OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Loch Ewe distillery

Loch Ewe distillery in Drumchork near Aultbea in the Scottish Highlands was the smallest legally operated distillery in Scotland. It was set up in 2005 by the owner of the Drumchork Lodge Hotel in a disused garage behind the hotel under the slogan Distillery in a Cave. After being put up for sale in 2015, the distillery closed permanently in 2017.

## History

Loch Ewe distillery was founded in November 2005 by John Clotworthy, the hotelier of the Drumchork Lodge Hotel in Aultbea and started its business in 2006. By then, the founder had already been Whisky Ambassador of the Scottish Licensed Trade Association, which represents publicans, restaurateurs, hoteliers, night club owners as well as manufacturers and sellers of alcoholic beverages. He converted an old garage behind his hotel to a distillery using the slogan Distillery in a Cave.
The project started with a budget limit of £50,000. The company used small, flame heated stills, as they were common with the moonshiners in Wester Ross. These can only be filled with 120 litres of mash per batch, fifteen times less than the minimum batch size of professional stills. By using a loophole in the 1786 Wash Act, which has subsequently been closed, the distillery acquired a licence after three years of negotiation, so that it could be operated fully legally. Smaller stills of one to five litres content are also available, to enable the participants of training courses to distil their own whisky. The whisky is typically sold after six weeks in small bottles, because the bonded store is relatively small in comparison to the demand.
After being put up for sale in 2015, the distillery closed permanently in 2017.

## Manufacturing process

The distillery used an ancient process to extract the alcohol from locally produced mash ingredients. It puts a copper alembic with a downward-sloping tube, similar to those used in 200 BC in Ancient Egypt, on top of the copper pot containing the liquid to be distilled.
# Kumler

Kumler may refer to:
* Daniel Kumler Flickinger (1824–1911), American Bishop of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ
* Elias Kumler House, registered historic building in Oxford, Ohio
* Henry Kumler, Sr. (1775–1854), bishop of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ in the USA
* Kumler, Illinois, ghost town in West Township, McLean County, Illinois, USA
* Rike Kumler Co., former American department store in Dayton, Ohio
# Jacques de Boutier de La Cardonnie

Jacques de Boutier de la Cardonnie was a French Navy officer. He was born on September 5, 1727 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot and died in November 1791. He notably served during the American Revolutionary War.

## Biography

La Cardonnie joined the Navy as a volunteer in 1744, and became a Garde-Marine in 1746. He served on Alcyon in the Caribbean and in Canada, and was promoted to Ensign on 17 May 1751.
In 1753, he was accepted as a member of the Académie de Marine. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 17 April 1757, and to Captain in February 1772.
In 1767, La Cardonnie was captain of Bergère. He surveyed the coast of Saint-Domingue. In 1769, he sailed Bergère to Havana, Rochefort, Bordeaux and Saint-Domingue.
La Cardonnie captained the 74-gun Diadème at the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778. She was nominally in the rear-guard of the French fleet, but since the Orvilliers' line was in reverse order, her position at the lead ship of the Third Division of the Blue Squadron made her the first ship of the battle line. After the battle, he was subject of an inquiry for his failure to engage the British. He wrote a memorandum in his defence, but was relieved of command.
In 1779, La Cardonnie had a duel in Paris with his former first officer, Schantz. Schantz was exiled to Sweden as punishment.
In 1780, La Cardonnie captained the 74-gun Actif and cruised off Cadiz and Saint-Vincent. He captured the British Hercule, Wright, master, off Saint-Vincent. La Cardonnie proposed to use Actif for commerce raiding in addition to her usual duties of convoy escort.

## Sources and references

Notes
Citations
* 1 2 3 4 Rouxel (2020).
* ↑ Archives nationales (2011), p. 178.
* ↑ Archives nationales (2011), p. 181.
* ↑ Troude (1867), p. 7.
* ↑ Lacour-Gayet (1905), p. 615-617.
* ↑ Chack (2001), p. 379.
* ↑ Archives nationales (2011), p. 219.
* ↑ Lacour-Gayet (1905), p. 133.
* ↑ Lacour-Gayet (1905), p. 627.
* ↑ Archives nationales (2011), p. 277.
* ↑ Archives nationales (2011), p. 295.
References
* Chack, Paul (2001). Marins à bataille (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Le Gerfaut. ISBN 9782901196921. OCLC 552986998.
* Lacour-Gayet, Georges (1905). La marine militaire de la France sous le règne de Louis XVI. Paris: Honoré Champion. OCLC 763372623.
* Taillemite, Étienne (1982). Dictionnaire des Marins français. Paris: Éditions maritimes et d'Outre-Mer. ISBN 9782707000316. OCLC 239744936.
* Troude, Onésime-Joachim (1867). Batailles navales de la France (in French). Vol. 2. Challamel ainé. OCLC 836362484.
External links
* Archives nationales (2011). "Fonds Marine, sous-série B/4: Campagnes, 1571-1785" (PDF). Retrieved 29 April 2020.
* Rouxel, Jean-Christophe (2020). "Jacques de BOUTIER de La CARDONNIE". Retrieved 22 May 2020.
# Fairfax University

Fairfax University was an unaccredited distance-learning institution established in Louisiana in 1986 and discontinued in 2004. Prior to losing its state of Louisiana license in 2001, it held graduation ceremonies in the US. Its president was the British academic Alan M. Jones, PhD. In 2005 the University was relaunched as Fairfax University Institute with Alan Jones still as its President. In June 2007 several news media sources reported that it had relocated to the Cayman Islands where it was operating under its new name.
U.S. state education agencies report that Fairfax operated in the past from the U.S. states of Louisiana (the university had an administration office in Baton Rouge until 2004), Montana, and South Dakota and from the United Kingdom.
According to HEDD, the UK Higher Education’s official system for candidate verification and university authentication, which deals with degree fraud and in line with other national accreditation agencies in other countries, degrees from Fairfax University are not recognised as having any academic validity in the United Kingdom.

## Alumni

* Samuel Kobia, General Secretary of the World Council of Churches. The World Council of Churches removed the degree of PhD from his curriculum vitae (CV) after a controversy about Fairfax.
* Sven Otto Littorin, former Swedish Minister for Employment. Littorin removed the degree of MBA from his CV after a controversy about Fairfax.
# Derek Armstrong

Derek Armstrong may refer to:
* Derek Armstrong (ice hockey) (born 1973), Canadian ice hockey coach
* Derek Armstrong (footballer) (born 1939), English former footballer
* Derek Armstrong (gridiron football) (born 1981), Canadian football guard
* Derek Armstrong (politician) (born 1981), American politician
# Condom challenge

The condom challenges are two viral Internet challenges. The first is a challenge involving snorting a latex condom through one's nasal cavity and into the back of the throat; the second is a challenge where a water-filled condom is dropped onto a person's head, typically enveloping the head of the person taking part. Both variations carry a risk of choking and suffocating.

## Nasal cavity

The earlier challenge consists of inserting a latex condom into a nostril and snorting it into the nasal cavity and back through the throat to be pulled out of the mouth. The challenge originated in May 2006, when a video was uploaded onto Break.com of a young man successfully completing the challenge. The term "condom challenge" was coined in May 2012 following the widespread popularity of the cinnamon challenge, but the idea dates to the early 1990s when it was a staple of Matt "The Tube" Crowley's performances at the Jim Rose Circus Sideshow, and videos of challenge attempts date to at least 2007. The challenge went viral in 2013, when WorldStarHipHop posted a video of two young women attempting the challenge, and several people subsequently uploaded videos onto the Internet of themselves attempting the challenge.
The stunt poses potential choking hazards.

## Water drop

The later challenge, popularised in November 2015, involves filling a condom with water and filming it being dropped on one's head. This often results in the condom enveloping and adhering to the participant's face, giving the impression that they have somehow became immersed in the water held within the condom. The Guardian newspaper noted the danger in putting an airtight seal over one's nose and mouth.
# Loch Essan

Loch Essan is a freshwater trout loch, located 2 miles north of Loch Dochart, within the Stirling Council Area, Scotland.

## Settlements

On the mid north coast of the loch is the remains of four Shieling hut with no roofs. The huts would have been used as lodges for shepherds, summer livestock grazers, and much later, after the Highland Clearances, fly fisherman, before they fell into disrepair due to lack of maintenance. The loch now a bothy, a former 3 roomed shepherd's cottage.
# LogLogic

LogLogic is a technology company that specializes in Security Management, Compliance Reporting, and IT Operations products. LogLogic developed the first appliance-based log management platform. LogLogic's Log Management platform collects and correlates user activity and event data. LogLogic's products are used by many of the world's largest enterprises to rapidly identify and alert on compliance violations, policy breaches, cyber attacks, and insider threats.

## History

LogLogic was founded in 2002 by Jason DeStefano, Thomas Grabowski, and Peter Jordan in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The company was established to help IT system administrators automate the management of log data and diagnose system problems.
In 2009, LogLogic released database security and compliance management products and acquired Exaprotect, a security information and event management (SIEM) company.
In 2012, the company was acquired by TIBCO, a software solutions company.

## Products

LogLogic makes a computer appliance that IT system administrators, compliance managers, CIOs and CiSOs can use to collect logs and events from network devices, servers, databases, operating systems and applications. The appliances also translate various log formats, search through logs, generate alerts and create graphs with logging trends.
LogLogic products help in several industry compliance mandates and standards, such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and Sarbanes–Oxley (SOX).
# LogDog

LogDog is a mobile Intrusion Detection System (IDS) app. It monitors various online accounts and scans multiple indicators that are associated with unauthorized access by taking into account a user’s routine across various devices and services. The app is currently available for Android and iOS.

## Overview

LogDog was developed by LogDog Information Security Ltd., which was founded in 2013 by Uri Brison, CEO of the Tel-Aviv, Israel-based company. Brison was head of user-experience at modu, and co-founded Smartype, an innovative keyboard.
The company raised $3.5 million in venture funding led by BRM Group, from TheTime VC, FirstTime Ventures, Maxfield Capital and Curious Minds Investments.
LogDog was initially released for Android in 2014, followed by iOS version in 2016.

## Features

LogDog protects users’ private online information against hacking by actively monitoring accounts for signs of suspicious activity. The services LogDog protects include: Gmail, Yahoo, Twitter, Facebook, Dropbox and Evernote. If a hacker attempts to gain access to any of the connected accounts, the user receives an alert that there is unauthorized access. It also provides an Inbox Detective service that scans the user's email account for any potential threats and assists in eliminating them.
LogDog has Android and iOS versions. Once a user installs the app on a supported device, it invites the user to add protection for each of the supported account types. The login data remains on the user own device, is never transmitted and vanishes when the user uninstall the app. LogDog's Privacy policy states that it does not collect User's passwords and does not store them on servers. It also supports two-factor authentication for Gmail and Facebook.
Techinasia magazine listed LogDog as one of the Israeli startups to follow closely in 2016.
# Pseudothrombocytopenia

Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) or spurious thrombocytopenia is an in-vitro sampling problem which may mislead the diagnosis towards the more critical condition of thrombocytopenia. The phenomenon may occur when the anticoagulant used while testing the blood sample causes clumping of platelets which mimics a low platelet count. The phenomenon has first been reported in 1969.

## Causes

EDTA-dependent agglutination
In some individuals, clinically insignificant antibodies may cause in vitro agglutination of platelets. As a result of platelet clumping, platelet counts reported by automated counters may be much lower than the actual count in the blood because these devices cannot differentiate platelet clumps from individual cells. Pseudothrombocytopenia has been reported in association with the use of EDTA as an anticoagulant, with platelet cold agglutinins, and with multiple myeloma. Other risk factors associated with pseudothrombocytopenia are autoimmune diseases, infections, pregnancy and the treatment with some medications such as low-molecular-weight heparin, valproic acid, insulin, antibiotics and chemotherapy medications like sunitinib.
The prevalence of pseudothrombocytopenia in K2-EDTA reported in different studies ranges from 0.03 to 0.27 percent in outpatients, which accounts for 15 to 30 percent of all cases of isolated thrombocytopenia. Tests can mistake small clumps of platelets for leukocytes, thus showing a pseudo­leukocytosis in blood counts.
Platelet satellitism
Platelet rosetting, or satelliting, around white blood cells can lead to undercounting by automated analyzers.
Clotted samples
Coagulation within the sample leads to undercounting, because the analyzer samples the liquid part of the blood, while some of the platelets remain in the tube, trapped in the clot.  Overfilling the sample, or inadequately mixing with anticoagulant, may allow small clots to form. Unlike platelet clumps, clots usually cannot be detected by reviewing the peripheral blood smear, but may be detected by probing with wooden sticks, including checking under the cap.

## Failsafes and avoiding false-positives

A pseudothrombocytopenia false-positive result may occur when automated platelet counting devices are used. As a means of double checking the results, the patient's blood sample is often examined under a microscope. If the clumping is visible and the number of platelets appears normal, pseudothrombocytopenia may be concluded. A second sample run with a different anticoagulant such as sodium citrate (blue top tube) to confirm the finding of pseudothrombocytopenia may be requested if there are doubts or concerns. Other alternative anticoagulants are sodium fluoride, CPT (trisodium citrate, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and tris), CTAD (citrate, theophylline, adenosine, and dipyridamole), magnesium sulfate and acid-citrate-dextrose.
# Pseudothonalmus divisus

Pseudothonalmus divisus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chevrolat in 1858.
# Lois Sheffield

Lois Marie Sheffield played briefly for the South Bend Blue Sox of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League in 1952. She was born June 15, 1933, in Wellington, Ohio, and died in Wellington on November 17, 2014.
# Llavea

Llavea is a monotypic genus of fern in the family Pteridaceae. The sole species is Llavea cordifolia. It is often cultivated as an ornamental foliage plant. The genus was named in honour of Pablo de La Llave, a Mexican naturalist.
Recent cladistic studies have shown that this genus forms a natural group with Cryptogramma and Coniogramme, a group that is sister to all the other pteridoid ferns. This group has been published as the Cryptogrammoideae, one of five subfamilies of the Pteridaceae.
# Llauta District

Llauta District is one of twenty-one districts of the Lucanas Province in Peru.

## Geography

One of the highest mountains of the district is Hatun Kunturillu at approximately 4,400 m (14,400 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Arpa Rumi
* Atuq Urqu
* Chuqllu
* Illachayuq
* Illayuq
* Kintu Qaqa
* Mawk'a Llaqta
* Pukara
* Puma Ranra
* Qullpa Mach'ay
* Q'ala Urqu
* Q'illu Sura
* Rit'i Qaqa
* Silla Q'asa
* Urqun Kancha
* Wamanripayuq
* Warawara
* Wawqiyuq
* Winku P'ukru
* Yana Chaka
* Yana Qaqa
* Yana Sura
# Pseudhammus feae

Pseudhammus feae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1910. It is known from Saint Thomas in the US Virgin Islands.
# Pseudhammus longicornis

Pseudhammus longicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1959.
# Oormelalagiyan

Oormelalagiyan (also transliterated as Oormenialagiyan, Urmenialagiyan, Urmelalagiyan, and Oormelalagian) is a village in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Tenkasi and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) Courtallam. It is geographically well positioned with a "Lord Ganesh" temple in the entrance of the village and housing scenic views of Western Ghats and drizzling winds from there.
The village is also known for their peoples’ artistic talents for several decades. Their reach is beyond the boundaries of village and contributions have been appreciated even in present-day stylish Tamil film industry. At least 15 known cinematographers were from this village.
It won the president award (2009) for its hygiene.
* This Tirunelveli district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pseudominthodes

Pseudominthodes is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Pseudominthodes scutellaris Townsend, 1933

## Distribution

South Africa.
# Pseudomogrus

Pseudomogrus is a genus of jumping spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1937.

## Taxonomy

First described by Eugène Simon in 1937, Pseudomogrus was synonymized with Yllenus by Jerzy Prószyński in 1968. In 2016, Prószyński erected a new genus, Logunyllus, for some species of Yllenus. Logunyllus was declared a junior synonym of Pseudomogrus in 2019.
Under the synonym Logunyllus, Prószyński placed the genus in his informal group "yllenines", with Yllenus as a representative genus. In Maddison's 2015 classification of the family Salticidae, Yllenus is placed in the tribe Leptorchestini, part of the Salticoida clade of the subfamily Salticinae.

### Species

As of September 2020 it contained the following species:
* Pseudomogrus albifrons (Lucas, 1846) — North Africa, Middle East
* Pseudomogrus albocinctus (Kroneberg, 1875) — Turkey to China
* Pseudomogrus algarvensis (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Portugal
* Pseudomogrus auriceps (Denis, 1966) — Libya
* Pseudomogrus bactrianus (Andreeva, 1976) — Tajikistan
* Pseudomogrus bakanas (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Kazakhstan
* Pseudomogrus bucharaensis (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan
* Pseudomogrus caspicus (Ponomarev, 1978) — Russia (Europe), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan
* Pseudomogrus dalaensis (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Kazakhstan
* Pseudomogrus dumosus Logunov & Schäfer, 2019 — Spain (Canary Islands)
* Pseudomogrus gavdos (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Canary Is., Algeria, Italy (Sardinia), Greece (Crete)
* Pseudomogrus guseinovi (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan
* Pseudomogrus halugim (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Israel
* Pseudomogrus improcerus (Wesolowska & van Harten, 1994) — Yemen
* Pseudomogrus knappi (Wesolowska & van Harten, 1994) — Sudan, Yemen
* Pseudomogrus logunovi (Wesolowska & van Harten, 2010) — United Arab Emirates
* Pseudomogrus mirabilis (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
* Pseudomogrus mirandus (Wesolowska, 1996) — Turkmenistan
* Pseudomogrus nigritarsis (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Turkmenistan
* Pseudomogrus nurataus (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Uzbekistan
* Pseudomogrus pavlenkoae (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Kazakhstan
* Pseudomogrus pseudovalidus (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan
* Pseudomogrus ranunculus (Thorell, 1875) — Algeria
* Pseudomogrus saliens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) — North Africa, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
* Pseudomogrus salsicola (Simon, 1937) — France to Israel
* Pseudomogrus shakhsenem (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Turkmenistan
* Pseudomogrus squamifer (Simon, 1881) — Portugal, Spain
* Pseudomogrus tamdybulak (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Uzbekistan
* Pseudomogrus tschoni (Caporiacco, 1936) — Libya, Egypt, Israel, United Arab Emirates
* Pseudomogrus univittatus (Simon, 1871) — France, Turkey, possibly Turkmenistan
* Pseudomogrus validus (Simon, 1889) — Central Asia to Mongolia
* Pseudomogrus vittatus (Thorell, 1875) — Eastern Europe to Kazakhstan
* Pseudomogrus zaraensis (Logunov, 2009) — Turkey
* Pseudomogrus zhilgaensis (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) — Kazakhstan
# Pseudomogoplistes

Pseudomogoplistes is a genus of crickets in the family Mogoplistidae, erected by AV Gorochov in 1984. The recorded distribution of species is Europe and North Africa.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:
* Pseudomogoplistes byzantius Gorochov, 1995
* Pseudomogoplistes madeirae Gorochov & Marshall, 2001
* Pseudomogoplistes squamiger (Fischer, 1853) - type species (as Gryllus squamiger Fischer)
* Pseudomogoplistes turcicus Gorochov, 1995
* Pseudomogoplistes vicentae Gorochov, 1996
# Pseudosphex singularis

Pseudosphex singularis is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is found in Pará, Brazil.
# Cenulph

Cenulph may refer to:
* Coenwulf of Mercia (died AD 821), King of Mercia
* Cynewulf of Wessex (died AD 786), King of Wessex