OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mary Butterworth

Mary Peck Butterworth (July 27, 1686 – February 7, 1775) was a counterfeiter in colonial America.

## Biography

Born to Joseph and Martha Peck in Rehoboth, Massachusetts, Mary married John Butterworth, son of a British captain in 1710. Mary allegedly started her counterfeiting operation around 1716. According to those who would later testify against her, she used starched cotton cloths to produce counterfeit bills, rather than the metal plates used more commonly in counterfeiting.
Using a slightly dampened piece of starched cloth she was able to lift ink from a genuine bill. With a hot iron, she transferred a pattern from the cloth to a blank paper bill, then inked the pattern by hand with quill pens. The original cotton cloth was easily disposed of through burning, leaving no hard evidence of a crime. Butterworth allegedly organized her counterfeiting operation into a cottage industry, sternly overseeing the work of the entire family. At the height of her operation, she was reportedly selling counterfeit bills at half their face value.
Colonial authorities knew of an extensive counterfeiting ring operating somewhere in the Rhode Island area throughout the later half of the 1710s, and felt it was beginning to have a damaging impact on the entire colonial economy. In 1722 colonial authorities became suspicious of Mary Butterworth after her husband John purchased a large, expensive new home for the family.
On August 14, 1723 a trial was held in Newport, Rhode Island. One Nicholas Campe testified he passed two counterfeit Rhode Island bills he obtained through Butterworth. Two of Butterworth's associates (her brother and his wife) turned state's evidence and also testified against her. Ultimately though, the court dismissed all charges against her for lack of hard evidence. Under the legal code of 1710 in colonial Rhode Island if any of the Butterworth family had been convicted of the crime of counterfeiting they would have faced severe punishment.
   [The offender] was to suffer the pains of having their ears cropped, to be whipped or fined at discretion and imprisoned as the nature of the offense requires, and to pay double damage to the persons defrauded. In case the offender had no estate, he should be set at work, or sold for any term of years which the discretion of the judges considered satisfactory.
After the trial, Mrs. Butterworth reportedly gave up counterfeiting. She died in 1775 in Bristol County, Massachusetts, aged 88.
# Railways (Conveyance of Mails) Act 1838

The Railways (Conveyance of Mails) Act 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 98) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which received royal assent on 14 August 1838. It required the transport of the Royal Mail by railways at a standardised fee.
The Act empowered the Postmaster-General to require the railway companies to "convey the mails", either by special trains or scheduled ones, at such times of the day and night as he would direct; he also had power to specify the guards or postal officials to be carried. However, he could not require they be conveyed any faster than the maximum rate prescribed by that railway's directors for first-class trains. The companies were to be subject to Post Office directions regarding the specifics of carriage. If required, a whole carriage was to be set aside exclusively for the post, or a separate carriage for sorting letters. The Postmaster-General could also require the mails be carried in Royal Mail coaches, not the company's carriages.
The Act did not specify a rate of payment, but rather left the remuneration to be agreed between the railways and the Postmaster-General, or if necessary settled by arbitration. These agreements were subject to alteration at a month's notice, though the Postmaster-General had the power to terminate the services of the railway companies without notice if compensation was paid. The penalty for refusing or neglecting to convey the mails was £20, and the railways could be required to post security by bond, under a penalty of £100 per day for neglect. Individual lessees of a railway, those not a body corporate or company, were not to be required to give security above £1,000. Finally, two arbitrators were to be appointed to mediate disputes between the Postmaster-General and the railway companies.
# Cabrutica River

Cabrutica River is a river of Venezuela. It is part of the Orinoco River basin.
# CBFC

CBFC may refer to:
* Central Board of Film Censors (estb. 1963), Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Pakistan
* Central Board of Film Certification (estb. 1952), Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India; formerly (1952-1983) the Central Board of Film Censors and the Bombay Board of Film Censors (1920-1951)
** Indian Cinematograph Committee, 1927 committee to study film censorship in British India
* Colwyn Bay F.C., Wales
* Craigmark Burntonians F.C., Scotland
* Cross-border fertility care or fertility tourism
# CBFX-FM

CBFX-FM (100.7 MHz) is a public non-commercial radio station in Montreal, Quebec. It is the flagship station of the Ici Musique Network and broadcasts in French.
Owned and operated by the government-owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (French: Société Radio-Canada), CBFX-FM is a Class C1 station. It transmits from the Mount Royal candelabra tower with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts. Its studios and offices, along with those of Ici Radio-Canada Première sister station CBF-FM, are located at Maison Radio-Canada on René Lévesque Boulevard.

## History

On March 13, 1946, the station began experimental broadcasts as VE9CB on 98.1 MHz. It received a full license on March 5, 1948, as CBF-FM, broadcasting at 95.1 MHz. For most of its early years, it simulcast co-owned CBF. Occasionally in the 1960s and 70s, it would break away from its AM counterpart to air special programming.
With the CBC's English-language FM network already established since the 1960s, plans were made to create a French-language FM network, with CBF-FM as its originating station. In 1971, in preparation for its role as the French FM flagship, CBF-FM swapped frequencies with CBM-FM. CBF-FM moved to 100.7, just vacated by CBM-FM, while that station moved to a new frequency, 93.5 MHz. The move not only allowed CBF-FM to boost its signal to a full 100,000 watts, but it also began to broadcast in stereo for the first time.
In 1972, La Chaîne Culturelle (The Cultural Network) was launched on four CBC-owned FM stations, CBF-FM in Montreal, CBOF-FM in Ottawa, CBV-FM in Quebec City and CBJ-FM in Chicoutimi. The network aired mostly classical music with some jazz and other arts programming.
In 1998, CBF-FM changed its call sign. Its AM sister station, CBF, moved to the FM band and picked up the CBF-FM call letters. That required the former CBF-FM to switch to a new call sign, CBFX-FM.
In 2004, the network was renamed Espace Musique. And in 2014, it became Ici Musique, still with 100.7 CBFX-FM as its originating station.

## Transmitters

$^1$ - On April 25, 2013, the CRTC approved the CBC's application to amend the licenses of CBFX's rebroadcasters at Trois-Rivières and Sherbrooke, with both stations broadcasting at least 20 minutes of local programming each week, with the remainder programming from the Espace Musique network. The Trois-Rivières repeater at 104.3 MHz will upgrade to an average ERP of 45,400 watts, and a maximum ERP of 100,000 watts (up from 43,000 watts max ERP currently) with an effective height above average terrain of 249.7 metres. The Sherbrooke transmitter at 90.7 MHz will keep its existing parameters with an ERP of 25,000 watts (non-directional antenna with an EHAAT of 173 metres).
Though CBFX-4 and CBFX-5 are technically rebroadcasters of CBFX, on-air idents show they actually rebroadcast Ottawa's CBOX-FM.
# Mary Many Days Robidoux

Mary Many Days Robidoux (c. 1805-29 June 1884) was the daughter of Joseph Robidoux and his second wife, a woman whose name is Juna.
Mary was the first generation of one of the main families of what is referred to as the Métis people, the offspring of European men who married Native American women. The Métis played a major role in the 19th century fur trade in Missouri and Kansas. Another prominent Métis family was that of Joseph Dorian who likely was related to two of Mary's daughters-in-law.
According to Thorne: "Here in 1805 Joseph Robidoux fathered a child, Mary, by an Indian woman. This daughter would marry Chief White Cloud of the Ioway, producing a chiefly line among that tribe. ... The kinship networks established between St. Louis independent traders and ranking native families in the years between 1800 and 1825 consolidated authority among the clan leaders linked to trader interests. Joseph Robidoux's French-Ioway daughter, Mary (Many Days), married Ioway chief White Cloud."
Mary married Chief Francis White Cloud some time before 1840. They had at least four children:
* James White Cloud, an Ioway chief
* Jefferson White Cloud, an Ioway chief
* Two daughters, both of which married Joseph Tesson.
Mary apparently married a second time to Francis H. Dupuis. She died on the Ioway Reservation on 29 June 1884.
# CSAO

CSAO may refer to:

## Companies

Conrail Shared Assets Operations, an American railroad company

## Organisations

Club du Sahel et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, a development organization from the Sahel.
# CSAIN Snia Milano

The CSAIN Snia Milano (previously simply Snia Milano) is an Italian athletics club based in Milan, via Fatebenefratelli nº4.

## Achievements

Snia Milano won 13 editions of the women's Italian Championships in Athletics for clubs (Campionati italiani di società di atletica leggera).
* 13 wins (1974, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991)

## Main athletes

Some of the most representative athletes in the history of SNIA Milan were the following.
# Master of Illusion

Master(s) of Illusion may refer to:
* Master of Illusion (album), an album by power metal band Power Quest
* Master of Illusion (video game), a magician simulation video game for the Nintendo DS
* Masters of Illusion (group), a hip-hop joint project of turntablist Kutmasta Kurt and emcees Kool Keith and Motion Man
** Masters of Illusion (album), the group's self-titled album
* Masters of Illusion (TV series), a televised magic show
* "Master of Illusion", a song by Gotthard from the album Domino Effect
* Mysterio, a Marvel Comics supervillain commonly referred to as the Master of Illusion
# CSB

CSB or csb can refer to:

## Organisations

* Civil Service Bureau of Hong Kong
* CSB Bank an Indian Bank based out of Thrissur, Kerala formerly known as Catholic Syrian Bank
* Canadian Society for Biomechanics
* Congregation of St. Basil
* Christian Service Brigade, a non-denominational Christian organization for men and boys in the United States and Canada.
* Crime Scene Boyz, a rap collective from Harlesden, London.
* Garda Crime and Security Branch (CSB), the national intelligence agency of the Garda Síochána, Ireland's police force
* Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin
* U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
* Confédération Syndicale Burkinabé, the Trade Union Confederation of Burkina
* Trade Union Confederation of Burundi (Confédération Syndicale du Burundi), a trade union confederation in Burundi
* 21 Air (ICAO:CSB), an American cargo airline from the United States based in Greensboro, North Carolina

### Schools

* Cambridge School of Bucharest in Romania
* Cree School Board, a school district in northern Quebec, Canada
* Connecticut School of Broadcasting, an American education institute.
* Christian Science Board of Lectureship, a teacher of Christian Science Church
* Cercle Sportif Brugeois, an old name of Cercle Brugge
* Central School of Ballet
* Cathedral School for Boys in San Francisco
* College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University
* Colegio San Benito in Puerto Rico
* De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde, of Manila

## People

* Chen Shui-bian, the former president of Taiwan
* Carlos Salvador Bilardo, football coach from Argentina

## Science, mathematics, and technology

* Client Side Blazor, .NET Code execution on browser side via WebAssembly
* An alias for ERCC6, a gene involved in Cockayne syndrome
* Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies
* Compressed soil block (compressed earth block), a building material
* Csb: warm-summer Mediterranean climate, under Köppen climate classification

## Scriptural translations

* Chinese Study Bible, a study Bible adapted from the ESV Study Bible
* Christian Standard Bible, a translation of the Bible in contemporary English

## Other

* California Shuttle Bus a passenger service between the San Francisco Bay Area and the Los Angeles area
* Canada Savings Bond
* Carshalton Beeches railway station (National Rail station code CSB), England, UK
* Kashubian language (ISO 639-2 and 639-3 alpha-3 code csb)
# Mary Robinson (clipper)

Mary Robinson was an 1854 medium clipper in the San Francisco, India, and the guano trades. She was known for having spent an entire month attempting to round Cape Horn in bad weather.

## Voyages

Mary Robinson made six voyages, from Boston to New York and then to San Francisco. In 1864, Mary ran her fastest run in 115 days. She was accompanied by Carrier Dove off Cape Horn on this trip, and beat Carrier Dove to San Francisco by 18 days.
On her maiden run, Mary Robinson was not as fortunate. She spent 30 days rounding Cape Horn in "heavy gales and continual snow storms".
During the commercial panic of 1857, Mary Robinson was one of the many American clippers that was put into the more profitable British trade between India and England.
Mary Robinson made a very fast passage in 1858. She made it in 58 days from San Francisco to Melbourne, continuing with 40 days from Melbourne to Honolulu.

## Guano trade and loss of the ship

In 1858, Mary Robinson loaded guano at Jarvis Island for New York. Mary Robinson was lost June 27, 1864, on a voyage from San Francisco at Howland's Island, in the Pacific (01°N 176°W﻿ / ﻿1°N 176°W﻿ / 1; -176﻿ (Mary Robinson)). She was loading guano when a squall drove her up on the reef. The next day she slid off and sunk in deep water, with 1300 tons of guano aboard.
# Masters W55 100 metres world record progression

This is the progression of world record improvements of the 100 metres W55 division of Masters athletics.

## Key

Incomplete information  Wind aided  Pending
| Hand | Auto | Wind | Athlete | Nationality | Birthdate | Age | Location | Date |
| | 12.15 | 1.9 | Mandy Mason | Australia | 16 December 1967 | 55 years, 350 days | Perth | 1 December 2023 |
| | 12.24 | 1.5 | Julie Brims | Australia | 7 January 1966 | 55 years, 37 days | Canberra | 13 February 2021 |
| | 12.34 | -0.7 | Julie Brims | Australia | 7 January 1966 | 55 years, 23 days | Brisbane | 30 January 2021 |
| | 12.80 | 1.4 | Nicole Alexis | France | 9 January 1960 | 55 years, 162 days | Ivry-sur-Seine | 20 June 2015 |
| | 13.30 | -1.3 | Phil Raschker | United States | 21 February 1947 | 55 years, 170 days | Orono | 10 August 2002 |
| | 13.43 | 0.2 | Brunhilde Hoffmann | Germany | 17 August 1939 | 56 years, 27 days | Wetzlar | 13 September 1995 |
| | 13.65 | 1.3 | Una Adella Gore | Great Britain | 18 June 1938 | 55 years, 119 days | Miyazaki | 15 October 1993 |
| | 13.84 | | Irene Obera | United States | 7 December 1933 | 55 years, 225 days | San Diego | 20 July 1989 |
| 13.6 | | | Shirley Peterson | New Zealand | 24 July 1928 | 55 years, 181 days | Christchurch | 21 January 1984 |
| | 13.90 | | Christel Franzen | Germany | 11 November 1928 | 57 years, 321 days | Malmö | 28 September 1986 |
# Cabardès AOC

Cabardès (French pronunciation:) is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for red and rosé wine in Languedoc-Roussillon wine region in France. Cabardès was named after the Lords of Cabaret who defended the Châteaux de Lastours against Simon de Montfort in 1209. Despite the name's medieval origins, this appellation is one of the youngest in France, having only become official in February 1999.

## History

The residents of the Cabardes region produced wine as early as the Roman occupation, but the modern appellation was made official only in 1999. It had previously been a VDQS wine under the alternative names Cabardès and Côtes du Cabardès et de l'Orbiel since 1973. The unique requirement of blending Mediterranean varieties and Atlantic varieties is the result of experimentation in cultivation and blending that began in the late 1970s.
As of 2007, these wines were relatively unknown in France, and their export, in terms of volume, is exceptionally rare due to limited production quantities and a relatively small marketing budget.

## Geography and climate

The vineyards of the Cabardes cover a mere 500 hectares on the northwestern border of the modern Languedoc-Roussillon region of France. This area runs up against the foothills of the Montagne Noire. The appellation really consists of a small grouping of villages directly north of the medieval walled city of Carcassonne. It is exceptionally small in size compared to the neighboring AOC areas like the 5,100 hectare-large Minervois or the 15,000 hectare behemoth of the Corbieres.
The soil composition varies between chalky clay, limestone and rocky foothill terroir. The weather is largely dominated by the powerful wind currents of the region, the dry, Atlantic vent Cers and the warm, Mediterranean vent Marin. The appellation's location where these winds meet on the border of two major French climatic zones creates a unique microclimate that has influenced its development as a winemaking region.

## Grapes

Most of the wine produced in the Cabardès is red, but rosé can also be produced under the AOC designation. The region is positioned on the cusp between the distinct climates of the Languedoc-Roussillon and the southwest of France. The appellation is the only AOC in France that permits the blending of grape varieties typically found in Mediterranean climates like Syrah and Grenache with varieties typically found in Atlantic climates like Merlot, Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon. Winemakers are required to grow 50% Atlantic varieties and 50% Mediterranean varieties, and must also blend them - the new requirements from 2011 rule that the proportions of both Atlantic or Mediterranean varieties must be 40% or higher. This varietal composition reflects the distinctive soil qualities and dominant winds of the area.
# Mastax saganicola

Mastax saganicola is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae with restricted distribution in the Ethiopia.
# Paradelphacodes

Paradelphacodes is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Delphacidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Paradelphacodes gvosdevi (Mitjaev, 1980)
* Paradelphacodes litoralis (Reuter, 1880)
# Lower Falls

Lower Falls may refer to:
* Lower Falls, a named section of Yellowstone Falls in Wyoming
* Lower Falls (District Electoral Area), in Belfast, Northern Ireland
* Lower Falls, West Virginia
* Lower Falls (Yarmouth, Maine)
* Newton Lower Falls, a village of Newton, Massachusetts
# Mitchell Shivers

Mitchell Everett Shivers (born November 19, 1947) is an American diplomat, national security official, and investment banker. He is currently the non-executive Chair of BlueQuartz Technologies LLC, and is a governor-appointed member of the New Jersey State Investment Council.

## Early life

Born in Brooklyn, New York, Mr. Shivers received his B.S. degree from Monmouth University in 1970. He then entered the U.S. Marine Corps as an infantry Second Lieutenant, experiencing combat in Vietnam with the Navy aboard the guided missile cruiser USS Oklahoma City (CLG-5). He was Honorably Discharged as a captain.

## Career

After the Marines, he joined Merrill Lynch, attended New York University’s graduate school of business, and had a succession of senior responsibilities in investment banking in New York, Singapore, and Tokyo. In 1981, he joined Great Britain's third largest merchant bank, Samuel Montagu & Co., in London as deputy head of global capital markets, a member of its management committee and the bank's board of directors. In 1985, he joined Kleinwort Benson Ltd., then Britain's largest merchant bank, as head of its United States securities businesses based in New York and president of Kleinwort Benson Inc.
Upon the sale of a Kleinwort subsidiary to Japan's Fuji Bank, he joined Fuji as president and CEO of Fuji Government Securities Inc., a leading primary dealer in US government securities. In 1995 he returned to Merrill Lynch as a managing director and shortly thereafter was named president of Merrill's new joint venture merchant bank in Jakarta, Indonesia. After a short assignment in London in 1998 to head the firm's global preparations for the arrival of Europe's single currency, the Euro, he returned to New York as head of global public credit origination.

### Department of Defense

In 2004 he was recruited by the U.S. Department of Defense to spend one year as a diplomat and senior advisor with the State Department's Afghanistan Reconstruction Group at US Embassy Kabul. For that assignment he was given a Presidential Award of Excellence by President Hamid Karzai. In 2006 he joined the Defense Department as a consultant in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. In 2007 Secretary Robert Gates appointed him Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Central Asia.
In 2008 he was appointed Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Asian and Pacific Security Affairs and Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense, Asian and Pacific Security Affairs. Following his role in this capacity, Shivers has given his opinion on political matters, including on President Donald Trump's early days in office, his restraint, and his approach to foreign diplomacy in Asia.

## Awards

He has twice been awarded the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service.
# Pterolophia binhana

Pterolophia binhana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1926.
# Carex timida

Carex timida is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to central and eastern parts of the United States.
# Rav Berona

R. Berona (or Rav Bruna, Beruna or Baruna; Hebrew: רב ברונא) was a Babylonian rabbi of the third century (second generation of amoraim).

## Biography

His principle teacher was Rav. He also submitted teachings in the name of Samuel of Nehardea.
It is told that R. Rabbi Ilai II was fond of him, and had asked Ulla when he arrives in Babylon to send his regards in the presence of all the members of the college, "for he is a great man and rejoices to perform a precept", since one day he managed to link Prayers of Redemption to the Amidah "and a smile did not leave his lips the whole day". He debated R. Judah ben Ezekiel.