OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mike Snody

Mike Snody is a Southern Texas knife maker who is known for his use of exotic materials in his custom knives. He is currently based in Walsenburg, Colorado.

## Knife Making

Snody worked as a Quality Control Inspector in the petroleum industry before making custom knives. He began making Japanese influenced fixed-blade knives in 1998 and branched out into other designs by 2004 including Kitchen knives, Machetes, Fixed blade fighting knives, and Pocket Knives. Most of his designs have a primary focus on self-defense or tactical applications. He has used a variety of steel types in his knife construction over the years. A2, s35v, 154 cm, 440c and Damascus are the most commonly used. There are many examples of Titanium used in his Folding Knives. Titanium blades often have a carbonized edge for added toughness, since titanium is work hardened and not heat treated. Each sheath is hand made out of leather or kydex. The handle construction of his knives are simply wrapped in parachute cord also known as paracord or be embellished with exotic materials such as petrified dinosaur bone, giraffe bone, and Hippopotamus tooth. Snody often uses Timascus in his handle construction, which is a Titanium-based Damascus that anodizes at a different rate giving contrasting color in the pattern.
One of his latest designs called the "Money Friction Folder" incorporates a hole in the handle and a stop pin to convert a folding knife into a fixed blade knife.

## Collaborations

Snody has collaborated with knife manufactures including Benchmade Knives, Spyderco, H&K Knives and most recently KA Bar. In 2005 Benchmade won the "Knife of the Year Award" from the Shooting Industry Academy of Excellence for the Mike Snody designed Model 425 Gravitator folding knife.
Snody designed many knives for the Heckler and Koch Knife line as an outgrowth of his collaboration with Benchmade Knives.
His recent collaboration with Ka-Bar known as the Big Boss shares many of the same design aspects of the original design produced from Snody Knives.
# Cycloteuthis

Cycloteuthis is a genus of squid in the family Cycloteuthidae. It is distinguished from the genus Discoteuthis by the presence of a tail on the mantle. The species C. akimushkini is currently considered a junior synonym of C. sirventi, however this is inconclusive and the World Register of Marine Species has C. akimushkini as a valid species.
The genus contains bioluminescent species.
# Commisso

Commisso is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antonio Commisso (born 1956), Italian mobster of the Commisso 'ndrina
* Cosimo Commisso (criminal) (born 1950), Italian mobster of the Commisso 'ndrina
* Cosimo Commisso (scientist), Canadian biologist
* Cosimo Commisso (soccer), Canadian soccer player
* Emilio Commisso (born 1956), Argentine footballer
* Eduardo Commisso (born 1948), Argentine footballer
* Rocco B. Commisso (born 1949), Italian-American businessman, chairman of Mediacom Communications
# Rajya Pala

Rajya Pala may refer to:
* Rajyapala (908-940 CE), seventh ruler of the Pala Empire of eastern Indian subcontinent, mainly the Bengal and Bihar regions
* Rajyapala Kamboja (10th century CE), founder of the Kamboja-Pala Dynasty of Bengal
# General Stopford

General Stopford may refer to:
* Edward Stopford (British Army officer) (1766–1837), British Army lieutenant general
* Frederick Stopford (1854–1929), British Army lieutenant general
* Montagu Stopford (1892–1971), British Army general
# Cat Street

Cat Street may refer to:
* Cat Street, Tokyo
* Catte Street, Oxford, England
* Upper Lascar Row, Hong Kong
* Cat Street (manga), a Japanese manga by Yoko Kamio
# Genstar Development Company

Genstar Development Company (Canada) is a real estate development company that creates master planned communities throughout Canada. Genstar has a history dating back over 50 years developing thousands of acres into some of the most recognized communities across Canada. Today, Genstar has active projects in Calgary, Edmonton and Winnipeg.

## History

The company's origins date back to 1950 as BACM Industries founded by the Simkin Family in Winnipeg. In 1973, BACM Industries was sold to Genstar Corporation and was renamed Genstar Development Company. At that time, the Company operated in Winnipeg, Edmonton, Calgary, and Vancouver. Soon after, operations were added in Toronto and then Ottawa. In the late 1970s the Company also started operations in the United States.
In 1986, Genstar Corporation was acquired by Imasco Limited. By 1991, Genstar had active development operations in Minnesota, San Diego, Los Angeles, Portland, Tampa, Atlanta and Houston - all under the banner of Genstar Land Company.
In 1999, senior management orchestrated a management buyout and acquired the assets of Genstar in Canada and formed GDC Communities in the United States. GDC Communities plays two roles, it owns Genstar Development Company (Canada) and directs the development of its Canadian master planned communities, and secondly, it provides the foundation for the US investments and operations.
# Gavin Stephens

Gavin Stephens is a Canadian comedian. He is most noted for his 2021 comedy album All Inclusive Coma, for which he was a Juno Award nominee for Comedy Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2022.
He was previously a cast member of the sketch comedy series Comedy Inc. from 2003 to 2007.
# Ministry of Industry (Japan)

The Ministry of Public Works (工部省, Kōbushō) was a cabinet-level ministry in the Daijō-kan system of government of the Meiji period Empire of Japan from 1870 to 1885. It is also sometimes referred to as the “Ministry of Engineering” or “Ministry of Industry”.

## History

The Cabinet officially announced the establishment of the Public Works on December 12, 1870, by the advice of Edmund Morel, chief engineer of the Railway Construction to achieve rapid social and industrial development. After long arguments of 10 months, on September 28, 1871, the Meiji government completed arrangement of organization of 11 departments, which were mostly transferred from the Ministry of Civil Affairs. It included railroads, shipyards, lighthouses, mines, an iron and steel industry, telecommunication, civil works, manufacturing, industrial promotion, engineering institution and survey. Each department had to be relied on the foreign advisor and officer for a while, but gradually replaced them with Japanese engineers, who received training in the Engineering Institution. Main function of the Engineering Institution was to manage the Imperial College of Engineering (the predecessor of the Tokyo Imperial University College of Engineering). One of the key roles of the ministry was locating, and if necessary, reverse engineering overseas technology. For example, in 1877, only a year after the invention of the telephone, engineers employed by the ministry had obtained examples and were attempting to create a domestic version. By the mid-1880s, many of the industries created by the Ministry of Industry were privatized. With the establishment of the cabinet system under the Meiji Constitution on December 22, 1885, the ministry was abolished, with its functions divided between the new Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and the Ministry of Communications.
Minister and Vice Ministers :
| Name | Kanji | in office | out of office |
| Minister (工部卿, Kōbu-kyō) ||||
| Itō Hirobumi | 伊藤 博文 | October 25, 1873 | May 15, 1878 |
| Inoue Kaoru | 井上 馨 | July 29, 1878 | September 10, 1879 |
| Yamada Akiyoshi | 山田 顕義 | September 10, 1879 | February 28, 1880 |
| Yamao Yōzō | 山尾 庸三 | February 28, 1880 | October 21, 1881 |
| Sasaki Takayuki | 佐々木 高行 | October 21, 1881 | December 22, 1885 |
| Vice-Minister (工部大輔, Kōbu-taifu) ||||
| Yamao Yōzō | 山尾 庸三 | October 27, 1872 | February 28, 1880 |
| Yoshii Tomozane | 吉井 友実 | June 17, 1880 | January 10, 1882 |
| Inoue Masaru | 井上 勝 | July 8, 1882 | December 22, 1885 |
# Marc Tyler Arnold

Marc Tyler Arnold (born November 20, 1992) is an American chess player who received the FIDE title of Grandmaster (GM) in September 2012.

## Chess career

Arnold's peak United States Chess Federation rating was 2640 in July 2012. In August 2012, he received his peak FIDE rating of 2540 and earned the GM title. He won the US Junior (closed) Chess Championship in 2012 and 2007. Arnold became an International Master in 2009.
Arnold won his first game against a Grandmaster at the age of 10, defeating 6-time US Champion Walter Shawn Browne in 29 moves at the 104th US Open in Los Angeles, California, on August 11, 2003. At that time, as a young student he worked on his game several days a week with National Master John Mac Arthur. Subsequent instructors included Grandmaster William Lombardy who included much chess culture and endgame technique, and Grandmaster Joel Benjamin. In 2008, Arnold played at the World Open chess tournament, where he defeated Vadim Milov. Much of Marc Arnold's development past candidate master to International Master can be attributed to his training with Grandmaster John Fedorowicz. British Champion and Grandmaster Mark Hebden worked with Marc during the World Junior Chess Championship in 2010. Grandmaster Yuri Shulman took over training for the accomplishment of the Grandmaster title.
Arnold is the first chess Grandmaster to graduate from Columbia Grammar and Prep School (CGPS) in New York, New York. He was discovered to be very apt at capturing by values and trading queens early. Sophia Rohde, wife of Grandmaster Michael Rohde, taught curriculum classes in Kindergarten and 1st Grade at Columbia Grammar and brought Arnold to the attention of NM John Mac Arthur during an after-school chess program in 1999. Arnold won the US National School Grade Championship (2nd Grade), Orlando, Florida in December 2000. Arnold graduated CGPS in 2011, becoming a founding member of the Columbia Grammar and Prep School Chess Hall of Fame.

## Personal life

Arnold graduated from Indiana University and is currently a Commodities Trader at a hedge fund in New York City.
# New River tree frog

The New River tree frog (Trachycephalus hadroceps) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae found in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and possibly Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
# Collision resistance

In cryptography, collision resistance is a property of cryptographic hash functions: a hash function H is collision-resistant if it is hard to find two inputs that hash to the same output; that is, two inputs a and b where a ≠ b but H(a) = H(b).$^{:136}$ The pigeonhole principle means that any hash function with more inputs than outputs will necessarily have such collisions;$^{:136}$ the harder they are to find, the more cryptographically secure the hash function is.
The "birthday paradox" places an upper bound on collision resistance: if a hash function produces N bits of output, an attacker who computes only 2$^{N/2}$ (or $\scriptstyle {\sqrt {2^{N}}}$) hash operations on random input is likely to find two matching outputs. If there is an easier method to do this than brute-force attack, it is typically considered a flaw in the hash function.
Cryptographic hash functions are usually designed to be collision resistant. However, many hash functions that were once thought to be collision resistant were later broken. MD5 and SHA-1 in particular both have published techniques more efficient than brute force for finding collisions. However, some hash functions have a proof that finding collisions is at least as difficult as some hard mathematical problem (such as integer factorization or discrete logarithm). Those functions are called provably secure.

## Definition

A family of functions {h$_k$ : {0, 1}$^{m(k)}$ → {0, 1}$^{l(k)}$} generated by some algorithm G is a family of collision-resistant hash functions, if |m(k)| > |l(k)| for any k, i.e., h$_k$ compresses the input string, and every h$_k$ can be computed within polynomial time given k, but for any probabilistic polynomial algorithm A, we have
    Pr [k ← G(1$^n$), (x$_1$, x$_2$) ← A(k, 1$^n$) s.t. x$_1$ ≠ x$_2$ but h$_k$(x$_1$) = h$_k$(x$_2$)] < negl(n),
where negl(·) denotes some negligible function, and n is the security parameter.

## Weak and strong collision resistance

There are two different types of collision resistance.
A hash function has weak collision resistance when, given a hashing function H and an x, no other x' can be found such that H(x)=H(x'). In words, when given an x, it is not possible to find another x' such that the hashing function would create a collision.
A hash function has strong collision resistance when, given a hashing function H, no arbitrary x and x' can be found where H(x)=H(x'). In words, no two x's can be found where the hashing function would create a collision.

## Rationale

Collision resistance is desirable for several reasons.
* In some digital signature systems, a party attests to a document by publishing a public key signature on a hash of the document. If it is possible to produce two documents with the same hash, an attacker could get a party to attest to one, and then claim that the party had attested to the other.
* In some distributed content systems, parties compare cryptographic hashes of files in order to make sure they have the same version. An attacker who could produce two files with the same hash could trick users into believing they had the same version of a file when they in fact did not.
# Ralph Freeman (Lord Mayor)

Ralph Freeman (died 16 March 1634) was an English merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1633.
Freeman was a city of London merchant and a member of the Worshipful Company of Clothworkers. He was on the committee of the East India Company from 1608 to 1611 and from 1612 to 1615. From 1613 to 1615 he was an auditor of the City and served as one of the Court of Assistants of the Levant Company from 1614 to 1615 and from 1616 to 1623. He was a member of the committee of the East India Company from 1617 to 1619. In 1620 he was elected Sheriff of London but did not serve immediately. He was also Master of the Clothworkers Company in 1620 and on the committee of the East India Company from 1622 to 1623. On 12 November 1622, he was elected an alderman of the City of London for Bishopsgate ward. He was Sheriff of London from 1623 to 1624. In 1633 he became alderman for Cornhill ward and in 1633, he was elected Lord Mayor of London.
Freeman married Joan Crouch, a daughter of John Crouch of Layston. They had several children but lost at least four sons from 1598 onwards. By the time of his wife’s death in 1615, he was left with just one daughter, Jane who married George Sondes, 1st Earl of Feversham in 1620. She died in 1637 leaving two sons, George and Freeman. Tragedy struck the family in 1655 when Freeman, then a youth of nineteen, murdered George, apparently simply out of jealousy, and was hanged for the murder.
Sir Ralph was Lord of the Manor of Aspenden, Hertfordshire.
# Maple Ridge Secondary School

Maple Ridge Secondary is a public high school in Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada, part of School District 42 Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows.

## Academics

Maple Ridge Secondary offers academic courses as part of the Advanced Placement (AP) program, although only the English Language & Composition and English Literature & Composition courses have been taught. It was ranked 201st in the Fraser Institute annual ranking of schools in 2004/05. MRSS also offers an Outreach program for students from throughout the district who have fallen behind in their schooling.

## Athletics

MRSS sports teams include badminton, basketball, soccer, wrestling, mountain biking, cheerleading, field hockey, swimming, rugby, cross country, track and field, volleyball, water polo, tennis, golf, field lacrosse, and ball hockey.

## Arts

MRSS is known within its school district and the province of British Columbia for its Digital Art Academy, which offers students classes in the digital arts. These include creating:
* Art with Photoshop
* Websites
* Sound effects and music
* Short films
* Poster art and cartoon-art with Illustrator and Photoshop
* Programming games using Adobe Director and Flash. MRSS is the only school in School District 42 to offer a certificate of membership to a Digital Art Academy.

## In popular culture

* Much of the music video for Likey, by K-pop girl group Twice, was filmed on the school's campus in 2017.

## Notable alumni

* Robert Mundell, 1949.
* Tyler Labine, actor 1996.
* Karina LeBlanc, Member of the Canadian Women's Olympic Soccer Team 2008 and 2012.
* Andrew Ladd, NHL player 2003.
* Larry Walker, MLB 5x All Star, 1997 National League MVP
* Brandon Yip, NHL player 2003.
* Maggie Coles-Lyster, 2017, Pan Am Games Cyclist
* Taryck Tahid, 2023, youngest player in history to sign a Canadian Premier League contract, Vancouver FC at the age of 16 years and 16 days
# Nolasodes

Nolasodes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Gensui

Gensui (元帥) may refer to:
* Grand marshal (大元帥 dai-gensui), highest rank in Greater Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy, held by the Emperor of Japan;
* Field marshal (元帥陸軍大将 gensui rikugun-taishō), OF-10 officer in Imperial Japanese Army;
** Marshal (陸軍元帥 rikugun gensui), only held by Saigō Takamori in July 1872–May 1873.
* Marshal-admiral (元帥海軍大将 gensui kaigun-taishō), OF-10 officer in Imperial Japanese Navy.
# Edward Burrough

Edward Burrough (1634–1663) was an early English Quaker leader and controversialist. He is regarded as one of the Valiant Sixty, who were early Quaker preachers and missionaries.

## Convincement

Burrough was born in Underbarrow, Westmorland, and educated in the Church of England, but became a Presbyterian before becoming convinced (a Quaker term referring to conversion). During his late teens, he heard George Fox preach in 1652 and was convinced of the truth as understood by the Religious Society of Friends. He was consequently rejected by his parents. Burrough began itinerant preaching throughout England, travelling with another Friend, Francis Howgill. Among those converted by them was Hester Biddle, probably in 1654.

## Debate

During the years 1656–1657 Burrough and John Bunyan were engaged in a pamphlet debate, begun by Bunyan, who published Some Gospel Truths Opened, in which he attacked Quaker beliefs. Burrough responded with The True Faith of the Gospel of Peace. Bunyan countered with A Vindication of Some Gospel Truths Opened, which Burrough answered with Truth (the Strongest of All) Witnessed Forth. Later the Quaker leader George Fox entered the fray by publishing a refutation of Bunyan's essay in The Great Mystery of the Great Whore Unfolded.

## Intervention with the king

Upon the Restoration in 1660, Burrough approached King Charles II requesting protection and relief of Quakers in New England, who were being persecuted by Puritans there. Charles granted him an audience in 1661, and was persuaded to issue a writ stopping (temporarily) the corporal and capital punishments of the Quakers in Massachusetts.
Burrough arranged for the writ to be delivered by Samuel Shattuck, himself a Quaker under a ban from Massachusetts. Charles's writ commanded the Massachusetts authorities to send the imprisoned Quakers to England for trial, but they chose instead to release them. The king's order effectively stopped the hangings, but imprisonments and floggings were resumed the next year.

## Imprisonment and death

In 1662, Burrough was arrested for holding a meeting, which was illegal under the terms of the Quaker Act. He was sent to Newgate Prison, London.
An order for his release signed by Charles II was ignored by the local authorities, and Burrough remained in Newgate until his death on February 14, 1663, aged just 29 ("twelfth month 1662" in the Old Style and Quaker terminologies). He was buried in the Quaker Burying Ground, Bunhill Fields.
After his death, his collected works were published by E. Hookes in 1671 as The Memorable Works of a Son of Thunder and Consolation: Namely, that True Prophet, and Faithful Servant of God, and Sufferer for the Testimony of Jesus, Edward Burroughs, who Dyed a Prisoner for the Word of God, in the City of London, the Fourteenth of the Twelfth Moneth, 1662.

## In popular culture

* New Model Army's fourth album, Thunder and Consolation, was named as a reference to his collected works, The Memorable Works of a Son of Thunder and Consolation.
# Min önskejul

Min önskejul was released in 1997 and is a Christmas album from Swedish singer Sanna Nielsen. "Där Bor En Sång" was released as a single.
The album was re-released on November 19, 2001, with three new tracks: "O Helga Natt", "Ave Maria" and "Tusen Ljus". Also, the artwork was new and the running order changed.

## 1997 Track listing

* Min Önskejul
* Jag Har Tänt Ett Juleljus
* Tindra Stjärna I Juletid
* Gläns Över Sjö Och Strand
* Hör Hur Den Klingar
* Julpotpurri (Hej, mitt vinterland, Jag såg mamma kyssa tomten, Bjällerklang)
* Där Bor En Sång
* Jul Vid Den Heliges Port
* Juletid, Juletid
* Jag Bor På En Stjärna (Pomp And Circumstance)
* Då Är Det Jul (Jag Är En Gäst Och Främling)
* Stilla Natt
* Låt Mej Få Tända Ett Ljus

## 2001 Track listing

* O helga natt
* Jag bor på en stjärna (Pomp and Circumstance)
* Min önskejul
* Jul vid den Heliges Port
* Jag har tänt ett juleljus
* Juletid, juletid
* Julpotpurri (Hej, mitt vinterland, Jag såg mamma kyssa tomten, Bjällerklang)
* Gläns över sjö och strand
* Tindra stjärna i juletid
* Då är det jul
* Ave Maria
* Hör hur den klingar
* Tusen ljus
* Stilla natt
* Där bor en sång
* Låt mig få tända ett ljus
# Ngaju

Ngaju may refer to:
* Ngaju people
* Ngaju language
# Guillermo Kuitca

Guillermo Kuitca (born 1961) is an Argentine artist, who continues to work and live in Buenos Aires. Kuitca's work has been shown extensively around the globe, and is included in many important public collections, including The Tate Gallery, England; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC; the North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY and The Daros Collection, Zürich, Switzerland, and at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis. Kuitca represented Argentina at the 2007 Venice Biennale. Recurrent themes of travel, maps, memory, and migration can be found in Kuitca’s work. He won the Konex Award from Argentina in 1992 and 2002.

## Early and mid-1980s

In the early and mid-1980s, Kuitca made works which incorporate theater imagery. Many paintings from this period feature figures on a stage-like platform, with titles often inspired by plays, literature and music.

## Late 1980s and early 1990s

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Kuitca began to integrate the subjects of architecture and topography in his work, often exploring the confluence of communal and private spaces. The floor plans of public institutions, such as those found in the “Tablada Suite” series, geographical maps, and genealogical charts begin to serve as important references during this period". In 1992, Kuitca created his first works which incorporated the image of a painted bed, “often small and forlorn on the canvas.” Afterwards, the artist used the motif of an apartment floor plan, middle-class and compact, with only one bathroom. This floor plan would eventually lead to maps, theater plans and baggage carousels.

## 1990s and early 2000s

Kuitca continued to explore organizational systems, in his “Neufert Suite” (1998) and “Encyclopédie” (2002) series. In his “Global Order” (2002) works, Kuitca combines a world map with architectural plans for interior spaces, “identifying borders and notions of ‘place’ as the changing products of human invention.”

## Maps

Kuitca is well known “for his use of maps – particularly his transcriptions of topography onto mattresses”. Kuitca says he uses the image of a map “to get lost… not to get oriented.” Stemming from his experimentation with aerial views of floor plans, Kuitca moved to maps because “he liked the way they occupy a space somewhere between the abstract and the representational.”

## Exhibitions

* Projects 30: Guillermo Kuitca, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1991