OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jirko Malchárek

Jirko Malchárek (born 28 June 1966 in Jeseník) is a former Minister of Economy of Slovakia, former deputy prime minister of Slovakia and former racing driver.

## Life and career

Malchárek was educated in technical field and graduated at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava.
He was in the Slovak National Council from 1998 to 2006, initially for the Party of Civic Understanding (Strana občianskeho porozumenia) and from 2002 as a member of the Alliance of the New Citizen, of which he is a founding member. In September 2005 he abandoned Alliance of the New Citizen and became a member of Nádej (English: Hope), which did not get into parliament in the 2006 elections.
He is interested in automobile racing and raced for 11 years, including occasional forays into international racing, such as the FIA GT Championship, and in 2002 he was a test driver of Minardi. He is a co-founder of BECEP, organization dedicated to safety of automobile traffic.
# Charles-Philippe de Chennevières-Pointel

Charles-Philippe, marquis de Chennevières-Pointel, known as Jean de Falaise (23 July 1820, Falaise – 1 April 1899) was a French writer and art historian.

## Life and career

Chennevières was a learned connoisseur and collected thousands of French drawings from 1500 to 1860. His friends included Charles Baudelaire, Theophile Gautier and the Goncourt brothers. He served in the arts administration of the Second Empire (1851-1870). He joined the Louvre in 1846, and later became its curator from 1852 to 1870, and was responsible for the Fine Arts exhibition at the 1855 Paris World's Fair. In 1873, Chennevières became the Director of the national École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts).
From March 8 to June 7, 2007, selections from his collection of drawings were the subject of an exhibition at the Louvre museum, "Philippe de Chennevières - Collector of French 19th Century Drawings".

## Works

* Essai politique d’un cousin de Charlotte Corday, Nogent-le-Rotrou, Gouverneur, 1871 ;
* Essais sur l’histoire de la peinture française, Paris, 1894 ;
* Essais sur l’organisation des arts en Province, Paris, J.-B. Dumoulin, 1852 ;
* Historiettes baguenaudières par un Normand, Aix, Aubin, 1845 ;
* Inauguration de la statue de Nicolas Poussin aux Andelys, Argentan, Barbier, 1851 ;
* Les Décorations du Panthéon, Paris, l’Artiste, 1885 ;
* Les Derniers Contes de Jean de Falaise, 1860;
* Lettres rurales, Mamers, J. Fleury, 1872 ;
* Lettres sur l’art français en 1850, Argentan, Barbier, 1851 ;
* Notes d’un compilateur sur les sculpteurs et les sculptures en ivoire, Amiens, Lenoel-Herourt, 1857 ;
* Notice historique et descriptive sur la Galerie d’Apollon au Louvre, Paris, Pillet fils aîné, 1851 ;
* Notice sur M. le Bon Taylor, Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1881 ;
* Portraits inédits d’artistes français, Paris, Vignères, Rapilly, 1855-69 ;
* V. Le Harivel-Durocher, Bellême, G. Levayer, 1898 ;
* Souvenirs d’un directeur des beaux-arts, Paris, L’Artiste, 1883-1889 ; réimp. Paris, Arthéna, 2001 ;
* Suzanne ou la terre normande, Paris, L’Artiste, 1883-1889 ; réimp. Paris, Arthéna, 2001 ;
* Notice sur la galerie d’Apollon, 1851;
* Essai sur l’organisation des arts en province, 1852;
* Les Aventures du petit roi saint Louis devant Bellesme, 1865;
* Contes percherons, Nogent-le-Rotrou, 1869;
* Les Caprices de Manette, 1878;
* Les Dessins de maires anciens, exposés à l’École des Beaux-Arts en 1879, 1880;
* Les Dessins du Louvre, 1882–1884.
# Charles-Philippe

Charles-Philippe is a compound given name which may refer to:
* Charles-Philippe d'Albert, 4th Duke of Luynes (1695–1758), French memoir writer
* Charles Philippe de Croÿ (1549–1613), Marquis of Havré, soldier and politician from the Southern Netherlands
* Prince Charles-Philippe, Duke of Nemours (1905–1970)
* Charles Philippe Henri de Noailles (1808–1854), duc (later prince) de Poix and duc de Mouchy
* Charles-Philippe d'Orléans (born 1973), Duke of Anjou
* Charles-Philippe Aubry (died 1770), French soldier and colonial administrator, twice governor of Louisiana
* Charles-Philippe Beaubien (1870–1949), Canadian politician and lawyer
* Charles Philippe de Bosset (1773–1845), Swiss engineer, British Army officer and governor of Cephalonia
* Charles-Philippe de Chennevières-Pointel (1820–1899), French writer and art historian
* Charles-Philippe de Patin (1687–1773), vicomte de Patin, Flemish writer, poet, magistrate and legal and fiscal expert
* Charles Philippe Dieussart (c. 1625–1696), Dutch architect and sculptor
* Charles Philippe Lafont (1781–1839), French violinist and composer
* Charles-Philippe Larivière (1798–1876), French painter and lithographer
* Charles Philippe Leblond (1910–2007), Canadian pioneer of cell biology and stem cell research
* Charles-Philippe Place (1814–1893), French Catholic cardinal, prelate, Bishop of Marseille and Archbishop of Rennes
* Charles-Philippe Robin (1821–1885), French anatomist, biologist and histologist
* Charles Philippe de Rodoan (1552–1616), Bishop of Middelburg and Bishop of Bruges
* Charles-Philippe Ronsin (1751–1794), French general of the Revolutionary Army of the First French Republic and extreme radical leader
# Charles Burchell

Charles Burchell may refer to:
* Charles Jost Burchell (1876–1967), Canadian diplomat
* Charles Burchell, branch secretary of the Permanent & Casual Wharf Labourers Union of Australia
# Charles Féré

Charles Samson Féré (13 July 1852 in Auffay – 22 April 1907) was a French physician.
He initially studied medicine in Rouen, where he subsequently served at the Hôtel-Dieu under surgeon Achille Flaubert (1813-1882), an older brother of writer Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880). Afterwards, he relocated to Paris, where in 1877 he gained his internship. In 1881 he began work as an assistant to Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893), who was a profound influence to Féré's career. In 1887, he was appointed chief medical officer at the Hospice Bicêtre, remaining there for the rest of his career.
Féré's wide-ranging research covered subjects such as medicine, psychology, criminology, sexuality, hypnosis, Darwinism, heredity, et al. The following are a few of his principal written works:
* Le Magnétisme animal (with Alfred Binet), 1887 - Animal magnetism.
* Dégénérescence et criminalité, 1888 - Degeneration and criminality.
* La Pathologie des émotions, 1892 - The pathology of emotions.
* La Famille névropathique, 1894 - The neuropathic family.
* L'instinct sexuel: évolution et dissolution, 1899 - The sexual instinct, evolution and dissolution.
Féré is credited with introducing the term "hallucination altruiste" to denote a hallucination depicting a person to whom a sensation, wish, or feeling is conveyed or attributed.
# Ringgold, Maryland

Ringgold is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Washington County, Maryland, United States. Its population was 166 as of the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of 0.288 square miles (0.75 km$^2$), all land.
# Joe Delucci's

Joe Delucci's is a frozen dessert company based in the United Kingdom, producing Italian gelato, ice cream and sorbet. Initially supplying a range of twenty flavours to the UK food service industry, the company opened its first retail store in Leamington Spa in 2006, and now also operates franchised and company-owned outlets in Westfield London, Westfield Stratford City, Brent Cross Bluewater, Lakeside, Meadowhall Sheffield and Bullring Birmingham.

## Products

Joe Delucci’s now produces over thirty different flavours of gelato, which is made with whole fruit and natural ingredients with no artificial colours, flavours or preservatives. Unlike ice cream, gelato’s density ingredients requires a slightly higher serving temperature, aiming for a point between firm and hard, soft but not melting. The company supplies gelato to the food service industry through national companies such as Brakes.

## Name

The name Joe Delucci is a fictional name. The rough translation means 'Joe of Light' and is a reference to the company's stated aim to change how consumers in the UK perceive ice cream by showing them 'the ice cream light'. Joe Delucci's gelato isn't ice cream as most people know it, rather, it is genuine Italian Gelati and Sorbetti.

## Awards

Awards won by the company include:
* Quality Food Awards 2014 - Ice Cream Winner: Tesco Finest Sicilian Mandarin Sorbetto
* Quality Food Awards 2014 - Ice Cream Highly Commended: Tesco Finest Sicilian Italian Hazelnut Gelato
* Quality Food Awards 2014 - Ice Cream Highly Commended: Tesco Finest Lombardy Mascarpone Gelato
* Great Taste Gold Awards 2012 - Strawberry Sorbet and Dulche de Leche (Caramel Toffee)
* Quality Food Awards 2011 – Short List - Joe Delucci’s Sicilian Pistachio Gelato
* Quality Food Awards 2010 - Highly Commended - Joe Delucci's Passionfruit Gelato
* IFEX 2008 - Winner of Best Grocery Product - New Products of the Show Awards
# Joanneum Research

Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH is one of the largest non-academic research institutes in Austria. Besides its headquarters in Graz it is also based in Weiz, Hartberg, Niklasdorf, Klagenfurt and Vienna. 85 percent of the company are owned by the province of Styria, the remaining 15 percent are held by the province of Carinthia.
# Charles Edirisuriya

Charles Edirisuriya (10 August 1895 –2 July 1986) was a Sri Lankan politician.
Charles Edirisuriya was born 10 August 1895 at Hathagala, Ambalantota. He was the second son of Jakolis Warnakula Edirisuriya (a prominent planter and the Vidana Arachchi of Pahala Kanuketiya) and Amadoru née Jayawardena. He was educated at Richmond College, Galle.
Edirisuriya became an active member of the Ceylon National Congress and started his political life in rural politics where he became chairman of the Kanuketiya village council. At the first parliamentary general election in 1947 he contested the Hambantota electorate, where he narrowly lost to Lakshman Rajapaksa, by a mere 400 votes. He was however successful at the 1952 general elections where he won the seat of Hambantota with a majority of almost 4,000 votes. He lost the seat at the 1956 elections to his rival Rajapaksa by 11,554 votes.
Edirisuriya contested the newly created Tissamaharama electorate at both the March 1960 General Elections and the subsequent July 1960 General Elections losing on both occasions to Rajapaksa. At the 1965 general elections he again contested the Tissamaharama electorate however this time as the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate where he was elected, narrowly defeating the sitting member, Rajapaska, by 236 votes. In August 1965 he resigned from the SLFP and joined the United National Party parliamentary group but refused the post of Deputy Minister of Agriculture, which he was offered.
At the 1970 General Elections he contested the seat of Tissamaharama as the UNP candidate, losing to the SLFP candidate, Tennyson Edirisuriya.
# Rignieux-le-Franc

Rignieux-le-Franc (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

## History

Property of Alphonse-Louis du Plessis de Richelieu and coming from Fontaines-sur-Saône, an early Christian sarcophagus was stored in Rignieux-le-Franc, before being bought by the Louvre in 1864.
At the end of the 16th century, the lands of Rignieux-le-Franc belonged to the Saillans de Brézenaud.

## Geography

Rignieux-le-Franc is located about 6 kilometers (3 miles) of Pérouges. The Toison, a tributary of the Ain, flows through the commune.
# Rignosot

Rignosot (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Charles Gordon Curtis

Charles Gordon Curtis (April 20, 1860 in Boston – March 1953 in Central Islip, Suffolk County, New York) was an American engineer, inventor, and patent attorney. He is best known as the developer of the eponymous Curtis steam turbine.

## Early life

Curtis graduated in 1881 from Columbia University with a degree in civil engineering, followed by two years at New York Law School.

## Career

After graduating in 1883, Curtis worked first as a patent attorney, then started his own patent law firm. Eight years later, he partnered with friends Charles Crocker and Schuyler S. Wheeler to form 'The Curtis, Crocker, Wheeler Company', with the intention of making and marketing electric appliances, such as motors and fans.

### Steam turbine

In 1896, Curtis patented two types of steam turbines. He combined the principles of the Laval turbine and the Parsons turbine into a multi-stage impulse turbine (similar to the independently developed Rateau Turbine). Curtis' turbine reached a lower efficiency than the Parsons' turbine. It was, however, much smaller and simpler in design, thus making it suitable for simple applications and mobile use (e.g.on steamships).
Curtis spoke to various companies about his turbines, but met no interest until he met Edwin W. Rice of General Electric. In 1901 he sold the rights to his patent to GE.
The Curtis turbine was developed by the International Marine Curtis Turbine Company for use as a marine propulsion, which in turn licensed it to the British shipyard John Brown & Company. The latter built the Brown-Curtis turbine used in many ships in the Royal Navy.
In 1910, Curtis was awarded the Rumford Premium Prize of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for his improvements to the steam turbine.

### Gas turbine and others

In 1899 Curtis developed the first functioning gas turbine in the United States. To this end, Curtis received the annual award of the gas turbine Division of ASME in 1948 and the Holley Medal of ASME in 1950.
In addition to the above-mentioned turbines, Curtis worked on improvements to internal combustion engines (on two-stroke diesel engines) and on the drive of torpedoes.
# Jocara abachuma

Jocara abachuma is a species of snout moth in the genus Jocara. It is found in Brazil.
# Joachim Frich

Joachim Christian Geelmuyden Gyldenkrantz Frich (24 July 1810 – 29 January 1858) was a Norwegian landscape painter. He was associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting (Düsseldorf-skolen).

## Biography

Joachim Frich was from Bergen, Norway. He was the son of David Frich (1782–1859) and his wife Gertrude Barclay (1782–1838). He received his first training in Bergen with Lyder Sagen and Carl Peter Lehmann (1794–1876). He studied at the Art Academy in Copenhagen under Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Johan Ludwig Lund and Johan Frederik Møller from 1834 to 1836. He advanced to Gipsskolen, where he was a student from 1834 until 1835. He then went to the Dresden Art Academy of Art (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf) in 1836, where he was a pupil of Johan Christian Dahl from 1836 to 1837. From 1837 to 1839, he stayed in Munich, where he was influenced by the landscape paintings of Carl Rottmann.
He then settled in Christiania (now Oslo) and in 1841 he became a teacher of the Royal School of Drawing. He also became a member of the board of the National Gallery in Christiania. In 1844 Frich was one of the founders of the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments (Foreningen til Norske Fortidsmindesmerkers Bevaring). In 1846 and 1855 he undertook study trips to Düsseldorf, whose school of painting influenced him artistically. He also undertook annual trips, visiting Sweden, the Netherlands and Belgium.
In 1850, he completed a series of six large decorative landscape paintings for the dining room in Oscarshall palace on Bygdøy. He also completed illustrations for Norge fremstillet i tegninger, a series of books produced by Norwegian publisher and author, Christian Tønsberg.

## Gallery

* Høstlandskap (1848)
* Fra Hallingdal (1849)
* Bakkehuset Pilestredet (1850)
* Fra øvre Telemark (1852)
* Fra Holsfjorden, Ringerike (1856)
# Mike Phillips

Mike Phillips may refer to:
* Mike Phillips (American football) (1921–1994), American football center for the Baltimore Colts
* Mike Phillips (baseball) (born 1950), American former professional baseball player
* Mike Phillips (basketball) (1956–2015), American basketball player
* Mike Phillips (footballer) (1933–2020), Scottish footballer
* Mike Phillips (illustrator) (born 1961), British children's book illustrator
* Mike Phillips (Montana politician) (born 1958), Montana State Representative
* Mike Phillips (rugby union) (born 1982), Welsh international rugby union footballer
* Mike Phillips (speech recognition) (born 1961), pioneer in machine learning and speech recognition
* Mike Phillips (writer) (born 1941), British writer
* Michael Brandon (pornographic actor) (born 1965), sometimes credited as Mike Phillips
# Josep Royo

Josep Royo (born 1945 in Barcelona) is a Catalan contemporary artist best known for his tapestries.
With fellow Catalan artist Joan Miró, he created The World Trade Center Tapestry, which hung in the lobby of the South World Trade Center from 1974 until the building was destroyed in 2001. He also collaborated with Miró to create a tapestry for the new headquarters of CaixaBank in Barcelona. An image from this tapestry would become the current logo for CaixaBank.
His work is exhibited in locations around the world including the Museu D'Art Modern De Tarragona in Catalonia, the Tamayo Museum in Mexico City, and The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

## Awards

1986- Aranjuez tapestry award
# Canon EF 8-15mm lens

The EF8–15mm f/4L FISHEYE USM is a fisheye zoom lens for Canon digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs) with an EF lens mount. It delivers 180° diagonal angle of view images for all EOS SLR cameras with imaging formats ranging from full-frame to APS-C, and provides 180° circular fisheye images for full-frame EOS models. Announced by Canon in 2010, it features UD glass for suppression of chromatic aberration and a subwavelength coating for reduced ghosting. It has full-time manual focus for instant switching from AF to Manual operation.

## Firsts

This lens broke new market ground in several respects:
* It is the first Canon EF lens to offer 180° circular fisheye images for full frame image sensors. Note Canon had a circular fisheye lens for the FD mount.
* It is the first zoom fisheye lens for any DSLR to offer a full 180° angle of view in both circular and rectangular image formats.
* It is the first lens by any manufacturer to offer a 180° angle of view for APS-H (1.3x crop factor) bodies.
* Also, it is the first zoom fisheye lens to offer a 180° angle of view on both full-frame and cropped bodies.
# Mesoneura opaca

Mesoneura opaca is a Palearctic species of sawfly.
# Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' team all-around

The Junior World Championships in artistic gymnastics were first held in 2019. Originally meant to be held every two years, the second edition of the event was not held until 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers were used in the first year of the event but were not used subsequently.

## Medalists

| Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Ref |
| 2019 | Győr | Japan Ryosuke Doi Takeru Kitazono Shinnosuke Oka Azusa Emata | Ukraine Nazar Chepurnyi Volodymyr Kostiuk Illia Kovtun Dmytro Shyshko | Italy Lorenzo Bonicelli Ivan Brunello Lorenzo Minh Casali Mirko Galimberti | |
| 2023 | Antalya | Japan Kamiyama Haruto Tanida Masaharu Tsunogai Tomoharu Noda Renato | China He Xiang Qin Guohuan Yang Chunjie Zhang Yangyu | Italy Manuel Berettera Tommaso Brugnami Riccardo Villa Lorenzo Tomei | |
# InnovationXchange

The InnovationXchange, also known as IXC UK, is a Lincoln, UK-based open innovation services and consulting provider, whose purpose is to identify and create collaborative business, research and policy opportunities.

## History

The InnovationXchange was founded in 2003, with a business model based on the works of John Wolpert (formerly of IBM's Alpha Works and Extreme Blue) and Henry Chesbrough.
Originally known as the Australian Industry InnovationXchange Network, its aim was to provide an open network for improved communication across industry, government, universities and the community.
In 2004 the InnovationXchange (IXC) undertook a pilot with John Wolpert to test the concept of using 'trusted intermediaries' i.e. facilitating confidential exchange of sensitive information.
The pilot demonstrated that often organisations do not understand why external parties might value their capabilities. Further, they may not have assessed their capabilities and/or considered partnerships. This pilot was supported by the Commonwealth and Victorian governments.
This pilot was deemed a success and in 2006, the University of Birmingham licensed the InnovationXchange model in the UK.
As a publicly available example of the services IXC provide (as most work is highly confidential), in 2010 the company 'matched' Jaguar Land Rover with Bladon Jets, innovators of micro gas turbines.
In 2018 the company had a change of ownership and the business moved its head-office location from Birmingham to Lincoln.

## Operation

The IXC "trusted intermediary" model operated via a legal and ethical framework to enable organisations to connect with external sources of knowledge, ideas or technologies, or markets for business development, whilst protecting their Intellectual Property (IP). In practice this entailed an IXC Intermediary being embedded into an organisation and acting as both an internal and external innovation connector. Internally, the intermediary provided advice and guidance on structure and process development, helped connect sources of information and facilitated the sharing of knowledge. Externally, the intermediary identified potential solutions (technologies, materials etc.) and partners to address internally identified needs. This model operated in the UK until approximately 2017. Alongside the Intermediary service IXC developed a broad range of innovation services including technology scouting, horizon scanning, training, and partner searching which continue to be provided.
Subsequent to the 2018 change of ownership the focus of operations shifted with the decision to develop a digital platform. The Flo.How platform, launched in 2021, provides innovation tools and guidance for SME businesses and business advisers which engage with such businesses. This is a significant diversification from the original business model.
# Ludus

Ludus may refer to:
* Ludus (ancient Rome) (plural ludi), several meanings around "play, game, sport, training"
** Ludi, public games held for the benefit and entertainment of the Roman people
* Luduș, a town in Transylvania, Romania
* Ludus Magnus and other gladiatorial training schools
* Ludus (love), a type of love/sex in the color wheel theory of love
* Ludus (band), a British post-punk band 1978–1983
* "Ludus", one of two movements in Tabula Rasa (Pärt), a 1977 musical composition by the Estonian composer Arvo Pärt