# Central Hunter Valley eucalypt forest and woodland

The Central Hunter Valley eucalypt forest and woodland is a grassy woodland community situated in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. It was listed in May 2015 as critically endangered under Australia's national environment law. The Warkworth Sands Woodland of the Hunter Valley, situated in the area, was gazetted as an endangered ecological community in New South Wales on 13 December 2002 under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and now under the Biodiversity Act of 2016.

## Geography

It is found on low hillslopes and low ridges, or valley floors in undulating land, on soils traced from finer grained sedimentary rocks. The Warkworth Sands Woodland occurs on aeolian sand deposits south of Singleton in the Hunter Valley. These sand dunes are thought to date from the Pleistocene, are from 1–6 m high and rest on a river terrace. Under the Commonwealth EPBC Act it is listed as Warkworth Sands Woodland of the Hunter Valley.
Warkworth Sands Woodland is found in a small area near Warkworth, with only 800 hectares remaining (thought to be perhaps 13% of its pre-settlement extent). The entire known endangered community lies outside conservation reserves. Extending from Newcastle in the southeast to Murrurundi to the northwest, traversing large towns such as Singleton and Muswellbrook, the community features mid to low woodland that is generally dominated by Angophora floribunda in its canopy and Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia or Acacia filicifolia in the sub-canopy.

## Ecology

It is dominated by Eucalyptus crebra, Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus dawsonii, Angophora floribunda, Eucalyptus blakelyi, Eucalyptus glaucina, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus moluccana. Other tree species include Brachychiton populneus, Callitris endlicheri, Acacia salicina, Eucalyptus albens and Eucalyptus punctata.
Animals include Litoria aurea, Petrogale penicillata, Pteropus poliocephalus, Pseudomys novaehollandiae, Dasyurus maculatus, Chalinolobus dwyeri, Nyctophilus corbeni, and Grantiella picta. Threatened fauna which have been recorded in Warkworth Sands Woodland are: Petaurus norfolcensis, (Squirrel Glider), Chthonicola saggitata (Speckled Warbler), Climacteris picumnus victoriae (Brown treecreeper) and Pomatostomus temporalis temporalis (Grey-crowned Babbler).
Plant species listed as occurring in Warkworth Sands Woodland in the Sydney Basin Bioregion :
Acacia falcataAcacia filicifoliaAjuga australisAllocasuarina littoralisAllocasuarina luehmanniiAmyema pendulumAngophora floribundaAristida calycinaAristida ramosaAristida vagansAristida warburgiiBanksia integrifoliaBrachyloma daphnoidesBreynia oblongifoliaCallitris endlicheriCalotis cuneifolia
Cheilanthes sieberiChrysocephalum apiculatumDesmodium variansDianella revolutaDichondra species AEchinopogon caespitosusEchinopogon intermediusEinadia trigonosEntolasia strictaEucalyptus glaucinaEucalyptus blakelyi/tereticornis intergradesEucalyptus crebraExocarpos cupressiformisExocarpos strictusHardenbergia violaceaHibbertia linearis
Hovea linearisHypoxis hygrometricaImperata cylindricaIndigofera australisJacksonia scopariaLeucopogon muticusLomandra glaucaLomandra leucocephalaMelaleuca decoraMelaleuca thymifoliaPersoonia linearisPimelea linifoliaPomax umbellataPteridium esculentumSolanum prinophyllumVittadinia sulcata :

## NSW cases involving Warkworth Sands Woodland

* Bulga Milbrodale Progress Association Inc v Minister for Planning and Infrastructure and Warkworth Mining Limited [2013] NSWLEC 48 Bulga Milbrodale Progress association won its appeal against a ministerially approved extension of the open-cut Warkworth Mine.
* Warkworth Mining Limited v Bulga Milbrodale Progress Association Inc [2014] NSWCA 105. This case appealed the previous decision of the Land and Environment court which disallowed an extension of the open-cut mine. The appeal was dismissed.

## Gallery

* Jacksonia scoparia on Warkworth Sands
* Grevillea montana on Warkworth Sands
* Angophora floribunda in Warkworth Sands Woodland