OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cornelia Bentley Sage Quinton

Cornelia Bentley Sage Quinton (October 3, 1876 – May 16, 1936) was an American painter and curator. She was the director of the Albright Art Museum (later the Albright-Knox Art Gallery) in Buffalo, New York, from 1910 through 1924. Upon her appointment as director on October 15, 1910, she became the first woman to serve as director of a major art museum in the United States.

## Life

Sage was born on October 3, 1876, in Buffalo, New York. She attended the Art Students League in both Buffalo and New York City, and the École du Louvre in Paris, France. Sage married William Warren Quinton on Oct 31, 1917.
Quinton began working at the Albright Art Museum in May 1905. She became director of the museum in 1910 after the sudden death of Charles M. Kurtz. Quinton organized noteworthy exhibitions at Albright Art Museum such as the International Exhibition of Pictorial Photography in 1910, and the Exhibition of Contemporary American Sculpture in 1916.
The International Exhibition of Pictorial Photography was the first photography exhibition held at an American museum. The Exhibition of Contemporary American Sculpture featured more than 800 works of sculpture by 168 contemporary American artists.
In 1920 Quinton received Cross of the Legion of Honor from France for her work promoting French art during WWI.
Quinton left the Albright Art Museum in 1924 to become the director of California Palace of the Legion of Honor, a position she held until 1930.
Quinton died on May 16, 1936, in Santa Barbara, California.

## Legacy

In 2002 Quinton was honored by the WNY Friends of the National Women's Hall of Fame.
# Ion interaction chromatography

Ion interaction chromatography (ion-pair chromatography) is a laboratory technique for separating ions with chromatography. In this technique ions are mixed with ion pairing reagents (IPR). The analyte combines with its reciprocal ion in the IPR, this corresponds to retention time. Often organic salts are selected to pair with solute(s). The formation of this pair affects the interaction of the pair with the mobile phase and the stationary phase.
# Museum of the Cherokee People

The Museum of the Cherokee People (MTCP), formerly known as the Museum of the Cherokee Indian (MCI), is a 501(c)3 nonprofit cultural arts and history museum, educational center, and archive founded in 1948, and located in Cherokee, North Carolina. The museum provides permanent exhibitions, an artifact collection, workshops, educational programs, and a museum store. The museum was previously operated by the Cherokee Historical Association, but later became its own entity. It has been part of the North American Reciprocal Museum Association.

## History

Founded as the Museum of the Cherokee Indian in 1948 by the Eastern Band of Cherokee, it was located in a log cabin building that also housed McLeans Indian Store and the Ocona Lufty Inn. The museum's operations have provided tourism, jobs, and commercial enterprise in an area where unemployment was high; while simultaneously highlighting Cherokee people and preserving their cultural traditions as a fundamental part of the museums operation. They work to counteract inaccurate imagery of Cherokee culture often found in mainstream media. The Eastern Band of Cherokee also established other local attractions, including the Unto These Hills outdoor theater series in 1950; and the Oconaluftee Indian Village in 1952. After a major renovation in 2023, the museum changed its name to the Museum of the Cherokee People to clarify that the three federally recognized Cherokee tribes are one people. Besides the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians based here in Cherokee, there is the United Keetoowah Band and the Cherokee Nation, the largest tribal government in the U.S., both of which are in Tahlequah, Oklahoma.
In October 2023, the museum name was changed from Museum of the Cherokee Indian to Museum of the Cherokee People.

## Exhibitions and artists

Museum exhibitions have focused on Cherokee history and pre-history with topics such as "stone tools and weapons", "mineral displays", "Indian corn", "Cherokee pipes", "bone ornaments", "seashell ornaments", "game stones", "Oconaluftee Village crafts", "model of ancient burial", "mortar and pestle", "bannerstones, birdstones, and boatstones", "Cherokee people today", "Emissaries of Peace: The 1762 Cherokee/British Delegations" (2004), and the "origins of the American Indian".
The Cherokee Potters Guild was formed in January 2003, after a series of workshops held at the Museum of the Cherokee. The museum also hosts a number of annual summer and fall festivals, including the "Cherokee Voices Festival", and the "Festival of Native Peoples".
Folklorist Barbara R. Duncan had been employed by the museum to research Cherokee legends, myths, and family stories. Some were published in "Living Stories of the Cherokee" (University of North Carolina Press, 1998).
* Attakullakulla
* Mary Adair
* Goingback Chiltoskey
* Shan Goshorn
* Jenean Hornbuckle
* Will West Long
# Chironomus staegeri

Chironomus staegeri is a species of midge in the family Chironomidae. It is found in Europe.
# Renay

Renay (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department in central France.
# North Shore Sanitary District Tower

The North Shore Sanitary District Tower is located in Rosewood Park, Highland Park, Illinois. It was built in 1931 to provide ventilation for the local sewer system. The brick tower is 50 feet (15 m) tall and topped by a spire. The tower features Art Deco elements, including the spire and its stone door trim and windowsills; the application of a formal architectural style is unusual in a purely functional building. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 30, 1983.
The tower is featured on the cover of the album Oceania by The Smashing Pumpkins.
# Massed negative practice

Massed negative practice is a proposed treatment for the tics of Tourette syndrome in which the individual with Tourette's "practices" tics continuously until a conditioned level of fatigue is reached. It is based upon the Hullian learning theory, which holds that tics are "maladaptive habits that are strengthened by repetition and can be replaced by the strengthening of more adaptive habits (i.e., not having tics)". There is little evidence supporting its efficacy in the treatment of tics.
# Gerich

Gerich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Sven Gerich (born 1974), German politician, since 1 July 2013 Gerich is mayor of Wiesbaden
* John Gerich (born 1947), Canadian politician in Saskatchewan, MLA for Redberry, and former member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
* Walter von Gerich, Finnish civil servant and later an agent in German pay during World War I
# Cornelia Bosch (resistance)

Cornelia Bosch (2 August 1925 – 10 April 1945) was a Dutch Resistance member during World War II.

## Biography

Cornelia "Corrie" Bosch was one of the ten children of plasterer Johannes Bosch and Johanna Hoekstra. She resided in Deventer, where she went to primary school. After graduation, she was employed as a laboratory assistant at the food and chemical company Noury & Van der Lande, a predecessor of AkzoNobel.
During World War II, Bosch resided with her mother and three sisters while her father served as a forced labourer in Germany. She took part in resistance activities with a group of students as part of the organization Landelijke Knokploegen. Bosch fell in love with and married a fellow resistance fighter, Joost "Jos" van Baalen, marrying him on 28 March 1945.
On 8 April 1945, five members of the Communist Party of the Netherlands, including van Baalen, congregated in an abandoned factory near a bridge over the IJssel to allow Allied forces access to Deventer and to prevent it from being destroyed by retreating German troops. Bosch was intended to bring supplies to the fighters, joining them along with two other students on 9 April. On 10 April, the bridge was destroyed, killing two resistance fighters and setting the factory ablaze. Bosch, along with her husband and three other resistants, was executed with a shot to the head on the grounds of a nearby slaughterhouse. German soldier Ernst Gräwe refused to take part in the executions and was also shot.
The resistance fighters' execution was known in the Netherlands as the Twentol drama. Post-war investigations into the unit that committed the massacre were inconclusive.

## Burial and commemoration

Photographs of Bosch's body in an opened wooden coffin were circulated in various foreign newspapers, including the Daily Mirror. The victims were buried on 14 April 1945 in Diepenveen.
In 2019, stolpersteine were laid for Bosch and her husband at their former residence in Deventer.
# Ion gun

An Ion Gun typically refers to an instrument that generates a beam of heavy ions with a well defined energy distribution. The ion beam is produced from a plasma that has been confined within a volume. Ions of a particular energy are extracted, accelerated, collimated and/or focused. The ion gun is composed of an ion source, extraction grid structure and a collimation/lensing structure. The plasma can be made up of an inert or reactive gas (e.g. N$^+$ and O$^+$) or an easily condensable substance (e.g. C$^+$ and B$^+$). The plasma can be formed from molecules that contain the substance which will form the beam, in which case, these molecules must be fragmented then ionized (e.g. H and CH$_4$ can together be fragmented and ionized to create a beam for depositing diamond-like carbon films).
The ion current density (or similarly the ion flux), the ion energy spread, and the resolution of the ion beam are key factors in ion gun design. The ion current density is controlled by the ion source, the energy spread is determined primarily by the extraction grid, and the resolution is determined primarily by the optical column.
The ion gun is an important component in surface science in that it provides the scientist with a means to sputter etch a surface and generate an elemental or chemical depth profile. Modern ion guns can produce beam energies from 10eV to more than 10keV.

## Measurement and Detection

A Nanocoulombmeter in combination with a Faraday cup can be used to detect and measure the beams emitted from ion guns.
# Murodermin

Murodermin (INN), also known as recombinant murine epidermal growth factor (rmEGF), is a recombinant form of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) and an EGF receptor agonist which was never marketed.
# Gherăseni

Gherăseni (Romanian pronunciation:) is a commune in Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania, 17 km south-east of Buzău, the county capital. It is composed of three villages: Gherăseni, Cremenea and Sudiți.

## Location

Gherăseni is located on the Bărăgan plain. The only river crossing the commune is Călmățui, a tributary of the Danube.
The commune neighbours Țintești to the north, Smeeni to the east, Mihăileşti to the south, Movila Banului to the southwest, and Costești to the west.

## History

The name Gherăseni is connected to the name of Ioan (Emanuil) Gerassy, a Greek who had obtained a licence on the boyar monopoly of manufacturing alcoholic beverages in Bucharest during the rule of Alexandru II Ghica (1834-1842). He owned Câmpineanca, Siliște and Rotunda estates, which he had bought in the late 1820s.
Rotunda estate included a large village which featured an Orthodox church. Gerassy managed to convince the inhabitants of that village to move to the present-day location of Gherăseni, 1 km away from the Cremenea village. The first people to settle in the new location apparently arrived around 1829. The Gerassy family also built a new church and a school on the spot.
In 1905, financial difficulties forced Nicolae Gerassy, Ioan's son, to sell the estates to one Stan Vasile.
# Renazé

Renazé (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France.
# David Hannan

David Hannan may refer to:
* David Hannan (cinematographer), Australian cinematographer
* David Hannan (artist) (born 1971), Métis Canadian artist
* Dave Hannan (born 1961), Canadian ice hockey left winger
# Ernst Kühl

Ernst Kühl (24 October 1888 – 2 February 1972) served as a German officer in the Luftwaffe during World War II. He was honored with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, an esteemed decoration of Nazi Germany.

## Awards and decorations

* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (1939) & 1st Class (1940)
* German Cross in Gold on 21 August 1942, as Oberstleutnant in the II./Kampfgeschwader 55
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 17 October 1942 as Oberstleutnant of the Reserve and Geschwaderkommodore of Kampfgeschwader 55
** 356th Oak Leaves on 18 December 1943 as Oberst of the Reserves and Geschwaderkommodore of Kampfgeschwader 55 "Greif"
* Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
# Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type

Chondrodysplasia Grebe type is a rare genetic disorder. It is caused by a mutation to the GDF5 gene. This mutation may be inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

## Signs and symptoms

Chondrodysplasia Grebe type causes both dwarfism and dysmelia (short limb deformity). It may also cause dental problems. There is significant phenotypic variability between individuals.
At birth, patients with Grebe-type chondrodysplasia display severe dwarfism. Afflicted individuals may also experience severe shortening and deformities of the long bones, fusion or absence of carpal and tarsal bones, ball shaped fingers, polydactyly, and absent joints.

## Cause

Chondrodysplasia Grebe type is caused by a mutation to the GDF5 gene. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Because of this, 60% of people with chondrodysplasia Grebe type have consanguinous parents.

## Diagnosis

Due to the small number of signs and symptoms, and rarity, chondrodysplasia Grebe type is hard to diagnose. Genetic testing, usually exome sequencing, is used to identify the mutation to the GDF5 gene.
# Ohgahora Dam

Ohgahora Dam is a gravity dam located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control and water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 4.4 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 4 ha of land when full and can store 450 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1988 and completed in 1998.
# Gerichtsbezirk Oberburg

The Gerichtsbezirk Oberburg (Court District of Oberberg) (Slovenian: sodni okraj Gornji Grad) was in the Bezirksgericht Oberburg which was under the Gerichtsbezirk of the state of Steiermark. It was composed of part of the Bezirks Cilli (Celje) and was lost to Yugoslavia in 1919.

## History

The Gerichtsbezirk Oberburg was created by an 1849 decision by the Landes-Gerichts-Einführungs-Kommission (State Court Launch Commission) and originally composed of eight communities: Kokarje (Altenburg), Laufen, Leutsch, Neustift, Oberburg, Praßberg, Rietz and Sulzbach. The Gerichtsbezirk Oberburg was formed in to provide a political decentralization of the judicial administration and since 1868 this district together with the Gerichtsbezirken Cilli, Gonobitz, Franz, Sankt Marein bei Erlachstein and Tüffer of Bezirk Cilli.
The Gerichsbezick had a population of 15,394 in 1890, with 15,371 Slovenians and 18 Germans who spoke a local dialect. There was another census in 1910, which showed that the Gerichtsbezirk had a total population of 15,296, of which 15,217 (99.5%) spoke Slovenian and 56 (0.4%) spoke German.
Due to the border regulations of September 10, 1919 enforced by the Treaty of Saint-Germain, the entirety of the Gerichtsbezirk Oberberg was ceded to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

## Circuit Court

In 1910, the Gerichtssprengel (circuit court) Oberberg included the ten following communities shortly before its dissolution: Bočna (Wotschna), Gornji Grad (Oberburg), Kokarje (Altenburg), Ljubo (Laufen), Luče (Leutsch), Mozirje Trg (Praßberg), Nova Štifta (Neustift), Rečica (Rietz) und Solčava (Sulzbach).

## Gerichtssprengel

Der Gerichtssprengel Oberburg umfasste im Jahr 1910 kurz vor seiner Auflösung die zehn Gemeinden Bočna (Wotschna), Oberburg (Oberburg), Kokarje (Altenburg), Ljubo (Laufen), Luče (Leutsch), Mozirje Trg (Praßberg), Nova Štifta (Neustift), Rečica (Rietz) und Solčava (Sulzbach).

## Literature

* k. k. Statististische Central-Commission (Hrsg.): Special-Orts-Repertorium der im Österreichischen Reichsrathe vertretenen Königreiche und Länder. Neubearbeitung auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. December 1899. IV. Steiermark. Wien 1893
* k. k. Statististische Zentralkommission (Hrsg.): Spezialortsrepertorium von Steiermark. Bearbeitet auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1910. Wien 1917
# Markerville/Safron Farms Aerodrome

Markerville/Safron Farms Aerodrome (TC LID: CSF5) is located 5.3 nautical miles (9.8 km; 6.1 mi) north northwest of Markerville, Alberta, Canada.
# Brauerei Gebr. Maisel

Brauerei Gebr. Maisel KG (Maisel Bros. Brewery) is a family-owned brewery located in Bayreuth, Germany, best known for their wheat beer. It is the fourth largest producer of wheat beer in Germany, with annual production of around 410,000 hectolitres (350,000 US bbl), employing 160 workers.

## History

It was founded in 1887 by the brothers Eberhardt and Hans Maisel in the Upper Franconian city of Bayreuth.
In 1955, the brewery introduced Maisel's Weisse, a line of wheat beers for which they are best known.
In 2001, the Maisel family sold a 35% stake to Veltins, which was purchased back in December 2005, although the two breweries still cooperate on distribution.
# Ghersi

Ghersi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alejandra Ghersi (born 1989), Venezuelan record producer, DJ, singer, and songwriter
* Enrique Ghersi (born 1961), Peruvian lawyer and professor
* Pietro Ghersi (1899–1972), Italian motorcycle racer
# Blepephaeus

Blepephaeus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Blepephaeus agenor (Newman, 1842)
* Blepephaeus andamanicus Breuning, 1935
* Blepephaeus annulatus Breuning, 1936
* Blepephaeus arrowi Breuning, 1935
* Blepephaeus bangalorensis Breuning, 1957
* Blepephaeus banksi Breuning, 1936
* Blepephaeus bipunctatus Breuning & de Jong, 1941
* Blepephaeus blairi Breuning, 1935
* Blepephaeus borneensis Breuning, 1944
* Blepephaeus fulvus (Pic, 1933)
* Blepephaeus grisescens Hüdepohl, 1998
* Blepephaeus hiekei Breuning, 1974
* Blepephaeus higaononi Vives, 2009
* Blepephaeus indicus Breuning, 1935
* Blepephaeus infelix (Pascoe, 1856)
* Blepephaeus irregularis (Heller, 1915)
* Blepephaeus itzingeri Breuning, 1935
* Blepephaeus laosicus Breuning, 1947
* Blepephaeus lemoulti (Breuning, 1938)
* Blepephaeus leucosticticus Breuning, 1938
* Blepephaeus lignosus Breuning, 1950
* Blepephaeus luteofasciatus (Gressitt, 1941)
* Blepephaeus malaccensis Breuning, 1935
* Blepephaeus marmoratus Heller, 1934
* Blepephaeus marshalli Breuning, 1935
* Blepephaeus mausoni (Breuning, 1947)
* Blepephaeus mindanaonis (Schultze, 1920)
* Blepephaeus modicus (Gahan, 1888)
* Blepephaeus multinotatus (Pic, 1925)
* Blepephaeus nepalensis (Hayashi, 1981)
* Blepephaeus niasicus Breuning, 1950
* Blepephaeus nicobaricus Breuning, 1935
* Blepephaeus nigrofasciatus Pu, 1999
* Blepephaeus nigrosparsus Pic, 1925
* Blepephaeus nigrostigma Wang & Jiang, 1998
* Blepephaeus ocellatus (Gahan, 1888)
* Blepephaeus puae Lin, 2011
* Blepephaeus shembaganurensis Breuning, 1979
* Blepephaeus stigmosus Gahan, 1895
* Blepephaeus strandi Breuning, 1936
* Blepephaeus subannulatus Breuning, 1979
* Blepephaeus subcruciatus (White, 1858)
* Blepephaeus succinctor (Chevrolat, 1852)
* Blepephaeus sumatrensis Breuning, 1938
* Blepephaeus undulatus (Pic, 1930)
* Blepephaeus varius (Heller, 1898)
# North Tanami Band

North Tanami Band are a reggae/ska band from Lajamanu, a town located about 600 km to the north of Yuendumu. The members are Warlpiri and their songs are sung in Warlpiri and English. They were the subjects of the documentary The Traveling Warlpiris (1992).

## Discography

Albums
* Warlpiri Warlpiri people (1990) - CAAMA Music
* Travelling Warlpiri (1995) - CAAMA Music
* Warlpiri Tribe (2005) - CAAMA Music
* This Land - CAAMA Music
* Land is our Life (2003) - CAAMA Music
# Gilbert Collard

Gilbert Georges Jean Camille René Collard (French pronunciation:; born 3 February 1948) is a French writer, barrister and politician serving as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019. A member of the National Rally (RN) until 2022, he was a member of the National Assembly for the 2nd constituency of Gard from 2012 until 2019. Collard also served as Secretary-General of the Rassemblement bleu Marine (RBM) since 2012, a right-wing political association and think-tank supporting Marine Le Pen. In January 2022, he left the RN for Éric Zemmour's Reconquête.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Gilbert Collard was born in Marseille and grew up in Châtel-Guyon. He studied law at Aix-Marseille University and Panthéon-Assas University. During his youth, he was a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and subsequent Socialist Party (PS) until 1992. His sister was lawyer and activist Jehanne Collard (1950–2021).

### Career and first involvement in politics

Collard started his career as a barrister in Marseille in 1971. He quickly became a well-known lawyer at the national level, often speaking in the media about cases he defended. He most notably had Laurent Gbagbo, Charles Pasqua, Marine Le Pen, Valérie Bègue, as well as Paul Aussaresses as clients. In 2001, he was an independent candidate for Mayor of Vichy. He was elected to the city's council but declined the mandate.

### Member of the National Assembly

Collard moved to Gallician, a town in Gard. He was elected to the National Assembly as a member of the RBM in the 2012 legislative election, at the same time as Marion Maréchal-Le Pen in Vaucluse. He succeeded Étienne Mourrut of the Union for a Popular Movement, whom he had defeated.
Along with Marion Maréchal and other FN senior executives, Collard took part in the mass demonstrations against same-sex marriage organized in Paris by La Manif pour tous movement in the first half of 2013.
Since the 2014 municipal election, Collard has been a councillor of Saint-Gilles, Gard.
On 17 April 2017, during a Marine Le Pen rally for the 2017 French presidential election, an anti-fascist disrupter threw a Molotov cocktail towards him; he sustained minor injuries amid a quick reaction by police officers. Gilbert Collard was reelected to the National Assembly in the 2017 legislative election. He officially joined the National Rally, then called National Front, later the same year.

### Member of the European Parliament

Collard stood as a candidate in the 2019 European Parliament election. Following his election he resigned from the National Assembly, where he was succeeded by his substitute Nicolas Meizonnet.

### Defection to Reconquête

On 22 January 2022, Collard along with Jérôme Rivière left the RN for Reconquête, the party of the far-right presidential candidate Éric Zemmour.