# Houston Gamblers

The Houston Gamblers were an American football team that competed in the United States Football League in 1984 and 1985. The Gamblers were coached by veteran NFL head coach Jack Pardee in both their seasons. They were noteworthy for introducing former Middletown (Ohio) High School football coach Glenn "Tiger" Ellison's Run & Shoot offense to the world of pro football.

## The Run & Shoot puts the USFL on the map

Run & Shoot advocate and chief refiner Darell "Mouse" Davis was hired by the progressive Pardee to install the offense as the team's Offensive Coordinator. (Davis was a former head coach at Portland State University where he developed the St. Louis Cardinals' future two-time Pro Bowl quarterback Neil Lomax.) Led by former Miami Hurricanes QB Jim Kelly (who snubbed the NFL's Buffalo Bills to play in the USFL) the Gamblers wrecked secondaries across the USFL, getting national media attention in demolishing the league's single-season scoring record (the Gamblers scored 618 points in 1984; the 1983 USFL record was 456). Kelly became the USFL's answer to the NFL's Dan Marino, and the league's second superstar player (after Herschel Walker).
The Gamblers also got the attention of a few NFL teams. The run & shoot offense would be adopted as the base set for the Detroit Lions, Atlanta Falcons and the Houston Oilers. All three teams were in the upper half of the league in scoring while using the run & shoot. In spite of this fact, the offense was widely discredited as a gimmick in the NFL when none of the three teams won a Super Bowl. Even after those teams moved away from the run & shoot as their base sets, the influence of Mouse Davis and Jim Kelly left a lasting impact on the league. In the 1970s most teams ran the 2-back "pro-set" as their base offense with fixed routes. Today, almost all NFL teams incorporate extensive packages of 4-WR sets and option routes for WRs depending on coverages faced, innovations that are the basis of the run & shoot.

## The playoffs, 1985, and beyond

The Gamblers appeared in the playoffs in each of their two seasons, but suffered narrow first-round defeats both times. In 1984, the expansion Gamblers finished the regular season with the best record in the Western conference and were the favorites in the West to go to the championship game. They held a 16–3 lead over George Allen's star laden Arizona Wranglers with just 7 minutes remaining before falling 17–16 in a furious Wrangler comeback. The Wranglers would go on to play in the 1984 Championship Game.
Following the August 22, 1984 USFL owners meeting in which the majority of owners decided to move to playing in the fall, things started to crumble for the league, especially for teams in cities with existing NFL teams, like the Gamblers. Kelly, one of the more public faces of the USFL, voiced the concerns of many fans when he called the schedule switch "100 percent" wrong, saying, "It's the worst thing they could have done."
The Run N' Shoot attack of the Gamblers grew even stronger in 1985. Davis left to become head coach of the Denver Gold and was succeeded by special-teams coach John Jenkins. Jenkins's version of the Run N' Shoot brought more complexity and excitement to the Gamblers. In the first game of the season against the L.A. Express, down 31–13 with 8 minutes left in the 4th quarter, the Gamblers became the first professional football team to use a no-huddle offense before a two-minute drill. The no-huddle would later become Kelly's base offense with the Buffalo Bills. The so-called "hurry-up offense" allowed the Gamblers to come back to win the game 34–33, which Sports Illustrated dubbed "The Greatest Game Never Seen" because it was not televised. In the first 5 games in 1985, Jim Kelly had one of the hottest starts in professional football history. In Week 4, the Gamblers beat Mouse Davis's Denver Gold 36–17 in the first pro game to match two Run N' Shoot offenses. After this game Jim Kelly was on pace to throw for 7,434 yards and 78 touchdowns. But Kelly suffered a leg injury that sidelined him for the last six games of the season. However, if you combine Kelly's and backup quarterback Todd Dillon's stats together, they threw for a combined 6,118 yards (professional American-football record). The Gamblers offense set another record: for the first time ever in professional football, a team had 3 receivers each catch over 1,000 yards: Clarence Verdin, Gerald McNeil, and Richard Johnson. The Gamblers made the playoffs with a 10–8 record and again lost in a nailbiter to an excellent team, the 13–5 veteran, Cliff Stoudt/Joe Cribbs/Jim Smith-led Birmingham Stallions, 22–20.
As it turned out, that would be the last game the Gamblers would ever play. While the Gamblers had been a solid draw the year before, area fans were not about to abandon the Houston Oilers. Attendance dropped by almost 9,000 from 1984. The resulting financial problems were so severe that at one point, the Gamblers had trouble making payroll. They needed an advance from the league just to go to the playoffs. Although owner Jerry Argovitz had ultimately supported moving to the fall, he and his partners knew they could not even begin to compete with the Oilers and decided to get out.
After briefly entertaining an offer to move to New York City, they agreed to sell controlling interest to real estate magnate and future Miami Dolphins owner Stephen Ross. Just days later, Ross announced he was merging the Gamblers with the New Jersey Generals. Although the Generals were the surviving team, Ross would be a full partner with Generals owner Donald Trump, and Argovitz became the merged team's president. However, Ross backed out of the merger after discovering the Gamblers' debt load was larger than he anticipated. Trump reimbursed Ross for his interest and became sole owner. However, Trump retained the Gamblers' player contracts, so the deal was still widely reported as a merger. Trump immediately hired Pardee as coach. With an offense boasting Kelly and Walker, observers dubbed the new Generals the USFL's "dream team." Kelly was even featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated in a Generals uniform. That season however would never be played.
The most notable players on the team were Kelly, future Washington Redskins wide receiver Ricky Sanders, future Detroit Lions wide receiver Richard Johnson, future Indianapolis Colts kick returner Clarence Verdin, and future Cleveland Browns wide receiver Gerald McNeil. Todd Fowler, the featured running back on the team, was also notable as the first USFL player the rival NFL signed away from the league in 1985 (by the Dallas Cowboys).

## Giant dice game

The Gamblers were well known for a 7-Eleven promotion in which two huge dice were dropped onto the field from the roof of the Astrodome.

## 1984 schedule and results

| Week | Day | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | TV | Venue | Attendance |
| Preseason |||||||||
| 1 | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye |
| 2 | Saturday | February 4, 1984 | vs. San Antonio Gunslingers | W 19–17 | 1–0 | | Harlingen, Texas | |
| 3 | Saturday | February 11, 1984 | at Jacksonville Bulls | W 34–22 | 2–0 | | Gator Bowl Stadium | 24,680 |
| 4 | Saturday | February 18, 1984 | vs. Oklahoma Outlaws | W 34–7 | 3–0 | | Lewis Field Stillwater, Oklahoma | 6,120 |
| Regular season |||||||||
| 1 | Sunday | February 26, 1984 | at Tampa Bay Bandits | L 17–20 | 0–1 | | Tampa Stadium | 42,915 |
| 2 | Monday | March 5, 1984 | at San Antonio Gunslingers | W 35–7 | 1–1 | ESPN | Alamo Stadium | 10,023 |
| 3 | Sunday | March 11, 1984 | at Chicago Blitz | W 45–36 | 2–1 | | Soldier Field | 7,808 |
| 4 | Sunday | March 18, 1984 | New Jersey Generals | W 32–25 | 3–1 | ABC | Houston Astrodome | 35,532 |
| 5 | Monday | March 26, 1984 | Michigan Panthers | L 34–52 | 3–2 | | Houston Astrodome | 38,754 |
| 6 | Saturday | March 31, 1984 | at Oklahoma Outlaws | L 28–31 (OT) | 3–3 | | Skelly Stadium | 17,266 |
| 7 | Monday | April 9, 1984 | Washington Federals | W 31–13 | 4–3 | | Houston Astrodome | 16,710 |
| 8 | Monday | April 16, 1984 | at Oakland Invaders | W 35–27 | 5–3 | | Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum | 18,320 |
| 9 | Saturday | April 21, 1984 | Arizona Wranglers | W 37–24 | 6–3 | ESPN | Houston Astrodome | 23,117 |
| 10 | Monday | April 30, 1984 | Los Angeles Express | L 24–27 (OT) | 6–4 | ESPN | Houston Astrodome | 30,727 |
| 11 | Sunday | May 6, 1984 | at Michigan Panthers | L 28–31 (OT) | 6–5 | ABC | Pontiac Silverdome | 29,068 |
| 12 | Saturday | May 12, 1984 | at Pittsburgh Maulers | W 47–26 | 7–5 | ESPN | Three Rivers Stadium | 24,880 |
| 13 | Sunday | May 20, 1984 | Oklahoma Outlaws | W 31–12 | 8–5 | ABC | Houston Astrodome | 31,142 |
| 14 | Friday | May 25, 1984 | at Jacksonville Bulls | W 54–7 | 9–5 | | Gator Bowl Stadium | 31,638 |
| 15 | Sunday | June 3, 1984 | at Denver Gold | W 36–20 | 10–5 | ABC | Mile High Stadium | 50,057 |
| 16 | Sunday | June 10, 1984 | Chicago Blitz | W 38–13 | 11–5 | ABC | Houston Astrodome | 24,243 |
| 17 | Monday | June 18, 1984 | San Antonio Gunslingers | W 29–26 | 12–5 | ESPN | Houston Astrodome | 30,184 |
| 18 | Monday | June 25, 1984 | Memphis Showboats | W 37–3 | 13–5 | ESPN | Houston Astrodome | 22,963 |
| Postseason |||||||||
| Divisional Playoff | Sunday | July 1, 1984 | Arizona Wranglers | L 16–17 | — | ABC | Houston Astrodome | 32,713 |
Sources

## 1985 schedule and results

| Week | Day | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | TV | Venue | Attendance |
| Preseason |||||||||
| 1 | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye |
| 2 | Saturday | February 9, 1985 | vs. San Antonio Gunslingers | W 28–21 | 1–0 | | McAllen, Texas | |
| 3 | Saturday | February 16, 1985 | at Birmingham Stallions | W 20–10 | 2–0 | KTXH | Legion Field | |
| Regular season |||||||||
| 1 | Sunday | February 24, 1985 | at Los Angeles Express | W 34–33 | 1–0 | | Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum | 18,828 |
| 2 | Sunday | March 3, 1985 | at Tampa Bay Bandits | W 50–28 | 2–0 | ABC | Tampa Stadium | 42,291 |
| 3 | Sunday | March 10, 1985 | at Oakland Invaders | W 42–7 | 3–0 | | Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum | 16,037 |
| 4 | Monday | March 18, 1985 | Denver Gold | W 36–17 | 4–0 | ESPN | Houston Astrodome | 33,747 |
| 5 | Sunday | March 24, 1985 | Portland Breakers | W 27–20 | 5–0 | | Houston Astrodome | 22,031 |
| 6 | Sunday | March 31, 1985 | Baltimore Stars | L 14–27 | 5–1 | ABC | Houston Astrodome | 24,166 |
| 7 | Sunday | April 7, 1985 | at New Jersey Generals | L 25–31 | 5–2 | ABC | Giants Stadium | 34,573 |
| 8 | Monday | April 14, 1985 | Los Angeles Express | L 17–18 | 5–3 | | Houston Astrodome | 20,193 |
| 9 | Sunday | April 21, 1985 | at Arizona Outlaws | W 33–17 | 6–3 | ABC | Sun Devil Stadium | 16,640 |
| 10 | Sunday | April 28, 1985 | at San Antonio Gunslingers | W 38–29 | 7–3 | | Alamo Stadium | 9,723 |
| 11 | Monday | May 6, 1985 | at Portland Breakers | W 45–7 | 8–3 | ESPN | Civic Stadium | 18,457 |
| 12 | Sunday | May 12, 1985 | at Memphis Showboats | L 15–17 | 8–4 | ABC | Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium | 27,325 |
| 13 | Monday | May 20, 1985 | Jacksonville Bulls | L 17–20 | 8–5 | ESPN | Houston Astrodome | 17,127 |
| 14 | Sunday | May 26, 1985 | Arizona Outlaws | W 41–20 | 9–5 | | Houston Astrodome | 12,696 |
| 15 | Monday | June 3, 1985 | Birmingham Stallions | L 27–29 | 9–6 | ESPN | Houston Astrodome | 13,202 |
| 16 | Sunday | June 9, 1985 | at Denver Gold | L 13–16 | 9–7 | ABC | Mile High Stadium | 12,553 |
| 17 | Monday | June 17, 1985 | San Antonio Gunslingers | W 49–21 | 10–7 | ESPN | Houston Astrodome | 11,780 |
| 18 | Monday | June 24, 1985 | Oakland Invaders | L 21–31 | 10–8 | ESPN | Houston Astrodome | 15,797 |
| Playoffs |||||||||
| Quarterfinal | Saturday | June 29, 1985 | at Birmingham Stallions | L 20–22 | — | ABC | Legion Field | 18,500 |
Sources

## Single-season leaders

* Rushing Yards: 1009 (1984), Todd Fowler
* Receiving Yards: 1445 (1984), Richard Johnson
* Passing Yards: 5219 (1984), Jim Kelly (also league record)

## Season-by-season results

Season records :
| Season | W | L | T | Finish | Playoff results |
| 1984 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 1st in Western | Lost in Quarterfinals (Arizona) |
| 1985 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 3rd in Western | Lost in Quarterfinals (Birmingham) |
| Totals | 23 | 13 | 0 | | |