OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ROKS Yun Bong-gil

ROKS Yun Bong-gil (SS-077) is the fifth boat of the Sohn Won-yil-class submarine in the Republic of Korea Navy. She is named after the Korean independence activist, Yun Bong-gil.

## Design

There are media reports that the Sohn Won-yil is equipped with eight 533 mm torpedo tubes, and that South Korea will mount a Korean Tomahawk missile, Hyunmoo-3, with a range of 500 km. It is said that they are also developing versions with a range of 1000 km and 1500 km, but there was no confirmation of whether this version could be mounted on a 533mm torpedo tube. Originally, the American Tomahawk missile was conceptually designed to be launched from a 533mm torpedo tube. Korea has also recently succeeded in localizing it.
The Cheonryong missile with a range of 500 km has been installed in the Sohn Won-yil-class and has been deployed and is in operation.
Germany, which exported the Sohn Won-yil-class (class 214), is using a Type 212 submarine that uses the same AIP system with the same displacement. It has a range of 20 km, and is equipped with four 533 mm torpedo tube, and is capable against air, surface, and submarine targets.

## Construction and career

ROKS Yun Bong-gil was launched on 3 July 2014 by Hyundai Heavy Industries and commissioned on 20 June 2016.

## Gallery

* ROKS Yun Bong-gil in Guam on 5 June 2019
# Radiophysical Research Institute

The Radiophysical Research Institute (NIRFI), based in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, is a research institute that conducts basic and applied research in the field of radiophysics, radio astronomy, cosmology and radio engineering. It is also known for its work in solar physics, sun-earth physics as well as the related geophysics. It also does outreach for the Russian education system. It was formed in 1956 as the Radiophysical Research Institute of the (Soviet) Ministry of Education and Science.

## Projects NIRFI

* Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility
* Zimenkovsky radio-astronomical observatory
* Radio telescope - RT-14 laboratories NIRFI Staraya Pustin + two RT-7
# RQM

RQM or rqm may refer to:
* Relational quantum mechanics, an interpretation of quantum mechanics
* Relativistic quantum mechanics, a theory in quantum mechanics
* Rekem, a former name of the archaeological city Petra
* Regimental quartermaster, a type of military quartermaster
# Oxford House (Grand Forks, North Dakota)

Oxford House is a building on the University of North Dakota campus in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
When it was built in 1902, it was considered one of the most fashionable houses in the Northwest.
It was designed by architect Joseph Bell DeRemer in Colonial Revival style.
# Lydia Rogers White

Lydia Rogers White (baptised 1760 – January 1827) was a literary hostess in London known for her independence, her wit, her travel and reading. Her obituary was first published in 1910.

## Life

Lydia Rogers White's birth date is unknown but she was baptised in 1760 in Bristol. Her mother, Cecil, was an heiress of her brother William Basset of Miskin in Glamorgan. Her father, Stephen White, was the High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1785. Although she was the youngest daughter, all three surviving children had both riches and connections. Her sister Ann married Francis Saunderson on 28 August 1778 who was a member of parliament and her other sister Mary married John Bennet Popkin.
White's life was reconstructed in 1910 by using the accounts of other notable writers who mention her. The first was Fanny Burney who records that White was threatening suicide in 1780 because of her need for companionship. White was said to be pleasing rather than pretty and she preferred reading and talking to writing. Six years later she was getting poor regard from Betsy Sheridan who saw her as a rival for her father, Thomas Sheridan's. affections.
In 1798 she was living at the house of Sir Joshua Reynolds. The writer and banker Samuel Rogers said she had an income of £1,200 per year and he is said to have contemplated marriage. White's father had died the year before and made all of his daughters financially independent. Lydia had devoted two years to caring for her father whilst her wit was missed at the fashionable Bath Pump Room. White met the poet Lord Byron as his admirer Lady Caroline Lamb as they used her salon as a place to meet each other. Walter Scott said of White that she was "what Oxonians call a lioness of the first order, with stockings nineteen times nine dyed blue, very lively, very good-humoured, and extremely absurd". She was a society hostess at her house in Grovesnor Square where she competed with the other leading salons run by Baroness Holland, the Countess of Cork and Lady Davy for guests. White's celebrity guests were usually from the literary set.
White went on a tour of Europe. in 1815 she was in Paris, and the following year in Florence. In 1818 she was in Switzerland and Italy and in 1819 she was again in Italy. She was said to have "set her cap" at both Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi and the historian William Gell, but neither of these plans were successful.
White's plans were foreshortened when her legs became swollen. However, disabled by dropsy, she was propped up and the parties continued at her house for some years. It was said that although she died in January 1827 her guests turned up as usual for the party at Saint George, Hanover Square, later that week. Her will was dated 26 February 1827.
The facts of her life were gathered together by William Prideaux Courtney but he did not publish his book on "Friends of the Great" until 1910. https://archive.org/details/eightfriendsofgr00cour/page/148
# Lydia Sambaquy

Lydia Sambaquy (March 23, 1913 – January 13, 2006) was a Brazilian librarian. She was the founder and president of the Brazilian Institute of Bibliography and Documentation (IBBD), known today as the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), for eleven years. She was president-elect of the International Documentation Federation from 1959 to 1962.

## Life

Sambaquy was born in 1913. Her cousin was Rachel de Queiroz. When she was sixteen she married Julio Furquim Sambaquy who was, in time, a minister for education. In the 1950s she dreamt of having a seven-storey library with a top floor reserved for training librarians – but the finances were never available. She and her sister were working for the Public Service Administrative Department. There she established a foundation course for librarians. Her ambitions began to be fulfilled when UNESCO and Fundação Getúlio Vargas funded her and Jannice Monte-Mor to spend a year visiting libraries to identify their own plans.
Sambaquy was said to have had all the plans necessary for the Brazilian Institute of Bibliography and Documentation (IBBD) and she is credited as the founder. Once the institute was created she became its director and she was to fulfil that role for eleven years. The end of her career was created by a power play under the imposed military regime in Brazil, and Sambaquy left her job.
The IBICT is the branch of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) engaged in prospecting and disseminating scientific information.
Sambaquy died from natural causes at her home on January 13, 2006.
# Luzillé

Luzillé (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.
# Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome

Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome is a medical condition associated with the FOXC2 gene.$^{:849}$ People with this hereditary condition have a double row of eyelashes, which is called distichiasis, and a risk of swollen limbs due to problems in the lymphatic system.

## Genetics

Lymphedema-distichiasis is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. It is estimated that only 1⁄4 of diagnosed individuals did not inherit the condition but rather acquired the syndrome via a de novo mutation. Symptoms emerge between the life stages of puberty to early adulthood (around 30 years old). This is the result of a mutation in the FOXC2 gene.

## Mutations

p.Y41F, a missense mutation, is also located in FOXC2 AD-1. p.Y41F is one of eleven mutations found in the FOXC2 gene. It was determined that of these 11 mutations, one was nonsense, six were missense, and four were frameshift mutations.

## Symptoms

The main symptoms of lymphedema-distichiasis are limb swelling and a double row of eyelashes. Symptoms that have been noted in some but not all cases include cysts, light sensitivity, cardiac defects, cleft palate, and eye problems such as astigmatism and cornea scarring.

## Syndrome diagnosis and management

Currently, the most accurate test to determine if an individual is affected by lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome is done via Sanger sequencing, which includes whole genome analysis and single gene and multigene testing. Sequenced DNA that exhibits mutations in the FOXC2 gene are considered confirmed clinical diagnoses. In addition to Sanger sequencing, Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification (MLPA) can be used to determine if duplications and deletions in FOXC2 are present in an individual, making it a practical testing mechanism. Lastly, diagnosis is sometimes determined without genome testing. If an individual exhibits multiple symptoms of lymphedema-distichiasis and has a medical history consistent with known lymphedema-distichiasis symptoms, then their diagnosis is confirmed via clinical evaluation.
Lymphedema-distichiasis is a rare genetic disease, it is unknown how many individuals are affected and what the frequency of the condition is. As a result, there are few syndrome management techniques: Symptoms of distichiasis can be minimized via eyelash plucking, electrolysis and other various treatments. Limb swelling can be reduced using compression clothing and bandages. Lastly, rapid treatment of broken skin and cellulitis lessens severity of symptoms.
# List of ecoregions in Djibouti

The following is a list of ecoregions in Djibouti as identified by One Earth

## Terrestrial

Djibouti is in the Afrotropical realm. Two of its three ecoregions are in the deserts and xeric shrublands biome.
* Eritrean coastal desert
* Djibouti xeric shrublands
* Red Sea mangroves
# List of ecoregions in Cyprus

The following is a list of ecoregions in Cyprus, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF):

## Terrestrial
### Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

* Cyprus Mediterranean forests

## Freshwater

* Southern Anatolia

## Marine

* Levantine Sea
* Ecology
* Environment
# PHEX

Phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked also known as phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome or metalloendopeptidase homolog PEX is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PHEX gene. This gene contains 18 exons and is located on the X chromosome.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane endopeptidase that belongs to the type II integral membrane zinc-dependent endopeptidase family. The protein is thought to be involved in bone and dentin mineralization and renal phosphate reabsorption. The bone and dentin protein osteopontin (OPN) which inhibits mineralization in the skeleton and in teeth is a substrate for PHEX. In the absence of functional PHEX in the mouse model (Hyp) of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and in human XLH where PHEX activity is decreased or absent, increased circulating FGF23 hormone results in low serum phosphate (caused by renal phosphate wasting) such that there is an insufficient level of this mineral ion in the blood in transit to mineralized tissues compared to the normal amount that is required for proper bone and tooth mineralization; this leads to soft bones and teeth.
In addition to renal phosphate wasting, the mineralization-inhibiting phosphoprotein osteopontin and osteopontin fragments accumulate in the extracellular matrix of bones and teeth to contribute locally to the reduction in mineralization, which together with the systemic lower level of circulating serum phosphate, both lead to the decreased mineralization (hypomineralization) characteristic of the osteomalacia and odontomalacia typically seen in XLH/Hyp. XLH patients have soft and deformed skeletons, and soft teeth that easily become infected. Osteopontin (OPN) is a substrate protein for the enzyme PHEX whose enzymatic activity degrades/removes the mineralization-inhibiting function of OPN in normal mineralized tissue physiology,
In disease, when the PHEX gene is mutated causing reduced or absent PHEX enzymatic activity, OPN that would normally be degraded and cleared remains behind in the extracellular matrix of bones and teeth, accumulating locally in the tissue to contribute to the osteomalacia and odontomalacia. A relationship describing local, physiologic double-negative (inhibiting inhibitors) regulation of mineralization involving OPN has been termed the Stenciling Principle of mineralization, whereby enzyme-substrate pairs imprint mineralization patterns into the extracellular matrix (most notably for bone) by degrading mineralization inhibitors (e.g. TNAP/TNSALP/ALPL enzyme degrading the pyrophosphate inhibition, and PHEX enzyme degrading the osteopontin inhibition). The Stenciling Principle for mineralization is particularly relevant to the osteomalacia and odontomalacia observed in hypophosphatasia and X-linked hypophosphatemia.

## Clinical significance

Mutation of PHEX leads to X-linked hypophosphatemia.
# PHENIX detector

The PHENIX detector (for Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction eXperiment) is the largest of the four experiments that have taken data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States.

## Overview

PHENIX is an exploratory experiment for the investigation of high energy collisions of heavy ions and protons, and is designed specifically to measure direct probes of the collisions such as electrons, muons, and photons. The primary goal of PHENIX is to discover and study a new state of matter called quark–gluon plasma (QGP). Detecting and understanding the QGP allows us to understand better the universe in the moments after the Big Bang.
The PHENIX Experiment consists of a collection of detectors, each of which perform a specific role in the measurement of the results of a heavy ion collision. The detectors are grouped into two central arms, which are capable of measuring a variety of particles including pions, protons, kaons, deuterons, photons, and electrons, and two muon arms which focus on the measurement of muon particles. There are also additional event characterization detectors that provide additional information about a collision, and a set of three huge magnets that bend the trajectories of the charged particles. These detectors work together in an advanced high-speed data acquisition system to collect information about the event and subsequently investigate properties of the QGP.
The experiment consists of a collaboration of more than 400 scientists and engineers from around the world. The collaboration is led by a spokesperson, elected by members every three years, along with a team of deputies and other appointed members who oversee various aspects of operating the detector and managing the large group of scientist and institutions affiliated with it. Past and present spokespeople include Shoji Nagamiya (1992–1998), William Allen Zajc (1998–2006), and Barbara Jacak (2007–2012).

## The physics of PHENIX

The PHENIX collaboration performs basic research with high energy collisions of heavy ions and protons. The primary mission of PHENIX is the following:
* Search for a new state of matter called the quark–gluon plasma, which is believed to be the state of matter existing in the universe shortly after the Big Bang. PHENIX data suggest that a new form of matter has indeed been discovered, and that it behaves like a perfect fluid. PHENIX scientists are now working to study its properties.
* Study matter under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure.
* Learn where the proton gets its spin.
* Study the most basic building blocks of nature and the forces that govern them.
* Create a map of the quantum chromodynamics phase diagram.
# PHF10

PHD finger protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHF10 gene.

## Function

This gene contains a predicted ORF that encodes a protein with two zinc finger domains. The function of the encoded protein is not known. Sequence analysis suggests that multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants are derived from this gene but the full-length nature of only two of them is known. These two splice variants encode different isoforms. A pseudogene for this gene is located on Xq28.
# Rafael Filippelli

Rafael Filippelli (24 November 1938 – 22 March 2023) was an Argentine film director, producer and screenwriter.

## Life and career

Born in Buenos Aires, Filippelli started working as assistant director in the mid-1950s, and in 1961 he directed his first short film, Porque hoy es sábado. A member of the group "Underground", together with, among others, Edgardo Cozarinsky, Néstor Lescovich, Miguel Bejo [es] and Bebe Kamin [es], following the 1976 Argentine coup d'état he moved to exile in Mexico and later in Los Angeles. Returned to Argentina, in 1985 he made his feature film debut with Hay unos tipos abajo, which was followed by The Absentee, which entered the Moscow International Film Festival. In the 1990s, he directed a film trilogy dedicated to the city of Buenos Aires which mixed documentary and fiction. In 2007, he was awarded best director at the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema for Música nocturna.
Filippelli was also a film critic and theorist, and served as professor of screenwriting at the Universidad del Cine from its foundation until his death. He died of complications from a minor surgery on 22 March 2023, at the age of 84. He was married to writer Beatriz Sarlo, with whom he often collaborated.
# Lyropteryx terpsichore

Lyropteryx terpsichore is a species of butterfly in the butterfly family Riodinidae, subfamily Riodininae and the Lyropteryx genus.
Lyropteryx terpsichore was described by John O. Westwood in 1851.
It is endemic to Paraguay and Brazil.
# Lyropupa lyrata

Lyropupa lyrata is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Pupillidae. This species is endemic to the United States.
# Lupus of Spoleto

Lupus ruled the Duchy of Spoleto from 745 to 751. He was relatively independent of royal authority.
He made many donations to the Abbey of Farfa and had a close relationship with Abbot Fulcoald. On his death, the duchy was probably seized by Aistulf and then granted to one Unnolf for a brief spell.
# Lake Peekskill, New York

Lake Peekskill is a hamlet in the town of Putnam Valley in Putnam County, New York, United States, centered on Lake Peekskill. The community is 3.7 miles (6.0 km) northeast of Peekskill. Lake Peekskill has a post office with ZIP code 10537.
# Lalitha (raga)

Lalitha is a raga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya raga of Mayamalavagowla, the 15th Melakarta raga. It is closely related to Vasantha, as the two share many characteristic prayogas and have similar scales. Lalitha is often used In Tamil film songs, especially by Ilayaraja who has composed five film songs based on this ragam.

## Structure

Lalitha is an asymmetric scale that does not contain panchamam. It is called a shadava raga structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
* ārohaṇa : S R₁ G₃ M₁ D₁ N₃ Ṡ
* avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₃ D₁ M₁ G₃ R₁ S
This scale uses the notes shadjam, shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kakali nishadam.

## Popular compositions

Lalitha has ample scope for alapana. This scale has been used by many composers for compositions in classical music. Here are some popular compositions in Lalitha.
* Hiranmayim Lakshmim and Agastiswaram by Muthuswami Dikshitar. Dikshitar also uses it in the ragamalika Sri Vishwanatham Bhaje.
* Nannu brovu Lalitha by Syama Sastri
* Seetamma Mayamma by Thyagaraja (popularly sung in Vasantha, though R Vedavalli and others sing it in Lalitha).
* Natanala Brahmayaku by Annamacharya
* Sri Rajarajeshwareem by Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar

## Film Songs
### Language:Tamil

| Song | Movie | Composer | Singer |
| Ithazhil Kathai | Unnal Mudiyum Thambi | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chitra |
| Mathana Mohana | Indru Poi Naalai Vaa | Illayaraja | Malaysia Vasudevan, S. P. Sailaja |
| Sengamalam Sirikuthu | Dhavani Kanavugal | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Vanakkuyile Kuyil | Priyanka | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Thirumagal | Vanaja Girija | Illayaraja | Arunmozhi |
# Distemper

Distemper may refer to:

## Illness

* A viral infection
** Canine distemper, a disease of dogs
** Feline distemper, a disease of cats
** Phocine distemper, a disease of seals
* A bacterial infection
** Equine distemper, or Strangles, a bacterial infection of the horse
* Derangement or disturbance of the four humours or "temper", in pre-modern medicine

## Other uses

* Distemper (paint), a decorative paint and a historical medium for painting pictures
* Distemper (band), a Russian ska punk band
* Distemper (album), by The New Christs
* Remix dystemper, a remix album by Skinny Puppy
# Distelsee

Distelsee is a high alpine lake in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is located at an elevation of 2587 m, below Brudelhorn. Its surface area is 4.8 ha.
# Lalita Venkatram

Lalita Venkatram (1909 – 1992), also credited as Lalita Venkataram or Lalitha Venkataraman, was an Indian Carnatic singer and veena player. She is credited as the first playback singer in Tamil cinema and the first Carnatic musician to be featured on All India Radio, Bombay.

## Early life

Venkatram was born in Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, the daughter of Manavasi V. Ramaswamy Iyer and Subbalakshmi Ramaswami. Her father was a public works engineer and a composer.

## Career

Venkatram gave concerts in India and Ceylon, singing and accompanying herself on veena. She gave a benefit performance in Colombo after the 1935 Quetta earthquake. She was the first Carnatic singer to be heard on All India Radio, Bombay, because she sang on the station's first broadcast in 1933. She provided singing vocals for an actress in A. V. Meiyappan's Nandakumar (1938), becoming the first playback singer in a Tamil film. She continued giving concerts and performing on All India Radio into the late 1940s.
Venkatram taught music students in Bombay after she retired from performing. One of her successful students was singer and composer Shankar Mahadevan.

## Personal life

She married K. S. Venkatram. She lived in Bombay and had five children, including singer Kalyani Ramdas. Venkatram died in 1992. One of her grandchildren, Krishna Ramdas, is a professional tabla player.