OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hughes v. Fetter

Hughes v. Fetter, 341 U.S. 609 (1951), is a Supreme Court case involving the conflict of laws between states.

## Facts

Harold Hughes, a resident of Wisconsin, was killed in an automobile accident while driving in Illinois. The other driver, Fetter, was also a Wisconsin resident, and Fetter's insurance company was also located in Wisconsin. The administrator of Hughes' estate filed a wrongful death claim in Wisconsin state court, alleging that the death was caused by negligence on Fetter's part.
Although the administrator's action was filed in Wisconsin, and the defendants were a Wisconsin resident and a Wisconsin-based insurance company, the suit was based on the Illinois wrongful death statute. The trial court granted summary judgment on the merits to the defendants, holding that the public policy of Wisconsin, which had a "door-closing" statute with respect to wrongful death actions, which expressly limited the courts to compensating deaths occurring in Wisconsin. This was affirmed by the Wisconsin Supreme Court, and the administrator then filed a petition for certiorari in the U.S. Supreme Court, asserting that the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States Constitution required the Wisconsin courts to apply Illinois law.

## Decision

The U.S. Supreme Court reversed, holding that because Wisconsin's statutory policy would exclude the Illinois cause of action, the public policy asserted violated the national policy of giving Full Faith and Credit to the laws of other states. The Court found that the Illinois wrongful death statute is a "public act", and that Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each state to the "public acts" of every other state. The Court noted that Wisconsin enforced wrongful death suits under its own law, and therefore evinced no strong public policy against such claims that would justify excluding them from its courts.
A dissenting opinion by Justice Frankfurter, joined by three other justices, argued that states should be able to close their courts to foreign causes of action where there is a reasonable basis to do so. Frankurter believed there was such a basis here, because the suit could have been brought in Illinois, and because there were substantial differences in the wrongful death laws of the two states.
The Court was unclear about what the objectionable discrimination really was, between the imposition of the law of another state, or the fact that the case involved an accident in another state. It has been noted that the Court also "allowed for an indeterminate exception to the Hughes rule" in circumstances "when the forum did have an antipathy to the foreign claim".

## Impact

Hughes is considered the leading case on the constitutionality of door-closing statutes.
# Nicholas Vreeland Outkitchen

The Nicholas Vreeland Outkitchen, also known as the John H. Vreeland Outkitchen, is a historic stone building located at 52 Jacksonville Road in the Towaco section of the township of Montville in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. Built c. 1780, it was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1938. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 11, 2009, for its significance in architecture. The building contributes to the domestic architecture theme of the Dutch Stone Houses in Montville Multiple Property Submission (MPS).

## History and description

The outkitchen was part of a 180-acre (73 ha) farm worked by Nicholas "Claes" Vreeland around the last quarter of the 18th century. In 1811, his son, Hartman N. Vreeland (1762–1823), inherited the farm. In 1823, his son, John H. Vreeland inherited it. The outkitchen is a one-story limestone building featuring Dutch Colonial architecture. It has been restored and is currently used as a museum.
# Judith Elliott

Judith Ann Elliott was appointed to the Provincial Court of Manitoba on July 26, 2000.
Prior to her appointment to the bench, Judge Elliott worked as a staff lawyer for Legal Aid Manitoba. She practised law for 17 years. She primarily worked in the area of criminal law, focusing on matters involving domestic violence. Judge Elliott has been a member of the Family Violence Court Steering Committee, which was responsible for monitoring the ongoing work of the Family Violence Court.
# Kypseli

Kypseli may refer to the following places in Greece:
* Kypseli, Athens, a neighbourhood in Athens
* Kypseli, Kastoria, a village in the municipal unit Nestorio, Kastoria regional unit
* Kypseli, Methana, a village in the Methana peninsula
* Kypseli, Patras, a neighbourhood in Patras
* Kypseli, Xanthi, a village in the Xanthi regional unit
* Kypseli, Emathia, a village in the Emathia regional unit
# Marcelin L. Lahaie

Marcelin L. Lahaie DSO, CD was a Canadian officer who served in the Royal Canadian Artillery during the Second World War. He also served as the first commandant of the Royal Military College Saint-Jean and also the commandant of CFB Valcartier.

## Education

Marcelin L. Lahaie was born in 1913 in Buckingham, Quebec. In 1932, he began his studies at MCGill University in engineering, until 1935. He then studied for a small period of time at the University of Montréal.

## Military career

Lahaie joined the Canadian Army in October 1940 as a second lieutenant. He was trained until 1942, when he was deployed overseas as a captain in the Artillery. In 1944, as a major, he commanded a battery in the 4th Medium Regiment, RCA until 1945. After the war, he also served as the commander of the 79th Field Artillery Regiment, which in 1951 became part of the NATO force present in Germany Lahaie then opened a new military college in Canada, becoming the first commandant of the Royal Military College Saint-Jean when it opened in 1952.

## Royal Military College Saint-Jean

The Government of Canada, under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent, decided to create a bilingual military college in the province of Quebec. Newly promoted Colonel Lahaie was entrusted with the opening of the new military college with the first Officer Cadets set to enter the college November 15, 1952. The college opened early on 15 September 1952, and was granted a 3-year program composed of one preparatory year and two university years from the Canadian government due to the efforts of Lahaie. The Lahaie Pavilion, named in his honour, was built at the Royal Military College Saint-Jean in 1972. The Lahaie Pavilion houses the college library, offices, computer labs, and some classrooms.
# M3K

M3K may refer to:
* M3K (postal code), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; see List of postal codes of Canada: M
* MAP kinase kinase kinase (M3K)
* M3K (pro-wrestlers) [ja], a Japanese pro-wrestling stable of Masaaki Mochizuki, Mochizuki Jr, Susumu Mochizuki, and, Yasushi Kanda, on the Dragongate wrestling promotion tour; wrestling in 2002 and 2023; see List of Dragon Gate personnel
* M3K (amphibious military truck), a variant of the M3 Amphibious Rig bridging vehicle
# Joravasan railway station

Joravasan railway station is a small railway station on the Western Railway network in the state of Gujarat, India. Joravasan railway station is 14 km away from Valsad railway station. Passenger and MEMU trains halt here.
# Greyhawk Mine

Greyhawk Mine is a decommissioned underground uranium mine located in Faraday Township near Bancroft, Ontario. It operated from 1954 to 1959 and from 1976 to 1982. The mine produced 80,247 tons of uranium ore, of which 0.069% was U$_3$O$_8$ worth $834,899.
Aside from uranium, the mine has produced some of the world's best samples of Kainosite-(Y).

## Uranium discovery - 1922 to 1954

Uranium was first discovered in the nearby area of Cardiff in 1922 by W. M. Richardson. Between 1953 and 1956, one hundred area prospects were opened, including one by one which developed into Greyhawk Mine.

## Mine operations - 1954 to 1982

In 1954, Goldhawk Porcupine Mines Limited (who later became Goldhawk Uranium Mines Limited) undertook geology surveys, drilling to 450 feet deep. During 1955 and 1956 Greyhawk Uranium Mines Limited sunk a vertical shaft to 361 feet creating three levels at depths of 110 feet, 211 feet, and 333 feet. They then drilled 114 holes (totalling 42,299 feet of drilling).
By late 1956, there were 430 feet of underground cross-cuts, 1,606 feet of drifting, and 512 feet of raising, all at the first level. Underground drilling totalled 10,542 feet over 76 holes. In 1958, the shaft was lowered further, to a new depth of 402 feet, from where lower levels were established.
The ore was processed at the nearby Faraday mill on the Faraday Mine site.
Mining operations stopped in 1959.
Faraday Uranium Mines Limited purchased the site from Goldhawk Uranium Mines Limited in 1962. Madawaska Mines Limited was formed in 1975 and purchased the site, as well as the nearby Faraday Mine, restarting mining operations in 1976 until 1982.

## Production

Over its two periods of operations, the mine produced 80,247 tons of uranium ore, of which 0.069% was U$_3$O$_8$ worth $834,899.
In addition to uranium, the mine produced some of the world's best samples of Kainosite-(Y).

## Incidents

* Rosaire Adrienne Lamirande, a 36 year old machine operator, was killed by falling rock in 1958.

## Post mining

1978 and 1980 studies found that the natural weathering of the granite and gabbro rocks left on site has caused uranium leaching into the aquifer at concentrations ranging between 1.2 and 380 parts per billion, with higher concentrations measured deeper in the water table and in sediments.
200,000 tons of ore, averaging 0.065% U$_3$O$_8$, remain in the ground.
As processing was done offsite, there are no tailings on site, therefore unlike the other nearby former uranium mines (Faraday/Madawaka Mine, Bicroft Mine, and Dyno Mine), the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission does not regulate the site.
The mine was owned by Ovintiv subsidiary EWL Management Limited, which merged into Ovintiv in February 2022.
# Clepsis steineriana

Clepsis steineriana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland, Greece and Russia.
The wingspan is 21–22 mm for males and 17–20 mm for females. Adults have been recorded on wing from July to August.
The larvae feed on Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Veratrum album, Pulsatilla vulgaris and Luzula species.
# Microdiores

Microdiores is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae. It was first described in 1987 by Jocqué. As of 2017, it contains 4 African species.
# Broadcasting Girl

Broadcasting Girl (Chinese: 我的播音系女友) is a 2014 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Cheng Zhonghao and Wang Kai.

## Cast

* Jiro Wang
* Qi Wei
* Angela Qiu
* Jiang Xueming

## Reception

The film has grossed US$1.80 million at the Chinese box office.
# Maravamangalam

Maravamangalam is a Major panchayat village in Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Maravamangalam is a part of Kalayarkovil taluk in the Sivaganga district.

## Geography

MARAVA MANGALAM Village or MARAVA MANGALAM Panchayat is situated in Sivaganga District. People of this village are living in very peaceful manner. This village having very proud history. Agriculture is the main profession of this village. Still this village is waiting for Industrial development. Education, Drinking water, Road and Electricity are the main concern of this village.

## History

Maravar Mangalam (now Maravamangalam) is a town near KalaiyarKoil where the Maruthu brothers army was kept. There were many soldiers in this town in the war against the white man have died. A shrine has been cut in their memory in this town. The name of that pond is 'kulu manda urani'(குழு மாண்ட ஊருணி). Even today, that village is a witness of history in Maravamangalam.
# Maraval (chestnut)

Maraval is a named natural chestnut hybrid (synonym CA 74), a cross between a European chestnut (Castanea sativa) and a Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata). INRA bred this variety in 1986 in France Lalevade-d'Ardèche. Maraval produces a big mahogany colored nut from triangular to elliptical triangular shape. The nut keeps well. Nut peeling is mediocre but good in boiling water. Nuts can be used fresh as well as for processing.
Maraval are not very demanding to the quality of the soil and produce nuts in 4 to 5 years. Maraval grow at 250-300 m of altitude in the warm regions of France such as Gironde, Dordogne, Pyrenees-Atlantiques, Midi-Pyrenees. The tree is considered partially pollinating since its pollen is not very fertile.
Its early budding makes it sensitive to spring frosts. It is resistant to leaf rust and ink disease. The tree is a mid-season hybrid variety, upright with moderate vigor and medium stature. The medium stature allows denser orchards than other hybrids such as Marigoule.
Maraval is mainly used as root stock because of its good graft compatibility with many chestnut varieties. As a rootstock, it is graft compatible with the varieties: Bouche de Betizac, Bournette, Precoce Migoule, and Maridonne. Maraval root stock is graft incompatible with Marigoule and Primato.
# Middletown Township

Middletown Township is the name of several townships in the United States:

## Minnesota

* Middletown Township, Jackson County, Minnesota

## New Jersey

* Middletown Township, New Jersey

## Pennsylvania

* Middletown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
* Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
* Middletown Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
# Miguel Antonio de Merlos

Miguel Antonio de Merlos (1669-c.1744) was a Spanish military man and politician, who served during the colonial period of Buenos Aires. He held various positions, including Sargento Mayor of the Compañía of Guardias Españolas and Governor of the province of Porco.

## Biography

Miguel Antonio de Merlos was baptized on January 20, 1669 in the Parish of Santa Eulalia, the son of Diego de Merlos y Calvo and Estefanía Jiménez de los Ríos, belonging to Spanish noble families from Murcia. He did his studies in Spain and arrived at the Río de la Plata as a passenger of Capt. Francisco de Retama in 1691.
Installed in Buenos Aires, Merlos held various military and political positions, including as commander of the Fuerte de Buenos Aires. He also served as notary of the Real Asiento de Inglaterra, and held the position of Mayordomo of Buenos Aires in 1705 and 1740 (hierarchical position, concerning to managing the finances of the city).
His first public position in the Spanish domains of America was as governor of Porco (Potosí, Bolivia), appointed on September 15, 1708, during the viceroyalty of Manuel de Oms, 1st Marquis of Castelldosrius.

## Family

Miguel Antonio de Merlos was married in the Buenos Aires Cathedral to Rosa Martinez de Figueroa, daughter of Juan Martínez Guerrero and Leonor Ramírez de Arellano, belonging to an illustrious family of the Kingdom of Chile. He and his wife were the parents of Miguel Antonio de Merlos y Martínez, caballero of the Real Orden de Santiago, who served as alcalde of 2nd vote (vice-mayor) of Buenos Aires in 1735.
# Miguel Antonio de Ustáriz

Miguel Antonio de Ustáriz, (died on the Atlantic Ocean in 1792) was governor of Puerto Rico from 1789 to 1792.
# Mardock railway station

Mardock railway station served the village of Wareside, Hertfordshire, England, from 1863 to 1964 by the Buntingford branch line.

## History

The station was opened on 3 July 1863 by the Great Eastern Railway. It was situated on the west side of the road leading to Mardocks Farm. It was known as Mardocks in RCH handbook and Mardock for Wakeside in the 1882 Great Eastern Railway timetable as well as the 1880s editions of Bradshaw. On the north side of the level crossing was a signal box that controlled a siding which served a goods yard and a cattle dock. Goods services ceased on 6 March 1961. The station closed on 16 November 1964. The station building was demolished in 1975.
# Piligena

Piligena is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Piligena mackieae Emden, 1947

## Distribution

South Africa, Zimbabwe.
# Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet

Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet (7 August 1631 – 24 November 1679), styled Lord Tufton until 1664, was an English nobleman.
Tufton was the eldest son of John Tufton, 2nd Earl of Thanet, and Lady Margaret, daughter of Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset and Lady Anne Clifford. Through his father, he was a great-great-grandson of Lord Burghley. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1655 and again from 1656 to 1658, for allegedly conspiring to capture Charles II. In 1664 he succeeded his father in the earldom.
He successfully claimed the barony of de Clifford through his maternal grandmother Lady Anne Clifford (which had been in abeyance since the death of his great-grandfather George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland). This barony conferred the honour of hereditary High Sheriff of Westmorland.
Lord Thanet married Lady Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Cork, on 11 April 1664. They had no children. He died in November 1679, aged 48, and was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother, John. The Countess of Thanet died in September 1725.
Coat of arms of Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet :
* CoronetA Coronet of an Earl
* CrestA Sea Lion sejant Argent.
* EscutcheonSable an Eagle displayed Ermine within a Bordure Argent.
* SupportersOn either side an Eagle Ermine.
* MottoAles Volat Propriis (The bird flies to its own)
# Muslingodden

Muslingodden is a headland in Svalbard, Norway.

## Geography

Muslingodden is located at the western side of Nordfjorden in Oscar II Land on the island Spitsbergen in Svalbard. It has a length of about 1.5 kilometers, and was formed by the moraine of the glacier Sveabreen. The bay Yoldiabukta is located south of Muslingodden. The Wahlenbergbreen glacier is located a few kilometers northeast. It debouches into Yoldiabukta.

## History

In 2016, world renowned Italian pianist and composer Ludovico Einaudi performed one of his compositions, Elegy for the Arctic, aboard a floating platform just off the coast of Muslingodden in Nordfjorden. Speaking about the performance, Einaudi remarked, “Being here has been a great experience. I could see the purity and fragility of this area with my own eyes and interpret a song I wrote to be played upon the best stage in the world. It is important that we understand the importance of the Arctic, stop the process of destruction and protect it."
# Jorba

Jorba (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of the Anoia in Catalonia, Spain.
# M. A. Adikari

Adikari Mudiyanselage Appuhamy, Adikari (26 December 1920 - 17 October 1962) was a Ceylonese landowner, businessman and politician.
Adikari was born on 26 December 1920 and was educated at Maliyadeva College, Kurunegala, Nalanda College and Pembroke Academy, Colombo.
He was elected to the Kalugamuwa Urban Council and as its chairman in 1949.
Adikari contested the seat of Wariyapola at the 2nd parliamentary election held in May 1952. He lost to the incumbent, Ivan Dassanayake by 12,532 votes. He challenged again at the 3rd parliamentary election held in April 1956. This time he was successful, representing the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, securing 60% of the total vote, defeating Dassanayake by 6,813 votes.
He retained his seat at the 4th parliamentary election, held on 19 March 1960, defeating Dassanayake by 2,722 votes and at the subsequent 5th parliamentary election, held on 20 July 1960, again defeating Dassanayake, this time by 2,739 votes.
On 5 August 1960 he was appointed Deputy Chairman of Committees, serving in that position until 17 October 1962.
Adikari died on 17 October 1962, whilst still in office. His parliamentary seat was taken up by D. M. Tilakaratne Bandara, who was elected at the Parliamentary by-election held on 19 December 1962.
Adikari Mawatha in Wariyapola is named after him.
# Meiyuan Kaiyuan Temple station

Meiyuan Kaiyuan Temple Station (Chinese: 梅园开原寺站), is the western terminus of Line 2, Wuxi Metro. It started operations on 28 December 2014. The station is near The Plum Garden.

## Station Layout

| Ground |
| Ground | Exits |
| B1 | Station Hall | Service Center, Ticket vending machine, Toilet, Elevator, Shops |
| B2 | West | ←█ Terminus |
| Island Platform, doors will open on the left ||
| B2 | East | →█ towards Anzhen→ |

## Exits

There are 9 exits for this station.
# Greyhawk Player's Guide

The Player's Guide, also known as the Greyhawk Player's Guide or the Player's Guide to Greyhawk, is a sourcebook for the World of Greyhawk campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. Written by Anne Brown, the work was published by Wizards of the Coast under its TSR imprint in 1998.

## Contents

The Player's Guide contains information intended for players, rather than dungeon masters. The book emphasizes character development over comprehensive coverage, giving an overview of the history, culture, and geography of the world of Oerth. It also includes small descriptions of important characters, and covers various humanoid races. The book includes some maps of the world as well as Greyhawk City. The book contains new player character class kits, and role-playing tips.

## Publication history

The Player's Guide was published as part of TSR's relaunch of the Greyhawk line, and was released before The Adventure Begins. It was published in June 1998.

## Reception

James MacDuff reviewed the Player's Guide in 1998, in Shadis #50; MacDuff also reviewed Return of the Eight and The Adventure Begins, and called the Player's Guide "easily the most accessible of the three products". He liked the 11" X 16" maps compared to the more unwieldy folding maps from earlier Greyhawk sets. MacDuff called the book "a treasure" for players, saying it "contains enough new stuff to entice old Greyhawk hands, and unlike The Adventure Begins, shouldn't leave them wanting".

## Reviews

* Backstab #10
* Envoyer #22
* Casus Belli #115