OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cramm

The House of Cramm (originally also von Kram, von Cramme or von Crammen) is a noted German noble family of the Uradel and one of the oldest noble houses of Lower Saxony.

## History

According to a source from 1774, the family came to the area of the bishopric of Hildesheim around 815 with the Carolingian Emperor Louis I and was granted estates there by him. However, the family is first verifiably documented in 1150 with Dietrich von Cramme. The Cramms were a wealthy knightly family and respected feudatories of the ecclesiastical and secular rulers of the region. From a very early start in their history, the family held high positions at their respective courts. From 1250 on they were the hereditary chamberlains of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg and from 1294 to 1589 the hereditary cup-bearers of the Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim. In later centuries family members served the House of Welf as generals, chamberlains and ministers. They held the title of Freiherr (Baron) and owned multiple estates of which the castles of Bodenburg, Brüggen and Oelber are still in their possession.

## Notable members of the family

* Armgard von Cramm (1883–1971), Mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld and grandmother of Beatrix of the Netherlands
* Asche von Cramm (also Aschwin IV., Ascanius, Assa von Cramm; approx. 1480–1528), famous warrior and military leader of the Reformation period, field marshal to Prince-elector John of Saxony and friend of Martin Luther. At his suggestion, Luther wrote "Ob Kriegsleute auch in seligem Stande sein können" (Whether Soldiers, Too, Can Be Saved), which appeared in 1526. He gained special fame for his bravery in battle, but also for his good nature and piety.
* Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846-1909), Hereditary chamberlain of the Duke of Brunswick. Later he served as Master of the Horse for the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and received the title of Pasha.
* Gottfried von Cramm (1909–1976), German tennis champion who won the French Open twice and reached the final of a Grand Slam in five other occasions. He was ranked number 2 in the world in 1934 and 1936, and number 1 in the world in 1937. His refusal to work with the Nazi regime got him briefly jailed in 1938.
* Helga von Cramm (1840–1919), German and Swiss painter, illustrator and graphic artist.
* Ludolf von Cramme (documented in 1246), first hereditary chamberlain of the Duchy of Brunswick
* Klara von Cramm (⚭ Johann VIII von der Asseburg) with her daughters, 16th century
* Gottfried von Cramm during the Australian Championships 1937
* Armgard von Cramm (2nd from the left) together with her daughter-in-law Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, her son Prince Bernhard and her great-grandson Prince Willem-Alexander.
* Burghard von Cramm (1837-1913), privy councilor and envoy to the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

## Estates

* Bodenburg Castle
* Brüggen Castle
* Oelber Castle, ancestral seat of the family since 1296
# Chlaenius festivus

Chlaenius festivus is a species of ground beetle native to the Palearctic (including Europe) and the Near East. In Europe, it is found in Albania, Austria, the Balearic Islands (doubtful), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Crete, Croatia, the Cyclades Islands, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, the Dodecanese Islands, European Turkey, mainland France, mainland Greece, Hungary, mainland Italy, Malta (doubtful), Moldova, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, southern Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, mainland Spain (doubtful), Ukraine, and Yugoslavia.
# Rogers Dry Lake

Rogers Dry Lake is an endorheic desert salt pan in the Mojave Desert of Kern County, California. The lake derives its name from the Anglicization from the Spanish name, Rodriguez Dry Lake. It is the central part of Edwards Air Force Base as its hard surface provides a natural extension to the paved runways. It was formerly known as Muroc Dry Lake.

## Geology

Rogers Dry Lake is located in the Antelope Valley, about 100 miles (160 km) drive north of Los Angeles. It covers an area of about 65 square miles (170 km$^2$) at the low point of the valley, forming a rough figure eight. It is the bed of a lake that formed roughly 2.5 million years ago, in the Pleistocene. It is 12.5 miles (20.1 km) long and 5.5 miles (8.9 km) wide at its greatest dimensions. The bed of the lake is unusually hard, capable of withstanding as much as 250 psi without cracking. This is sufficient to allow even the heaviest aircraft to land safely.
During the extremely brief rainy season, standing water may be on the lakebed, pooling near the location of the region's lowest elevation (2,300 ft). The lake is adjacent to the smaller Rosamond Lake which through the Holocene, together made up one large water-body.

## History

The area of the lakebed was first used by the railroads, with a watering station for steam engines located nearby by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. In 1910, the Corum family settled on the lake bed; they attempted to create a small community called "Muroc" (the name reversed), which failed. In 1933, the United States Army arrived, looking to establish a bombing range in the area. The lakebed's potential use as an airfield was then realized, and in 1937 the United States Army Air Corps set up Muroc Air Field for training and testing; the airfield later became Edwards Air Force Base.
During World War II, a 650 ft (200 m) replica of a Japanese cruiser was constructed on the lakebed, nicknamed "Muroc Maru". The ship was demolished in 1950.

### Edwards Air Force Base

Many of the United States' notable aeronautical achievements have taken place at Rogers Lake, including the testing of experimental military aircraft, the breaking of the sound barrier by Chuck Yeager, and landings of the Space Shuttle. It is also famous for the world's largest compass rose painted into the lakebed. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.
Its principal runway is 05/23. In addition to its paved component of 15,000 ft (4,600 m) it has an extra 9,000 ft (2,700 m) of lakebed runway, and it is capable of landing all known aircraft.
There are seven other official runways on the Rogers lakebed:
* 17/35 is 7.5 mi (12.1 km) (primary runway)
* 05/23 is 5.2 mi (8.4 km)
* 06/24 is 1.4 mi (2.3 km)
* 07/25 is 4.0 mi (6.4 km)
* 09/27 is 2.0 mi (3.2 km)
* 30 is 2.0 mi (3.2 km) (runway 30 rolls out onto the compass rose, so its corresponding, unmarked, runway 12 is never used)
* 15/33 is 6.2 mi (10.0 km)
* 18/36 is 4.5 mi (7.2 km)
# Rojas Partido

Rojas Partido is a partido in the north of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.
The provincial subdivision has a population of about 23,000 inhabitants in an area of 2,050 km$^2$ (790 sq mi), and its capital city is Rojas, which is around 220 km (140 mi) from Buenos Aires.

## Settlements

* Rojas
* Carabelas
* Rafael Obligado
* Roberto Cano
* Los Indios
* La Beba
* Guido Spano
* Hunter
* Sol de Mayo
# Chloroclystis autopepla

Chloroclystis autopepla is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found on New Guinea.
# Chloroclystis breyniae

Chloroclystis breyniae is a moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Prout in 1958. It is endemic to India.
# John T. Grant

John Thomas Grant (December 13, 1813 – January 18, 1887) was an American railroad executive.
He was born and raised on a farm near Athens, Georgia and graduated from the University of Georgia in 1833 with a degree in forestry.
With his brother James and the unrelated Lemuel Grant he founded an engineering firm called Fannin, Grant and Company which constructed railroads in Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, during which time he amassed a large fortune and enormous tracts of land.
The American Civil War largely destroyed his prospects. Although, at the time of his death some 20 years later, he still possessed 60,000 acres (240 km$^2$) in Texas.
He died in Atlanta on January 18, 1887, and was interred in the Grant mausoleum in Oakland Cemetery.

## Family

He married Martha Cobb (Jackson) Grant.
# Paratachardina lobata

Paratachardina lobata, the lobate lac scale, is a polyphagous lac scale insect, which damages trees and woody shrubs. It is native to India and Sri Lanka, but has been introduced to Florida where it is regarded as an invasive species.

## Description

The adult female insect is up to 2 mm (0.08 in) long and the same wide. The scale that conceals the body has two pairs of prominent lobes, giving the insect an "x"-shape. The scale is glossy, hard and brittle; normally a dark red-brown colour, it is sometimes dull and black due to being coated with sooty mould. The first instar nymphs are oval, dark red and about 0.2 mm (0.01 in) long. It has legs and is the only mobile stage of the insect. The second instar is larger and beginning to show the lobes it will have as an adult. Male lobate lac scales have not been observed in Florida.

## Distribution

This scale insect is native to India and Sri Lanka. In 1992 it was recorded in the Bahamas, and in 1999, it was found for the first time in Florida; the hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) in Broward County on which it was feeding was destroyed, but the following year it appeared on Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina) and on cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco), also in Davie, Florida. By 2001, it had been found at eleven locations in Broward County and six in Miami-Dade County, and by late 2002, it had been identified from sites as far north as Homestead, Florida, and from the coast up to 28 km (17 mi) inland.

## Ecology

The adult scales cluster on woody twigs and small branches of the host plant, forming bumps and knobs when they are plentiful. On one wax-myrtle (Myrica cerifera), a highly susceptible plant, 42 mature individuals were recorded on a 1 cm (0.4 in) section of twig. They plunge their mouthparts into the host and suck sap. The excess fluid is secreted as honeydew and on this sooty mould grows profusely covering twigs and foliage. Shoots may be stunted and die-back may occur, and in extreme cases the plant may die. Because the adults are immobile, it is the crawler that may disperse the insect to new hosts, the nymphs being carried by the wind or adhering to animals or birds.
In the Indian subcontinent, the lobate lac scale is not a significant pest, presumably because it has natural enemies that keep it under control, however in Florida this is not the case. Researchers in India have identified four chalcidoid wasps that parasitize the scale insects, and these are being studied to see whether any would be suitable to act in biological pest control.
# Ichido Asobi ni Kite yo

"Ichido Asobi ni Kite yo '99" (一度遊びに来てよ’99, Ichido Asobi ni Kite yo Kyūjūkyū, lit. "Come Out and Play '99) is the 40th single by Japanese singer/songwriter Chisato Moritaka. Written by Moritaka and Hideo Saitō, the single was released by zetima on October 1, 1999. It is a re-recording of the song from Moritaka's 1994 album Step by Step. The song was Moritaka's final single before her retirement following her marriage to actor Yōsuke Eguchi and her pregnancy at the end of 1999.

## Chart performance

"Ichido Asobi ni Kite yo '99" peaked at No. 60 on Oricon's singles chart and sold 7,000 copies, making it Moritaka's lowest selling single.

## Other versions

Moritaka re-recorded the song and uploaded the video on her YouTube channel on April 27, 2013. This version is also included in Moritaka's 2013 self-covers DVD album Love Vol. 4.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Chisato Moritaka

## Personnel

* Chisato Moritaka – vocals, loop drums
* David T. Walker – guitar
* Yasuaki Maejima – Fender Rhodes, keyboards, synthesizer programming

## Chart positions

| Charts (1999) | Peak position |
| Japanese Oricon Singles Chart | 60 |
# Good Timin' (Jimmy Jones song)

"Good Timin'" was a number-one single in the UK Singles Chart during 1960, written by Fred Tobias and Clint Ballard Jr., and performed by Jimmy Jones. In the U.S., the follow-up to "Handy Man" went to number three on Billboard Hot 100 chart and number eight on the R&B chart. The song extrapolates the historical encounters between David and Goliath and between Columbus and Isabella as reason enough for a boy to meet a girl.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1960) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 7 |
| Canada (CHUM Hit Parade) | 6 |
| New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade) | 5 |
| UK Singles Chart | 1 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 3 |
| U.S. Billboard R&B Singles | 8 |
| U.S. Cash Box Top 100 | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1960) | Rank |
| UK | 7 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 31 |
| U.S. Cash Box | 23 |

## Cover versions

"Good Timin'" was later covered by Kyu Sakamoto in Japanese.
Australian band Ol' 55 covered the song on their album The Vault (1980).
UK band Showaddywaddy also covered the song and released it as a single in 1981, but it failed to reach the charts. It was also featured on their 1981 album Good Times.
# Rue de Miromesnil

The Rue de Miromesnil is a street in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. It begins at the Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré at the level of the Place Beauvau and ends at the Boulevard de Courcelles.
48°52′34″N 2°18′57″E﻿ / ﻿48.8760°N 2.3157°E﻿ / 48.8760; 2.3157
* This article about road transport in France is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Karkoora

Karkoora is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
# Navigational Aids for the History of Science, Technology, and the Environment Project

The Navigational Aids for the History of Science, Technology, and the Environment Project (NAHSTE) was a research archives/manuscripts cataloguing project based at the University of Edinburgh. Following a proposal led by Arnott Wilson in 1999, the project received £261,755 funding from the Research Support Libraries Programme (RSLP) from 2000 until 2002.
The project was designed to access a variety of outstanding collections of archives and manuscripts held at the three partner Higher Education Institutions (HEIs); the University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow and Heriot-Watt University and to make them accessible on the Internet. The project additionally included linkages to related records held by non-HEI collaborators.
Descriptions of the material conform to ISAD(G) (Second edition), whilst information about key individuals conform to ISAAR(CPF). Catalogues were tagged using the Encoded Archival Description XML standard.
Although the project was completed in 2002, the resulting web service continues to be hosted at Edinburgh.
# Necessary Evil (2008 film)

Necessary Evil is a 2008 American thriller film. It was directed by Peter J. Eaton, written by Eric Feldman and Christopher James Harvill, starring Frank Novak, Donald Agnelli and Lance Henriksen. The film is also known under the title Sabotage in the United States, and Species Evil in Japan.

## Cast

* Frank Novak as Army General
* Lance Henriksen as Dr. Fibian
* Donald Agnelli as Albert Fielding
* Greg Collins as Michael Russo
* Danny Trejo as Barro
* Drue Delio as Mental patient
* James DuMont as Officer #1
* Mark Casimir Dyniewicz Jr. as Interrogator #2
* Evan Elliot as Ronald Benjamin
* Eric Feldman as Russo
* Kathryn Fiore as Deborah
* Aaron Fors as Stephen Green
* Daniele Gaither as Gail
# NdhF

The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase F (ndhF) gene is found in all vascular plant divisions and is highly conserved. Its DNA fragment resides in the small single-copy region of the chloroplast genome, and is thought to encode a hydrophobic protein containing 664 amino acids and to have a mass of 72.9 kDa.

## Application

The ndhF fragment has been a very useful tool in phylogenetic reconstruction at a number of taxonomic levels.
# Creel

Creel and Creels can refer to:
* Creel (basket), a type of basket used in fly fishing and commercial fishing
* Creel (surname)
* Creel, Chihuahua, a town in Mexico
* Creel-Terrazas Family, a notable family in the Mexican state of Chihuahua
* a series of bobbins holding the roving on a spinning mule
* an overhead clothes airer
* a crater on Mars
* Creels, West Virginia
* Jargon for a type of fishing or shellfishing harvester interview to determine Catch Per Unit Effort
# Croix de Fer

The Croix de fer (2,343 m) is a mountain of the Mont Blanc Massif, overlooking Trient in the canton of Valais. It is located north of the Tête de Balme and L'Arolette and it is the culminating point of the group between the Col des Montets and the Col de Balme.
# Necklace Road railway station

Necklace Road railway station is a railway station in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Localities like Minister Road, Raj Bhavan, Somajiguda and Necklace Road are accessible from this station.

## Lines

* Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System
** Secunderabad – Nampally (Hyderabad) (SH Line)
# Necklace Nebula

The Necklace Nebula (PN G054.2-03.4) is a 19-trillion-kilometre-wide (2.0 light-year-wide) planetary nebula located about 15,000 light-years away in the northern constellation Sagitta. It was discovered in 2005 from the Isaac Newton Telescope Photometric H-alpha Survey (IPHAS), a ground-based H-alpha planetary nebula study of the North Galactic Plane.
The Necklace Nebula is the exploded aftermath of a giant star that came too close to its Sun-like binary companion. The two stars that produced the Necklace Nebula are in a relatively small orbit about each other. They have a period of 1.2 days and a separation on the order of 5 times the radius of the Sun.
About 10,000 years ago one of the aging stars ballooned to the point where it engulfed its companion star. The smaller star continued orbiting inside its larger companion, increasing the giant's rotation rate.
The bloated companion star spun so fast that a large part of its gaseous envelope expanded into space. Due to centrifugal force, most of the gas escaped along the star's equator, producing a ring. The embedded bright knots are dense gas clumps in the ring.

## Gallery

* The interaction of two doomed stars has created this spectacular ring adorned with bright clumps of gas — a diamond necklace of cosmic proportions.
# Karl Terkal

Karl Terkal (7 October 1919 - 12 August 1996) was an Austrian operatic tenor, particularly associated with lyric roles of the German repertory, both opera and operetta.
Born in Vienna, Terkal was working as a furniture carpenter in Vienna, while taking voice lessons with Valerie Wilhelm. He later entered the Vienna Music Academy, where he was a pupil of Hermann Gallos. He made his stage debut in Graz, as Don Ottavio, in 1950, and remained there until 1952. He made his debut at the Vienna State Opera in 1951, again as Don Ottavio, under Clemens Krauss, and began a long association with that theatre that would last some thirty years. He also sang frequently at the Vienna Volksoper, where he became a great favorite in operetta. He was also a guest at the Bregenz Festival and Salzburg Festival.
He also made appearances in London, Rome, Milan, Naples, Palermo, Lisbon, etc. He excelled in lyric parts in opera by Mozart, Wagner, Strauss, Verdi and Puccini, as well as operetta by Johann Strauss, Franz Lehár, etc.

## Selected recordings

* 1951 - La bohème - Trude Eipperle, Karl Terkal, Wilma Lipp, Alfred Poell - Bavarian Radio Chorus and Orchestra, Clemens Krauss - Cantus Classic (sung in German)
* 1952 - Gräfin Mariza - Sena Jurinac, Karl Terkal, Anneliese Rothenberger, Rupert Glawitsch [de], Rundfunkorchester Hamburg [de], Wilhelm Stephan [de] - Gala
* 1953 - La traviata - Teresa Stich-Randall, Karl Terkal, Robert Blasius - Cologne Radio Chorus and Orchestra, Mario Rossi - Cantus Classic (sung in German)
* 1956 - Die Frau ohne Schatten - Leonie Rysanek, Christel Goltz, Emmy Loose, Elisabeth Hongen, Hans Hopf, Karl Terkal, Paul Schöffler, Vienna Philharmonic, Karl Boehm - London
* 1959 - Die Fledermaus - Gerda Scheyer, Wilma Lipp, Christa Ludwig, Karl Terkal, Anton Dermota, Eberhard Wachter, Walter Berry - Philarmonia Chorus and Orchestra, Otto Ackermann - EMI Classics

## Sources

* Operissimo.com
# Cricket Paint

Cricket Paint was a second generation 1-bit (black and white) painting software program for the Apple Macintosh by Cricket Software. It followed MacPaint and was a competitor to Silicon Beach Software's SuperPaint. Like SuperPaint it was an early attempt to combine the separate graphic methods of bitmap and vector graphics. Cricket Software already had a vector-only package called CricketDraw. The way it achieved this dualism was with a feature called WetPaint. This allowed the user to draw vector graphics and modify them in an object-oriented way like in Apple's MacDraw, for example, changing the size, stroke and fill. When satisfied, the user could click outside the object and Cricket Paint would convert the vector graphic into a bitmap and place it on the canvas, in a destructive edit. This package had some extra tools not found in MacPaint or MacDraw, such as the Spiral and Starburst, which drew radial lines.
It was also released for Microsoft Windows.
# Negative branch reservations

Negative Branch Reservations is an emerging phenomenon from Eliyahu Goldratt's Theory of Constraints. A Negative Branch Reservation is a cause and effect analysis of a situation. This thinking skill is used to map out what can go wrong in a process of change and help to anticipate any negative outcomes. This technique uses these forms in its analysis Thinking Processes of the theory: Future Reality Tree, Transition Tree, or Prerequisite Tree.
# Karl von Oven

Karl von Oven (29 November 1888 – 20 January 1974) was a German general during World War II who commanded several corps. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

## Awards and decorations

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 January 1942 as Generalleutnant and commander of 56. Infanterie-Division
# Crossosoma (millipede)

Crossosoma is a genus of millipedes in the family Craspedosomatidae. There are about 10 described species in Crossosoma.

## Species

* Crossosoma broelemanni Strasser, 1975
* Crossosoma casalei Strasser, 1979
* Crossosoma cavernicola (Manfredi, 1951)
* Crossosoma falciferum Strasser, 1975
* Crossosoma fossum Strasser, 1979
* Crossosoma mauriesi Strasser, 1970
* Crossosoma parvum Strasser, 1979
* Crossosoma peyerimhoffi (Brölemann, 1902)
* Crossosoma phantasma Strasser, 1970
* Crossosoma semipes (Strasser, 1958)
# Crossosoma bigelovii

Crossosoma bigelovii, known by the common name ragged rockflower, is one of only a few species in the flowering plant family Crossosomataceae.
It is native to the Mojave, Chihuahuan, and Sonoran Deserts of North America. It has been reported from the states of Arizona, California, Nevada, Baja California, Chihuahua, and Sonora.

## Description

The species is a shrub that grows up to 1–2 metres (3.3–6.6 ft) tall. It is intricately divided into thorn-tipped branches lined with clusters of small, deciduous, gray-green leaves no longer than about 1.5 centimeters. The inflorescence bears a single flower, which has 5 white to purple-tinged petals about a centimeter long and narrowing to claws at their bases.

## Uses

Ragged rockflower is occasionally used as an ornamental plant in habitat gardens and natural landscaping. It can be grown from seed in well-drained soil for a desert butterfly garden. It is a difficult plant for the average homeowner to grow, as over-watering will kill it.
# Pezzani

Pezzani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gianni Pezzani (real name Giovanni Pezzani, born 1951), Italian photographer
* Renzo Pezzani (1898–1951), Italian poet and writer