OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Irwin Rubin

Irwin Rubin (1930–April 8, 2006) was an American artist and educator known for his colorfully painted wood constructions.

## Biography

Irwin Rubin was born in Brooklyn, NY in 1930. He studied at the Brooklyn Museum Art School, the Cooper Union, and at the Yale University School of Art and Architecture, where he studied under Josef Albers. Rubin died in Brooklyn, NY in 2006.

## Artistic career

Rubin began working with paper collage in 1953. During his early artistic career he did extensive research into the archival properties of collage materials and adhesives, and published his studies in Arts magazine, and in Bernard Chaet's Artists at Work. In the 1960s, Rubin made brightly colored, painted wood constructions. He worked with pegs and blocks in low relief to explore color phenomena spatially, including the effects of primary colors reflected upon white surfaces.
Rubin was represented by the Bertha Schaefer Gallery, where he participated in several group exhibitions that focused on hybrid forms, featuring young artists working between painting and sculpture. His work was also included in "New Directions" at Pace Gallery, a group show with construction and assemblage contributions by Jim Dine, Bernard Langlais, and Louise Nevelson.

### Collections

Rubin's work is held in the permanent collections of the Sheldon Museum of Art in Lincoln, NE, the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, CT, the RISD Museum in Providence, RI, and at the Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY.

## Teaching career

Rubin held teaching posts at the University of Texas, Austin, Florida State University, and at Cooper Union in New York City. Rubin taught in the Architecture department at UT Austin in the mid 1950s, where he instructed Color and Freehand Drawing courses alongside John Hejduk, Robert Slutzky and others, as part of a group of faculty known as the Texas Rangers. In the 1960s and 70s, Rubin taught Freehand Drawing to Architecture students at Cooper Union, under the leadership of John Hejduk.
Artwork created in Rubin's Freehand Drawing course have been exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and reproduced in Education of an Architect: A Point of View, the MoMA exhibition catalog, in Cynthia Dantzic's Design Dimensions: An Introduction to the Visual Surface (Prentice Hall, 1990) and in Alexander Caragonne's The Texas Rangers: Notes from an Architectural Underground, (MIT Press, 1995).
# Qods Aviation Industry Company

Qods Aviation Industry Company (also spelled Ghods) is an Iranian state-owned aerospace company established in 1985. It specializes in UAVs.
It was formed under the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). In early 1998 it was reorganized under the Aerospace Industries Organization. As of 2011, it had hundreds of employees.
Products and services include:
* Manufacturing drones: Saeghe, Talash, and Mohajer;
* Developing a variety of parachutes (Freefall Personnel Parachutes, Strato Cloud parachutes, Ofogh parachutes, and Fakhte parachutes)
* Manufacturing powered paragliders;
* Manufacturing and design of ground control station (GCS) systems, imagery, targeting, optical tracking and aviation systems.
Qods Aviation is subject to American OFAC sanctions.
# Bütow

Bütow is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

## Geography

Bütow is located in the Mecklenburg Lake Plateau, to the east of the source of the Elde river. It is a hilly area, with the highest point 101 m (331 ft) above sea level.
* Church ruin in Bütow-Dambeck
* Nave
* Choir
* Gable
* Village church in Bütow.

## Transportation

Bütow is located about two kilometers away from the federal highway B 198. The Autobahn 19 Berlin - Rostock is about three kilometers away. The nearest railway station is located in Malchow.
# Iris Eichenberg

Iris Eichenberg (born 1965) is a German post-war, contemporary artist, metalsmith, and educator. She is head of the Metalsmithing Department at the Cranbook Academy of Art.

## Early life and education

Born Göttingen, Germany, in 1965, Eichenberg graduated from Gerrit Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam in 1994.

## Career

Eichenberg taught at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie beginning in 1996, and became head of the Jewelry Department from 2000–2007. She has been Artist in Residence and head of the Metalsmithing Department at Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan since 2006.

## Critical reception

The Cranbrook Museum of Art review of her work for her "Bend" exhibit noted it "...is renowned for its diverse collections and challenges to the definitions of craft and jewelry; the result is an unconventional retrospective of her twenty-five-year career told through a body of new work."
Of Eichenberg's art Dora Apel wrote that her works "convey a searching spirit that permeates Iris Eichenberg’s work, which often meditates on making home and finding our place in the world. Related in some way to the body, her constructions produce sensorial and emotional effects that stretch conventional boundaries to explore structures of feeling".

## Selected exhibits

Eichenberg's works are in permanent collections of the Museum of Arts and Design, the Rijksmuseum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, the Schmuck Museum Pforzheim, the Fondation National d’Art Contemporain in Paris, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Her group exhibitions at international venues have included the Victoria and Albert Museum, Museum of Art and Design, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, CaixaForum, Frans Hals Museum, Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, and Museum Boymans van Beuningen.

### Solo exhibits

* Perspex Hands Chatelaine, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2007
* Pink Years Later, Ornamentum Gallery, 2009
* Strange Birds, Ornamentum Gallery, 2012
* X series, Cranberg Art Museum, 2014
* Bend, Cranberg Art Museum, 2014
* Real series, Ornamentum Gallery, 2015
* I Do Not Wish, Ornamentum Gallery, 2017
* Kein Ort Nirgends ("No Place Anywhere") and Moreland, Simone DeSousa Gallery, 2017
* The Domestic Plane: New Perspectives On Tabletop Art Objects, The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum
* Useless Utility, Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit, 2019

### Selected group exhibits

* "Collect", Saatchi Gallery, London, 2009
* "Setting the Table", Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit, 2011
* "MoreLand", Simone DeSousa Gallery, 2017
* "Handheld", Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, 2018

## Awards

* 1994 — Gerrit Rietveld Academy Award
* 1999 — Artist in Residence, EKWC, s'-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
* 1999 — Herbert Hofmann Prize, (Schmuckszene Munich)
* 1999, 2001 — Residencies: European Ceramic Center in Den Bosch
* 2000 — Artist Stimulation Award from the Amsterdam Fund for the Arts
* 2002, 2005 —Incentive Grants from the Netherlands Foundation for Visual Arts, Design and Architecture
# Béla Szekeres

Béla Szekeres may refer to:
* Béla Szekeres (cyclist) (born 1933), Hungarian cyclist
* Béla Szekeres (runner) (1938–2000), Hungarian middle-distance runner
# Isia (moth)

Isia is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae erected by Francis Walker in 1856.

## Species

* Isia alcumena Berg, 1882
* Isia cornuta Travassos, 1947
* Isia intricata Walker, 1856
# Ishikawa Aviation Plaza

Ishikawa Aviation Plaza (石川県立航空プラザ, ishikawakenritsu kouku puraza) is an aerospace museum in the city of Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located next to Komatsu Airport.

## Aircraft on display

* Sikorsky S-61 (HSS-2B)
* Fuji KM-2
* F-104J Starfighter
* Lockheed T-33A
* Pilatus PC-6 Porter
* Dornier Do 28
* Hughes OH-6J Cayuse
* Hughes TH-55J Osage
* Beechcraft E33 Bonanza
* Bell 47G
* Mitsubishi F-2 (mockup)
* Mitsubishi T-2
* Pitts Special S-2B
# Mark Steedman

Mark Jerome Steedman, (born 18 September 1946) is a computational linguist and cognitive scientist.

## Biography

Steedman graduated from the University of Sussex in 1968, with a B.Sc. in Experimental Psychology, and from the University of Edinburgh in 1973, with a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence (Dissertation: The Formal Description of Musical Perception gained in 1972. Advisor: Prof. H.C. Longuet-Higgins FRS).
He has held posts as Lecturer in Psychology, University of Warwick (1977–83); Lecturer and Reader in Computational Linguistics, University of Edinburgh (1983–8); Associate and full Professor in Computer and Information Sciences, University of Pennsylvania (1988–98). He has held visiting positions at the University of Texas at Austin, the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Steedman currently holds the Chair of Cognitive Science in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh (1998– ). He works in computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science, on Generation of Meaningful Intonation for Speech by Artificial Agents, Animated Conversation, The Communicative Use of Gesture, Tense and Aspect, and Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG). He is also interested in Computational Musical Analysis and combinatory logic.

## Distinctions

* Member of the Academia Europæa (2006)
* Fellow of the British Academy (2002).
* Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2002)
* AAAI Fellow (1993)
* President elect for 2008 of the Association for Computational Linguistics
* Fellow of the Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)

## Principal publications

* Steedman, Mark (1996). Surface structure and interpretation. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph. Vol. 30. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 123. ISBN 9780262193795.
* Steedman, Mark (2000). The Syntactic Process. Language, Speech, and Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 344. ISBN 9780262692687.
* Steedman, Mark (Fall 2000). "Information Structure and the Syntax-Phonology Interface". Linguistic Inquiry. 31 (4): 649–689. doi:10.1162/002438900554505. ISSN 0024-3892. S2CID 9084597.
# Quickstep (steamboat)

Quickstep was a steamboat that operated from 1877 to 1897 in coastal, inland waters and rivers of the Pacific Northwest. This vessel should not be confused with a number of other vessels with the same name, some of which operated in the same area about the same time.

## Career

Quickstep was built at Astoria and completed in 1877. The vessel ran on the lower Columbia River for some time. There were many owners and operators of Quickstep and the vessel was run on many different routes.
In July 1883, Quickstep, under Capt. Thomas Doig, was brought north from the Columbia River to Puget Sound. Apparently Quickstep had been returned to the Columbia River after that, as it is reported that about 1885, under Capt. George A. Whitcomb (1854–1939), a member of a prominent maritime family, the vessel was running between Astoria and Grays Harbor.
Quickstep is reported to have been transferred to Puget Sound in 1887, or as early as 1885, by being purchased by Capt. J.J. Hansen (later to form Hansen Transportation Company, who had moved from Minnesota to Tacoma, and decided to enter the steamboat business, with Quickstep being his first vessel.
For a short time in the early 1890s, Quickstep is reported to have been operated by Matthew McDowell for towing operations in the Tacoma area. There is also a report that Quickstep was sold by the Hansens in 1893 so they could replace it with a newer vessel, the Hattie Hansen.
In 1894, Capt. Charles F. Kraft (b. 1831) bought Quickstep and brought the vessel to Lake Washington. In 1896, Capt. John L. Anderson bought Quickstep for $1,600 as a replacement for his steamer Winnifred, which had burned in early 1896.

## Loss by fire

On 3 January 1897 Quickstep in turn was lost by fire. Anderson was able to salvage the machinery and install it in a new steamer which he built himself, Lady of the Lake and launched in 1897.
# Marsikomerus bryanus

Marsikomerus bryanus is a species of centipede in the Lithobiidae family. It was described in 1926 by American myriapodologist Ralph Vary Chamberlin.

## Description

This species ranges from yellow to orange in colour, can reach up to 47 mm in length, and has 39 to 57 pairs of legs.

## Distribution

The species occurs in the Hawaiian Islands. The type locality is Hawaii.
# Quartzite Mountain

Quartzite Mountain is a summit in the U.S. state of Nevada. The elevation is 7,762 feet (2,366 m).
Quartzite Mountain was named for nearby quartzite deposits.
# Ishwari Prasad Gupta

Ishwari Prasad Gupta (5 February 1931, Arrah - 12 December 2018, Delhi) was a 1958 batch IAS. He had been the Joint Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Chief Secretary to the Government of Tripura and Lt Governor of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

## Administrative assignments

From 1975 to 1976 he remained Hill Commissioner of Manipur. Then he was posted as Chief Secretary to the Government of Arunachal Pradesh in 1976 where he served up to 1981.
From 1981 to 1984 he was assigned the post of Joint Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Looking into his previous performances he was again sent to Tripura to serve as Chief Secretary.
He was Additional Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Home affairs from December 1985 to March 1988. Again he was assigned the post of Chief Secretary to Tripura Government.
Later he was Advisor to the Governor of Assam from November 1990 to June 1991. He was made the Member, Central Administrative Tribunal, Principal Bench, New Delhi from June 1991 to February 1993.

## State election commissioner

From October 1994 to February 1996 he remained the state election commissioner for Union territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshdweep, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

## Lieutenant governor

His last assignment as a diplomat was the Lieutenant governor of Andaman and Nicobar Islands from 23 December 1996 to 25 May 2001.

## Honored by Bangladesh

Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina honored him recently on 27 March 2012 at Dhaka. She expressed her sincere gratitude and respect to all the foreign friends of Bangladesh who were honored this day along with Gupta, for their invaluable contributions in the Liberation War of Bangladesh as well as for their unflinching support.

## Works

Some of his published articles in English language are:
* Article 371A: Implications
* Humane Touch
* TNV Accord - an assessment
* Evolution of N-E States
* Repatriating the Chakmas
# Isopsestis meyi

Isopsestis meyi is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Gyula M. László, Gábor Ronkay, László Aladár Ronkay and Thomas Joseph Witt in 2007. It is found in Vietnam.
# Islamabad Policy Research Institute

The Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) is a think tank based in Islamabad, Pakistan.
It was established in 1999. It is affiliated with the National Security Division (NSD) of the government of Pakistan. IPRI focuses on datafication, digitalization, and analysis of information relevant to policy decisions. As a result of recent reforms, IPRI is ranked 74th in the University of Pennsylvania's Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program. The Institute conducts multi-disciplinary research and promotes civil society-governmental interactions and policy dialogue through national, regional, and international conferences, enhancing the country's research capacity and environment by facilitating issue-centric discourse. IPRI's publications claims to offer current and high-quality research. It disseminates its findings and policy recommendations through its publications.

## Board of Governors

The Board of Governors (BOG) has been reconstituted. The 16-member BOG meets biannually to provide policy guidelines and review the progress of research activities.

## Publications

* IPRI Journal – Scholarly biannual triple-peer-reviewed journal showcasing research in international relations, political science, geopolitics, defense, strategic studies, diplomacy, security, terrorism, conflict, public policy and governance.
# Isla San José (Panama)

Isla San José is the second-largest island in the Pearl Islands, off the Pacific coast of Panama. The privately owned island has an area of 44 square kilometres (17 sq mi). At the 2000 census, it had a population of only 10. Thousands of wild pigs and deer populate Isla San Jose, which has a rugged, rocky shoreline and over 50 beaches.
A unit of U.S. soldiers tested chemical arms from 1945 to 1947 on the then deserted island, leaving behind at least eight unexploded 500 and 1,000-pound bombs. A U.S. military text states that the larger bombs contained phosgene and cyanogen chloride, and smaller ones mustard gas. Other reports state that the soldiers also tested VX nerve gas and sarin. Claims of abandoned minefields containing thousands of armed chemical mines have been made, but no evidence of this has been presented. An unknown but large amount of munitions was also dropped into the sea around the island. Earl Tupper, the inventor of Tupperware, was owner of the island.
The island is served by San José Airport.
# Isla San Martín

Isla San Martín is an island in the Pacific Ocean west of the Baja California Peninsula. The island is uninhabited and is part of the Ensenada Municipality.

## Biology

Isla San Martín has six species of reptiles: Anniella geronimensis (Baja California legless lizard), Diadophis punctatus (ring-necked snake), Elgaria multicarinata (southern alligator lizard), Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus (coast night snake), Pituophis catenifer (gopher snake), and Uta stansburiana (common side-blotched lizard).
Formerly, the San Martin Island woodrat lived on the island, until it became extinct due to predation by feral cats.
# Martin Ratz

Martin Wilhelm Ratz (14 October 1887 – 8 August 1943) was an Australian rules footballer who played with University. He was also played cricket and football at Scotch College, Melbourne, before becoming a doctor.
# RL

RL, Rl or rl may refer to:

## In arts and entertainment

* Radio Liberty, US broadcaster
* Rocket League, a video game

## Businesses and organizations

* Ralph Lauren Corporation (NYSE ticker)
* Réseau Luxembourgeois des Amateurs d'Ondes Courtes, an amateur radio organization in Luxembourg
* Royal Phnom Penh Airways (IATA code)

## People known by the given initials

* R. L. Huggar, an R&B singer
* RL Grime, American musician, producer
* R. L. Stine, American author

## In science and technology

* RL (complexity), a complexity class of mathematical problems
* RL circuit, a circuit with a resistor and an inductor
* Reinforcement learning, an area of machine learning
* Reduced level, elevations of survey points with reference to a common assumed datum.
* Rhyncholaelia (Rl.), a genus of orchids

## Other uses

* Rl (digraph) in Australian Aboriginal languages
* Acura RL, an automobile
* Real life, a phrase
* Registered Locksmith, US certification
* Report Long, a type of US Congressional Research Service Report
* Rugby league, a sport
# Queens Sound

Queens Sound is a sound on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located between Hunter Island (W) and the Goose Group islands (W). Cultus Sound is to the south, and Kildidt Sound to the south of that.
# Qumran "Horoscopes" (4Q186)

The Qumran Horoscopes are manuscripts found among the Dead Sea Scrolls; they are alternatively called "Astrological Physiognomies" (4Q186). Unlike most horoscopes, however, in 4Q186 no mention of the positions of astral bodies is found. Instead, the text uses the physiognomic features of a person to tell prophecy in the dabar. This blending of features- of horoscopes and of astrological physiognomies- makes it difficult to accurately title the fragments. For example, a man of "six parts" from the "house of light" and "three parts" from the "pit of darkness" is described (physiognomically) as "long and lean," and is expected (horoscopically) to "be meek."
The significance of 4Q186 to the Qumran community can possibly be illumined by the common Qumranite teachings concerning the two spirits of light and darkness, but this theory does not answer all questions. The presence of 4Q186 among the Qumran community should not, however, come as a surprise, "for if many Jews frowned on astrology, others... credited its invention to Abraham!"
# Island Lake (Beltrami County, Minnesota)

Island Lake is a lake in Beltrami County, Minnesota, in the United States.
Island Lake was named for the lake island it contains.
# C. M. van den Heever

Christiaan Maurits van den Heever, almost universally known C.M. van den Heever (27 February 1902 in the concentration camp near Norvalspont in Cape Province, now Northern Cape Province, South Africa – 8 July 1957), was an Afrikaans-language novelist, poet, essayist, and biographer.
Counted among the Dertigers, van den Heever is noted for his most famous novels: Somer ("Summer") and Laat vrugte ("Late Fruits"). The latter won the Hertzog Prize for prose in 1942.
Van den Heever studied at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein and the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands. Upon his return to South Africa, he gained a teaching position at the University of the Free State. After completing his dissertation on the poet Totius, he finished his academic career at Witwatersrand University.
# Martin Němec (musician)

Martin Němec (born 16 June 1957) is a Czech rock musician and composer.
Between 1977 and 1983 he studied at Academy of Fine Arts, Prague. In 1982, he founded the band called Precedens together with singer-songwriter Jan Sahara Hedl. He is keyboardist and a leader of this group. Since 2002, he is member of Lili Marlene, which released two studio albums. He is also film score composer, screenwriter and painter. He is a son of Czech painter Josef Němec.
# Martin O'Brien (hurler)

Martin O'Brien (27 August 1885 – 24 December 1958) was an Irish hurler. His championship career with the Tipperary senior team lasted from 1906 until 1912.

## Biography

Raised in Drombane near Thurles, County Tipperary, O'Brien was the fifth of twelve children born to James and Bridget O'Brien. He was educated locally and later worked as a shopkeeper in Thurles.
O'Brien won All-Ireland Championship medals with the Tipperary senior team in 1906 and 1908, and also won three Munster Championship medals. As a member of the Thurles Sarsfields club, O'Brien won six County Championship medals. He played his last game in 1917.
O'Brien died from bladder cancer on 24 December 1958.

## Honours
### Thurles Sarsfields

* Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship (6): 1904, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911

### Tipperary

* All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1906, 1908
* Munster Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1906, 1908, 1909
# Israeli disengagement plan

There have been several Israeli disengagement plans:
* Israeli disengagement from Gaza, a 2005 unilateral disengagement and pull-out on the part of Israel from the Gaza Strip
* Sinai Disengagement Agreements, disengagement plans between Egypt and Israel over the Sinai Peninsula from the mid-1970s
* Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria, disengagement plan between Syria and Israel over the Golan Heights
* Jordan's disengagement from the West Bank, Jordan's disengagement from Israel and the West Bank in 1988 over the West Bank
# Martos (disambiguation)

Martos is a city in Spain. Martos may also refer to
* Martos CD, a Spanish football club based in Martos
* Fuensanta de Martos, another city in Spain
* Martovce (Martos), a village in southern Slovakia
* Martos (surname)