OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor

The Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor is a World Heritage Site located in Montenegro that was inscribed in 1979. It encompasses the old town of Kotor (Italian Cattaro), the fortifications of Kotor, and the surrounding region of the inner Bay of Kotor.

## Description
### Old town of Kotor

The old town of Kotor is contained within the city walls and a well preserved and restored medieval cityscape with notable buildings including the Cathedral of Saint Tryphon (built in 1166).
Kotor was heavily damaged during the earthquake on April 15, 1979, and this prompted the site to be also listed on the Danger List in 1979 when the site was inscribed. After significant rehabilitation within the town, the site was taken off this list in 2003.

### Fortifications of Kotor

The fortifications consist of a system of defensive military buildings to protect the medieval town of Kotor. They include the city walls with gates and bastions, ramparts that ascend the mountain of St. John, the castle of St. John (San Giovanni), and supportive structures. While some of the structures date back to Roman and Byzantine times, most of the fortifications were erected during the Venetian rule; later some modifications were made by the Austrians. The fortifications are the most significant aspect of the World Heritage site.

### Region of Kotor

The region that is included in the heritage is the inner bay of Kotor (past the Verige strait) with its surrounding mountains and towns, notably Risan and Perast in addition to Kotor. Further the islets of St. George (Sveti Đorđe) and Our Lady of the Rocks (Gospa od Škrpijela) are part of the heritage site.

## Preservation

In 1979, when the site was inscribed it was also placed on the List in Danger due to earthquake damage. Due to concerted international efforts much of this, specifically concerning the city of Kotor, has been mitigated. In 2003 the site was taken off of the danger list.
The heritage site faces challenges in a number of ways. Natural dangers such as erosion and earthquakes will always remain a threat. More acute, however, is the impact of human activity. Thus some urban development has been noted to be incongruent with the goals of preservation. An issue has been the proposal to bridge the Verige strait: the proposed Verige bridge between Cape St. Nedjelja and Cape Opatovo would facilitate traffic of the Adriatic Highway that currently utilizes a ferry system to cross the bay. When the site was inscribed in 1979, it was done so based on its cultural values; a 2008 UNESCO Mission Report suggests to also consider its outstanding value as a “cultural landscape” which may lead to a re-submission.

## Gallery

* view of gallery
* view of city walls
* view of bastion
# Matthew Stubbs

Matthew Stubbs is an American blues guitarist. He is best known as the lead guitarist for Charlie Musselwhite and GA-20.

## Background

Stubbs has been Charlie Musselwhite's lead guitarist since 2008, and as of 2017 had been with the band for a decade. They toured all over the world. Stubbs has also backed up and toured with such Blues giants as John Hammond, James Cotton, Junior Watson, and James Harman. With Musselwhite, he played on two live albums. Juke Joint Chapel was nominated for a Grammy in 2012. He released two albums under his own name, one with The Antiguas. He has won several Boston Music Awards. In 2018 he formed the band GA-20, their first single was released in 2019.

## Career
### The Antiguas

The group came about after Stubbs was writing some new material that differed from what he had done in the past. The music he was listening to was a lot of afrobeat, psych-rock, garage rock, and blues. They debuted with a self-titled album that sounded like a soundtrack to an action/spy film. As of August 2017, Stubbs and his group, The Antiguas were playing free shows every week for Downbeat Mondays on Church St., Cambridge at The Sinclair's restaurant.
In August 2018, they were at Cambridge's Middle East Restaurant and Nightclub, opening for surf legend, Dick Dale.

## GA-20

Along with fellow classic blues, R&B and early rock and roll lover Pat Faherty, Stubbs formed The GA-20 in the fall of 2017. They added drummer Chris Anzalone and the group became a trio. About a year after their formation, the scored a deal with Karma Chief Records. In early 2019, their single "Naggin’ on My Mind" was out. GA-20's debut album was released in October of 2019 on Karma Chief Records and debuted at number 2 on the Billboard Blues Charts.

## Discography

Albums :
| Act | Release title | Catalogue | Year | Fmt | Notes # |
| Matthew Stubbs | Soul Bender | Matthew Stubbs MS 1001 | 2008 | CD | Distributed by VizzTone Label Group |
| Matthew Stubbs | Medford & Main | Blue Bella Records BBCD 1013 | 2010 | CD | |
| Matthew Stubbs & The Antiguas | Matthew Stubbs & The Antiguas | (No label) 59696 45031 | 2017 | LP | |
| GA-20 | Lonely Soul | Karma Chief Records KCR 12004 | 2019 | LP/CD | |
With other artists :
| Act | Release title | Catalogue | Year | Fmt | Notes # |
| Charlie Musselwhite | Juke Joint Chapel | Henrietta Records | 2012 | CD-R | |
| Charlie Musselwhite | I Ain’t Lyin’ | Henrietta Records | 2015 | CD-R | |
# First Battle of Tucson

The First Battle of Tucson was a confrontation at Tucson, Arizona on December 6, 1779, as part of the Apache-Mexico Wars. Captain Pedro Allande y Saabedra with a force of only fifteen men defeated an army of around 350 strong.

## Battle

Not much is known about the first battle at Tucson. An Apache force, which Captain Allande estimated as 350 warriors, approached the Spanish post of Fort Tucson itself. The captain formed a command of fifteen men and engaged the enemy. The Spanish lancers defeated the Apaches in a long running battle. Allande cut off and brought back the head of a slain chieftain and carried it on a lance as a trophy. After waving the head at the surviving Apaches they fled the battlefield, abandoning their plunder of stolen livestock. The Spaniards reportedly killed and wounded several Apache men, including a brother of Chief Quilcho. Exact numbers of casualties are unknown.
# John Ross, 2nd Lord Ross

John Ross, 2nd Lord Ross of Halkhead (died 1513) was a Scottish nobleman.

## Origins

Ross was the son and heir of Robert Ross (the son of John Ross, 1st Lord Ross) and Agnes Melville, daughter and heiress of Thomas Melville of Melville. The Rosses of Halkhead, or Hawkhead, in Renfrewshire, were a Lowland family, not apparently related to the Earls of Ross or the Highland family of Ross of Balnagown.

## Career

Ross succeeded to the peerage in 1501 on the death of his grandfather, whom his father had pre-deceased. He had earlier been retoured heir of his mother in the barony of Melville on 16 May 1496. Over the years that followed, he obtained a number of charters and sasines in respect of extensive estates in and around Renfrewshire and Linlithgow.
It is recorded that James IV visited Ross at Halkhead on 1 April 1506 (on which occasion the King treated Ross's masons to a drink) and that he was again in the King's company (playing games and shooting the culverin) in February and March 1507/8.
He was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513.

## Family

Ross married (before 27 September 1490) Christian Edmonstone, daughter of Sir Archibald Edmonstone of Duntreath. She survived him and lived until May 1551. Lord Ross had at least four recorded children:
* Ninian Ross, 3rd Lord Ross
* Andrew Ross of Wardlaw
* Thomas Ross
* Helen Ross, who married John Blair of that Ilk.
# Mount Burley

Mount Burley (54°29′S 36°9′W﻿ / ﻿54.483°S 36.150°W﻿ / -54.483; -36.150) is a peak, 895 metres (2,940 ft) high, located 2 nautical miles (4 km) southwest of Doris Bay, South Georgia. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Lieutenant Commander Malcolm K. Burley, Royal Navy, leader of the British Combined Services Expedition which surveyed this vicinity in 1964–65.
# Goodbye kiss

Goodbye kiss may refer to:
* The Goodbye Kiss (album) (Chinese: 吻別; pinyin: wěnbié), a 1993 album by Jacky Cheung, and the title song
* "Goodbye Kiss", a song by Kasabian
* The Goodbye Kiss (Italian: Arrivederci amore, ciao), a novel by Massimo Carlotto
* The Goodbye Kiss (film) (Italian: Arrivederci amore, ciao), a 2006 Italian crime film based on the novel
* The Good-Bye Kiss, a 1928 American comedy film
* Goodbye kiss, a term describing capitulation by the target of a greenmail challenge
# Homer Township, Benton County, Iowa

Homer Township is one of twenty townships in Benton County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 222.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Homer Township covers an area of 35.8 square miles (92.72 square kilometers).

### Unincorporated towns

* Rogersville at 42°06′31″N 92°13′54″W﻿ / ﻿42.108605°N 92.231574°W﻿ / 42.108605; -92.231574
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Monroe Township (north)
* Jackson Township (northeast)
* Big Grove Township (east)
* Union Township (southeast)
* Kane Township (south)
* York Township, Tama County (southwest)
* Oneida Township, Tama County (west)
* Clark Township, Tama County (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these two cemeteries: Houghton and Twogood.

## School districts

* Benton Community School District
* Union Community School District
* Vinton-Shellsburg Community School District

## Political districts

* Iowa's 3rd congressional district
* State House District 39
* State Senate District 20
# Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club

The Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club (NACSAC) was an organization within the Royal Navy that oversaw sports and technical diving training activities for naval aviation and fleet units. Today, it has branches at RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk) and RNAS Yeovilton (HMS Heron). Both bases provide training, and club members regularly dive into their local areas on weekends. Diving instruction, from beginner to advanced level, is offered under the auspices of the British Sub-Aqua Club. In 2005, NACSAC was closed down as an organization in favour of the Royal Navy Sub Aqua Club, which is what Lieutenant Graham and CPO Larn had wanted from the outset of NACSAC, which was only given that title since HMS Vernon, the RN Diving School at Portsmouth would not support the idea of sport diving within the service.

## History

In the early 1960s, a group of chief petty officers from the Naval Air Command formed amateur diving clubs and mounted annual expeditions. These clubs were first based at the naval air stations of Portland (HMS Osprey), Culdrose, and Yeovilton and conducted diving under the auspices of an umbrella organization which became known as the "Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club" (NACSAC). The club's first chairman was Lieutenant Roy Graham (1924–2007), an engineer officer who had begun his diving career aboard the aircraft carrier HMS Victorious. Whilst in Gibraltar, Graham was in charge of diving training on this ship. Following a shallow water diving course with 24 entrants and only himself and a Royal Air Force medical officer finishing the rigorous training, Graham became the only Fleet Air Arm officer with a naval diving qualification.
Chief Petty Officer Richard Larn was the organization's Diving Officer from its formation in 1960, who, apart from a period on HMS Bulwark between 1967 and 1968, continued to organize training and expeditions until his retirement from the navy in 1971. One of the club's first projects was to send a team of divers to the Isles of Scilly to find a historic Royal Navy ship, HMS Association, a 90-gun ship of the line lost in the great naval disaster in 1707. In 1964 approximately ten NACSAC members - including the shipwreck expert and writer, Chief Petty Officer Richard Larn - arrived on Sicily, they were believed to be only the second group of divers to visit the area. Their initial dives began a series of navy visits that continued for four years. In 1964, 1965, and 1966, The divers could only access the Western Rocks, but barely around the Gilstone Ledge, where a later expedition managed to locate the wreck of HMS Association in 1967. The rediscovery of the site also led to more government legislation, notably the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973, passed in an attempt to preserve British historic wreck sites as part of the maritime heritage.
The annual expeditions, organized to promote diving as an exciting sport, had become a key focus of NACSAC activities. Despite changes to the Royal Navy Fleet command structure, NACSAC flourished, at one time having branches in seven Fleet Air Arm bases, until superseded by the Royal Navy Sub Aqua Club.
# Nemapogon barikotellus

Nemapogon barikotellus is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in Afghanistan.
# Nemapogon caucasicus

Nemapogon caucasicus is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in the Caucasus in southern European Russia.
# Kazabazua River

Kazabazua River is a tributary of the Gatineau River in western Quebec, Canada.
The river gives its name to Kazabazua, a village in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality. Derived from the Algonquin language, the name of this river has had many spellings including "Kazaluzu", "Kasubasua", "Cazabasua", "Cazibazouis", "Cazebalzuac", and "Cajibajouis". The name is said to be derived from kachibadjiwan (kach meaning "hidden" and djiwan meaning "current")—a reflection of local topography as the Kazabazua briefly becomes an underground river before resurfacing a few dozen metres downstream. The river then flows through rapids and passes under a natural stone bridge.

## Geography

The geography of Kazabazua River includes calcitic marble containing crystals of graphite and grossular garnet. The marble has been chemically and mechanically eroded by water from the river to form a karst stone bridge. The inclusion of gneiss in the marble illustrates erosion differential.
Both this river and Picanoc River flow directly through local towns and are used for recreational activities such as fishing, rowing, and swimming. Cottages and homes are along the riverbanks. The pollution of the Gatineau, Kazabazua, and Pontiac rivers by both treated and untreated leachate has been a recent concern and "could have devastating effects upon residents and tourism throughout the region." One third of the local watershed—including any toxic effluent that might be present—flows into the Kazabazua River system. When water levels rise, the Kazabazua and Pontiac rivers sometimes back up into Lac Shea causing pollutants that they carry end up in this lake. The Kazabuza and Picanoc rivers are among several local bodies of water in Pontiac Regional County Municipality in which delicate aquatic and semi-aquatic animals such as wood turtles have been studied.
# Nero, Mozambique

Nero is a village in Ancuabe District in Cabo Delgado Province in northeastern Mozambique.
# Curlin (surname)

Curlin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* William G. Curlin (1927–2017), American Roman Catholic bishop
* William P. Curlin Jr. (born 1933), American politician and lawyer
* Zach Curlin (1890–1970), American football and basketball player and coach
# Nerolic acid

Nerolic acid, also known as (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid, is an organically-derived chemical.

## In nature

Nerolic acid is found in the Nasonov scent gland of honey-bees along with geraniol, geranic acid, citral, farnesol, and nerol. Of these, nerolic acid, geraniol, and farnesol are present in the highest proportions.
It is one of the five compounds that are part of the essential oils of Myrcia Ovata.
It is a compound also found in great quantity in Myrcia lundiana and it possess antifungal properties against pathogens such as Fusarium solani, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Both Myrcia Ovata and Myrcia lundiana are part of the Myrtaceae family plant, both containing a certain percentage of Nerolic acid compound.
In addition to this, Nerolic acid is also a principal chemical compound of essential oils of lemongrass, and is also believed to possess antifungal properties.
# Neptunea decemcostata

Neptunea decemcostata, the New England neptune, is a species of Neptunea and the state shell of Massachusetts. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of Neptunea lyrata, which it shares its common name with.
# Cult, Haute-Saône

Cult is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Culshaw

Culshaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* John Culshaw (1924–1980), English classical record producer
* Jon Culshaw (born 1968), English impressionist and comedian
* Mitchell Culshaw (born 2001), English footballer
* Peter Culshaw (born 1973), English boxer
# Nessia sarasinorum

Nessia sarasinorum, commonly known as Sarasins's snake skink or Müller's nessia, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the island of Sri Lanka.

## Etymology

The specific name, sarasinorum, is in honor of Swiss zoologists Karl Friedrich Sarasin and Paul Benedict Sarasin, who were cousins.

## Habitat and distribution

A dry zone skink, N. sarasinorum is known in Sri Lanka from Maha Oya, Lahugala Kitulana National Park, Polgahawela, Polonnaruwa, Galigamuwa, Buttala, Inamaluwa, Dambulla, Kandalama, and Batticaloa.

## Description

The body of N. sarasinorum is slender and of equal girth, from head to tail. The snout is acute and short. The fronto-nasal is shorter and broader than the frontal. The lower eyelid is scaly. The midbody scale rows number 22. The pre-anals are distinctly enlarged. The anterior limbs missing, and each posterior limb is reduced to a bud. The dorsum is light brown or bluish gray. There are individual scales with darker patches. Ventrally, it is lighter.

## Ecology and diet

N. sarasinorum inhabits moist loose soil or vegetation, such as tree roots.
# Keanumycin

Keanumycins are a group of chemical compounds isolated from bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas. They are classified as nonribosomal lipopeptides and they have a variety of antimicrobial activities. Keanumycin A is active against the amoebas Dictyostelium discoideum (IC$_{50}$ = 4.4 nM), Acanthamoeba castellanii (IC$_{50}$ = 2.0 μM), and Acanthamoeba comandoni (IC$_{50}$ = 3.1 μM) which cause infections in humans.
Fermentation broth containing keanumycins is effective against the fungus Botrytis cinerea and can be directly applied to plants to stop the development of Botrytis blight.
Researchers at the Hans Knöll Institute who first isolated and characterized these compounds named them after the actor Keanu Reeves because their deadliness was perceived to be comparable to Reeves in his film roles.
# Kazushi

Kazushi (written: 和志, 和司, 和士, 和史, 一志 or 一至) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Kazushi Hagiwara (萩原 一至, born 1963), Japanese manga artist
* Kazushi Hano (羽野 一志, born 1991), Japanese rugby sevens player
* Kazushi Hosaka (保坂 和志, born 1956), Japanese writer
* Kazushi Isoyama (磯山 和司, born 1975), Japanese footballer
* Kazushi Kimura (木村 和司, born 1958), Japanese footballer and manager
* Kazushi Mitsuhira (三平 和司, born 1988), Japanese footballer
* Kazushi Miyamoto (宮本 和志, born 1979), Japanese professional wrestler
* Kazushi Ono (大野 和士, born 1960), Japanese conductor
* Kazushi Sakuraba (桜庭 和志, born 1969), Japanese mixed martial artist and professional wrestler
* Kazushi Uchida (内田 和志, born 1987), Japanese footballer
* Kazushi Yamada (山田 和司, born 1987), Japanese badminton player
# Custody officer

A custody officer is an attested constable, in the United Kingdom and in the United States who works in a custody suite. A custody officer is in charge of the protection and transportation of detainees and/or prisoners between a jail or prison and court. Most custody officers in the United States are also limited commissioned law enforcement officers and can only enforce the laws that directly pertain to custody enforcement.

## England and Wales

In England and Wales, the custody officer must make a decision to authorise or refuse the detention of any detainee presented before him. This also applies to detainees presented before them by other public servants with power of arrest who may use the suite from time to time, for example revenue and customs officers and immigration officers. The officer presents the arrested person to the custody officer and explains the circumstances of the arrest, with further detention of the person being authorised if the custody officer deems it necessary to do so. It is not the custody officer's duty to determine whether the arrest was lawful or not, code G of PACE states that this duty rests on the arresting officer.
The custody officer must ensure that during the whole time the person is detained at the custody suite, police officers and police staff who deal with the detained person adhere to the PACE Codes of Practice regarding the rights and treatment of persons arrested.
These Codes of Practice include various requirements regarding time limits and record keeping for certain procedures that may take place whilst the person is in custody and the custody officer is responsible for ensuring these too.

## Scotland

The custody sergeant (custody supervisor) is the authorising sergeant for the detention of the accused. Under section 7 of the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016, this is done by the authoriser doing what is called a "section 14 test". If both parts of this test are satisfactory being necessary proportionate and that the subject is sufficiently identified the detention will proceed. A person who has been detained or arrested is taken to the nearest custodial police station and the person is booked into custody, often by a member of police staff employed by Scottish police authority called a CJPCSO (Criminal Justice Police Custody and Security Officer) or a police constable or sergeant in smaller more rural custody centres ;
As the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 does not apply in Scotland, the care of people in custody is governed by different (but very similar) guidance under the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016
# Cyclin D2

G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND2 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation. High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in CCND2 are associated to megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome.