# Lü Shengzhong

Lü Shengzhong (Chinese: 吕胜中; born 1952) is a Chinese artist who specializes in the ancient Chinese art of paper cutting. He came of age during the turbulent Cultural Revolution. When China started to open up following the death of Chairman Mao in 1976, Lü Shengzhong turned to traditional Chinese folk arts, unlike his contemporaries who embraced contemporary art forms practiced in the West, such as installation art, oil paintings and performance art. Lü remarked, "I walked away from the cultural confusion of the time and turned back to traditional folk art."
His hand cut red tissue-paper art works, with their bold, centered, mandala-like designs, resemble antique paper cuts, combined with calligraphic elements with streams of hand-drawn elements skimming over the musings of sages.

## Early life

Lü Shengzong was born in 1952 in Shandong, China. Shandong has long been known for its paper cutting art culture. Lü's father was a farmer where his mother was a house-wife, who was well known around the village for her paper cutting talents. As a child, Lü fell in love with the way his mother would create art with cut scraps of paper.
As Lü got older, his fascination for paper cutting began to fade. As a young adult he joined the army for a short while. After the army, he worked for a short period of time as a film projectionist. In the mid 1970s he attended art school at Shandong Normal University, and graduated in 1978 with a degree in Fine Arts. After graduation he later attended Central Academy of Fine Arts (CAFA) in Beijing for his masters program in the early 1980s. During this time period, China's art scene began a change from socialist realist paintings. His classmates began to discover rock & roll music, bLüe jeans, jazz, as well as the art genre of Dada. Lü Shengzhong graduated from Central Academy of Fine Art in 1987, with a masters in folk art.
After earning his masters, Lü began to travel through China's hinterland. One of his memorable trips was the northern Shaanxi province, a rough area that's known for its rough, arid terrain, as well as the poverty within the area. Lü embraced the culture, by watching the local peasant women create memorable shapes and objects out of paper. For example, they would cut out, frogs, mice pomegranates, lotus flowers, rabbits, etc.

## Early career

In 1988, Lü had his very first exhibition at China's National Art Gallery. He turned the art gallery into a "temple filled with totem-like images", by using cutouts of footprints that were suspended in mid air, as well as silhouette patterns accompanied by illegible calligraphy. Lü's display at China's National Art Gallery caught the attention of local art critics, but Lü Shengzhong felt no sense of glory as he described his art as “a lonely struggle along a desolate path.” Lü later wrote a more detailed description stating:
   “Exerting the utmost strength I squeezed out of a marketplace filled with contentious crowd, and found a silent, forgotten little path to walk on. Intrigued by unfamiliarity and longing, I followed it to retrieve original characteristics of humankind that have been filtered out by civilization, to summon images of lost souls in the polLüted air, to understand the spiritual pursuit of mankind in its infancy, and to search for the deep connection linking my native land with the rest of the world. All my efforts are to nourish the ancient culture. Thus suddenly I gain confidence, because in my mind I have paved a path for today’s art.” (Lü Shengzhong: Book of Humanity: Empty Book 2005)
Within Lü Shengzhong's early career as an emerging artist, he has entered many solo and group exhibitions between the late 1980s and mid 1990s incLüding:
* 1989: Life-Ephemeral and Eternal, Taipei, Taiwan
* 1989: China Avant-Garde, NAGC, Beijing
* 1990: Calling the Soul Hall, Central Academy of Fine Arts Gallery, Beijing
* 1990–1992: Calling the Soul Around, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Hunan, Guanxi, and Liaoning provinces
* 1991: Calling the Soul, Museum of Contemporary Art, Beijing
* 1992: Red Train, Emden, Berlin, Wiesbaden, and Hamburg, Germany
* 1992: Begenung Mit Den Anderen, Halle K18, Gesanthochschole, Kassel, Germany
* 1992-1993: Post-Mao Product, New Art from China, traveling exhibition in Australia
* 1994: Asian Art Show, Fukuoka Art Museum, Japan
* 1994: Soul Stele, Adelaide, Australia
* 1994: Soul Market, Beck Forum, Munich, Germany
* 1994: Emergency Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
* 1995: ORT -+, Wuppertal, Germany
* 1995: International Biennial Art Show, Gwangju, Korea
* 1995: 4th Asian Art Show (Realism as an Attitude), Setagaya Art Museum, Japan
* 1996: ARCOS DA LAPA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* 1996: Origin and Myths of Fire, The Museum of Modern Art, Saitama, Japan
* 1996: Calling the Soul, Fukuoka Art Museum, Japan
* 1998: Notes Across Asia, Berlin, Germany
* 1998: Recalling Tradition, German Embassy, Beijing
* 2000: First Encounter, Chambers Fine Art, New York, USA
* 2000: Record of Emotion, the Watchtower-Contemporary Art, Beijing
* 2000: Gate of the Century (1979–1999) Chinese Art Invitational Exhibition, The Contemporary Art Museum, Chengdu
* 2001: Lü Shengzhong: World!, Fukuoka Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan
* 2001: Beijing-Dachauer, Dachauer Schloss, Germany
* 2001: CLües to the Future, Red Gate Gallery, Beijing, China
* 2002: A la nuit tombée: Lü Shengzhong, Grenoble, France
* 2002: De Waan Venray AsyLüm, the Netherlands
* 2003: Auspice From Above, Eslite Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan
* 2003: Guangzhou Triennial, Guangzhou Museum of Fine Art, Guangzhou, China BLüe Sky Exposure, Yizhuang, Beijing, China
* 2003: Synthi-Scapes: Chinese Pavilion of the 50th Venice Biennale, (cancelled due to SARS), later shown in Guangzhou Museum of Fine Art, Guangzhou, China
* 2003: Openness, China Art Museum, Beijing, China
* 2003: Left Hand, Right Hand, 798 Art Space, Beijing, China
* 2004: The Book of Humanity, Chambers Fine Art, New York, USA
* 2004: Cinesi artisti fra tradizione e presente, Marsilio Art Museum, Italy
* 2004: Universal Figure—A. R. Penck and Lü Shengzhong, White Space Gallery, Beijing, China
* 2005: The New Emerging From the Old, University Art Museum, University at Albany, New York, USA
* 2007: Square Earth, Round Heaven, Chambers Fine Art, New York, USA

## Chinese Folk Artist

   "I use paper to cut this little red figure to demonstrate the delicate fragility of human beings. Ephemeral. A human’s life is shorter than a paper’s thickness. The material is not important. What is more important is the process you use to create that material. This is more valüable to me."
Lü is a Chinese artist at the China Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing, who specializes in the ancient Chinese paper cutting.
His most well-known craftsmanship is called “Little Red Figures”, in reality, it is an old and famous procedure in China, named paper-cutting, which is utilized widely in the society specialty of china. The figure, which looks similar to a small kid, is an exceptionally regular element in Chinese time honored paper cutting, the nearby folks think this small squirt can evacuate the adversities so they continue cutting paper of small tyke, but it is unequivocally shown in the farmland far at a distance from the urban. This is a symbolization and universal society disregarded by virtuoso extended time, but Lü identify it and reproduces it, made it as a formal craftsmanship and considerable throughout giving the philosophical and customary nature.
   "For my project, there are two inspirations, the one is I think I really need to express something about culture in my design, try to find the culture meanings from Chinese folk art, actually, it is not hard, because Chinese folk art related with culture very close. The other thing is I should think about how to make my artwork more related with people’s daily life, I should try to makes it looks like a thing in nowadays."

## Cutting to the Spirit

Lü Shengzhong is a Chinese artist and he went to University at Albany on October, creating and installing a powerful new piece composed of red paper dolls. The cutting of little red figures is ritual and performance in its pure sense, practiced for generations as a devotional act to bring fertility to the family and as a symbol of ancestral continuity.
A celebration environment suffuses the twofold-stature studio. Red vibrations fill one's eyes and revive the faculties. A couple red cut-paper shades falling from the top side and cadenced swirls and rehashed plans in red, white and dark wrapping around the upper display dividers try to fill your fringe vision. Being a spot overpowered is an essential for a heavenly reaction, and this is feasibly an impact on Shengzhong. A combo of dread and interest frequently fabricated by reiteration and scale regularly are hung out with the eminent. They set up an environment of secret and open the brain to non rational methodologies. Since you've ever been in a Chinese temple you realize what I mean. The immeasurable space of the University Symbolization Exhibition Hall works both for and in opposition to this impact. The scale allows an introduction of fabulous proportions, but the partitioning of units that might have reinforced one another make a less burnable air.
The sublime is not ordinarily hung out with hilariousness or modesty, but the apprehension that the swarming red vigor is made out of amusing small folks, some with ponytails, some with the oversize head of an infant child, fetus or frog, carries a grin to one's confront. Prolongation and fertility of both society and race is the subject, and it is treated with a gentility of spirit.
The ground surface-to-roof piece The Unfilled Book—The Book of Mankind that Shengzhong finished at UAlbany contains several books at top side tallness, holding 900 pages that have been sliced to free and suspend portions of textless paper. Every coterminous line from every page joins similar to an umbilical line to small red individuals that splay out in the deck. This piece strongly sets aside doctrine and confirms the imperativeness of the individuals and is the standout of the show.
The demonstration of cutting is moreover vital as an image of the Dao, the standard that grips positive and negative drives. Shengzhong's piece The Vertical of Negative and the Level of Negative, a 42-foot-extended cut-paper painting, encapsulates this guideline. Expansive, huge-headed children make islands around which masses of humbler figures swarm like schools of fish or sperm, raising momentums that convey the eye. Shapes in dark and red transform from figure to ground and to figure again in a euphoric showcase of formal stroke of genius.
In the four boards from the piece The Poetry of Congruity, Shengzhong likens allegorical recombination with the inference of dialect, a letter set of structure. He astutely makes mandalas from symmetrically put cut deciphers, and lays lines of shapes vertically or evenly beneath, made from snippets of broken set patterns. From a separation these pieces give off an impression of being conventional calligraphy parchments, but it is clear Shengzhong has an impulse regarding comicality that is a bit subversive.
Close viewing is constantly remunerated. Subversive humor was a survival tactic that Shengzhong utilized in making suggestive subtexts covered up in the enchanting worker accounts of Adoration Tune, time honored compositions on silk. Alternate early plans showed on the ground stun of the display have a non specific, stylized hand that, however useful, will usually draw vigor at a distance from the surface explanation made by the in statement.

## Three Elements

Lü bases the theme of his paper cutting around the dynamic life cycle of paper cutting. The theme is an old technique that sustains vitality through infinite recreation and variation. With the art of recreation and variation as a basic technique, the art itself becomes a way becomes the art of constant renewal, not only in the art but life as well. For instance, the art was used in holidays, festivals, weddings, and funerals. These events mark certain passages within a person's life. There are three basic elements in Lü Shengzhong's artwork that he finds essential in the art of paper cutting.
The first element is the dynamic relationship between positive and negative forms, in which is constantly created in the art of paper cutting. Lü feels what's so significant to this is the fact one cannot us positive or negative forms alone, but for them to be used together, as in a single piece of paper that creates a conceptual whole.
The second element is referred to as the materiality of paper cutting. First and foremost, the art of paper cutting always generates tension between two- dimensionality and three dimensionality, for the fact that a piece of paper is assumed to be two-dimensional for being such a flat surface. Regardless of the way paper is cut, it still has a voLüme, as well as a front and back. When Lü creates a piece, and attaches the paper cuts to aboard, he compares his work to a painting and a sculpture, he then begins to contest the relationship between the two art forms. Lü also feels that a paper cut also represents fragility, for the fact that paper is vulnerable to natural and human disasters. Fragility has been the theme and subject matter used in Lü Shengzhong's artworks.
The third element in Lü Shengzhong's work is the temporal, meditative nature of paper cutting. This refers back to when he had the conversation with a local peasant woman while visiting the Shaanxi province. Lü asked of her the thought process of the paper cuts she was creating, and she replied “nothing, there is nothing in my mind.” To interpret the answer, Lü begins to approach his paper cutting with creative processes, emotion, and rational thinking, at the same time makes doesn't make him creative. What makes Lü Shengzhong, and the peasant woman so significant, is the fact that when they create a piece, they are expressing as well as releasing themselves with abstract visual forms.

## Publication

* 1990: Works of Shenzhong, Lü, Hunan Art Publication Press
* 1992: Folk Paper-cut, Hunan Art Publication Press
* 1992: Huazhou Shadow Figures, Hunan Art Publication Press
* 1994: Chinese Folk Wood Engraving, Hunan Art Publication Press
* 1994: Selection of Line Drawing of Lü Shengzhong, Guangxi Fine Arts Publication House Press
* 1995: Seeking the Soul, Hunan Art Publication Press
* 1996: The Classic Appreciation of Folk Paper-cut, China Films Press
* 1998: Lü Shengzhong: Calling the Soul, Guangxi Fine Arts Publication House Press
* 2000: Drafting Characters, China Youth Publication Press
* 2000: The First Meet, New York Chambers Fine Art Press
* 2001: Walking and Observing, SDX San Lian Bookstore Publishing
* 2001: Flourmade tiger of Langzhuang (collaborate with Li, Hongjun), Taiwan Echo Publishing Press
* 2002: Colored Clothes, Guangxi Fine Arts Publication House Press
* 2002: Baby's GalLüs, Guangxi Fine Arts Publication House Press
* 2003: Original Manuscript of Molding, SDX San Lian Bookstore Publishing
* 2003: Farewell Tradition I, SDX San Lian Bookstore Publishing
* 2003: Farewell Tradition II, SDX San Lian Bookstore Publishing
* 2003: The Arrival of Lück, Taiwan Eslite Gallery Press
* 2003: The Story of Little Red Kid, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing Press
* 2004: Farewell Tradition III, SDX San Lian Bookstore Publishing
* 2004: Farewell Tradition IV, SDX San Lian Bookstore Publishing

## Stamps Design

* 1988: Countryside Culture (4 pieces of memorial), China Post
* 1988: Chinese Agricultural Sports Conference (2 pieces of memorial), China Post
* 1989: She Han Ling Zhi, Safety with all Seasons (stamp with the animal of Chinese Birth year), China Post
* 1996: Xi Jian Guang Ming, The Myriad of Lights (stamp with the animal of Chinese Birth year 2 pieces of memorial), China Post
* 2005: Rooster Crows (stamp with the animal of Chinese Birth year), China Post
* 2006: Guo Tai Min An (stamp with the animal of Chinese Birth year), China Post

## Later career

Lü published a book in 2005 entitled The Book of Humanities, where he discusses as well as displays his past and present works. The book also employs Lü's three elements behind paper cutting along with his philosophy towards his artwork in several volumes. Some of the books collage pages were scraps from actual pieces that Lü Shengzhong created. The collages in the book are of little red figures such as frog, paper people, and other various shapes.
Lü Shengzhong worked as a professor at the very school where he earned his master's degree, Central Academy of Fine Art, in the department of Research Institute for Folk Art Studies in Beijing. Lü taught up to eight classes per semester, and was very enthusiastic and well involved with his students, in hopes that they would be the future for art