OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gerald Thesiger

Sir Gerald Alfred Thesiger, MBE (25 December 1902 – 16 April 1981) was a judge of the High Court of England and Wales of the Queen's Bench Division between 1958 and 1978.

## Early life and education

Thesiger was born on Christmas Day 1902 in Holyport, Berkshire. He was the son of Major-General George Handcock Thesiger and his wife, Frances Fremantle, daughter of General Fitzroy William Fremantle. He was educated at Gresham's School, Holt, Magdalen College, Oxford (1922–1925), and the Inner Temple.
Thesiger's grandfather was Lt.-General the Hon. Charles Wemyss Thesiger, a younger son of a Lord Chancellor, Frederic Thesiger, 1st Baron Chelmsford. The British general Frederic Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford, and the judge Alfred Henry Thesiger (one of the youngest Lords Justices of Appeal in history) were his great-uncles.

## Career

In 1926, he was called to the Bar as a barrister. He was appointed Recorder of Rye in 1937.
During World War II, he was commissioned as a Major in the Office of the Judge Advocate General, and was appointed Recorder of Hastings in 1942. He entered local government in London, initially as a member of Fulham Borough Council from 1934 to 1937 and then of Chelsea Borough Council from 1937 to 1958. He was Mayor of Chelsea from 1944 to 1946. He took silk as a King's Counsel in 1948 and was appointed Recorder of Southend-on-Sea in 1952. He became a Bencher of the Inner Temple in 1956 and served as a High Court Judge of the Queen's Bench Division between 1958 and 1978.

## Personal life

On 28 July 1932, Thesiger married Marjorie Ellen Guille, daughter of Raymond Guille of Long Island, New York, and they had three daughters, Oonah Caroline Thesiger (born 1936), Virginia Mary (born 1941, died 1972), and Juliet Elizabeth (born 1943).

## Honours

* Member of the Order of the British Empire, 1946
* Knight, 1958
* President of the British Academy of Forensic Sciences

## Publications

* The Judge and the Expert Witness in Medicine, Science and the Law, 1975, volume 15
# Edith Smith Davis

Edith Smith Davis (January 20, 1869 – 1918) was a major leader in the temperance movement. Born on a farm near Janesville, Wisconsin, she served as Superintendent of the Bureau of Scientific Investigation and the Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction of both the U.S and the international Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Smith also edited The Temperance Education Quarterly (1910–1917). In 1884 she married Rev. J. S. Davis and began her work in the WCTU. In 1907, she received an honorary Doctor of Letters (Litt.D) degree from Lawrence University. Her book Whether White or Black a Man—a critique of racist attitudes in the Jim Crow Era—was published in 1898 by the Fleming H. Revell religious publishers. She considered it to be in the footsteps of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.
# Koyunkıran, Kargı

Koyunkıran is a village in the Kargı District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 40 (2022).
# Cacique Guaro

Cacique Guaro is a brand of guaro produced by Fábrica Nacional de Licores or "FANAL". Cacique Guaro is a sugar cane-based liquor of high purity and is the best-selling distilled spirit in Costa Rica. It is known as "Costa Rican liqueur". As it has a neutral taste, guaro can be consumed pure or combined with any natural or artificial mixing.

## History

Since its beginning in 1853, the National Liquor Factory has sold the liquor in barrels through liquor agencies. The agencies, in turn, placed it in bars and other outlets in the containers that clients provided. The alcohol content of liquor was 35°.
Since August 1980, FANAL has marketed the liquor in a one-liter glass bottle with a low ABV of 30° under the name of Guaro Cacique. Cacique is also available in 750 ml glass bottles and 365 ml plastic bottles.
FANAL produces and uses in its beverages a licensed ethyl alcohol that is intended for drinking.
Fanal produces two guaro products known as Guaro Cacique (with a red label) and Cacique Superior (with a black label). The latter is 35 ABV or 70 proof. Its design is based on high purity rubbing alcohol and subjected to further purification, in which the liquor is filtered through activated carbon to increase its purity and perfect its aroma.

### Origin of the name

Guaro is a term used in Central America to refer to a traditional alcohol distilled from sugar cane. The word cacique means the leader of a tribe. Another factor contributing to renaming the product "cacique guaro" was an excavation made by the National Museum on land currently occupied by FANAL, where the archeologists discovered the largest known indigenous settlement to date in the canton of Grecia. The excavation took place from 1977 to 1980.
The drink is nicknamed "cuatro plumas", meaning "four feathers", and refers to the cacique wearing four feathers on the label.

## Production process

The process of making the product begins with the raw material called pre-processed alcohol, which FANAL receives mainly from mills in the area of Guanacaste. The alcohol passes into the distillate area where it begins preparation, through columns whose primary function is to purify vinasse. Once purified, the alcohol is passed to the storage area.

## Bottling

* The end product is received in the machines that handle fillers to complete the filling.
* A capping machine places caps on the containers.
* A machine adheres the label.
* A machine deposits the glass or plastic bottles in plastic crates or cardboard for referral to the storage and shipping area.

## Storage and Shipping

The final product is stored in two warehouses called "Liquor Fine Winery" and "Common Spirits Cellar" before being released for customer trucks or FANAL's own, which transports the finished product to customer proprietary or vendors.

## Types

* Cacique Guaro (bottled with a red label, 365 ml (popularly called "pacha"), 750 ml and 1000)
* Superior Cacique Guaro (bottled with a black label, 365 ml and 750 ml only)
* Roncolorado (bottled with a yellow label, 365 ml and 1000)
# Engelbert-von-Berg-Gymnasium Wipperfürth

Engelbert-von-Berg-Gymnasium Wipperfürth (EvB) is a gymnasium (secondary school) in Wipperfürth, Germany.
The school in its modern form began in 1830.

## Notable alumni

* Afu Thomas - Social media figure in China
# Robin Denselow

Robin Denselow is an English writer, journalist, and broadcaster.

## Education

Denselow was educated at Leighton Park School, a boys' Quaker boarding independent school (now co-educational) in Reading, Berkshire, followed by New College, Oxford, where he studied English.

## Life and career

After a student-trip to India with COMEX, the Commonwealth Expedition in 1965, Denselow first joined the BBC African Service as a producer and reporter working on current affairs programmes. In 1980, when BBC Two's flagship news programme Newsnight started, he became a reporter for them. Denselow has reported from all over the world but with a particular interest in Africa, South America and the Middle East. His report on Gulf War syndrome in 1993 won the International TV Programming Award at the New York Television Festival.
As well as reporting on current affairs, Denselow has written extensively on world music and folk music for The Guardian newspaper and other publications. By 1989, he was also covering rock/pop reviews for the paper. In the 1980s, he chaired the music discussion programme Eight Days a Week. His book When the Music's Over: the Story of Political Pop was published by Faber and Faber in 1989.
# George T. Odom

George T. Odom (August 21, 1950 – c. September 21, 2016) was an American character actor, known for roles in film and television. Odom received an Independent Spirit Awards nomination for Best Supporting Male for his portrayal of Ray Brown in the 1991 independent film, Straight Out of Brooklyn.

## Biography

Odom was born in The Bronx, New York City, on August 21, 1950, to parents, Mary Ruth (née Brown) and Furman Odom. He was one of four siblings.
In 1991, Odom made his film debut in Straight Out of Brooklyn, portraying Ray Brown, the troubled father of Dennis, played by Lawrence Gilliard Jr. Odom received a nomination for Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his performance, but lost to David Strathairn at the 1992 ceremony. Odom's and Strathairn's fellow nominees in that category were William H. Macy, John Malkovich and Glenn Plummer.
Odom's additional films included Malcolm X in 1992 and The Hurricane in 1999 film. His television credits included guest appearances on New York Undercover, The Sopranos, Third Watch and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Odom appeared on eight episodes of Law & Order between 1991 and 2008.
George T. Odom died on September 17, 2016, in Kannapolis, North Carolina, at the age of 66. He was survived by his children, Lisa Odom and David Odom; his grandson; and his sister, Doris Odom; and predeceased by his two brothers, James Odom and Furman Odom, Jr. His funeral was held at the Greater Providence Baptist Church in Charlotte.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1991 | Straight Out of Brooklyn | Ray Brown |
| 1992 | Malcolm X | Barber #4 |
| 1993 | Who's the Man? | Albert |
| 1995 | Sweet Nothing | Spanky |
| 1995 | Let It Be Me | Food Line People |
| 1996 | Gotti | The Zulu Chief |
| 1997 | Kicked in the Head | Doorperson |
| 1997 | White Lies | Cop at Party |
| 1999 | Rudy Blue | Jordon Tate |
| 1999 | The Hurricane | Big Ed |
| 2002 | Pipe Dream | Maintenance Guy |
| 2007 | The Speed of Life | Forrest |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1991–2008 | Law & Order | Louis / Reginald Rice / Bobby Williams | 8 episodes |
| 1995 | New York Undercover | Black Uni | Episode: "Eliminate the Middleman" |
| 1999–2001 | Third Watch | Rig Driver / Dwayne | 2 episodes |
| 2001 | Law & Order: Special Victims Unit | Foreman | Episode: "Scourge" |
| 2001 | Law & Order: Criminal Intent | Redcap | Episode: "One" |
| 2004 | The Sopranos | Nelson | Episode: "Where's Johnny" |
| 2005 | Jonny Zero | Dada | Episode: "To Serve and to Protect" |

### Music videos

| Year | Song | Artist | Notes |
| 1992 | "Money Don't Matter 2 Night" | Prince | |
# Haut (newspaper)

Haut was a newspaper published in Luxembourg between 1981 and 1983.
* This Luxembourg newspaper-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Paul Neary

Paul Neary (18 December 1949 – 10 February 2024) was a British comic book artist, writer and editor.
His first work was for Warren Publishing in the 1970s before working with Dez Skinn at Marvel UK as well as work for 2000 AD. He later became editor-in-chief of Marvel UK in the 1990s but is now best known for inking Bryan Hitch's work on The Ultimates for Marvel Comics.

## Biography

His first published work was in Warren's anthology title, Eerie, working on various stories and series including "Hunter" and its sequels, before drawing various Future Shocks for 2000AD for various writers, including Alan Moore.
In 1979 he started working on Hulk Weekly for Marvel UK which had just been drastically revamped by Dez Skinn. During this time he drew various strips for Marvel UK, including Hulk and Nick Fury, plus helping new artists such as Alan Davis.
During the early 1980s he created Madman for Dez Skinn's Warrior before becoming a regular inker for Alan Davis's work for DC Comics. Their most notable work at this time being a run drawing Batman for Detective Comics.
Neary became closely associated with Davis, inking his work from titles such as Uncanny X-Men to Captain Britain. Their working partnership lasted until his death.
Neary became editor-in-chief of Marvel UK from c. 1990–1993, helping launch a number of US-sized titles in addition to the company's ongoing UK range. This began with Death's Head II and was followed by titles such as Hell's Angel (changed to Dark Angel after a copyright battle with the Hells Angels), Warheads, Digitek and Motormouth (later Motormouth and Killpower). Sales of the comics were initially high but over-expansion soon brought an end to Marvel UK's US line, with Panini Comics buying the company's assets, including Doctor Who Magazine.
Neary had been concentrating on inking since then. He has inked Bryan Hitch's work on The Authority and regularly worked with Hitch on The Ultimates for Marvel Comics.
Paul Neary died after a long illness on 10 February 2024, at the age of 74.

## Awards

* 1989:
** won Best Art Team Eisner Award for Excalibur (with Alan Davis)
** won Favourite Artist (inker) US Eagle Award
* 1999: nominated for Favourite Comic Book Artist (inking) Eagle Award
* 2000: nominated for Favourite Comic Book Artist (inks) Eagle Award
* 2005: won Favourite Comic Story Eagle Award for The Ultimates volume 2 #1–9 (with Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch)
* 2006: won Favourite Comic Artist: Inks Eagle Award
# Edith Sitzmann

Edith Sitzmann (born 4 January 1963, Regensburg) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens party served as State Minister of Finance in the second cabinet of Minister-President Winfried Kretschmann of Baden-Württemberg from 2017 to 2021. She was also a member of the State Parliament, representing the Freiburg II constituency [de]. From 2011 to 2016, she led the Green Party's Group in the State Parliament.

## Early life and education

Sitzmann was born on 4 January 1963 in Regensburg. She studied the humanities at the University of Freiburg, University of Regensburg, and Heidelberg University. Sitzmann earned a magister degree in 1989, then began working until 1991 as a tour guide for American exchange students.

## Political career

Sitzmann joined the Alliance 90/The Greens party. From 1993 to 2001, she was a personal friend of and adviser to Dieter Salomon, a member of the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg. From 1994, she also worked as a freelance presenter and consultant for non-profit organizations until 2001, when she started her own business. In that time, Sitzmann also joined the district board of Alliance 90/The Greens from 1993 to 1994, and then the party's state board from 1995 to 1999.
In the negotiations to form a coalition government with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) under the leadership of Kretschmann following the 2016 state elections, Sitzmann led her party’s delegation in the working group on integration.
In May 2016, Sitzmann was appointed State Minister of Finance for Baden-Württemberg. She announced in 2020 that she would not stand for reelection in the 2021 state elections.

## Other activities
### Corporate boards

* EnBW, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors (2017–2021)
* KfW, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors (2017–2021)
* Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors (2017–2021)

### Non-profit organizations

* German Federation for the Environment and Nature Conservation (BUND)
* Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU), Member

## Citations

* ↑ Grüne starten in Koalitionsverhandlungen mit der CDU Bündnis 90/Die Grünen Baden-Württemberg, press release of 6 April 2016.
* ↑ Krauß, Bärbel; Rebhan, Christiane (23 January 2020). "Warum Edith Sitzmann und Franz Untersteller sich zurückziehen". Stuttgarter Nachrichten (in German). Retrieved 25 March 2020.
* ↑ Supervisory Board EnBW.
* ↑ Board of Supervisory Directors and its Committees Archived 2017-08-16 at the Wayback Machine KfW.
* ↑ Supervisory Board Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW).
* ↑ Edith Sitzmann Archived 2020-11-01 at the Wayback Machine Landtag of Baden-Württemberg.
* ↑ Edith Sitzmann Archived 2020-11-01 at the Wayback Machine Landtag of Baden-Württemberg.
vteAlliance 90/The Greens :
(German: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) :
# Cacique, Distrito Nacional

Cacique is a sector or neighborhood in the city of Santo Domingo in the Distrito Nacional of the Dominican Republic. This neighborhood is populated in particular by individuals from the upper middle class.

## Sources

* Distrito Nacional sectors Archived 2008-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
* This Dominican Republic location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Sabre (tank)

Sabre is a variation of the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked), featuring the turret from a wheeled Fox Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle mounted on the hull of a tracked FV101 Scorpion.

## Development

This UK hybrid vehicle was introduced as a less expensive way of producing a similar vehicle to the 30mm cannon armed FV107 Scimitar tracked reconnaissance vehicle, but with a slightly lower profile turret. It was brought into service in 1995. During initial combat exercises, several flaws were identified. In particular, the vehicle lacked defensive capabilities. As such, modifications were made to the turret of the Sabre to include redesigned smoke grenade launchers and the L94A1 7.62 mm chain gun replacing the standard 7.62 mm FN MAG general-purpose machine gun, for anti-personnel use. An ammunition hopper sits on the side of the machine gun allowing the weapon to be more quickly reloaded than a belt-fed machine gun.
The UK initiated the Tactical Reconnaissance Armoured Combat Equipment Requirement (TRACER) to replace the Sabre and Scimitar. In 1996 the U.S. joined in on the project. In 2001, both the UK and U.S. dropped out of the joint program.
The marriage of the Fox turret and Scorpion chassis was not successful, and Sabre was withdrawn from British Army service in 2004.

## Additional specification

* Smoke grenade dischargers
* Ammunition:
** 30 mm: 160 rounds Armour-piercing Enhanced Penetration (APEP) and High Explosive (HE)
** 7.62 mm: 3,000 rounds
# Enigma Force

Enigma Force may refer to:
* The Enigma Force (comics), which creates Captain Universe
* Enigma Force (video game)
* Enigma Force: a strike force of the United Liberation Front of Asom
# El Sauce, Nicaragua

El Sauce (Spanish pronunciation:) is a town and a municipality in the León Department of Nicaragua. Located in the foothills of the Segovia Mountains, the municipality has a population of 31,750 and covers an area of 693 km$^2$.
El Sauce is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Achuapa and Estelí and bordered to the south by the municipality of Larreynaga.

## History

El Sauce was originally called Guayabal. The town gained much attention when a statue called the Black Christ of Esquipulas was sent there from Guatemala was placed for the first time under a willow tree. From then, the area was renamed "El Sauce".
During the decade of 1900, El Sauce was a railway crossing which included items such as coffee and animals being moved to the port city of Corinto. The railway closed 40 years ago because it was sold as scrap, an event that had significant impact on the railway closure. El Sauce is still a small town dedicated to agricultural production, bees, and livestock.
The town was the site of a battle that pitted the American Marines and Nicaraguan National Guardsmen against Sandinista rebels on December 26, 1932, during the Sandino Rebellion. It was the last major action of the war.

## Population

In 1971, El Sauce had a population of 12,869 inhabitants. In 1995 the population grew to 24,289 inhabitants, which represents 7.36% of total department. The annual growth rate of the municipality of the last inter-census period (1971–1995) was 2.82%.
El Sauce, León, Nicaragua

## Gallery

* The welcome sign to El Sauce
* The early cobblestone road going into El Sauce
* The second half of the road going into El Sauce
* A street in El Sauce
# NGC 3175

NGC 3175 is a spiral galaxy located in the far eastern part of the southern constellation of Antlia at an approximate distance of 54 million light-years. NGC 3175 was discovered on March 30, 1835 by English astronomer John Herschel, whose notes described it as, "considerably bright, large, much extended NE-SW, very gradually little brighter middle". This galaxy is the namesake of the NGC 3175 group of galaxies, which includes the spiral galaxy NGC 3137.
The morphological classification of this galaxy is SAB(s)b, which indicates a weakly-barred spiral galaxy (SAB) with no inner ring structure (s), and somewhat tightly wound spiral arms (b). It spans an angular size of 5′.0 × 1′.3, with the major axis aligned along a position angle of 56°. The plane of the galaxy is inclined at an angle of 77° to the line of sight from the Earth, and thus is being viewed close to edge on.
A study of the galaxy using the Australia Telescope Compact Array found that the outer disk of this galaxy, beyond a radius of 3.5 kpc from the core, is free of neutral hydrogen emission. This is an indication that no star formation is occurring, which is peculiar for a spiral galaxy. In contrast, the central region is undergoing star formation and contains 5.8×10$^8$ M$_☉$ of neutral hydrogen. There are no nearby galaxies that could explain the stripping of hydrogen gas from the outer part of the galaxy.
# George T. McDonald

George Thomas McDonald (April 28, 1944 – January 26, 2021) was an American philanthropist and social worker who was known for being the founder of homeless advocacy group The Doe Fund.

## Early life

McDonald was born in Spring Lake, New Jersey, on April 28, 1944, to Helen (née Storminger) and John McDonald. His mother was a homemaker and his father was an insurance executive. He grew up in a single parent household with his father leaving before he was born. He spent much of his early years visiting his mother who was in a hospital with tuberculosis. He attended a Catholic elementary and middle school. He would attribute his upbringing to the learnings from priests in the school. He was known to have had ambitions to becoming the President and had subscribed to The Congressional Record as early as 8.

## Career

In the mid-1960s, he dropped out of college and went on to join a department store as a salesman in New Jersey, before going on to serving as an executive on clothing companies in New York's Garment District. It was at this time that he was exposed to the homeless in New York City's parks, subways, and streets. He quit his job in the mid-1980s, and went to try living on minimum-wage jobs including at mailroom. He volunteered at the Coalition for the Homeless, serving the homeless at the Grand Central Terminal. When a homeless acquaintance of his, later named "Mama Doe", died on Christmas day, when she was expelled from camping at the terminal, he set up The Doe Fund to pressure city officials to find homes for the homeless.
In 1988, he received a contract from the city to help renovate some of the city's unused buildings by employing people experiencing homelessness to perform basic construction and renovation. However, the fund was staring at bankruptcy when the city sold off the buildings that the group was working on. It was then that he started a street worker program, initially shovelling snow from streets in the Upper East Side, and later getting a street cleaning deal. This was the time that the program's jobs program Ready, Willing, & Able, was launched. During the 1990s, when there was broad consensus that welfare handouts were not creating self reliance, he spoke out for low-wage starting jobs as a means to encourage social mobility rather than just seeking handouts. The fund then provided job training, placement services, and meals for the homeless. The fund also provides transitional beds, affordable housing, and support for HIV/AIDS patients, low income families, and those suffering from mental and physical disabilities.
McDonald ran an unsuccessful campaign for the mayoral position for New York City in 2013. He was on the board of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey from 2017 until his death.

## Personal life

He had two marriages that ended in divorce before he married Harriet Karr. McDonald met Karr, a screenwriter, who had earlier written a script on April Savino, a nineteen year old homeless woman, at the latter's funeral. McDonald died on January 26, 2021, from cancer at the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan, New York.