OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Parnassius epaphus

Parnassius epaphus, the common red Apollo, is a high altitude butterfly which is found in India and Nepal. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). It is found from 9,000 to 13,000 feet (2,700 to 4,000 m) from Chitral District to Sikkim and western regions of Nepal. It is not considered rare.

## Description

Superficially this form closely resembles Parnassius jacquemontii, but besides the structural differences of the anal pouch in the fertilized female, in markings it differs as follows:
Male: Upperside, forewing: the crimson black-encircled spots reduced to a minute subcostal dot in the black mark beyond the cell; the subhyaline (almost glass-like) terminal margin much narrower, with dentate (tooth-like) white spots in the interspaces along the actual margin; cilia white, markedly alternated with black at the apices of the veins. Hindwing: the dusky black along the dorsal margin comparatively much broader, its inner border more irregular, deeply bi-emarginate, the crimson centre to the black mark above the tornal angle entirely absent. In no specimens observed are the crimson spots centred with white. Underside: with the same glazed appearance as in jacquemontii; markings as on the upperside, but on the forewing the white dentate spots in the terminal row are larger, which give to the wing the appearance of having a subterminal as well as a post-discal transverse series of dusky-black lunules. On the hindwing the row of basal and the obliquely-placed pre-tornal spots are as in jacquemontii but of a duller shade, while as in that form all the crimson spots are broadly centred with white. Antennae differ from those of jacquemonti as they are conspicuously ringed with white. Female differs from the male in the dusky black markings on the upperside that are broader, especially the postdiscal series on the forewing: this generally forms a diffuse band and so often restricts the lunules of the white ground colour beyond it, blending as it does diffusely with the subhyaline terminal margin. Anal pouch of fertilized female differs conspicuously from that of jacquemontii female in the complete absence of the posterior high keel or carina.

## Range

Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, northern India (Himalayas and Sikkim), Nepal, Bhutan and China (Tibet, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan). Fairly broadly distributed.

## Status

It is broadly distributed across Asia and not known to be threatened. The subspecies P. e. hillensis is protected by law in India.
# Corn Exchange, Leith

The Corn Exchange is a commercial building in Constitution Street, Leith, Scotland. The structure, which accommodates studio space and an exhibition gallery, is a Category A listed building.

## History

In the first half of the 19th century, commercial activity in the Port of Leith was focussed on the Exchange Buildings in Constitution Street. However, in the mid-19th century, a group of local corn merchants decided to form a company to finance and commission a dedicated corn exchange: the site that they selected, on the opposite side of Baltic Street, had been occupied by an old naval yard.
The foundation stone for the new building was laid by the deputy chairman of Leith Chamber of Commerce, W. G. Cochrane, on 16 October 1860. It was designed by Peddie and Kinnear in the Italianate style, built in ashlar stone at a cost of £6,500 and was completed in 1861. The design involved a three-stage octagonal tower on the corner of Constitution Street and Baltic Street with a wing of four bays extending along Constitution Street and a wing of seven bays extending along Baltic Street. The tower featured a segmental-headed doorway with a fanlight flanked by a pair of segmental headed windows on the ground floor, three round headed windows on the first floor, and three bi-partite windows on the second floor. The tower was surmounted by a modillioned cornice, a dome, a cupola and a weather vane. The wings were fenestrated by segmental headed windows on the ground floor and by round headed windows on the first floor. At roof level, there was a frieze decorated by paterae and a modillioned cornice. On the constitution Street frontage, there was an additional section of five bays with a prominent frieze, depicting putti taking part in agricultural activities, which was carved by John Rhind and placed at first floor level. Internally, the principal room was the main hall, which was 110 feet (34 m) long and 70 feet (21 m) wide and featured a roof supported by timber arches.
The use of the building as a corn exchange declined significantly in the wake of the Great Depression of British Agriculture in the late 19th century. Instead, it was re-purposed as a public events venue: early speakers included the Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston, on 2 April 1863. It was also used as a drill hall by the Leith Rifle Volunteers, and, later, as a public house.
A major programme of works to convert the building into studio space was completed in 2005. The conversion, which also included the creation of an exhibition gallery, was carried out to a design by Patience and Highmore and was commended in the "Best Re-Use of a Listed Building" category at the 2006 Scottish Design Awards.
# Lu Yongfu

Lu Yongfu (born December 1922) is a Chinese translator and Director of the Chinese Translation Association.
Lu was one of the main translators of the works of Russian novelist Aleksandr Pushkin into Chinese. For his contributions to the introduction of Russian literature to foreign readers, he was honored with a Pushkin Medal by the Government of the Russian Federation in 1999.

## Biography

Lu was born in Xi'an, Shaanxi in December 1922.
He graduated from Northwest University in 1946, where he majored in Russian language. After graduation, he taught in Shaanxi.
After the founding of the Communist State, Lu worked as an officer in the General Officer of the Central Military Commission, then he was transferred to the People's Literature Publishing House.
Lu joined the China Writers Association in 1979.

## Translation

* The Complete Works of Pushkin (普希金文集（七卷）)
* Collected Works of Mayakovsky (Vladimir Mayakovsky) (马雅可夫斯基选集)
* Rylee and Majienong (Jamalddin Ilyas Nezami) (蕾莉与马杰农)
* Earth-god (Kahlil Gibran) (大地神)
* The man, Jesus (Kahli Gibran) (人子耶稣)

## Award

* In 1999, he was awarded a Pushkin Medal for his translations by the Government of the Russian Federation.
* Chinese Translation Association - Competent Translator (2004)
# Nezbavětice

Nezbavětice is a municipality and village in Plzeň-City District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Nezbavětice lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Plzeň and 83 km (52 mi) south-west of Prague.
# Elizabeth Bolton

Elizabeth Mary Bolton (born 1950) is a retired Australian lawyer, judge and magistrate. She was appointed South Australian Chief Magistrate in 2007, becoming the first woman to head a court jurisdiction in the state.

## Life

Bolton studied English literature at the University of Adelaide, followed by law at the university's law school. She began practicing as a lawyer in 1985. She served as a prosecutor with the South Australian Department of Public Prosecutions, and then with the Commonwealth Department of Public Prosecutions. In December 1999 she was appointed to the position of magistrate. In 2004 she was appointed the regional manager at the Christies Beach Magistrates Court.
In 2007, Bolton was appointed South Australian Chief Magistrate becoming the first woman to head a court jurisdiction in the state. Bolton resigned from the position in July 2015 citing health issues.
# Discount card

A discount card is a card or document, often a plastic credit card or paper card, that entitles the holder to discounts on the prices of some products or services.

## How it works

Cards may be issued as part of a loyalty program, offering discounts to existing customers to ensure their continuing custom; they may be offered free of charge, offering a modest discount with the intention of persuading purchasers to patronise participating shops; or they may be sold to members, offering larger discounts—for example, the tastecard offers 50% discounts at many restaurants—at a substantial annual cost. Cards may be offered by merchants or groups of merchants, by clubs or associations who negotiate on behalf of all members to obtain benefits, or by official organisations offering concessionary prices to qualifying groups, such as the disabled.

## Types

* Loyalty cards
* Cards giving entitlement to educational discount. In many cases, a discount may be offered on proof of student status, without a special card.
* Cards giving entitlement to military discount. In many cases, a discount may be offered on proof of current or former membership of a military service, without a special card.
* Cards giving entitlement to disability discount. In many cases, a discount may be offered on proof of disability, without a special card.
* Proof of age card, a card which certifies the age of the holder. This type of card may, for example, be used by older children for free or discounted travel on public transport. Cards of this type are also used to certify that people of youthful appearance are old enough to legally buy, for example, tobacco and alcoholic beverages.
# Le Puy green lentil

Le Puy green lentil is a small, mottled, slate-gray/green lentil of the Lens esculenta puyensis (or L. culinaris puyensis) variety. In the US, this type of lentil may be grown and sold as French green lentils or Puy lentils.
The term "Lentille verte du Puy" is protected throughout the European Union (EU) and UK as a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), and in France as an appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC). In the EU, the term may only be used to designate lentils that come from the prefecture of Le Puy (most notably in the commune of Le Puy-en-Velay) in the Auvergne region of France. These lentils have been grown in the region for over 2,000 years and it is said that they have gastronomic qualities that come from the terroir (in this case attributed to the area's volcanic soil). They are praised for their unique peppery flavor and the ability to retain their shape after cooking.
# Coleroa

Coleroa is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Venturiaceae.
The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and Northern America.

## Species

Species:
* Coleroa alchemillae (Grev.) G.Winter (1885)
* Coleroa aliculariae Gonz.Frag. (1916)
* Coleroa boukokoensis Saccas (1951)
* Coleroa caulicola (Rostr.) Sivan. (1977)
* Coleroa chaetomium (Kunze) Rabenh. (1850)
* Coleroa circinans (Fr.) G. Winter (1885)
* Coleroa coffeicola Saccas (1953)
* Coleroa concinna (Petr.) M.E. Barr (1989)
* Coleroa crepidis Togashi & Katsuki (1952)
* Coleroa daphnes Balf.-Browne (1955)
* Coleroa graminis A.L. Guyot (1946)
* Coleroa hageniae (Castell.) Eboh & Cain (1987)
* Coleroa hepaticicola Racov. (1942)
* Coleroa himalayensis (C. Bachm.) Sivan. (1977)
* Coleroa inconspicua Bubák (1915)
* Coleroa lebeckiae (Verwoerd & Dippen.) Arx (1962)
* Coleroa maydicola Saccas (1951)
* Coleroa papyricola Saccas (1953)
* Coleroa plantaginis (Ellis) M.E. Barr (1968)
* Coleroa polylopha (Syd.) E. Müll. (1962)
* Coleroa pusiola (P. Karst.) Sivan. (1975)
* Coleroa rhododendri (Tengwall) Săvul. & Eliade (1959)
* Coleroa rhynchosiae (Kalchbr. & Cooke) E. Müll. (1962)
* Coleroa robertiani (Fr.) E. Müll. (1962)
* Coleroa rubicola (Ellis & Everh.) E. Müll. (1962)
* Coleroa rubi-idaei (Höhn.) Sacc. (1928)
* Coleroa senniana (Sacc.) Arx (1962)
* Coleroa spinarum Höhn. (1905)
* Coleroa sporoboli (H.C. Greene) M.E. Barr (1968)
* Coleroa venturioides Speschnew (1904)
# Crenicichla hu

Crenicichla hu is a species of cichlid native to South America. It is found in Argentina. This species reaches a length of 15.3 cm (6.0 in).
# CrcZ

CrcZ is a small RNA found in Pseudomonas bacteria, which acts as a global regulator of carbon catabolite repression. In P. aeruginosa, CrcZ is responsible for sequestering the protein Crc. Crc is an RNA-binding global regulator, which acts by inhibiting the translation of the transcriptional regulator AlkS.

## Function

In P. aeruginosa, CrcZ is a 407-nt long RNA which contains 5 CA-rich motifs. CrcZ expression is regulated by the two-component system CbrA/CbrB, in response to the availability of different carbon sources. As the Crc protein inhibits translation of transcriptional regulators by binding to and occluding the translational initiation site, sequestration of Crc by CrcZ binding means that Crc is unable to inhibit translation and transcriptional regulators, such as AlkS, are freely translated. Expression of CrcZ is dependent on the carbon sources available to the bacteria; in the presence of preferred carbon sources (such as succinate), CrcZ expression is low, and catabolite repression is high. In the presence of poor sources of carbon, such as mannitol, CrcZ expression is high, allowing the inhibition of Crc and a subsequent decrease in catabolite repression occurs.
# Creek Agency

The Creek Agency was an organ of the U.S. Government authorized to interact and negotiate with the Muscogee people of Georgia and the Mississippi Territory (commonly called Creeks by white settlers). It was set up in 1796 on the Flint River in what is today Crawford County, Georgia by Indian Agent Col. Benjamin Hawkins. He established there a trading post and a plantation. Hawkins, regarded both at the time and now as relatively successful in his interactions with the Creeks, died in 1816. He was succeeded by David B. Mitchell (1817–1821), formerly Governor of Georgia. His tenure was much less successful. The Treaty of the Creek Agency (1818) was signed there. It is not known whether his successor, John Crowell, resided at the Creek Agency.
# Crenshaw House (Richmond, Virginia)

Crenshaw House, also known as Younger House and Clay House, is a historic home located in Richmond, Virginia. It was built in 1891, and is a three-story, Victorian Italianate style brick townhouse. The house was altered by the architectural firm of Noland and Baskervill in 1904. It features a flat roof decorated with a Doric entablature and copper cresting, a full height three-sided bay window, and an entry porch supported by paired Doric order columns. At two meetings in November 1909, a group of women met at the home to form what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESL).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. It is located in the West Franklin Street Historic District.
# Cristina Pasaroiu

Cristina Pasaroiu (born 17 September 1987) is a Romanian operatic soprano who has performed leading roles at major European opera houses, with a focus on French repertoire such as Bizet's Micaëla, Massenet's Manon and Gounod's Juliette.

## Career

Born Cristina-Antoaneta Păsăroiu in Bucharest, she began voice training at age twelve. She continued her studies at the Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi in Milan and at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna.
She performed in concert in the Rosenblatt Recitals in London, with the ensemble Archi della Scala in Milan, at the Teatro Reggio in Parma, and the festival Klangvokal Dortmund.
She made her debut at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna as Magda in Puccini's La rondine. She appeared as Mimi in his La Bohème and as Micaëla in Bizet's Carmen, conducted by Michele Mariotti, at age 21.
Among her roles are also Musetta in La Bohème, Desdemona in Verdi's Otello, Fiordiligi in Mozart's Così fan tutte, Sylva in Emmerich Kálmán's Die Csárdásfürstin and the title role of Cilea's Adriana Lecouvreur. She is focused on French repertoire, such as Léïla in Bizet's Les pêcheurs de perles, Antonia in Offenbach's Les Contes d'Hoffmann, the title role of Massenet's Manon, Marguerite in Gounod's Faust and Juliette in his Roméo et Juliette. She appeared in the title role of Fromental Halévy's La Juive alongside Neil Shicoff, conducted by Frédéric Chaslin, at the Opéra de Nice. She also performed at the Frankfurt Opera, the Theater St. Gallen, the Liceu in Barcelona, at the Vlaamse Oper in Antwerp and Ghent, and at the Caracalla Festival of the Rome Opera.
In 2016, she appeared as Valentine in Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots, as Micaëla in her debut at the Vienna State Opera, and as Violetta in Verdi's La Traviata at the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden. She appeared there as Manon in 2017, singing and acting although she had broken her foot in a rehearsal and had to wear boots even in bed with her lover. In 2018 she made her role debut as Liù in Turandot at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, returned to the role of Manon at the Korea National Opera in Seoul and to the Bregenz Festival as Micaela in Carmen. In the 2018/2019 season she made her role debut as the four heroines of Les Contes d'Hoffmann in the premiere of a Laurent Pelly staging at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, causing the Financial Times to proclaim her the "star of the evening". Other engagements in 2018/2019 include her role debut as Alcina (George Frideric Handel) and Gilda in a new staging of Rigoletto at the Staatstheater Wiesbaden, Mimì in La bohème at the Royal Opera House of Copenhagen and Micaela in Carmen at the Bavarian State Opera of Munich.

## Awards

Păsăroiu is a prize winner of several competitions, including the Jaume Aragall competition in Barcelona and in 2011 fourth prize in the international competition Neue Stimmen.
# Minneapolis Pops Orchestra

The Minneapolis Pops Orchestra is a pops orchestra providing live public performances by 45 professional musicians free of charge at various venues in the Twin Cities. It was founded in 1949. Most Pops Orchestra musicians perform with the Minnesota Opera Orchestra, Minnesota Orchestra, The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, and other distinguished Twin Cities musical groups during the winter months. The Orchestra plays most often at the Lake Harriet bandshell in the Linden Hills neighborhood of Southwest Minneapolis. Each year, concerts feature guest artists as well as student musicians from area high schools.
The regular season runs during the month of July, presenting concerts most weekend evenings.
NORP
In 2009, the Orchestra began its "New Orchestral Repertoire Project" to seek out new pieces to add to its repertoire. The contest carries a $1000 cash prize and a performance at one of that year's concerts.
# Crane Bay, Barbados

Crane Bay is located on the southeast coast of Barbados, between Foul Bay and Long Bay.
13°06′17″N 59°26′39″W﻿ / ﻿13.1046°N 59.4442°W﻿ / 13.1046; -59.4442
* This Barbados location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Cristiano Corazzari

Cristiano Corazzari (born 9 November 1975 in Ferrara) is a Venetist politician from Veneto, Italy.
A member of Liga Veneta–Lega Nord since 1992, Corazzari was long active in municipal politics in his hometown, Stienta. In the 2010 regional election he was elected to the Regional Council of Veneto, but stepped down in 2014 upon his successful bid to become mayor of Stienta.
After the 2015 regional election, Corazzari returned to regional politics as minister of Culture, City Planning and Security in Luca Zaia's second government.
In 2020 Corazzari was elected to the Regional Council and appointed regional minister of Culture, City Planning, Security, Hunting and Fishing in Zaia's third government.
# Misr al-Fattah

Misr al-Fattah may refer to:
The Young Egypt Party or the Young Egypt Party from the 1930s
# Cranford Agreement

The Cranford Protocol or Cranford Agreement was an oral undertaking given in 1952 by the British Government to the residents of Cranford in London regarding the usage of the runways at London Heathrow Airport to reduce the impact of aircraft noise on local residents.
Under normal operations the agreement prohibited take-off on the northern runway towards the east (over London) because of the proximity of Cranford to the east end of this runway; however this runway could be used in exceptional cases, for example when the southern runway was not available for departures or when departure delays are excessive.
Although no formal written agreement exists, the Government acknowledges that an oral undertaking was given by a senior government official at a meeting of the Cranford Residents' and District Amenities Association on 31 July 1952. The protocol is included in the Heathrow Manual of Air Traffic Services and the airport's noise abatement notification, and thus is a part of the airport's operating rules.
On 15 January 2009, the Labour Government announced that it was ending the Cranford Agreement as part of the controversial expansion of London Heathrow Airport. Although in May 2010 the Coalition Government cancelled the Heathrow expansion plans, in September 2010 it reaffirmed the decision to end the Cranford Agreement. This decision was welcomed by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, to the west. To the east, the London Borough of Hounslow called for mitigation or compensation to be offered by BAA to those affected by ending the Cranford Agreement.
In May 2013 Heathrow Airport Holdings (who own and operate the airport) submitted planning permission to the London Borough of Hillingdon to build new access taxiways, which would allow the implementation of full runway alternation on easterly operations. This permission was rejected in March 2014; Heathrow Airport appealed with a planning enquiry in June 2015. On 2 February 2017 the Planning Inspectorate recommended that the appeal be allowed and planning permission granted. The decision has not yet been implemented as the airport is considering the Government's airspace management proposals for London and their own plans for expansion.
# Cristina Ballantine

Cristina Maria Ballantine is a mathematician whose interests include number theory, algebraic combinatorics, representation theory, and the theory of buildings. Born in Romania and educated in Germany and Canada, she works in the US as Distinguished Professor of Science at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts.

## Education and career

Ballantine is originally from Transylvania, in Romania, and grew up in Bucharest. She earned a diploma at the University of Stuttgart in Germany in 1988. She went to the University of Toronto in Canada for graduate study in mathematics, earning a master's degree in 1992 and completing her Ph.D. in 1998. Her dissertation, Hypergraphs and Automorphic Forms, was supervised by James Arthur, a specialist on automorphic forms.
She held short-term postdoctoral positions at the University of Wyoming, Bowdoin College, and Dartmouth College before joining the College of the Holy Cross as an assistant professor in 2002. She visited the University of Münster in Germany in 2004–2005 as a Fulbright scholar, was promoted to associate professor in 2007, and became full professor in 2014. She held the Anthony and Renee Marlon Professorship in the Sciences from 2018 to 2021, and became Distinguished Professor of Science in 2021.
# Crazy Eights (disambiguation)

Crazy Eights is a card game for two to seven players.
Crazy Eights may also refer to:
* Crazy 8 (store), chain of retail stores operated by Gymboree
* Crazy 8s (band), an American band
* Crazy Eights (film) a 2006 horror film
* Crazy8s, a film festival competition in Vancouver
* CSX 8888 incident, a runaway train in Ohio, USA
* Crazy Eight, gang of boys in the novel Spud
* Crazy 8, a villain and enemy of Spider-Man (Gerry Drew)
* Crazy eight, a variation of eight-ball pool
* Crazy Eights (or Crazy 8ths), a divergent Design Sprint thinking method
* Crazy 8, an item in Mario Kart 8 which carries eight items at once
* The Crazy Eight, nickname for 8th Infantry Division (United States)
* The Crazy Eights, nickname for 8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's)
* Domingo Gallardo "Krazy-8" Molina, the main antagonist of the first half of Season One on Breaking Bad. He also appears on Better Call Saul.