OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Digene

Digene Corporation was a molecular diagnostics company with company headquarters in Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S. Floyd Taub, M.D, founded the company in 1984 and it was incorporated in 1985. He established identifying specific types of human papillomavirus as the companies chief project in 1986. He guided the company through development of unique methods to do this and Digene's acquisition of the Molecular Diagnostics division of Life Technologies.
In 1988, this group had created the first diagnostic test for human papillomavirus, and gained FDA approval for this test requiring radioactive reagents.The test was named ViraPap. Life Technologies, had been formed by the merger of GIBCO and Bethesda Research Laboratories in 1983. Clinical uptake of ViraPap was slow, and Life sold the test and associated intellectual property to Digene in 1990, soon after Digene was acquired by the Whitehead group. Digene's history in non-radioactive detection methods allowed it to modify the test to not require radioactive materials. This modified hybrid capture HPV test became Digene's most important product line.
In 2007, Qiagen bought the company for US$1.6 billion.
# Dink, West Virginia

Dink is an unincorporated community in Clay County, West Virginia, United States. Its post office is closed.
# Dink (nickname)

As a nickname, Dink may refer to:
* Dink Carroll (1899–1991), Canadian sports journalist
* Dink Johnson (1892–1954), American Dixieland jazz pianist, clarinetist and drummer
* Dink Mothell (1897–1980), American baseball player in the Negro leagues
* Dink O'Brien (1894–1971), American Major League Baseball player in the 1923 season
* Dink Roberts (1894–1989), American old-time banjo player
* Dink Shannon, early 20th century American cartoonist
* Dink Templeton (1897–1962), American track and field athlete and coach
* Dink Trout (1898–1950), American actor and radio personality
* Dink Widenhouse (born 1932), retired NASCAR Grand National Series driver
# Digestive Diseases and Sciences

Digestive Diseases and Sciences, formerly known as the American Journal of Digestive Diseases, is a monthly peer-reviewed journal focusing on gastroenterology and hepatology. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and the editor-in-chief is Jonathan Kaunitz (David Geffen School of Medicine). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.487 (2021) and a 5-year impact factor of 3.522.
# Osmotherley

Osmotherley may refer to:
* Osmotherley, North Yorkshire, an English village and civil parish
* Osmotherley, Cumbria, an English civil parish
# Floy Joy (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B+ |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Floy Joy is the twenty-fifth studio album released by The Supremes on the Motown label. This was the only Supremes album solely produced and arranged by Smokey Robinson and included the U.S. top 20 hit, "Floy Joy" and the U.S. top 40 hit, "Automatically Sunshine", both of which were top 10 hits in the U.K.

## Overview

The "Floy Joy" single was the Supremes' final Top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching as high as #9 in the UK. Its follow-ups, "Automatically Sunshine" and "Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love" were not as successful, with "Automatically Sunshine" peaking at 37 on the Billboard Hot 100, 21 on the Top Soul Singles and being the group's final Top 10 hit in the U.K. (#10, the fifth in little over two years for the post-Ross line-up), and "Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love" peaking at 59 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 21 on the Top Soul Singles, and missing the UK Charts altogether.

## Track listing
### Side one

Superscripts denote lead singers for each track: (a) Jean Terrell, (b) Mary Wilson, (c) Cindy Birdsong.
* "Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love" (Smokey Robinson)$^a$
* "Floy Joy" (Robinson)$^{a,b}$
* "A Heart Like Mine" (Robinson, Ronald White)$^b$
* "Over and Over" (Robinson)$^a$
* "Precious Little Things" (Robinson, Marvin Tarplin, Pam Moffett)$^a$

### Side two

* "Now the Bitter, Now the Sweet" (Robinson, Cecil Franklin)$^{a,b,c}$
* "Automatically Sunshine" (Robinson)$^{a,b}$
* "The Wisdom of Time" (Robinson, Moffett, Clifford Burston)$^{a,c}$
* "Oh Be My Love" (Robinson, Warren Moore)$^a$

## Personnel

* Jean Terrell, Mary Wilson, & Cindy Birdsong - lead vocals and background vocals
* The Andantes (Louvain Demps, Jackie Hicks, Marlene Barrow) - additional background vocals
* William "Smokey" Robinson - producer
* Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers:
** Jack Ashford, Jack Brokensha, & Eddie "Bongo" Brown - percussion
** Dennis Coffey, Robert White, Eddie Willis, & Marvin Tarplin - guitars
** Johnny Griffith & Earl Van Dyke - piano, keyboards
** James Jamerson - bass
** Zachary Slater & Andrew Smith - drums
* Berry Gordy - executive producer
* Paul Riser - arranger
* Jim Britt - photography
# Rhopalovalva lascivana

Rhopalovalva lascivana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Guizhou), Korea, Japan and the Russian Far East.
The wingspan is 15–18 mm.
The larvae feed on Quercus mongolica.
# Flatlands Dutch Reformed Church

Flatlands Dutch Reformed Church, also known as Flatlands Reformed Church, is a historic Dutch Reformed church at Kings Highway and East 40th Street in the Flatlands neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. The complex consists of the church, administration building, and cemetery. The congregation was founded in 1654. The church was built in 1848 in the Greek Revival style. The Greek Revival administration building was constructed in 1904; it was enlarged in the 1920s. The cemetery contains about 1,500 burials dating to 1660.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
# Lotus (bicycles)

Lotus was a brand of bicycles designed, specified, marketed and distributed by Lotus International Corp. of Syosset, New York, which had been founded by Sid and Ernst Star. The bikes were offered as a complete range, from entry level to professional models, and were manufactured by Tsunoda Bicycle Corporation of Nagoya, Japan, and subsequently by other manufacturers — including a group of mid-1980s high end models manufactured in Italy, in conjunction with Cinelli.
Lotus International marketed its bikes using an abstraction of the Lotus flower as its logo.
During the U.S. bike boom of the 1970s and into the 1980s, Lotus and Alpha Cycle & Supply competed with domestic companies including Schwinn, TREK, Huffy, and Murray; European companies including Raleigh, Peugeot and Motobecane – as well as other nascent Japanese brands including Miyata, Fuji, Bridgestone, Panasonic, Univega, Centurion and Nishiki. Japanese-manufactured bikes succeeded in the U.S. market until currency fluctuations in the late 1980s made them less competitive, leading companies to source bicycles from Taiwan.

## Lotus International

Prior to 1980, Sidney (Sid) Star had marketed Windsor bicycles in the US through his company, Alpha Cycle & Supply Corp., modifying Windsor's designs to be competitive in the US market. His son, Ernst Star left a university job in 1980 to join with his father and start a new brand, manufactured in Japan — creating and registering the Lotus brand at that time, and turning to Tsunoda of Japan for manufacturing. Together they subsequently formed Lotus International Corp. to handle Lotus bicycles exclusively, dropping Windsor bicycles.
Windsor cycles, which had been manufactured by Acer Mex, had been successful for Alpha — but had required quality control attention due to the reorganization of the factory in Mexico City. Both Windsor and Lotus cycles received the top ratings in the Consumer Reports, November 1985 issue.
Lotus International depended heavily on outside financing to fund its growth and when its bank unexpectedly changed hands and interrupted financing, the company was nearly forced into bankruptcy. A breach of contract suit followed with an undisclosed settlement. There was still a demand for Lotus bicycles, and the company was forced to deal with an assortment of third-party distributors for financial services.
After Sid Star's death in 1990, Ernst Star, who had assumed primary management of Lotus International, dissolved the company, subsequently forming International Licensing & Design Corp. (ILD) — retaining the Lotus brand. Ernst continued to work as a consultant for the design and marketing of Lotus and acquired several licensees during the 1990s — including a company which marketed Lotus bicycles in China, Sears and Walmart in the US, and Group Lotus (Lotus Cars) in the UK. ILD still exists but is no longer involved with Lotus — having sold the mark to Group Lotus prior to 2000. In 2000 Ernst Star returned to academia, becoming a professor at Hofstra University in New York).
# Malamas

Malamas is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ilias Malamas (born 1966), Greek swimmer
* Sokratis Malamas (born 1957), Greek singer and songwriter
# Dreaming in Color

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Dreaming in Color is the fifth studio album by Christian pop group Jump5, released on Sparrow Records on September 21, 2004. It is the first release from the group as a quartet after the departure of Libby Hodges. Singles from the album included "Dance with Me" and "It's a Beautiful World". The album charted at #15 on Billboard's Top Christian Albums chart. I've Got the Music in Me is a cover of a song by The Kiki Dee Band from the album that has the same name of the song.
# Ducal Palace of Guastalla

The Ducal Palace of Guastalla (Palazzo Ducale di Guastalla or Palazzo Gonzaga di Guastalla) is an urban Renaissance-style palace in the town of Guastalla, a municipality in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
It was built on the site of a 15th-century palazzo of the Conti Torelli family, and rebuilt in the next century by Francesco Capriana (Francesco da Volterra), under commission to the Count of Guastalla, Cesare I Gonzaga. Neglected for years, it is currently a museum of the city. It contains art works from antique Roman cemeteries, paintings from deconsecrated chapels and oratories, as well as an exhibit of the modern watercolor painters Mario Bolzoni.
# Liga Femeilor Române

Liga Femeilor Române (The Romanian Women's League, The League of the Romanian Women, or only Women's League) was a Romanian organisation for women's rights, founded in 1894. It was the first nationwide women's rights organisation in Romania.
It was founded by Cornelia Emilian, Eugenia de Reuss Ianculescu and Sofia Nădejde. Its origin lay in the local women's organisation Reuniunea Femeilor Romane in Iași. While there had been local women's organisations in Romania before, this was the first long term and national women's organisation with written statues and a firm organisation, and the starting point of an organized women's movement in Romania. Its purpose was to work for women's elevation from legal incompetence and minority to a level of political, economic and educational elevation in society, and refuted the idea that men and women where to have different roles in society. It published Buletinul Ligii femeilor ('The Bulletin of the Women's League'). In 1896, it petitioned the parliament in the issue of paternity rights and women's right to manage their own property.
It was followed by the suffrage organisation Asoiatat Drepturile Femeii in 1911 (renamed Liga Drepturile si Datoriile Femeii (League for Women's Rights and Duties) in 1913–1938). It was a member of the International Alliance of Women.
# Digestive rate model

The digestive rate model (DRM) (of foraging) is related to optimal foraging theory in that the model describes the diet selection that animals should perform in order to maximize the energy (or nutrients) available to them. It differs from the main body of Optimal Foraging Theory in stating that animals can select food in order to make optimal use of their digestive tract (maximize digestion rate) rather than the maximization of the food ingestion rate, which is the base of Optimal foraging theory.
The basic tenet of the DRM is that the intake of energy by an animal passes through two consecutive processes, food ingestion or foraging, and food digestion. Optimal foraging theory describes the diet selection if the food ingestion rate is the limiting factor. The DRM describes diet selection and foraging behavior if digestion is the rate limiting process. Food can consist of varying fractions of largely indigestible parts such as fibre in plant material, shells of molluscs or insect chitin, which can be thought of as 'rate limiting' for the digestion process or somewhat more intuitively as 'bulk' that takes up capacity that can be spent better for material with a higher digestibility.
The original description of the model positioned the DRM as an alternative to the contingency model (CM) of optimal foraging and pointed out that some of the predictions of the DRM provide a better match than did the CM with observed diet choice and behavior of e.g. herbivores. The DRM went largely unnoticed, but a recent paper by Van Gils describes how red knots Calidris canutus forage based on digestive bottlenecks and confirmed their foraging according to the DRM rather than the CM model of optimal foraging. The case is particularly interesting as a major difference in individual foraging behavior is related to a large intraspecific difference in the digestive tract of the knots.
# Drepanophorella

Drepanophorella is a genus of nemerteans belonging to the monotypic family Drepanophorellidae.
Species:
* Drepanophorella lifuensis Punnett, 1900
* Drepanophorella pajungae Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1936
* Drepanophorella rosea Punnett, 1903
* Drepanophorella sebae Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1936
* Drepanophorella tasmani Wheeler, 1940
* Drepanophorella waingapuensis Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1936
# Legae

The Legae (Latin legae Greek Λῆγαι) were a people on the shores of the Caspian Sea that mythology places between Albania and the country of the Amazons, Scythian roots. The name survives today in the village of the Lezgins, who live in southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan.
Strabo referring to Theophanes of Mytilene, Pompey's companion in his Caucasian campaign (1st century BC), that "between the Amazons and Albanians live the Gelae and Legae - the Scythians"
Ptolemy in Geography (Book VI) identifies the Cadusii and Legae, and places the Gelae to the north. Comparing all the fragments that have come down, Kai Brodersen suggests that in Pliny's text the word "legae" could have disappeared when copied. That is, the original fragment was read as gelae, legae - which the Greeks called Cadusii.
Peter Uslar identifies ancient leks with modern Lezgins: “Lezgins, leagues, leks gave their name to the mountain range separating the Kura basin from the Rion basin. Colchis was sometimes even called by poets Ligistika, that is, the country of leagues. It is very likely that the leagues that Herodotus speaks of were Lezgi people ”. According to the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, published in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, varnishes (that is, the Laks) are “classic legi (Λήγες), at the end of the 8th century. They were conquered by the Arab commander Abumuslim, who established Islam among them and gave their country to be ruled by one of the descendants of the prophet, Shah-Baal, who received the title of shamkhal and wali (that is, governor) of Dagestan ”.
# Legahida

Legahida (Amharic: ለገሂዳ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Wollo Zone, Legahida is bordered on the south by Jama, on the west by Kelala, on the north by Legambo, and on the east by Were Ilu. Legahida was separated from Were Ilu.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 67,138, of whom 33,222 are men and 33,916 women, 2,064 or 3.07% are urban inhabitants. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 90.53% reporting that as their religion, while 9.29% of the population said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.
# Lego Pompeii

LEGO Pompeii is notable for being among the largest of all Lego historical models. Lego Pompeii was developed by Ryan McNaught of Melbourne, Australia, a notable Lego artist known as "The Brickman."

## Background

The LEGO Pompeii exhibition (as it is also known) is currently on display at the Chau Chak Wing Museum, which is located opposite the Quadrangle in the University of Sydney, where it was moved after the closure of the Nicholson Museum in February 2020. The exhibition was commissioned by the Nicholson Museum and opened on 10 January 2015. The historical model is used to commemorate three historical moments in the history of Pompeii. Firstly, it commemorates the moment in 79AD when the volcano Mount Vesuvius erupted. Secondly, it commemorates the period when it was discovered again during the 1700s. It is also a stylised representation of what Pompeii looks like today. The display also depicts excavation sites that have occurred in Pompeii, as well as archaeologists including Fiorelli, Spinazzola and Maiuri.

## Construction

The material of construction of Lego Pompeii contributes to its notability. Though tied to "classical antiquity," this stylised representation of the ruined city of Pompeii is a product of modernity. The Nicholson Museum, the oldest university museum in Australia, boasts is reported to be "home to the largest collection of antiquities in the Southern Hemisphere." The Lego Pompeii installation, constructed from plastic, a synthetic material of the modern age, therefore stands in contradistinction to the other artefacts, all antiquities in the Museum.
In the LEGO Pompeii display, developer Ryan McNaught mixes both fact and fiction. For example, he uses several popular culture references in his model. An example of this is one section of the display in which we can see the band Pink Floyd performing at the Amphitheatre. Another example is a depiction of Mozart playing the piano in the Temple of Isis.

## Other LEGO Historical Models

Other historical models developed by McNaught from LEGO blocks include "The Colosseum" and "LEGO Acropolis." The LEGO Colusseum, the largest of McNaught's historical models, consists of 200,000 LEGO blocks and the Colosseum represented in cross-section, showing half of its present-day "ruined form." It also includes a "backstage" which depicts the holding area for condemned prisoners, ferocious animals and gladiators comprising 60,000 blocks. The University of Sydney's Nicholson Museum sponsored the launch of the LEGO Colosseum in its Quadrangle in July 2012, and was then on exhibition at the Powerhouse Museum until July 30, 2012. The University of Sydney also commissioned LEGO Acropolis, which took McNaught 300 hours to build. The exhibit consisted of 120,000 LEGO bricks and the university donated to the representation of the Acropolis to the Acropolis Museum.
# Leon Schlumpf

Leon Schlumpf (3 February 1925 – 7 July 2012) was a Swiss politician and a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1979–1987).
Schlumpf was born in Felsberg. He was elected to the Federal Council on 5 December 1979 as a member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP) from the Canton of Graubünden (Grisons). He subsequently handed over office on 31 December 1987.
During his time in office, he held the Federal Department of Transport, Communications and Energy and was President of the Confederation in 1984.
Schlumpf died on 7 July 2012 in Chur, aged 87. He was the father of Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, member of the cantonal government of Graubünden (Grisons), who was herself elected to the Federal Council on 12 December 2007.
# Drift-field transistor

The drift-field transistor, also called the drift transistor or graded base transistor, is a type of high-speed bipolar junction transistor having a doping-engineered electric field in the base to reduce the charge carrier base transit time.
Invented by Herbert Kroemer at the Central Bureau of Telecommunications Technology of the German Postal Service, in 1953, it continues to influence the design of modern high-speed bipolar junction transistors.
Early drift transistors were made by diffusing the base dopant in a way that caused a higher doping concentration near the emitter reducing towards the collector.$^{:307}$
This graded base happens automatically with the double diffused planar transistor (so they aren't usually called drift transistors).$^{:469}$

## Similar high speed transistors

Another way to speed the base transit time of this type of transistor is to vary the band gap across the base, e.g. in the SiGe [epitaxial base] BJT the base of Si$_{1−η}$Ge$_η$ can be grown with η approx 0.2 by the collector and reducing to 0 near the emitter (keeping the dopant concentration constant).$^{:307}$

## Applications

Germanium diffused junction transistors were used by IBM in their Saturated Drift Transistor Resistor Logic (SDTRL), used in the IBM 1620. (Announced Oct 1959)
# Leland Francis Norton

Leland Francis Norton (March 12, 1921 in San Bernardino, California – May 27, 1944 in France) was a captain in the US Army Air Forces who died heroically during a bombing mission in World War II in Europe.

## Biography

Norton was born March 12, 1921, in San Bernardino, California. His parents were Thomas F Norton and Vernice Katherine Hopkins. Norton attended Elliott Elementary School, Arrowview Junior High School, and San Bernardino High School. Norton then attended San Bernardino Valley College.
In the fall of 1941, Norton dropped out of college and joined the Royal Canadian Air Force. In March 1942, Norton transferred to the US Army Air Force. He was sent first to Maine, and then to Greenland, where he participated in rescue work. He applied for combat, and was trained during the summer of 1943. By 1944, Norton was Deputy Commander of the 640th Bombardment Squadron in the United Kingdom.
On May 27, 1944, while attacking a German marshaling yard on his 16th combat mission, Norton's A-20 Havoc bomber was struck by antiaircraft fire. Norton ordered his crew to bail out of the aircraft, but he stayed at the controls to ensure their safe evacuation. Norton died during the plane crash near Amiens, France. According to one source, Norton did parachute out of the bomber, but was killed by the exploding bombs when the plane crashed.

## Aftermath

For his heroic actions, Norton was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC), the highest Army Air Force Award, for "self sacrificing regard for the safety of his crew and fellow men bringing great distinction on himself and the Army Air Forces." Norton was also awarded a Purple Heart
In 1950, San Bernardino Air Force Base was renamed Norton Air Force Base in Norton's honor. His portrait hung in the Officers' Club until the base closure in 1994.
Norton was originally buried outside France in the US Military cemetery, but in 1952 his parents went to France and brought him home. He is buried in Mt View Cemetery in San Bernardino, California / PLOT: Lawn K- 709-213
Stater Bros., a supermarket company in Southern California, presents the Leland F. Norton award each year to a local resident in honor of Norton.
In 2011, the San Bernardino City United School District broke ground on Norton Elementary School