains 8 Asian species.

## Species

Sinopesa comprises the following species:
* Sinopesa chengbuensis (Xu & Yin, 2002) — China
* Sinopesa chinensis (Kulczyński, 1901) — China
* Sinopesa gollum Lin & Li, 2021 — China
* Sinopesa guansheng Lin & Li, 2023 — China
* Sinopesa kumensis Shimojana & Haupt, 2000 — Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
* Sinopesa maculata Raven & Schwendinger, 1995 — Thailand
* Sinopesa ninhbinhensis Li & Zonstein, 2015 — Vietnam
* Sinopesa sinensis (Zhu & Mao, 1983) — China
# Francesco De Vito

Francesco De Vito (born 10 August 1970) is an Italian actor. He played Saint Peter in The Passion of the Christ.
In 2019, he starred in the television series Heirs of the Night.
# Dichromia quinqualis

Dichromia quinqualis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in the South Pacific including: Fiji, Queensland and Java.

## Biology

The larvae feed on Cynanchum elegans, an Apocynaceae.
# Randy Bennett (swimming coach)

Randy Bennett (November 11, 1963 – April 27, 2015) was a Canadian swimming coach who primarily operated out of the West Coast of Canada during his career. From 2009 until his death in 2015 he was the coach of the Canadian National Swim Team including during the 2012 Summer Olympics where his protege Ryan Cochrane won his second Olympic medal. Over the years he has coached several prominent Canadian athletics including World and Olympic medalists such as the aforementioned Cochrane, Julia Wilkinson, Richard Weinberger, Eric Hedlin, Hilary Caldwell, Marianne Limpert, Blake Worsley and many others.

## Coaching achievements

* Coach, 1999 / 2006 / 2010 Pan Pacific Championship Coach
* Coach, 1998 & 2006 Commonwealth Games
* Coach, 2000 & 2008 Olympic Games
* Coach, 2001 & 2007 FINA World Championships
* Coach, 2003 Pan American Games
* Head Coach, 2009 FINA World Championships
* Head Coach, 2010 Commonwealth Games
* Head Coach, 2011 FINA World Championships
* Head Coach, 2012 Olympic Games
* Head Coach, 2013 FINA World Championships

## Club positions

* 1982–1985 Assistant Coach, Fort McMurray Swim Club – Fort McMurray, AB
* 1985–1989 Assistant Coach, Edmonton Keyano Swim Club – Edmonton, AB
* 1989–1993 Head Coach, Port Alberni Tsunami Swim Team – Port Alberni, BC
* 1993–2002 Assistant Head Coach, UBC Dolphins – Vancouver, BC
* 2002–2008 Head Coach, Victoria Amateur Swim Club – Victoria, BC
* 2002–2012 Director, Island Swimming Association – Victoria, BC

## Coaching honours

* Swimming Canada Coach of the Year Award (male swimmer) – 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
* Swimming Canada Coach of the Year Award (female swimmer) – 2013
* Aquatics Federation of Canada - Coach of the Year – 2011
* Chevrolet High Performance Coach Grant Recipient – 2010
* Jeno Tihanyi Bursary – 2008
* Petro-Canada coaching Excellence Award Winner – 2008, 2007, 2008, 2009 ,2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
* Swimming Canada Distance Freestyler of the Year – Ryan Cochrane 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
* Male Junior Swimmer of the Year – Ryan Cochrane 2006, 2007
* British Columbia Swim Coaches Association BCSCA - Junior Coach of the Year – 2003, 2005
* British Columbia Swim Coaches Association BCSCA - International Coach of the year – 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
* British Columbia Swim Coaches Association BCSCA - National Coach of the Year - 2013, 2014, 2015
* British Columbia Swim Coaches Association BCSCA - Open Water Coach - 2013
* Sport BC Male Coach of the Year – 2016
* Governor General Award – 2012
* Greater Victoria Sports Hall of Fame Induction – Randy Bennett
* BC Swimming Hall of Fame - 2018
# George Vander Sluis

George Vander Sluis (1915–1984) was an American artist known for his murals and postage stamp designs.

## Personal life

Sluis was born December 18, 1915, in Cleveland, Ohio. He was married and had three children with his wife, Hildegarde Bristol Vander Sluis, who survived to 2009.

## Work

Serving in the United States Army in World War II, Vander Sluis was one of the 1,100 members of the Ghost Army, a secret tactical deception unit that was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 2022. After the war he was a member of the art faculty at Syracuse University for 35 years. Just before his death, Vander Sluis painted a mural on the front of the Hendricks Chapel at Syracuse. He painted a New Deal program mural in the U.S. Post Office at Rifle, Colorado, in 1942, which is described in the listing of the building in the National Register of Historic Places. He also designed stamps for the United States Postal Service.
The Akron Art Museum holds a Sluis work titled Decayed Glory.
# Frank J. Girardin

Francois Joseph Girardin (October 6, 1856 – August 7, 1945) was an American impressionist artist who worked in the areas of Cincinnati, Ohio; Richmond, Indiana; and Los Angeles, California. He was also an early player for the Cincinnati Reds baseball team.
Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Girardin came to Cincinnati in the 1870s and studied under Thomas Satterwhite Noble and later Frank Duveneck at the Cincinnati Art Academy. He was best known for his landscape paintings of both Indiana and southern California.
Girardin played an important role in the development of the Art Association of Richmond (now the Richmond Art Museum) was a prominent member of the Richmond Group of artists. He was a member of the board of directors of the Art Association for several years. It was during his time in Indiana that he received the most recognition for his work. He exhibited three paintings in the Indiana building at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904 and was a member of the Society of Western Artists.
In 1910, Girardin moved to Redondo Beach, California where he painted local landscapes. His paintings are found in the San Diego Museum of Art; the Haan Mansion Museum of Indiana Art, the Richmond Art Museum; the Art Museum of Greater Lafayette; Morrisson-Reeves Library; Kokomo-Howard County Public Library; Connersville, Indiana Public Library and the Wayne County (Indiana) Historical Museum.
Girardin died in Redondo Beach on August 7, 1945, and was buried there.
# Russell County, Ontario

Russell County is known as a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario.
It was created in 1800 from a portion of Stormont County. In 1820, the county was united with Prescott County to form United Counties of Prescott and Russell which is still an upper-tier municipality
The county's Cumberland Township became part of the Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton in 1969, and is now part of the single-tier city of Ottawa.

## Historic townships

* Cambridge (SE) - Now part of The Nation Municipality
* Clarence (NE) - Merged with Rockland to become the city of Clarence-Rockland
* Cumberland (NW) - Now part of the City of Ottawa
* Russell Township (SW) - Existing lower-tier municipality.
# Multipath On-demand Routing

The Multipath On-demand Routing (MOR) protocol is a protocol to connect nodes in wireless sensor networks. It is an ad hoc routing protocol which is reactive or on-demand, meaning that it establishes routes as needed. The advantage of this approach is obvious if only a few routes are needed, since the routing overhead is less compared to the proactive approach of establishing routes whether or not they are needed. The disadvantage of on-demand establishment of routes is that connections take more time if the route needs to be established.
MOR lessens the disadvantages of on-demand routing in wireless sensor networks by having the likely targets of communication perform an initial broadcast. This allows all recipients to have a route to these nodes.
The main characteristic distinguishing MOR from other ad hoc routing protocols is that it maintains multiple routes to each destination, when available, whereas most other such protocols only keep a single route. There are many advantages to having multiple routes when possible, including
* increased reliability
* potentially better load balancing
* more even energy consumption (a consequence of better load balancing)
Each node in MOR remembers all next-hop nodes that are closer to a given destination for which a route exists. It then sends successive packets to each such node in round-robin fashion. If a next-hop node fails to acknowledge a given packet, the retransmission is attempted to another node, again if possible. This allows automatic and graceful recovery from occasional localized congestion as well as longer-term reasons for node unavailability.
# Multipeniata

Multipeniata is a genus of flatworms in the order Prolecithophora. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Multipeniatidae.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Multipeniata:
* Multipeniata batalansae Nasonov, 1927
* Multipeniata birmanse (Westblad, 1956)
* Multipeniata californica Karling & Jondelius, 1995
* Multipeniata kho Nasonov, 1927
# Claudia Polini

Claudia Polini is an Italian mathematician specializing in commutative algebra. She is the Glynn Family Honors Collegiate Professor of Mathematics at the University of Notre Dame, and directs the Center of Mathematics at Notre Dame.

## Education and career

Polini's mother was a school teacher, and before Polini reached school age herself she was already solving the mathematics problems in her mother's lessons. She graduated from the University of Padua in 1990, and completed her Ph.D. at Rutgers University in 1995, with Wolmer Vasconcelos as her doctoral advisor. Her dissertation was Studies on Singularities.
After postdoctoral research at Michigan State University, she became an assistant professor at Hope College in Michigan in 1998, then moved to the University of Oregon in 2000 and to Notre Dame in 2001.

## Contributions

Polini is currently an Associate Editor for the Journal of Commutative Algebra, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, and Journal of Algebra. She co-authored the research monograph A Study of Singularities on Rational Curves Via Syzygies with David Cox, Andrew R. Kustin, and Bernd Ulrich.

## Recognition

At Notre Dame, Polini became the Rev. John Cardinal O'Hara, C.S.C Professor of Mathematics in 2010, and the Glynn Family Honors Professor in 2018.
She was included in the 2019 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society "for contributions to commutative algebra and for service to the profession".
# Claudia Potter

Claudia Potter (1881–1970) was an American anesthesiologist. Born near Denton, Texas and educated at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, she became the first woman anesthesiologist in the United States. She worked at the Temple Sanitarium, which became the Scott & White Memorial Hospital, where she introduced gas anesthesia to Texas. She would serve as president of the Texas Society of Medical Anesthetists in 1947 and 1948, and she was elected an honorary member both of the Texas Medical Association and of the American Society of Anesthesiologists.
# Journal Press

The Journal Press was a weekly newspaper based in King George, Virginia covering King George and Wesmoreland Counties and the Town of Colonial Beach, Virginia. The newspaper's final edition was January 11, 2017.
# Clepticodes

Clepticodes is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae.

## Species

* Clepticodes horocentra Meyrick, 1927
* Clepticodes hexaleuca Meyrick, 1932
C. clasmaticus is actually Catalectis pharetropa.
# Muqaba

Maqabah (Arabic: مقابة. Mgaba) is a village in Bahrain. It is 10 km (6.2 mi) away from the capital Manama.

## Important Bird Area

Some 200 ha of semi-arid, date-palm scru in Maqabah, privately owned but left uncultivated, has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it is the main roosting site for a significant passage and wintering population of grey hypocolius in Bahrain.
26°12′40″N 50°29′35″E﻿ / ﻿26.211°N 50.493°E﻿ / 26.211; 50.493
# Mugiraneza

Mugiraneza is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jean-Baptiste Mugiraneza (born 1991), Rwandan football coach
* Prosper Mugiraneza, Rwandan government minister
# Mugilogobius wilsoni

Mugilogobius wilsoni, commonly known as Wilson's mangrove goby, is a species of goby native to the waters of northern Australia.

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of David Wilson of the Territory Wildlife Park in Berry Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia.
# João Elias Manamana

João Elias Manamana (born 12 December 1973) is a Rwandan former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He was capped for the Rwanda national football team and played at the 2004 African Cup of Nations.
# Clock domain crossing

In digital electronic design a clock domain crossing (CDC), or simply clock crossing, is the traversal of a signal in a synchronous digital circuit from one clock domain into another. If a signal does not assert long enough and is not registered, it may appear asynchronous on the incoming clock boundary.
A synchronous system is composed of a single electronic oscillator that generates a clock signal, and its clock domain—the memory elements directly clocked by that signal from that oscillator, and the combinational logic attached to the outputs of those memory elements.
Because of speed-of-light delays, timing skew, etc., the size of a clock domain in such a synchronous system is inversely proportional to the frequency of the clock. In early computers, typically all the digital logic ran in a single clock domain. Because of transmission line loss and distortion it is difficult to carry digital signals above 66 MHz on standard PCB traces (the clock signal is the highest frequency in a synchronous digital system), CPUs that run faster than that speed invariably are single-chip CPUs with a phase-locked loop (PLL) or other on-chip oscillator, keeping the fastest signals on-chip. At first, each CPU chip ran in its own single clock domain, and the rest of the digital logic of the computer ran in another slower clock domain. A few modern CPUs have such a high speed clock, that designers are forced to create several different clock domains on a single CPU chip.
Different clock domains have clocks which have a different frequency, a different phase (due to either differing clock latency or a different clock source), or both. Either way the relationship between the clock edges in the two domains cannot be relied upon.
Synchronizing a single bit signal to a clock domain with a higher frequency can be accomplished by registering the signal through a flip-flop that is clocked by the source domain, thus holding the signal long enough to be detected by the higher frequency clocked destination domain.
CDC metastability issues can occur between asynchronous clock domains; this is in contrast to reset domain crossing metastability, which can occur between synchronous & asynchronous clock domains. To avoid issues with CDC metastability in the destination clock domain, a minimum of 2 stages of re-synchronization flip-flops are included in the destination domain. Synchronizing a single bit signal traversing into clock domain with a slower frequency is more cumbersome. This typically requires a register in each clock domain with a form of feedback from the destination domain to the source domain, indicating that the signal was detected. Other potential clock domain crossing design errors include glitches and data loss.
In some cases, clock gating can result in two clock domains where the "slower" domain changes from one second to the next.
# Judge Gibbons

Judge Gibbons may refer to:
* John Joseph Gibbons (1924–2018), judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
* Julia Smith Gibbons (born 1950), judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
* Michael P. Gibbons (fl. 1980s–2020s), judge of the Nevada Court of Appeals
# Cliff Pennington

Cliff Pennington may refer to:
* Cliff Pennington (ice hockey) (1940–2020), Canadian ice hockey forward
* Cliff Pennington (baseball) (born 1984), Major League Baseball infielder
# Clinical Chemistry (journal)

Clinical Chemistry is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the field of clinical chemistry. It is the official journal of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry. The journal was first published in 1955 on a bi-monthly basis "to raise the level at which chemistry is practiced in the clinical laboratory"; monthly publication commenced in 1964. The editor-in-chief is Nader Rifai (Harvard Medical School).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE and the Science Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 8.327.
# Mukut Bihari

Mukut Bihari is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Bihari is a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Kaiserganj (Assembly constituency) in Bahraich district.
# Clover Records

Clover Records was a United States–based record label of the 1920s. According to their labels, Clover Records were manufactured by "The Nutmeg Record Corporation", which was part of the Emerson-Consolidated corporate group. Much of Clover's output were pressed from masters originally recorded by Emerson Records and Grey Gull Records. The output consisted primarily of dance music and popular vocals.
# Robert Earl Richardson

Robert Earl Richardson (28 November 1877 – 14 April 1935) was an American aquatic biologist and ichthyologist.
Richardson was born in Brighton, Illinois, on 28 November 1877. His father was Robert and his mother was Emily Dickerson Richardson. He underwent a preparatory education at DePauw University, before graduating from the University of Illinois in 1901. The university elected him as a fellow and he received a M.A. in 1903. He was a collaborator of David Starr Jordan and, as his co-author, wrote a series of scientific papers on the fishes of Formosa, the Philippines and Japan. In 1909, he took charge of the floating laboratory ran by the Natural History Survey on the Illinois River. His main contribution to ichthyology was The Fishes of Illinois, co-authored with Stephen Alfred Forbes.