OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marguerite Vaillant-Couturier

Marguerite Vaillant-Couturier (12 May 1855 – 5 May 1930) was a French soprano who made her debut in Brussels at La Monnaie in 1880 in the title role of Gounod's Mireille. After appearing in Marseille the following year, she sang in operettas in Paris in the early 1880s. On 19 October 1882, she created the role of Micaëla in Lecocq's Le cœur et la main at the Théâtre des Nouveautés in Paris. In 1888, she gained success in the title role of Bizet's Carmen at the Opéra-Comique. She also appeared in Buenos Aires and Saint Petersburg.

## Early life, family and education

Born in Paris on 12 May 1855, Marguerite Vaillant was the daughter of the civil engineer Paul Louis Vaillant (1818–74) and his wife Caroline Adèle Emma née Isot (1829–97). One of the family's four children, she attended the Conservatoire de Paris where in 1878 she was awarded first prizes in singing for both opera and comic opera. On 22 February 1879 in Brussels, Marguerite Vaillant married the baritone Félix Couturier (1854–1914) with whom she had a son, Paul, who became a politician.

## Career

Vaillant made her debut in September 1878 at the Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels in the title role of Gounod's Mireille. As she had not made herself available to the Paris theatres under the terms of her conservatory prizes, she had to pay a fine of 20,000 francs to the French authorities. In Brussels, she appeared as Juliette in Roméo et Juliette, Catharina in Meyerbeer's L'étoile du nord and the title role of Victor Massé's Galathée before moving to Marseille where she was particularly successful in Offenbach's Madame Favart. She went on to sing in Nantes and Geneva.
On 19 October 1882 at the Théâtre des Nouveautés in Paris, she created the role of Micaëla in the world premiere of Lecocq's Le cœur et la main. Other roles created there included Benvenuta in Théodore Lajarte's Roi de Carreau (23 October 1883), and Elvérine in Louis Varney's operetta Babolin (19 March 1884). She returned to Brussels to sing the title role in the Belgian premiere of Massenet's Manon. While there, she appeared in Gounod's Faust and Hamlet by Ambroise Thomas.
In 1886, she appeared as a guest singer in Buenos Aires and in 1887 in Saint Petersburg. She returned to Paris to sing the title role in Bizet's Carmen in June 1888 at the Opéra-Comique where she went on to create the role of Thisbé de Montéfiori in the premiere of Henry Litolff's L'Escadron volant de la reine on 14 December 1888. The following year, she moved to Antwerp where she appeared as Baucis in Gounod's Philémon et Baucis, and again as Catharina and Galathée. In 1889, she appeared at the Monte-Carlo Opera as Philine in Thomas' Mignon and in the title role of Mireille.
Marguerite Vaillant-Couturier died in Paris on 1 May 1930 at the age of 74.
# Nagano Line

Nagano Line may refer to either of the following railway lines in Japan:
* Nagano Line, a railway line in Nagano Prefecture, owned and operated by the Nagano Electric Railway
* Nagano Line (Kintetsu), a railway line in Osaka Prefecture, connecting Habikino and Kawachinagano
# Lanthanum diiodide

Lanthanum diiodide is an iodide of lanthanum, with the chemical formula of LaI$_2$. It is an electride, actually having a chemical formula of La$^{3+}$[(I$^−$)$_2$e$^−$].

## Preparation

Lanthanum diiodide can be obtained from the reduction of lanthanum(III) iodide with lanthanum metal under a vacuum at 800 to 900 °C:
    La + 2 LaI$_3$ → LaI$_2$
It can also be obtained by reacting lanthanum and mercury(II) iodide:
    La + HgI$_2$ → LaI$_2$ + Hg
It was first created by John D. Corbett in 1961.

## Properties

Lanthanum diiodide is a blue-black solid with metallic lustre, which is easily hydrolyzed into the iodide oxide. It has a MoSi$_2$-type structure, with the space group I4/mmm (No. 139).
# Mrs. Bectors Food

Mrs. Bectors Food Specialties Limited is an Indian multinational fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) company.

## History

Established in 1977 by Rajni Bector and headquartered in Ludhiana, Punjab, the company manufactures and markets various types of biscuits, including cookies, creams, crackers, digestives, and glucose, under its flagship brand "Mrs Bector's Cremica". Its products are also marketed under the brand name "English Oven".
The company exports its products to 60 countries. It also supplies Indian government entities such as Indian Railways and government canteens and has supply relationships with multinational fast food companies like McDonald's, Subway, and Yum! Brands.
In 2006, Goldman Sachs invested in the company but sold its stake in 2010 to a private equity firm. The company was listed on the National Stock Exchange of India in December 2020.

## Tax investigation

On October 17, 2023, the Income Tax Department searched the company's offices. Documents were seized and bank lockers and accounts searched. The company denied wrongdoing.
# Capture of Cayo Cocina

The Capture of Cayo Cocina (also known as Saint George's Caye) was the result of a Spanish military operation on the 15 September 1779 against a British settlement on Saint George's Caye, just off the coast of present-day Belize, during the Anglo-Spanish War. The settlement was at the time the major British population center in the area, until Spanish forces from the Captaincy General of Guatemala attacked it.
The Spaniards removed the entire population (140 Baymen along with 250 of their slaves), forced them to march overland from Bacalar to Mérida, and then transported them by sea to Havana. Settlers who had been working on the mainland eventually made their way to other nearby British settlements at Roatán or Black River. In 1782 the Spaniards released the prisoners and sent them to Jamaica. The entire Belizean territory was abandoned until 1784, after British logging rights were confirmed in the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
# Meet Me at Bebarfalds

Meet Me at Bebarfalds is an Australian television series which aired 1958 to 1959 on Sydney station TCN-9. Hosted by Chuck Faulkner, the series was broadcast from now-defunct retail store Bebarfalds. It aired at 2:00PM. An article in the Sydney Morning Herald, while not mentioning the series by name, described the format as including shoppers being asked topical questions, along with game show segments and a celebrity guest. Like most early Australian series, it aired in a single city only.
# Career in Rock

Career in Rock is an album by the American band Volcano Suns, released in 1991. The album was recorded by the fourth lineup of the band. It was produced by Steve Albini.
Career in Rock was the band's final album; they announced a breakup before a 1992 show in Chicago.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Boston Herald wrote that the band "never failed to produce an aggressive, tuneful—and loud—punk rush."

## Track listing

* Side One
* "Blue Rib"
* "Binds That Tie"
* "Mystery Date"
* "Silly Misunderstanding"
* "Total Eclipse"
* Side Two
* "Horrorscope"
* "Punching Bag"
* "Show"
* "Sensitachio"
* "Hey Monarch"

## Personnel

* Recorded by Steve Albini
* Peter Prescott
* Robert Weston
* David Kleiler
# Captain Zero

Captain Zero may refer to:
* Captain Zero (magazine), a pulp magazine
* Captain Zero, a character in Tugs (TV series)
# Captain Zoom

Captain Zoom may refer to:
* A character from the theatrical film Zoom
* A character from the made-for-television film The Adventures of Captain Zoom in Outer Space
* 60s rock band Captain Zoom, having a hit single I Really Want You on A&M, 1965
* The main character and singer of personalized birthday songs, introduced by The American Broadcasting Company in 1976
# Mega Sports Complex, Ranchi

The Mega Sports Complex is a multi purpose sports complex located in Ranchi, Jharkhand. It is owned by the Government of Jharkhand.

## History

The stadium hosted 2011 National Games of India.

## Features

List of sporting complexes :
| Name | Sport | capacity | capacity |
| Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium | Track and field | 35,000 | Main stadium |
| Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium | Track and field | | Practicing ground |
| Ganpat Rai Indoor Stadium | Indoor sports | 4,000 | |
| Tana Bhagat Indoor Stadium | Indoor sports | 4,000 | |
| Tanveer Khan Indoor Stadium | Indoor sports | 4,000 | |
| Sheikh Bhikari Administrative Block | Indoor sports | 22,000 | |
| Tennis center | Tennis | 2,000 | |
| Veer Budhu Bhagat Aquaticc Stadium | Swimming | 3,194 | |
| Kabaddi and Kho Kho Stadium | Kabaddi and Kho kho | | |
| Tikait Umrao Shooting Range | Shooting | | |
| Badminton Courts | Badminton | | |
| Rugby Outdoor Stadium | Rugby sevens | | |
| Sighu Kunhu Velodrome | Track cycling and Roller skating | | |
| Archery Range | Archery | | Outdoor |
| Ram Dayal Kala Bhavan | | | Auditorium |
# Mega Station

Mega Station is the name of multiple train stations in Japan.
* Mega Station (Hyōgo) - (妻鹿駅) in Hyōgo Prefecture
* Mega Station (Yamagata) - (女鹿駅) in Yamagata Prefecture
# Capulin, New Mexico

Capulin is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Union County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 66 as of the 2010 census. Capulin had a post office until August 13, 2011; it still has its own ZIP code, 88414. U.S. routes 64 and 87 pass through the community.

## History

It was known as Dedman from 1909 to 1922, after railroad superintendent E.J. Dedman.

## Geography

Capulin Volcano National Monument is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Capulin. The town was named after the volcano by Hispanic settlers after the Civil War.

### Climate

Climate data for Capulin, New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1995–present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 70 (21) | 75 (24) | 82 (28) | 86 (30) | 93 (34) | 100 (38) | 97 (36) | 95 (35) | 94 (34) | 87 (31) | 80 (27) | 71 (22) | 100 (38) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 62.6 (17.0) | 65.5 (18.6) | 74.4 (23.6) | 79.1 (26.2) | 84.5 (29.2) | 93.7 (34.3) | 93.8 (34.3) | 90.7 (32.6) | 87.9 (31.1) | 81.4 (27.4) | 73.7 (23.2) | 64.5 (18.1) | 94.9 (34.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 46.1 (7.8) | 48.8 (9.3) | 56.7 (13.7) | 64.1 (17.8) | 73.6 (23.1) | 82.6 (28.1) | 85.6 (29.8) | 82.8 (28.2) | 77.4 (25.2) | 66.9 (19.4) | 54.5 (12.5) | 45.9 (7.7) | 65.4 (18.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 30.5 (−0.8) | 33.4 (0.8) | 40.5 (4.7) | 47.7 (8.7) | 56.6 (13.7) | 65.9 (18.8) | 69.8 (21.0) | 67.7 (19.8) | 61.7 (16.5) | 50.1 (10.1) | 38.4 (3.6) | 30.1 (−1.1) | 49.4 (9.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 14.9 (−9.5) | 18.0 (−7.8) | 24.3 (−4.3) | 31.2 (−0.4) | 39.5 (4.2) | 49.1 (9.5) | 54.0 (12.2) | 52.6 (11.4) | 46.0 (7.8) | 33.2 (0.7) | 22.3 (−5.4) | 14.4 (−9.8) | 33.3 (0.7) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −6.9 (−21.6) | −3.5 (−19.7) | 2.6 (−16.3) | 16.2 (−8.8) | 23.9 (−4.5) | 37.7 (3.2) | 46.9 (8.3) | 44.6 (7.0) | 32.0 (0.0) | 16.1 (−8.8) | 2.7 (−16.3) | −5.2 (−20.7) | −12.4 (−24.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −17 (−27) | −24 (−31) | −12 (−24) | 6 (−14) | 13 (−11) | 28 (−2) | 34 (1) | 38 (3) | 22 (−6) | −2 (−19) | −13 (−25) | −20 (−29) | −24 (−31) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.51 (13) | 0.50 (13) | 0.98 (25) | 0.96 (24) | 1.46 (37) | 2.31 (59) | 3.60 (91) | 2.87 (73) | 1.93 (49) | 1.10 (28) | 0.62 (16) | 0.76 (19) | 17.60 (447) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.4 (16) | 5.4 (14) | 7.7 (20) | 4.6 (12) | 0.7 (1.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.4 (6.1) | 4.6 (12) | 9.1 (23) | 40.9 (104.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 12.8 | 11.2 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 82.3 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 3.9 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.4 | 20.1 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service (mean maxima/minima 2006–2020) ||||||||||||||
# Refilwe Moreetsi

Refilwe Moreetsi, is a South African airline transport pilot, who serves as a Senior First Officer at South African Airways (SAA), the national carrier airline of South Africa. From June 2022, she concurrently serves as the Fatigue Risk Management Specialist (FRMS) at SAA, having served as Deputy FRMS before that; the first black female pilot to serve in those roles in the 90+-year history of the airline.

## Background and education

She was born in the town of Tzaneen, in Mopani District Municipality, in Limpopo, South Africa, circa 1987. She is the youngest of four children.
She attended Merensky High School, in Tzaneen. While there, at age 15, her father died. Following the attainment of a high school diploma, she turned down a full scholarship to study mining engineering at the University of Pretoria and an alternative to study aeronautical engineering at Wits. Instead she joined the South African Air Force (SAAF), to pursue aviation.
At the SAAF she was trained as a helicopter pilot. Later, she studied at Stellenbosch University, where she obtained a Higher Certificate in Military Studies followed by a Bachelor of Military Science in Aeronautics, Aviation, Aerospace Science and Technology. She attended the Central Flying School in Langebaanweg, Western Cape Province and undertook the Pupil Pilot Course.
Still later, in 2010 she attended Starlight Aviation Group and obtained a Private Pilots License and attended Helicopter Flying School for more certification. In 2020, she graduated from The DaVinci Institute with a Bachelor of Commerce degree in Business Management, specializing in aviation management.

## Career

During her service in the Air Force, she qualified as a helicopter pilot. She went on to fly the Oryx Helicopter, the largest helicopter in the South African National Defence Force. In that capacity, she flew missions with SAAF in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including humanitarian aid, flood relief, firefighting, peacekeeping and search and rescue missions. As the Atlas Oryx is also used to transport the president, deputy president and other VIPs, Moreetsi flew both Jacob Zuma and Cyril Ramaphosa.
In 2014, she left the Air Force and joined the South African Airways Group, starting as a first officer at the now defunct South African Express. In 2016 she transferred to SAA. The aircraft she is certified to fly include the Atlas Oryx helicopter, the CRJ 700, the Boeing 737 and the Airbus A320 aircraft classes, among others.
On 25 October 2022, she co-piloted a Boeing 737 with Flight Captain Annabel Vundla on Flight SA346 from Johannesburg to Cape Town, the first time a SAA flight was operated by an all-black female cockpit crew, in the 90+-year history of the airline.

## Personal

First Flight Officer Refilwe Moreetsi is a married mother of two.
# Red River (New Mexico)

The Red River of New Mexico, United States, is a short, perennial river that flows down the north slope of Mount Wheeler in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, flows west past the towns of Red River and Questa and then south into the Rio Grande just south of the La Junta Campground. The Red River is Taos's winter fishery with prime time being from October through early April. The Red provides visitors the unique opportunity to fish and ski on the same trip. A myriad of springs flow into the river greatly increasing the flows and keeping the water temperatures in the optimum trout fishing range of between 45 and 60 degrees making the Red an ideal winter trout fishery.
As the summer monsoon season comes to an end and afternoon showers begin to taper off, the river settles down and clears nicely, allowing the fun to begin.
In the fall, towards the middle to end of October, larger rainbow trout begin staging in the lower reaches of the river near the confluence with the Rio Grande and start pushing up the river to spawn, creating a great opportunity for a shot at some big Browns through November as they migrate up river and back again. The Red River is noted for its trout fishery and its lower portion is part of the Wild Rivers Recreation Area. Located below Questa on the river is the New Mexico Red River Fish Hatchery.
The Red River derives its water from snowmelt and summer season convective storms and due to the relatively consistent patterns of orographic precipitation it is a perennial stream.
# Cardamine gouldii

Cardamine gouldii is a plant species endemic to Bhutan. It is known only from a single specimen in the herbarium of Kew Botanic Garden in London, collected in 1938 in the Bumthang District.
Cardamine gouldii is a perennial herb. Middle leaves have 5 leaflets, upper leaves have 3 leaflets. Petiole is 1–3 cm long, slightly winged, not auriculate. Leaflets are oblong to lanceolate, up to 5 cm long. Flowers white, with oblong petals up to 15 mm long.
# Red Valley

Red Valley may refer to:

## Places

* Red Valley, Arizona
** Red Valley/Cove High School, a high school in Red Valley, Arizona
* Red Valley, Libya
* Red Valley, New Jersey
* Red Valley (South Dakota)

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Film

* Red River Valley (1936 film), a 1936 American film directed by B. Reeves Eason
* Red River Valley (1941 film), a 1941 Western film directed by Joseph Kane
* Red River Valley (1997 film), a 1997 film directed by Feng Xiaoning a

### Music

* Red River Valley (album), a 1977 album by American Slim Whitman.
* Red River Valley (song), an American folk song and cowboy music standard

### Other media

* Red Valley (podcast), a British audio drama
# Men's Low-Kick at W.A.K.O. European Championships 2004 Budva -57 kg

* Men's Low-Kick Kickboxing at the W.A.K.O. European Championships 2004 (Budva)
* -51 kg
* -54 kg
* -57 kg
* -60 kg
* -63 kg
* -67 kg
* -71 kg
* -75 kg
* -81 kg
* -86 kg
* -91 kg
* +91 kg
The men's featherweight (57 kg/125.4 lbs) Low-Kick division at the W.A.K.O. European Championships 2004 in Budva was the third lightest of the male Low-Kick tournaments and involved just four fighters. Each of the matches was three rounds of two minutes each and were fought under Low-Kick kickboxing rules.
The tournament winner was Ruslan Tozliyan from Russia who defeated Pole Mariusz Cieśliński in the final by unanimous decision. The tournaments two other fighters, Milos Ahic from Serbia and Montenegro and Gabor Kiss from Hungary, gained bronze medals.

## Results

These matches ended in a unanimous decision.
| Semi Finals | Semi Finals | Semi Finals | Final | Final | Final |
| Ruslan Tozliyan | Ruslan Tozliyan | 3 | | | |
| Milos Ahic | Milos Ahic | 0 | | | |
| Milos Ahic | Milos Ahic | 0 | Ruslan Tozliyan | Ruslan Tozliyan | 3 |
| | | | Mariusz Cieśliński | Mariusz Cieśliński | 0 |
| Gabor Kiss | Gabor Kiss | 0 | Mariusz Cieśliński | Mariusz Cieśliński | 0 |
| Mariusz Cieśliński | Mariusz Cieśliński | 3 | | | |
# James Gormly

James Gormly (24 July 1836 – 19 May 1922) was an Irish-born Australian politician.
He was born in Elphin in County Roscommon to grazier Patrick Gormly and Mary Docray. The family migrated to Sydney in January 1840 and Gormly received some education at Wollongong before the family went droving around Nangue and Gundagai. After settling in Wagga Wagga in 1854, Gormly became a mail carrier, eventually selling out to Cobb & Co. in 1872. On 28 December 1858 he married Margaret Jane Cox at Holbrook; they would have eight children. In 1885 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Murrumbidgee. Associated with the emerging Protectionist Party, he transferred to the seat of Wagga Wagga in 1894. In 1904 the Assembly was reduced in size, and Gormly was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he served until his death in 1922.
# Cardinals created by Nicholas V

Pope Nicholas V (r. 1447–1455) created eight new cardinals in three consistories, including the former Antipope Felix V (1439–1449). He also confirmed the three promotions made by this antipope, and restored two cardinals who were created by the legitimate popes but then deposed for having supported the schism of the Council of Basle and Antipope Felix V.

## 16 February 1448

* Antonio Cerdà i Lloscos, O.S.S.T., archbishop of Messina – cardinal-priest of S. Crisogono, † 12 September 1459

## 20 December 1448

All the new cardinals received their titular churches on 3 January 1449.
* Astorgio Agnensi, archbishop of Benevento – cardinal-priest of S. Eusebio, † 10 October 1451
* Latino Orsini, archbishop of Trani – cardinal-priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, then cardinal-bishop of Albano (7 June 1465),cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (14 October 1468), † 11 August 1477
* Alain de Coëtivy, bishop of Avignon – cardinal-priest of S. Prassede, then cardinal-bishop of Palestrina (7 June 1465), cardinal-bishop of Sabina (11 December 1472), † 3 May 1474
* Jean Rolin, bishop of Autun – cardinal-priest of S. Stefano in Montecelio, † 22 June 1483
* Filippo Calandrini, bishop of Bologna – cardinal-priest of S. Susanna, then cardinal-priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina (24 November 1451), cardinal-bishop of Albano (14 October 1468), cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina (30 August 1471), † 18 July 1476
* Nicholas of Cusa – cardinal-priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli, † 12 August 1464

## 23 April 1449

* Amadeo of Savoy, former Antipope Felix V (1439–1449) – cardinal-bishop of Sabina, † 7 January 1451

## Rehabilitations of the former supporters of Felix V
### 6 September 1447

* Zbigniew Oleśnicki (first created on 18 December 1439 by Eugene IV), bishop of Kraków, in the obedience of Basle he was cardinal-priest of S. Anastasia – restored as cardinal-priest of S. Prisca († 1 April 1455)

### 19 December 1449

* Louis Aleman, C.R.S.J. (first created on 24 May 1426 by Martin V), cardinal-priest of S. Cecilia and archbishop of Arles († 16 October 1450)
* Jean d'Arces, archbishop of Tarentaise, created by Antipope Felix V as cardinal-priest of S. Stefano in Monte Celio (1444–1449) – cardinal-priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo (received the title on 12 January 1450), † 12 December 1454
* Louis de La Palud, O.S.B., bishop of St.-Jean-de-Maurienne, created by Antipope Felix V as cardinal-priest of S. Susanna (1440–1449) – cardinal-priest of S. Anastasia (received the title on 12 January 1450), † 21 September 1451
* Guillaume-Hugues d'Estaing, archdeacon of Metz, created by Antipope Felix V as cardinal-priest of S. Marcello (1444–1449) – cardinal-priest of S. Sabina (received the title on 12 January 1450), † 28 October 1455

## Sources

* Miranda, Salvador. "Consistories for the creation of Cardinals, 15th Century (1394-1503): Nicholas V (1447-1455)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.
* Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica, vol. II, Münster 1914
* Krzysztof Rafał Prokop, Polscy kardynałowie, Kraków, Wyd. WAM, 2001
# Carex erebus

Carex erebus (common name - Hookers bastard grass) is a member of the sedge family and is found on the Antarctic Islands of Australia and New Zealand.

## Distribution

It is found on Macquarie Island (Australia), and in New Zealand on Stewart Island, Antipodes Island, Auckland Islands and Campbell Island.

## Taxonomy

Carex erebus was first described in 1844 by Francis Boott as Uncinia hookeri in Joseph Hooker's Flora Antarctica. In 2015, in order to make the genus Carex monophyletic, the genus, Uncinia, was sunk into Carex. The name, Carex hookeri had already been published in 1837 for another species. Hence a new species epithet was required: erebus was chosen, being the name of the ship (HMS Erebus) on which Hooker sailed on the Antarctic expedition of 1839-1843 when this species was first collected on the Auckland Islands.

## Conservation status

In both 2009 and 2012 it was deemed to be "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, and this New Zealand classification was reaffirmed in 2018 (due to its restricted range) but with a further comment that it is secure overseas.