OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# FIAR

FIAR S.p.A. (Fabbrica Italiana Apparecchiature Radioelettriche) was an Italian avionics and radar manufacturer; the Eurofighter's current radar contains its technology.

## History

It was formed on 31 July 1941, as a spin off from Compagnia Generale di Elettricità (CGE), and also known as CGE-FIAR. It made repeater transmitters for RAI (Radiotelevisione italiana), the national broadcasting company of Italy.
In the 1980s it formed the ELIRADAR consortium with SMA (Stato maggiore dell'Aeronautica Militare). It was a prime contractor for some avionics in the Panavia Tornado; Italy took a 15% share in the Panavia Aircraft project and planned to buy 100 of the aircraft.
Up until the late 1980s, it had only produced radars built under licence. The first radar that it developed itself was the Grifo. The company was Italy's leading manufacturer of radar and infrared homing technology, notably for the MIM-23 Hawk missile. It made airborne and precision approach radar.

### Ownership

It was a division of Alenia Aeronautica (Alenia Difesa from 1994 to 2001), later bought by Finmeccanica.

## Products
### Radar systems

* CRESO ground surveillance radar
* ECR-90 (Euroradar CAPTOR), for the Eurofighter, contains the Grifo technology
* ELIRADAR APS-784, equips the AgustaWestland AW101
* EuroFIRST PIRATE (Passive Infrared Airborne Tracking Equipment, infrared homing for the Eurofighter)
* Grifetto
* Grifo (X band)
* Pointer
* Setter, look down radar (named after the dog)

## Structure

It was headquartered in Lombardy in north-west Italy, with a factory in Baranzate near Bollate on the SP 233.
# List of non-marine molluscs of Somaliland

The non-marine molluscs of Somaliland are a part of the molluscan fauna of Somaliland (wildlife of Somaliland).
A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Somaliland.

## Freshwater gastropods

Freshwater gastropods in Somaliland include:
Planorbidae
* Bulinus abyssinicus (von Martens, 1866)
Lymnaeidae
* Radix natalensis (Krauss, 1848)

## Land gastropods

Land gastropods in Somaliland include:
Streptaxidae
* Somalitayloria Verdcourt, 1962 - endemic genus

## Freshwater bivalves

Freshwater bivalves in Somaliland include:
# Chloroclystis biangulata

Chloroclystis biangulata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in New Guinea.
# Cytotechnology

Cytotechnology is the microscopic interpretation of cells to detect cancer and other abnormalities. This includes the examination of samples collected from the uterine cervix (Pap test), lung, gastrointestinal tract, or body cavities.
A cytotechnologist is an allied health professional trained to evaluate specimens on glass slides using microscopes. Two evaluations can be performed, starting with the initial evaluation, which can be performed by a computer, and points out areas that may be of particular interest for later examination. Then, the cytotechnologist performs a secondary evaluation and determines whether a specimen is normal or abnormal. Abnormal specimens are referred to a pathologist for final interpretation or medical diagnosis.
Much like with other medical fields, a Cytotechnologist's work must be completed with high fidelity and must be interpreted properly. The working relationship between the cytotechnologist and the pathologist provides quality control for their work. Discussions between the two and the severity of their disagreements are used as a measurement for quality assurance. For example, when a cytotechnologist is working to construct a tissue microarray (TMA), they must check in with the supervising pathologist at multiple points in the process. The pathologist must first work with the cytotechnologist to make sure they know what to look for in the selection process and then review any selection that the cytotechnologist has concerns about.
Different countries have different certification requirements and standards for cytotechnologists. In the United States, there are currently two routes for certification: a person can first earn a bachelor's degree and then attend an accredited program in cytotechnology for one year, or they can attend a cytotechnology program that also awards a bachelor's degree. After successful completion of either route, the individual becomes eligible to take a certification exam offered by the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). People who complete the requirements and pass the examination are entitled to designate themselves as "CT (ASCP)". People who reside outside the United States have the option to take the certification exam for the ASCP$^i$ instead. They must complete all requirements to be eligible, and upon successful completion, can practice in the USA. The American Society for Cytotechnology (ASCT) sets U.S. professional standards, monitors legislative and regulatory issues, and provides education. Individual states regulate the licensure of cytotechnologists, usually following American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) guidelines. Other countries have their own versions of the ASCT, including the British Association of Cytopathology (BAC) in the UK and the European Federation of Cytology Societies (EFCS) in the EU.
The ASC is for cytopathologists but certain qualified cytotechnologists can join it as well.

## History

ASCP certified the first cytotechnologist in 1957. In the 1970s, the number of schools peaked at 130, before dropping to 32 in 2011.
# DFS Kopernikus

DFS Kopernikus (meaning Deutscher Fernmeldesatellit Kopernikus) was the name of three geostationary satellites of Deutsche Bundespost and later Deutsche Telekom AG. They are no longer in use.

## DFS Kopernicus-3

When DFS Kopernikus-3 was nearing the end of its life, SES sealed an agreement with Deutsche Telekom to use the 23.5° East position and frequencies, and in August 2001, Astra 1D was moved there. The Astra 23.5°E position was officially opened in March 2002 with the launch and positioning of Astra 3A. Deutsche Telekom contracted for 10 transponders on that craft and shortly switched over all traffic from DFS Kopernikus-3.

## Station keeping

The orbital station-keeping manoeuvres of the satellites were conducted by the Flight Dynamics Group of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), German Space Operations Center, in Oberpfaffenhofen, Bavaria until April 1994. The flight dynamics operations (including re-location and proximity operations) for the DFS and TV-SAT satellites were taken over by the Deutsche Telekom Flight Dynamics Team at the Usingen Ground Station location. A twin Flight Dynamics System was located at the Deutsche Telekom offices in Darmstadt. The latter was used for advanced planning and emergency/backup purposes; it was operated by a dedicated team of specialists. The two Telekom Flight Dynamics Systems were connected and could be remotely operated if needed. The Flight Dynamics System used by Deutsche Telekom was designed and implemented by Telesat Canada. It used real-time Kalman Filter algorithms for orbit and attitude determination. The satellites were located at the following positions:
* DFS Kopernikus-1: 23.5° East (1989-1994), later 33.5° East (1994-2002), replaced by Astra 3A
* DFS Kopernikus-2: 28.5° East (1994–2000?)
* DFS Kopernikus-3: 23.5° East (1994–2003)

## German satellite television market share in 1990

* SES: ca. 80%
* DFS Kopernikus: ca. 20%
* TV-SAT 2: under 1%
# Lists of Nobel laureates

Lists of Nobel laureates cover winners of Nobel Prizes for outstanding contributions for humanity in chemistry, literature, peace, physics, and physiology or medicine. The lists are organized by prize, by ethnicity, by origination and by nationality.

## General

* List of Nobel laureates, the general list
* List of heads of government and state Nobel laureates

## By prize

* List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry
* List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics
* List of Nobel laureates in Literature
* List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates
* List of Nobel laureates in Physics
* List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine

## By laureate identity

* List of female Nobel laureates
* List of black Nobel laureates
* List of Latin American Nobel laureates
* List of Christian Nobel laureates
* List of Jewish Nobel laureates
* List of Muslim Nobel laureates
* List of nonreligious Nobel laureates

## By origin

* List of countries by Nobel laureates per capita
* List of Nobel laureates by country
* List of Asian Nobel laureates
* List of African Nobel laureates

## By nationality

* List of Argentine Nobel laureates
* List of Australian Nobel laureates
* List of Belgian Nobel laureates
* List of Chinese Nobel laureates
* List of Danish Nobel laureates
* List of Hungarian Nobel laureates
* List of Indian Nobel laureates
* List of Israeli Nobel laureates
* List of Italian Nobel laureates
* List of Japanese Nobel laureates
* List of Pakistani Nobel laureates
* List of Polish Nobel laureates
* List of Russian Nobel laureates
* List of Spanish Nobel laureates
* List of Welsh Nobel laureates
# Gvozdenović

Gvozdenović (Cyrillic script: Гвозденовић) may refer to:

## People

* Anto Gvozdenović (1853–1935), Montenegrin, Russian, and French general, a member of the Imperial Russian Privy Council, diplomat and statesman
* Branimir Gvozdenović (born 1961), Montenegrin politician
* Ivan Gvozdenović (born 1978), Serbian football (soccer) defender who plays for FK Vojvodina
* Miodrag Gvozdenović (1945–2021), Montenegrin volleyball player
* Nedeljko Gvozdenović (1902–1988), Serbian painter

## Places

* Gvozdenović (Ub), a village in Serbia
# FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1958

The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1958 took place 2–9 March 1958 in Lahti, Finland. This marked the third time the city hosted this event having done so in 1926 and 1938. Germany returned to the FIS Nordic Ski Championships for the first time officially since 1939, albeit as East Germany and West Germany. Additionally, it was the first championships to electronic timekeeping where results were timed to the tenth of a second rather than the full second.

## Men's cross-country
### 15 km

4 March 1958
| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| Gold | Veikko Hakulinen (FIN) | 48:58.3 |
| Silver | Pavel Kolchin (URS) | 49:11.8 |
| Bronze | Anatoly Shelyukhin (URS) | 49:29.4 |

### 30 km

2 March 1958
| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| Gold | Kalevi Hämäläinen (FIN) | 1:40:03.0 |
| Silver | Pavel Kolchin (URS) | 1:40:15.2 |
| Bronze | Sixten Jernberg (SWE) | 1:40:44.4 |

### 50 km

8 March 1958
| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| Gold | Sixten Jernberg (SWE) | 2:56:21.9 |
| Silver | Veikko Hakulinen (FIN) | 2:57:39.7 |
| Bronze | Arvo Viitanen (FIN) | 2:58:49.5 |

### 4 x 10 km relay

8 March 1958
| Medal | Team | Time |
| Gold | Sweden (Sixten Jernberg, Lennart Larsson, Sture Grahn, Per-Erik Larsson) | 2:18:15.0 |
| Silver | Soviet Union (Fyodor Terentyev, Nikolay Anikin, Anatoly Shelyukhin, Pavel Kolchin) | 2:18:44.4 |
| Bronze | Finland (Kalevi Hämäläinen, Arto Tiainen, Arvo Viitanen, Veikko Hakulinen) | 2:19:23.2 |

## Women's cross-country
### 10 km

5 March 1958
| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| Gold | Alevtina Kolchina (URS) | 44:49.0 |
| Silver | Lyubov Kozyreva (URS) | 45:28.2 |
| Bronze | Siiri Rantanen (FIN) | 46:02.8 |

### 3 x 5 km relay

7 March 1958
| Medal | Team | Time |
| Gold | Soviet Union (Radya Yeroshina, Alevtina Kolchina, Lyubov Kozyreva) | 58:32.4 |
| Silver | Finland (Toini Mikkola-Pöysti, Pirkko Korkee, Siiri Rantanen) | 1:00:14.0 |
| Bronze | Sweden (Märta Norberg, Irma Johansson, Sonja Edström) | 1:01:58.5 |

## Men's Nordic combined
### Individual

2-3 March 1958
| Medal | Athlete |
| Gold | Paavo Korhonen (FIN) |
| Silver | Sverre Stenersen (NOR) |
| Bronze | Gunder Gundersen (NOR) |

## Men's ski jumping
### Individual large hill

9 March 1958
| Medal | Athlete |
| Gold | Juhani Kärkinen (FIN) |
| Silver | Ensio Hyytiä (FIN) |
| Bronze | Helmut Recknagel (GDR) |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Finland (FIN) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 10 |
| 2 | Soviet Union (URS) | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Sweden (SWE) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 4 | Norway (NOR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | East Germany (GDR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |
# Pheia elegans

Pheia elegans is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1884. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, Panama, Costa Rica and Venezuela.
# Cassine, Piedmont

Cassine (Piedmontese: Cassèine) is a town and commune of the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont. It is located 21 kilometres (13 mi) southwest of the town of Alessandria on the left of the lower course of the Bormida in the Alto Monferrato Acquese. The town lies partly in the hills, where the ancient nucleus of the settlement formed, and partly on the plain. Its economic character is agricultural: the hills are rich in vineyards where the wines Moscato d'Asti, Barbera and Freisa are produced as well as grappa.

## Municipal subdivisions and neighbours

In addition to the nucleus of Cassine itself (the capoluogo) three frazioni fall within the boundaries of the commune: Caranzano, Gavonata, and Sant'Andrea.
Cassine borders the following communes: Alice Bel Colle, Castelnuovo Bormida, Gamalero, Maranzana, Mombaruzzo, Ricaldone, Rivalta Bormida, Sezzadio, and Strevi.

## History

During the 10th century the town was within the domains of the Bishops of Acqui. In 1164, Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa granted it to the Marquis of Montferrat. However, located at the edge of the Ghibelline marquisate, control of Cassine was contested by the Guelfs of Alessandria who conquered and destroyed the town in 1231 and subsequently exacted an annual tribute. In 1404 it was occupied by the condottiere Facino Cane. Subsequently it was fortified. In 1451 the town was besieged by the Marquis of Montferrat. It was occupied by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1556, and in 1644 it was taken control of by the French. In 1707 Cassine was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia and from that time on its fortunes followed those of other towns in Piedmont.

## Main sights

* The church of St. Francis (12th century), in Lombard-Gothic style, has a brickwork façade decorated with arches and two bell towers (one more recent, dating from 1644)
* Palazzo Zoppi (14th century) has 15th-century frescoes in the interior. A chapel in the courtyard houses a notable 14th-century panel from the Piedmontese school.

## People

* Saint Bernardino Realino, podestà of Cassine in the mid-16th century.
* Pietro Rava (1916–2006), footballer.
* Luigi Tenco (1938–1967), popular Italian singer, songwriter and actor.
# Fairview Cemetery (Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania)

Fairview Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania. It is a historical site and a tourist attraction because of Hollywood actress Jayne Mansfield's grave. Her heart-shaped tombstone is one of the most notable features of the cemetery. Fans of the deceased star visit the grave regularly with flowers. Farruccio and the Online Fan Club has been visiting her grave in Pen Argyl with her fans to commemorate her birth and death anniversaries since mid 1990s on her birthdays. The 75th birth anniversary of the actress drew a large gathering of fans to the cemetery in 2008.
The other major cemetery in the township is the Evergreen Cemetery. There also are St. Elizabeth Cemetery and Plainfield Union Cemetery in the township.
# Chloroclystis catastreptes

Chloroclystis catastreptes, the green and brown carpet, is a moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1891. It is found in Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia).
# Nicholas of Tolentino (disambiguation)

Nicholas of Tolentino, San Nicolas de Tolentino or San Nicolás de Tolentino may refer to:
Nicholas of Tolentino, a Christian saint from Italy
Not to be confused with Niccolò da Tolentino, an Italian condottiero, or Saint Nicholas of Myra, venerated in Bari, Italy in the Basilica di San Nicola

## Places

* La Aldea de San Nicolás, a municipality in the Canary Islands
* San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte, a municipality in the Philippines
* San Nicolás Tolentino, a municipality in San Luis Potosí, Mexico
* San Nicolás Tolentino, Puebla, an ejido in Izúcar de Matamoros (municipality), Puebla, Mexico

## Churches

* Basilica of San Nicola in Tolentino, Marche, Italy
* San Nicola da Tolentino agli Orti Sallustiani, in Rome, Italy
* Church of Tolentini, Venice (San Nicolò da Tolentino), in Venice, Italy
* Ermita de San Nicolas de Tolentino, a chapel in Makati, Philippines
* San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish Church, a church in Ilocos Norte, Philippines
* San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish Church, a Catholic church in Pampanga, Philippines
* San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish Church, a church in Quezon City, Philippines
* San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish Church in Balaoan, La Union, Philippines
* San Nicolás Tolentino Temple and Ex-Monastery in Actopan, Hidalgo, Mexico
# Phi Lupi

The Bayer designation φ Lupi (Phi Lupi) is shared by two star systems in the constellation Lupus:
* φ$^1$ Lupi (HD 136422)
* φ$^2$ Lupi (HD 136664)
# Federation of The Greens–Green Left

The Federación de Los Verdes–Izquierda Verde (Spanish for "Federation of The Greens–Green Left") was a political federation founded in Spain in 1999 by Confederation of The Greens, the Initiative for Catalonia Greens, and Aragonese Council for the 1999 European Parliament election.
* This article about a political party in Spain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Gwalior–Chhindwara Express

The Gwalior - Chhindwara Express was a bi-weekly express train which used to run between Gwalior Junction railway station of Gwalior and Chhindwara Junction railway station of Chhindwara. Both the cities are located in Madhya Pradesh. Recently Indian Railways Extended the train Up to Delhi Sarai Rohilla, so its running as Delhi - Chhindwara Patalkot Express.
* This Indian express train article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Fairview Park (constituency)

Fairview Park (Chinese: 錦綉花園) is one of the 39 constituencies in the Yuen Long District of Hong Kong.
The constituency returns one district councillor to the Yuen Long District Council, with an election every four years. Fairview Park constituency is loosely based on Fairview Park, Man Yuen Chuen, Palm Springs, Royal Camellia, Royal Palms and Villa Camellia with estimated population of 20,038.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 1991 | Yau Tai-tai | Nonpartisan |
| | 2015 | To Ka-lun→Vacant | Nonpartisan |

## Election results
### 2010s

Yuen Long District Council Election, 2019: Fairview Park :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Nonpartisan | To Ka-lun | 4,329 | 55.41 |
| | BPA | Cheung Kung-fat | 3,211 | 41.10 |
| | Independent | Allan Wong Wing-ho | 195 | 2.50 |
| | Nonpartisan | Chan Sang-fat | 77 | 0.97 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,118 | 4.31 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,830 | 70.59 |
| | Nonpartisan hold | Nonpartisan hold | Swing | |
# Martina Cariddi

Martina Basanta Cariddi (born 30 May 2001) is a Spanish-Italian film and television actress known for her role as Mencía Blanco in the Netflix series Élite.

## Biography

Martina was born on May 30, 2001, in Chamartín, Madrid, to a Spanish father and Italian mother.

## Career

She began in the world of acting in 2010, at the Escuela Municipal de Arte Dramático de Madrid, with a theater course. Later, She enrolled in Cristina Rota's Centro de Nuevos Creadores, where she took basic acting courses, and in the Juan Codina Studio, taking a course in dramatic art. In 2017, she made her first foray into the acting world in the film El guardián invisible, directed by Fernando González Molina.
In 2018, she appeared in an episode of season 19 of Cuéntame cómo pasó, playing Laura. A year later, she played a small role in the feature film Mientras dure la guerra by Alejandro Amenábar. In 2021, she starred in a short film by Luis Grajera Muere padre muere.
Her inclusion in the fourth season of the Netflix series Élite, where she plays Mencía Blanco, was announced in 2020.
In 2023 she was the actress of Quevedo´s video hit "Columbia" directed by Felix Bollain.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Directed by | Notes |
| 2017 | El guardián invisible | Bus girl | Fernando González Molina | Acting debut |
| 2019 | Mientras dure la guerra | Concha | Alejandro Amenábar | |
| 2021 | Muere padre muere | Eva | Luis Grajera | Short film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Channel | Duration |
| 2018 | Cuéntame cómo pasó | Laura | TVE | 1 episode |
| 2021 - 2022 | Élite | Mencía Blanco Commerford | Netflix | Main (seasons 4-6), 24 episodes |
| 2021 | Élite: Historias breves | Mencía Blanco Commerford | Netflix | Main, 3 episodes |

### Programs

| Year | Title | Role | Channel | Notes |
| 2021 | El Show de Martina | Host | YouTube, Netflix | Élite backstage |
# Cassine glauca

Cassine glauca, known as නෙරලු (neralu) in Sinhala, is a species of large tree in the staff vine family, Celastraceae, its natural range extends through the Indo-Malayan region in subtropical mixed deciduous and evergreen forests.
# Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman for Best Playback Singer Male

The Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman for Male Playback Singer is given by the Fakt Marathi television network as part of its annual awards for Marathi Cinemas. The winners are selected by the jury members. The award was first given in 2022.
Here is a list of the award winners and the nominees of the respective years.

## Winner and nominees

| Year | Singer | Song | Film |
| 2022 | Anand Shinde | "Saat Daudale" | Sarsenapati Hambirrao |
| 2022 | Adarsh Shinde | "Astami" | Dharmaveer |
| 2022 | Avadhoot Gandhi, Haridas Shinde | "Yugat Mandli" | Pawankhind |
| 2022 | Rahul Deshpande | "Punav Raticha" | Me Vasantrao |
| 2022 | Rahul Deshpande | "Kaivalya Gaan" | Me Vasantrao |
| 2023 | Adarsh Shinde | "Ek Rambha, Ek Raav" | Ravrambha |
| 2023 | Vishal Dadlani | "Tu Dhagdhgti Aag" | Ananya |
| 2023 | Swapnil Bandodkar | "Tuzya Sobatiche" | Phulrani |
| 2023 | Jayesh Khare | "Gau Nako Kisna" | Maharashtra Shahir |
| 2023 | Shreyas Puranik | "Kojagiri" | Godavari |
| 2023 | Ajay Gogavale | "Ved Tujha" | Ved |
# Evy

Evy or EVY may refer to:
* Evelyn (disambiguation), a female given name
* Evy Palm (born 1942), former Swedish long-distance athlete
* Evy Berggren (1934–2018), Swedish gymnast
* Evy Van Damme (born 1980), Belgian racing cyclist
* Evy-Ann Midttun (1943–2011), Norwegian politician
* Forest Evashevski (1918–2009), nicknamed "Evy", an American football player
* Evy á Lakjuni (born 1999), Faroese footballer
* Evy Kuijpers (born 1995), Dutch professional racing cyclist
* Edgardo Vega Yunqué (1936–2008), Puerto Rican writer
* Esther V. Yanai (1928–2003)
* Evy Goffin, member of Lasgo
* Evy Lynch, (born 1991), Irish actress
* Evy Karlsson, a character in the Swedish comedy TV-show Full Frys
* Evy, a character in Go Fish
* Evy Lucío Córdova, the founder and director of San Juan Children's Choir
* Evy, stage name of Évelyne Lenton [it] (aka Evelyne Verrecchia), French "yé-yé" singer
* EVY, the FAA LID code for Summit Airport, Delaware, United States
# Rohrbach-Steinberg

Rohrbach-Steinberg is a former municipality in the district of Graz-Umgebung in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Hitzendorf.
# Nicholas of Strasburg

Nicholas of Strasburg was an Alsatian mystic of the Dominican Order from Strasbourg (Strassburg), active in the first half of the 14th century. He was appointed visitator of the German province of the Dominicans by Pope John XXII and took over as inquisitor in the process against Master Eckhart, acquitting him. His major literary work, Summa Philosophiae, is designed as an introduction to philosophical problems for those studying for the Order. Nicholas' manual was written with the aim of establishing a Thomistic approach, which in the early 14th century in Germany meant going up against the alternative philosophical culture represented by Dietrich of Freiberg and Meister Eckhart.