OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iris XVI

Iris XVI was a chestnut racehorse belonging to the French army, executed by German soldiers on June 14, 1940, for the act of resisting.

## History

The horse was admitted to Saint-Cyr in 1936. The captain Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (the future Marshal Leclerc), then instructor at Saint-Cyr, participated in the military training of Iris XVI. Renowned for his difficult character, Iris XVI did not fail to disconcert his riders. Captain Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque owed his limp and cane to a fall from Iris XVI's back, resulting in a fractured tibia, with lifelong sequelae. This part of the history of Iris XVI remains unverifiable, due to its age.
Iris XVI had become an excellent racehorse, particularly in the steeple-chase on Maisons-Laffitte racecourses. He was not ridden in the race by captain Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque because he was too tall and heavy. When captain Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque was deployed to Africa, the horse continued his racing career with Captain Jean Fanneau de La Horie, with whom he gained notoriety in Nazi Germany. Iris XVI was not mobilized during the Second World War, because of his notoriety or unsuitability.

### Act of resistance

On June 14, 1940, Saint-Cyr was captured by the Germans. One of the German commanders asked to see the horse that had beaten him in a past race, one of his soldiers went to look for him. Iris XVI gave the soldier a violent blow with his hoof. The German soldier died instantly. Iris XVI was executed a few moments later for an act of resistance.
Marshal Leclerc de Hautecloque is said to have commented on the case by stating "He was as patriotic as his master."

## Description

Iris XVI is described as a chestnut or roan horse, very lively, with a bad character. There is only one portrait by André Marchand representing him in the Grande carrière de Saint-Cyr, kept by Marshal Leclerc's family. The horse carries three stockings and an extended stripe on his face.
# Marpissa muscosa

Marpissa muscosa is a species of jumping spider.
On average, females have body length ranging from 7.5–14mm, whereas males have a body length ranging from 6–8.1mm. Both sexes are coloured grey to brown. The whole spider has a furry appearance and is flattened in shape.
The species builds a kind of nest under the bark of dead trees. Up to 100 of these nests can occur side by side. As other species of Marpissa spiders, it demonstrates a social hierarchy: weaker animals will acknowledge their inferiority by strutting their front legs and slowly retreating from the scene. Early environmental conditions shape personality types in the developing spiders.

## Distribution

Marpissa muscosa lives in the Palaearctic.
Though rare in England, it is found throughout the country, more in the south and east. The species is widespread in northern Europe.

## Habitat

These spiders are typically found on spruce and pine trees, under bark, in moor- and heathland, and around buildings.
# Irreligion in Nigeria

Irreligion in Nigeria (specifically the "non-religious") was measured at four percent of the population in 2012, with convinced atheists at one percent. As in many parts of Africa, there is a great amount of stigma attached to being an atheist in addition to institutionalized discrimination that leads to treatment as "second-class citizens."
In a 2010 poll by Pew Research Center 51% of Nigerian Muslims agreed with the death penalty for leaving Islam. In some parts of Nigeria, there are even anti-blasphemy laws.
In 2017, the Humanist Association of Nigeria gained formal government recognition after a 17-year struggle. This was followed by recognition of the Atheist Society of Nigeria, the Northern Nigerian Humanist Association and the Nigerian Secular Society.

## List of non-religious Nigerians

* Bisi Alimi
* Leo Igwe
* Seun Kuti
* Seun Osewa
* Mubarak Bala
* Tai Solarin
* Wole Soyinka
* Marcel Ichie Nnaemeka
# Qiu Renzong

Qiu Renzong (邱仁宗, c. 1933) is a Chinese bioethicist. He is a senior research fellow emeritus at China's Institute of Philosophy, and chair of the Academic Committee at the Centre for Bioethics at Peking Union Medical College. China Daily writes that he is regarded as the scholar who 30 years ago introduced bioethics to China.
Qiu published a paper in 2002 arguing for the recognition in China of animal rights, and introducing the idea of speciesism. He argued in favour of a gradualist approach to the recognition of rights, rejecting the abolitionist approach as unrealistic. His paper was criticized by Zhao Nanyuan, a professor at Tsinghua University, who wrote that animal rights arguments are foreign ideas and are "anti-humanity."
Qiu was awarded the 2009 UNESCO Avicenna Prize for Ethics in Science and he shared the Hastings Center's Henry Knowles Beecher Award with Solomon R. Benatar in 2011.

## Selected works

* Bioethics: Asian Perspectives: A Quest for Moral Diversity. Springer, 2004.
# Isaban, West Virginia

Isaban is an unincorporated community located on Fourpole Creek, in McDowell and Mingo counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
The community's name is an amalgamation of the names Isabel and Ann.
# Marsha Barbour

Marsha Dickson Barbour (born in Monroeville, Alabama) was the first lady of the U.S. state of Mississippi from 2004 to 2012. She is the wife of Mississippi's 63rd governor, Haley Barbour.
Marsha Barbour grew up in Monroeville, Alabama. She moved with her family to Canton, Mississippi in 1965. She graduated from Canton High School and the University of Mississippi with a Bachelor of Business Administration in 1970.
Marsha and Haley Barbour were married in December 1971 in Canton, Mississippi. After the wedding, the couple moved to his hometown of Yazoo City, Mississippi. They have two adult sons.
Following Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, she worked on relief efforts along the Mississippi Gulf Coast.
# Irina Gabashvili

Irina Gabashvili (15 August 1960 – 23 March 2009) was a Georgian-born Soviet gymnast. She began gymnastics at age 10 and was coached by Neli Saladze. She was the 1979 World individual all-around bronze medalist.

## Personal life

Born in Tbilisi, Gabashvili began gymnastics at age 10 and was coached by Neli Saladze. She was the 1979 World individual all-around bronze medalist. She earned a degree in history from Georgia State University and later a degree in physical culture education. Her sister, Eka, was a decade younger and a Georgian national junior high jump champion in 1985. Eka's coach, Serge Maevski, became a good friend of the family, then a good friend of Irina's. Romance blossomed, and they married on 7 April 1984. Their son, Dmitri, was born in 1986 after she had retired from competition.
In 1993, Irina was offered a position of coach for the Malaysian rhythmic team. She took the team from last place in 1994 to first place in the 1998 Commonwealth Games. She spent seven years coaching the Malaysian gymnastics team, which won the team gold at the 1998 Commonwealth Games. She moved to the U.S. in May 2000. Gabashvili coached in the United States from 2000 to 2008 and was a coach at Westside Gymnastics Academy in Portland, Oregon along with Wuling Stephenson and Bettina Megowan.

## Marriage

She was married to Serge Maevski and had a son, Dmitri Maevski.

## Death

Irina Gabashvili was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2004. She underwent chemotherapy, but the cancer eventually returned. She died on 23 March 2009 in Vancouver, Washington, aged 48. A memorial service was held at Holy New Martyrs of Russia Orthodox Church in Mulino, Oregon.
# Isabel Arends

Isabel W.C.E. Arends (born 1966) is a Dutch chemist and professor of biocatalysis and organic chemistry at Utrecht University. She was appointed dean of its Faculty of Science in July 2018. Her research specializes in environmentally-friendly, or 'green', chemistry; for example, using enzymes as biocatalysts while avoiding the need for toxic solvents.

## Academic career

Arends studied physical organic chemistry at Leiden University between 1984 and 1988, obtaining an MsC. In 1993 she obtained her PhD at the same university with a thesis titled: 'Thermolysis of arene derivatives with coal-type hydrogen donors', studying with Prof. Rob Louw and Dr. Peter Mulder. Following graduation, Arends spent a year as a postdoctoral researcher in Ottawa, Canada at the Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences. She joined Delft University of Technology in 1995, and was awarded a research fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) in the field of biomimetic oxidations.
Between 2001 and 2006 she worked as associate and assistant professor at Delft University of Technology. In 2007 she was promoted to full professor of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry. She served as the chair of the Biotechnology Department at Delft University of Technology from 2013 to 2018, vice-chair of the Applied and Engineering Sciences domain of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, and founded the TU Delft Bioengineering Institute in 2016.
Arends was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) in 2017.
# Bussey Lake

Bussey Lake is a backwater lake on the Iowa side of the Upper Mississippi River located about 2 miles (3.2 km) above Lock and Dam No. 10, at Guttenberg, Iowa. The lake is joined by many rivers and creeks such as Buck Creek.
Measuring 213 acres (0.86 km$^2$), it is part of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.

## Sources

* ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bussey Lake
* Army Corps of Engineers, Bussey Lake Habitat Project, Guttenberg, Iowa
# Quality (physics)

In response theory, the quality of an excited system is related to the number of excitation frequencies to which it can respond. In the case of a homogeneous, isotropic system, the quality is proportional to the FWHM.
This sense of the phrase is the precursor of the usage of the word in music theory. In music theory, quality is the number of harmonics of a fundamental frequency of an instrument (the higher the quality, the richer the sound).
# Marshall Street, Syracuse

Marshall Street, or "M" Street, is a street in the University Hill neighborhood in Syracuse, New York, adjacent to Syracuse University. Marshall Street often refer to the commercial area including and surrounding the 100 Block of Marshall Street. This area primarily functions as an off-campus commercial area for college students.

## History

Marshall Street is believed to be named for Louis Marshall (1856–1929), a Syracuse native, corporate and constitutional lawyer, and Trustee of Syracuse University, who helped reestablish the New York State College of Forestry (now SUNY-ESF) at Syracuse University. The 100 block of Marshall Street received the honorary name Louis Marshall Way in 2006. Historians are unsure if the street originally honored Louis Marshall, who only reached prominence after the turn of the twentieth century. The Marshall Square Mall is also located adjacent to Marshall Street. The area is promoted by the Crouse-Marshall Business Association. Marshall Street has been renovated many times over the years.
# Marshall Street Armory

The Marshall Street Armory (also known as the Lansing Artillery Michigan National Guard Armory) is a former armory for the Michigan National Guard. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

## History

The first military unit in Lansing was founded in 1876, and in 1878 the group changed their name to the "Governor's Guards." A second unit, Battery A, First Field Artillery, was organized in 1905. Armories for these early units were likely rented structures. In 1920, the Michigan National Guard was reorganized, and the Lansing unit renamed the 119th Field Artillery, 32nd Division. A riding hall was constructed for the unit in 1922, and in 1923 the state legislature appropriated the money to construct an armory. This armory constructed in 1924 from a design by state architect Lynn W. Fry.
During the 1920s and 1930s, the armory was used for social events such as weddings, boxing matches and community gatherings. The building was renovated in 1941, and put to use during wartime. After the close of World War II, the building was again used for community events. In 2005, the Michigan National Guard was reorganized, and the Lansing unit moved to Charlotte, Michigan. The armory was sold to a private developer. It was renovated, and reopened in 2012 to house non-profit organizations.

## Description

The Marshall Street Armory is a rectangular two-story, red-brick, Tudor Revival structure with a raised basement and limestone trim. The front facade is symmetrical and seven bays wide, with a projecting entrance bay located in the center bay. The entrance is through a set of three doors with arched top transoms, located within a stone Tudor arch containing a carved stone eagle. Above are three single windows topped by a large stone band and stone trim along the top of the wall. On either side of the entrance bay are heavy brick piers. The three bays on each side are separated by brick piers, each bay has pairs of windows on each floor. The wide stone band continues through these bays, and contains blind arches above the windows. The entire wall is topped by a brick parapet wall.
The building is three bays deep, with similar treatments on the side bays. The rear of the building is seven bays long, and is divided into three sections. The center section is not quite two stories tall above the basement, while the side sections are a single story. One side has a lower ground level and an access into the lower level of the building.
# Ishikawa District

Ishikawa District can refer to two districts in Japan:
* Ishikawa District, Ishikawa
* Ishikawa District, Fukushima
# Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 6 (1944)

Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 6 (1944) is the sixth volume of Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories, which is a series of short story collections, edited by Isaac Asimov and Martin H. Greenberg, which attempts to list the great science fiction stories from the Golden Age of Science Fiction. They date the Golden Age as beginning in 1939 and lasting until 1963. The book was later reprinted as the second half of Isaac Asimov Presents The Golden Years of Science Fiction, Third Series with the first half being Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 5 (1943). This volume was originally published by DAW books in December 1981.

## Contents

* "Far Centaurus" by A. E. van Vogt
* "Deadline" by Cleve Cartmill
* "The Veil of Astellar" by Leigh Brackett
* "Sanity" by Fritz Leiber
* "Invariant" by John R. Pierce
* "City" by Clifford D. Simak (different story from the novel of the same name)
* "Arena" by Fredric Brown
* "Huddling Place" by Clifford D. Simak
* "Kindness" by Lester del Rey
* "Desertion" by Clifford D. Simak
* "When the Bough Breaks" by Lewis Padgett
* "Killdozer!" by Theodore Sturgeon
* "No Woman Born" by C. L. Moore
# Quickstart guide

A quick-start guide or quickstart guide (QSG), also known as a quick reference guide (QRG), is in essence a shortened version of a manual, meant to make a buyer familiar with their product as soon as possible. This implies the use of a concise step-based approach that allows the buyer to use a product without any delay, if necessary including the relevant steps needed for installation. A quick start guide, or QSG for short, focuses on the most common instructions, often accompanying such instructions with easy-to-understand illustrations. The appearance of a QSG can vary significantly from product to product and from manufacturer to manufacturer. For example, it could be a single A4 sheet, a folded card or a booklet consisting of only a few pages.

## Background

Quick start guides are becoming more popular by the day, mainly because of the growing complexity of consumer products such as television sets, cell phones, cars and software applications. This growing complexity has led to manuals that are constantly growing in size, making them less attractive to read. A QSG should solve this problem: not only by focusing on the most basic instructions, but also by using visual information that is easy to understand. This approach should save time on the part of the user, giving him less stress while at the same time contributing to his self-confidence. As a result, users may conclude that using a product is not as difficult as they initially might have thought, hopefully leading to a growing willingness to tackle more complex tasks and, thus, exploring the product to the fullest of its extent.

## Relevance

When designing a QSG, the most important question is how to filter out the most basic instructions that are the most useful to the average user. The answer to this question primarily depends on two things: the ability of the QSG writer to place himself in the shoes of the user and the product itself. As for the latter: a product that basically only needs some instructions to install it properly after which it functions continuously, is relatively easy to ‘capture’ in a QSG. Also, products that offer a broad variety of tasks of which in reality only a few really matter, lend themselves for a QSG. An example of such a product would be a software application. If the main tasks in such an application would be not more than a handful, then a QSG on a double-sided card could be an effective solution. If tasks would become more complicated of nature, one can refer to the complete manual.

## Requirements

The requirements for setting up a quick start guide are not set in stone. It is up to the technical writer to become familiar with the mindset of the user, as well as with the character of the product. This being said, there is indeed a legal obligation, namely to refer to the complete manual (see the international IEC-82079 standard). Also, it is imperative to include instructions for safe use of the product in any QSG.
# Marshall McGearty Lounge

The Marshall McGearty Lounge was established in 2005, in the Wicker Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, by the R.J. Reynolds tobacco company. The company intended it to be the United States' "first upscale, luxury lounge dedicated to the smoking of cigarettes". The lounge specialized in cigarettes "hand-crafted" (not hand-rolled) on the premises.
The lounge closed on January 14, 2008, the "first casualty" of Chicago legislation banning smoking from nearly all establishments, including bars and restaurants, throughout the city. The lounge opened the same week in 2005 that the Chicago City Council passed the anti-smoking ordinance.
# Ishwari Neupane

Ishwari Neupane is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from the Khas people category.
# C. C. Countess

C. C. Countess was a college football player from Duncanville, Alabama. He was the first All-Southern player for the Alabama Crimson Tide.
# Quirino Stadium

The President Elpidio Quirino Stadium, simply known as the Quirino Stadium is a sports facility in the town of Bantay, Ilocos Sur, Philippines.

## History

The Quirino Stadium was inaugurated in 1953 by then President Elpidio Quirino, the namesake of the sports venue and hosted the 6th Palarong Pambansa, a national multi-sport event for students.
The sports facility underwent an Ilocos Sur government-funded rehabilitation from February 2014 to April 2016 Firmbuilders, Inc. was involved in the rehabilitation of the sports facility. The Quirino Stadium had a re-inauguration on April 30, 2016. The rehabilitation was done as part of Ilocos Sur's unsuccessful bid to host the 2017 edition of the Palarong Pambansa though the facility later became part of the province's successful bid for the 2018 edition of the games.
A historical marker at the stadium was unveiled on February 2, 2018 to commemorate the bicentennial foundation anniversary of the province of Ilocos Sur.

## Facilities

Prior to the Quirino Stadium's rehabilitation which completed in April 2016, the sports facility used to be unadorned. The stadium's blue rubberized athletics track, basketball and lawn tennis courts, as well as its artificial grass football pitch were installed as part of the 2016 renovations. The stadium has a seating capacity of 5,000 but it can hold as much as 7,000 people.
A beach volleyball court is being installed inside the stadium. A covered court for indoor sports, a swimming pool and billeting quarters were also planned to be built in a later date.

## Events
### Athletics

The Quirino Stadium has also hosted the Region 1 Athletic Association meet, an athletics tournament for sportspeople from the Ilocos Region. It hosted the regional tournament in 2017.

### Multi-sport

The Palarong Pambansa, a national students' games, has been hosted at the Quirino Stadium when the venue was inaugurated in 1953. The stadium will host events of the 2018 edition of the games. The 2017 edition of the Batang Pinoy tournament has also been hosted in the stadium.

### Football

The Quirino Stadium hosted the first international match of the Philippine national football team in Northern Luzon against Australian club Perth Glory FC. The match was attended by 6,000 people on June 26, 2016 ended in a 0–2 defeat for the Philippine national side.Ilocos United F.C. used the stadium as their home venue during the inaugural season of the Philippines Football League in 2017.
# Markwood, West Virginia

Markwood is an unincorporated community located along U.S. Route 50/U.S. Route 220 (also known as the Northwestern Turnpike) in the Mill Creek Valley west of Burlington in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States. The ZIP code for Markwood is 26710.

## Historic sites

* Travelers Rest Travelers Rest is located on U.S Route 50, west of Burlington in Mineral County. It was built for the wagon trains going west and would house the travelers in a large rock house, and feed and water the horses before going over the mountains. Currently it is better known as the "Stone House".
John T. McDowell (born 1870) and Luke Markwood, saw a need for a place of worship. Mr. Markwood donated the land upon which was built a church and a school, therefore giving the community the name of Markwood.
# Markwell

Markwell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Diego Markwell (born 1980), Dutch baseball player
* Don Markwell, talk radio personality in Montgomery, Alabama
* Donald Markwell (born 1959), Australian social scientist and college president
* Terry Markwell an American born actress, born in Phoenix, Arizona
# Quintus Fulvius Nobilior

Quintus Fulvius Nobilior was a Roman consul who obtained the consulship in 153 BC.
His father Marcus Fulvius Nobilior and his brother Marcus Fulvius Nobilior (consul 159 BC) were also consuls.
Nobilior and his father were patrons of the writer Quintus Ennius.

## Career

In 153 BC, Quintus Fulvius Nobilior was in charge of a 30.000 strong army to campaign in Spain, which was largely unsuccessful. The Roman army was initially deployed against the oppidum of Segeda, whose Celtiberian inhabitants, the Belli, had been expanding its walls and attacking other nearby tribes. Segeda was destroyed, but the Belli assembled an army under chieftain Carus, which ambushed the Roman army in a move compared to the Battle of Lake Trasimene, inflicting heavy losses. Moving west to the meseta, Nobilior laid siege to Numantia, an oppidum whose inhabitants were to give Rome trouble for years and had sheltered the Belli when they fled their city. The Roman army faced difficult conditions in the winter and had to withdraw. Nobilior was replaced as consul in 152 BC by Marcus Claudius Marcellus.
He was censor with Appius Claudius Pulcher, probably in 136 BC.
The Roman camp at Renieblas in Spain may have been Q. Fulvius Nobilior's winter quarters.

## Cultural impact

Nobilior was designated consul in 154 BC, however his appointment could not come into effect until the Ides of March, the day for settling debts that marked the end of the calendar year. To overcome this obstacle, and recognizing the need for immediate action, the Roman Senate decreed January 1 as the new beginning to the civil year.