OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elena Guseva

Elena Guseva is a Russian operatic soprano who has performed at major opera houses in Europe. Besides standard repertoire such as Verdi's Aida and Puccini's Mimi, she has focused on roles by Russian composers, such as Tchaikovsky's Lisa and Prokofiev's Polina, a role she performed when Der Spieler (The Gambler) was first performed at the Vienna State Opera.

## Career

Guseva was born in Kurgan, southwest Siberia. She was exposed to music when her mother took her along to choir rehearsals at age three. She first studied choral conducting at the Kurgan Conservatory until 2006, and then voice at the Moscow Conservatory with Galina Pisarenko, where she graduated with excellence in 2011.
Beginning in 2009, she has performed regularly at the Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko Theatre in Moscow, in roles such as Puccini's Mimì in La bohème and the title role of Madama Butterfly, Tatjana in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, Leonora in Verdi's La forza del destino, Elvira in Mozart's Don Giovanni, Micaela in Bizet's Carmen, Antonia in Offenbach's Les contes d'Hoffmann, Emma in Mussorgsky's Khovanshchina and Natasha in Prokofiev's War and Peace. She appeared as a guest at the Staatstheater Saarbrücken as Jaroslawna in Borodin's Prince Igor and the Deutsche Oper Berlin as Mimi. She appeared at the Théâtre du Capitole in Toulouse as Gerhilde in Wagner's Die Walküre, at the Theater Basel as Polina in Prokofiev's Der Spieler, the Hamburg State Opera and Opéra National de Lyon, adding roles such as Verdi's Aida and Desdemona, and Puccini's Tosca to her repertoire. She performed at international festivals, as Lisa in Tchaikovsky's Pique Dame at the Savonlinna Opera Festival, and as Nastasja in Tchaikovsky's Die Zauberin at the Festival Vie et Destins in Lyon.
In 2017, Guseva performed as Polina in the first production of Prokofiev's Der Spieler at the Vienna State Opera. On the occasion, she was interviewed and said that having trained as a choral conductor "helped her extremely" to analyse its score. She noted that Dostojevsky, who wrote the novel on which the opera is based, gave the character of Polina many aspects but ultimately left her relationship to the Marquis open, with room for interpretation. She returned to Vienna as Madame Butterfly, Aida, Desdemona and Tatjana.
Guseva appeared at the Bavarian State Opera in the 2020/21 season as Liù in Puccini's Turandot and as Marietta in Korngold's Die tote Stadt alongside Klaus Florian Vogt. A reviewer noted her intense timbre and "beautifully dark blazing passion" ("schön dunkel lodernde Leidenschaft").

## Awards

Source:
* Silver Voice, All-Russian Competition of Young Singers (2nd prize, 2004)
* Ningbo Vocal Competition in China (4th prize, 2008)
* Seventh Elena Obraztsova International Competition of Young Opera Singers (1st prize, 2009)
* Savonlinna International Singing Competition in Finland (3rd prize, 2010)
* International Singing Competition Francisco Viňas (3rd prize, 2011)
* XIV Tchaikovsky Competition (3rd prize, 2011 and webcast audience choice).
# Electronic persons

Electronic persons is a term first proposed by the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs in a draft report on civil law rules on robotics dated May 31, 2016. The term is used to describe the potential legal status of the most sophisticated autonomous robots so that they may have "specific rights and obligations, including that of making good any damage they may cause, and applying electronic personality to cases where robots make smart autonomous decisions or otherwise interact with third parties independently".
# Electric blue kande

The electric blue kande (Sciaenochromis psammophilus) is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Malawi where it prefers waters with a sandy substrate at depths of from 5 to 30 metres (16 to 98 ft). It can reach a length of 11.6 centimetres (4.6 in) SL.
# Electrostatic spray-assisted vapour deposition

Electrostatic spray-assisted vapour deposition (ESAVD) is a technique (developed by a company called IMPT) to deposit both thin and thick layers of a coating onto various substrates. In simple terms chemical precursors are sprayed across an electrostatic field towards a heated substrate, the chemicals undergo a controlled chemical reaction and are deposited on the substrate as the required coating. Electrostatic spraying techniques were developed in the 1950s for the spraying of ionised particles on to charged or heated substrates.
ESAVD (branded by IMPT as Layatec) is used for many applications in many markets including:
* Thermal barrier coatings for jet engine turbine blades
* Various thin layers in the manufacture of flat panel displays and photovoltaic panels, CIGS and CZTS-based thin-film solar cells.
* Electronic components
* Biomedical coatings
* Glass coatings (such as self-cleaning)
* Corrosion protection coatings
The process has advantages over other techniques for layer deposition (plasma, electron-beam) in that it does not require the use of any vacuum, electron beam or plasma so reduces the manufacturing costs. It also uses less power and raw materials making it more environmentally friendly. Also the use of the electrostatic field means that the process can coat complex 3D parts easily.
# Electrostriction

In electromagnetism, electrostriction is a property of all electrical non-conductor or dielectrics. Electrostriction causes these materials to change their shape under the application of an electric field.$^{:662}$ It is the dual property to magnetostriction.

## Explanation

Electrostriction is a property of all dielectric materials, and is caused by displacement of ions in the crystal lattice upon being exposed to an external electric field. The cause of electrostrictive is linked to anharmonic effects. Positive ions will be displaced in the direction of the field, while negative ions will be displaced in the opposite direction. This displacement will accumulate throughout the bulk material and result in an overall strain (elongation) in the direction of the field. The thickness will be reduced in the orthogonal directions characterized by Poisson's ratio. All insulating materials consisting of more than one type of atom will be ionic to some extent due to the difference of electronegativity of the atoms, and therefore exhibit electrostriction.
The resulting strain (ratio of deformation to the original dimension) is proportional to the square of the polarization. Reversal of the electric field does not reverse the direction of the deformation.$^{:664}$
More formally, the electrostriction coefficient is a rank four tensor ($Q_{ijkl}$), relating the rank two strain tensor ($\varepsilon _{ij}$) and the electric polarization density vector (i.e. rank one tensor; $P_{k}$)
    $\varepsilon _{ij}=Q_{ijkl}P_{k}P_{l}.$
The electrostrictive tensor satisfies$^{:666}$
    $Q_{ijkl}={\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}\varepsilon _{ij}}{\partial P_{k}\partial P_{l}}}.$
The related piezoelectric effect occurs only in a particular class of dielectrics. Electrostriction applies to all crystal symmetries, while the piezoelectric effect only applies to the 20 piezoelectric point groups. Piezoelectricity is a result of electrostrictive in ferroelectric materials. Electrostriction is a quadratic effect, unlike piezoelectricity, which is a linear effect.$^{:665}$

## Materials

Although all dielectrics exhibit some electrostriction, certain engineered ceramics, known as relaxor ferroelectrics, have extraordinarily high electrostrictive constants. The most commonly used are
* lead magnesium niobate (PMN)
* lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT)
* lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT)

## Magnitude of effect

Electrostriction can produce a strain on the order of 0.1% for some materials.$^{:662}$ This occurs at a field strength of 2 million volts per meter (2 MV/m) for the material PMN-15. Electrostriction exists in all materials, but is generally negligible.$^{:662}$

## Applications

* Sonar projectors for submarines and surface vessels
* Actuators for small displacements
* Sensors, provided a bias electric field or pre-stress is present.
# Elgin (name)

Elgin is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

## Surname

* Catherine Elgin (born 1948), American philosopher
* Duane Elgin (born 1943), American author, speaker, educator, consultant, and media activist
* Dwayne Elgin (born 1976), Guyanese-born Sint Maartener cricketer
* Michael Elgin (born 1986), professional wrestler
* Michail Elgin (born 1981), Russian tennis player
* Mike Elgin (born 1983), offensive guard for the New England Patriots
* Neriman Elgin (1921–1994), Turkish female politician
* Sarah Elgin, American biochemist and geneticist
* Suzette Haden Elgin (1936–2015), science fiction author and linguist

## Given name
### First name

* Elgin Baylor (1934–2021), American basketball player, coach and executive
* Elgin Cook (born 1993), American basketball player
* Elgin Davis (born 1965), American football player
* Elgin Gates (1933–1988), American hunter and firearms technician
* Elgin James, American filmmaker and musician
* Elgin Lessley (1883–1944), American cinematographer
* Elgin Rogers Jr., American politician

### Middle name

* Horace Elgin Dodge (1868–1920), American businessman
# Elegant honeyeater

The elegant honeyeater (Microptilotis cinereifrons) is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is native to the Bird's Tail Peninsula (Papua New Guinea). Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
# Elizabeth A. Platz

Elizabeth A. Platz is an American cancer epidemiologist. As a professor at Johns Hopkins University, Platz was appointed editor-in-chief of the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention and elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

## Early life and education

Platz completed her Master's degree in public health from Yale School of Public Health and her Doctor of Science from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

## Career

Following her ScD, Platz joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins University as an assistant professor in the Department of Epidemiology in 1999. While serving in this role, she started the Hormones in Umbilical Cord Blood Study (HUB) to evaluate whether umbilical cord blood hormone and growth factor concentrations differ by race. Platz also co-led a 10-year study of more than 30,000 health professionals that found the longer men take cholesterol-lowering drugs, the far less likely they were to develop advanced prostate cancer. In 2008, Platz was appointed co-director of the Cancer Prevention and Control Program at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.
In 2010, Platz was promoted to the rank of full professor and was selected as the inaugural Abeloff Scholar to support her study into the causes and risk factors of cancer. In 2019, Platz was appointed editor-in-chief of the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, one of eight journals published by the American Association for Cancer Research. She was also elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
# Elin Lauritzen

Elin Maria Lauritzen (born 11 July 1916 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; died 17 September 2006) was for many years one of Sweden's foremost family law attorneys.
She was a member of the Board of Directors of the Pension Board in 1944 as well as Deputy Attorney at the lawyers Mathilda Staël von Holstein, Valborg Lundgren and Eva Andén 1945–1953. She became a member of the Swedish Bar Association in 1949.
# Elena Mirò

Elena Mirò is an Italian fashion brand with international distribution.
The Elena Mirò brand originated in 1985 "within the Alba, Piedmont-based clothing company Vestebene (now Miroglio Fashion)." The brand was born to wear women "with fuller figures who wear shapely sizes". Among its featured models were Jennie Runk, Crystal Renn, and Lizzie Miller.
In recent years, Elena Mirò has extended the range of sizes from 42 to 58 (Italian sizes).The brand today is recognized for the quality, for the Italian design and for the fit of its garments. The brand has made inclusivity towards women a real mission. This is why it has always carried out projects dedicated to women's empowerment, to help build a world that is desirable and sustainable for all.

## Distribution

Elena Mirò is distributed internationally through more than 160 single-brand stores and corners in the most important Italian and European locations, 800 multi-brand customers (600 in Italy). It has active e-commerce in 14 countries, and 6 marketplaces.

## History

* 1985 Elena Mirò was born in Alba, in the heart of the Langhe, in Italy
* 1997 The brand's presence in Italy is consolidated and international development begins with the opening of the first store in Paris
* 1999 The brand develops its presence in the Iberian Peninsula
* 2005 Elena Mirò shows for the first time at "Milano Collezioni"
* 2016-2019 Collaboration with Vanessa Incontrada as testimonial of the brand
* 2020 New logo
* 2021 Repositioning of the Brand towards size extension. Collaboration with Alessandro Dell'Acqua for the Fall Winter Collection
* 2021 Opening of the Flagship store in Via Dante, in Milan
* 2022 Capsule Collection with Korean designer Lisa Von Tang for Spring Summer 2022
# Elena Lomakin

Elena Lomakin is a contemporary Russian-American artist. Her main body of work and paintings is influenced by nature and is considered abstract expressionism.
Lomakin was born and raised in Moscow, Russia. She earned her B.A. and M.F.A. degrees in Art History from Moscow's Lomonosov University, attending from 1984 to 1989, while studying courses in the applied arts of painting and composition. She then travelled to the US at the age of 23 and settled down in San Francisco studying art at the San Francisco Art Institute for two years. In 2001, she travelled in Europe, returning to California in 2004.

## Career

Lomakin lives and works as a full-time artist in San Diego. She has been exhibiting since 1992 and has been featured in exhibitions including the San Diego Art Institute's Museum of the Living Artist Regional Exhibitions and One Foot Exhibitions. Her works have appeared in San Francisco, New York City, Chicago, New Haven, San Diego, as well as in Germany, Russia, Japan, and New Zealand.
She has been recognized by the San Diego Watercolor Society, Best in Show Award; the San Diego Art Institute Regional Exhibition & One Foot Exhibitions; the 7th National Juried Exhibition, Ceres Gallery, New York City juried by Cora Rosevear, Associate Curator, Department of Painting and Sculpture for the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.

## Influence

Lomakin's work is inspired by nature. It is a theme of her paintings, collages, and art installations. She also demonstrates the value of simplicity in her work, believing that art "can be both empty of meaning and a pleasure to look at”.
   It calls to mind growing up in Moscow. I can remember a huge park with birch trees. A Russian forest? Not the darkness of what was once the Soviet mindset, but the counterpoint of the birch grove. Light, slender, inviting and simply beautiful. Especially in the early spring, when there were still no leaves, and yet the trunks were able to embrace all the subtleties and nuances of the colors around, and sometimes seemed pink or even red, reflecting the descending sun.
In 2020 she was one of the artists who took part Millennium Alliance for Humanity and the Biosphere exhibition What’s Next for Earth.
# Elmar Leppik

Elmar Emil Leppik, earlier Lepik (1898–1978) was an Estonian mycologist and theoretical biologist. He established a mycological herbarium and library at the University of Tartu. His birth date in 1898 has been given variously as 3 or 4 October or as 3 December, he died 4 November 1978 in Maryland.
Leppik, the son of a farmer, was born in Jõgeva Parish, a rural municipality of Estonia north of Tartu. During his student years, he was interested in both mycology and algology. Following graduation, Leppik was a fellow at the Rockefeller Foundation and later the University of Tartu. Among his instructors were the prominent mycologists Eduard Fischer and Ernst Albert Gäumann. He earned his PhD in 1928 in Zürich before returning to Estonia to work at University of Tartu. There, he was employed first as Acting Assistant Professor (1929–1931), then Assistant Professor (1931–1938), Professor Extraordinary (1938–1942), and finally Professor (1942–1944). Between 1932 and 1940 he edited and distributed the exsiccata work Fungi Estonici exsiccati.
In 1950 he moved to the United States, where he taught for the first seven years at the Augustana University in South Dakota and worked as a research scientist at the Hormel Institute at the University of Minnesota. In 1964 he moved to Beltsville, Maryland, where he would stay for the rest of his life. His interests during this time shifted towards the phylogeny of flowering plants and fungi, evolutionary classification of flower species, plant coevolution, insect pollination, and bee biology.

## Important publications

* Lepik E. 1941. Einige Fragmente aus der geschichtlichen Entwicklung der ostbaltischen Pilzflora. Tartu R. Ülikooli juures oleva Loodusuurijate Seltsi aruanded (Annales societatis rebus naturae investigandis in Universitate Tartuensi constitutae) 47(1/2): 81–145.
* Leppik E. 1955. Some viewpoints on the origin and evolution of flowering plants. Acta Biotheoretica 9(2): 45–56.
* Leppik E. 1956. The form and function of numerical patterns in flowers. American Journal of Botany 43: 445–455.
* Leppik, E. E. 1957. Hologeny, a complementary concept of phylogeny. Annales Societatis Tartuensis ad Res Naturae Investigandas Constitutae (series nova in excilio condita) 1: 41–51.
* Leppik E. 1970. Phylogeny, hologeny and coenogeny, basic concepts of environmental biology. Acta Biotheoretica 23(3-4): 170–193.
# Elmer FEM solver

Elmer is a computational tool for multi-physics problems. It has been developed by CSC in collaboration with Finnish universities, research laboratories and industry. Elmer FEM solver is free and open-source software, subject to the requirements of the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2 or any later.
Elmer includes physical models of fluid dynamics, structural mechanics, electromagnetics, heat transfer and acoustics, for example. These are described by partial differential equations which Elmer solves by the Finite Element Method (FEM).
Elmer comprises several different parts:
* ElmerGrid – A mesh conversion tool, which can be used to convert differing mesh formats into Elmer-suitable meshes.
* ElmerGUI – A graphical interface which can be used on an existing mesh to assign physical models, this generates a "case file" which describes the problem to be solved. Does not show the whole ElmerSolver functionality in GUI.
* ElmerSolver – The numerical solver which performs the finite element calculations, using the mesh and case files.
* ElmerPost – A post-processing/visualisation module. (Development stopped in favour of other post-processing tools such as ParaView, VisIt, etc.)
The different parts of Elmer software may be used independently. Whilst the main module is the ElmerSolver tool, which includes many sophisticated features for physical model solving, the additional components are required to create a full workflow. For pre- and post-processing other tools, such as Paraview can be used to visualise the output.
The software runs on Unix and Windows platforms and can be compiled on a large variety of compilers, using the CMake building tool. The solver can also be used in a multi-host parallel mode on platforms that support MPI. Elmer's parallelisation capability is one of the strongest sides of this solver.
# Elmer F. Jacobs

Elmer F. Jacobs (died 1945) was a Morgantown, West Virginia-based architect.
He graduated from West Virginia University worked under J. I. Beatty, one of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's, best known architects. He came to Morgantown in 1893 and set up business. He was the leading residential architect in Morgantown, building in both Queen Anne Revival and Neo-Classical Revival styles. He also built the post office building, a portion of the Seneca Glass Works, the additions to West Virginia University's Woodburn Hall, and several commercial buildings in downtown Morgantown. He was a member of the American Institute of Architects.
He died in 1945 in Morgantown, West Virginia.

## Selected works

* 1896: Dering Building, Morgantown, West Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
* 1898: Brown Building, Morgantown, West Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
* 1898: Judge Frank Cox House, Morgantown, West Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
* 1902: Seneca Glass Company Building, Morgantown, West Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
* Additions to the Rogers House, Morgantown, West Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
* Additions to Woodburn Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
* He also designed the Spruce Street United Methodist Church (1908) in the Downtown Morgantown Historic District.
# List of Latin freestyle musicians and songs

Latin freestyle is a form of American electronic dance music of electro-funk, post-disco, Italo disco, hip-hop origins, that is popular within Latino communities. This is a list of notable freestyle music groups, musicians, songs and albums.

## History
### 1980s

| Year | Artist(s) | Name | Label |
| 1983 | Shannon | "Let the Music Play" | Emergency (EMDS 6540) |
| 1983 | Stacy Lattisaw and Johnny Gill | "Block Party" | Cotillion (7 99725) |
| 1985 | Lisa Lisa & Cult Jam with Full Force | "Can You Feel the Beat" | Columbia (44-05295) |
| 1985 | Brenda K. Starr | "I Want Your Love" | Mirage |
| 1985 | Wish featuring Fonda Rae | "Touch Me (All Night Long)" | KN (KN 1001) |
| 1986 | Nu Shooz | "I Can't Wait" | Atlantic (0-86828R) |
| 1988 | Pebbles | "Mercedes Boy" | MCA (53279) |

### 1990s
## Examples of albums

| Year | Name | Artist(s) | Label |
| 1987 | Show Me | The Cover Girls | Fever Records |
| 1989 | We Can't Go Wrong | The Cover Girls | Capitol |
| 1989 | Love Story | Judy Torres | Profile |
| 1994 | Lovely | Jocelyn Enriquez | Classified |
| 1995 | Life Goes On | Lil Suzy | Metropolitan |
| 1997 | Te Sigo Esperando | Brenda K. Starr | Parcha |

### Compilations

| Year | Name | Artist(s) | Label |
| 1989 | Greatest Hits | Trinere | Pandisc |
| 1991 | The Best of Stevie B | Stevie B | LMR (Lefrak-Moelis Records) |
| 1995 | Freestyle Latin Dance Hits, Vol. 2 | Various Artists | K-Tel Distribution |
| 1997 | Freestyle Latin Dance Hits, Vol. 3 | Various Artists | Cold Front |
| 1999 | The Hits and More | George Lamond | Robbins Entertainment |

## Examples of musicians

* TKA (1980s–2000s)
* Trilogy (1980s–1990s)
* Nancy Martinez
* Sa-Fire (1980's-2000s)
* Denise Lopez
* Planet Patrol (1980s)
* Stevie B (1980s–2000s)
* Brenda K. Starr (1980s–2000s)
* The Cover Girls (1980s–2000s)
* Exposé (1980s–2000s)
* Lil Suzy (1990s)
* Johnny O. (1980s–2000s)
* Trinere (1980s–1990s)
* Jocelyn Enriquez (1990s–2000s)
* Lisa Lisa & Cult Jam(80s)
* K7 (1980s–2000s)
* Lisa Lisa(1980s–2000s)
* Sweet Sensation (1980s–1990s)
* George Lamond (1980s–2000s)
* Judy Torres (1980s–2000s)
* All City (1990s)
* Collage (1980s–2000s)
* Rockell (1990s–2000s)
* Spanish Fly (1990s–2000s)
* Vla Paris & Sarina (1990s)
* Collage & Denine (1990s)
* Hanson & Davis (1980s)