OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Man with the Broken Nose

Man with the Broken Nose is a sculpture by Auguste Rodin created between 1863 and 1864 and approved by the Salon in 1875. It is considered the first by Rodin in which life is represented over the grace pervading the academic circles and aesthetic of the time.
Rodin made a first model of this piece on plaster in 1864, but lost the back of the bust. Later, in 1880, a second model, this time in bronze, was cast and is the surviving cast of the piece. A marble copy was made by Léon Fourquet.

## History

In 1867, Rodin adapted a stable to become his atelier, where he worked with a senior model by the name of "Bibi" to make his first model of the mask. According to Rainer Maria Rilke the man before Rodin "a man with a calm demeanor and face. It had the face of a man which, when explored, was full of disorder".

## Description and influence

The sculpture was cast on bronze with black, brown and green patina. It has a 12.5 x 15.1 x 15.3 cm (3.1 x 3.8 x 3.8 in) base, where Rodin's signature can be found.
Even though there is a clear influence by other works at the Louvre, this mask represents the fidelity on contours that is characteristic of Rodin, made clear in the profound wrinkles and severe facial expression. This work was crucial in Rodin's unique aesthetical development.
According to the artist himself: "That mask determined all my future work; it's the first modeled piece I did. Ever since, I've tried to see my works from all possible points of view and to draw them in every one of their aspects. That mask has been on my mind in every thing I have done". His later portraits have a singular life and individuality, partly because Rodin stayed on his contour modeling principles.

## Problems

The mask was originally titled Portrait of M. *** and was generally rejected because it presented a man with a broken nose and strong, sharp facial features; which was considered ugly to the eyes of most people.
# Malíč

Malíč is a municipality and village in Litoměřice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Malíč lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Litoměřice, 14 km (9 mi) south of Ústí nad Labem, and 56 km (35 mi) north-west of Prague.
# Malíkov

Malíkov is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Malíkov lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Svitavy, 74 km (46 mi) south-east of Pardubice, and 167 km (104 mi) east of Prague.
# Centre for Social Investigation

The Centre for Social Investigation (CSI) is an interdisciplinary research group based at Nuffield College, Oxford University, in England.
The CSI is led by Professor Anthony Heath, CBE, FBA, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at Oxford University and Professor of Sociology at The University of Manchester. It was launched officially in March 2015. The Centre aims to address contemporary social issues of public interest, carrying out authoritative, research on central social issues which draws upon interdisciplinary expertise in economics, politics and sociology and related disciplines such as social policy. A particular focus is on examining social progress in Britain and to this aim, the Centre has undertaken research covering topics including crime, education, social capital, life expectancy, corruption, food insecurity and Beveridge’s ‘five giants’. The Centre also undertakes research on inequalities, including those relating to gender, ethnicity and class. The Centre has a strong emphasis on interdisciplinary work and rigorous methods, ranging from quantitative research to field experiments. It has undertaken collaborative work with the UK Department for Communities and Local Government.
CSI's research is independent and non-partisan; as such, it has no political affiliation or leaning. The Centre is counselled by an advisory board whose members work in research, policy and the private sector. Unusually for an academic research group, the Centre has a strong emphasis on engaging and disseminating its research beyond traditional academic outputs to communicate the results of its activities in an accessible way to non-technical audiences, including policy-makers and the public more generally. The Centre maintains a blog with posts from both its researchers and from guest contributors.
# Garladinne

Garladinne is a village in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Garladinne mandal in Anantapur revenue division.

## Geography

Garladinne is located at 14°50′00″N 77°36′00″E﻿ / ﻿14.8333°N 77.6000°E﻿ / 14.8333; 77.6000. It has an average elevation of 315 metres (1,036 ft).

## Demographics

In the 2011 census, the village had a population of 7,766 (3,947 males and 3,819 females — a sex ratio of 968 females per 1,000 males). 889 were aged 0–6 years, of whom 507 were boys and 382 girls — a ratio of 754 per 1,000. The average literacy rate was 64.9% with 4,463 literates.
# Centre Gervais Auto

The Centre Gervais Auto is a 4,125-seat multi-purpose arena in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada that opened on December 27, 2008 and has been the home of the Shawinigan Cataractes since 2008. When the Shawinigan Cataractes played their first-ever game in their new state-of-the-art facility, the game sold out with 4,112 spectators in attendance. The Cataractes won 5–1 against the Junior de Montreal. The team departed from the historic Aréna Jacques Plante after their last game there on December 18 of the same year.

## Events

On May 5, 2009, the Shawinigan Cataractes hosted their first QMJHL President Cup Finals game in 38 years and their first in the new arena. The area hosted the 2012 Memorial Cup from May 18 to May 27, 2012. On May 27, 2012, the Shawinigan Cataractes defeated the London Knights 2–1 in overtime to capture the MasterCard Memorial Cup, and also become just the second team in QMJHL history as the host team to win.

## Tenants

* Shawinigan Cataractes (QMJHL) (2008–present)

## Retired jerseys

The following numbers have been retired by the Cataractes (positions in parentheses) and hang from the rafters:
* 7 Michel Brière (F) Shawinigan Bruins (original team name)
* 14 Benoit Plouffe (F) Shawinigan Dynamos (team name change)
* 18 Marcel Giguère (F) Shawinigan Cataractes (present team name)
* 26 Dean Bergeron (F)
* 17 Patrice Lefebvre (F)
* 27 Stephan Lebeau (F)
* 33 Patrick Lalime (G)
* 21 Marc-André Bergeron (D)
* 19 Stephane Robidas (D)
# Century Downs Racetrack and Casino

Century Downs Racetrack and Casino is a casino and horse racing track near Calgary.
It is one of two "A-level" horse racing venues in the province of Alberta and brought live horse racing back to the Calgary area for the first time since June 15, 2008. Century Downs offers live Standardbred races on weekends and holidays throughout the months of April to November.
The casino features 550 slot machines, seven VLTs, and an off-track betting area which simulcasts both Standardbred and Thoroughbred races from around the world. Dining facilities include a lounge and the Mid City Grill restaurant.
Century Downs first opened on April 1, 2015. Its first day of Standardbred racing was on April 25, 2015.
On September 6, 2023, Century sold the corporate real estate of its four Alberta casinos to Vici Properties for $221.7 million, in a sale-and-leaseback agreement.
# Miss Gay

Miss Gay may refer to:
* Miss Gay America
* Miss Gay Philippines
# Reach for the Rainbow

"REACH", formerly known as Reach for the Rainbow (RFTR), was a registered charity serving children and young adults with developmental and physical disabilities in Ontario, Canada, founded in 1983 by Donna Trella.
The organization filed for bankruptcy in 2019.
The agency's integrated programs were designed to provide an opportunity for children and youth with physical and/or developmental disabilities living at home to participate in integrated summer camps and community programs.
Each summer, this non-profit organization worked with a Canadian Camp to provide the support necessary to meet the needs of disabled children from ages 6–16 to give them a camper experience. REACH worked with a variety of overnight camps since its establishment. These include: Cairn-Glen Mhor (1988), John Island Camp (1989), Pearce Williams Christian Centre (1992), Canterbury Hills Overnight Camp (1993), Camp Kitchikewana (1993), Camp Pine Crest (1993), Camp Wanakita (1994), Ryerson Camp (1997), Silver Lake Camp (1997), Cave Springs Camp (1999), Lambton Centre (2000), Camp Presqu'ile (2001), Camp Ko-Mo-Kee (2003), Forest Cliff Camps (2005), Hidden Bay Leadership Camp (2005), RKY Camp (2005), Camp Maple Leaf (2017), Hockey Opportunity Camp (2017), Royal Botanical Gardens Discovery Camp (2017) and Camp Menesetung (2017).
"REACH" was supported by the following companies and foundations: Air Canada Foundation, Alice & Murray Maitland Foundation, CIBC Children’s Foundation, Cadillac Fairview, Crayola Canada, Elementary Teachers’ Federation of Ontario, Harry E. Foster Charitable Foundation, Hughes Amys, J.W. McConnell Family Foundation and the Social Innovation Generation (SiG), Isberg Charitable Trust, Kildare Trust Foundation, The Lillian Meighen and Don Wright Foundation, Marion Ethel & Frederick John Kamm Foundation, The McLean Foundation, Ontario Trillium Foundation, and TELUS Community Investment.
# Keefe Row

Keefe Row, at E. 22nd St. and Evans Ave. in Cheyenne, Wyoming, was built in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
It is a row of nine one-and-a-half-story brick residences. All are built on rusticated sandstone foundations.
They were designed by Cheyenne architect J.P. Julien.
# Deniau Island

Deniau Island (65°27′S 64°19′W﻿ / ﻿65.450°S 64.317°W﻿ / -65.450; -64.317) is a small island lying midway between Darboux Island and the Lippmann Islands, off the west coast of Graham Land. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for a Monsieur Deniau, a donor of numerous gifts to the expedition.
# Giovanni Battista Quadrone

Giovanni Battista Quadrone (1844 – November 23, 1898) was an Italian painter, mainly of genre scenes.

## Biography

He was a resident of Turin. He was born to a relatively wealthy family of marble merchants. His family encouraged his art studies, and Quadrone enrolled in the Accademia Albertina, where he studied with Enrico Gamba and Gaetano Ferri (1822–1896) and won the Triennial competition. He initially painted in a realistic style, but this changed after traveling to Paris in 1870, where he worked in the studios of Jean-Léon Gérôme and befriended Giuseppe De Nittis. Back in Turin, he continued to paint genre scenes, mainly of laborers in folkloric dress. He also painted many scenes of hunting, often with dogs, and horse-racing themes. He was mainly represented by the Florentine gallery of Luigi Pisani. In the 1880s, he travelled frequently to Sardinia, where he was married.
Although sometimes referred to as the "Italian Meissonier, some later critics called him a Flemish Piedmontese, reflecting his ardent adhesion to realism in his animal paintings. The Museo Borgogna of Vercelli displays his Lo studio dello scultore (1891). He painted this subject of the artist in his studio on other occasions: Vergognosa! (1875, found in Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna of Turin); Ogni occasione è buona (1878); and Il pittore e la modella - In cerca del soggetto (1882, also in the Museo Borgogna).
At the Exhibition of Turin, in 1880, he displayed: After the rappresentazione; A naturalist; A painter in his studio; and The Judgement of Paris. In 1880, in Florence, he displayed: A Jesuit; Among Prisoners; and Saltimbanchi. In 1884, he displayed in Turin: Procession in Sardinia; Morning of Market Day in the Piedmont; at Sardinia exhibition; Charity; finally in 1886 at Milan, he sent: Per viaggio, Sardinia, and in 1887 at Venice, il Ronzino Sardo. Among other works are: L' assassinio; Lettura di una poesia giocosa; Il geografo; Accoglienza poco promettente; Partenza per la caccia; Rientro dalla caccia; and Dopo la caccia. He was awarded the cross of knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy.

## Selected paintings

* L'occasione fa il ladro (Opportunity Makes the Thief)
* I Bimbi (The Children)
* Ogni occasione è buona (Every Opportunity is Good)
# Rhode Island Patient Advocacy Coalition

The Rhode Island Patient Advocacy Coalition (RIPAC) is Rhode Island's non-profit grassroots medical marijuana community. Patients, caregivers, doctors, nurses, health care providers, advocates, lawyers, organizations, and residents all make up a part of the coalition. RIPAC advances discourse, research, and policy related to medical marijuana in four main areas: patient advocacy, professional education, research, and policy development. RIPAC works to protect the medical use of marijuana under state law by facilitating dialogue among patients, medical professionals, law enforcement, and policymakers.

## History

RIPAC began organizing in 2003 to protect Rhode Island citizens who were using cannabis for medical reasons. In 2006, the General Assembly overwhelmingly approved the Medical Marijuana Act and established the Rhode Island Medical Marijuana Program.

### The Edward O. Hawkins and Thomas C. Slater Medical Marijuana Act

The Edward O. Hawkins and Thomas C. Slater Medical Marijuana Act allows licensed patients to legally possess up to 2.5 ounces of marijuana and 12 plants and 12 seedlings. The Act also allows licensed patients to appoint up to two caregivers to assist them in obtaining and cultivating medical cannabis within the limits set forth in law. In 2009, the law was amended to include the licensing of compassion centers to provide patients with increased access to medical marijuana.
The Act allows any Rhode Island citizen/resident who suffers from one of the qualifying conditions and whose physician is supportive of their use of cannabis to treat that condition. The qualifying conditions include cancer, glaucoma, positive status for human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and hepatitis C, as well as the treatment of a chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition or its treatment that produces one or more of the following:
* cachexia or wasting syndrome
* severe, debilitating chronic pain
* severe nausea
* seizures, including but not limited to those characteristic of epilepsy
* severe and persistent muscle spasms, including but not limited to those characteristic of multiple sclerosis or Crohn's disease; or agitation related to Alzheimer's disease.
On March 28, 2017, the "Legislative Oversight Commission of the Edward O. Hawkins and Thomas C. Slater Medical Marijuana Act" met for the first time, to have six meetings a year.

## Current members

Current organizational members of the coalition include:
* Rhode Island Medical Society,
* Rhode Island State Nurses Association,
* Students for Sensible Drug Policy chapters at Brown University, Rhode Island College, and the University of Rhode Island (URI).
# Mitsuko Shiga

Mitsuko Shiga (四賀光子, Shiga Mitsuko, 21 April 1885 – 23 March 1976) was the pen-name of Mitsu Ōta, a Japanese tanka poet active in Taishō and Shōwa periods Japan.

## Early life

Mitsuko was born in Nagano city, Nagano prefecture. After graduating from Nagano Normal School, she worked for two years as a teacher, during which time she met the poet Mizuho Ōta, and began to compose tanka verses herself. She entered the Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School (present-day Ochanomizu University) in 1906 and married Mizuho Ōta when she graduated.

## Literary career

While teaching at a girls school in Tokyo, she assisted her husband in his literary magazine, Chōon, by contributing tanka verses and helping in its overall administration. On Ota's death in 1955, she took over responsibility for the magazine with her son, Ota Seikyu.
She published numerous anthologies of her poetry during her lifetime, including Fuji no Mi ("Wisteria Beans"), Asa Tsuki ("Morning Moon"), Asa Ginu ("Linen Silk"), and Kamakura Zakki ("Kamakura Miscellany"). She also published some instructional guides to the writing of poetry, including Waka dokuhon ("A Guide to Waka Verse"), Dentō to Gendai Waka ("Tradition and Modern Waka").
Mitsuko and her husband Mizuho Ota began to live in Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture from 1934, calling their retreat "Yo-yo Sanso." What began as a quiet getaway became their permanent home from 1939. Shiga continued to live there after her husband's death, and died in 1976. Her grave is at the temple of Tōkei-ji in Kamakura, which also has a large stone monument inscribed with one of her verses.
# Neutron howitzer

A neutron howitzer is a neutron source that emits neutrons in a single direction. It was discovered in the 1930s that alpha radiation that strikes the beryllium nucleus would release neutrons. The high speed of the alpha is sufficient to overcome the relatively low Coulomb barrier of the beryllium nucleus, the repulsive force due to the positive charge of the nucleus, which contains only four protons, allowing for fusion of the two particles, releasing energetic neutrons.
In 1930 Walther Bothe and Herbert Becker in Germany found that alpha particles striking light elements such as beryllium, boron, or lithium would release a highly penetrating radiation, at first believed to be gamma radiation, although it was more penetrating than any gamma rays known. The next important contribution was reported in 1932 by Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot in Paris, who showed that if this unknown radiation fell on paraffin wax or any other hydrogen-containing compound it ejected protons of very high energy. Finally, in 1932 the physicist James Chadwick in England performed a series of experiments showing that the gamma ray hypothesis was untenable, and suggested that the new radiation consisted of uncharged particles of approximately the mass of the proton. He performed a series of experiments to verify this, these uncharged particles were eventually called "neutrons", and Chadwick is credited with this discovery.
Any alpha-emitting radioisotope will suffice, but usually a high specific activity alpha-emitter is chosen. Historically a variety of isotopes such as radium (Ra-226) were used, but in modern times the transuranic isotopes Am-241 and Pu-239 are almost exclusively used in AmBe and PuBe neutron sources, respectively. The alpha emitter and the beryllium are pulverized and mixed together in close intimate contact to ensure a high percentage of alpha-emitter and beryllium nuclei in close contact, since the alpha particle has a very short range through material, and would lose energy preventing reaction if sufficiently far away. This mixture of material is then packed into a suitable carrier with radiation shielding, with one end open to allow the neutrons to shoot out in the direction of the open end, thus acting like a howitzer.
Neutron howitzers were used by Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassman, and Lise Meitner in 1938 to bombard uranium nuclei with neutrons in the hopes of making transuranic elements. To their surprise, they found barium residue, a clear indication that they had instead fissioned uranium nuclei. This discovery led to the development of the first nuclear reactor in 1942, and ultimately nuclear weapons in 1945.
# Kedar Pandey

Kedar Pandey (14 June 1920 – 3 July 1982) was an Indian freedom fighter and Indian National Congress politician, who remained the Chief Minister of Bihar from March 1972 to 2 July 1973 and Minister of Railways in the Union Cabinet from 12 November 1980 to 14 January 1982 in the Government of India.

## Personal life

His father's name was the late Pandit Ramphal Panday. He was born at Taulaha Village, West Champaran District on June 14, 1920. His early schooling took place in Paroraha village along with Vikas Mishra. Later on, both were imprisoned during the Indian freedom movement.
He married Smt. Kamla Panday on June 6, 1948. He was the father of two sons, including Dr. Manoj Pandey, and two daughters. He did M.Sc. and LL.B from Banaras Hindu University. By profession, he was an agriculturist as well as a political worker and advocate. He practised in the District Courts of Motihari and Bettiah from 1945 to 1948. He also enrolled as an advocate in the Patna High Court in 1949.

## Freedom Movement

Before independence, he participated in the Freedom Movement in 1942. Pandey was a part of the famous Young Turks of Bihar Congress during the independence movement along with Bindeshwari Dubey, Bhagwat Jha Azad, Chandrashekhar Singh, Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Abdul Ghafoor all future chief ministers and Sitaram Kesri, future national president of Indian National Congress. He participated in the Trade Union Movement from 1946 to 1957.

## Political career

In the first general elections held in 1957, he contested the Bagaha legislative constituency of the Bihar Vidhan Sabha and won. He served as Deputy Minister of Home Affairs, Police, Irrigation & Power among other portfolios from 1957 to 1962. He was again elected to the Bihar Vidhan Sabha in the Nautan constituency, serving from 1967 to 1977 holding ministerial portfolios such as Industry and Agriculture. He was the Health Minister of Bihar from 27 September 1973 to 11 April 1975 in the Abdul Gafoor cabinet.
He was imprisoned for eleven months, courted arrest three times during 1977-79, when Indira Gandhi was arrested. Post-Emergency, he was named Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee President in 1977. He was Vice-Chairman of Bihar Indian National Trade Union Congress. He was Chief Minister of Bihar from March 1972 to 2 July 1973.
In 1980 Congress (I) provided a ticket from Bettiah and he became a member of parliament Lok Sabha. He was Minister of Railways as well as Ministry of Rural Development from 12 November 1980 to 14 January 1982.
# New Boston Inn

The New Boston Inn is a historic inn at 101 North Main Street, the junction of Massachusetts Routes 8 and 57 in the center of the New Boston village of Sandisfield, Massachusetts. With a construction history dating back to c. 1750, it is one of the oldest buildings in the town, and a prominent local example of Federal period architecture. It has served as a traveler accommodation of some sort for over two centuries. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

## Description and history

The New Boston Inn occupies a prominent location in the center of New Boston village, at the northwest corner of Routes 8 and 57. Both roads are historically old roads, and the bridge over the West Branch Farmington River just to the inn's east is at the site of one of the first bridges to be built in what is now Sandisfield. The inn is a 2+1⁄2-story clapboarded wood-frame structure with Federal period styling. Its main entrance is flanked by sidelights and topped by an entablature, with a Palladian window in the second floor above. Inside, the second-floor ballroom is noted for arched ceiling. Extending west, and facing Route 57, is a two-story ell that is probably the oldest portion of the building. Extending northward from that ell is another long two-story ell.
The area that is now Sandisfield was first settled in 1740s. One of the early settlers was Daniel Brown, whose house is recorded as standing on this site in 1752. He is also later recorded as being an innkeeper. The architecture of the ell is consistent with the idea that it constitutes in large part the house that Brown built. Brown's son Sanford, who took over the property in 1792, was likely responsible for the construction of what is now the main portion of the inn. The inn flourished economically, in part because it was on the main stagecoach route between Hartford, Connecticut and Albany, New York. Although business declined as the expansion of railroads led to a decline in business on the stage routes, the inn was updated around 1885 to a "country hotel". It was revitalized with the advent of increased automobile traffic in the 1920s, which brought tourists to the area.