OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Earl of Stirling

Earl of Stirling was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created on 14 June 1633 for William Alexander, 1st Viscount of Stirling. He had already been created a Baronet, of Menstrie, Clackmannanshire in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 12 July 1625, then Lord Alexander of Tullibody and Viscount of Stirling on 4 September 1630, then Earl of Dovan in 1639. He was made Viscount of Canada at the same time that he was granted the earldom of Stirling. The other peerage titles were also in the Peerage of Scotland. The titles became dormant upon the death of the fifth Earl in 1739.

## Earls of Stirling (1633)

* William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling (1576–1640)
* William Alexander, 2nd Earl of Stirling (d. 1640)
* Henry Alexander, 3rd Earl of Stirling (d. 1644)
* Henry Alexander, 4th Earl of Stirling (d. 1691)
* Henry Alexander, 5th Earl of Stirling (1664–1739)

## Later claimants
### William Alexander

William Alexander, a military officer from New Jersey who was a major-general in the Continental Army during the American War of Independence, pursued a claim to succeed to the dormant earldom from 1756 to 1759. The claim from senior male descent from the first Earl's grandfather was ultimately turned down by the House of Lords in 1762, although he was allowed to vote in the election of the Scottish representative peers.

### Alexander Humphrys-Alexander

In the 19th century, there was an attempt to assert that there was a new grant of the title of Earl of Dovan connected with the title of Earl of Stirling, and a new destination of descent for the title of Earl of Stirling, with the title claimed by Alexander Humphrys-Alexander (1783–1859). Mary Hill, Marchioness of Downshire brought a petition before the House of Lords in 1832, claiming that she would be the rightful heir as the descendant of Judith Alexander, sister of Henry Fifth Earl of Stirling. A court case filed in 1839 ruled that at least two of the seventeen documents in support of the case were forgeries; Humphrys-Alexander himself was acquitted of personal responsibility for making them.
The case and the associated forgery was one inspiration for the very popular three-volume novel Ten Thousand a-Year, by Samuel Warren (1807–1877). Warren also wrote directly of the case in his "Miscellanies", titling the article "The Romance of Forgery".
# Mõisamaa, Jõgeva County

Mõisamaa is a village in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia.
# Limnatis

Limnatis may refer to:
* Limnatis (leech), a genus of leeches
* Limnatis, Limassol, a village in Cyprus
* Limnatis River, a river in Cyprus discharging into the Kouris Dam
* Limnatis, an epithet of Artemis
# Helen Lokuta

Helen Lokuta (born 12 April 1975 in Tartu) is an Estonian opera singer (mezzo-soprano).
Lokuta studied in Music Class at Tartu 7th High School (currently Karlova Gymnasium) and graduated from Aino Kõiv’s violin class at the Heino Eller Tartu Music School in 1997. She has also studied in Karlsruhe University of Music in 2000 and Karlsruhe Opera Highschool in 2001 with Prof. Maria Venuti. In 2002 she graduated with a bachelor's degree from Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre with Pille Lill and Prof. Tamara Novitšenko. In 2014 she obtained magister's degree from Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre with Jaakko Ryhänen.
Since 2004 she has participated in Tõnu Kaljuste’s project Nargen Opera. From 2001 to 2006 Helen Lokuta has worked as free-lance/guest soloist and since 2006 as a soloist at the Estonian National Opera.

## Awards

* 1994 1st prize in Estonian Youth Singers Competition
* 2005 2nd prize in International vocalists competition in Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre
* 2005 Young Musician of the Year from the Pille Lill Music Fund
* 2007 Annual Prize of Estonian Teatre Union
* 2007 Estonian Cultural Endowment prize
* 2011, 2015 and 2019 SEB Audience Award

## Roles

* Georges Bizet "Carmen" (Carmen)
* Rimskij-Korsakov "Tsaari Mõrsja" (Ljubaša)
* Giuseppe Verdi "La Traviata" (Flora)
* Pjotr Tšaikovski "Padaemand" (Polina)
* Wolfgang Mozart “Le nozze di Figaro” (Cherubino)
* Emmerich Kálmán “Die Csardasfürstin” (Silva)
* George Händel “Julius Caesar” (Cleopatra)
# Donaghmore Ashbourne GAA

Donaghmore/Ashbourne GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the town of Ashbourne in County Meath, Ireland. The club competes in Meath competitions. The team was founded in 1923 under the name Donaghmore but was renamed Donaghmore/Ashbourne in 1996 to reflect the increased number of players and supporters from Ashbourne. The club has won 3 Meath Senior Football Championship.

## History

The club was founded under the name Donaghmore in 1923 in the townland 3 km south of Ashbourne. The club won three Senior Football Championships in 1927, 1928 and 1942. In more recent times the club has had success at Junior and Intermediate levels and currently has 45 teams competing at Football, Hurling, Ladies Football and Camogie.

## Honours

* Meath Senior Football Championship: 3
** 1927, 1928, 1942
* Meath Intermediate Football Championship: 4
** 1938, 1950, 1959, 2007
* Meath Minor Football Championship: 4
** 2006, 2007, 2008, 2013
* Feis Cup Winners: 5
** 1938, 1950, 1959, 2016, 2017
* Meath Intermediate Hurling Championship: 1
** 1976
* Meath Junior Hurling Championship: 2
** 1974, 1994
* Meath Junior 2 Hurling Championship: 2
** 1989, 2009
* Meath Intermediate Camogie Championship: 1
** 2010
# Pachybrachis abdominalis

Pachybrachis abdominalis is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# CHAPS detergent

CHAPS is a zwitterionic surfactant used in the laboratory to solubilize biological macromolecules such as proteins. It may be synthesized from cholic acid and is zwitterionic due to its quaternary ammonium and sulfonate groups; it is structurally similar to certain bile acids, such as taurodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. It is used as a non-denaturing detergent in the process of protein purification and is especially useful in purifying membrane proteins, which are often sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous solution due to their native hydrophobicity.
CHAPS is an abbreviation for 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate. A related detergent, called CHAPSO, has the same basic chemical structure with an additional hydroxyl functional group; its full chemical name is 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate. Both detergents have low light absorbance in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is useful for monitoring ongoing chemical reactions or protein-protein binding with UV/Vis spectroscopy.
# Chadsey

Chadsey may refer to:

## People

* Charles Ernest Chadsey (1870–1930), American educator and school administrator
* Geoffrey Chadsey (born 1967), American artist

## Places

* Chadsey Lake, on Sumas Mountain
* Chadsey High School, a public secondary school in Detroit, Michigan
# Early in the Morning (Lorez Alexandria album)

Early in the Morning is an album by American jazz vocalist Lorez Alexandria featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Argo label.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic reviewer Thom Jurek stated "Ultimately, Early in the Morning is the most sophisticated kind of blues recording. The musical arrangements are both groove-laden and wonderfully impressionistic, allowing Alexandria's unusual delivery line plenty of space to play".

## Track listing

* "Early in the Morning" (Louis Jordan, Dallas Bartley, Leo Hickman) – 2:58
* "Don't Explain" (Billie Holiday, Arthur Herzog Jr.) – 3:13
* "So Long" (Remus Harris, Russ Morgan, Irving Melsher) – 3:28
* "Good Morning Heartache" (Irene Higginbotham, Ervin Drake, Dan Fisher) – 3:19
* "Trouble Is a Man" (Alec Wilder) – 2:44
* "I Ain't Got Nothin' but the Blues (Duke Ellington, Don George) – 2:22
* "Baby Don't You Cry" (Buddy Johnson) – 2:15
* "Rocks in My Bed" (Ellington) – 2:42
* "I'm Just a Lucky So-and-So" (Ellington, Mack David) – 3:02
* "I Almost Lost My Mind" (Ivory Joe Hunter) – 3:03

## Personnel

* Lorez Alexandria – vocals
Tracks 1–10:
* Ramsey Lewis – piano
* Eldee Young – bass
* Red Holt – drums
* Johnny Gray – guitar
Tracks 6–10:
* Frank Foster – tenor saxophone, arranger
* Joe Newman – trumpet
* Al Grey – trombone
* Frank Wess – flute, tenor saxophone
* Freddie Green – rhythm guitar
* Kirk Stuart – arranger (tracks 1–5)
# Early in the Morning (radio play)

Early in the Morning is a 1946 Australian radio feature by Ruth Park about Abel Tasman.
The play was well received and was produced again in 1947, 1949, 1951, 1953 and 1959.
The play was one of six Australian plays picked by the ABC to commemorate Australia's Jubilee in 1951.
Public response to the play was strong.
The play was one of a series of radio dramas by Park about European exploration of Australia, others being Stormy Was the Weather (on James Cook) and I'll Meet You in Botany Bay on (Governor Phillip). According to Leslie Rees these plays:
   Formed an eloquent and fine-tempered reverse sequence bearing on the theme of discovery. They combined the presentation of factual incidents with a keen imaginative perception of character under stress, an ironical feeling for the forlornness, anguish or disillusionment of persons born to a place in history, an appreciation of pioneering courage and achievement set against the failure of private life to fulfil its expectations. These plays had the salt tang of the sea, the roll or pitch of wooden ships breasting through uncharted waters, as well as vivid or bitter personal emotions.

## Reception

Reviewing the 1951 production The Age said the play "has a good deal of. strength in the telling, and suggests a certain amount of authenticity as to fact, but it ends unsatisfactorily In that it brands him as a failure after his first voyage for not having discovered the Great South Land." However the critic specified "As a piece of dramatic writing" the play "is well contrived. The dialogue is crisp and there is little confusion in separating the characters."
Reviewing the 1953 production the Adelaide Advertiser called it a "self-conscious attempt to draw a heavily realistic portrait, and that in striving for imaginative accuracy the writer had fallen into the pit of deliberate debunking... It was almost as though we were being asked to forget the great discoverer and to remember the weaknesses of the man."

## Premise

"At the dawn of the sixteenth century Abel Tasman set sail from Batavia in his fragile but swift-sailing ship, Zeeliaen. He had been commissioned to And the mysterious continent Terra Australis, the mythical land of fabulous wealth, and claim it for Holland."

## Cast of 1947 production

* Peter Finch as Abel Tasman
* Hilda Scurr as Sybelia
* Richard Matthews as Jansen
* Alfred Bristowe as Bisscher
* Vivian Edwards as Anthony van Diemen
* Ben Lewin as Sol Sweers
* John Brunskill and Frederick Chalkley as Two Men
* Directed by Frank Harvey

## Cast of 1959 production

* Bruce Beeby as Tasman
* Frances Worthington as Sybitla
* Owen Weingott as Narrator
* Connie Hobbs as Woman
* Douglas Bladon as Man
* John Bluthal as Jansen
* Lionel Stevens as Visscher
* David Faclie as Van Diemen
* Phillip ColJedge as Sweers
* Charles McCallum as Maetsuycker
* Charles Tasman as Schouten
* Terry McDermott
* Directed by Paul O'Loughlin
# ESignal

eSignal, a Windows-based application, uses JavaScript as the basis for the scripting language that programmers and traders can use for building custom indicators. This, in effect, includes eSignal users in the base from which to draw programmers for writing indicators.

## Advertisement for the company

eSignal provides streaming, real-time market data, news and analytics. The other products offered under the eSignal brand include eSignal, Advanced GET, eSignal OnDemand,
eSignal, Advanced GET, couples eSignal's market data, back testing and trading strategy tools with a proprietary set of indicators, including the Elliott Oscillator, eXpert Trend Locator and False Bar Stochastic. Its rules-based set-ups include the signature Advanced GET Type 1 and 2 trades.
# EShop (disambiguation)

eShop Inc. was an American computer software company acquired by Microsoft in 1996
eShop or e-shop may also refer to:
* Nintendo eShop, an online marketplace for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U
* e-shop, online shopping
# Liberalism in Slovakia

This article is intended to give an overview of liberalism in Slovakia.

## History
### During the Communist era

In 1944, the conservative Democratic Party was founded. In 1948, the Democratic Party was replaced by the pro-communist Party of Slovak Revival.

### Late 20th century

In 1989, Hungarian liberals established the Independent Hungarian Initiative [cs]. In 1992, the party was renamed to the Hungarian Civic Party. In 1998, the party merged into the Hungarian Coalition Party [cs].
Also in 1989, the Party of Slovak Revival renamed itself to Democratic Party. During the same year, Public Against Violence was formed. In 1991, Public Against Violence was renamed to Civic Democratic Union.
In 1993, Dissidents from the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia established the Alliance of Democrats of the Slovak Republic, led by Milan Kňažko In 1994, the party merged with a second dissident group, the Alliance for Political Realism, into the Democratic Union of Slovakia (Demokratická Únia na Slovensku). In 1995, Democratic Union of Slovakia merged with the National Democratic Party into the Democratic Union.

### 21st century

In 2001, liberals around Pavol Rusko established the Alliance of the New Citizen (ANC). In 2006, Hope split from ANC. In March 2009, liberals around the economist Richard Sulík established the Freedom and Solidarity party, which is the ideological successor of the Alliance of the New Citizen. In 2016–17, liberals founded Progressive Slovakia. In 2018, Together – Civic Democracy led by former SDKÚ-DS member Miroslav Beblavý split from the Slovak Conservative Party.
In 2018, widespread protests over the murder of Ján Kuciak were seen as a signal of a comeback for Slovak liberals. In the 2019 Slovak presidential election, Zuzana Čaputová's election as president was described by Foreign Policy as "[seeming] to confirm the ascendance of Slovak liberals that had started the previous year".
# Liberalism in Peru

This article gives an overview of liberalism in Peru. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament.

## Introduction

Liberalism began with the Progressive Club in 1850, which was the first political party to be organised in Peru. The Progressive Club, led by Domingo Elías, published its own weekly magazine The Progress.

## The timeline
### Liberal Party of Peru

* 1884: José Quimper founded the Liberal Party of Peru.
* 1931: Pedro Beltrán changed the name of the party to Agrarian Party.
* 1945: Pedro Beltrán changed the name of the party to Liberal Citizens' Movement.
* 1947: Pedro Beltrán changed the name of the party to Liberal Alliance.
* 1955: Pedro Roselló changed the name of the party to Liberal Coalition.
* 1962: Pedro Beltrán changed the name of the party to Liberal Movement.
* 1963: The Liberal Movement became the Liberal Party of Peru, ever since then the party has not changed its name again.
* 1992: As the civil war broke out against Fujimorians, the party became a leaderless movement.
* 2024: The Liberal Party of Peru, as a leaderless movement, has been supporting the government in exile in spite of its distrust of the Liberty Movement.

### Liberty Movement

* 1987: Mario Vargas Llosa founded the Liberty Movement (Movimiento de la Libertad) together with some celebrities who had recanted clerical fascism.
* 1988: The party set up an electoral alliance with some clerical fascist parties.
* 1990: The party split from the electoral alliance and began to defend liberalism in earnest.
* 1992: The civil war broke out against Fujimorians and the party organised the government in exile together with the Peruvian Socialist Movement.
* 2021: The party claimed to have 8 million members.

### Liberal Union

* 1994: Javier Pérez de Cuéllar founded the Liberal Union, or Fujimorian Union, or Liberals and Social Liberals United for Fujimoria ("Unión por Fujimoria", UP). In spite of its claims of being a liberal party, this party has supported Fujimorians since the beginning of the civil war.
* 2000: Pérez de Cuéllar resigned.
* 2005: The party embraced Quechuan national socialism.
* 2006: The party returned to social democracy.
* 2011: The party embraced Christian national socialism.
* 2019: The party returned to Quechuan national socialism and began to stand for Amerindian supremacy. It has been proposing to unite all Quechuans in one state. Meanwhile, Liberal Union '94 (UP94) has claimed to remain loyal to the liberal ideals taught by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar.

## Liberal leaders

* Domingo Elías
* José Quimper
* Augusto Durand
* Pedro Beltrán Espantoso
* Pedro Roselló
* Enrique Ghersi

## Liberal thinkers

In the contributions to liberal theory the following Peruvian thinker is included:
* José Quimper
* Gonzales Prada
# EWD

EWD may refer to:

## Gaming

* Extreme Warfare Deluxe, a text-based wrestling-themed computer game

## Science and technology

* Edsger W. Dijkstra (1930–2002), Dutch systems and computer scientist
** EWDs, his manuscripts
* Electric window defogger, on vehicular rear windows
* Electrical wiring diagram
* Electrowetting display, a form of electronic paper

## Rail transport

* Earlswood railway station (West Midlands), in England
* Eastwood railway station, in Sydney, Australia
# Eberbach

Eberbach can refer to:
* Eberbach (Baden), a city on the river Neckar in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
* Eberbach Abbey, a Cistercian monastery in Germany
* Eberbach Pax, a reliquary from Eberbach Abbey
* Eberbach-Seltz, a commune of the Bas-Rhin département in France
* Eberbach (Mergbach), a river of Hesse, Germany, tributary of the Mergbach
* Heinrich Eberbach, World War II German panzer general
* Konrad of Eberbach, (died 1221), Cistercian monk and later abbot of Eberbach Abbey
* Eberbach, the former German name of the Prussian village that is now Gortatowo, Poland
# My Passport

My Passport is a series of portable external hard drives and solid state drives produced by Western Digital. There are currently six series of My Passport drives; Essential Edition, Essential SE Edition, Elite Edition, Essential for Mac, Studio Edition and the Essential SE for Mac.
Drives in the series are designed to look like and be the size of a passport. None of them require a power socket although the "elite editions" feature a docking system.

## Standard editions
### Essential Edition

Essential Editions include USB 2.0 though new models also include USB 3.0 ports, the white LED Indicator.

### Essential SE Edition

Essential SE Editions have both USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 ports and come in 750 GB and 1 TB variations; the Essential SE Edition has the same physical appearance as the Essential Edition.

### Elite Edition

Elite Editions have a USB 2.0 port and come in 320 GB (298 GiB), 500 GB (466 GiB)and 640 GB (596 GiB) variations. Elite Editions include a desktop dock and have a LED capacity gauge on the front and a lock indicator. This edition comes in red, blue and black.

## Mac editions
### Essential Edition

The Essential Edition for MacBook Pro and Air has a USB 2.0 port and a capacity of 320 GB (298 GiB) and is available in gloss black. It has the same design as the Essential Edition.

### Essential SE Edition

The Essential SE Edition for Mac has a USB 2.0 port and a capacity of 1 TB and comes in silver. It has the same design as the Essential Edition.

### Studio Edition

The Studio Edition has FireWire 400, FireWire 800 and USB 2.0 ports and a capacity of 320 GB (298 GiB) and 640 GB (596 GiB). The Studio Edition has a capacity gauge on the top side and has a silver appearance.

## Console editions
### My Passport X Edition

The My Passport X editions include a USB 3.0 port and come in 1TB and 2TB variations. This specific edition has been marketed as a hard drive designed to extend the storage capacity of consoles such as the Xbox and Playstation.
# Liga Femenina 2 de Baloncesto

Liga Femenina 2 is the second division of the women's league of basketball in Spain. It was founded in 2001.

## Competition format

Teams in this league are divided into two groups by geographical criteria. The top four teams of each one, qualify to the promotion playoffs. In these playoffs, the qualified teams are divided into two groups of four teams, where the two top teams qualify to the Finals. The two winners of the finals promote to Liga Femenina.
Until 2005, the promotion playoff consisted in best-of-three games series between the top four teams of each group.

## History

| Season | Promoted as champion | Promoted as runner-up |
| 2001–02 | Adecco Estudiantes | PDV Santa Eulalia |
| 2002–03 | PC Mendíbil | Rivas Futura |
| 2003–04 | Motiva Real Canoe | ACIS Mercaleón |
| 2004–05 | Universitario de Ferrol | Cadí La Seu |
| 2005–06 | Extrugasa | Rivas Futura |
| 2006–07 | Cadí La Seu | Agencia Serrano Badajoz |
| 2007–08 | USP-CEU MMT Estudiantes | COP Crespí Joventut Mariana |
| 2008–09 | Argon Uni Girona | Moguerza Real Canoe |
| 2009–10 | UNB Obenasa Navarra | Extrugasa |
| 2010–11 | Caja Rural Valbusenda | Arranz Jopisa Burgos |
| 2011–12 | Grupo Marsol Conquero | Coelbi Bembibre PDM |
| 2012–13 | Universidad del País Vasco | GDKO Ibaizabal |
| 2013–14 | Gernika Bizkaia | Al-Qázeres Extremadura |
| 2014–15 | CREF ¡Hola! | Plenilunio DO |
| 2015–16 | Lacturale Araski | Al-Qázeres Extremadura |
| 2016–17 | Snatt's Femení Sant Adrià | Adecco Estudiantes |
| 2017–18 | Durán Maquinaria Ensino | Valencia Basket |
| 2018–19 | Campus Promete | Ciudad de los Adelantados |
# Helene Thomas Bennett

Helene Thomas Bennett (July 5, 1901 – April 27, 1988) was an American bacteriologist and businesswoman who worked in Arizona. She opened the Yuma Clinical Laboratory in 1926, in Yuma, Arizona, which became the second largest medical laboratory in Arizona. She was posthumously inducted into the Arizona Women's Hall of Fame in 2011.

## Biography

Helene Alberta Thomas was born near Raton, New Mexico and was the eldest of three children of John Bertie Thomas and Catherine Helen (Wendell) Thomas. Her father was the engineer on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. When her father was killed in a railroad accident, her family moved to Kansas and later Jasper, Missouri. She received a degree in chemistry from the University of Kansas in 1922, followed by a master's degree in bacteriology. In 1926 she came to Yuma and established the Thomas Laboratory, one of the leading chemical laboratories in western Arizona. She also have a laboratory at El Centro, California.
In 1926 she married attorney Ray Crawford Bennett with whom she had three children. She was widowed in 1944.
Helene Thomas Bennett was a founding member of the Arizona Public Health Association and the Yuma Soroptimist Club. In 1953, she successfully ran for the Yuma School Board, becoming the first woman to serve in that position.
Bennett was the second woman in Yuma to get her pilot's license, and joined the Civil Air Patrol.
Bennett died in 1988.
# Dorcadion heinzi

Dorcadion heinzi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1964.
# Cnemaspis laoensis

Cnemaspis laoensis, also known as the Lao rock gecko, is a species of gecko endemic to Laos.
# Francisco Bobadilla

Francisco de Cabrera y Bobadilla (died 29 August 1529) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Salamanca (1510–1529) and Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo (1509–1510).

## Biography

On 22 January 1509 Francisco Bobadilla was selected by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Julius II as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo. On 18 November 1510 he was appointed by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Julius II as Bishop of Salamanca. He served as Bishop of Salamanca until his death on 29 August 1529. While Bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Vicente de Peraza, Bishop of Panamá (1521).