OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Castile Formation

The Castile Formation is a geologic formation in west Texas and southeastern New Mexico, United States. It was deposited in the Ochoan Stage of the Permian period.

## Description

The formation consists of up to 300 feet (91 m) of gypsum or anhydrite with a few thin beds of limestone. The formation is found within the Delaware Basin and was deposited after the formation of the Capitan Formation, the fossil reef defining the margins of the Delaware Basin. The formation lies on the Bell Canyon Formation and in turn is overlain by the Salado Formation, which is characterized in the subsurface by a thick sequence of halite beds. In locations towards the margins of the Delaware Basin, the Salado Formation is composed mostly of anhydrite and gypsum resembling the Castile, and here the contact is placed at a brecciated bed thought to represent an unconformity between the two formations.
The Castile Formation, and the overlying Salado Formation, form an evaporite sequence that formed in a very deep basin (over 500 metres (1,600 ft)) from increasingly saline waters. The presence of fine laminations in the formation, which can be traced over great distances, indicate deposition well below wave base.

## History of investigation

The unit was first named by George Burr Richardson in 1904 for exposures in west Texas. The formation was subsequently trace north into the Pecos River valley and is extensive in the subsurface. In 1935, Walter B. Lang removed the upper beds of the unit, which include extensive halite beds in the subsurface, into the Salado Formation.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 Wilmarth 1938.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Madsen & Raup 1988.
* 1 2 3 Richardson 1904.
* ↑ King 1930.
* ↑ Lang 1937.
* ↑ Lang 1935.
# Edith Porada

Edith Porada (22 August 1912, Vienna – 24 March 1994, Honolulu) was an Austrian-born art historian and archaeologist, a leading authority on ancient cylinder seals and a professor of art history and archaeology at Columbia University.

## About

Porada was born in Vienna to a wealthy family. She graduated from the Realreform Gymnasium Luithlen in 1930 and received her Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1935 with a dissertation about glyptic art of the Old Akkadian period. Later she moved to Paris to study at the Louvre. In 1938 she emigrated to the United States where she worked at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on the seals of Ashurnasirpal II.
She taught at Queens College and, beginning in 1958, at Columbia, attaining the rank of full professor in 1964. In 1969, she was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She was named Arthur Lehman Professor in 1974 and, upon retiring in 1984, held that title emeritus. In 1976 she was awarded the Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement from the Archaeological Institute of America. She was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1978.
Columbia University established an Edith Porada professorship of ancient Near Eastern art history and archaeology with a $1 million endowment in 1983. In 1989 Porada was awarded Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters for Columbia for "profound connections between the human experience and the interpretation of the cylinder seals."

## Publications

* Mesopotamian Art in Cylinder Seals (1947)
* Seal Impressions of Nuzi (1947)
* Corpus of Ancient Near Eastern Seals in North American Collections (1948)
* The Art of Ancient Iran (1965)
* Ancient Art in Seals (1980)
* Man and Images in the Ancient Near East (1995)
# Chaetocnema pinguis

Chaetocnema pinguis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# History of NHS Scotland

NHS Scotland is the publicly funded healthcare systems in Scotland. It was founded by the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947 (since repealed by the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978) and was launched on 5 July 1948, under the control of the Secretary of State for Scotland. As a result of the Scotland Act 1998, control over NHS Scotland transferred to the Scottish Government and Parliament in 1999.

## Background

Prior to the creation of Scotland's NHS in 1948, the state was involved with the provision of healthcare, though it was not universal. Half of Scotland's landmass was already covered by the Highlands and Islands Medical Service, a state-funded health system run directly from Edinburgh, which had been set up 35 years earlier. In addition, there had been a substantial state-funded hospital building programme during the war years. Scotland also had its own distinctive medical tradition, centred on its medical schools rather than private practice, and a detailed plan for the future of health provision based on the Cathcart report.
Facilities were built during the Second World War that took hospital capacity to 30,000 beds.
By June 1947, there were 112 centres that were part of the St Andrews and Red Cross service.
The 1947 Act provided a uniform national structure for services which had previously been provided by a combination of the Highlands and Islands Medical Service, local government, charities and private organisations which in general was only free for emergency use. The new system was funded from central taxation and did not generally involve a charge at the time of use for services concerned with existing medical conditions or vaccinations carried out as a matter of general public health requirements.
The Scottish NHS was formed on 5 July 1948.

## Prescription charges

The NHS (Amendment) Act 1949 was passed by a Labour government and allowed a prescription charge to be collected, although these fees were first introduced by a Conservative government in 1952. However, prescription charges in Scotland were abolished by the Scottish Government on 1 April 2011, leaving England as the only country in the UK in which such charges still exist.

## Programmes

In 1962 a £70 million programme of hospital modernisation was announced.
# Psara molestalis

Psara molestalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1956 and is found in Venezuela.
# Michitaka Nishiyama

Michitaka Nishiyama (西山 道隆, born January 9, 1980, in Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan) is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher who played for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) from 2006 to 2008.

## Career

Prior to playing professionally, he attended Matsuyama Shogyo High School and then Josai University. In 2004, he played for the Winnipeg Goldeyes of the American independent Northern League in 2004, posting a 27.00 ERA in 1/3 of an inning of work. He played for the Ehime Mandarin Pirates of the Shikoku Island League in 2005 and joined the Hawks for 2006. That year, he had a 10.80 ERA in 3 1/3 innings. The next season, he was 0–2 with a 4.20 ERA in three starts and in 2008, he posted a 21.00 mark in two relief appearances. Overall, he was 0–2 with a 7.59 ERA in 7 games (4 starts) in NPB. In 21 1/3 innings, he had 12 strikeouts, 15 walks and 29 hits allowed.
# Manitoba Government and General Employees' Union

The Manitoba Government and General Employees’ Union (MGEU) is a trade union in Manitoba, Canada. It has over 32,000 members, and is one of the largest unions in Manitoba. The MGEU represents workers from different fields, including the civil service, Crown corporations, and universities and colleges.
The MGEU traces its historical roots to the Manitoba Civil Servants’ Association, which was formed around the time of the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike. The MCSA had drifted apart by the 1930s, and civil servants formed several recreational associations in its place. These groups were united in 1935 as The Provincial Club, which represented its members on employment-related issues. In 1950, it changed its name to the Manitoba Government Employees' Association.
The union was radically restructured in 1974, and affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress. It changed its name to the Manitoba Government Employees' Union in 1992, and chose its current name in 2000.
Gary Doer, former Premier of Manitoba, was president of the MGEU from 1979 to 1986. He was succeeded by Peter Olfert, who held the position until 2010.

## Bargaining Units

Manitoba Civil Service, Manitoba Liquor Control Commission, Manitoba Public Insurance, University College of the North, Red River College, Assiniboine Community College, Various Health Care Facilities, Addictions Foundation of Manitoba, Peak of the Market, Centennial Centre, Manitoba Housing Authority, Brandon University, Main Street Project, Hecla Golf Course, Manitoba Horse Racing Commission, Winnipeg Art Gallery, University of Winnipeg Students Association, Various Shelters and Crisis Centres, Canadian Blood Services, Manitoba Gaming Control Commission, Deaf Centre Manitoba, Various Child Care Facilities, Manitoba Lotteries Corporation Food and Beverage Division , Pam Am Clinic, Various Clinics, Medical Facilities, and Care Homes, and Social Workers.
# Catholic propaganda

Catholic propaganda may refer to:
* The activity of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
* The activity of the Congregation (Roman Curia) during the Counter-Reformation
# Change Ur World

"Change Ur World" is the thirteenth single by Japanese boy band KAT-TUN. It was released on November 17, 2010 by their record label J-One Records. The title track was used as the 2nd theme song for the Nippon Television TV Show, Going! Sports & News, which is co-hosted by member Kazuya Kamenashi.

## Chart performance

In its first week of its release, the single topped the Oricon singles chart, reportedly selling 230,829 copies. KAT-TUN gained their thirteenth consecutive number one single on the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart since their debut with all their singles sold more than 200,000 copies and continued to hold the second most consecutive number one singles since debut with fellow Johnny's group, NEWS.
By the end of the year, "Change Ur World" was reported by Oricon to sell 264,303 copies and was later certified Platinum by RIAJ denoting over 250,000 shipments.

## Sales and certifications

| Country | Provider | Sales | Certification |
| Japan | RIAJ | 264,303 | Platinum |

## Plagiarism allegations

On November 30, 2010, independent artist AVTechNO! posted an entry on his blog expressing shock at the similarities between the first minute of KAT-TUN's track "Never×Over~「-」Is Your Part~" and his own work, "DYE", first released on February 1, 2010. Videos comparing the two works have been posted on video sharing sites such as YouTube and Nico Nico Douga, and have since gathered over a million views combined.
Never×Over~「-」Is Your Part~ is credited to a panel of composers who created member solo songs that had been released in the past. The song consists of old member solo songs put together in a new arrangement.
Lyrics: Koki Tanaka, Minori
Music: Hans Johnson, t-oga, NAO, ATSUSHI, Tatsuya Ueda, King of Slick, Magnus Funemyr
Arrangement: Hans Johnson
The breakdown of applicable sections
* T-oga (Kazuya Kamenashi solo "SWEET" composer)
* NAO (Taguchi Junnosuke solo "LOVE MUSIC" composer)
* ATSUSHI (Koki Tanaka solo "PIERROT" composer)
* Tatsuya Ueda (Tatsuya Ueda solo "RABBIT OR WOLF?" composer)
* King of Slick (Yuichi Nakamaru solo "FILM" composer)
* Magnus Funemyr (Yuichi Nakamaru solo "FILM" composer)
# Edmundas Malūkas

Edmundas Zenonas Malūkas (born 15 April 1945) is a Lithuanian writer, published author and politician. He is also the former mayor of Trakai, a historic city and lake resort in Lithuania.

## Published work

Edmundas Malūkas is one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful Lithuanian writers of his generation. His first four novels were bestsellers, and more than 492,000 copies of his books are in print. He also writes screenplays for motion pictures and television shows.
# Chaetocnema opulenta

Chaetocnema opulenta is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# Hipólito Lázaro

Hipòlit Lázaro (September 13, 1887 – May 14, 1974), better known as Hipólito Lázaro, was a Catalan-Spanish opera singer. He was active as an operatic tenor for four decades from 1910 through 1950.

## Biography

Lázaro was born in Barcelona, Spain on September 13, 1887.
He made his professional debut in 1910 at Teatre Novedades in Barcelona in La favorite. His Italian debut occurred in late 1910 in Rigoletto at the Teatro Tosi-Borghi in Ferrara. During the summer of 1911, he appeared under the pseudonym Antonio Manuele in a series of concerts held in England.
Lázaro built his career primarily on verismo roles, Verdi operas. He performed in Rigoletto, Aida, and Il trovatore, Bizet's Carmen, some bel canto roles such as La favorite, I puritani, and Les Huguenots and Spanish zarzuela (Arrieta's Marina, in particular). He created the tenor roles in Mascagni's Parisina (1913, La Scala) and Il piccolo Marat (1921, Costanzi), and Romani's Fedra (1915, Costanzi). While in Philadelphia in 1924, he received a letter from Umberto Giordano, asking him to create the tenor role in his next opera, La cena delle beffe. The opera's premiere was held in December 1924 at La Scala under the baton of Toscanini.
The second part of Lázaro's career, stretching from the mid-1920s to his final appearances in 1950, consisted of concerts and performances in Spain, Paris, and Italy. He also made various trips to South America, where he was very popular, especially in Cuba.
His repertoire became narrower and narrower from the 1930s onwards, and his voice showed clear signs of decline. Nonetheless, he conserved some of his glory and acclaim through his zarzuela performances. During the 1930s he starred in the zarzuelas, Curro Vargas, Doña Francisquita, La Tempestad, and the Spanish operas, Bretón's La Dolores (1895), Vives' Euda d'Uriach (1934) and Gaig's El estudiante de Salamanca (1935). He officially retired from the stage in 1940, but continued to give occasional performances thereafter.
Lázaro's last performance was in Havana, Cuba in 1950 with the Marina, Aida and Rigoletto. After his retirement, he wrote two books: his autobiography, El libro de mi vida (1968, The book of my life), and Mi método de canto (1947, My singing method), a didactical work for student tenors.
He died 24 years after his last performances on May 14, 1974, in his native Barcelona. He was 87.

## Legacy

Lázaro had a "wide-ranging, timbred, considerably vibrant, extended, bold, resilient even if slightly guttural voice," according to Paolo Padovan, with a brilliant metallic shine and a passionate approach to singing. When he sang at the Metropolitan Opera House he was overshadowed by Enrico Caruso, to whom he was compared. He also maintained a strong rivalry with Aragonese tenor Miguel Fleta.
# Marcos Tinoco

Marcos Tinoco is a Brazilian FIFA Technical Officer and former coach.

## Coaching career

Through one of Tinoco's college contacts, he received an invitation to become the Cayman Islands national football team's head coach in 2003. Accepting the offer, the Brazilian faced obstruction in selecting players due to the small population and the lack of enthusiasm for football. To qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, his team had to play a two-match leg against Cuba in 2004, losing both times. Next, Tinoco continued his managing career and assumed the role of head coach of the TT Pro League's United Petrotrin F.C. in 2009;his aim was to take charge of the senior squad, to expedite a developmental program, and to gain entry into the 2009 CFU Club Championship. Tinoco's decided to sign players Aurtis Whitley, Arnold Dwarika, Stokely Mason, Nigel Pierre, Cyd Gray, Ian Gray, and Gary Glasgow for the 2009 TT Pro League. The team also went on a two-week preseason camp in Colombia, where they played four friendlies – winning one, tying one, and losing the other two under Tinoco. In the course of his stay there, the coach was involved in a fight with Earl Jean, then coach of San Juan Jabloteh; he later apologized for his imprudent behavior.

### Tanzania

At the 2010 Under-17 Copa Coca-Cola, Tinoco was the coach of the Tanzania U17. One of the coaches eyeing the Tanzania national team job in 2010, has criticized the Tanzania Football Federation for its management and commitment on youth football.

### FIFA

Technical director of the Cayman Islands Football Association from 2010 to 2014, Tinoco became a FIFA Technical Development Officer for the CONCACAF region in 2014. With FIFA Development Officer Angenie Kanhai, he visited the Clyde Best Centre of Excellence in Bermuda to discuss football development with the Bermuda Football Association
# Newmar

Newmar is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Julie Newmar (born 1933), American actress
* Newmar José Sackis (born 1961), Brazilian footballer
# Commemorative coins of the Netherlands

The list of the coins included are for those issued by the Royal Dutch Mint from 1970 to 2001
10 Gulden
* 1970 .720 silver 38 mm. 25th year of the end of the Second World War and liberation, 1945–1970
* 1973 .720 silver 38 mm. 25th year of reign, Queen Juliana, 1948–1973
* 1994 .925 silver 33 mm. 50th anniversary of the BE NE LUX trade accord, 1944–1994
* 1995 .925 silver 33 mm. 350th anniversary, death of Hugo the Great, 1583–1645
* 1996 .925 silver 33 mm. Jan Steen
* 1997 .925 silver 33 mm. 50th anniversary of the Marshall plan and reconstruction
50 Gulden
* 1982 .925 silver 38 mm. 200th anniversary, Dutch - American friendship
* 1984 .925 silver 38 mm. William of Orange
* 1987 .925 silver 38 mm. 50th wedding anniversary, Princess (Queen) Juliana & Prince Bernhard
* 1989 .925 silver 38 mm. 300th anniversary, crowning of William of Orange and Mary of England
* 1990 .925 silver 38 mm. 100 years of Queens Regnant in the Netherlands
* 1991 .925 silver 38 mm. 25th Wedding Anniversary of Queen Beatrix & Prince Claus
* 1994 .925 silver 38 mm. Ratification of Maastricht Treaty
* 1995 .925 silver 38 mm. 50th Anniv. Liberation W.W.II
* 1998 .925 silver 38 mm. 350th Anniv. Peace of Munster 1648-1998
# Rupani

Rupani is an Indian name and it may refer to
* Nanik Rupani, Indian entrepreneur
* Vijay Rupani, Indian politician, former chief minister of Gujarat
* Rupani Rural Municipality in Nepal
# Catholic points-based admission school

Catholic points-based admission schools are certain over-subscribed Roman Catholic comprehensive schools in London and the English home counties which have adopted admissions criteria based on adherence to the Catholic faith. In order to attend these schools candidates must come from practising Catholic families, or those which are active in the Catholic Church.
The schools all have certain similarities: they recruit from across London despite being located in expensive areas; are single-sex (at least up until the 6th form); offer a traditional curriculum; have a strong focus on Catholic formation; achieve GCSE and A Level results 30–35 per cent above the national average; are strong on pupil discipline; have supportive parents; and have high Oxbridge and Russell Group entry rates. These characteristics are not dissimilar to other voluntary aided schools in London such as the Camden School for Girls, which is a non-faith school.
In September 1999 the New Labour government, on grounds of egalitarianism and increasing access, removed the right for state schools to interview pupils to assess practice of their faith. However, the London Oratory School continued to interview to assess Catholicity up until 2006, having won a court case to the effect that, while schools had to have regard to the code of admissions, it was not binding.
| School | Neighbourhood | 2011 5 GCSE A*-C |
| The London Oratory School | Fulham | 90% |
| Cardinal Vaughan Memorial School | Kensington and Chelsea | 92% |
| Coloma Convent Girls' School | Croydon | 94% |
| The John Fisher School | Purley | 88% |
# Manuel Llano (tennis)

Manuel Llano Ríos (died 18 November 1931) was a Mexican tennis player.
A two-time medalist at the Central American and Caribbean Games, Llano was an occasional Davis Cup player for Mexico. During his Davis Cup career he featured in a total of five rubbers across four ties between 1924 and 1931. He competed in the main draw of the U.S. National Championships while touring in the 1920s.
Llano died on 18 November 1931, of injuries sustained days earlier when he shot himself in the chest with a rifle. At the time of his suicide he was the second highest ranked Mexican player on tour. It was reported that he had been suffering from an illness that he feared would prevent him from being able to play tennis.
# Geng (surname)

Geng is the Mandarin pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname written 耿 in Chinese character. It is romanized as Keng in Wade–Giles. Geng is listed 350th in the Song dynasty classic text Hundred Family Surnames. As of 2008, it is the 139th most common surname in China, shared by 990,000 people.

## Notable people

* Geng Chun (耿纯; died 37 AD), Eastern Han dynasty general, one of the Yuntai 28 generals
* Geng Yan (3–58), another of the Yuntai 28 generals
* Geng Guo (耿國; died 58), Eastern Han general, brother of Geng Yan
* Geng Bing (耿秉; died 91), Eastern Han general, son of Geng Guo
* Geng Shu (耿舒; 1st century), Eastern Han general
* Geng Gong (耿恭), Eastern Han general, nephew of Geng Yan
* Jian Yong (3rd century), original surname Geng, advisor of Liu Bei
* Geng Quanbin (耿全斌; 10th century), Northern Song dynasty general
* Geng Shuyi (耿淑仪; 983–1064), consort of Emperor Shengzong of Liao
* Geng Jing (耿京; died 1162), Jin dynasty rebel leader
* Geng Zaicheng (耿再成; died 1362), rebel leader under Zhu Yuanzhang, Duke of Si
* Geng Bingwen (1334–1403), Ming dynasty general, Marquis of Changxing
* Geng Xuan (耿璿), son of Geng Bingwen, executed by the Yongle Emperor
* Geng Jiuchou (耿九畴; died 1460), Ming dynasty Minister of Justice
* Geng Yu (耿裕; 1430–1496), Ming dynasty Minister of Rites, son of Geng Jiuchou
* Geng Dingxiang (耿定向; 1524–1597), Ming dynasty Minister of Revenue
* Geng Dingli (耿定力; 1541–?), Vice Minister of War, brother of Geng Dingxiang
* Geng Zhongming (1604–1649), King/Prince of Jingnan of the Qing dynasty
* Geng Jimao (died 1671), King/Prince of Jingnan, son of Geng Zhongming
* Geng Jingzhong (died 1682), King/Prince of Jingnan, son of Geng Jimao, executed after rebelling against the Qing
* Geng Juzhong (Chinese: 耿聚忠; 1650 – 1687) was the third son of Geng Jimao, brother of Revolt of the Three Feudatories participant Geng Jingzhong and court member of the Qing dynasty. He was a Third Class Viscount (三等子)
* Geng Bozhao (耿伯钊; 1883–1957), Republic of China revolutionary and politician
* Keng Yi-Li (1897–1975), Chinese botanist
* Geng Jizhi (耿济之; 1899–1947), Republic of China diplomat and translator
* Geng Biao (1909–2000), PRC Defense Minister and Vice Premier
* Geng Quanli (耿全礼; born 1937), People's Liberation Army major general
* Geng Lianfeng (耿莲凤; born 1944), singer
* Geng Huichang (born 1951), Minister of State Security
* Geng Yanbo (born 1958), former mayor of Datong and Taiyuan
* Geng Lijuan (born 1963), Chinese-Canadian female table tennis player, four-time world champion
* Geng Le (耿乐; born 1974), actor
* Keng Po-hsuan (born 1984), Taiwanese baseball player
* Geng Xiaoling (耿曉靈; born 1984), Hong Kong female wushu athlete
* Geng Xiaofeng (born 1987), football player
* Geng Wenqiang (born 1995), skeleton racer
* Geng Shuai (born 1987 Chinese: 耿帥), dubbed the China's Useless Edison, Chinese village craftsman whose fame has grown online because of his odd and often unnecessary inventions