OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Salix mielichhoferi

Salix mielichhoferi, the Tauern willow, is a plant from the genus of willow (Salix). It occurs in the montane and subalpine altitudes in the crystalline central Alps of Italy and Austria.

## Vegetative characteristics

The Tauern willow is an upright shrub with a broad canopy and reaches heights of 1 to 4 m (3 ft 3 in to 13 ft 1 in). The bark of the branches is bare and shiny.
The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 5 to 10 millimeters long and has no glands on top. The leaf blade is elliptic to oblong-elliptical to wide-inverted-eilanzettlich at a length of 3 to 10 cm. It is green on both sides. When dried they are mostly black spots. The leaves are not frosted, they can only be indistinctly frosted on long shoots. The leaf veins protrude from the bare and shiny underside of the leaf.

## Generative characteristics

Flowering occurs between May and July before the leaves unfold.

## Chromosome set

In the Salix genus, the basic chromosome number is x = 19. The Tauern willow is mostly hexaploid and the chromosome number is usually 2n = 114. For Italian populations there are also reports for 2n = 152.

## Range

The Tauern willow occurs only in Italy and Austria.
In Austria it occurs in the federal states of Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg and Tyrol. The focus of the Austrian occurrence is in the Central Alps . The localities range from the Stubai Alps on the Tux and Zillertal Alps, the High and Low Tauern including Defereggengebirge, Kreuzeckgruppe, Nock, Koralpe, Saualpe and Seetal Alps to Stubalpe and the Seckau Alps. There are individual deposits in the northern Alps, for example on the Rofan, Hochkönig and Dachstein . In the Austrian Southern Alps, the Tauern willow occurs on the western edge of the Carnic Alps and in the Gailtal Alps.
In Styria and in Carinthia, the Tauern willow is completely protected, in Salzburg and Tyrol it is partially protected.
In Italy, the Tauern willow was found in the five provinces of Bozen (South Tyrol), Trento, Brescia, Belluno and Udine . Information from Switzerland for the Lower Engadine could not be confirmed.
The Tauern willow occurs in the montane to subalpine altitude range, in Austria at altitudes from 1300 to 2200 meters. The focus is on the subalpine level. There are also individual occurrences outside this altitude range, for example at Kals at 1250 meters and at the Großglockner High Alpine Road at 2300 meters. The main occurrences are in the green alder bush forest, in high-montane to subalpine willow bushes over silicate in alluvions and riverside pioneer locations of rivers.

## Taxonomy

Tauerngasleitung willow (Salix mielichhoferi) is connected to the black willow (Salix myrsinifolia) and is together with the latter in a Salix nigricans - aggregate provided.
Salix mielichhoferi was named by its first describer Anton Sauter after the Salzburg botanist Matthias Mielichhofer, who was the first to collect this species. The Locus classicus is the now dilapidated Schappachalm, southwest of Hüttschlag at around 1580 m above sea level, in the Ankogel group, Hohe Tauern, Salzburg.
# Chaviães

Chaviães is a former civil parish in the municipality of Melgaço in the Viana do Castelo District, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Chaviães e Paços. It has a population of 431 inhabitants and a total area of 4.47 km$^2$.
# Château de Beaucaire

The Château de Beaucaire (Provençal: Castèu de Bèucaire) is a ruined castle in the commune of Beaucaire in the Gard département of France.
The existing structures date from the 12th and 16th centuries, with other elements from various times in the Middle Ages.
First built in the 11C, it was torn down on Richelieu's orders. It used to be protected by a wall, the trace of which can still be followed. It includes a strange polygonal tower perched on a rocky spur, the façades dominating the sheer drop, and a fine round corner tower. Once inside the walls, a staircase leads to a small Romanesque chapel with a charming, sculpted tympanum, and then to the musée Auguste Jacquet. The museum has exhibits on the region's archaeology (dating back more than 40,000 years) and popular arts and traditions.
The castle is owned by the commune and is open to the public. It has been listed since 1875 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. This intercommunality undertook work to reopen the main door of the castle in 2014. This door, which was intended for the entrance of the garrisons, now overlooks the void and today allows visitors to have a panoramic view on the landscape.
Beyond its frequentation by tourists passionate about local culture, the castle is sometimes used for filmed historical reenactments, series or films.
# Comet (British racing dinghy)

The Comet is a single handed, one design racing dinghy available with three separate rigging options: Standard, Xtra and Mino, that can be raced competitively alongside each other. It is mainly sailed in the United Kingdom at club level and at open meetings organised by the Comet Class Association. The Comet is a recognised RYA dinghy class.

## Specifications

The Comet has a large uncluttered cockpit, rear mainsheet (with centre mainsheet permitted under class rules) and an unbattened sail with a sleeve luff on an unstayed rig. The hull and deck is manufactured from glass-reinforced plastic and available in a number of colour combinations.
The sail area of 70 square feet (6.5 m$^2$) for the standard Comet rig is slightly less than for the International Laser Standard. The mast is in two sections and is loose footed like the Laser rig.
Latest sail number: 880

## Rigging options

* Standard: 70 sq ft (6.5 m$^2$)
* Xtra (Mylar Sail): 65 sq ft (6.0 m$^2$) and a 570 mm shorter mast.
* Mino: 54 sq ft (5.0 m$^2$) and a 570 mm shorter mast. PYN 1193
# David Savan

David Savan (1916 – 1992) was an eminent semiotician and Charles Sanders Peirce scholar. His works were focused on epistemological questions and Baruch Spinoza's philosophy of language.
He was a Professor in the University of Toronto, Philosophy Department, 1943–1981. When he joined the faculty, Savan was immediately noted for evaluating George Sidney Brett's fourth-year modern philosophy course.
He was the first recipient of the Thomas A. Sebeok fellowship.
Savan has influenced several modern philosophers. These include Jean Fisette and his attempt to understand clinical data that are associated with the pathology of both linguistic and narrative competencies. His positions, however, also have their own critics. For instance, his notion of Ground and his interpretation of sign as a single concept have been challenged by T.L. Short.
# Infinito Particular

Infinito Particular is an album by Brazilian singer Marisa Monte, released in 2006. Its featured songs include "Infinito Particular", "Vilarejo" and "Pra Ser Sincero". The album was released simultaneously with another album from the same singer: Universo ao Meu Redor.

## Track listing

Source:
* Infinito Particular (Arnaldo Antunes/Marisa Monte/Carlinhos Brown)
* Vilarejo (Monte/Pedro Baby/Brown/Antunes)
* Pra Ser Sincero (Brown/Monte)
* Levante (Antunes/Brown/Monte/Seu Jorge)
* Aquela (Monte/Leonardo Reis)
* A Primeira Pedra (Brown/Monte/Antunes)
* O Rio (Jorge/Brown/Antunes/Monte)
* Gerânio (Nando Reis/Monte/Jennifer Gomes)
* Quem foi (Monte/Marcelo Yuka)
* Pernambucolismo (Monte/Rodrigo Campello)
* Aconteceu (Monte/Antunes)
* Até Parece (Monte/Dadi/Antunes/Brown)
* Pelo Tempo que Durar (Adriana Calcanhotto/Monte)

## Charts
### Year-end charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| Brazilian Albums (Pro-Música Brasil) | 12 |
# Glückauf

Glückauf may refer to
* Glück auf, the traditional German miners' greeting
* Glückauf-Kampfbahn, a sports stadium in Gelsenkirchen, Germany
* SS Glückauf, a number of ships with this name.
* Eugen Glueckauf (1906 – 1981), German-born British expert on nuclear power
* Son of Mine, a 2015 Dutch crime film directed by Remy van Heugten
# Saarburg-Kell

Saarburg-Kell (German pronunciation:) is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Trier-Saarburg, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Saarburg. It was formed on 1 January 2019 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Saarburg and Kell am See.
The Verbandsgemeinde Saarburg-Kell consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
* Ayl
* Baldringen
* Fisch
* Freudenburg
* Greimerath
* Heddert
* Hentern
* Irsch
* Kastel-Staadt
* Kell am See
* Kirf
* Lampaden
* Mandern
* Mannebach
* Merzkirchen
* Ockfen
* Palzem
* Paschel
* Saarburg
* Schillingen
* Schoden
* Schömerich
* Serrig
* Taben-Rodt
* Trassem
* Vierherrenborn
* Waldweiler
* Wincheringen
* Zerf
* This Trier-Saarburg location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
49°35′N 6°38′E﻿ / ﻿49.59°N 6.64°E﻿ / 49.59; 6.64
# Natural scale

Natural scale may refer to:

## Music

* 5-limit diatonic major scale
* Natural minor scale, as opposed to harmonic and melodic
* C major and A minor, the diatonic scale in keys with no sharps or flats
* Harmonic series (music), the series of pitches produced by instruments such as the natural horn and trumpet
* The major scale in Pythagorean tuning, formed from a succession of fifths starting one below the tonic
* On many wind instruments, the scale most easily produced by lifting the fingers one at a time from bottom to top

## Other

* Nondimensionalization, the removal of units from a mathematical equation
# Salix monticola

Salix monticola is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names mountain willow, cherry willow, serviceberry willow, and park willow. It is native to the United States, where it occurs in the Rocky Mountains region from Wyoming to Arizona and New Mexico. It also occurs in Alaska and parts of Canada.
This willow is quite variable in appearance, depending on environmental conditions. It grows to 4–6 m (13–20 ft) in dense clumps. The branches are yellowish or reddish-brown, mottled with green. The leaves are lance-shaped to oval and are up to 9.5 cm (3.7 in) long. They have smooth, wavy, or toothed edges. The species is dioecious, with male and female reproductive parts occurring on separate plants. The flowers are often pollinated by bees. The seeds are viable for a short time, but germinate immediately on landing on an appropriate moist substrate.
This plant is common on the riverbanks of Arctic Alaska and Yukon. It forms thickets on floodplains where recent deposits of soil have been washed down by floodwaters. In western Colorado, it may be a dominant or codominant species in riparian zones. It often forms thickets along waterways.
This plant is an important food source for many types of animals, such as moose and ptarmigan. Honey bees use the pollen and nectar.
# Oasis railway station

Oasis or Casa-Oasis is a railway station in Casablanca in Morocco.

## History

The newly renovated station was officially opened on 4 January 2005 after major modernisation work by the ONCF, with a total MAD 13 m investment. The renovations were made to relieve congestion at Casa-Port and Casa-Voyageurs stations. All southern inter-city train services to and from Casa-Voyageurs now call at Casa-Oasis.

## Services

Al Bidaoui TNR Casablanca – Settat TNR Casablanca – El Jadida Main line trains
# Eight Mile Creek, South Australia

Eight Mile Creek is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the state's south-east coast overlooking the body of water known in Australia as the Southern Ocean and by international authorities as the Great Australian Bight. It is about 399 kilometres (248 miles) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 24 kilometres (15 miles) south of the municipal seat of Mount Gambier in the south-east of the state.
Boundaries were created on 31 October 1996 for the “long established name” which is derived from the watercourse located within its extent.
The majority land use within the locality is agriculture with a strip of land along the coastline being zoned for both residential use and conservation purposes. The locality also includes the protected area known as Ewens Ponds Conservation Park which contains the system of natural water bodies known as Ewens Ponds.
Eight Mile Creek is located within the federal division of Barker, the state electoral district of Mount Gambier and the local government area of the District Council of Grant.
# Cill

Cill or CILL may refer to:
* Cill or sill, in water navigation, a horizontal ledge in a lock
* Continental Indoor Lacrosse League, a senior men's box lacrosse league in the United States
# Guillermo Robazoglio

Guillermo Robazoglio da Casale (died 1442) was an Italian Franciscan who became the 32nd Minister General of his order. In that capacity, he took part in the Council of Florence.
# Portalegre

Portalegre may refer to:

## Brazil

* Portalegre, Rio Grande do Norte, a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil.

## Portugal

* Portalegre District, a district in Portugal
** Portalegre, Portugal, a municipality in the district of Portalegre
*** Castle of Portalegre, a medieval castle in the civil parish of Sé e São Lourenço, municipality of Portalegre
* Portalegre Football Association, a district governing body for the all football competitions in the Portuguese district of Portalegre.
* Portalegre wine, a Portuguese wine region centered on the Portalegre.
* Count of Portalegre, was a Portuguese title of nobility.
# Great Pond (Saint Croix)

Great Pond is a 50 ha saline coastal lagoon on the south-eastern shoreline of the island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands. The pond is part of St Croix East End Marine Park. It the second largest salt pond in the Virgin Islands, and is one of the largest remaining mangrove tracts in St. Croix.

## Description

The lagoon is separated from Great Pond Bay on its southern side by a vegetated baymouth bar about 1,100 m long, with a maximum width of 105 m. It connects with the sea by a narrow channel at its south-eastern corner. The perimeter of the lagoon is vegetated with black mangroves, and extensive mudflats are exposed when water levels are low. The salinity of the water in the lagoon varies between 20 and 40 parts per thousand, depending on rainfall and groundwater runoff in the 470 ha catchment. There is a small settlement of about 100 houses in the watershed of the lagoon, mainly on its north-eastern side.

## History

Great Pond and its surrounding mudflats were historically used by the people of St. Croix to fish, crab and gather salt. The area has had human inhabitants in the area for centuries. Excavations have uncovered human remains in the Great Pond area from 300-700 A.D. as well as 700-900 A.D. In the 18th century, a 430-acre (170 ha) plantation called Great Pond plantation occupied the area around the Great Pond. A map from 1920 indicates a fan mill (labeled "Great Pond Bay Mill") located just north of Great Pond. The name of the mill suggests it may have been part of the Great Pond plantation.
Beginning in the 1990s, the mangroves in the Great Pond began expanding coverage, adding small islands of mangrove trees within the pond. The pond transitioned from an open-water system to a closed salt pond. In 2015, mangroves in the interior of the pond died off. This resulted in a grey-colored landscape within the pond. The channel that had supplied the pond with its saltwater closed up, due to accumulation of sand and buildup of organic debris.

## Important bird area

A 64 ha area, encompassing the lagoon and its immediate wetland surrounds, has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of white-crowned pigeons, green-throated caribs, Antillean crested hummingbirds and Caribbean elaenias, as well as a breeding colony of least terns.
# Gmina Radomin

Gmina Radomin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Radomin, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Golub-Dobrzyń and 40 km (25 mi) east of Toruń.
The gmina covers an area of 80.77 square kilometres (31.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,104.

## Villages

Gmina Radomin contains the villages and settlements of Bocheniec, Dulsk, Dulsk-Frankowo, Gaj, Jakubkowo, Kamionka, Łubki, Piórkowo, Płonko, Płonne, Radomin, Rętwiny, Rodzone, Spiczyny, Szafarnia, Szczutowo, Wilczewko and Wilczewo.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Radomin is bordered by the gminas of Brzuze, Golub-Dobrzyń, Wąpielsk and Zbójno.
# Estremadura

Estremadura may refer to:
* Estremadura Province (historical), Portugal
* Estremadura Province (1936–1976), Portugal
* Lisboa VR, a Portuguese wine region called Estremadura until 2009
# Negrelos (São Mamede)

Negrelos (São Mamede) is a former civil parish in the municipality of Santo Tirso, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Campo (São Martinho), São Salvador do Campo e Negrelos (São Mamede).
# Cheng Fubo

Cheng Fubo (Chinese: 程福波; pinyin: Chéng Fūbō; born September 1970) is a Chinese executive and politician, currently serving as chairman of the China North Industries Group Corporation Limited. He is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Early life and education

Cheng was born in Bishan District, Chongqing, in September 1970. In 1988, he enrolled at Nanjing Aeronautical Institute (now Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), where he majored in industrial management engineering. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in January 1992 in his senior year.

## Career

After graduating in 1992, Cheng was assigned to Chengdu Aircraft Industry Company, where he served in several posts, including intern, dispatcher, deputy sector chief, leader of the Preparation Group for the No.16 Workshop, party secretary and deputy manager of the Civil Aircraft Manufacturing Company, production commander and deputy chief engineer, chairman of trade union, deputy party secretary and deputy general manager, vice chairman, and finally chairman and party secretary.
In January 2018, Cheng was transferred to Shanghai and appointed deputy general manager of the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd.
Cheng got involved in politics in June 2000, when he was named vice governor of Shaanxi. In December 2021, he was admitted to member of the CCP Shaanxi Provincial Committee, the province's top authority. In January 2022, he became head of the Organization Department of the CCP Shaanxi Provincial Committee, but having held the position for only eleven months.
In December 2022, Cheng assigned to the similar position in the coastal province Guangdong.
On 30 April 2024, Cheng was made chairman of the China North Industries Group Corporation Limited.
# List of Christian monasteries in Germany

This is a list of Christian religious houses in Germany, both extant and dissolved, and for either men or women (or both), arranged by state.

## Christian monasteries (religious houses) in Germany arranged by state
### Baden-Württemberg

* Beuron Archabbey
* See also: Campus Galli - a project to construct a faithful medieval town with a monastery, based on the Plan of Saint Gall; in Meßkirch, Baden-Württemberg

### Bavaria

* Beuerberg Abbey (Kloster Beuerberg), formerly a monastery of the Augustinian Canons, is now the Monastery of the Visitation, Beuerberg, in Eurasburg.
* Fürstenzell Abbey
* Münsterschwarzach Abbey

### Berlin

* see Brandenburg

### Brandenburg

* see List of Christian monasteries in Brandenburg. This list also includes Berlin.

### Bremen

* see Lower Saxony

### Hamburg

* see Schleswig-Holstein

### Hesse

* Eberbach Abbey, Eltville
* Eibingen Abbey, Rüdesheim
* Kloster Gnadenthal, Hünfelden
* see List of Christian monasteries in Hesse

### Lower Saxony

* see List of Christian monasteries in Lower Saxony. This list also includes Bremen.

### Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

* see List of Christian monasteries in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

### North Rhine-Westphalia

* see List of Christian monasteries in North Rhine-Westphalia

### Rhineland-Palatinate

* see List of Christian monasteries in Rhineland-Palatinate. This list also includes Saarland.

### Saarland

* see Rhineland-Palatinate

### Saxony

* see List of Christian monasteries in Saxony

### Saxony-Anhalt

* see List of Christian monasteries in Saxony-Anhalt

### Schleswig-Holstein

* see List of Christian monasteries in Schleswig-Holstein. This list also includes Hamburg.

### Thuringia

* see List of Christian monasteries in Thuringia
# Orlando "Cachaíto" López

Candelario Orlando López Vergara (February 2, 1933 – February 9, 2009), better known as Cachaíto, was a Cuban bassist and composer, who gained international fame after his involvement in the Buena Vista Social Club recordings. He was nicknamed Cachaíto ("little Cachao") after his uncle, the famous bassist and innovator of mambo music Israel "Cachao" López. His father and Cachao's older brother was Orestes López, also a famous bassist/multi-instrumentalist and composer.

## Life and career

Born in Havana on February 2, 1933, Orlando "Cachaíto" López first got actively involved in music when he was only nine years old. His early desire was to play the violin, but his grandfather Pedro insisted he take up the double bass, as there had been a long tradition of bassists in the López family, a trend that they did not want stopped. He started learning the double bass on a cello, quickly moving onto a double bass when he was large enough. His musical career is said to have started when he was twelve, and at the age of 13, Cachaíto composed his first piece, a danzón called "Isora Infantil", a reference to his aunt Coralia's famous piece "Isora Club". In fact, it was Coralia's orchestra where Cachaíto made his debut in the 1940s. By the time he was 17, he replaced his uncle as the bassist with Antonio Arcaño y sus Maravillas. He made such an impression on the group that he was asked to stay.
In the 1950s, he helped popularize the descarga style of music that is a mix between jazz-styled improvisation with Afro-Cuban rhythms, and by 1957 he was playing with the hugely popular Havana dance band, Orquesta Riverside. In the 1960s, he became a bassist with the National Symphony Orchestra, and he took classes with the Czech bassist Karel Kopriva. Cachaíto also collaborated with renowned pianists Peruchín, Frank Emilio Flynn and Chucho Valdés, as well as percussionists Tata Güines and Angá Díaz.
In 1996 López was hired by Juan de Marcos González for his Afro-Cuban All Stars, signing to World Circuit, and at the same time becoming a member of the resulting Buena Vista Social Club project and appearing in Wim Wenders' documentary Buena Vista Social Club. After a career spanning some 60 years, Cachaíto made his debut solo album in 2001 and continued to tour with the Buena Vista Social Club musicians (Manuel "Guajiro" Mirabal, Jesús "Aguaje" Ramos, Manuel Galbán, etc.).
Cachaíto died in a hospital in Havana on February 9, 2009, after complications from pancreatic cancer surgery. He was 76.

## Discography

* Cachaíto (2001, World Circuit)
# Columnea sanguinolenta

Columnea sanguinolenta is a species of Gesneriaceae that is native to Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama.
# David Williams (medievalist)

David Williams (1939–2015) was an expert on Medieval literature, as well as a college professor and department chair at McGill University. He has authored several books.

## Deformed Discourse

Williams's book Deformed Discourse: The Function of the Monster in Mediaeval Thought and Literature won the 1997 Raymond Klibansky Prize. In the book, "Williams explores the concept of monsters in the Middle Ages by examining its theological and philosophical roots and its symbolic function in mediaeval art and literature."
This large book was a logical follow-up to his smaller 1982 book, Cain and Beowulf: A Study in Secular Allegory, which draws on and elucidates the Cain tradition.