OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Defiance Township, Ohio

Defiance Township is one of the twelve townships of Defiance County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 13,216 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the southeastern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Noble Township - north
* Richland Township - northeast
* Highland Township - southeast
* Emerald Township, Paulding County - south
* Auglaize Township, Paulding County - southwest
* Delaware Township - northwest
A large part of the county seat of Defiance is located in northern Defiance Township.

## Name and history

It is the only Defiance Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## Transportation

U.S. Route 24 travels from east to west through the northwestern corner of Defiance Township. Other significant roads in the township include:
* State Route 15, which travels from north to south near the eastern edge of the township
* State Route 66, which travels from north to south through the eastern half of the township
* State Route 111, which travels from northeast to southwest along the Auglaize River through the center of the township
* State Route 424, which travels along the southern side of the Maumee River through the center of the township after breaking off from U.S. Route 24 in the township's west
# List of gunboats of the Swedish Navy

* Ships of the Swedish Navy
* Capital ships
* Coastal defence ships
* Corvettes
* Cruisers
* Destroyers
* Frigates
* Mine warfare vessels
* Monitors
* Patrol vessels
* Gunboats
* Sloops of war
* Submarines
* Torpedo boats
This is a list of Swedish gunboats.

## 1st class

* HSwMS Blenda (1874)
* HSwMS Disa (1877)
* HSwMS Edda (1882)
* HSwMS Rota (1878)
* HSwMS Skagul (1878)
* HSwMS Skuld (1879)
* HSwMS Skäggald (1878)
* HSwMS Urd (1877)
* HSwMS Verdande (1878)

## 2nd class

* HSwMS Alfhild (1862)
* HSwMS Aslög (1861)
* HSwMS Astrid (1861)
* HSwMS Carlsund (1860)
* HSwMS Gunhild (1862)
* HSwMS Hogland (1856)
* HSwMS Ingegerd (1862)
* HSwMS Motala (1860)
* HSwMS Sigrid (1862)
* HSwMS Svensksund (1856)
* HSwMS Svensksund (1891)
* HSwMS von Sydow (1850)
# Marguerite Trussler

Marguerite J Trussler KC is the Ethics Commissioner of the Canadian Province of Alberta, an Officer of the Provincial Legislature.

## Education

Trussler received her B.A. in 1969, her LL.B. in 1970 from the University of Alberta in Edmonton. She received her LL.M. in 1974 from the University of Melbourne, and her LL.D. in 2012 from the University of Alberta.

## Career

Trussler served a Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta judge from 1986 to 2007. Arguably, the highest profile case she heard in her years on this Bench was the Charles Ng extradition hearing, when American journalists filled her court to follow the proceedings.
She also served as chair of the Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission from 2007 to 2014.

### Office of the Ethics Commissioner

Trussler was endorsed by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) in May 2014, during the early months of the tenure of then Alberta Premier Dave Hancock, who served as interim leader of the Progressive Conservative Association. The Ethics Commissioner is an "independent officer of the legislature responsible for investigating complaints made against MLAs under the Conflict of Interest Act, providing advice to members on ethics issues and reviewing MLA disclosure statements." Then Lieutenant Governor in Council, Donald Stewart Ethell OC OMM AOE MSC CD appointed Trussler following the recommendation of the MLAs. Trussler succeeded Neil Wilkinson, a former Progressive Conservative party member. Before serving as Commissioner, Wilkinson served as the chair of Edmonton’s now-defunct Capital Health Region. His investigations into Peter Sandhu, a former MLA, and former premier Alison Redford, were heavily criticized by all three opposition parties.

## Family

Trussler is the wife of Sir Francis Price, 7th Baronet, KC.
# Bruce Adamson

Bruce Adamson is Professor of Practice at the University of Glasgow's School of Law, having been the Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland 2017–2023.

## Early life

Adamson was originally from Palmerston North, New Zealand. He attended Palmerston North Boys' High School. At the Victoria University of Wellington he gained a Bachelor of Arts (majoring in History) and a Bachelor of Laws.
Adamson practised in the family and criminal courts in New Zealand before moving to Scotland in 2002.

## Background

Adamson was part of the team when the Scotland's Commissioner for Children and Young People was set up in 2005.
He was a legal officer at the Scottish Human Rights Commission. and has worked as a member of Children's Panels.
In 2013 he was seconded to a position in Geneva with the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions. representing institutions from over 100 countries working to improve human rights across the world.

## Children and Young People's Commissioner

On 14 March 2017, Parliament approved his nomination.
Adamson has spoken in support of a ban of smacking and the raising of the age of criminal responsibility.

## Academia

In October 2023, Adamson was announced by University of Glasgow as Professor of Practice at their School of Law.
# Lanthanum hexaboride

Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB$_6$, also called lanthanum boride and LaB) is an inorganic chemical, a boride of lanthanum. It is a refractory ceramic material that has a melting point of 2210 °C, and is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid. It is extremely hard, with a Mohs hardness of 9.5. It has a low work function and one of the highest electron emissivities known, and is stable in vacuum. Stoichiometric samples are colored intense purple-violet, while boron-rich ones (above LaB$_{6.07}$) are blue. Ion bombardment changes its color from purple to emerald green. LaB$_6$ is a superconductor with a relatively low transition temperature of 0.45 K.

## Uses
### Electron Sources

The principal use of lanthanum hexaboride is in hot cathodes, either as a single crystal or as a coating deposited by physical vapor deposition. Hexaborides, such as lanthanum hexaboride (LaB$_6$) and cerium hexaboride (CeB$_6$), have low work functions, around 2.5 eV. They are also somewhat resistant to cathode poisoning. Cerium hexaboride cathodes have a lower evaporation rate at 1700 K than lanthanum hexaboride, but they become equal at temperatures above 1850 K. Cerium hexaboride cathodes have one and half the lifetime of lanthanum hexaboride, due to the former's higher resistance to carbon contamination. Hexaboride cathodes are about ten times "brighter" than tungsten cathodes, and have 10–15 times longer lifetime. Devices and techniques in which hexaboride cathodes are used include electron microscopes, microwave tubes, electron lithography, electron beam welding, X-ray tubes, free electron lasers and several types of electric propulsion technologies. Lanthanum hexaboride slowly evaporates from the heated cathodes and forms deposits on the Wehnelt cylinders and apertures.

### X-Ray Diffraction Reference

LaB$_6$ is also used as an X-ray powder diffraction (XRD or pXRD) peak position and line shape reference standard. It is therefore used to calibrate measured diffractometer angles and to determine instrumental broadening of diffraction peaks. The latter makes crystallite size and strain measurements by XRD possible.
# Karahacılı, Mersin

Karahacılı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yenişehir, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 761 (2022). It is situated in the valley of Mezitli River between Bozön and Turunçlu. The distance to Mersin is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi). Main crops of the village are fruits and vegetables.
# Capshaw

Capshaw may refer to:

## Places

* Capshaw, Alabama, an unincorporated community in eastern Limestone County, Alabama
* Capshaw Mountain, a mountain located in Harvest, Alabama

## People

* Coran Capshaw, American band manager, record label founder, and real estate mogul
* Jessica Capshaw (born 1976), American actress
* Kate Capshaw (born 1953), American actress

## Fictional characters

* Neely Capshaw, a fictional character from the TV series Baywatch
# Cui Yi (general)

Cui Yi (Chinese: 崔毅; April 1930 – 21 November 2019) was a lieutenant general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. He served as Director of the Organization Department of the PLA General Political Department and Deputy Political Commissar of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense.

## Biography

Cui was born in April 1930 in Penglai, Shandong, Republic of China. His original name was Zhao Rihui (赵日惠). He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1945 and the People's Liberation Army in 1946. During the Chinese Civil War, he participated in the battles of Guanzhuang 官庄, Jiafengshan 贾峰山, and Wutai 五台, and served as a battalion-level political instructor.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he served as a company-level officer, and rose through the ranks to director of the political department of a division. He later served as Director of the Organization Department of the PLA General Political Department and Deputy Political Commissar of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense.
Cui attained the military rank of senior captain in 1955. He was promoted to major general in 1988 and lieutenant general in 1990. He was a representative of the 13th and 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, a member of the 14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and a delegate to the 9th National People's Congress.
Cui died on 21 November 2019 in Beijing, aged 89.
# Netherlands Antilles at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships

Netherlands Antilles competed at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China between July 16 and 31, 2011.

## Swimming

Netherlands Antilles qualified 1 swimmer.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Rodion Davelaar | Men's 50m Breaststroke | 28.21 | 24 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Rodion Davelaar | Men's 100m Breaststroke | 1:04.50 | 61 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Netherlands Antilles at the Pan American Games

The Netherlands Antilles competed at every edition of the Pan American Games from the second edition of the multi-sport event in 1955 until the 2011 games. Netherlands Antilles did not compete at the only Winter Pan American Games. 2011 marked the last appearance for the country, albeit under the Pan American Sports Organization flag. Since 2015, Curaçaoan and St. Maartener athletes have been eligible to represent Aruba.

## Medal count

To sort the tables by host city, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.

### Summer

| Year | Ref. | Edition | Host city | Rank | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1951 | | I | Buenos Aires | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate |
| 1955 | | II | Mexico City | 16th | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 1959 | | III | Chicago | 18th | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1963 | | IV | São Paulo | 12th | 0 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 1967 | | V | Winnipeg | 19th | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1971 | | VI | Cali | 11th | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 1975 | | VII | Mexico City | 16th | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1979 | | VIII | San Juan | 18th | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1983 | | IX | Caracas | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1987 | | X | Indianapolis | 23rd | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1991 | | XI | Havana | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1995 | | XII | Mar del Plata | 14th | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 1999 | | XIII | Winnipeg | 18th | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2003 | | XIV | Santo Domingo | 27th | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2007 | | XV | Rio de Janeiro | 19th | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2011 | | XVI | Guadalajara | 17th | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2015 | | XVII | Toronto | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 19th | 5 | 9 | 17 | 31 |

### Winter

| Year | Ref. | Edition | Host city | Rank | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1990 | | I | Las Leñas | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Neptunea communis

Neptunea communis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.
# Curvature invariant

In Riemannian geometry and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, curvature invariants are scalar quantities constructed from tensors that represent curvature. These tensors are usually the Riemann tensor, the Weyl tensor, the Ricci tensor and tensors formed from these by the operations of taking dual contractions and covariant differentiations.

## Types of curvature invariants

The invariants most often considered are polynomial invariants. These are polynomials constructed from contractions such as traces. Second degree examples are called quadratic invariants, and so forth. Invariants constructed using covariant derivatives up to order n are called n-th order differential invariants.
The Riemann tensor is a multilinear operator of fourth rank acting on tangent vectors. However, it can also be considered a linear operator acting on bivectors, and as such it has a characteristic polynomial, whose coefficients and roots (eigenvalues) are polynomial scalar invariants.

## Physical applications

In metric theories of gravitation such as general relativity, curvature scalars play an important role in telling distinct spacetimes apart.
Two of the most basic curvature invariants in general relativity are the Kretschmann scalar
    $R_{abcd}\,R^{abcd}$
and the Chern–Pontryagin scalar,
    $R_{abcd}\,{^{\star }\!R}^{abcd}$
These are analogous to two familiar quadratic invariants of the electromagnetic field tensor in classical electromagnetism.
An important unsolved problem in general relativity is to give a basis (and any syzygies) for the zero-th order invariants of the Riemann tensor.
They have limitations because many distinct spacetimes cannot be distinguished on this basis. In particular, so called VSI spacetimes (including pp-waves as well as some other Petrov type N and III spacetimes) cannot be distinguished from Minkowski spacetime using any number of polynomial curvature invariants (of any order).
# Nessie Snedden

Andrew Nesbit Colin "Nessie" Snedden (3 April 1892 – 27 September 1968) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Auckland between 1909 and 1928, and captained New Zealand in the days before New Zealand played Test cricket.

## Cricket career

At the time of his first-class debut at the age of 17 in December 1909, Snedden was the youngest player to represent Auckland. His highest first-class score was 139, which he made when captaining Auckland against Hawke's Bay in 1920–21; in the same match he also took 5 for 13 (his best bowling figures) and 2 for 21, and Auckland won by an innings and 354 runs. He scored his other first-class century against Otago in 1925–26, when Auckland needed 271 for victory and he scored 131 not out, making the winning hit with a four to take Auckland to victory by five wickets.
Snedden toured Australia with the New Zealand team in 1913-14. He was the last player to dismiss Victor Trumper in first-class cricket: leg before wicket for 81 in Australia's victory over New Zealand at Eden Park on 28 March 1914.
He captained Auckland from 1919–20 to 1923–24, and captained New Zealand in two matches against the touring MCC team in 1922-23. For most of the period between 1922 and 1937 he was a national selector.

## Personal life

Snedden was born in Auckland and educated at Sacred Heart College, Auckland. He became a law clerk, then a solicitor, taking a partnership in the Auckland firm of Wake, Anderson and Snedden in 1919. He married Alice McDonnell in Auckland in April 1917. He served overseas with the New Zealand Expeditionary Force in World War I as a lieutenant. Wake, Anderson and Snedden was dissolved in 1925 and he continued in the partnership Anderson and Snedden.
His son Colin Snedden and grandson Martin Snedden played Test cricket for New Zealand. His brother Cyril and another son, Warwick, also played first-class cricket in New Zealand, as has Martin's son Michael Snedden. Cyril was also President of the New Zealand Rugby League.
# Nessie (film)

Nessie is a 2023 British-American family comedy film based on the original story by Catherine O'Reilly and Tim Churchill directed by Robbie Moffat and written by Moffat, Catherine O'Reilly and Tim Churchill. It stars Patrick Kilpatrick, John Michie, Tanya Fear and Stephanie Beacham. It won the best script award at the Monaco Film Festival.

## Plot

When an American billionaire dies and leaves $50 million to the rural Scottish village of Loch Ness, his furious son contests the will, forcing the villagers to prove that the Loch Ness Monster is real.

## Cast

* Patrick Kilpatrick as Brad
* John Michie as Jimmy
* Tanya Fear as Heather
* Stephanie Beacham as Samantha
* Jason Harvey as Geordie
* Edith Glad as Alice
* David Goodall as Robbie
* Caroline Guthrie as Moira
* Tim Churchill as Davie
* Gary Grant as Don
* Suzanne Kendall as Annie
* Ed Ward as Duncan

## Production

The film was titled Finding Nessie and Finding Nessie: Looking for the Legend at various stages during production.
Filming took place throughout 2022 at Loch Awe, Oban Airport, Glencruitten Golf Course, Argyll, Taynuilt and Ardchattan.

## Release

Nessie had its UK premiere on 5 August 2023 at the Grovenor Cinema in Glasgow before being released in selected Scottish cinemas.

## Reception

Nessie received three nominations at the Marbella International Film Festival: Patrick Kilpatrick was nominated for Best Actor, Suzanne Kendall for Best Actress and the film as a whole for Best Feature. It won best script at the Monaco film festival.
# Custody suite

A custody suite is an area within a police station in the United Kingdom designed and adapted to process and detain those who have been arrested, or who are there for purposes such as answering bail.
Historically, all police stations had a small number of individual cells where offenders could be detained. However, in recent years most detainees are more likely to be taken to a large police station which are designated to hold prisoners.

## Facilities

There are numerous facilities contained within the custody suite, which most commonly include:
* A holding cell where officers wait with prisoners awaiting entry to the suite.
* A number of cells for detaining prisoners, often split into male, female and juvenile groups of cells.
* A prisoner processing area where custody officers (most commonly uniformed sergeants) process the prisoners presented to them by police officers
* Designated interview rooms, holding equipment used to conduct and record interviews with suspects for use as evidence.
* A medical room for use by police medical staff
* Consultation rooms where detained persons can consult with their legal representatives.
* Rooms used for video identification parades or similar.
* A room officers can complete the necessary arrest documentation after their prisoners have been legally and formally logged in as held in custody.

## Procedure

Upon arrival at the suite, the police officer who has made an arrest presents the suspect at a desk before the custody officer explaining the reason and details of the arrest and evidence gained. If the custody officer is satisfied that the person has been lawfully detained, they will authorise further detention of the person. The detainee would then be asked a series of questions regarding their personal details and informed of their rights whilst in custody under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 or Criminal Procedure (Legal Assistance, Detention and Appeals) (Scotland) Act 2010 in Scotland. Before being allocated a cell and a record being made of the time detained, the detainee is usually searched with any item they are carrying removed and in some cases if forensic evidence has to be preserved. All items of clothing and personal items taken from the detainee are logged and held in a secure place until the detainee's departure.
The arresting officer will then complete the necessary documentation for the arrest and may conduct brief further enquiries (including a tape recorded interview with the suspect) before the suspect is brought before the custody officer again for disposal. This disposal could take numerous forms, the most common being that the person is charged with an offence, given police bail in order for further investigation to be carried out, or released without any charge.
Independent custody visitors may make unannounced visits to custody suites to ensure that people being detained are treated properly.
# CustomMade

CustomMade is an online custom jeweler. Until 2015, The business was operated as an online marketplace, where people were able to buy custom-designed furniture, jewelry, home décor, and other personalized items by independent artisans. Company raised a total of $7.65 million in venture funding.
On May 21, 2015, the business was acquired by Wayfair (NYSE: W) for an undisclosed sum after raising $25.65MM in venture funding.
In May 2017, it was announced that founder Seth Rosen had re-purchased the business out of foreclosure, in partnership with Western Technology Investment (WTI), to focus on building the custom jewelry business.

## Company History
### Beginnings

Co-founders Michael Salguero and Seth Rosen met as undergraduates at Boston University. Both had an interest in custom-made shirts, belts, and pants. After working in real estate, they changed careers. In January 2009, Salguero and Rosen bought the custommade.com URL for $140,000 from a woodworker who had owned and run the site since 1996. At the time of the purchase, the site hosted around 350 makers paying a small subscription fee to be on the site. The site was generating about $35,000 a year in subscription sales.
Early versions of CustomMade.com drew visitors, but only a small number of those visitors ordered items. CustomMade redesigned the site with help from Google Ventures and within a week, increased the number of paying projects by 200 percent. From 2009 to 2010, the number of visitors to the site tripled to a total of 1.5 million. In 2010 CustomMade earned $350,000 in revenue.
In November 2011, CustomMade raised $2.1 million in Series A funding from First Round Capital, Google Ventures, and others. With the additional investment, CustomMade planned to expand its Lechmere Square headquarters by 5,000 square feet and its number of employees from 27 to over 50. At the time of the announcement, CustomMade had produced over $2 million in project requests.
In April 2012, CustomMade closed a $4 million funding round led by Google Ventures, with additional investments from Schooner Capital, LaunchCapital, NextView Ventures, Andrew McCollum, and First Round Capital.

### Business Model

In May 2017, CustomMade made the decision to focus exclusively on its custom jewelry design and manufacturing business.