OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ebel

Ebel is a Swiss luxury watch company that was founded in 1911 at La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

## History

Eugène Blum and his wife Alice (née Lévy), founded Ebel in 1911. The brand name originates from the first letters of their names: Eugène Blum et Lévy. According to the company catalogue of 2008, Eugène was responsible for the technical elements, while Alice was responsible for aesthetics and design. Little is known about her public identity as an artist and entrepreneur, nor about her private life in the family and in the Jewish community. The prize certificate for a patented ring watch in 1914 demonstrates the societal restrictions and lack of recognition for women at the time, being issued to “Messieurs Blum & Cie, Fabrique Ebel La Chaux-de-Fonds” (Gentlemen Blum & Co.).
In 1929, their son Charles took over the management of the company. He built the sales network of the business by further expanding it into many foreign countries, including the United States. Under the direction of Blum's grandson Pierre-Alain, the company took a significant upturn since the beginning of the 1970s and produced wristwatches for Cartier. The company was part of LVMH Group until the end of the 2003.
Towards the end of 2003, LVMH sold Ebel to Movado Group for $62.2 million.

### The "Architects of Time"

Ebel has long sponsored the work of famous architects such as Le Corbusier (who was born in La Chaux-de-Fonds), Andree Putman, or — in the early 1990s — contemporary Swiss painters, such as Jean Arcelin. In 1986, the Villa Turque, an early masterpiece of Le Corbusier, was acquired by the group for its 75th anniversary.
In 2019, a gold-and-diamond wristwatch fabricated in 1974 and gifted from the singer Elvis Presley.
It is crafted in 18 kt gold and features 26 round white diamonds framing the clock face. A personal inscription reads, "From Elvis to J.D. Sumner 1974".
# Language Experience Approach

The Language Experience Approach (LEA) is a method for teaching literacy based on a child's existing experience of language.
Some of the components of the LEA were used in the 1920s, and this approach to initial literacy has been more widely used for the past thirty years. Especially in the context of open learning, teachers use the students' existing language and prior experiences to develop reading, writing and listening skills.
Roach Van Allen, first described his approach in the 1960s; he indicated how this strategy could create a natural bridge between spoken language and written language by stating:
   What I can say, I can write
   What I can write, I can read
   I can read what I write and what other people can write for me to read.

## Examples

The language experience approach can be traced back to the work of Ashton-Warner (1963) and Paulo Freire (1972) with underprivileged children and adults. It now is in use in many countries in the context of open learning. More recent conceptions (cf. for overviews: Allen 1976; Dorr 2006) have been developed in the U.S., especially by Richgels (2001) and McGee/Richgels (2011), and in Germany by Brügelmann (1986) and Brügelmann/Brinkmann (2013) stimulating invented spelling as a means of self-expression in print ("writing to reading").
It is often suggested that the teacher should provide some type of common experience that will inspire students to express their thoughts utilizing any prior experience they might have had relating to the particular topic of choice. Examples of these experiences could include a trip to the beach, planting seeds, the necessity to prepare for a class party or even a visit to the dentist or doctor. One of the main functions of teachers is to motivate and inspire their students.
The language experience strategy can be used to teach reading and comprehension to older ESOL struggling readers, and students with special needs. LEA can be used with a small group of students or individual students. It is important that when using this strategy, the teacher records exactly what the student contributes without correcting grammar; however, the spelling should be correct and not written in the student's dialect.
The student dictates to the teacher his/her understanding of a particular topic selected by the teacher. The teacher then records the student's narration exactly as the student dictates it; after the teacher records the student's contribution, the teacher then reads it orally in its entirety.
# Micro carbon residue

Micro carbon residue, commonly known as "MCR" is a laboratory test used to determine the amount of carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of petroleum materials under certain conditions. The test is used to provide some indication of a material's coke-forming tendencies. The test results are equivalent to the test results obtained from the Conradson Carbon Residue test.

## Test method

A quantity of sample is weighed, placed in a glass vial, and heated to 500 °C. Heating is performed in a controlled manner, for a specific period of time, and under an inert (nitrogen) atmosphere . The sample experiences coking reactions, with volatiles formed being swept away by the nitrogen. The carbonaceous residue remaining is reported as a mass percent of the original sample, and noted as “carbon residue (micro).”

### Special considerations

* If the test result is expected to be below 0.10% (by mass), prior to performing the test, the sample can be distilled to produce a 10% (by volume) bottoms.
* If the sample contains ash-forming constituents and/or non-volatile additives, these will add to the carbon residue value, and be included as part of the total reported carbon residue value.
* In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates, such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate, causes a higher carbon residue value as compared to untreated fuel. This may lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke-forming tendencies of the fuel.

## Applications

Micro carbon residue offers the same range of applicability as the test to which it is equivalent, Conradson Carbon Residue. Advantages of MCR include better control of test conditions, smaller samples, and less operator attention. Applications include:
* For burner fuel, MCR provides an approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners.
* For diesel fuel, MCR correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits, provided that alkyl nitrates are absent, or if present, that the test is performed on the base fuel without additive.
* For motor oil, MCR was once regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits the oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine. This is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils.
* For gas oil, MCR provides a useful correlation in the manufacture of gas there from.
* For delayed cokers, the MCR of the feed correlates positively to the amount of coke that will be produced.
* For fluid catalytic cracking units, the MCR of the feed can be used to estimate the feed's coke-forming tendency.
# Macroglossa Visual Search

Macroglossa was a visual search engine based on the comparison of images, coming from an Italian Group. The development of the project began in 2009. In April 2010 is released the first public alpha. Users can upload photos or images that they are not sure what they are to determine what the images contain. Macroglossa compares images to return search results based on specific search categories. The engine does not use technologies and solutions such as OCR, tags, vocabulary trees. The comparison is directly based on the contents of the image which the user wants to know more.
Included features are the categorization of the elements, the ability to search specific portions of the image or start a search from a video file, but the main function is to simulate a digital eye on trying to find similarities of an unknown subject.
This technology allows users to pull results from collections of visual content without using tags for search. The visuals can be crowd sourced. In addition, Macroglosssa can also be used as a reverse image search to find orphan works and possible violations of copyright of images.
Macroglossa supports all popular image extensions such jpeg, png, bmp, gif and video formats such avi, mov, mp4, m4v, 3gp, wmv, mpeg.
Macroglossa enters beta stage in September 2011 and at the same time open to the public the opportunity to use the developed interfaces ( Api for web and mobile applications ) in order to expand the use of the engine in the B2B and B2C fields. Macroglossa becomes a SaaS.
API are distributed on three levels : free, basic, and premium. The free API has limited use, but basic and premium do not. The premium API also offers custom services allowing customers to extend and mold the features offered by computer vision.
Discontinued as the site is dead since February 2016.
# Cantons of Belfort

The cantons of Belfort are administrative divisions of the Territoire de Belfort department, in northeastern France. Since the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the town of Belfort is subdivided into 3 cantons. Their seat is in Belfort.

## Population

| Name | Population (2019) | Cantonal Code |
| Canton of Belfort-1 | 15,529 | 9002 |
| Canton of Belfort-2 | 16,836 | 9003 |
| Canton of Belfort-3 | 14,078 | 9004 |
# Cape McNab

Cape McNab (66°56′S 163°14′E﻿ / ﻿66.933°S 163.233°E﻿ / -66.933; 163.233) is a cape, 350 metres (1,150 ft) high, which forms the south end of Buckle Island in the Balleny Islands of Antarctica. It was named for John McNab, second mate of the schooner Eliza Scott, who made a sketch of the Balleny Islands when they were discovered by John Balleny in 1839.
# Cape Melville (South Shetland Islands)

Cape Melville, is a low-lying, ice-free headland at the eastern end of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. Some 388 ha of the site has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a large breeding colony of about 16000 pairs of chinstrap penguins.
0.5 nautical miles (0.9 km) south of Cape Melville is a rock named Livonia Rock.
# Free Democratic Party (Liberia)

The Free Democratic Party (FDP) is a political party in Liberia. It participated in the 1997 Liberian elections and fielded candidates in the 11 October 2005 elections.

## Elections

In 1997, FDP presidential candidate Fayah Gbollie won 0.32% of the vote while the party failed to win any representation in the bicameral legislature. In 2000, the party joined the Collaborating Political Parties framework, which planned to challenge the ruling National Patriotic Party at the next elections.
In 2005, FDP candidate David Farhat won 0.5% of the vote in the presidential poll. The party failed to win any seats in the Senate or House of Representatives.
The FDP joined the National Democratic Coalition prior to the 2011 elections. In May 2022, the party joined the Democratic Alliance Of Liberia, which aims to contest the 2023 elections.
# Frederick William Campbell (genealogist)

Frederick William Campbell (1782–1846) was a Scottish genealogist.

## Life

Campbell was a descendant of the Campbells of Barbreck, a branch of the Argyll family, and the eldest son of Donald Campbell of Barbreck. He was born on 4 January 1782; and entering the army became captain in the 1st regiment of guards. Some time after succeeding his father in 1804, he disposed of the estate in Argyllshire, retaining only the superiority to connect him with the county, and took up his residence at Birfield Lodge, near Ipswich, Suffolk. He was a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant of the county.

## Works

In 1830 he printed privately a work entitled 'A Letter to Mrs. Campbell of Barbreck, containing an Account of the Campbells of Barbreck from their First Ancestors to the Present Time,’ Ipswich.

## Family

He married, on 21 February 1820, Sophia, daughter of Sir Edward Warrington, M.P., by whom he had one daughter.
# Frederick William Cadogan

Frederick William Cadogan DL, JP (16 December 1821 – 30 November 1904), styled The Honourable from 1831, was a British barrister and Liberal politician.
He was the fourth son of George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan and his wife Honoria Louisa Blake, daughter of Joseph Blake and sister of Joseph Blake, 1st Baron Wallscourt. Cadogan was educated at Westminster School and then at Oriel College, Oxford. He was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1847 and practised in the Northern Circuit.
Having unsuccessfully stood for Bridgnorth in 1852 and for Stafford five years later, Cadogan entered the British House of Commons in 1868, sitting as Member of Parliament (MP) for Cricklade until 1874. He was a Deputy Lieutenant for Middlesex and represented the same county as well as Westminster as a Justice of the Peace.
On 29 November 1851, Cadogan married Lady Adelaide Paget, eight daughter of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey. They had three daughters and a son.
# Frederick Jones (footballer)

Frederick Jones (born 1863) was a Welsh international footballer. He was part of the Wales national football team between 1885 and 1886, playing 3 matches. He played his first match on 14 March 1885 against England and his last match on 10 April 1886 against Scotland.
# Capalbio Scalo

Capalbio Scalo is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Capalbio, province of Grosseto. It had a population of 551 as of 2011.

## Geography

Capalbio Scalo is about 50 km from Grosseto and 9 km from Capalbio. It is in the plain of southern Maremma between the hills of Capalbio and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Capalbio Scalo lies on the shore of Lago di Burano, an important natural reserve.

## Main sights

* Church of Santa Maria Goretti (20th century) is the main parish church of the village. It was built in 1986 and consecrated by bishop Eugenio Binini.
* Tower of Buranaccio (16th century), built by the State of Presidi, is on the shore of the Burano Lake.
* Tower of Macchiatonda (17th century), coastal defense tower built by the State of Presidi, was restructured during the 19th century. It was used as a location in the 1969 movie The Seed of Man by director Marco Ferreri.

## Transport

Capalbio Scalo is located along the Via Aurelia highway which links Grosseto to Rome. It is served by the Tirrenica railway line thanks to its own station.
# Fred Thome

Frederick Joseph Thome Bolaños (born 8 February 1966) is a Costa Rican former tennis player.
Thome is of Chilean descent on his mother's side of the family. His grandfather, Hernán Bolaños, was a footballer for the national side who played for the Audax Italiano club in Chile and married a local.
A runner-up at the Coffee Bowl in 1984, Thome is the elder brother of his Davis Cup teammate Kenneth. The pair teamed up together to win a bronze medal in doubles at the 1987 Pan American Games, which was Costa Rica's first ever Pan American Games tennis medal. Between 1990 and 1994 he appeared in nine Davis Cup ties, winning two singles and five doubles rubbers.
Thome, now a US based airline executive, played college tennis while studying at the University of Texas at Austin.
# Carabus pseudomonticola

Carabus pseudomonticola is a species of black coloured ground beetle from Carabinae subfamily, that can be found in France and Spain.
# Freedom (Refused album)

Freedom is the fourth studio album by Swedish hardcore punk band Refused, released via Epitaph Records on 29 June 2015. It is the first album released by the band since 1998's The Shape of Punk to Come, as well as the first album to feature bassist Magnus Flagge as a full-time member since Songs to Fan the Flames of Discontent (1996) and first to not feature guitarist Jon F. Brännström since This Just Might Be... the Truth (1994).

## Background

After the band's successful 2012 reunion tour, Refused entered a hiatus for the next two years. However, rumours of a return to touring resurfaced after Jon Brännström posted on the group's Facebook page that he was fired some time in 2013. The band announced later in November 2014 that they would perform in a string of festival dates and tour dates in North America supporting Faith No More. Already two weeks before rumours began to surface of a new album, after ...And You Will Know Us By The Trail Of Dead's Autrey Fulbright II posted a photo on Instagram claiming that Lyxzén had been in the studio recording vocals for the album. The post in question was quickly deleted, however in April 2015 the group announced that they would be releasing a new album in June. The album was produced by Nick Launay, who was known for his work with bands such as Public Image Ltd, Killing Joke and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, with two tracks co-written and produced by former Blinded Colony frontman and prolific pop producer Shellback, including lead single "Elektra". Other co-writing credits include "Old Friends / New War" with lyrics inspired by Osip Mandelstam and "Destroy the Man" co-written with Anders Lind.
The band released the track "Elektra" on a "pay what you want" offer, along with pre-orders of the album for donations of over $25, in conjunction with charity Save the Children after the April 2015 Nepal earthquake and subsequent aftershocks. This was followed by the release of "Françafrique" on 26 May, and "Dawkins Christ" by BBC Radio One as the "Hottest Record in the World" on 11 June 2015.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The album was included at number 33 on Rock Sound's top 50 releases of 2015 list.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Refused except where noted

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 10 |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 35 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 37 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 2 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 16 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 5 |
| US Billboard 200 | 161 |
| US Top Alternative Albums (Billboard) | 18 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 10 |
| US Top Rock Albums (Billboard) | 23 |
| US Top Tastemaker Albums (Billboard) | 7 |
# Canton of Valençay

The canton of Valençay is an administrative division of the Indre department, central France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Valençay.
It consists of the following communes:
* Anjouin
* Bagneux
* Chabris
* Dun-le-Poëlier
* Écueillé
* Fontguenand
* Frédille
* Gehée
* Heugnes
* Jeu-Maloches
* Langé
* Luçay-le-Mâle
* Lye
* Menetou-sur-Nahon
* Orville
* Pellevoisin
* Poulaines
* Préaux
* Saint-Christophe-en-Bazelle
* Selles-sur-Nahon
* Sembleçay
* Valençay
* Val-Fouzon
* La Vernelle
* Veuil
* Vicq-sur-Nahon
* Villegouin
* Villentrois-Faverolles-en-Berry
# Free Love and Other Stories

Free Love and Other Stories is a short story collection by Scottish Booker-shortlisted author Ali Smith, first published in 1995 by Virago Press. It was her first published book and won the Saltire First Book of the Year award. and a Scottish Arts Council award It contains twelve short stories.
"A Sweetly memorable collection" - The Times

## Cover

Ali Smith chose the cover of the first edition, a picture of Louise Brooks from the G. W. Pabst film Diary of a Lost Girl (1929). The cover also includes a quote from Irish writer Bernard MacLaverty: "What a great bunch of stories".

## Stories

* "Free Love" : A teenage girl finds unexpected sexual freedom on a trip to Amsterdam...
* "A story of folding and unfolding" : A father unpacks his dead wife's underwear and is reminded of his first contact with her as an electrician rewiring a WAF dormitory...
* "Text for the day" : Melissa disappears and her concerned friend Austen discovers that nothing in her flat has been touched except her large book collection (from Agee to Yevtushenko) which lies scattered in a state of disarray. Melissa is soon in touch and asks Austen to send her a selection of her books annually as she is travelling the world, re-reading and distributing the pages as she goes...
* "A quick one" : A girl waits to meet her ex in a cafe and reminisces over the relationship...
* "Jenny Robertson your friend is not coming" : A girl has a meal with her friend Elizabeth in a restaurant in the Grassmarket before going to watch a film...
* "To the cinema" : A Sunday morning cinema usher describes her favourite films, the loss of her faith and her relationship with her boyfriend Geoff. Meanwhile a regular in the audience is secretly obsessed with her...
* "The touching of wood" : A girl describes a visit to the Greek island Spinalonga with her girlfriend...
* "Cold Iron : Anne McGregor has fond memories of her mother who has recently died...
* "College" : Following the death of her elder sister Gillian, Alex and her parents travel to her Cambridge College for the dedication of a bench in her honour. Afterwards her family plan a day in Kent but Alex hitches a ride in a lorry to Brighton instead...
* "Scary" : Linda travels with her boyfriend Tom to spend a night at his ex-girlfriend Zoe and her new partner Richard's. When the arrive they discover their host's scary obsession with River Phoenix...
* "The unthinkable happens to people every day" : In which a man suffers a nervous breakdown and drives to Scotland where he meets a young girl skimming stones by the edge of a loch...
* "The world with love" : A girl meets an old school friend and remembers when their French teacher 'went mad'...

## References in the book
### Other prominent references

* Crazy by Patsy Cline features in "A Quick One"
* Queen Christina (a 1933 film starring Greta Garbo) features in "Jenny Robertson your friend is not coming"
# Free Man (song)

"Free Man" is a 1975 song by South Shore Commission. The song went to number one for one week on the Billboard disco/dance chart. The single also peaked at #61 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #9 on the R&B chart.
"Free Man" was written by Bunny Sigler and Ronnie Tyson and produced by Sigler.
# French frigate Georges Leygues

Georges Leygues (D640) was the lead ship of the F70 type anti-submarine frigate of the French Marine Nationale. The French Navy does not use the term "destroyer" for its ships; hence some large ships, referred to as "frigates", are registered as destroyers. She was the second French vessel named after the 19–20th century politician and Navy Minister, Georges Leygues. She was the tender for the former helicopter cruiser Jeanne d'Arc.

## Service history

In 1981, Georges Leygues and the fleet escort Guépratte, cruising in front of an Allied fleet during training sessions, detected a Soviet submarine, which they chased for 19 hours. A rare instance of submarine warfare occurred, the Soviet submarine tried running at 28 kn (52 km/h; 32 mph) and diving under the sonar of Georges Leygues to try to avoid detection, before she was forced to surface, being formally identified as a Victor class submarine by the on-board Lynx WG13.
The same year, Georges Leygues intervened when the Iranian ship Tabarzin was captured by a commando hostile to the new regime, and sailed to France. The commando reached France and requested political refugee status, while the ship was returned to Iran.
In 1987, France and Iran having broken off diplomatic relations, Georges Leygues escorted commercial ships in the Persian Gulf.
In 1992, Georges Leygues took part in Operation Restore Hope in Somalia.
In 1999, she was partially modified to accommodate student officers, and started tending the cruiser Jeanne d'Arc in the context of the training voyages of the French Naval Academy. The same year, after catastrophic flooding occurred in Mozambique the two ships were re-routed to deliver humanitarian aid.
In early 2004, after the 2004 Haitian coup d'état, Jeanne d'Arc and Georges Leygues were re-routed to assist in the French intervention there. In December the same year, the two ships intervened in Indonesia after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In 2011, the frigate took part in the evacuation of the civilians from Tunisia. The ship was decommissioned on 21 March 2014.