OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Philatelic Collection (United States)

The National Philatelic Collection is a collection of nearly six million postage stamps, revenue stamps, and related items, owned by the United States Government and managed by the Smithsonian Institution. It is housed within the National Postal Museum and a portion of the collection is on display in the museum's National Stamp Salon. The National Philatelic Collection is among the world's largest and most valuable stamp collections and, along with the Postmaster General's Philatelic Collection, is one of two stamp collections owned by the United States.

## History

Established in 1886, the first piece in the National Philatelic Collection was a sheet of Confederate States stamps. The collection was subsequently expanded through the transfer of stamps from the United States Post Office Department and United States Postal Service, gifts from foreign governments, bequests from private stamp collectors, and the direct purchase of rare stamps. The National Philatelic Collection contains nearly six million items and approximately 4,000 specimens from the collection are on public display in the National Stamp Salon of the National Postal Museum. It is among the largest and most valuable stamp collections in the world and – according to the Smithsonian Institution – is the "largest continuously intact museum collection" on Earth. It is also the second largest collection of artifacts held by the Smithsonian Institution, after that of the National Museum of Natural History.
A large number of the specimens in the National Philatelic Collection have great value and, in 1986, the curators of the collection refused to participate in Ameripex 86 – an exhibition in Rosemont, Illinois, described by Linn's Stamp News as "one of the greatest international stamp exhibitions ever held" – after show organizers refused their requirements that stamps from the collection be housed under bulletproof glass and assigned a dedicated force of guards. In 2005, the United States purchased the boyhood stamp album of John Lennon to add to the National Philatelic Collection.

### Management

There have been eleven curators of the National Philatelic Collection. The first curator, at the time officially titled "government philatelist", was Joseph Britton Leavy who was retained in 1913 to help organize the collection which had rapidly expanded due to a large donation from the Post Office the preceding year. As of 2018, the curator is Daniel Piazza.

## Related collections

The United States owns another stamp collection – the Postmaster General's Philatelic Collection, composed of United States stamps and stamp proofs – which was established in the 1860s and is managed by the United States Postal Service for archival and recordkeeping purposes.
# Gordon Newey

Newey, Newey-Aster, Gordon Newey, Gordon Newey Ltd, G.N.L. (GNL), (1907-1920) was a British automobile manufacturer from Birmingham.

## History

The company began in 1907 as a sales agency for De Dion-Bouton, Star Motor Company and Siddeley Autocar Company (John Siddeley, 1st Baron Kenilworth).
In 1907 they also manufactured cars using Aster engines from the French manufacturer, Ateliers de Construction Mecanique l'Aster. These were marketed as Newey-Asters.
In 1913 the company manufactured its own design which was branded and marketed as Newey.
From 1916 to 1919 vehicles were marketed as G.N.L. (GNL).
In 1921 production ended and the last cars were sold in 1923.

## Cars
### Newey-Aster

Newey manufactured three models of motorcar with Aster engines: 10/12 HP, 20/22 HP and 24/30 HP, plus trucks which could carry a 500 kg payload.

### Newey

In 1913 the 10 HP Newey appeared, a lightweight touring car with a 1,300cc inline four-cylinder side-valve engine and a wheelbase of 2,743 mm.
In 1915 the Newey 10/18 HP used a smaller body (wheelbase 2,591 mm) fitted with a larger 1.5 litre engine.
1918 replaced this the Newey 10/12 HP, also with a 1.5-liter engine, but with the longer wheelbase of 10 HP. This car was built until the cessation of production in 1921. [3]
In 1919 a new 1.8-litre four-cylinder 11/15 HP model topped the range. It was available for three years.
In 1920 the final model was introduced, the Newey 11.9 HP with a 1.6 litre, four-cylinder side-valve engine. Its wheelbase was 2591 mm.
After World War I the Newey 12/15 HP was introduced with a 1,750cc Chapuis-Dornier engine.
Although most models were available after the First World War, the production numbers were low .

### G.N.L.

Between 1916 and 1919 obtaining engines from France was difficult, so Gordon Newey imported 2.4 litre four-cylinder engines from the United States, possibly from Continental Motors Company, for the two-seater and four-seater vehicles.

## Models

| Brand | Model | Construction period | Cylinder | Capacity | Wheelbase | Text |
| Newey-Aster | 10/12 HP | 1907–1907 | | | | Aster engine |
| Newey-Aster | 20/22 HP | 1907–1907 | | | | Aster engine |
| Newey-Aster | 24/30 HP | 1907–1907 | | | | Aster engine |
| Newey | 10 HP | 1913–1916 | 4 cylinder | 1327 cm$^3$ | 2743 mm | Aster engine |
| Newey | 10/18 HP | 1915–1919 | 4 cylinder | 1526 cm$^3$ | 2591 mm | |
| G.N.L. | | 1916–1919 | 4 cylinder | 2400 cm$^3$ | | Motor aus den USA |
| Newey | 10/12 HP | 1918–1921 | 4 cylinder | 1505 cm$^3$ | 2743 mm | |
| Newey | 11/15 HP | 1919–1921 | 4 cylinder | 1795 cm$^3$ | 2743 mm | |
| Newey | 12/15 HP | etwa 1919–1921 | 4 cylinder | 1750 cm$^3$ | | Motor von Chapuis-Dornier |
| Newey | 11.9 HP | 1920–1921 | 4 cylinder | 1557 cm$^3$ | 2591 mm | |
# Petla Uma Sankara Ganesh

Petla Uma Sankara Ganesh is an Indian politician from the YSR Congress Party. He is a former Member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Narsipatnam constituency for 2019.

## Biography

Uma Sankara Ganesh was born in a Telugu-speaking Koppula Velama family in Narsipatnam, Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. His native village is Bapiraju Kothapalli, Kotauratla Mandal in Visakhapatnam District. He studied at St. Theresa R.C.M. high school in Pedaboddepalli. He is the brother of Telugu film director Puri Jagannadh.
# Government of the Canary Islands

The Government of the Canary Islands is the institution that holds the executive power within the competence framework of the autonomous community of the Canary Islands, in Spain, conferred by the Statute of Autonomy of the Canary Islands.
The Statute of Autonomy of the Canary Islands (approved by Organic Law 10/1982, of August 10, amended by Organic Law 4/1996, of December 30) is the institutional norm that constitutes the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands, providing it with its framework basic organizational and functional At the administrative top —and as an exponent of the autonomous executive power— is the Government of the Canary Islands.
The Government of the Canary Islands has its main headquarters in Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
The current autonomous regime of the Canary Islands arises as a result of the representative democratic system established in Spain with the entry into force of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 on December 28.
# Krivača, Bileća

Krivača (Serbian Cyrillic: Кривача) is a village in the municipality of Bileća, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Pfander (surname)

Pfander, Pfänder or Pfaender is a surname.

## People with the surname

* Alexander Pfänder (1870–1941), German philosopher
* Carl Heinrich Pfänder (1819–1876), German portrait painter and revolutionary
* James Pfander, American lawyer
* Karl Gottlieb Pfander (1803–1865), Swiss missionary
* William Pfaender (1826–1905), German-American politician and businessman
# Gourde (disambiguation)

The Haitian gourde is the currency of Haiti.
Gourde may also refer to:
* Gaston Gourde, a politician with the Liberal Party of Canada
* Jacques Gourde, a politician of the Conservative Party of Canada
* Yanni Gourde, a Canadian ice hockey player
# Customer service unit

In telecommunications, a customer service unit (CSU) is a device that provides an accessing arrangement at a user location to either switched or point-to-point, data-conditioned circuits at a specifically established data signaling rate.
A CSU provides local loop equalization, transient protection, isolation, and central office loop-back testing capability.
# Glendale Cove

Glendale Cove is an uninhabited locality that was the site of a cannery owned by Francis Millerd & Co., located on the south side of Knight Inlet in the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. The cannery was located on the east side of the cove. Somewhere in the vicinity was a village of the Kwakwaka'wakw named Zalidis.
# Loubaresse, Cantal

Loubaresse (French pronunciation:; Auvergnat: Lobaressa) is a former municipality located in the Cantal department in Auvergne, southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Val-d'Arcomie.

## Geography

Municipality located in the Massif Central, in Margeride. It is one hour away from Clermont-Ferrand, and two hours away from Montpellier.

## History

In old French, Loubaresse means: village where wolves are crossing (corresponds to the Occitan word “lobaressa”, which means “wolves’ haunted place”.) The Chaliers “Lou Balax” ancient section is a part of Loubaresse, which can probably better explain the name's origin. The “Balax” means ditch, gorge, or ravine.

## Places and monuments

♦ Longevialle Castle, 17th century. Longevialle Castle was built around 1960 by Antoine Guerin Falcon de Longevialle, but it was probably inhabited from the 16th century. Until 1958, it was the fiefdom of the Falcon de Longevialle family. Over centuries, it was extended until he became the horseshoe-shaped building we know now, completed by two buildings which form an overhang on the principal line of the front of the castle. In 1958, because of the construction of the Grandval dam, the Longevialle family was expropriated, and those two buildings destroyed. So, some elements of decoration were removed with the owner's agreement. In 1961, the castle returned to the family because French national electricity company gave up the demolition of the principal building. Unfortunately, uninhabitable and isolated, it would be damaged by the years and the looters robbed the last paneling, and floorboards. In 1979, the Farmer's House (which will become the Margeride eco museum) managed by Guy Brun, offered to buy, restore and bring to life the castle. It received the prize “Masterpiece in danger” in 1980 for the restoration of the North wing and obtained a ranking in the Extra Inventory of Historical Monuments for the elevations, the roof, and the wonderful granite stairs. In 2000, the mixed federation Garabit-Grandval, the new owner, decided to sell the castle instead of setting up an important restoration campaign of the South wing of which roof was in danger of collapsing. Jean-Yves de Longevialle offered to buy the Castle in January 2001 and immediately took up the restoration program again. After the renovation of the frame and the roof, the owner is now looking for original pieces of decoration (Doors, paneling, chimneys) to restore the castle as it was in 1958, before the expropriation.
♦ The Garabit viaduct
♦ The Pierre Allegre farm, Margeride eco-museum
♦ The Pompignac dungeon
♦ The Torrette farm

## Personalities linked with the commune

♦ Bertrand Duguesclin
♦ Gustave Eiffel
♦ Henri-Georges Clouzot
# Rewandi

Rewandi is a village in the Malvan taluka of Sindhudurg district in Maharashtra State, India. Revandi is other variation for the same name. Ozar is the other village along with Rewandi in Rewandi Panchayat.

## Main Attractions

* Bhadrakali temple attract the tourists to this village. Shri Bhadrakali is Resident deity of Revandi village.
* Ozar is a religious place near the village Revandi, which is 4 km from Malvan. It is a famous for a cave, which is known as Bhramhanand Swami Cave.

## Notable personalities

* Veteran Marathi theatre actor, director, and producer Macchindra Kambli was born in this village.
# Pothead

A pothead is a type of insulated electrical terminal used for transitioning between overhead line and underground high-voltage cable or for connecting overhead wiring to equipment like transformers. Its name comes from the process of potting or encapsulation of the conductors inside the terminal's insulating bushing.

## Description

Potheads are used where higher-voltage power lines go underground, generally voltages of 600 volts or greater. They are used mostly for service drops for commercial and industrial buildings. For lower voltages such as those used for residential service drops, another weather seal called a weatherhead is used.
The device consists of a molded plastic housing that attaches to the end of an electrical conduit that carries the underground cables up the utility pole to the crossarm. Multiple bushing insulators project from the plastic body, each ending at an electrical terminal. Each overhead wire is connected to a bushing terminal from which the current passes through a rod down the center of the bushing to the interior of the housing, where it is connected to a wire from the conduit. Thus the device allows the overhead conductors to pass into the conduit while serving as a seal to keep out water. The purpose of the bushings, which have corrugations moulded into their surfaces, is to provide enough creepage distance along their surface to prevent leakage current from the high voltage terminal from flowing to the grounded metal conduit.

## Superseded

Pothead was once defined in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Std 48-1962 "Standards for Potheads." This standard was superseded by IEEE Std 48-1975 "IEEE Standard Test Procedures and Requirements for High-Voltage Alternating-Current Cable Terminations," and "pothead" was dropped from usage. The current standard is IEEE Std 48–2020.
What was once called a pothead is now called a "Class I High-Voltage Cable Termination," which must meet these requirements:
* Electrical stress control
* Insulation between the conductors and ground
* An environmental seal

## Alternatives

Formerly, medium- and high-voltage cables (from about 2.5 kV and above) were terminated with hand-made "stress cones" composed of multiple layers of insulating tape, semi-conductive tape, and insulating putty. By tapering the layers of tape carefully, the potential gradient from the inside of the cable to free air was reduced so as not to cause electrical breakdown and tracking along the surface of the termination. Current practice for these terminations is to use a pre-molded rubber stress cone, which can be slipped over the cable end and shrunk to fit snugly around the exposed cable insulation. This saves considerable installation labor and reduces the chance of errors.
High voltage terminations conforming to IEEE Std 48-1990 and not requiring potting compound are illustrated below:
* Transition of a 60kv powerline between overhead and underground
* Transition of a 4160 Volt powerline from overhead to underground
* Pothead for one phase
# Cintray, Eure-et-Loir

Cintray (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
# Glendale Falls

Glendale Falls may refer to:
* Glendale Falls (Hamilton, Ontario)
* Glendale Falls (Massachusetts)
# Chris Flook

Chris Flook (born February 1, 1973) is an Olympic and national record holding swimmer from Bermuda. He swam for Bermuda at the 1992 Olympics.
At the 1993 Central American & Caribbean Games, he set the Bermuda Records in the 100 and 200 Breaststrokes (1:04.04 and 2:22.93).
He swam for Bermuda at the:
* 1994 Commonwealth Games
* 1993 Central American & Caribbean Games
* 1992 Olympics
* 1991 Pan American Games
# Maurice Hintze

Maurice Alexander Hintze was a male athlete who competed for England.

## Athletics career

He competed in the 220 yards at the 1934 British Empire Games in London.
# Christophe Bentz

Christophe Bentz (born 4 July 1987 in Rueil-Malmaison) is a French author, lecturer, commentator and politician affiliated to the National Rally.
Since 2022 he has been a member of the National Assembly for Haute-Marne's 1st constituency.

## Biography

Bentz graduated with degrees in history, political science and communication with a focus on music and French culture. He worked as an advisor to the cabinet of the president of the Departmental Council of Charente and also taught sociology at the Institute of Social, Economic and Political Sciences of Lyon (ISSEP).
Bentz first became involved in politics when he helped with the No campaign during the 2005 French European Constitution referendum. He then became a member of the Movement for France (MPF) party and was president of its youth-wing Jeunes pour la France in 2010. However, he was removed from the position by party leader Philippe de Villiers in 2011 after he contributed to the controversial book Décrypter l'antiracisme en une heure which was accused of endorsing racial biology and caused a stir when he described abortion as "mass murder."
He then co-founded the think-tank Movement of values for dissident France, which merged into the Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms (SIEL) party the following year. In the 2012 French legislative election he unsuccessfully stood as a candidate for the Christian Democratic Party before joining the National Rally in 2017.
During the 2022 French legislative election, he was selected to run in Haute-Marne's 1st constituency. Bentz focused his campaign on rural issues, pension reform and local healthcare. He was ultimately successful in taking the seat.
# Maud, West Virginia

Maud is an unincorporated community in Wetzel County, West Virginia, United States. Its post office has been closed.
# Christian Francis

Christian Francis (born 13 March 1968) is a Lebanese rower. He competed in the men's single sculls event at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the 1991 World Rowing Championships in Vienna, Austria and in the 1992 Arab Rowing Championships in Cairo, Egypt, where he won second place to be awarded a silver medal.
# Christian Schoeler

Christian Schoeler (October 26, 1976, in Hagen, Germany – December 28, 2015) was a German contemporary painter known for his watercolors and oil paintings, who lived and worked in Düsseldorf.
He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, with Günther Förg, completing his studies in 2007. His work has been included in exhibitions in Cologne, Düsseldorf, London, Miami and Paris. Schoeler's work is often concerned with the ideas of fragility, beauty, vulnerability, as well as representations of youth and masculinity. "Seen up close, the rich rendering of the surfaces of his models' skin is second only to the rich surfaces of the paintings themselves. It’s hard not to get lost in what he describes as the boundary between what is on the inside and what is on the outside."
In 2009, Schoeler collaborated with Louis Vuitton’s Paul Helbers, designing a suit made entirely out of painted canvas for the Esquire (UK Edition) Singular Suit Project, which was then exhibited at Somerset House in London. This collaboration was followed by a second in January 2010 when he and Helbers created a series of hand-painted leather bags for Vuitton's fall/winter 2010/2011 men's wear collection.
His work has been featured in Dazed & Confused, AnOtherMan, OZON Magazine, Vogue Homme International, eastvillageboys.com, and The New York Times The Moment Blog.
# Girton

Girton may refer to:
* Girton, Cambridgeshire, England
* Girton, Nottinghamshire, England
* Girton College, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England
* Girton High School, Mumbai, India
* Girton Grammar School, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
# Mawlaik Township

Mawlaik Township is a township in Mawlaik District in the Sagaing Division of western Burma. The principal town is Mawlaik.
# Christian Berger

Christian Berger (born 13 January 1945) is an Austrian cinematographer. His 1985 film Raffl was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival. He is mostly known for his work with Michael Haneke. In February 2010, Berger was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on The White Ribbon at the 82nd Academy Awards. He also won the ASC Award for Best Cinematography for the same film.
Berger invented the Cine Reflect Lighting System which he used on his latest films. Besides his work as director of photography he also teaches cinematography at the Vienna Film Academy.
Berger is married to actress Marika Green, and is thus the uncle of Eva Green.

## Filmography

Feature films
* Raffl (1984)
* Benny's Video (1992)
* 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance (1994)
* The Piano Teacher (2001)
* Ne fais pas ça! (2004)
* Caché (2005)
* Disengagement (2007)
* The White Ribbon (2009)
* Ludwig II (2012)
* The Notebook (2013)
* By the Sea (2015)
* Night of a 1000 Hours (2016)
* Happy End (2017)
# Gloria Bohanon

Gloria Racine Bohanon (June 19, 1938 – May 7, 2008) was an American visual artist and educator based in Los Angeles, California. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She received a BA in Art Education and an MA in Art Education from Wayne State. She also studied at Otis College of Art and Design in 1973. She was an active member of the Los Angeles contemporary art scene in the 1970s. As a professor at Los Angeles Community College, she organized "Black Culture Week" in 1974. She taught design, painting, printmaking, and served as chair of the Arts Department while there. She was the director of ADAPT, an organization for disabled students (Accommodated Disabled Arts Program and Training) while at LACC.

## Career

Bohanon was one of the earliest members of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's Black Arts Council. Her work was shown with other influential African American artists who were based in LA, including "The Sapphire Show" in 1970 at Gallery 32 with Betye Saar, Suzanne Jackson, Yvonne Cole Meo, and Senga Nengudi. Bohanon was also featured with Betye Saar and Suzanne Jackson at Womanspace in 1973 in an exhibition titled "Black Mirror." She had solo exhibitions at Alonzo and Dale Davis' Brockman Gallery. She was also included in a 1971 book Black Artists on Art, Volume 2.
# Max Moser

Max Moser (born 24 September 1949) is an Austrian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
# Max Morton

Max Morton (3 January 1943, Liverpool – 1 March 2021, Schaerbeek) was a British-born Belgian painter.

## Biography

Morton left the United Kingdom at the age of two and joined his parents in Chile, Peru, and Argentina, where he lived throughout his youth. At a young age, he became interested in painting, particularly traditional, Pre-Columbian art. He created personal colours and pigments using natural or old colours. In his spare time, he was also a poet and philosopher, which influenced his paintings in the sense that he reflected his beliefs of luminosity on his dreamlike scenery. He blended Native American cultures, abstract art, impressionism, expressionism, and Fauvism. The protests of May 68 inspired him to begin exhibiting in Paris five years later. Many exhibitions followed in France, Morocco, Spain, Australia, and Belgium. He spent most of his career living in Schaerbeek, near Brussels.
Morton died in Schaerbeek on 1 March 2021, at the age of 78.