OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# LEGOLAND Discovery Centre Toronto

LEGOLAND Discovery Centre Toronto is an indoor family entertainment center located in Vaughan Mills mall in Vaughan, Ontario just north of Toronto. The attraction includes 10 LEGO build & play zones, 2 LEGO-themed rides, a soft play area, a 4D cinema, the World's Largest LEGO Brick Flag, and a gift shop. The Centre features more than 3 million LEGO bricks, 500,000 of which are located in the MINILAND. The attraction is owned and operated by British leisure group Merlin Entertainments.

## History

LEGO bricks were invented by Danish carpenter Ole Kirk Christiansen in 1958. The first Legoland Discovery Centre was opened in Berlin in 2007, and since then a total of 13 Legoland Discovery Centres have been opened. LEGOLAND Discovery Centre Toronto was opened in March 2013 and is the only location in Canada.
For the grand opening, the attraction took over Yonge–Dundas Square and invited the public to help build a LEGO mosaic in a subway stop. In 2018, the Centre secured the Guinness World Record for Largest LEGO Brick Flag with a 21-by-11 ft. Canadian flag made from 248,072 LEGO bricks.
The Toronto location had previously been occupied by a NASCAR Speedpark. It opened with the mall in 2004 and closed in December 2011.

## Rides & Attractions

* Lego Factory Tour where visitors can learn how LEGO bricks are made
* World's former Largest LEGO Brick Flag, which is a 21-by-11 ft. Canadian Flag made of nearly 250,000 LEGO Bricks
* Ninjago City Adventure, where children can put their ninja skills in the Dojo Temple and more
* Camp including ninja missions and a laser maze
* Lego 4D Cinema showing four alternating 4D films featuring popular LEGO characters every 30 minutes
* Kingdom Quest Laser Ride where visitors must zap the ogres, rats and cats and keep an eye out for treasure chests in a competition to win
* Merlin's Apprentice Ride where visitors can pedal to lift off the ground and look over the rest of LEGOLAND Discovery Center Toronto
* Space Mission, an intergalactic building experience where guests explore alien worlds built entirely out of LEGO bricks
* A LEGO replica of the GTA in MINILAND, including the CN Tower, City Hall, Nathan Phillips Square, Pearson International Airport, and Niagara Falls
* Build and Test station, where visitors can build and test LEGO Racers
* Duplo Village featuring a play house, a large Giraffe model, and 2 Duplo brick pits and 1 Soft Brick pit
* Earthquake Tables for guests to test the strength of self-built LEGO Towers
* Lego Friends Heartlake City with a Karaoke station and 3 build play stations
* Two LEGO-themed Birthday Party rooms
* Photo Station for visitors to purchase greenscreen and ride photos
* LEGO-themed Café
* LEGOLAND Discovery Centre Retail Shop featuring LEGO products and souvenirs
# C2H3NO4

The molecular formula C$_2$H$_3$NO$_4$ (molar mass: 105.05 g/mol, exact mass: 105.0062 u) may refer to:
* Acetyl nitrate
* Nitroacetic acid
# Mastax poecila

Mastax poecila is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae found in Cambodia, China and Singapore.
# Paradela

Paradela may refer to

## Places in Portugal

* Paradela (Barcelos), a civil parish in the municipality of Barcelos
* Paradela (Chaves), a civil parish in the municipality of Chaves
* Paradela (Miranda do Douro), a civil parish in the municipality of Miranda do Douro
* Paradela (Mogadouro), a civil parish in the municipality of Mogadouro
* Paradela (Montalegre), a civil parish in the municipality of Montalegre
* Paradela (Penacova), a civil parish in the municipality of Penacova
* Paradela (Sever do Vouga), a civil parish in the municipality of Sever do Vouga
* Paradela (Tabuaço), a civil parish in the municipality of Tabuaço

## Other

* Paradela (surname)
* Paradela, Lugo, a municipality in Galicia, Spain
# Ofotens Tidende

Ofotens Tidende is an online newspaper published in Narvik, Norway. From 1899 to 2000, Ofotens Tidende was a Conservative newspaper owned by Harstad Tidende. In the last year of publication, it had a circulation of 3,606, compared to the competitor Fremover's 10,114. It reappeared as a pure online newspaper in 2007.
# James Needham

James Needham may refer to:
* James Needham (explorer) (died 1673), explorer in America
* James Needham (mycologist) (1849–1913), English working-class mycologist
* James C. Needham (1864–1942), U.S. Representative from California
* James George Needham (1868–1957), American entomologist
# Carlos Cañas

Carlos Cañas (September 3, 1924 – April 14, 2013) was a Salvadoran painter who studied art and theory at the School of Arts of El Salvador. In 1950, he received a scholarship to study art, history, aesthetics, and literature in Madrid at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
Cañas participated at the First Latin American Biennial, Spain (1951); in the Fourth Biennial of the Engraving, Japan (1964); in the Sutton Gallery, USA (1979), amongst other important exhibitions at the worldwide level.
In 2012, he received the national prize of culture Premio Nacional de Cultura of El Salvador.
# Menace response

The menace response is one of three forms of blink reflex. It includes the reflexive blinking that occurs specifically in response to the rapid approach of an object. The menace response comprises blinking of the eyelids, in order to protect the eyes from potential damage, but may also include turning of the head, neck, or even the trunk away from the optical stimulus that triggers the response.
Stimulating the menace response is used as a diagnostic procedure in veterinary medicine, in order to determine whether an animal's visual system, in particular the cortical nerve, has suffered from nerve damage. Cortical damage, particularly cerebral lesions, can cause loss of the menace response while leaving the other blink reflexes, such as the dazzle reflex, unaffected. The presence or absence of the menace response, in combination with other reflexes, indicates a locus of damage. For example, an animal with polioencephalomalacia will lack the menace reflex, but will still have the pupillary light reflex. Polioencephalomacia damages the visual cortex, impairing the menace response, but leaves the optic nerve, oculomotor nucleus, and oculomotor nerve intact, leaving the pupillary light reflex unaffected. Contrastingly, an animal with ocular hypovitaminosis-A will suffer from degeneration of the optic nerve, and such an animal presents with a lack of both reflexes.
Care must be taken when testing the menace response. Waving an object close to an animal's eyes or face does not necessarily demonstrate a functioning menace response, in part because the animal can sense such objects and react to them via senses other than sight. Clinical testing of the menace response usually involves precautions such as waving an object from behind a sheet of glass, so as to shield the animal from any drafts caused by the motion of the object through the air, which it might otherwise sense. Such reactions to non-visual stimuli are a widespread cause of false positives and false negatives when pet owners test their own animals for the presence of the menace response.
The neural pathway of the menace response comprises the optic (II) and facial (VII) nerves. It is mediated by tectobulbar fibres in the rostral colliculi of the midbrain passing from the optic tract to accessory nuclei, and thence to the spinal cord and lower motor neurones that innervate the head, neck, and body muscles affected by the response. The facial nerve is mediated through a corticotectopontocerebellar pathway.
# Reference ranges for urine tests

Reference ranges for urine tests are described below:
| Measurement | Lower limit | Upper limit | Unit |
| Urinary specific gravity | 1.003 | 1.030 | g/mL |
| Urobilinogen | 0.2 | 1.0 | Ehrlich units or mg/dL |
| Free catecholamines, dopamine | 90 | 420 | μg/d |
| Red blood cells (RBCs) | 0 | 2 - 3 | per High Power Field (HPF) |
| RBC casts | n/a | 0 / negative | per High Power Field (HPF) |
| White blood cells (WBCs) | 0 | 2 | per High Power Field (HPF) |
| pH | 5 | 7 | (unitless) |
| Protein | 0 | trace amounts | |
| Glucose | n/a | 0 / negative | |
| Ketones | n/a | 0 / negative | |
| Bilirubin | n/a | 0 / negative | |
| Blood | n/a | 0 / negative | |
| Nitrite | n/a | 0 / negative | |
| Leukocytes | n/a | 0 / negative | |
# Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act

In Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act 2021 SCC 11, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled on 25 March 2021 that the federal carbon pricing law is constitutional.

## Background

In response to Canada's 2016 ratification of the Paris Agreement which set greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, the Canadian federal government under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau passed the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act (GHGPPA), which came into effect on 21 June 2018, establishing national standards for a carbon price.

### Procedural history

The province of Saskatchewan, under Premier Scott Moe, referred a reference question to the Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan regarding the law's constitutionality. On 3 May 2019 the Court of Appeal ruled in favour of the federal government, concluding that, GHGPPA is "not unconstitutional either in whole or in part" and was a legitimate exercise of federal jurisdiction under the peace, order, and good government" (POGG) branch of the constitution (Justices Ottenbreit and Caldwell dissenting). Saskatchewan appealed this decision to the Supreme Court of Canada on 31 May 2019.
The province of Ontario, under the premiership of Doug Ford, also referred a reference question to the Court of Appeal for Ontario, seeking a finding that the GGHPPA was unconstitutional. On 28 June 28 2019, the ONCA issued its advisory opinion, finding the law constitutionally valid (Justice Huscroft dissenting). Ontario was granted leave to appeal this decision to the Supreme Court of Canada.
The province of Alberta, led by then-Premier Jason Kenney, referred its own reference question to the Court of Appeal of Alberta on June 20, 2019. On February 24, 2020, that court issued an opinion which found the GHGPPA unconstitutional (Justice Feehan dissenting). The Attorney General of British Columbia appealed this decision to the SCC.

## Breakdown of the decision

The majority found the Act to be constitutional including Chief Justice Richard Wagner and Justices Rosalie Silberman Abella, Michael J. Moldaver, Andromache Karakatsanis, Sheilah L. Martin, and Nicholas Kasirer.
Justices Russell Brown and Malcolm Rowe dissented and Justice Suzanne Côté dissented in part.
The Supreme Court said that "all of the parties agree that global climate change is real. It's caused by greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activities and it poses a grave threat to the future of humanity."
# Meprednisone

Meprednisone is a glucocorticoid. It is a methylated derivative of prednisone.
# James Tod of Deanston

James Tod of Deanston and Hope Park WS FRSE (c.1795–1858) was a 19th-century Scottish lawyer, antiquary and landowner.

## Life

He was born around 1795 the eldest son of James Tod of Hope Park, on the south-east side of the Meadows, Edinburgh.
His mother was living as a widow at Hope Park in south Edinburgh in 1813/14.
He was apprenticed to David Wemyss WS from around 1811. The office was at 55 George Street in Edinburgh's First New Town.
He qualified as a Writer to the Signet in 1820. He then set up his own offices at 21 Dublin Street.
Around 1830 he acquired the large estate of Deanston west of Stirling.
In 1848 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers was James David Forbes.
By 1855 he was living in a huge Georgian townhouse at 55 Great King Street in Edinburgh's Second New Town.
He died on 26 March 1858.

## Recognition

The name of Hope Park survives in the street-names Hope Park Terrace and Hope Park Crescent.

## Artistic Recognition

His photograph (an early calotype of 1844 by Hill & Adamson) is held by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.

## Family

In 1830 he married Susan Mercer, daughter of James Mercer of Scotsbank. Her brother Robert Mercer married Elizabeth Scott-Moncrieff (1802-1871), daughter of Very Rev Henry Moncrieff of Tullibole Castle near Fossoway.
# Carlton, New South Wales

Carlton is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Carlton is located 15 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district and is part of the St George area. Carlton lies across the boundary of two local government areas, the Georges River Council and the Bayside Council.

## History

The area was originally heavily timbered. Carlton was part of a grant of 1,950 acres (7.9 km$^2$) made to Captain John Townson in 1808. The grant extended from King Georges Road and Stoney Creek Road to beyond Kogarah railway station. When the railway line to Hurstville was opened in 1884, large estates were subdivided and residents began moving in. However, there was no platform at Carlton until 1889. Landholders were given a block of land free if they contributed 400 pounds to finance the construction of the platform and station buildings. They were also guaranteed a first class ticket to Sydney for one year.

## Commercial area and transport

Carlton's main shopping centre is located on both sides of Carlton railway station, on Railway Parade and Carlton Parade. Commercial developments are also found along the Princes Highway. Carlton railway station is on the Illawarra railway line of the Sydney Trains network. Limited bus services also run throughout Carlton, such as those provided by U-Go Mobility.

## Parks and recreation

Parks located in Carlton are: Kogarah Park, Tinsdale Reserve, Anglo Square Park and Augusta Park.
Carlton is home to the St George Illawarra Dragons National Rugby League team. The St George home ground is located on Jubilee Avenue, and is known as Netstrata Jubilee Stadium (formerly known as Jubilee Oval). The Walk of Fame featuring St George legends is located in Park Street. The St George Leagues Club is located nearby on Princes Highway.
The Shopfront Contemporary Arts Centre in Carlton Parade is a co-operative owned completely by young people aged 8 to 25 with an international reputation that has made Australian and overseas tours. It was founded by Errol Bray in 1976.

## Population
### Demographics

According to the 2021 Census there were 10,631 residents in Carlton, with a median age of 38. 45.3% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were China (excludes SARs and Taiwan) 11.3%, Nepal 5.5%, North Macedonia 3.0%, Philippines 2.9% and Greece 2.4%. 36% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 10.6%, Cantonese 7.8%, Greek 6.0%, Nepali 5.7% and Arabic 5.1%. The most common responses for religion were No Religion, so described 27.7%. Catholic 18.0% and Eastern Orthodox 13.6%, Islam 7.7% and Hinduism 6.6%.

## Schools and churches

Carlton has two schools: Carlton Public School and Carlton South Public School.
Churches in Carlton are:
* St Bernadette's Catholic Church, Carlton Uniting Church, Carlton Kogarah Baptist Church, Carlton Methodist Church, Park Road Anglican Church
* Park Road Anglican Church is on the corner of Park Road and Colvin Avenue.
# Reichenbach

Reichenbach may refer to:

## Places
### Austria

* Reichenbach (Litschau), a part of Litschau
* Reichenbach (Rappottenstein), a part of Rappottenstein

### Germany

* Reichenbach (Oberlausitz), in Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis district, Saxony
* Reichenbach im Vogtland, in Vogtlandkreis district, Saxony
* Reichenbach am Heuberg, in Tuttlingen district, Baden-Württemberg
* Reichenbach an der Fils, in Esslingen district, Baden-Württemberg
* Reichenbach, Upper Palatinate, in Cham district, Bavaria
** Reichenbach Abbey (Bavaria), Benedictine monastery in Reichenbach
* Reichenbach, Upper Franconia, in Kronach district, Bavaria
* Reichenbach, Thuringia in Saale-Holzland district, Thuringia
* Reichenbach, Birkenfeld, in Birkenfeld district, Rhineland-Palatinate
* Reichenbach (Hornberg), in the Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg
* Reichenbach-Steegen in Kaiserslautern district, Rhineland-Palatinate
* Reichenbach, a part of Hessisch Lichtenau, Hesse
* Reichenbach, a part of Lautertal (Odenwald), Hesse
* Reichenbach (Waldbronn), a part of Waldbronn, Baden-Württemberg
* Oberreichenbach, Baden-Württemberg, a town in the district of Calw, Baden-Württemberg
* Oberreichenbach, Bavaria, a town in the district of Erlangen-Höchstadt, Bavaria
* Oberreichenbach (disambiguation), various additional meanings
* Unterreichenbach, a town in the district of Calw, Baden-Württemberg

#### Rivers

* Reichenbach (Kahl), Bavaria, tributary of the Kahl
* Reichenbach (Kocher), Baden-Württemberg, tributary of the Kocher
* Reichenbach (Liederbach), Hesse, upper course of the Liederbach
* Reichenbach (Zahme Gera), Thuringia, tributary of the Zahme Gera

### Italy

* Reichenbach Castle, in Merano, South Tyrol

### Poland

* Reichenbach im Eulengebirge or Dzierżoniów in southwestern Poland

### Switzerland

* Reichenbach (Oberhasli), or Reichenbachtal, an alpine valley in Oberhasli, Canton of Berne
* Reichenbach Falls, a series of waterfalls on the River Aar near Meiringen in Bern canton
* Reichenbach im Kandertal, a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the Canton of Bern
* Reichenbach Castle, in Zollikofen in the Canton of Bern

## Other uses

* Reichenbach (crater)
* Reichenbach (surname)
* "Reichenbach" (Supernatural), an episode of Supernatural
# Regiment Langenhoven

Regiment Langenhoven was a motorised infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation. As a reserve unit, it had a status roughly equivalent to that of a present-day British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.

## History
### Origin

Regiment South Western Districts was formed in 1934 and headquartered in Oudtshoorn. The regiment was initially tasked as a machine gun battalion. (This is represented in their cap badge, which shows two machine guns crossed behind a protea.)

### World War Two

The regiment was not at full strength at the beginning of the Second World War, and subsequently the regiment was amalgamated with 11th and 12th Armoured Car Companies, forming the 5th Armoured Car Regiment. 5th Armoured Car Regiment then deployed to North Africa arriving at Port Tewfik in Egypt. The regiment did not play a further role in the fighting directly, as its personnel was allocated as reinforcement to depleted units from the fighting at Sid Rezegh. The regiment did, however, volunteer for service with the 6th South African Armoured Division in Italy.

### Re-mustering and name changes

The regiment converted to a motorised infantry battalion in October 1956 and underwent a name change to Regiment Langenhoven after Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven, a South African poet. Between 1960 and 1966 the regiment was, however, known as Regiment Outeniqua; this was short-lived, and by 1966 the regiment reverted to the name of Regiment Langenhoven.

### Disbandment

The regiment appears to have been disbanded in 1997.
# Melangyna quadrimaculata

Melangyna quadrimaculata is a European species of hoverfly.

## Description

External images For terms see Morphology of Diptera Wing length 7·25–9 mm. Males only four spots on the abdomen. Female tergites black, pale abdominal markings absent. Eyes with short hairs. The male terminalia are figured by Hippa (1968) ). Larva described and figured by Rotheray (1994). See references for determination.

## Distribution

Palearctic Southern Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark South to Belgium. Ireland East through Central Europe into European Russia and on to the Russian Far East, Siberia and the Pacific coast (Sakhalin).

## Biology

Habitat Fagus and Quercus ancient woodlands, also in extensive parks in with overmature trees. Arboreal, but descends to visit flowers of Alnus, Anemone nemorosa, Carpinus, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Corylus, Hamamelis mollis, Lonicera xylosteum, Populus tremula, Salix, Sambucus, Tussilago. The flight period is end February to end April. The larvae are predacious on adelgids on firs.
# Jan Stráský's Cabinet

Jan Stráský's Cabinet was in power from 2 July 1992 to 31 December 1992. It was the last government of Czechoslovakia. It consisted of Civic Democratic Party, Movement for a Democratic Slovakia and Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party. Leader of Civic Democratic Party Václav Klaus was originally authorised by President to form government. He instead decided to form Government of the Czech Republic.

## Government ministers

| Portfolio | Name | Political party |
| Prime Minister, Minister of Labour and Social Affairs | Jan Stráský | Civic Democratic Party |
| Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of State Control | Rudolf Filkus | Movement for a Democratic Slovakia |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Milan Čič | Movement for a Democratic Slovakia |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Miroslav Macek | Civic Democratic Party |
| Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Transportation | Antonín Baudyš | Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party |
| Minister of Interior | Petr Čermák | Civic Democratic Party |
| Minister of Finances | Jan Klak | Civic Democratic Party |
| Minister of Economic Policy and Development | Jaroslav Kubečka | Movement for a Democratic Slovakia |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Petr Moravčík | Movement for a Democratic Slovakia |
| Minister of Defence | Imrich Andrejčák | Movement for a Democratic Slovakia |
# Carmagnola (disambiguation)

Carmagnola is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Italy.
Carmagnola (disambiguation) may also refer to:
* Francesco Bussone da Carmagnola (1382–1432), Italian condottiero
* 16106 Carmagnola, a main belt asteroid
* Gladys Carmagnola (1939–2015), Paraguayan poet and teacher
* Carmagnola Grey, a rare breed of rabbit from Italy
* Carmagnola (Venice), a Late Roman porphyry sculpture now in Venice
# Carmagnola (Venice)

Carmagnola or la Carmagnola is the traditional name of a porphyry head of a late Roman emperor, widely thought to represent Justinian, now placed on the external balustrade of St Mark's Basilica in Venice.

## Description

The Diadem unambiguously identifies the head as that of a late Roman emperor, and on stylistic grounds it has been dated between the 4th and 6th centuries, with several scholars identifying it as a depiction of Justinian. The flattened nose is ostensibly the result of damage and subsequent repolishing. It is "one of the most significant" of the ornamental trophies that adorn the Basilica's facade, looking straight into the direction of Constantinople.
A headless porphyry statue kept at the Archiepiscopal Museum in Ravenna has been hypothesized to belong to the same original.

## History

The head may come from the Philadelphion in Constantinople, the original location of the Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs that is now just below on the Basilica's Piazzetta facade. It was "almost certainly" brought to Venice as part of the loot from the Sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204 CE.
The condottiere Francesco Bussone da Carmagnola was beheaded on 5 May 1432 on the Piazzetta, where his head was presumably left exposed for some time, leading to the sculpture's traditional nickname.
* Side facade of St Mark's Basilica, with Carmagnola at the far left of the upper-level railing
* The Piazzetta viewed from behind Carmagnola