OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nuclear Valdez

Nuclear Valdez is an American rock band from Miami, Florida, United States. The band members all are of Latin American descent and were born outside of the United States.

## Background information

Nuclear Valdez was formed in Miami in 1983 by vocalist and guitarist Froilan Sosa and lead guitarist Jorge Barcala, who replaced Angel Forte when he left the band. Bassist and vocalist Juan Diaz joined the following year, and drummer and vocalist Robert Slade LeMont the year after. Sosa was born in the Dominican Republic, while the other three members were born in Cuba. They took their name from a former coworker of Diaz who had an "explosive temper."
After several years as a popular club band and opening act in the South Florida music scene, the band was signed to Epic Records in 1989. Their debut album, I Am I, was released that year, with production from Richard Gottehrer and Thom Panunzio. Featured artists on the album included Bruce Brody (Lone Justice, Patti Smith Group), Benmont Tench (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers), and Meredith Brooks. The track "Summer" from the album became a minor radio hit, and was put into active rotation on MTV. Nuclear Valdez performed the track on MTV Unplugged later that year, making them the first all-Latino act to appear on the show.
The band did an MTV promo spot with video director Paula Grief and performed on an early episode of MTV Unplugged with members of The Alarm. They opened for numerous groups that came through their home base in Miami: Living Colour, Jane's Addiction, Dead Milkmen, Ronnie Wood, Hoodoo Gurus, among others. The band did an extensive tour of the US opening up for The Hooters. US tour followed by an intensive European tour as the supporting act for The Church. Song "Dance Where the Bullets Fly" from the second album was used in one of the season finales of Melrose Place.

## Members

The members of the band are:
* Froilan Sosa - Vocals / Guitar / Keyboards
* Juan Luis Diaz - Bass
* Robert Slade LeMont - Drums
* Jorge Barcala - Lead Guitar (original band guitarist on first two albums)
* Rafael Tarrago - Lead Guitar

## Discography

Albums:
* I Am I (1989, Epic/CBS Records) – including the radio hit "Summer"
* Dream Another Dream (1991, Epic)
* In a Minute All Could Change (2000)
* Present From The Past (2017)
# List of newspapers in Peru

Newspapers in Peru include:

## Current newspapers

* Ajá - Lima
* Los Andes (Peruvian newspaper) [es]
* El Bocón - Lima; owned by conglomerate El Comercio Group
* El Chino - Lima
* El Comercio - Lima; owned by conglomerate El Comercio Group
* La Crónica (Peru) [es]
* Cronicawan - Peru's first nationally circulated Quechua language newspaper
* Diario El Callao [es]
* Diario El Gobierno - online newspaper
* Diario Correo - Lima; owned by conglomerate El Comercio Group
* Diario del Cusco - Cusco
* Expreso - Lima
* Extra (Peru) [es]
* Gestion - Lima; owned by conglomerate El Comercio Group
* Hoy - Huánuco
* La Industria (Chiclayo) [es]
* La Industria (Trujillo) [es]
* La Nación (Peru) [es]
* Ojo - Lima; owned by conglomerate El Comercio Group
* Perú 21; owned by conglomerate El Comercio Group
* El Peruano
* El Popular - Lima
* La Primera [es] - Lima
* La Razón - Lima
* La República - Lima; a left-of-center newspaper
* El Tiempo - Chiclayo
* La Tribuna (Peru) [es]
* Últimas Noticias (Valle Jequetepeque) [es]
* Diario UNO
* Nuevo Sol

## Defunct newspapers

* Diario Ahora (Lima) [es]
* Gaceta de Lima [es]
* La Industria de Piura [es]
* Mercurio Peruano
* Los Parias, 1904-1910
* La Prensa (Peru), 1903-1984
* La Razón (Peru) [es], est. 1919
* Última Hora (Peru) [es], 1950-1992
* La Unión (Peru) [es]
* La Voz de Chincha, est. 1924
# Proto 1

Proto 1 was a training biplane designed by Major Ștefan Protopopescu in collaboration with Dumitru Baziliu and Gheorghe Ticău at Arsenalul Aeronautic in Bucharest in 1922. It was the first Romanian airplane to be built in a specialized enterprise.
The first experimental flights were carried out by its designer, Ștefan Protopopescu, who held the Romanian pilot licence No.1.

## Production

The Ministry of War ordered 25 aircraft on 10 January 1923 of this type from the Fabrica de avioane Astra. The Astra Factory changed the wings on its own initiative, which reduced the strength of the wings, and during an early test flight, one of the wings broke and the aircraft crashed into the Mureș river, killing the test pilot. After the accident, production of Proto 1 aircraft was halted and improvements were made to the design, after which Astra manufactured a new variant as the Proto 2.

## Specifications

Data from Romanian Aeronautical Constructions 1905-1974
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 7 m (23 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 9.6 m (31 ft 6 in)
* Height: 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 28.86 m$^2$ (310.6 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 670 kg (1,477 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,080 kg (2,381 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza water-cooled V-8 engine, 130 kW (180 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 183 km/h (114 mph, 99 kn)
* Stall speed: 81 km/h (50 mph, 44 kn)
* Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
* Time to altitude: 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in 29 minutes
# K. T. Chandy

K.T. Chandy (13 January 1913 – 2 May 2006) was an Indian management education administrator and business executive. He was the founder-director of Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, the first Indian Institute of Management.

## Early life and education

Chandy was born on 13 January 1913. After graduating from Madras Christian College in 1932, he got a Bachelor's degree in Law (LLB) from Bombay University and then a Master's degree in law (LLM) from London School of Economics and studied for Bar-at-law at Middle Temple.

## Career

In his career in business, Chandy worked in and led various companies. He became a Director of Lever Brothers in 1956 and played an important role in the formation of Hindustan Lever Limited, which was later renamed as Hindustan Unilever. He later became the Chairman of the company.
In 1961, Bidhan Chandra Roy, the then Chief Minister of West Bengal, invited Chandy to help set up the first Indian Institute of Management at Calcutta. He served as the director of the institute, named Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, for five years.
K.T. Chandy is considered one of the global pioneers of social marketing, the practice of applying commercial marketing approaches for behaviour change and social benefit. In 1963, the Central Family Planning Board of the Government of India set up an Evaluation Committee to examine the current national family planning program and make suggestions for improvements to be incorporated into India's Fourth Five Year Plan. A subcommittee on contraceptive materials was organized. This subcommittee requested one of its members, Mr. K. T. Chandy, then Director of the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, to call upon members of private industry in India to consider ways of extending the distribution of contraceptive services, especially the condom, through commercial channels.
Chandy was appointed as the Chairman of Food Corporation of India in 1967. In 1968, he became the Chairman of Hindustan Steel Limited, which is now a part of Steel Authority of India Limited. In 1972, he returned to his home state of Kerala and took over as the Chairman of Kerala State Industries Development Corporation (KSIDC), a position in which he served till 1978.
# Meurisse

Meurisse is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Catherine Meurisse (born 1980), French cartoonist
* Jacky Meurisse (born 1965), Belgian musician
* Nina Meurisse (born 1988), French actress
* Paul Meurisse (1912–1979), French actor
* Xandro Meurisse (born 1992), Belgian cyclist
# Drowning EP

Drowning is the debut EP and release from female fronted industrial metal act, Lahannya.

## Track listing

1 - Drowning – 3:24
2 - Narcotic – 3:38
3 - Losing Yourself – 5:30
4 - Drowning (reprise) – 3:58
# Kilometer Zero (Bucharest)

The Kilometer Zero monument (Romanian: Kilometrul Zero) located in central Bucharest, Romania, in front of the New St. George Church. It was created in 1938 by the sculptor Constantin Baraschi [ro], based on plans drawn by architect Horia Creangă.
The distances from Bucharest to other cities in Romania are measured from this monument. It is divided into eight sections, each representing a Romanian historical province: Muntenia, Dobruja, Bessarabia, Moldavia, Bukovina, Transylvania, Banat, and Oltenia. Among the cities inscribed on it are also Cahul, Chișinău, Orhei, and Tighina (which are currently in the Republic of Moldova), Cernăuți, Cetatea Albă, Ismail, and Storojineț (now in Ukraine), as well as Bazargic and Silistra (now in Bulgaria), which were part of Greater Romania before World War II.
# Buzuluk

Buzuluk may refer to:
* Buzuluk, Orenburg Oblast, a town in Orenburg Oblast in Russia
* Buzuluk (inhabited locality), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
* Buzuluk (Orenburg Oblast), a river in Orenburg Oblast, Russia
* Buzuluk (Volgograd Oblast), a river in Volgograd Oblast, Russia
* Bazavluk, a river in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine, also known in Russian as Buzuluk
* Buzluq, Azerbaijan, also known as Buzuluk
# Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries

The Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (CCRFC; Korean: 대외문화련락위원회) is a North Korean organization tasked with organizing cultural exchange with other countries.
The committee was founded when the North Korean state was declared. It was modeled after its Soviet equivalent, the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. Initially the organization sought to generate goodwill toward North Korea abroad, but after the North Korean famine it has concentrated on acquiring resources. It seeks hard currency from tourism, cultural diplomacy, and foreign direct investment.
The committee supports the Korean Friendship Association and other friendship societies. The staff of the committee leads a relatively cosmopolitan life with access to foreign travel, people, and goods. Its personnel includes higher-ups in the ruling Workers' Party of Korea and the state security apparatus. The staff arrange business deals with foreigners to evade international trade restrictions and receive a share of the proceeds. Although these deals have had limited success, the committee remains influential as a point of contact for journalists and other foreign visitors, whose guides may be representatives of the committee. Its activities overlap and to some extent compete with those of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The current chairwoman is Kim Jong-suk and vice-chairman So Ho-won. It is based in Pyongyang.
# Nudorthodes variabilis

Nudorthodes variabilis is a moth in the family Noctuidae first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1912. It is found in the US along the coast of southern California, from Santa Barbara County to San Diego County.
The length of the forewings is 13–14 mm. The forewing ground color is usually even gray brown, sometimes with a slight reddish tint. The medial line is usually prominent, extending obliquely from the costa to the reniform spot and as a straight line from there to the hind margin. The lower third of the reniform spot is filled with a well-defined dark blue-gray patch. Adults have been recorded on wing from late August to mid-September.
# David Hughes (footballer, born 1958)

David Thomas Hughes (19 March 1958 – September 2023) was an English footballer who made 87 appearances in the Football League playing for Aston Villa, Lincoln City and Scunthorpe United, before moving into non-league football with Worcester City. He played as a midfielder. Hughes died in September 2023, at the age of 65.

## Early life and career

Hughes was born in Birmingham on 19 March 1985. After joining Villa as an apprentice in July 1974, Hughes graduated from the youth team to play his first game for the reserves against Derby County in December that year.
Later on in Hughes' career, he spent the 1981/82 campaign with Scunthorpe United and finished his career with three years of non-League football for Worcester City.
# Proto 2 (aircraft)

Proto 2 was a training biplane manufactured at the Fabrica de avioane Astra in Arad in 1924.

## Design and development

Following the accident of Ioan Sava, a new variant of the Proto 1 was created, called the Proto 2. The airplane kept the original design, but as a safety measure, the structure of the wings was strengthened by increasing the section of the spars and adding another pair of interplane struts.

## Service

After these improvements were made, the Astra Factory built 25 aircraft. The airplanes were then supplied to the Ministry of War, which assigned them to the Military Flying School of Tecuci.

## Specifications

Data from Romanian Aeronautical Constructions 1905-1974
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 7 m (23 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 9.6 m (31 ft 6 in)
* Height: 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 28.86 m$^2$ (310.6 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 730 kg (1,609 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,140 kg (2,513 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza water-cooled V-8 engine, 130 kW (180 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 174 km/h (108 mph, 94 kn)
* Stall speed: 79 km/h (49 mph, 43 kn)
* Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
* Time to altitude: 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 22 minutes
# Drain Me

Drain Me may refer to:
* "Drain Me", a song by Sentenced from The Funeral Album
* "Drain Me", a song by Slaves on Dope from Metafour
* "Drain Me", a song recorded by Model Child and written by Danny Parker
# Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology

The Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN) (NanoCAT or Institut Català de Nanotecnologia) was established in 2003 by the Catalan government and the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). with the aim of attracting skilled international researchers to create a hub for nanoscience and nanotechnology research. In 2006, the collaboration with the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the main Spanish scientific institution, began. Since then it has a new name as Instituto Catalán de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - ICN2).

## Research areas

Research focused in the following areas:
* Synthesis and applications of nanoparticles and nanotubes
* Design and synthesis of macromolecules for the integration of nanodevices
* Magnetism of thin films and spintronics
* Imaging and manipulation of atoms and molecules
* Theory of surfaces and inter-phases
* Interaction of biomaterials with inorganic matter
Following collaborations between the ICN and the Spanish government's Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CIN2), the ICN and the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) signed a memorandum of understanding of their official collaboration in 2006. This agreement was formalised in 2011, when CSIC representatives joined the ICN's board of patrons, and then in 2013, when the ICN changed its name to the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2).
# Kilometre per square kilometre

Kilometre per square kilometre is an SI derived unit of reciprocal length used for measurement of density of a linear feature in an area. It is used to measure, for example, drainage density or road density (i.e. kilometres of road per square kilometre of land).

## Transport density in the European Union

In the European Union, kilometre per square kilometre is the unit of measure of transport network density.

### Motorway density

According to Europa.eu,
   Despite having only a small motorway network (91 km), the island of Malta reported the highest motorway network density among all regions of the EU.
Usually, the densest motorway networks are found around capital cities and other big cities, in large industrial conurbations and around major seaports.
The regions with the higher motorway density are:
* the German city-state regions of Bremen, Hamburg and Berlin (186 km, 107 km and 86 km per thousand km²)
* Düsseldorf (121 km per thousand km²)
* Saarland (93 km per thousand km²).
* the north-western part of England (138 km per thousand km² in Greater Manchester)
* the West Midlands of England (90 km per thousand km²);
* the Randstad region in the west of the Netherlands (where densities reached 129 km, 128 km and 106 km per thousand km² in South Holland, Utrecht and North Holland respectively)
* the southern Dutch regions of Limburg and North Brabant (100 km and 99 km per thousand km² respectively).
Many cities are rounded by a motorway ring, so the density metric is dependent on the size of the city:
* Lisbon (222 km per thousand km², in 2004),
* Vienna (109 km per thousand km²)
* Comunidad de Madrid (98 km per thousand km²)

### Rail density

EU-15 had 48.3 km of railways per 1,000 square kilometres in 2000), more than in the United States (30.6 km/1000 km² in 1999, including Alaska and Hawaii and inland waters) but less than in Japan (53.5 km/1000 km² in 1999).
For rail networks, in Europe, the highest network density can be found in the Czech Republic, Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany (above 100 km/1000 km²), followed by the Netherlands, Hungary, Austria, Slovakia, the United Kingdom and Poland (65–86 km/1000 km²). At the lower end of the range are Turkey, Norway, Finland and Greece, with values of 20 km/1000 km² and below.
# Buttzville, New Jersey

Buttzville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within White Township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, that was created as part of the 2010 United States Census. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP's population was 146.

## History

Buttzville was founded in 1839 by Michael Robert Buttz, and named for his son, Liam Oakes Buttz. It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 0.283 square miles (0.732 km$^2$), including 0.282 square miles (0.729 km$^2$) of land and 0.001 square miles (0.003 km$^2$) of water (0.44%).

## Demographics
### 2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 146 people, 58 households, and 36 families in the CDP. The population density was 518.6 per square mile (200.2/km$^2$). There were 72 housing units at an average density of 255.7 per square mile (98.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup was 96.58% (141) White, 0.00% (0) Black or African American, 0.00% (0) Native American, 0.00% (0) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 3.42% (5) from other races, and 0.00% (0) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.16% (9) of the population.
Of the 58 households, 25.9% had children under the age of 18; 53.4% were married couples living together; 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 37.9% were non-families. Of all households, 34.5% were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.31.
20.5% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 33.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 102.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 103.5 males.

## Transportation

Buttzville lies along U.S. Route 46 at the north end of Route 31 (formerly Route 69).
# Church of St Mary Axe

St Mary Axe was a mediaeval church in the City of London. (The church that remains in the modern-day St Mary Axe is St Andrew Undershaft.) Its full name was St Mary, St Ursula and her 11,000 Virgins, and it was also sometimes referred to as St Mary Pellipar. Its common name (also St Mary [or Marie] at the Axe) derives from the sign of an axe over the east end of the church. The church's patrons were the Skinners' Company.
According to John Stow in A Survey of London (1603), the name derived from "the signe of an Axe, over against the East end thereof". However, a document dated to the early reign of King Henry VIII describes a holy relic held in the church; "An axe, one of the two that the eleven thousand Virgins were beheaded with". This refers to the legend that Saint Ursula, when returning to Britain from a pilgrimage to Rome accompanied by eleven thousand handmaidens, had refused to marry a Hunnish chief and was executed along with her whole entourage on the site of modern Cologne, in about 451 AD.
It was situated just north of Leadenhall Street on a site now occupied by Fitzwilliam House. First mentioned as St Mary apud Ax, it belonged for a time to the nearby Priory of St Helens. At the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries it was still extant but in decline, and in 1562 it was offered to Spanish Protestant refugees as a place of worship. Three years later, however, it was unused and in a state of disrepair. Shortly afterwards it was pulled down and its parish was united with that of the neighbouring St Andrew Undershaft.
The church gave its name to a street of the same name, which links Leadenhall Street with Camomile Street and Houndsditch. No. 30 was the location of the Baltic Exchange until it was destroyed by an IRA bomb in 1992; the Exchange is now located at No. 38 just to the north of its former address. On the site of the old Baltic Exchange now stands 30 St Mary Axe, a skyscraper known colloquially as the Gherkin because of its distinctive shape.
The street of St Mary Axe was also the location of the sorcerer's shop in Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta The Sorcerer, which documents the former pronunciation "Simmery Axe".
The church that remains in the modern-day St Mary Axe is St Andrew Undershaft.
# Dora di Bardonecchia

The Dora di Bardonecchia is a short tributary of the Dora Riparia river, lying entirely within the upper Susa Valley in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy.

## Geography

It originates just outside Bardonecchia from the confluence of mountain streams from the valleys of Rochemolles, Frejus, Rho, and Valle Stretta. It follows the valley for about 20 kilometres (12 mi) and joins the Dora Riparia northeast of Oulx.
Several major road and rail lines run parallel to the river: the A32 motorway from Torino to Bardonecchia; state highway SS535, Strada Statale di Bardonecchia; the international double-track Fréjus railway, the main line of the Rome-Torino-Paris run.
# Măgura, Buzău

Măgura is a commune in Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania, located on the right bank of the Buzău River, in the hillside next to the Carpathian Mountains' curvature. It is composed of two villages, Ciuta and Măgura. It also included Ojasca and Unguriu villages from 1968 until 2004, when these were split off to form Unguriu Commune.

## Landmarks

In the close vicinity of Măgura, lies the Ciolanu Monastery, a Romanian Orthodox monastery built in the 16th century.
The Măgura sculpture camp was an event that took place during the summers of the years 1970–1986, when students and graduates of the Bucharest Academy of Art were training in sculpture. Their works of art are now visible on the meadows in front of the monastery, making up a large open-air art museum.