OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emil Sembach

Emil Sembach (April 2, 1891 – July 1, 1934) was an SS-Oberführer (Senior Colonel) attached to the SS headquarters of Silesia. He had joined the Nazi Party in 1925, and received promotion in the SS in 1931.

## Biography

Emil Sembach was born on 2 April 1891, near Grein, Upper Austria.

### Education

After studying at high school he went to a humanistic school in Coburg and graduated. Afterwards he joined as a cadet in a Magdeburg Artillery Regiment one.

### Career

In the First World War he was a battery commander. From 1919 to 1921 he a member of a volunteer corps and fought in the Baltic states. Then earned it until 1932 his livelihood in commercial professions, most recently as assistant manager in Berlin. In 1934, after being caught by Reinhard Heydrich's Sicherheitsdienst (SD), for embezzlement and also for having a homosexual relationship with Curt Wittje, he was expelled from the party and the SS. Fearing for his life he asked Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick for protection, but his protection could not save him when on the Night of the Long Knives Sembach was arrested on the orders of his rival Udo von Woyrsch, and the next day under the command of SS-Obersturmführer (1st Lieutenant) Paul Exner, Sembach was taken to the Giant Mountains and executed on the orders of von Woyrsch.
# Canton of Baume-les-Dames

The canton of Baume-les-Dames is an administrative division of the Doubs department, eastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Baume-les-Dames.
It consists of the following communes:
* Abbenans
* Adam-lès-Passavant
* Aïssey
* Autechaux
* Avilley
* Battenans-les-Mines
* Baume-les-Dames
* Blarians
* Bonnal
* Bonnay
* Bouclans
* Breconchaux
* La Bretenière
* Bretigney-Notre-Dame
* Cendrey
* Champlive
* Châtillon-Guyotte
* Chevroz
* Corcelle-Mieslot
* Côtebrune
* Cubrial
* Cubry
* Cusance
* Cuse-et-Adrisans
* Cussey-sur-l'Ognon
* Dammartin-les-Templiers
* Devecey
* L'Écouvotte
* Esnans
* Flagey-Rigney
* Fontenelle-Montby
* Fontenotte
* Fourbanne
* Geneuille
* Germondans
* Glamondans
* Gondenans-Montby
* Gondenans-les-Moulins
* Gonsans
* Gouhelans
* Grosbois
* Guillon-les-Bains
* Huanne-Montmartin
* Hyèvre-Magny
* Hyèvre-Paroisse
* Laissey
* Lomont-sur-Crête
* Luxiol
* Mérey-Vieilley
* Mésandans
* Moncey
* Mondon
* Montagney-Servigney
* Montivernage
* Montussaint
* Naisey-les-Granges
* Nans
* Ollans
* Osse
* Ougney-Douvot
* Palise
* Passavant
* Pont-les-Moulins
* Pouligney-Lusans
* Puessans
* Le Puy
* Rigney
* Rignosot
* Rillans
* Rognon
* Romain
* Rougemont
* Rougemontot
* Roulans
* Saint-Hilaire
* Saint-Juan
* Séchin
* Silley-Bléfond
* Tallans
* Thurey-le-Mont
* La Tour-de-Sçay
* Tournans
* Tressandans
* Trouvans
* Uzelle
* Val-de-Roulans
* Valleroy
* Venise
* Vennans
* Vergranne
* Verne
* Vieilley
* Viéthorey
* Villers-Grélot
* Villers-Saint-Martin
* Voillans
# Robert Sympson Jameson

Robert Sympson Jameson (1796 – August 1, 1854) was a lawyer and politician in Upper Canada, and later in the Province of Canada. He served as the first Speaker of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1843.

## Early years

He was born at Harbridge in the English county of Hampshire in 1796 and educated in Ambleside. He studied law at the Middle Temple and was called to the English bar in 1823. He practiced in London. He married Anna Murphy, a British author, in 1825. In 1829, he was appointed Puisne judge and Chief Justice of Dominica; his wife remained in England. In 1833, he returned to London after refusing the same post in Tobago.

## Upper Canada

He was named Attorney General of Upper Canada in the same year and arrived in York (Toronto) in June. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for Leeds in 1834, but his election was later invalidated after an appeal; it was found that Ogle Robert Gowan's Orange supporters had intimidated voters. His wife finally joined him in 1836 but left him after less than a year. In 1837, he was named vice-chancellor of the Court of Chancery. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada in 1841 and became its first speaker. He served on the councils for King's College and Trinity College. In 1842, he was named chief superintendent of education. He also was a member of literary clubs in Toronto and helped found the Toronto Society of Arts in 1847. In 1850, he retired from the Court and, in 1853, from the Legislative Council.
He died in Toronto in 1854 of tuberculosis and left his possessions to Reverend George Maynard who cared for him at the end of his life.
# Gertrude Schalk

Gertrude Schalk (1906 – April 23, 1977), also known as Toki Schalk Johnson, was a twentieth-century African-American writer, columnist, clubwoman, and newspaper editor. Although she lived and worked outside of New York City, her early fiction is sometimes considered as part of the broader Harlem Renaissance literary movement.

## Early life

Lillian Schalk was born in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Theodore O. Schalk and Mary Wilkerson Schalk. She had a sister, Bali, and two brothers, Theodore and George. She changed her first name to Gertrude as a young woman.

## Career

Four short stories by Gertrude Schalk appeared in the Saturday Evening Quill, a publication the Saturday Evening Quill Club, a black literary organization cofounded in Boston by Eugene Gordon, of which Schalk was an original member. Those stories included "The Black Madness" (1928), which was also featured in The Best American Short Stories anthology for 1928, and "The Red Cape" (1929).
Schalk was also editor of Sunburst magazine, and later women's editor of the Pittsburgh Courier, a major African-American newspaper. She had a regular column, "Toki Types", which ran in the society pages until 1974.
In 1961, Schalk became one of the first black members (along with Hazel Garland) of the Women's Press Club of Pittsburgh. She won the club's annual Mary Shine Award in 1969. In 1970, she was elected president of that organization.

## Personal life

Gertrude Schalk married John Wesley Johnson III, a journalist from Ohio, in 1946, and was widowed when he died in 1969. While living in Pittsburgh, she founded that city's chapter of Jack and Jill of America. She also helped to found the Pittsburgh chapter of Girlfriends Incorporated.
For the last five years of her life, she lived "with much joie de vivre" in a nursing home in Detroit, Michigan, where her sister lived. She died in 1977, age 71.
# Necklace (disambiguation)

A necklace is an article of jewelry worn around the neck.
Necklace may also refer to:
* Necklace (combinatorics) or fixed necklace, a concept in combinatorial mathematics
* "The Necklace", a short story by Guy de Maupassant
* "The Necklace" (Dynasty), a 1981 episode of the TV series Dynasty
* Necklace (horse), foaled 2001
* The Necklace (album), a 2024 album by Allday
# Cornelis Kruys

Cornelis Kruys (1619, in Haarlem – 1660, in Schiedam) was a Dutch Golden Age painter.
According to the RKD, he was a painter of flower still lifes. He became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1644. He became a member of the Leiden Guild of St. Luke in 1649, and moved to Schiedam in 1651.
# Essential services

Essential services may refer to a class of occupations that have been legislated by a government to have special restrictions in regard to labour actions such as not being allowed to strike.
The International Labour Office, a United Nations agency, distinguishes an essential service from a minimum service.
Industries defined as essential services differ based on the organization or government but generally include services such as hospitals and other healthcare, utilities such as electricity and water supply, law enforcement and firefighting, and food services.

## Public health emergencies

"Essential services" may also refer to those services that are vital to the health and welfare of a population and so are essential to maintain even in a disaster. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many jurisdictions ordered non-essential services to close for several weeks in an effort to control the spread of the virus. The United States Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency issued a nation-wide guidance document that defined activities that the Agency had determined to be "essential" to the control of the pandemic and the management of its effects.
Examples of industries in which at least some workers were classified as "essential" during the pandemic included:
* Health care, public health, and human services
* Law enforcement, public safety, and first responders
* Food and agriculture
* Energy
* Water and wastewater
* Transportation and logistics
* Public works
* Communications and information technology
* Other community-based essential functions and government operations
* Critical manufacturing
* Supply chains
* Retail and wholesaling
* Food services and accommodations
* Institutional, residential, commercial, and industrial maintenance
* Manufacturing and production
* Construction
* Financial activities
* Resources
* Environmental services
* Utilities and community services
* Communications industries
* Research
* Justice
* Business regulators and inspectors
# Mariana Kujur

Mariana Kujur (born 24 April 1999) is an Indian field hockey player and a member of the Indian women's hockey team. She plays for the Railway Sports Promotion Board in the domestic hockey tournaments. Kujur plays as a defender.

## Early life

Mariana Kujur hails from Timna village in Sundergarh district, Odisha. She has two brothers and two sisters and she is the youngest in the family. Both her brothers used to play hockey for relaxation but when Kujur moved to her uncle's house for studies, she joined for hockey under her cousin. She is a product of Panposh Sports Hostel and one of her first coaches who taught her basics when she joined in 2010 was Amulyananda Bihari.

## Hockey career

She made her junior India debut in December 2016 at the 4th under-18 Women's Asia Cup tournament held in Bangkok, Thailand where India got a bronze medal. In July 2018, she was part of the silver medal-winning India youth team at the 6-Nation under-23 women's hockey tournament in Antwerp, Belgium. In April 2019, she took part in the under-21 4 Nations junior women invitational tournament in Dublin. Later she was part of the gold medal-winning Indian team in the under-21 3-Nations Invitation Tournament in Canberra, in December 2019. She made her Senior India debut in December 2021 at the Donghae Women's Asian Champions Trophy and also took part in the Women's Asia Cup in January 2022. She took part in the 2021–22 Women's FIH Hockey Pro League in June 2022. She also made her senior hockey5s debut at the Hero 2022 Women's FIH Hockey5s, Lausanne tournament in June 2022 and the 2023 Women's Hockey5s Asia Cup in Salalah, Oman.
# List of National Natural Landmarks in Montana

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
There are National Natural Landmarks in Montana.
| Name | Date | Location | County | Ownership | Description |
| Bridger Fossil Area | 1973 | | Carbon | federal (Bureau of Land Management) | Contains fossils of Deinonychus antirrhopus. |
| Bug Creek Fossil Area | 1966 | 47°40′59″N 106°13′09″W﻿ / ﻿47.68299°N 106.219193°W﻿ / 47.68299; -106.219193﻿ (Bug Creek Fossil Area) | McCone | federal (Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge) | Produced abundant remains of small, Cretaceous mammals. |
| Capitol Rock | 1976 | 45°35′45″N 104°07′12″W﻿ / ﻿45.59584°N 104.120134°W﻿ / 45.59584; -104.120134﻿ (Capitol Rock) | Carter | federal (Custer National Forest) | A remnant of the once continuous blanket of Tertiary deposits that covered much of the Great Plains. |
| Cloverly Formation Site | 1973 | | Big Horn | tribal land (Crow Nation) | Contains early Cretaceous vertebrate fossils. |
| Glacial Lake Missoula | 1966 | 46°56′20″N 114°08′37″W﻿ / ﻿46.938889°N 114.143611°W﻿ / 46.938889; -114.143611﻿ (Lake Missoula) | Sanders | private | Contains the best examples of giant flood ripples in the North American continent. |
| Hell Creek Fossil Area | 1966 | 46°09′N 107°29′W﻿ / ﻿46.15°N 107.48°W﻿ / 46.15; -107.48﻿ (Hell Creek Fossil Area) | Several | mixed- state, private | The type locality for Tyrannosaurus rex, Ankylosaurus magniventris, and Brachychampsa fontana fossils. |
| Medicine Lake Site | 1980 | 48°28′05″N 104°22′54″W﻿ / ﻿48.468056°N 104.381667°W﻿ / 48.468056; -104.381667﻿ (Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge) | Sheridan | federal (Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge) | An exceptional example of the processes of continental glaciation, including till, outwash, eskers, kames, and terrace deposits. |
| Middle Fork Canyon | 1977 | 46°07′54″N 111°06′35″W﻿ / ﻿46.131701°N 111.109849°W﻿ / 46.131701; -111.109849﻿ (Middle Fork Canyon) | Gallatin | federal (Bureau of Land Management) | An outstanding example of a canyon cut across the grain of the geologic structure by a superposed stream. |
| Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge | 1966 | 44°37′49″N 111°46′53″W﻿ / ﻿44.630278°N 111.781389°W﻿ / 44.630278; -111.781389﻿ (Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge) | Beaverhead | federal | A series of relatively undisturbed, high-altitude ecosystem types representative of pre-European settlement conditions. |
| Square Butte (mountain) | 1980 | 47°28′35″N 110°14′31″W﻿ / ﻿47.476499°N 110.241999°W﻿ / 47.476499; -110.241999﻿ (Square Butte (mountain)) | Chouteau | federal (Bureau of Land Management) | One of the best examples of banded magmatic rock in the United States. |
# Eretis herewardi

Eretis herewardi is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique. The habitat consists of woodland.

## Subspecies

* Eretis herewardi herewardi - Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique
* Eretis herewardi rotundimacula Evans, 1937 - Angola
# Chen Danyan

Chen Danyan (Chinese: 陈丹燕; born 18 December 1958) is a writer based in Shanghai, China. Born in Beijing, she moved to Shanghai as a child and her writing revolves around Shanghai and Shanghainese women. She is best known for her trilogy of biographical narratives: Shanghai Memorabilia, Shanghai Princess, and Shanghai Beauty.

## Life and work

Chen first published articles in Chinese journals in the 1970s. After studying Chinese literature at East China Normal University (1978–1982) she worked as an editor for the Children's Epoch magazine.
She dealt mainly with Chinese literature until the mid-eighties when she started writing on the life and the emotional world of adolescent girls. The autobiographical novel Nine Lives (1992) dealt with childhood experiences of the Cultural Revolution. She received the UNESCO-Prize for Peace and Tolerance for Nine Lives and was nominated in 1996 for German Youth Literature Prize. Central to her recent work is an exploration of the world of the young generation in China which has grown up as a result of the one-child family policy of the past two decades.
Another focus of her literary career is articles about her hometown of Shanghai.

## Selected works

* 1995 - Nine Lives - a childhood in Shanghai. Zurich.
* 1996 - Niuyue jiari (New York Holidays). Shanghai. ISBN 7-5321-1475-9
* 1998 - Shanghai Memorabilia (上海的风花雪月)
* 1999 - Shanghai Princess (上海的金枝玉叶). Beijing. ISBN 7-5063-1680-3. English edition 2010
* 2000 - Shanghai Beauty (上海的红颜遗事) - Yao Yao and her mother Shangguan Yunzhu. Beijing. ISBN 7-5063-1680-3
* 2002 - Yu he ta de zi xing che. Beijing. ISBN 7-5321-2368-5
* 2003 - Slow Boat To China. (慢船去中国) Shanghai. 【Version 1】: 《Slow Boat To China》 ISBN 9787222037779, 【Version 2】: 《Slow Boat To China-Fanny》Part 1 ISBN 9787532622429, 《Slow Boat To China-Jenny》Part 2 ISBN 9787532622436
* 2006 - Shanghai: China's Bridge to the Future (Cultural China, Man and the Land). Rhinebeck, NY. ISBN 0-7621-0640-9
# Gertrude Schoepperle

Gertrude Schoepperle (July 15, 1882 – December 11, 1921) was an American university professor and a scholar of medieval Celtic, French, and German literature.

## Biography

Gertrude Schoepperle was born in Oil City, Pennsylvania, July 15, 1882. Her parents were Vinzens Schoepperle, of Rötenbach, Germany, and Elizabeth Klein, of Kittanning, Pennsylvania.
Schoepperle attended Oil City High School. She studied at Wellesley College, Radcliffe College, before traveling abroad to continue her studies in Munich, Paris (with Ferdinand Lot, Joseph Bédier, and Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville), and Dublin. She graduated with a Ph.D. in 1909, at Radcliffe College, with the thesis of "Studies on the Origin of the Tristan Romance".
From 1912 to 1913 she taught German at New York University. From 1911 to 1919, she taught in the English Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and established a strong Celtic studies program. From 1919 to 1921, she taught French at Vassar College.
Schoepperle married Roger Sherman Loomis in August 1919. She died in Poughkeepsie, New York, December 11, 1921, and is buried at Prospect Lawn Cemetery, in Hamburg, New York.

## Selected works

* Arthur in Avalon and the Banshee.
* Chievrefoil, 1909
* The love-potion in Tristan and Isolt, 1910
* The Island combat in "Tristan.", 1910
* Sur un yers de la Folie Tristan de Berne, 1911
* Tristan and Isolt, a study of the sources of the romance by Gertrude Schoepperle, 1913
* Folk-ballads of Southern Europe, 1914
* Irish Studies at the University of Illinois, 1918
* The Washer of the Ford, 1919
* John Arnott Macculloch, 1920
* Etude sur le Lancelot en prose, 1921
* John Synge and His Old French Farce, 1921
* The old French "Lai de Nabaret", 1922
# Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas

Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas, officially Károly Tersztyánszky, also alternatively written Tersztyánszky de Nádas (28 October 1854 – 7 March 1921) was an Austro-Hungarian general who served in World War I.

## Biography

Tersztyánszky was born in Szakolca in the Kingdom of Hungary (today Skalica, Slovakia) on 29 October 1854. He graduated from the Theresian Military Academy in Vienna in 1877 and was commissioned into the Austro-Hungarian Army. Afterwards the dragoon officer went to war school, served in the general staff and held various cavalry commands. While his stubborn, cantankerous and hot-headed behaviour often got him into trouble he nonetheless was frequently commended by his superiors and enjoyed the patronage of the heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (until his assassination in 1914) and Chief of Staff Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf. In 1913 Tersztyánszky was promoted to the rank of General der Kavallerie.
When World War I began Tersztyánszky, commanding IV Corps, served as part of 2nd Army in the Balkans theatre. Later that year the unit was transferred to the Eastern Front to fight in Galicia and Poland. In late spring 1915 he was given command of the short-lived Army Group Tersztyánszky, which soon became the 3rd Army, in Serbia. However, later that year he lost command after clashing with Hungarian Prime Minister István Tisza.
Tersztyánszky had to wait until mid 1916 for a new assignment, now as a recently promoted Generaloberst. He got command of the 4th Army during the Brusilov Offensive, back on the Eastern Front. He took the place of Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria who had been dismissed on insistence of German general Alexander von Linsingen for failures during said campaign. In 1917 Tersztyánszky was relieved once more after clashing with von Linsingen, and was to lead 3rd Army again. However he was removed from command for a final time when unable to hold the lines during the Kerensky Offensive.
Tersztyánszky then served on a ceremonial post as commander of the Imperial and Royal Mounted Lifeguard Squadron. He finally retired in December 1918 after the war had ended; and lived in Vienna until he died there on 7 March 1921.

## Decorations

Among his decorations and recognitions were:
* Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold (with Swords and War Decoration)
* Order of the Iron Crown 1st Class (with Swords and War Decoration)
* Knights Cross of the Order of Leopold
* Order of the Iron Crown 3rd Class
* Military Merit Cross 1st Class (with Swords and War Decoration)
* Star of the Decoration for Services to the Red Cross (with War Decoration)
* Decoration for Services to the Red Cross 1st Class (with War Decoration)
* Bronze Military Merit Medal (on the ribbon of the Military Merit Cross)
* Long Service Cross for Officers 2nd Class
* Bronze Jubilee Medal for the Armed Forces
* 1908 Jubilee Cross
* Mobilization Cross 1912/13
* Geheimrat
* Regimentsinhaber of Hussar Regiment No 8 "von Tersztyánszky"
* Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle (Prussia)
* Iron Cross 1st and 2nd classes (Prussia)
# Emika, Arizona

Emika is a populated place situated in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The name comes from the O'odham language, meaning "my clearing". It has an estimated elevation of 2,283 feet (696 m) above sea level.
# Corbiere v Canada (Minister of Indian and Northern Affairs)

Corbiere v Canada (Minister of Indian and Northern Affairs) [1999] 2 S.C.R. 203, is a leading case from the Supreme Court of Canada where the Court expanded the scope of applicable grounds upon which a section 15(1) Charter claim can be based. This was also the first case to use the framework proposed by Law v. Canada.

## Background

Members of the Batchewana Indian Band, on behalf of themselves and all other non-resident members of the band, sought a declaration that section 77(1) of the Indian Act violates section 15(1) of the Charter. The section of the Indian Act states that only band members "ordinary resident" on the reserve be permitted in order to vote in the band elections even though only one third of the registered members live on the reserve.

## Court's ruling

The court unanimously agreed with the Court of Appeal's ruling that the Act violated section 15(1) of the Charter. However, the Court was split 5 to 4 on the proper application of the test.
The majority opinion was written by McLachlin and Bastarache JJ. with Lamer C.J., Major, and Cory JJ. concurring.
The Court found that an analogous ground upon which a section 15 claim can be based must be immutable, either actually immutable, such as race, or constructively immutable such as religion. Furthermore, once a ground is identified as analogous it remains analogous for all circumstances.
The minority opinion was given by L'Heureux-Dubé with Gonthier, Iacobucci and Binnie JJ. concurring.
# Eterscél mac Áeda

Eterscél mac Áeda (died 778) was a king of the Uí Cheinnselaig of South Leinster. He was of the Sil Chormaic sept and was the son of Áed mac Colggen (died 738), considered to be King of all Leinster. His uncle Sechnassach mac Colggen (died 746/747) had also been a King of Uí Cheinnselaig. He ruled from 770 to 778.
The Uí Cheinnselaig were involved in infighting in this period. Eterscél obtained the throne in 770 by defeating in battle his predecessor Cennselach mac Brain of the Sil Máeluidir sept, who was slain.
# Hicksville High School

Hicksville High School may refer to:
* Hicksville High School (New York) in Hicksville, New York
* Hicksville High School (Ohio) in Hicksville, Ohio
# Emilian Necula

Emilian Necula (born 24 May 1960), known also as Emil Necula is a Romanian former rugby union player. He played as Number 8. He is nicknamed Ene.

## Career

Necula's first cap for Romania was during the match against Italy in Constanta, on In the same year, he also was in the Romania team for 1987 Rugby World Cup, where he only played one match in the tournament, against France on 28 May 1987, in Wellington, which was his second and last international test cap. At club level, Necula played for Farul Constanța in Divizia Nationala, with which he won the 1974, 1975 and 1977 titles.

## Honours
### Farul Constanța

* Cupa României: 1974-1975, 1975-1975, 1977-1978