OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Contributors to the mathematical background for general relativity

This is a list of contributors to the mathematical background for general relativity. For ease of readability, the contributions (in brackets) are unlinked but can be found in the contributors' article.
* Top
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## B

* Luigi Bianchi (Bianchi identities, Bianchi groups, differential geometry)

## C

* Élie Cartan (curvature computation, early extensions of GTR, Cartan geometries)
* Elwin Bruno Christoffel (connections, tensor calculus, Riemannian geometry)
* Clarissa-Marie Claudel (Geometry of photon surfaces)

## D

* Tevian Dray (The Geometry of General Relativity)

## E

* Luther P. Eisenhart (semi-Riemannian geometries)
* Frank B. Estabrook (Wahlquist-Estabrook approach to solving PDEs; see also parent list)
* Leonhard Euler (Euler-Lagrange equation, from which the geodesic equation is obtained)

## G

* Carl Friedrich Gauss (curvature, theory of surfaces, intrinsic vs. extrinsic)

## K

* Martin Kruskal (inverse scattering transform; see also parent list)

## L

* Joseph Louis Lagrange (Lagrangian mechanics, Euler-Lagrange equation)
* Tullio Levi-Civita (tensor calculus, Riemannian geometry; see also parent list)
* André Lichnerowicz (tensor calculus, transformation groups)

## M

* Alexander Macfarlane (space analysis and Algebra of Physics)
* Jerrold E. Marsden (linear stability)

## N

* Isaac Newton (Newton's identities for characteristic of Einstein tensor)

## R

* Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro (Ricci tensor, differential geometry)
* Georg Bernhard Riemann (Riemannian geometry, Riemann curvature tensor)

## S

* Richard Schoen (Yamabe problem; see also parent list)
* Corrado Segre (Segre classification)

## W

* Hugo D. Wahlquist (Wahlquist-Estabrook algorithm; see also parent list)
* Hermann Weyl (Weyl tensor, gauge theories; see also parent list)
* Eugene P. Wigner (stabilizers in Lorentz group)
# The Laois Voice

The Laois Voice was a local newspaper in County Laois, Ireland. It was published by the now defunct Voice Newspaper group.
Following closure of several of the group's other publications, the Laois Voice shut down in 2008.
# Salvatierra de Tormes

Salvatierra de Tormes is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016 the municipality has a population of 78 inhabitants.
# New Union, Alabama

New Union is a census-designated place in Etowah County, Alabama, United States. Its population was 955 as of the 2010 census.
# Putra Permai MRT station

The Putra Permai MRT station (Working name: Taman Putra Permai) is a mass rapid transit (MRT) station that serves the suburb of Bandar Putra Permai in Selangor, Malaysia. It is one of the stations built as part of the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) project on the Putrajaya Line.

## Location

The station is located on Jalan Seri Kembangan near The Atmosphere, a mixed development in Seri Kembangan. Places of interests such as Giant Hypermarket Seri Kembangan supermarket and Farm In The City (petting zoo) are accessible within walking distance.

## Bus Services
### Feeder buses

| Route No. | Origin | Desitination | Via | Connecting to |
| T544 | PY37 Putra Permai MRT Station Entrance A | Taman Lestari Putra | Jalan Atmosphere Utama Farm In The City Persiaran Lestari Perdana Jalan KP 1/1 Persiaran Kota Perdana Persiaran Lestari Putra Jalan LEP 6 | T545 |
| T545 | PY37 Putra Permai MRT Station Entrance A | Puchong Utama | Puchong Indah LRT Puchong Perdana | 503, 600, 601, 608, T602 |
# Cochlearia groenlandica

Cochlearia groenlandica, known in English as Danish scurvygrass or Greenland scurvy-grass, is a flowering plant of the genus Cochlearia in the family Brassicaceae.
Cochlearia groenlandica grows as a solitary plants, the size of the individual plants varying between 1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in) to 15–20 centimetres (5.9–7.9 in) in diameter. The flowers are white or pale violet and 3–6 millimetres (0.12–0.24 in) in diameter. The plant flowers between June and August. Cochlearia groenlandica grows on open ground, typically beaches, tidal flats, gravelly or sandy ground and mud flat bird nesting sites. Its range is circumpolar, and present in all major Arctic regions. In North America, its range reaches from Canada and Alaska to Oregon and it has been found as far south as California.
# Emte (disambiguation)

Emte or EMTE was a Spanish industrial company (EMTA SA). It can also refer to:
* EMTÉ, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands
* EMTE (Eastern Machinery Trading Establishment), a Jordanian emergency vehicle and Refuse Collection Vehicle company
# Dedh galli

Dedh galli also spelt Dedh gully is a street market in Mumbai. It means one and a half alley. It has been described as one of Mumbai's three Chor Bazars or flea markets primarily for footwear. It is located in the Kamathipura area of the city, behind Alexander cinema. The market functions between 4 am to 8 am, on Friday and Sunday.
# Contributory infringement

Contributory infringement may refer to:
* contributory patent infringement
* contributory copyright infringement
# Euhyponomeuta

Euhyponomeuta is a genus of moths of the family Yponomeutidae.

## Species

* Euhyponomeuta rufimitrellus - Zeller, 1844
* Euhyponomeuta stannella - Thunberg, 1794
* Euhyponomeuta zhengi - Jin & Wang, 2011
# Cardiac aberrancy

Cardiac aberrancy is a type of disruption in the shape of the electrocardiogram signal, representing abnormal activation of the ventricular heart muscle via the electrical conduction system of the heart. Normal activation utilizes the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers to produce a narrow (QRS) electrical signal. Aberration occurs when the electrical activation of the heart, which is caused by a series of action potentials, is conducting improperly which can result in temporary changes in the morphology that looks like:
* Left bundle branch block
** Left anterior fascicular block
** Left posterior fascicular block
* Right bundle branch block
This is in contrast to a permanent dysfunction of the electrical pathways that produces wide QRS complexes in one of the above patterns or combinations of patterns (ie, bifascicular block).
In the context of atrial fibrillation, the Ashman phenomenon is a form of aberrancy.
Aberrancy is due to prematurity in which part of the conduction system is still refractory and cannot conduct the premature depolarization. This effect can sometimes be seen in the setting of a faster heart rate (tachycardia) and so is termed "rate-related aberrancy." After the first aberrant complex, subsequent complexes may be wide due to concealed conduction rather than aberrancy.
# Eymur

Eymur is a village and municipality in the Agdash Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 953. The municipality consists of the villages of Eymur and Ağcaqovaq.
# Christopher Knowles

Christopher Knowles may refer to:
* Christopher Knowles (poet), American poet and painter
* Christopher Knowles (comics), American comic book artist and writer
* Chris Knowles (footballer), English footballer
# Coat of arms of Bremen

The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen is a state, and Bremen is a city, in Germany.

## Description

The coat of arms of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen shows a silver key on a red shield. The key is the attribute of Simon Petrus, patron saint of the Bremen Cathedral, and it was first represented in the seal of the City of Bremen in 1366, after its liberation from the occupation by Prince-Archbishop Albert II, and later became the main element of the city's coat-of-arms.

## History

Bremen's red and white colors derive from the colors of the Hanseatic League. Starting in the 16th century, the shield was supported by angels, but from 1568, however, they were replaced by lions. In 1617 a helmet was added, but it was never officially part of the coat of arms. The crown on the coat of arms dates from the late 16th century.
In 1811, Napoleon Bonaparte added three bees to the coat of arms. The bees were used to claim that the Napoleonic Empire had Frankish heritage. Representations of bees were 1653 in the grave of Childeric I. They are meant to act as a symbol of France's ideals on immortality and rebirth. Napoleon also changed the colors of the coat of arms to the red and gold of his family, this being the only time Bremen used a coat of arms not featuring the historical colors of Bremen, red and white.
After the Napoleonic era, Bremen's previous coat of arms, a silver key on red, were restored.
# List of Telemundo affiliates

The following are lists of affiliates of the Telemundo television network:
* List of Telemundo affiliates (by U.S. state)
* List of Telemundo affiliates (table)
# Delta Machinery

Delta Power Equipment Corp. designs, manufactures and distributes power woodworking tools under the Delta Machinery brand.

## History

Delta traces its roots to the Delta Specialty Company founded by Herbert Tautz in 1919 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Based at first in Tautz' garage, Delta Specialty Company thrived, first making small tools for home shops and later expanding into light industrial machinery.
In 1945, Rockwell Manufacturing Company acquired Delta Machinery and renamed it the Delta Power Tool Division of Rockwell Manufacturing Company and continued to manufacture in Milwaukee.
In 1966, Rockwell invented the world's first power miter saw.
In 1981, Rockwell's power tool group was acquired by Pentair and re-branded Delta Machinery.
In 2004, Pentair's Tools group was acquired by Black & Decker.

## Current ownership

In January, 2011, Taiwan-based Chang Type Industrial Co., Ltd. purchased the Delta brand from Stanley Black & Decker. Chang Type formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Delta Power Equipment Corp. to own the acquired assets including trademarks, designs and industrial tooling. Chang Type is moving Delta's production tooling from a Stanley Black & Decker owned facility in Jackson, Tennessee to a facility in Anderson County, South Carolina. Most recently, Delta has purchased an improved facility in Spartanburg, SC and has moved all operations to this location.
# HMS Fury (1845)

HMS Fury was a Bulldog-class sloop designed by Sir William Symonds, Surveyor of the Navy. She was ordered on 19 February 1844. After commissioning she sailed for the East Indies and participated in action against pirate junks near Vietnam. She then was in the Black Sea for the Crimean War followed by the Second Opium War with China. She was sold for breaking in July 1864.
Fury was the eighth named vessel since it was used for a 14-gun sloop, launched by Lime & Mackenzie of Leith on 18 March 1779 and broken in April 1787.

## Construction

She was ordered on 19 February 1844 from Sheerness Dockyard and her keel was laid in June 1845. She was launched on 31 December 1845. Following her launch she was towed to Liverpool to have her boilers and machinery fitted. She was then towed back to Sheerness and was completed for sea on 6 July 1847 at an initial cost of £51,688 including the hull at £24,764, machinery at £22,142 and fitting at £4,782.

## Commissioned service
### First commission

She was commissioned on 20 July 1847 under Commander James Wilcox, RN for service on the East Indies and China Station. In conjunction with Columbine, they destroyed twenty-three pirate junks at Tysami on 29 September 1849 and a pirate fleet at Haipong on 20 to 21 October 1849. She returned to Home Waters for a refit at Woolwich Dockyard during 1851 costing £12,987.

### Second commission

She was commissioned on 4 December 1851 under the command of Commander Edward Tatham, RN for service in the Mediterranean. In 1854 she was sent to the Black Sea for the Crimean War. In August 1854 Commander Ennis Chambers, RN took command. She returned to Home Waters for a refit at Portsmouth costing £23,838 during 1855–1856.

### Third commission

She was commissioned on 1 August 1856 under the command of Commander Charles Taylor Leckie, RN for service on the East Indies and China Station. With Inflexible was involved with boats at Fatshan on 1 June 1857. In July 1759 Commander William Andrew James Heath, RN took command. She was in action at the Taku Forts on 26 June 1859. Commander John Crawford, RN took command on 2 January 1860. She returned to Home Waters to pay off on 19 June 1861.

## Disposition

She was sold to Castle & Beech in July 1864 and broken at Charlton.
# Gun Gospel

Gun Gospel is a 1927 American silent Western film directed by Harry Joe Brown and written by Marion Jackson and Don Ryan. It is based on the 1926 novel Gun Gospel by William Dawson Hoffman. The film stars Ken Maynard, Virginia Brown Faire, Romaine Fielding, Bob Fleming, J. P. McGowan and Jerry Madden. The film was released on November 6, 1927, by First National Pictures.

## Cast

* Ken Maynard as Granger Hume
* Virginia Brown Faire as Mary Carrol
* Romaine Fielding as Richard Carrol
* Bob Fleming as 'Dad' Walker
* J. P. McGowan as Bill Brogan
* Jerry Madden as Fielding's Son
* Noah Young as Jack Goodshot
* William J. Dyer as Sheriff
* Slim Whitaker as Brogan's Henchman
* Tarzan as Tarzan
# Ptilodexia tinctipennis

Ptilodexia tinctipennis is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Guyana.
# Carex sclerocarpa

Carex sclerocarpa is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to Taiwan and south central and south eastern parts of China.
# Putlur railway station

Putlur Railway Station is one of the railway stations of the Chennai Central–Arakkonam section of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. It serves the neighbourhood of Putlur, a suburb of Chennai, and is located 39 km west of Chennai Central railway station. It has an elevation of 44 m above sea level.
Putlur is a halt station and not a full-fledged one.

## History

The lines at the station were electrified on 29 November 1979, with the electrification of the Chennai Central–Tiruvallur section.

## Station Layout

This suburban railway station consists of 2 Platforms (1 side platform and 1 island platform) which can fit an 24-coach express train.
| G | North Entrance Street level | Exit/Entrance, FOB & ticket counter |
| P | Track 4 | Towards → MGR Chennai Central |
| P | Track 3 | Towards ← Arakkonam Junction / Jolarpettai Junction |
| FOB, Island platform | P2 Doors will open on the left | T3 & T4 – Express Lines | |
| P | Platform 2 | Towards → Chennai Central MMC next station is Sevvapet Road |
| P | Platform 1 | Towards ← Arakkonam Junction next station is Tiruvallur |
| FOB, Side platform | P1 Doors will open on the left | |
| G | South Entrance Street level | Exit/Entrance & ticket counter |
# Oostanaula, Georgia

Oostanaula is an unincorporated community in Gordon County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

A post office called Oostanaula was established in 1881, and remained in operation until being discontinued in 1920. Oostanaula is a name derived from the Cherokee language meaning "shoally river".
# Pachyteles gyllenhalii

Pachyteles gyllenhalii is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.
# Engaewa similis

Engaewa similis is a species of Australian crayfish in the family Parastacidae.

## Distribution and conservation

E. similis is endemic to the Augusta region in Western Australia, and can be found from the Margaret River to the vicinity of Windy Harbour. Although previously considered an endangered species, E. similis is now listed as a species of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, since it is abundant at the sites where it persists.

## Description

An adult female holotype (a single physical example of the species) was found in Augusta, Western Australia by L. P. Smith in 1961. In 1967, E. F. Riek gave detailed description of the holotype, held at the Western Australian Museum; it was 36 millimetres (1.4 in) long (cephalothorax 16.5 mm or 0.65 in), with a blue colour on the chela, and was similar to Engaewa reducta apart from the shape of the rostrum, the structure of the chela and the shape of the telson and uropods.
# HMS Thane

USS Sunset (CVE-48) (previously AVG-48 then ACV-48) was a Bogue-class escort carrier. Assigned on 23 August 1942 to MC hull 259, a modified C3-S-A1 laid down on 23 February 1943 by Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding of Tacoma, Washington; launched on 15 July and redesignated CVE-48 the same day; sponsored by Mrs. C.E. Taylor. She was transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend-Lease agreement on 19 November; and commissioned the same day as HMS Thane (D48), a Ruler-class escort carrier in the Royal Navy.
HMS Thane operated in the North Atlantic protecting convoys and ferrying aircraft for use in the European Theater. On 15 January 1945, while ferrying aircraft in the Irish Sea, she was torpedoed by the German submarine U-1172 and severely damaged, losing her starboard aft 5 inch gun and its sponson, disabling propulsion, and losing 10 men. Taken to Gare Loch in the Firth of Clyde, southwest Scotland, she was examined, declared a constructive total loss and decommissioned to reserve. She was returned to United States custody while in the United Kingdom on 12 May. Determined to be of no use to the United States Navy, she was slated for disposal in October; and she was subsequently scrapped.

## Design and description

These ships were all larger and had a greater aircraft capacity than all the preceding American built escort carriers. They were also all laid down as escort carriers and not converted merchant ships. All the ships had a complement of 646 men and an overall length of 492 feet 3 inches (150.0 m), a beam of 69 feet 6 inches (21.2 m) and a draught of 25 ft 6 in (7.8 m). Propulsion was provided a steam turbine, two boilers connected to one shaft giving 9,350 shaft horsepower (6,970 kW), which could propel the ship at 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph).
Aircraft facilities were a small combined bridge–flight control on the starboard side, two aircraft lifts 43 feet (13.1 m) by 34 feet (10.4 m), one aircraft catapult and nine arrestor wires. Aircraft could be housed in the 260 feet (79.2 m) by 62 feet (18.9 m) hangar below the flight deck. Armament comprised: two 4"/50, 5"/38 or 5"/51 Dual Purpose guns in single mounts, sixteen 40 mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns in twin mounts and twenty 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft cannons in single mounts. They had a maximum aircraft capacity of twenty-four aircraft which could be a mixture of Grumman Martlet, Vought F4U Corsair or Hawker Sea Hurricane fighter aircraft and Fairey Swordfish or Grumman Avenger anti-submarine aircraft.
The last voyage of Thane brought the first helicopters to the UK. Nine Sikorsky R-4B Hoverflys were flown on at Norfolk, Virginia on 29–30 December 1944, snowy weather delaying the loading of half of them to the following day. On arrival of the damaged Thane, seven were flown off to RDU Abbotsinch and two, thought to be damaged, were craned off.
# Guinea pig maximisation test

The Guinea pig maximisation test (GPMT) is an in vivo test to screen for substances that cause human skin sensitisation (i.e. allergens). It was first proposed by B. Magnusson and Albert Kligman in 1969 and described in their 1970 book Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Guinea Pig.
The test is composed of two phases, the induction phase and the challenge phase. The induction phase includes exposing a test group of animals twice to the test material, first by intradermal injection followed by topical application seven days later. During Induction A, the test animals are exposed intradermally to the test material, along with an adjuvant to enhance the immune reaction of the guinea pig. During Induction B, the topical induction, the test group is exposed to the test article for 48 hours, occluded.
The guinea pigs are then a short while later exposed to a lower concentration of the test material, and their allergic reaction, if any, measured. 15% of guinea pigs must show a reaction for the test to be considered positive. 20 animals would typically be used to ensure against false negative results.
The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals guideline No. 406 of 1992.
The test has been largely superseded by the murine local lymph node assay. D.A. Basketter and E.W. Scholes reviewed them in 1992
The REACH Regulation, Annex VII, paragraph 8.3 states "The Murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) is the first-choice method for in vivo testing. Only in exceptional circumstances should another test be used. Justification for the use of another test shall be provided."
# The India-Rubber Men

The India-Rubber Men is a 1929 crime novel by the British writer Edgar Wallace. It was part of a series of books featuring the character Inspector Elk of Scotland Yard.

## Synopsis

Police hunt for a gang called the India-Rubber Men, who wear gasmasks and rubber gloves, and carry gas bombs to stave off pursuit.

## Film adaptations

In 1938 it was turned into a film The Return of the Frog starring Gordon Harker.
It was loosely adapted into the 1962 West German film The Inn on the River, part of Rialto Film's long-running series of Wallace adaptations.

## Characters

* William Elk - A retired inspector who comes out of hiding
* Harry Lime - The retired murderer Known as “The Frog” who faked his death
* Insp. Philo Johnstone - a man who is taking Elk’s place as inspector
* Mr. Wade - the officer patrolling the Mecca
* Leila Smith - the woman who is the target of The Indian Rubber Men
* Ned Acks - The mysterious man Who is trying to sell the Mecca
* Dr. Charles Ionn - A Doctor who Does the autopsy of the victims
* James - Richard Gordon’s Butler and Valet
* Richard Gordon - a friend of William Elk Who comes to solve the case
* Sir John Archibald - The Chief inspector of the police
* H.Kipp - A Spy Who stalks the river
# Salvia rubriflora

Salvia rubriflora is a perennial clump forming undershrub endemic to Colombia, growing on exposed grassy banks, near streams, and in dry bushland at elevations from 2,600 to 3,000 m (8,500 to 9,800 ft). It is an uncommon plant, most often found at the Cundinamarca-Boyaca border.
It is described as one of the more distinctive Colombian salvias, growing 1 to 2 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft) tall with erect stems and triangular-hastate leaves that are 12 to 20 cm (4.7 to 7.9 in) long and 6 to 9 cm (2.4 to 3.5 in) wide. The red flower is 2.5 to 3 cm (0.98 to 1.18 in) long.
# Newington, Mpumalanga

Newington is a town in Ehlanzeni District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa.
# Op. 103

In music, Op. 103 stands for Opus number 103. Compositions that are assigned this number include:
* Beethoven – Octet
* Haydn - Quartet No. 68 in D minor
* Prokofiev – Piano Sonata No. 9
* Saint-Saëns – Piano Concerto No. 5
* Schumann – Mädchenlieder (2 women's voices and piano)
* Shostakovich – Symphony No. 11
# Pachyteria dimidiata

Pachyteria dimidiata, the mimusop stem borer, is a species of round-necked longhorn beetle of the subfamily Cerambycinae.

## Description

Pachyteria dimidiata can reach a body length of about 25–29 millimetres (0.98–1.14 in). Body is shining bluish-black, with a broad yellow band nearly across the middle of the elytra and yellow six terminal joints of the hooked antennae. Length of antennae is about equal to the body. This wood boring species is considered a pest on ornamental and fruit trees, especially on the ironwood tree (Mimusops elengi).

## Distribution

This species can be found in China, India, Iran, Laos, Malaysia, Sumatra, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam.
# Ephedra foliata

Ephedra foliata is a species of gymnosperm in the Ephedraceae family. It is referred to by the common name shrubby horsetail. It is native to North Africa, and Southwest Asia, from Morocco and Mauritania east to Turkmenistan, Pakistan, and Punjab State in India.

## Taxonomy

Ephedra foliata was originally described by Pierre Edmond Boissier, later validly published by Carl Anton von Meyer in 1846, and placed in section Pseudobaccatae (=sect. Ephedra), "tribe" Scandentes by Otto Stapf in 1889. In 1996 Robert A. Price classified E. foliata in section Ephedra without recognizing a tribe.