# Rhodesia Prison Service

The Rhodesia Prison Service (RPS) was a law enforcement agency of Rhodesia. A subdivision of the Rhodesian Security Forces, it was responsible for the administration of the Rhodesian prison system. Established in 1954 as the Southern Rhodesia Prison Department and incorporated into the federal prison service of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, it continued as the prison service of independent Rhodesia during the UDI period. Upon Zimbabwe's independence in 1980, it was dissolved and superseded by the Zimbabwe Prison Services.
The RPS was led by the director of prisons, who was assisted by a deputy director and an assistant director. The first director of prisons was David Cameron in 1954, and the final officeholder was Frank Leslie Patch, serving from 1968 to 1980.

## History

Prior to 1954, prisons in Southern Rhodesia were administered by the Southern Rhodesia Prison Department (SRPD). On 30 November 1954, the Federal Assembly of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland passed the Prisons Department Act (49/1954), which incorporated the SRPD into the Federal Prison Service (FPS), effective 1 December 1954. This arrangement continued until December 1963, when the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland dissolved and autonomy was returned to the individual colonies of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland, the latter two of which gained independence in 1964 as Zambia and Malawi, respectively. From 1963, the service continued as the Southern Rhodesia Prison Service (SRPS). In 1965, shortly before Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of independence from the United Kingdom, the SRPS began using the name Rhodesia Prison Service.
In 1980, upon Zimbabwe's independence, the RPS was dissolved and superseded by the Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Service.

## Organizational structure
### Administration and personnel

The headquarters of the Rhodesia Prison Service was located at the corner of Fourth Street and Jameson Avenue (today renamed Samora Machel Avenue).
| # | Ranks 1975 |
| 1 | Director of Prisons |
| 2 | Deputy Director of Prisons |
| 3 | Assistant Director of Prisons |
| 4 | Senior Chief Superintendent |
| 5 | Chief Superintendent |
| 6 | Superintendent |
| 7 | Chief Prison Officer |
| 8 | Principal Prison Officer |
| 9 | Established Prison Officer |
| 10 | Prison Officer |
| 11 | Chief Warder |
| 12 | Sergeant Major |
| 13 | Sergeant |
| 14 | Corporal |
| 15 | Lance Corporal |
| 16 | Warder |
| Source: | |

### Prison system

The Rhodesia Prison Service administered more than 40 prisons.
Rhodesian Prison Service prisons :
| Prison | Location | Security type | Note(s) |
| Beitbridge Prison | Beitbridge | | |
| Belingwe Prison | Belingwe | | |
| Bindura Prison | Bindura | | |
| Binga Prison | Binga | | |
| Buffalo Range Prison | Chiredzi | | Renamed Chiredzi Prison |
| Bulawayo Central Prison | Bulawayo | Medium/Remand | Commonly known as Grey Street Prison |
| Chikurubi Prison Farm | Salisbury | | |
| Chikurubi Maximum Security Prison | Salisbury | Maximum | |
| Chikurubi Medium Prison | Salisbury | Medium | |
| Chipinga Prison | Chipinga | | |
| Connemara Prison | Gwelo | | Closed 1979/80 |
| Enkeldoorn Prison | Enkeldoorn | | Renamed Chivhu Prison |
| Fort Victoria Prison | Fort Victoria | | Renamed Masvingo Prison |
| Gatooma Prison Farm | Gatooma | | Renamed Kadoma Prison Farm |
| Gonakudzingwa Detention Camp | Vila Salazar | | Closed 1979 |
| Gorge Grange Prison | Fort Victoria | | Satellite of Fort Victoria Prison; farm prison |
| Gwanda Prison | Gwanda | | |
| Gwelo Prison | Gwelo | | Renamed Gweru Prison |
| Hartley Prison | Hartley | | Closed 1968 |
| Katambora Reformatory | | | Formerly a prison |
| Karoi Prison | Karoi | | |
| Kentucky Prison | Salisbury | | Satellite of Salisbury Central Prison |
| Khami Maximum Security Prison | Bulawayo | Maximum | Held mentally ill prisoners |
| Khami Medium Prison | Bulawayo | Medium | |
| Khami Open Prison | Bulawayo | Open | |
| Marandellas Prison | Marandellas | | Renamed Marondera Prison |
| Mrewa Prison | Mrewa | | Renamed Murewa Prison |
| Mtoko Prison | Mtoko | | |
| New Sarum Prison | Salisbury | | Satellite of Salisbury Central Prison |
| Nyamandlovu Prison | Nyamandhlovu | | Renamed Anju Prison Farm |
| Plumtree Prison | Plumtree | | |
| Que Que Prison | Que Que | | Renamed Kwekwe Prison |
| Rusape Prison | Rusape | | |
| Salisbury Central Prison | Salisbury | Medium (Maximum & remand sections) | Renamed Harare Central Prison |
| Salisbury Remand Prison & Holding Centre | Salisbury | Remand | Renamed Harare Central Remand Prison |
| Shabani Prison | Shabani | | Renamed Zvishavane Prison |
| Sinoia Prison | Sinoia | | Renamed Chinhoyi Prison |
| Selukwe Prison | Selukwe | | Renamed Shurugwi Prison |
| Tjoloto Prison | Wankie | | |
| Umtali Prison | Umtali | | Renamed Mutare Prison |
| Wankie Prison | Wankie | | Renamed Hwange Prison |
| Wha Wha Maximum Security Detention Centre | Gwelo | Maximum | |
| Wha Wha Medium Prison | Gwelo | Medium | |

## Seal and flag

The seal of the Rhodesia Prison Service consists of a yellow lion with a red tongue and white claws, standing on a horizontal white bar. The background color of the circular emblem in which the lion stands is light green. Above the circle is the Zimbabwe Bird, of gold color and outlined in dark brown. Rising vertically through the center of the circle is a sheathed sword inlaid with silver design and with a black point. The hilt of the sword consisted of a gold guard and pommel, and a black and white grip. Curved around the edge of the interior of the circle are the words "Rhodesia Prison Service" in white color. The lines of the circle are black, there are two white circular borders: one around the lion, and another serving as the exterior border of the emblem. Below the circle, just beneath the hilt of the sword, is the red and yellow flower of the flame lily, Rhodesia's national flower.
The flag of the Rhodesia Prison Service was a light green flag, of 2:1 proportions, with the RPS emblem in the center. The RPS emblem and flag were designed by Alan Simpson.