OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Menatetrenone

Menatetrenone (INN), also known as menaquinone-4 (MK-4), is one of the nine forms of vitamin K$_2$.

## Biology

MK-4 is the major form of Vitamin K in vertebrate animals, including humans and common forms of meat animals. It is produced via conversion of vitamin K$_1$ in the body, specifically in the testes, pancreas and arterial walls. The conversion is not dependent on gut bacteria, occurring in germ-free rats and in parenterally-administered K$_1$ in rats. Tissues that accumulate high amounts of MK-4 have a capacity to convert up to 90% of the available K$_1$ into MK-4.
K$_1$ is converted to MK-4 in three steps:
* Removal of the phytyl tail to form menadione (K3; unknown enzyme);
* Reduction of menadione to menadiol (likely NQO1);
* Attachment of GGPP tail to form menaquinol-4, the reduced form of MK-4 (UBIAD1)
The second and third steps are known to happen in target tissue. The first step is proposed to happen mainly in the intestines.

## As a medication

Menatetrenone is approved in Japan for second-line treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Evidence is restricted to small-scale RCTs; the minimum effective dose (for bone mass parameters) is 45 mg, much higher than the Daily Value for vitamin K (80 μg).

### Bioavailbility and dose

420 μg of oral MK-4, in a single-dose or spread out over 7 days, does not cause detectable changes in serum MK-4 level in healthy women, whereas MK-7 produces the expected increases in MK-7 levels.
The minimum effective oral dose to change serum osteocalcin levels is 1500 μg/d, where as oral MK-7 is effective on this parameter at 45 μg/d, a level more in line with nutritional intake. In addition, rat studies show that oral MK-7 is better at increasing extrahepatic tissue levels of MK-4 than oral MK-4.
# Menathais

Menathais is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Species

Species within the genus Menathais include:
* Menathais bimaculata (Jonas, 1845)
* Menathais intermedia (Kiener, 1836)
* Menathais tuberosa (Röding, 1798)
* † Menathais viciani Kovács, 2018
# Reiner Protsch

Reiner Protsch (von Zieten), born 14 January 1939 in Berlin, is a German anthropologist who published allegedly erroneous carbon dating data of human fossils.
Protsch's fraud, which ended his 30-year-old academic career, was announced after it was discovered that he made up data and plagiarized the works of others. His misdeeds also included an attempt to destroy the University of Frankfurt's archives and to sell the institution's chimpanzee skull collection.
Concern regarding the anthropologist's works emerged during routine investigation conducted by Thomas Terberger and Martin Street. The scientists sought to guarantee the authenticity of the fossil samples that Protsch had dated. Their findings, which were based on the fossil reanalysis completed at Oxford University's Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, revealed wrong dating for the Hahnhöfersand Man, Binshof-Speyer Woman, and the Paderborn-Sande Man. The University of Frankfurt launched an investigation after the publication of Terberger and Street's report. It later found that throughout Protsch's career as a professor of anthropology at the university, he had plagiarized the works of colleagues and systematically misdated numerous stone age fossils. Protsch's falsified works forced the revision of some 30 millennia's worth of human history as well as the knowledge of human evolution.
The German publication Der Spiegel also reported that Protsch lied about his background, having previously claimed he had ties to Prussian aristocracy.
# Reiner Michalke

Reiner Michalke (born 1956) is the artistic director of the concert venue Stadtgarten in Cologne/Germany. From 2005 to 2016 he served as artistic director of the Moers Festival. Since October 2018 he is managing artistic director of the Monheim Triennale.

## Work as musician

Reiner Michalke was born in Cologne, Germany. He studied music at the Cologne University of Music and economics at the University of Cologne. Between 1976 and 1986, he worked as a freelance musician with various groups (Extempore and NoNett to name but a few). From 1980 to 1986, he also worked as a lecturer for bass and ensemble playing at the Musikschule Remscheid.

## Work as artistic director

Reiner Michalke is founding chairman of Initiative Kölner Jazz Haus e.V. which he initiated with other musicians in 1978. In the same year he produced the 1st Kölner Jazz Haus Festival. In 1986 he became CEO of Cologne's Stadtgarten-Restaurant Betriebs-GmbH, an organisation for which he still curates the concerts. From 1989 to 1995 he was one of the artistic directors of the festival post this & neo that and from 1994 to 2007 of MusikTriennale Köln. In May 2005 Reiner Michalke was appointed as director of the Moers festival, which he took over in 2006. Since October 2018 Michalke is managing artistic director of the Monheim Triennale.

## Work for public media

Beside his work curating concert and festival programs, Reiner Michalke also works as a producer for radio and television with Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), Deutschlandfunk and Deutsche Welle. He has also produced events for the Büro für innovative Kulturprojekte und Kommunikation in Berlin.

## Cultural engagement

Up to his appointment as director of the Moers festival, Reiner Michalke was the Green Party's “resident expert" on Cologne's cultural affairs committee (from 1984), a board member of the Europe Jazz Network (from 1992), and a founding member of and speaker for the organisations “Off Cologne e.V”, “KulturNetz Köln” and "Bundeskonferenz Jazz". At present he is a member of the music advisory council to the City of Cologne.
# Jan Stussy

Jan Stussy (1921–1990) was an American artist, film producer, and professor. He was a professor emeritus from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), he taught there for 42 years. He was awarded an Academy Award for the documentary film, Gravity Is My Enemy (1977). Stussy was a prolific painter and printmaker.

## Early life and education

Jan Stussy was born on August 13, 1921, in Benton County, Missouri. While he was young, his family moved to Bellflower, California. He attended Excelsior High School, graduating in 1939.
Stussy attended classes at Long Beach City College, and the Art Center (now the ArtCenter College of Design), under Barse Miller. At the University of California, Los Angeles he obtained a B.F.A. degree in 1943, and studied under George J. Cox. He served as a Naval Intelligence officer during World War II. After his military service, he attended the University of Southern California (USC) and obtained a M.F.A. degree in 1953. Stussy had studied lithography with Lynton Richards Kistler and Joe Funk, and painting and drawing at USC with Francis de Erdely, and Stanton Macdonald-Wright.
Stussy was married to artist Maxine Kim (née Carlyle) in 1949, they met while working as teaching assistants at UCLA. Together they had one child, however the marriage ended in divorce.

## Career

He was elected as vice-president of the California Water Color Society in 1950.
Stussy taught visual arts at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1942 until 1989. He also taught at the UCLA Extension, from 1957 to 1980.
In 1977, Stussy co-produced the documentary Gravity Is My Enemy with John C. Joseph. The film portrays one of Stussy's art students, Mark Hicks, who has been paralyzed since a childhood accident and paints and draws by holding tools between his teeth. Both producers received an Academy Award in 1978 at the 50th Academy Awards in the Best Documentary Short Film category.

## Death and legacy

He died on July 31, 1990, in Brentwood, West Los Angeles of a brain tumor.
Stussy's work is found in public museum collections including the National Gallery of Art, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Norton Simon Museum, Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Museum of Modern Art, Oakland Museum of California, Hammer Museum, and Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.
# Carmageddon TDR 2000

Carmageddon TDR 2000 (also known as Carmageddon: Total Destruction Racing 2000 or Carmageddon 3: TDR 2000 in North America), is a vehicular combat video game. The sequel to Carmageddon II: Carpocalypse Now, it was developed by Torus Games and released in the United Kingdom on September 8, 2000, and on December 14 in North America.
A Game Boy Color version of the game was slated to be released but was cancelled. After Carmageddon TDR 2000, the Carmageddon series went dormant for over a decade, with the next installment, Carmageddon: Reincarnation, not entering development until 2011.

## Description

Pedestrians can be killed by immolation (being set on fire) or collisions.
During development of TDR 2000, SCi hired Tozzer.com to create an online comic based on the Carmageddon video game.

## Expansion pack

The Nosebleed Pack released 2001 was the official expansion pack for TDR2000 adding new vehicles, environments, powerups and improved multiplayer modes with extra maps. It was later released as a free patch. The soundtrack is by Plague and Utah Saints.

## Reception

Aggregate scores :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 61.79% |
| Metacritic | 48/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| AllGame | |
| GameSpot | 5.7/10 |
| IGN | 5.8/10 |
| PC Gamer (US) | 59% |
| PC Zone | 6.9/10 |
| Playboy | 60% |
The game received a score of 61.79% from GameRankings and 48 out of 100 from Metacritic.
# Carnan Cruithneachd

Carnan Cruithneachd (728 m) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It is located in the Kintail area of Ross-shire, on the southern side of Glen Elchaig.
The peak has a very steep northern face, but its other side's are more gentle and form a gentle plateau. The nearest village is Dornie to its west.
# Carnane

Carnane is a townland in the parish of Fedamore, in County Limerick, Ireland.
Neighbouring townlands include Fanningstown to the west, Arywee and Williamstown to the east, Boherlode to the north, and Enaghroe and Poultaloon to the south.
It has an area of approximately 184 hectares (455 acres). It is located 13.6 km (8.5 mi) distance by road from Limerick city centre, in a South South East direction.
The name is an anglicisation from the Irish language "An Carnán", meaning "small cairn" (or heap of stones).
Residents of Carnane entitled to vote may do so for candidates in the Adare Local Electoral Area for local elections, the Limerick County constituency for general elections, South constituency for European Parliament elections. The polling station for these elections is in Fedamore National School.
Carnane National School currently has a mixed enrolment of 40 boys and 34 girls. It is under the sponsorship of the Catholic Church.
# Carlos Lett

Carlos Arturo Lett (November 4, 1885 - March 8, 1956) was an Argentine footballer who played as forward. Lett played most of his career in Alumni (where he won 16 titles) and the Argentina national team.

## Biography

Lett joined Alumni in 1905 along to goalkeeper José Buruca Laforia. During the year of his debut with the team he became top scorer of the tournament with 15 goals. Alumni also won its 4th championship. In 1906 Alumni won another championship and Lett scored a goal in the final match where Alumni defeated Lomas by 5–0.
Lett played with Alumni until 1911 when the team was disbanded after winning its last title that same year.
With the Argentina national team Lett debuted on 15 August 1905 in a Copa Lipton match against Uruguay. Lett played again for Argentina five years later, in a friendly match against Chile. Lett served with the Royal Field Artillery in World War I including seeing action in the Palestine Campaign in 1917–1918. In October 1918 Lett married Valerie Helen Stears (21 March 1898 - 21 September 1941) and the couple had 7 children and they all lived between Argentina & England over the years. Lett spent his last years with a daughter and her husband near Montreal, Canada. He died on 8 March 1956.

## Titles

(All of them won with Alumni):

### National

* Argentine Primera División (6): 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1910, 1911
* Copa de Competencia Jockey Club (3): 1907, 1908, 1909
* Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires (2): 1905, 1906

### International

* Copa de Honor Cousenier (1): 1906
* Tie Cup (4): 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909

### Individual honours

* Argentine Primera División topscorer (1): 1905 (12 goals)
# Reginald Hamilton

Reginald Hamilton may refer to:
* Reg Hamilton (1914–1991), Canadian ice hockey player
* Reggie Hamilton (born 1989), American basketball player
# James Sinclair (botanist)

James Sinclair (1913–1968) was a Scottish botanist, who worked at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and the Singapore Botanic Gardens.

## Life

Sinclair was born in the Bu of Hoy Orkney, Scotland on 29 November 1913. He received a degree in botany from the Edinburgh University. He served as a radar operator in the Royal Air Force from 1941 to 1945. In 1968 he succumbed to cancer and was buried in Hoy.

## Work

He was a botanist at the Edinburgh Royal Botanical Garden where he oversaw the herbarium. In 1948 he became the herbarium curator at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Much of his work focused on the flowering plant families Annonaceae and Myristicaceae, though he also had an interest in marine plants and mosses.

## Legacy

He is the authority for at least 192 taxa including: IPNI. List of plant names with authority J.Sinclair. His life and works have been honored as part of the Hoy Heritage project.
# Carinapex solomonensis

Carinapex solomonensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Horaiclavidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 5.5 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Solomon Islands.
# Carinaria lamarckii

Carinaria lamarckii is a species of sea gastropod, a holoplanktonic marine gastropod mollusk in the family Carinariidae.

## Description

The maximum recorded (shell?) length is 115 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 675 m.
# Reginald de Bugwell

Reginald de Bugwell was Dean of Exeter between 1353 and 1363.
# Janalihat–Kaptai line

Janalihat–Kaptai line is a proposed railway line in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh.

## History

Bangladesh Railway Master Plan was prepared in 2016. According to that master plan, there is a plan to establish a railway from Chittagong to Kaptai in Rangamati District by 2022. The feasibility study of the proposed railway line was conducted in 2019. In 2021, the Ministry of Railways officially started work on the railway project, which is scheduled to be completed by 2026. The budget of the 42.17 km railway has been fixed at ৳8,926 crore of which ৳1,785 crore will be provided by the government from its own revenue. In 2022, A.B.M. Fazle Karim Chowdhury, chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Railways, said that they expect the construction of the railway line sooner.
# Carl, West Virginia

Carl is an unincorporated community in Nicholas County, in the U.S. state of West Virginia.

## History

A post office called Carl was established in 1907, and remained in operation until 1952. The community was named after the child of a local postmaster.
# Reining (surname)

Reining is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lucia Reining (born 1961), German physicist
* Maria Reining (1903–1991), Austrian soprano
* Priscilla Reining (1923–2007), American applied anthropologist
# Jan Kozakiewicz

Jan Kozakiewicz (born 24 February 1996) is a Polish swimmer and national record holder in 50 metre breaststroke. He finished in fourth place in the men's 50 metre breaststroke event at the 2020 European Aquatics Championships, in Budapest, Hungary.
# Carl August Wilhelm Berends

Carl August Wilhelm Berends (19 April 1759 – 1 December 1826) was a German physician born in Anklam, Pomerania.
He studied medicine at Viadrina University in Frankfurt an der Oder, where in 1788 he became a professor of medicine. In 1811, he moved to the University of Breslau, being due to the closure of Viadrina University in Frankfurt, and resulting in the relocation of much of its faculty to Breslau. In 1815, he was appointed professor of medicine at the University of Berlin and hospital director at the Berlin Charité.
In 1789, Berends published Über den Unterricht junger Ärzte am Krankenbett (Education of Young Physicians at the Bedside), in which he described his experiences at the Thielschen Krankenhaus in Frankfurt. Shortly after his death in 1826, his one-time student, Karl Sundelin, published Berends' lectures on practical medical science ("Vorlesungen über die praktische Arzneiwissenschaft").
# Carol Montag

Carol Montag is an American folk singer-songwriter, who was born in Ames, Iowa, United States. Referred to by Tom Paxton as "the best to come out of Iowa since Bonnie Koloc", she has opened on several occasions for Arlo Guthrie. She is also one third of the Cedar Rapids, Iowa-based Christmas-themed trio Tribute, with Nina Swanson and Kathy Donnelly which performs yearly during the season.

## Discography

* Song for Carrie, 1985, Salek Street Records
* White, 1987, Salek Street Records
* Marigolds, 2000, Monday's Music
# Jamesville, Missouri

Jamesville is an unincorporated community in northeast Stone County, Missouri, United States. The community is located just west of the confluence of Finley Creek and the James River, along Missouri Route M.
The historic Jamesville School was located along Finley Creek to the east of the settlement.
# Rhynchocalyx

Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides is a small flowering tree, the sole species of the genus Rhynchocalyx. It had also previously been regarded as the only species in the monogeneric family Rhynchocalycaceae but is now included in the expanded Penaeaceae along with Olinia (formerly of the Oliniaceae) under the APG III system of classification. Rhynchocalyx is endemic to the KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic ecoregion of the Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.
# Ramona (1928 song)

"Ramona" is a 1928 song with lyrics by L. Wolfe Gilbert and music by Mabel Wayne. Composed for the 1928 feature film Ramona, it was the first theme song written for the movies.
The original lyrics and music of the song entered the public domain in the United States in 2024.

## History

It was created as the title song for publicity to the 1928 silent adventure film-romance Ramona (based on the 1884 novel Ramona by Helen Hunt Jackson). The song was used again in the 1936 remake of the movie. Ramona was recorded in 1928 by Dolores del Río for the film. Gene Austin's 1928 version charted for 17 weeks, with eight weeks at No. 1, and easily topped a million in sales.

## Recordings

* On record it was a popular hit, usually performed as a romantic ballad, sometimes with a Latin inflection by "Whispering" Jack Smith and, in an idiosyncratic arrangement recorded on 4 January 1928, the Paul Whiteman Orchestra. The Paul Whiteman version, Victor 21214-A, featuring Bix Beiderbecke on cornet, was No. 1 for 3 weeks on the Billboard charts in 1928. Gene Austin's recording was No. 1 for 8 weeks the same year. Ruth Etting also recorded a version, which reached No. 10.
* Les Brown and His Band of Renown recorded "Ramona" in 1953.
* In 1958, Jim Reeves recorded "Ramona" for his album Girls I Have Known.
* It was a German, and Dutch number one hit in 1960 for the Blue Diamonds, arranged in an upbeat style similar to The Everly Brothers recordings of that period.
* In 1964 it was a UK hit for The Bachelors who reached the No. 4 spot in the charts during a 13-week stay.
* Singer Billy Walker revived the song for the country market in 1968, reaching the top 10 of the US country charts, peaking at No. 8.
* Grady Martin released an instrumental version in 1965 on his Instrumentally Yours album.
* This song was covered by the late Singaporean singer/songwriter/lyricist Su Yin (舒雲) in Mandarin Chinese language with Chinese lyrics written by Li Tian (黎天) and given the title name of蕾夢娜, appearing on his LP album 黃昏放牛＊一片青青的草地, and released by EMI Columbia Records in 1967.

## Popular culture

* It has been used on the soundtracks of several other films, most recently by Ken Loach in Land and Freedom (1995) and in the BAFTA-nominated Harry un ami qui vous veut du bien (2000).
# Love Light

"Love Light" (Korean: 사랑 빛; RR: Sarang Bit) is a song recorded by South Korean rock band CNBLUE. It is a single from the band's second mini-album Bluelove. An acoustic ballad written by main vocalist Jung Yong-hwa, the track was released by FNC Entertainment and distributed by Kakao M on May 10, 2010. The song peaked at number ten on South Korea's national Gaon Digital Chart; since its release, it has sold over 1.9 million downloads domestically.

## Background and composition

Shortly after CNBLUE debuted, main vocalist Jung Yong-hwa was cast for the second season of MBC TV's reality show We Got Married and partnered with Seohyun of Girls' Generation. He began developing the lyrics for "Love Light" after their initial meeting. While penning the track, Jung thought about his first love and compared it to "Love Revolution" from the band's first mini-album Bluetory (2010). The rap section was written with Seohyun in mind.
"Love Light" is a "light-hearted romantic" song. The ballad comprises Jung's and bandmate Lee Jong-hyun's vocals over an acoustic guitar melody. In order for the listener to find the song more endearing, the former intentionally altered the pronunciation of his words to emphasize the feeling. In addition to the lyrics, Jung also composed the track; it is written in the key of D Major and has a tempo of 138 beats per minute.

## Release and promotion

Ahead of the release of CNBLUE's second mini-album Bluelove, "Love Light" was made available on online music stores on May 10, 2010. The band performed the single on SBS MTV's music program Inkigayo along with lead single "Love". "Love Light" was performed as a duet with Seohyun at that year's Incheon Hallyu Concert. During a concert stop in midst of the 2014 CNBLUE Live: Can't Stop tour in Singapore, Jung devoted the song to the victims of the sinking of motor vessel Sewol.

## Critical reception and commercial performance

Writing for online magazine IZM, So Seung-keun rated "Love Light" half a star out of five, panning the song for the "embarrassing melody aimed at women", its "middle school" lyrics, and "lame" rap. In a separate review for the publication, Lim Yun-hye was disappointed with the track's "simple" and "uninspired" progression.
On the chart dated May 9–15, 2010, "Love Light" debuted and peaked at number ten on South Korea's national Gaon Digital Chart. The single ranked within the top 100 for seventeen consecutive weeks. On Gaon Music Chart's year-end report for 2010, "Love" ranked at number 20 on its list of best-performing singles. It was the fortieth best-selling song in South Korea with 1,955,920 downloads and was ranked at number 54 on the Streaming Chart for accumulating 17,046,303 streams.

## Charts
### Weekly

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Gaon Digital Chart | 10 |
| Gaon Bell Chart | 11 |
| Gaon Ring Chart | 3 |
| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Gaon Singing Room Chart | 30 |

### Year-end

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Gaon Digital Chart | 37 |
# Lyn-Genet Recitas

Lyn-Genet Recitas, (born March 26, 1965), also known as Lyn-Genet, is an American author and self-proclaimed nutritionist.

## Career

Lyn-Genet received her undergraduate and master's degrees from the non-accredited Clayton College of Natural Health.
She started her practice on the west coast of the US and has been running health centers in New York City and Westchester, New York. Lyn-Genet has staff in the US and Canada and sees clients in Hastings on Hudson, New York and Houston, Texas.

## Books

* Recitas, Lyn-Genet (January 1, 2013). The Plan (First ed.). New York, NY: Grand Central Publishing. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-4555-1548-6.
* Recitas, Lyn-Genet (December 30, 2014). The Plan Cookbook (First ed.). New York, NY: Grand Central Publishing. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-4555-5653-3.