OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Metro Éireann

Metro Éireann was an Irish multicultural tabloid newspaper. It was established in April 2000 by editor Chinedu Onyejelem and his colleague Abel Ugba, Nigerian-born journalists who had emigrated to Ireland. Based in Dublin, Metro Éireann focussed on issues affecting Ireland's immigrants.

## Founders

Editor Chinedu Onyejelem had previously worked on The Irish Times and The Irish Catholic before co-founding the paper. He is one of Ireland's most visible immigrants (now an Irish citizen) and was a recipient of a People of the Year Award in 2006 in recognition for his work on multiculturalism. Onyejelem is a member of the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs-NGO Standing Committee on Human Rights and is a fellow of the Transatlantic Forum on Migration and Integration. Co-founder Abel Ugba is now an academic at the University of East London.

## Publications

Metro Éireann frequently broke news stories of national significance. In 2007, it published an article which revealed the Garda Síochána's decision to disallow its officers from wearing religious headwear. This particular story led to a national debate in the mainstream media on issues pertaining to cultural integration, religious rights, assimilation, and Irishness. Other news stories have also led to intensified public debate through the years.
The newspaper was published fortnightly and featured columns from Ireland-based contributors from around the world, including Nigeria, Somalia, Pakistan, Israel, South Africa, Poland and the United States. It carried a dedicated Irish language section and strongly promoted minority sports such as women's rugby and martial arts. The Booker Prize–winning writer Roddy Doyle and American political commentator Charles Laffiteau were among its regular contributors. But because newspapers are dependent on printers being able to print, distributors being able to deliver copies around the country and shops being open for people to buy or pick up copies of its newspapers, the Irish government's March 2020 national lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic wiped out every part of this chain and forced Metro Éireann to cease publishing in April 2020.

## Events

Metro Éireann ran the annual MAMA (Media and Multicultural Awards) event and also devised complementing awards which involved various sections of Irish society: the business community through the Ethnic Entrepreneur of the Year Awards, launched by President Mary McAleese in 2007; the creative arts through the Metro Éireann Writing Awards (judged by Roddy Doyle); the musical community through the Dublin International Gospel Music Festival; and the Nigerian Diaspora via the Global Achievers Awards for Nigeria, which also honoured Irish people who have made positive contributions to Nigeria or the Nigerian communities (e.g. missionaries).
# Meshedness coefficient

In graph theory, the meshedness coefficient is a graph invariant of planar graphs that measures the number of bounded faces of the graph, as a fraction of the possible number of faces for other planar graphs with the same number of vertices. It ranges from 0 for trees to 1 for maximal planar graphs.

## Definition

The meshedness coefficient is used to compare the general cycle structure of a connected planar graph to two extreme relevant references. In one end, there are trees, planar graphs with no cycle. The other extreme is represented by maximal planar graphs, planar graphs with the highest possible number of edges and faces for a given number of vertices. The normalized meshedness coefficient is the ratio of available face cycles to the maximum possible number of face cycles in the graph. This ratio is 0 for a tree and 1 for any maximal planar graph.
More generally, it can be shown using the Euler characteristic that all n-vertex planar graphs have at most 2n − 5 bounded faces (not counting the one unbounded face) and that if there are m edges then the number of bounded faces is m − n + 1 (the same as the circuit rank of the graph). Therefore, a normalized meshedness coefficient can be defined as the ratio of these two numbers:
    $\alpha ={\frac {m-n+1}{2n-5}}.$
It varies from 0 for trees to 1 for maximal planar graphs.

## Applications

The meshedness coefficient can be used to estimate the redundancy of a network. This parameter along with the algebraic connectivity which measures the robustness of the network, may be used to quantify the topological aspect of network resilience in water distribution networks. It has also been used to characterize the network structure of streets in urban areas.

## Limitations

Using the definition of the average degree $\langle k\rangle =2m/n$, one can see that in the limit of large graphs (number of edges $n\gg 1$) the meshedness tends to
    $\alpha \approx {\frac {\langle k\rangle }{4}}-{\frac {1}{2}}$
Thus, for large graphs, the meshedness does not carry more information than the average degree.
# Mi Historia Musical

Mi Historia Musical may refer to:
* Mi Historia Musical (Jaci Velasquez album), 2004
* Mi Historia Musical (Juan Gabriel album), 2016
* Mi Historia Musical, Vol. 1, a 2023 album by Frank Reyes
** Mi Historia Musical, Vol. 2, the follow-up released in the same year
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2017 album by Aventura
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2008 album by Daniel Santos
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2004 album by Duelo
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2005 album by Emmanuel
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2008 album by Felipe Pirela
* Mi Historia Musical, a 1986 album by Frankie Ruiz
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2004 album by Jerry Rivera
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2016 album by Joan Sebastian
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2016 album by José José
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2005 album by Leonardo Paniagua
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2016 album by Redimi2
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2005 album by Rey Ruiz
* Mi Historia Musical, a 1992 album by Rudy La Scala
* Mi Historia Musical, a 2017 album by Silvestre Dangond
* Mi Historia Musical 20 Corridos, a 2010 album by Beto Quintanilla
* Mi Historia Musical – The Classic Years, a 2017 album by Celia Cruz
# Return of a Stranger

Return of a Stranger may refer to:
* Return of a Stranger (1937 film), a 1937 British drama film
* Return of a Stranger (1961 film), a 1961 British thriller film
# Mestwin

Mestwin may refer to:
* Mestwin I, Duke of Pomerania (1160–1217/1220), Duke of Eastern Pomerania in 1207–1220
* Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania (1220–1294), Duke of Pomerelia in 1266–1294
* Mestwin, Poland, a village in Pomerania
# Cassago-Nibionno-Bulciago railway station

Cassago-Nibionno-Bulciago railway station is a railway station in Italy. Located on the Monza–Molteno railway, it serves the municipality of Cassago Brianza in Lombardy. The train services are operated by Trenord.

## Train services

The station is served by the following service(s):
* Milan Metropolitan services (S7) Milan - Molteno - Lecco
| Preceding station | Milan suburban railway service | Milan suburban railway service | Milan suburban railway service | Following station |
| Costa Masnagatowards Lecco | | Trenord S7 | | Renate-Veduggiotowards Milano Porta Garibaldi |
# Mi Na (athlete)

Mi Na (Chinese: 米娜; pinyin: Mǐ Nà; born August 5, 1986) is a Chinese Paralympic athlete who competes in throwing events for F37 classification cerebral palsy athletes.

## Career

From April 2014 until September 2016 she held the women's F37 World Record in the shot put. She holds the world record in the F37 discus throw. She won 9 medals (6 Gold) at the Paralympic Games and 12 medals (10 Gold) at the IPC Athletics World Championships.
Mi began competing in para-athletics in 2005, and made her international debut in 2008. She competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China, where she won gold medals in the women's shot put F37/F38 and discus throw F37/F38 events, setting new F37 world records both events. At the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, Mi repeated this double, winning the F37 shot put and F37 discus gold medals with world record throws. She placed 4th in the F37/F38 javelin event at the 2012 Paralympics. At the 2016 Rio Games she won the discus throw and placed second in the javelin and shot put.
In 2017 she won the F37 discus and shot put events at the World Para Athletics Grand Prix in Beijing.
# Metathesis

Metathesis may refer to:

## Changes of vocal properties

* Metathesis (linguistics), alteration of the order of phonemes within a word
* Quantitative metathesis, exchange of long and short roles, without changing order of vowel sounds

## Chemical change in which a pair of molecules exchange electronic patterns of bonding

* Salt metathesis reaction, exchange of bonds between two reacting chemical species
* Olefin metathesis, redistribution of olefinic (alkene) chemical bonds
* Alkane metathesis, redistribution of alkane chemical bonds
* Alkyne metathesis, redistribution of alkyne chemical bonds
# Return on tangible equity

Return on tangible equity (ROTE) (also return on average tangible common shareholders' equity (ROTCE)) measures the rate of return on the tangible common equity.
ROTE is computed by dividing net earnings (or annualized net earnings for annualized ROTE) applicable to common shareholders by average monthly tangible common shareholders' equity. Tangible common shareholders' equity equals total shareholders' equity less preferred stock, goodwill, and identifiable intangible assets.
# Reuben Cranstoun Mowbray

Reuben Cranstoun Mowbray (31 Aug 1883 – 12 Jul 1955) was a newspaper editor and member of the South Australian parliament.

## History

Born in Gippsland, Victoria, Mowbray was a reporter, then editor of the South Eastern Times from 1906 to early 1952, and its owner from 1921 onward.
He worked for a while as a solicitor in Bordertown prior to entering politics. In 1932, he was elected unopposed as a Liberal and Country League member of the South Australian Legislative Council for the Southern District, following the death in office of Sir Lancelot Stirling. He ran for re-election in 1938 but was defeated, and was unsuccessful in a bid for LCL preselection for a 1938 by-election for another Southern District seat.
Mowbray sold the newspaper to the five members of his staff in 1952.

## Family

He married Eda Sophia Spehr on 29 December 1909; they divorced in 1941.
# Museum Reich der Kristalle

The Museum Reich der Kristalle is the publicly accessible part of the Mineralogischen Staatssammlung (State Mineralogical Collection) of Munich, Germany. It features explanations of mineralogical and crystallographic terms using models. It also showcases minerals local to Bavaria. The museum has a few small displays as well as a showroom which hosts special exhibitions.

## Description

Part of the Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, the Museum is part of the arts-complex on the former site of the Türkenkaserne barracks.
# Horrie Farmer

Horrie Farmer may refer to one of two father and son Australian rules footballers:
* Horrie Farmer (footballer born 1888) (1888–1934), Victorian Football League player for St Kilda
* Horrie Farmer (footballer born 1909), Victorian Football League player for Richmond and North Melbourne
# Futurepoem Books

Futurepoem Books is an American not-for-profit press based in New York City. Futurepoem was founded by Dan Machlin in 2002 and focuses on publishing innovative poetry, prose and hybrid literature. The press has a rotating editorial board.
Three books are published each year: two from the open reading period and one winner of the Other Futures Award. Each year three new editors select books sent in during the presses open reading period. Winners of the Other Futures Award receive publication with a standard royalty contract, an honorarium of $1000, and 25 author copies.
Futurepoem has received funding from The New York State Council on the Arts Literature Program and National Endowment for the Arts Literature program.

## Personnel

* Dan Machlin, Founding Editor
* Monica de la Torre, Senior Editor of BOMB Magazine
* Jeremy Sigler, Associate Editor

## Publications
### 2011-2020

* Near, At – Jennifer Soong (2019)
* G – Emmalea Russo (2018)
* NOS (disorder, not otherwise specified) – Aby Kaupang and Matthew Cooperman (2018)
* SWOLE – Jerika Marchan (2018)
* MyOther Tongue – Rosa Alcalá (2017)
* The Sissies – Evan Kennedy (2016)
* Of Being Dispersed – Simone White (2016)
* Solar Maximum – Sueyeun Juliette Lee (2015)
* Site Cite City – David Buuck (2015)
* deadfalls and snares – Samantha Giles (2014)
* Troy, Michigan – Wendy S. Walters (2014)
* The Crisis of Infinite Worlds – Dana Ward (2013)
* The Story of My Accident is Ours – Rachel Levitsky (2013)
* Anarch. – Frances Richard (2012)
* The Malady of the Century – Jon Leon (2012)
* Sherwood Forest – Camille Roy (2011)
* Late in the Antenna Fields – Alan Gilbert (2011)
* The Source – Noah Eli Gordon (2011)

### 2002-2010

* Delinquent – Mina Pam Dick (2009)
* Poems of a Black Object – Ronaldo Wilson (2009)
* Your Country is Great – Ara Shirinyan (2008)
* Traffic and Weather – Marcella Durand (2008)
* Threads – Jill Magi (2007)
* Murmur – Laura Mullen (2006)
* The External Combustion Engine – Michael Ives (2005)
* Mad Science in Imperial City – Shanxing Wang (2005)
* Ghosts by Albert Ayler, Ghosts by Albert Ayler – Merry Fortune (2004)
* The Escape – Jo Ann Wasserman (2003)
* Under the Sun – Rachel Levitsky (2002)
* Some Mantic Daemons – Garrett Kalleberg (2002)
# Charles J. Osman

Charles Joseph Osman (April 15, 1851 – April 13, 1922) was a businessman and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Albert County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1897 to 1908 as a Liberal member.
Osman was born in London, England, was educated in Hertfordshire and later emigrated to New Brunswick. Osman married Laura E. Tomkins. He was the manager of a plaster mill and quarries at Hillsborough. He was first elected in an 1897 by-election held after William James Lewis was elected to the House of Commons of Canada. Osman served as speaker from 1907 to 1908.
# Canton of Plénée-Jugon

The canton of Plénée-Jugon is an administrative division of the Côtes-d'Armor department, northwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Plénée-Jugon.
It consists of the following communes:
* Bréhand
* Jugon-les-Lacs-Commune-Nouvelle
* Le Mené
* Penguily
* Plédéliac
* Plénée-Jugon
* Plestan
* Saint-Glen
* Saint-Trimoël
* Tramain
* Trébry
# Makum College

Makum College, established in 1997, is a major and general degree college situated in Makum, Assam. This college is affiliated with the Dibrugarh University.

## Departments
### Arts and Commerce

* Assamese
* English
* History
* Education
* Economics
* Philosophy
* Political Science
* Sociology
* Commerce
# Carving Desert Canyons

Carving Desert Canyons is the second studio album by American instrumental progressive metal band Scale the Summit. It was released on February 17, 2009, through Prosthetic Records. The album was self-produced by the band and Tom Beaujour. It is the band's first studio release with the label. The cover art of this album is taken from The Wave, a sandstone rock formation in Arizona. The album's cover art was taken by a local Houston photographer, who sent them his portfolio of pictures to choose from; the eventual cover art was the first photograph Chris Letchford saw in the portfolio.
By contrast to their first album, Letchford described Carving Desert Canyons as "a lot more organized than their debut, in addition to being better produced as it was funded by an actual record label."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Exclaim! | Favorable |
| Metal Underground | |
| ThePRP | |
| Sea of Tranquility | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
The album received mixed, but usually positive reviews from critics. Eduardo Rivadavia of AllMusic assigned a rating of 3.5 stars out of 5, and said that the group were inventive but that the album's lack of "the convenient handholds normally afforded by lyrics and vocals" would eventually bore listeners not accustomed to their style. Sputnikmusic gave the album an "excellent" 4.0 out of 5, and remarked that Carving Desert Canyons demonstrated a maturation and refinement of the band's musical style compared to the overly-technical Monument, their debut. Exclaim! writer Chris Ayers compared the material to artists such as Rush, Yes and Cynic, saying that the album would "ensure the band a high position on this year's best-of lists." ThePRP rated the album 3 stars out of 5 and criticized the songs for belying the band members' true technical abilities, saying the songs sounded little better than customers playing at Guitar Center, and the production for being dynamically flat.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Discogs.

### Scale the Summit

* Chris Letchford – lead guitar
* Travis Levrier – rhythm guitar
* Jordan Eberhardt – bass
* Pat Skeffington – drums

### Additional personnel

* Tom Beaujour – production, engineering, mixing, recording
* Scale the Summit – production
* Kim Rosen – mastering
* Christopher Pierce – drum programming
* Alex Smolinski – editing
* Steven R. Gilmore – photography
# GDPS (disambiguation)

GDPS may refer to:
* Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex, an extension of Parallel Sysplex of mainframes located, potentially, in different cities.
* Gyan Devi Public School Sr. Secondary, a CBSE affiliated senior secondary school in Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
# Caruichthys

Caruichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric freshwater ray-finned fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch. It contains a single species, Caruichthys ornatus, known from what is now South Africa (Cradock District). It is known from a single specimen, which was collected from the middle Beaufort Series (Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone) of Doorn River.
# Castnius

Castnius is a genus of moths within the family Castniidae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1819.

## Species

* Castnius marcus (Jordan, 1908)
* Castnius pelasgus (Cramer, [1779])
* Castnius asteropoides Porion, 2004
# Fury: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary

Fury: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary is a 32-page comic book one-shot published by Marvel Comics in 2015 as part of a series of one-shots to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the creation of the fictional intelligence agency S.H.I.E.L.D. The story deals with racial issues both in 1965 and in 2015.

## Publication history

The one-shot was published in 2015 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the fictional organisation S.H.I.E.L.D., together with Agent Carter: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary, The Cavalry: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary, Mockingbird: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary and Quake: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary.

## Plot

The story is told in two parallel parts, one in 1965 with Nick Fury Sr and the other in 2015 with Nick Fury Jr. In both times there are race riots going on and the younger Fury has to travel back in time to his fathers time to follow the racist supervillain the Hate-Monger from killing a young child who will one day become indispensable for the civil rights movement. After teaming up with his father, but without revealing who he is they manage to stop the Hate-Monger and save the boy, who is named Barry.

## Reception

Jesse Schedeen of IGN expressed that while the comic works well with exploring the troubled father son issues between the two main characters the attempt at tackling American racial issues feels very perfunctory, most likely due to the limited scope of the issue. He also stated that the use of the rather goofy villain the Hate-Monger and the one the nose ending brought the story down. Steve Hooker of Multiverse-Magazine on the other hand found the ending shocking and stated that the issue was poignant.
James Johnston of Multiversity Comics stated that while the story is probably not the story that’s going to put Fury Jr. on the map, it is still a nice one shot that helps flesh out the modern character while st the same time tying the older one into some relevant political discussion.
Jim Johnson of CBR.com expressed that it was a decent, if a bit convenient tale and that he would recommend it but that he found it a somewhat lightweight celebration for such a significant milestone as the 50th anniversary of S.H.I.E.L.D.
# Cas Cay

Cas Cay is a fifty-acre (200,000-square-metre) undeveloped island, situated a mile south of Red Hook on the eastern side of Saint Thomas in the United States Virgin Islands. It is under the protection of the Department of Natural Resources. Ferries here depart from Compass Point Marina, right east of Nadir.

## Description

Cas Cay is a tropical island, which has a hundred feet tall hill with bird species such as the Red-billed- and White-tailed tropicbird. It is also home to endemic plant species such as orchids, Tabebuia, gumbo-limbos, as well as the seagrape, manchineel and numerous mangroves. It is home to lizards such as anoles, ameiva and geckos. The island has a high density of rats (Rattus rattus) as well. It has a mangrove lagoon and is one of the largest mangrove areas in the Virgin Islands. Besides the mangrove ecosystem, the wildlife sanctuary, the natural whirlpool and blowhole, many visit the island for recreational activities such as snorkeling, scuba diving, kayaking and bird watching. The nearby Cas Cay-Mangrove Lagoon Marine Reserve & Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Jersey Bay immediately north of Cas Cay.

### Important Bird Area

A 225 ha area, encompassing Cas Cay, neighbouring Bovoni and Patricia Cays, along with the Mangrove Lagoon marine reserve, has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of green-throated caribs, Antillean crested hummingbirds, pearly-eyed thrashers and Lesser Antillean bullfinches.
# Gabriel's Story

Gabriel's Story is a novel by American author David Anthony Durham published by Doubleday in 2001.

## Plot summary

Durham made his literary debut with a novel which, in the tradition of Cormac McCarthy's All the Pretty Horses, views the American West through an original lens. Set in the 1870s, the novel tells the tale of Gabriel Lynch, an African American youth who settles with his family in the plains of Kansas. Dissatisfied with the drudgery of homesteading and growing increasingly disconnected from his family, Gabriel forsakes the farm for a life of higher adventure. Thus begins a forbidding trek into a terrain of austere beauty, a journey begun in hope, but soon laced with danger and propelled by a cast of brutal characters. By writing about African American characters, Durham gave voice to a population seldom included in our Western lore.

## Reception

Maria Russo wrote in The New York Times that the "novel has flaws", and "aspects of the plot don't quite make sense ... and some of its machinations strain credibility". She also criticized the dialogue for sounding a "little too modern", but regardless, she says the book is "both artistically impressive and emotionally satisfying".

## Awards and honors

* Legacy Award for Debut Fiction from the Hurston/Wright Foundation
* 2002 Alex Award from the American Library Association
* 2001 First Novel Award from the Black Caucus of the American Library Association
* The New York Times Notable Book
* Los Angeles Times Best of 2001
# Catharina Rose

Catharina Rose d. after June 1587, was the heroine of the Spanish siege of Sluis during the Eighty Years' War.
At the Spanish siege of the city of Sluis in Flanders in June 1587, Rose was made commander and leader of the women which were given the task of defending the area between the blue tower and the smith towers. This hill was later called Venus-hill or the Women's hill after them. They were allowed to depart after the surrender of the town.
Rose is the subject of the novel Gideon Florensz. (1854) by Geertruida Bosboom-Toussaint.