OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Refilwe Modiselle

Refilwe Modiselle (born 2 January 1985) is a South African model and entertainer born in Rockville, Soweto, and the country's first professional fashion model with albinism. She started her modelling career at the age of 13 when she was approached by Y! magazine. She also appeared as a runway model in 2005 for South African designer David Tlale, making her the first albinistic model to appear on a runway in South Africa. Modiselle has also had some experience in the music industry, where she performed as a backing vocalist for South African singer Keabetswe "KB" Motsilanyane while in school. She was nominated to the Oprah Magazine 2013 "Power List", and began an acting career. She uses the nickname "Vanillablaq" in social media.

## Early life and education

Modiselle was born in Rockville, Soweto (in Gauteng, South Africa) where she lived with her mother and father until she was 4 years old, after which her family moved to Orange Grove, Johannesburg.
Her family relocated again following the death of her father when she was a girl. She has two younger sisters Bontle and Candice Modiselle who are also in the industry.
In high school she was a hard working learner, but other learners would tease and bully her and that led her to focus on her future.

### After high school

Following her graduation from high school in Johannesburg, Modiselle studied advertising at Varsity College, graduating with distinction in her course.
Throughout her work life Modiselle has accepted modelling work – including modelling for David Tlale at South Africa Fashion Week in 2005.
She has also featured in a number of South African print magazines.

## Career

Alongside Soweto-born model Tshegofatso Seakgoe, Modiselle was approached by advertising agency Black River FC in 2012 to be the face of female fashion retailer LEGiT’s summer fashion campaign. The campaign formed part of the retailer’s rebranding, and Modiselle was officially named the retailer’s "brand ambassador" at a launch event in Kyalami, Johannesburg, leading to print and online campaigns, as well as a video advertisement aired on South African television. She followed in a line of LEGiT brand ambassadors including TV presenter and actress Minnie Dlamini, TV presenter Bonang Matheba, model Noni Gasa, actress and model Zizo Beda, and radio and TV personality Sade Giliberti.
# Regentonnenvariationen

Regentonnenvariationen (lit. 'Rain Barrel Variations') is a 2014 poetry collection by the German writer Jan Wagner. It received the 2015 Leipzig Book Fair Prize for Fiction.
# Red Turban invasions of Goryeo

The Red Turban invasions of Goryeo occurred in the 14th century, when the Red Turban Rebellion against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty spread to the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. The Red Turban rebels, originating in the Zhejiang area, were opposed to the Yuan dynasty. After gaining control of Liaodong, the Red Turbans invaded Goryeo in 1359 and 1360.

## Background

The Mongol invasions of Korea lasted from 1231 to 1259, and Goryeo capitulated to the Mongol empire under an agreement of a condition "not changing the local custom" (不改土風), and became their son-in-law nation (駙馬國) in 1270 until 1356. In the mid-14th century, when the Yuan dynasty was beginning to crumble due to the Red Turban Rebellion, Gongmin reformed the Korean government, abolished Mongolian military outposts, purged pro-Yuan sentiments, and regained lost northern territories. The Red Turbans attacked Goryeo most likely because of military exigency.

## First Red Turban invasion

In December 1359, part of the Red Turban army moved their base to the Liaodong Peninsula. However, they were experiencing a shortage of war materials and lost their withdrawal route to Chinese mainland. The Red Turban army led by Mao Ju-jing invaded Goryeo and took the city of Pyongyang. In January 1360, the Goryeo army led by An U and Yi Bang-sil retook Pyongyang and the northern region which had been captured by the Red Turbans. Of the Red Turban army that had crossed the Yalu River, only 300 troops returned to Liaoning after the war.

## Second Red Turban invasion

In November 1360, the Red Turban troops invaded again Goryeo's northwest border with 200,000 troops and they occupied Gaegyeong, the capital of Goryeo, for a short period, King Gongmin escaped to Andong. However, Generals Ch'oe Yŏng, Yi Sŏng-gye (later Taejo of Joseon), Jeong Seun and Yi Bang-sil repulsed the Red Turban army. Sha Liu and Guan Xiansheng, who were Red Turban generals, were killed in the battles. The Goryeo army continually chased their enemy and repelled them from the Korean Peninsula.

## Aftermath

Although Goryeo had repulsed the Red Turbans, both its population and economy had been severely damaged. Wokou pirates had been troubling the southern peninsula for some time. Generals Ch'oe Yŏng and Yi Sŏng-gye were called upon by King Gongmin to combat them, thereby giving the successful generals much influence and a power base in the country. General Yi Sŏng-gye especially identified himself with the reformist Sinjin faction.
In 1388, unwilling to lead the invasion of Liaodong and fight the Ming dynasty, General Yi Sŏng-gye decided to revolt against U of Goryeo and his fellow general, Ch'oe Yŏng, and swept back to the capital, Gaegyeong, to secure control of the government. In 1392, General Yi founded Joseon dynasty.
# James Hamilton-Paterson

James Hamilton-Paterson FRSL (born 6 November 1941) is a poet and novelist.
He is one of the most reclusive of British literary exiles, dividing his time between Austria, Italy and the Philippines.

## Early life

James Hamilton-Paterson was born on 6 November 1941 in London, England. His father was a neurosurgeon who treated the Aga Khan and provided the inspiration for the poem "Disease", for which Hamilton-Paterson was awarded the Newdigate Prize.
He was educated at Windlesham House, Sussex, Bickley Hall, Kent, King's School, Canterbury and Exeter College, Oxford.
Having worked as a hospital orderly at St. Stephen's Hospital between 1966 and 1968, Paterson earned his first break as a writer in 1969, when he began working as a reporter for the New Statesman. This continued until 1974, when he became features editor for Nova magazine.

## Literary career

Hamilton-Paterson is generally known as a commentator on the Philippines, where he has lived on and off since 1979. His novel Ghosts of Manila (1994) portrayed the Philippine capital in all its decay and violence and was highly critical of the Marcoses – a view he rescinded with the publication of America's Boy (1998), which sets the Marcos regime into the geopolitical context of the time.
In 1989, Gerontius was published, a reconstruction of a journey made by the composer Sir Edward Elgar along the River Amazon in 1923. Regarded by admirers as being among the best British novels of the 1980s, its poetic language, dreamlike landscapes and lush imaginings won him the Whitbread Award for first novel.
In 1992, he published Seven-Tenths, a far-ranging meditation upon the sea and its meanings. A mixture of art, science, history and philosophy, this book is a deep, abstract lament on loss and the loss of meaning.
In 2000, he returned to the magazine industry as a science columnist for Das Magazin (Zurich) for two years before becoming a science columnist for Die Weltwoche.
More recently he won acclaim for his Gerald Samper trilogy as well as his non-fiction book Empire of the Clouds, which details the aviation industry in post-war Britain.
Hamilton-Paterson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2023.
# James Hook (priest)

James Hook, FRS, FSA (16 June 1771 – 5 February 1828) was an English Anglican priest. He was Dean of Worcester from 1825 until his death.

## Early life and education

The son of the composer James Hook, he was born 16 June 1771. He was educated at Westminster School and St Mary Hall, Oxford.

## Ordained ministry

He was ordained in 1796. He married the daughter of the prominent Scottish physician Walter Farquhar. After having held several livings in 1814 he became Archdeacon of Huntingdon; and in 1817 Rector of Whippingham.
An amateur mountaineer, novelist and composer, he died on 5 February 1828. His brother and son also achieved eminence in their respective fields.
# James Hook

James Hook may refer to:
* Captain Hook, the villain of J. M. Barrie's play and novel Peter Pan
* James Hook (composer) (1746–1827), English composer and organist
* James Hook (priest) (1771–1828), English priest, Dean of Worcester
* James Clarke Hook (1819–1907), English painter
* James Schley Hook (1824–1907), American jurist from Georgia
* James Hook (rugby union) (born 1985), Welsh international rugby union player
# Meglumine antimoniate

Meglumine antimoniate is a medicine used to treat leishmaniasis. This includes visceral, mucocutaneous, and cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is given by injection into a muscle or into the area infected.
Side effects include loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, cough, feeling tired, muscle pain, irregular heartbeat, and kidney problems. It should not be used in people with significant heart, liver, or kidney problems. It is not recommended during breastfeeding. It belongs to a group of medications known as the pentavalent antimonials.
Meglumine antimoniate came into medical use in 1946. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available in Southern Europe and Latin America but not the United States.

## Society and culture

It is manufactured by Aventis and sold as Glucantime in France, and Glucantim in Italy.
# James Murphy (Irish politician)

James Edward Murphy (28 December 1887 – 7 October 1961) was an Irish politician. A draper, he was elected unopposed as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) to the Second Dáil at the 1921 elections for the Louth–Meath constituency. He supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty and voted in favour of it. He was re-elected as a pro-Treaty Sinn Féin TD at the 1922 general election.
At the 1923 general election, he was elected as a Cumann na nGaedheal TD for the Louth constituency. He was re-elected at each subsequent general election until he lost his seat at the 1937 general election. While a TD, he attended a Nazi-sponsored conference in Berlin where he expressed antisemitic views.
He was a founding member of Council 32 of the Knights of St Columbanus in Drogheda and was secretary for many years and was Grand Knight in 1942 and 1943. He is buried in St. Peter's Cemetery.
# Cardinals created by Pius II

Pope Pius II (r. 1458–1464) created thirteen new cardinals in three consistories:

## 5 March 1460

* Angelo Capranica, bishop of Rieti – cardinal priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme (received the title on 26 March 1460), then cardinal bishop of Palestrina (11 December 1472), died 3 July 1478
* Berardo Eroli, bishop of Spoleto – cardinal priest of S. Sabina (received the title on 19 March 1460), then cardinal bishop of Sabina (23 May 1474), died 2 April 1479
* Niccolò Fortiguerra, bishop of Chieti – cardinal priest of S. Cecilia (received the title on 19 March 1460), died 21 December 1473
* Alessandro Oliva, O.E.S.A., prior general of his order – cardinal priest of S. Susanna (received the title on 19 March 1460), died 20 August 1463
* Francesco Nanni-Todeschini-Piccolomini, nephew of the Pope, administrator of the see of Siena – cardinal deacon of S. Eustachio (received the title on 26 March 1460), on 22 September 1503 became Pope Pius III, died 18 October 1503
* Burkhard Weisbriach, archbishop of Salzburg (created in pectore, published on 31 May 1462) – cardinal priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo (received the title on 31 May 1462), died 16 February 1466

## 18 December 1461

* Bartolomeo Roverella, archbishop of Ravenna – cardinal priest of S. Clemente (received the title on 26 January 1464), died 2 May 1476
* Jean Jouffroy, bishop of Arras – cardinal priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino (received the title on 16 March 1462), died in November 1473
* Jaime Cardona, bishop of Urgel – cardinal priest without the title, died 1 December 1466
* Louis d'Albret, bishop of Cahors – cardinal priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro (received the title on 31 May 1462), died 4 September 1465
* Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati, bishop of Pavia – cardinal priest of S. Crisogono (received the title on 8 January 1462), then cardinal bishop of Frascati (17 August 1477), died 10 September 1479
* Francesco Gonzaga, protonotary apostolic – cardinal deacon of S. Maria Nuova (received the title on 2 April 1462), died 21 October 1483

## 31 May 1462

* Johann von Eych (d. 1464), Bishop of Eichstätt 1445-64
# Cardinals created by Paul III

Pope Paul III (r. 1534–1549) created 71 cardinals in twelve consistories.

## 18 December 1534

* Alessandro Farnese, iuniore
* Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora

## 21 May 1535

* Nikolaus von Schönberg
* Girolamo Ghinucci
* Giacomo Simoneta
* John Fisher
* Jean du Bellay
* Gasparo Contarini
* Marino Caracciolo
Desiderius Erasmus was offered a cardinal's hat, but he declined.

## 22 December 1536

* Gian Pietro Carafa
* Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte
* Ennio Filonardi
* Jacopo Sadoleto
* Cristoforo Giacobazzi
* Charles de Hémard de Denonville
* Rodolfo Pio da Carpi
* Reginald Pole
* Rodrigo Luis de Borja y de Castre-Pinós
* Girolamo Aleandro (created in pectore)
* Niccolò Caetani

## 18 October 1538

* Pedro Sarmiento

## 20 December 1538

* Juan Álvarez de Toledo
* Pedro Fernández Manrique
* Robert de Lénoncourt
* David Beaton
* Ippolito II d'Este
* Pietro Bembo

## 19 December 1539

* Federigo Fregoso
* Pierre de La Baume
* Antoine Sanguin
* Uberto Gambara
* Pierpaolo Parisio
* Marcello Cervini
* Bartolomeo Guidiccioni
* Ascanio Parisani
* Dionisio Laurerio
* Enrique de Borja y Aragón
* Giacomo Savelli
* Miguel da Silva

## 2 June 1542

* Giovanni Morone
* Marcello Crescenzi
* Giovanni Vincenzo Acquaviva d'Aragona
* Pomponio Cecci
* Roberto Pucci
* Tommaso Badia
* Giovanni Andrea Cortese
* Cristoforo Madruzzo

## 19 December 1544

* Gaspar de Ávalos de la Cueva
* Francisco Mendoza de Bobadilla
* Bartolomé de la Cueva y Toledo
* Georges d'Armagnac
* Jacques d'Annebaut
* Otto Truchsess von Waldburg
* Andrea Cornaro
* Francesco Sfondrati
* Federico Cesi
* Durante Duranti
* Niccolò Ardinghelli
* Girolamo Recanati Capodiferro
* Tiberio Crispo

## 16 December 1545

* Pedro Pacheco de Villena
* Georges II d'Amboise
* Henrique de Portugal
* Ranuccio Farnese

## 27 July 1547

* Charles de Guise
* Giulio della Rovere

## 9 January 1548

* Charles de Bourbon-Vendôme

## 8 April 1549

* Girolamo Verallo
* Giovanni Angelo de' Medici
* Filiberto Ferrero
* Bernardino Maffei
# Carex eriocarpa

Carex eriocarpa is a tussock-forming perennial in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of Turkey.
# Carex erythrovaginata

Carex erythrovaginata, the lax bastard grass, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae, native to New Zealand. A stout tussock-former reaching 75 cm (30 in), its dark green leaves are strongly scabrid.
# Mendip Hospital

Mendip Hospital opened in 1848 as the Somerset and Bath Pauper Lunatic Asylum at Horrington, near Wells, in the English county of Somerset.
As a county asylum, it was replaced by Tone Vale Hospital in 1897, but it continued to house long-stay elderly and mentally infirm patients. It finally closed in 1991, when the buildings were converted into houses and apartments.

## History

The hospital was established as a county asylum for pauper lunatics, under the County Asylums Act 1808, following campaigns by Sir Edwin Chadwick and the work of the Poor Law Commission and opened in 1848. The buildings were designed by George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt. It was built at a cost of £38,000 by Kirk of Sleaford. The first patients were brought to the hospital from local workhouses. Some of the male patients tended the hospital's own farm which provided food for the institution. During the 1850s, within a few years of opening, the hospital was nearing its capacity of 350 and new dining and recreation halls were built. In 1867 the attics were made into dormitories. In the 1870s land adjacent to the hospital was bought to establish a cemetery which was used for the patients who died until 1963 during which time 2,900 burials were carried out. A further villa capable of holding 100 patients was added in 1882. In the 1920s electricity was installed which was followed by a cinema in the 1930s.
The function as an asylum was taken over by Tone Vale Hospital in 1897, after which Mendip Hospital provided services for long-stay elderly and mentally infirm patients. It closed in 1991 and the building was converted into houses and flats.

## Architecture

The main two-storey building, with attics, has a frontage in an "E" shape which is 280 metres (920 ft) long. The roofs are covered in slate and have ogee-shaped gables and finials, with stone chimney stacks. The stone chapel, which is joined to the main building by a covered walkway, is supported by two-stage buttresses and has a spire on the crossing tower. There is also a lodge at the entrance to the site.
# Carl Boheman

Carl Boheman may refer to:
* Carl Henrik Boheman (1796–1868), Swedish entomologist
* Carl Adolf Boheman (1764–1831), Swedish mystic, Freemason, merchant and royal secretary
# Carl Adolph Feilberg (1810–1896)

Carl Adolph Feilberg (20 August 1810 – 8 January 1896) was a Danish businessman. He founded Falkonergårdens Fabrikker on the Falkonergården estate in Frederiksberg in 1842.

## Early life and education

Feilberg was born on 20 August 1810 in Copenhagen, the son of Henning Frederik Feilberg and Louise Brummer. His father was a factory owner, investor and businessman and who served as chief of plans for the Bank of Denmark. He studied engineering (Cand. Polyt.) at the College of Advanced Technology.

## Career

Feilberg bought Falkonergården, a former royal falconry. He established a soap and wax candle factory under the name Falkonergårdens Fabrikker at the site in 1842.

## Personal life

Feilberg married Albertine Hagen. The couple had no children.
His brother, Nicolai Laurentius Feilberg, a priest, was the brother-in-law of the painter Christen Købke. Købke painted his portrait and painted his last nature studies on the Falkonérgården estate.
He was the paternal uncle to the Australian journalist, newspaper editor and Indigenous rights activist Carl Adolph Feilberg, the Danish priest and folklorist Henning Frederik Feilberg, the planter and photographer Kristen Feilberg, and the journalist and restaurateur Frederik Laurentius Feilberg (1858-1917), aka "Lorry" Feilberg.
Feilberg died on 8 January 1896. He is buried in Frederiksberg Old Cemetery.
# Carex proxima

Carex proxima is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to Madagascar.
# Carl Esbeck

Carl H. Esbeck is the R.B. Price Distinguished Professor and the Isabelle Wade & Paul C. Lyda Professor of Law at the University of Missouri School of Law. He joined the law faculty in 1981. He has published in the areas of church-state relations and civil rights. He has taken the lead in advancing a structural view of the establishment clause of the first amendment, and is also credited as the primary author of the original charitable choice language in the 1996 welfare reform bill.

## Scholarship

Professor Esbeck regularly researches and publishes in the areas of religious liberties and civil rights.

### Representative publications

Protestant Dissent and the Virginia Disestablishment, 1776—1786, 7 Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy 51 (2009).
The 60th Anniversary of the Everson Decision and America's Church-State Proposition, 23 Journal of Law and Religion 15 (2007–08).
Governance and the Religion Question: Voluntaryism, Disestablishment, and America's Church-State Proposition, 48 Journal of Church & State 202 (Spring 2006)
The Freedom of Faith-Based Organizations to Staff On a Religious Basis, CENTER FOR PUBLIC JUSTICE (Sept, 2004), with Stanley W. Carlson-Thies & Ronald J. Sider.
Dissent and Disestablishment: The Church-State Settlement in the Early American Republic, 2004 BYU Law Review 1385 (2004).
Religious Organizations in the United States, A Study of Identity, Liberty, and the Law, (Carolina Academic Press, 2004). contributed 2 chapters to this book - Regulation of Religious Organizations via Governmental Financial Assistance and Charitable Choice and the Critics.
The Establishment Clause as a Structural Restraint: Validations and Ramifications, 18 JOURNAL OF LAW & POLITICS 445 (2002).
Statement Before the United States House of Representatives Concerning Charitable Choice and the Community Solutions Act, 16 NOTRE DAME JOURNAL OF LAW, ETHICS & PUB. POL'Y 567 (2002).
Differentiating the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses, 42 Journal of Church and State 311 (2000).
Myths, Miscues and Misconceptions: No-Aid Separationism and the Establishment Clause, 13 NOTRE DAME JOURNAL OF LAW, ETHICS & PUBLIC POLICY 285 (1999).
On Rights and Restraints, 94 LIBERTY 22-29 (March/April 1999).
The Neutral Treatment of Religion and Faith-Based Social Service Providers: Charitable Choice and Its Critics, in WELFARE REFORM AND FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS 173 (Derek Davis & Barry Hankins editors, 1999).
The Establishment Clause as a Structural Restraint on Governmental Power, 84 IOWA L. REV. 1-113 (1998)
# James Morehead

James Morehead may refer to:
* James Turner Morehead (North Carolina politician) (1799–1875), Congressional Representative from North Carolina
* James T. Morehead Jr. (born 1838), his son, congressman, served in the North Carolina Senate
* James Turner Morehead (chemist) (1840–1908), chemist who founded what became Union Carbide
* James Turner Morehead (Kentucky politician) (1797–1854), senator and governor of Kentucky
* James B. Morehead (1916–2012), American fighter pilot of World War II