OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Llanwrtyd Wells transmitting station

The Llanwrtyd Wells television relay station is sited on high ground by the hamlet of Cefn Gorwydd to the east of the village of Llanwrtyd Wells in Powys, mid Wales. It was originally built in the 1980s as a fill-in relay for UHF analogue television covering the communities of Llanwrtyd Wells, Cefn Gorwydd and the surrounding area. It consists of a 25 m (82 ft) self-supporting lattice steel mast standing on a hillside which is itself about 240 m (790 ft) above sea level. The transmissions are beamed broadly northwest and northeast to cover its targets. The Llanwrtyd Wells transmission station is owned and operated by Arqiva.
Llanwrtyd Wells transmitter re-radiates the signal received off-air from Llandrindod Wells which is itself an off-air relay of Carmel about 45 kilometres (28 mi) to the southwest. When it came, the digital switchover process for Llanwrtyd Wells duplicated the timing at Carmel with the first stage taking place on 26 August 2009 and with the second stage being completed on 23 September 2009. After the switchover process, analogue channels had ceased broadcasting permanently and the Freeview digital TV services were radiated at an ERP of 2 W each.

## Channels listed by frequency
### Analogue television
#### 1980's - 26 August 2009

Being in Wales, Llanwrtyd Wells transmitted Channel 4
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Service |
| 519.25 MHz | 27 | 0.010 | BBC One Wales |
| 495.25 MHz | 24 | 0.010 | ITV1 Wales (HTV Wales until 2002) |
| 567.25 MHz | 33 | 0.010 | BBC Two Wales |
| 471.25 MHz | 21 | 7.1 | Channel 4 Wales |

### Analogue and digital television
#### 26 August 2009 - 23 September 2009

The UK's digital switchover commenced at Carmel (and therefore at Llanwrtyd Wells and all its other relays) on 26 August 2009. Analogue BBC Two Wales on channel 27 was first to close, and ITV Wales was moved from channel 24 to channel 27 for its last month of service. Channel 24 was replaced by the new digital BBC A mux which started up in 64-QAM and at full power (i.e. 2 W).
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Service | System |
| 567.25 MHz | 33 | 0.01 | BBC One Wales | NTSC System I |
| 498.000 MHz | 24 | 0.002 | BBC A | DVB-T |
| 519.25 MHz | 27 | 0.01 | ITV1 Wales (HTV Wales until 2002) | PAL System I |
| 471.25 MHz | 21 | 0.0 | Channel 4 Wales | NTSC System I |

### Digital television
#### 23 September 2009 - present

The remaining analogue TV services were closed down and the digital multiplexes took over on the original analogue channels' frequencies.
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Operator |
| 474.166 MHz | 21+ | 0.002 | Digital 3&4 |
| 498.000 MHz | 24 | 0.002 | BBC A |
| 522.000 MHz | 27 | 0.002 | BBC B |
# Cassette mutagenesis

Cassette mutagenesis is a type of site-directed mutagenesis that uses a short, double-stranded oligonucleotide sequence (gene cassette) to replace a fragment of target DNA. It uses complementary restriction enzyme digest ends on the target DNA and gene cassette to achieve specificity. It is different from methods that use single oligonucleotide in that a single gene cassette can contain multiple mutations. Unlike many site directed mutagenesis methods, cassette mutagenesis also does not involve primer extension by DNA polymerase.

## Mechanism

First, restriction enzymes are used to cleave near the target sequence on DNA contained in a suitable vector. This step removes the target sequence and everything between the restriction sites. Then, the synthetic double stranded DNA containing the desired mutation and ends that are complementary to the restriction digest ends are ligated in place of the sequence removed. Finally, the resultant construct is sequenced to check that the target sequence contains the intended mutation.

## Usage

The use of synthetic gene cassette allows total control over the type of mutation that can be generated. When studying protein functions, cassette mutagenesis can allow a scientist to change individual amino acids by introducing different codons or omitting codons.
By including the SD sequence and the first few codons of a gene, a scientist can easily and dramatically affect the expression level of a protein by altering these regulatory sequences.

## Limitations

To use this method, the sequence of the target sequence and nearby restriction sites must be known. Since restriction enzymes are used, for this method to be useful, the restriction sites flanking the target DNA has to be unique in the gene/vector system so that the gene cassette can be inserted with specificity. The length of the sequence flanked by the restriction sites is also a limiting factor due to the use of synthetic gene cassettes.

## Advantages

Since one gene cassette can contain multiple mutations, less total oligonucleotide synthesis and purification is needed. Compared to mutagenesis methods that requires the synthesis of double stranded DNA using a single stranded template (1-30% in vitro in M13), the efficiency of the ligation of oligodeoxynucleotide cassette is close to 100%. The high efficiency of the mutagenesis means mutants can be screened directly by sequencing. Once the vector is set up with flanking restriction sites, all manipulations (i.e., mutagenesis, sequencing, expression) can be performed in the same plasmid.
# Masaya Fukuda

Masaya Fukuda (福田 正哉, Fukuda Masaya, born 5 October 1946) is a Japanese fencer. He competed in the team foil events at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics.
# MMOV

MMOV may reference to:

## Acronyms

Multi-mission Offshore Vessel, a class of Philippine-manufactured ships listed among the floating assets of the Philippines' Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, primarily intended to guard Philippine waters against illegal fishing.

## Ships

* DA BFAR MMOV 5001 - One of the two recently launched lead ships in the Philippines' Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources' MMOV class.
* DA BFAR MMOV 5002 - One of the two recently launched lead ships in the Philippines' Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources' MMOV class.
# Mionlach

Mionlach is the Irish language name of two localities in Ireland:
* Menlo, County Galway, a village and townland within the boundaries of Galway City
* Menlough, a village in northeast of County Galway
# Coronary flow reserve

Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is the maximum increase in blood flow through the coronary arteries above the normal resting volume. Its measurement is often used in medicine to assist in the treatment of conditions affecting the coronary arteries and to determine the efficacy of treatments used.

## Overview

When demand for oxygen in the myocardium is increased, the vascular resistance of the coronary arteries has the ability to reduce, and this can increase the volume of blood passing through the blood vessels. This reduction occurs because the arteries dilate, which causes an increase in the diameter of the lumen. The greatest potential for this change is normally in the branches (arterioles) of the coronary artery that penetrate the myocardium, rather than those on the surface of the heart.

## Measurement

Coronary flow reserve can be measured through a variety of methods, including digital subtraction cineangiography with coronary catheterization, doppler echocardiography, and positron emission tomography (PET).

## Medical implications

Coronary flow reserve is used in diagnostics and treatment of patients with conditions such as coronary artery disease and syndrome X. In the treatment of these conditions, vasodilators are used to allow sufficient blood to flow past a stenosis, for example, and the measurement of CFR enables the efficacy of such interventions to be measured. In patients with Anderson-Fabry disease, there is evidence to suggest that CFR can be reduced. When coronary flow reserve is used in medicine, it is often expressed with a numerical value, which is formed by dividing the maximal coronary blood flow by resting blood flow. This allows for an objective view, which can aid diagnosis and treatment.
# Paphiopedilum purpuratum

Paphiopedilum purpuratum is a species of orchids found from southern China to Hainan Island. The species was discovered on Hong Kong Island in 1850.
This forest species is Critically Endangered in the wild, with an estimated global population of fewer than 250 individuals. The main causes of ongoing decline are habitat loss and degradation.
# Giacinto Martorelli

Giacinto Martorelli (1 October 1855 – 11 December 1917) was an Italian ornithologist and bird artist best known for the book Gli uccelli d'Italia (1905–06). He took a special interest in bird hybridization.
Martorelli was born in Turin to Francesco and Luigi. After graduating from Turin in 1879, he joined the museum of zoology under Tommaso Salvadori at the university as an assistant to Michele Lessona. He worked as a high school teacher at Sassari from 1881 to 1883 during which time he also made observations on birds and collected specimens. He moved to Pistoia in 1883 and worked with E. H. Giglioli from 1884, illustrating some of his books. Martorelli returned to work at Turin and then moved to Rome to teach at the Mamiani high school followed by work in Beccaria high school in Milan where he settled. At Milan he worked with the Museum of Natural History and took charge of the Turati collection in 1893. He was one of the founders of the journal Rivista italiana di ornitologia in 1911 and was one of the editors of the journal until his death. Although interested in hunting, he became more concerned about bird protection in his later years.
# John Templeton Bowen

John Templeton Bowen (8 July 1857 – 3 December 1940) was an American dermatologist. He was a professor of dermatology at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Bowen obtained his doctoral degree in medical sciences from the Harvard University in 1884. From 1884 to 1887, he pursued postgraduate studies in Berlin, Munich, and Vienna. He joined Massachusetts General Hospital in 1889 as an assistant in the skin diseases department.
In 1907 he became a professor of dermatology at Harvard Medical School. During his time at Harvard, he was elected president of the American Society of Dermatology.
Bowen's disease and bowenoid papulosis are named after him.
# Roscemanno

Roscemanno, O.S.B.Cas. (died in 1128 or later) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro.
He was the son of the monk Roscemanno. He himself became a monk at the Benedictine abbey of Montecassino.
Roscemanno was named a cardinal by Pope Paschal II, at the same time as Oderisius II, abbot of Montecassino, probably in 1111 or 1112.
He is not named as one of the cardinals who was taken prisoner, along with Pope Paschal, on 12 February 1111, or made to swear the oath in the name of the pope to accept the agreement with King Henry V. He was one of the cardinals who condemned the "Privilegium" granted by Pope Paschal II to King Henry at the Lateran synod of March 1112.
He participated in the papal election of 24 January 1118.
On 12 April 1118, Roscemann was in Capua with the papal court, and signed a document. In July, the pope and the court returned to Rome, but the pressure of the antipope and the Frangipani compelled them to flee again, on 2 September 1118. The pope and six cardinals, including Rosceman, took ship for Pisa. There is no evidence for any activity of Roscemann at Pisa.
He is said to have participated in the papal election at Cluny on 2 February 1119, according to Petrus Diaconus.
In 1120, during his visit to Benevento, Pope Calixtus II removed Stephanus, the Rector of Benevento, who had succeeded Cardinal Hugo d' Alatri, and replaced him with the Deacon Roscemannus. He served until 1122.
His latest known subscription to a papal document was on 4 September 1128 in Benevento.
# Mont-Huon Military Cemetery

Mont-Huon Military Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery close to Le Tréport, north-west of Dieppe on the north-west coast of France. The cemetery holds over 2,300 dead from both World War I and World War II.

## History

Le Tréport was the scene of much Allied activity during World War I due to its proximity to the front line, it had ready access to England and was chosen to establish a hospital where the Trianon Grand Hotel was put into service to provide 500 beds. The local civilian cemetery quickly became over-crowded and the first military cemetery also become over-crowded, requiring the establishment of Mont-Huon in the summer of 1917.
The Second World War saw the reopening of the cemetery to cope with the casualties of that war. Seven men are buried in Mont-Huon Military Cemetery from World War II, in two separate sections.
The slight discrepancy (by one) in the number of Allied burials (WW1=2,128 & WW2=7; total = 2,135 v 2,134) is because there is one non-combatant buried in Mont-Huon. Mrs Gertrude Chambers, who died 1 December 1918 aged 27 is interred in Mont-Huon. Her headstone reads "Had he asked us we would say God we love her let her stay".

## The cemetery

Designed by Sir Reginald Blomfield, Mont-Huon Military Cemetery contains the remains of soldiers from the Allies and Germany.
In total, the cemetery contains 2,349 burials of which over 200 are German burials.
* Entrance
* Stone of Remembrance
* The Cross of Sacrifice
* Mrs Chambers' headstone
* Some of the German headstones, with pointed tops
# Christiane Berger-Schaffitzel

Christiane Helene Berger-Schaffitzel is a German biochemist and Professor at the University of Bristol. Her research considereds the ribosome and translational control mechanism. Her research team identified that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein could bind linoleic acid.

## Early life and education

Berger-Schaffitzel studied biochemistry in University of Hannover and ETH Zurich. She moved to the University of Zurich for her doctoral research, where she studied ribosomes and the evolution of antibodies against proteins and nucleic acids. She returned to ETH Zurich as a postdoctoral researcher in 2001, and was eventually made a lecturer.

## Research and career

In 2007 Berger-Schaffitzel was made team leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory. She was made a professor of biochemistry at the University of Bristol in 2014. Her research focusses on the complexes involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. She makes use of ribosome and naïve antibody display libraries to identify neutralising binders that have high affinity against specific toxins. Supported by a European Research Council Horizon grant, Berger-Schaffitzel developed a snakebite treatment for Sub-Saharan Africa. At Bristol Berger-Schaffitzel established a facility for cryogenic electron microscopy.
During the COVID-19 pandemic Berger-Schaffitzel started working on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. She used cryo em to show it could bind Linoleic Acid. When Linoleic Acid binds to the spike protein it interferes with SARS-CoV-2 infection and inhibits viral replication. Following this discovery Berger-Schaffitzel founded HALO Therapeutics to create a respiratory antiviral spray for coronaviruses. In 2021 Bristol Live named Berger-Schaffitzel one of the most influential women in Bristol.

## Select publications

* Christiane Schaffitzel; Imre Berger; Jan Postberg; Jozef Hanes; Hans J. Lipps; Andreas Plückthun (17 July 2001). "In vitro generated antibodies specific for telomeric guanine-quadruplex DNA react with Stylonychia lemnae macronuclei". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (15): 8572–7. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.8572S. doi:10.1073/PNAS.141229498. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 37477. PMID 11438689. Wikidata Q28204801.
* Hanes J; Schaffitzel C; Knappik A; Plückthun A (1 December 2000). "Picomolar affinity antibodies from a fully synthetic naive library selected and evolved by ribosome display". Nature Biotechnology. 18 (12): 1287–1292. doi:10.1038/82407. ISSN 1087-0156. PMID 11101809. Wikidata Q30974237.
* Christine Toelzer; Kapil Gupta; Sathish K N Yadav; et al. (21 September 2020). "Free fatty acid binding pocket in the locked structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein". Science. 370 (6517): 725–730. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.ABD3255. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 8050947. PMID 32958580. Wikidata Q99593526.
# Ronan Browne

Ronan Browne is an Irish musician and composer who plays the Irish pipes.

## Early years

Browne was born in Dublin to psychiatrist Ivor Browne and Orla Kiernan. His family has some history in music, with his maternal grandmother being Irish folk singer Delia Murphy.

## Career

Browne has been a member of several musical groups, including CRAN and the Afro Celt Sound System. He also played on pipes the soundtrack of Riverdance. He has also released several albums with Peter O'Loughlin, a longtime friend of his.
# Christophe Moulherat

Christophe Moulherat is a French scholar, anthropologist, scientific analyst. He is a textile expert.

## Academics

Christophe Moulherat holds a Doctoral degree in archaeology, prehistory, and anthropology from the Sorbonne University Paris.

## Notable studies and publications

* The study of cotton history. First evidence of cotton at Neolithic Mehrgarh, Pakistan: analysis of mineralized fibres from a copper bead.
* In-place molecular preservation of cellulose in 5,000-year-old archaeological textiles.
* He is entitled to archaeology of protohistoric textiles, the example of Gallia Celtica.
* Archéologie des textiles protohistoriques fexemple de la Gaule celtique.
* Anthropomorphy of sweat in reliquary guardians (Fang, Gabon): a CT scan study.
* More Publications.
# Christopher Heins

Christopher Heins (died October 1689) was a lieutenant and interim Governor-General of The Danish West Indies during two short periods, respectively 29 June 1686 to March 1687 and from October 1688 to 1689. Little is known about his career or personal life outside his reigns under company rule.
When Gabriel Milan was appointed governor in 1684, Heins accompanied him to the West Indies, and would succeed him in the event of his death (after Niels Lassen who was the direct successor).
When Milan's rule fell into disfavor with the Danish administration in 1686 and he was removed from office, he gave the charge of the fortress to Heins. However, Mikkel Mikkelsen of the Danish party was the official governor until 29 June 1686 when official charge of the islands was given to Heins.
The official reporter, Andrew Brock, said about the incidents (in a letter to Albert Gyldensparre): "May God in heaven aid him (Heins) oto carry on his government better than his predecessors, which I expect him to do, as he has shown himself only as an honest and upright man."
After the initial confusion of the Milan deposition, Adolph Esmit was reinstated as governor in 1687, leaving Heins as vice-governor. However, this rule was short, as the company quickly found that Esmit was unable to fulfill his obligations in a satisfactory manner, and he was recalled to Denmark the year after.
Vice-admiral Ivar Hoppe who was taking Esmit back called the inhabitants together on 8 July 1688 and told them that he wished to know if Esmit’s statement that he held the affection of all on the island was true. "If you want Adolph Esmit to become governor, speak now while there is yet time," the vice-admiral said. To this the planters all responded as with one voice, “No! if that should happen, we should all leave the land!” When asked concerning vice-governor Heins, they replied that they asked for no better governor. Heins was reinstated as governor ad interim in October of that year.
This reign would be short, however, as he died only a year after.
| Preceded byMikkel Mikkelsen (ad interim) | Governor of the Danish West Indies (ad interim) 1686–1687 | Succeeded byAdolph Esmit |
| Preceded byAdolph Esmit | Governor of the Danish West Indies (ad interim) 1688–1689 | Succeeded byJohan Lorensen |
# Rosling

Rosling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* George Rosling (1900–1973), American judge
* Hans Rosling (1948–2017), Swedish physician, academic, statistician, and public speaker
* Ola Rosling (born 1975), Swedish statistician
# Roots wine

Roots wine more commonly known as "roots drink" or "herbal drink" is a type of medicinal beverage popular in Jamaica. It is believed to have healthful and aphrodisiacal qualities for men.
Roots wine is made from a variety of herbs and roots, often blended with honey or molasses. It is naturally fermented and slightly effervescent, typically containing less than 5% alcohol.

## Ingredients

Typical ingredients could include:
# Rootsiküla

Rootsiküla may refer to several places in Estonia:
* Rootsiküla, Pärnu County, village in Kihnu Parish, Pärnu County
* Rootsiküla, Saare County, village in Kihelkonna Parish, Saare County
* Rootsiküla, Tartu County, village in Alatskivi Parish, Tartu County
# Montmartre Rose

Montmartre Rose is a 1929 American silent drama film directed by Bernard McEveety and starring Marguerite De La Motte, Rosemary Theby and Harry Myers.

## Plot

A respectable Paris jeweller becomes engaged to a celebrated performer of the Montmartre cafes.

## Cast

* Marguerite De La Motte as Jeanne
* Rosemary Theby
* Harry Myers
* Paul Ralli
* Frank Leigh
* Martha Mattox
# John West (Australian poet)

John West was an Australian poet and the author of numerous books of poetry published in Australia between 1994 and his death in 2009. He died just before his Selected Poems was finalised for publication. Several hundred of his individual poems were published in his lifetime, mostly in Australia but also in the UK. He was raised in the Mallee town of Merbein, Victoria, and worked as an aged care nurse in Melbourne. His work is known for its conversational approach and compassionate social realism.
His books include Stuttering Towards Love (Walleah Press 2000); All I Ever Wanted was a Window (Pardalote Press 2002); Couchworld (Picaro Press 2006); and Walking Amongst Women (Picaro Press 2006).
# John West (Scottish politician)

John West (born 1988) was Depute Provost of Aberdeen City Council from May 2007 until July 2009. He became the youngest person elected as a Local Authority councillor in Scotland on 3 May 2007 at the age of eighteen with the Scottish National Party. He was elected to Aberdeen City Council by the Hazlehead, Ashley and Queens Cross Ward.
His election to the position of Depute Provost drew both praise and criticism, due to his young age. His older sister, Kirsty Blackman (born 1986) is also a SNP politician, elected as councillor for the Hilton/Stockethill area in 2007 and as MP for Aberdeen North in 2015. West masterminded Kevin Stewart's election as Aberdeen Central MSP in May 2011.
He did not seek to be re-elected in the 2012 Scottish Local Elections.
# Christa Fontana

Christa Fontana was an Italian luger who competed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. A natural track luger, she won a silver medal in the women's singles event at the 1980 FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships in Passeier, Italy.
Fontana also earned a silver medal in the women's singles event at the 1979 FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships in Aosta, Italy.