# List of threatened fauna of Michigan

The list of threatened fauna of Michigan includes almost 400 endangered, threatened and special concern species that are located in Michigan as a part of the fauna of the United States. Endangered and threatened species in Michigan are protected through the Endangered Species Act of the State of Michigan, part of the 1994 Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act. The list was last updated in 2009 to its sixth iteration. At this time, 69 new species were added, including many species of freshwater mussels and snails, and 13 species were removed. The state also recognizes species of special concern, which are not protected under the act. These species have low or declining numbers in the state or a need for additional information on their populations in Michigan. If the species' numbers decline, they are moved to threatened or endangered status and afforded protection under the act; if they increase, they are removed from the list without further action.
Threatened and endangered species can also be listed under the federal Endangered Species Act, passed in 1973; the act covers over 1,250 plant and animal species. Species can be on either list or both lists – representation on one does not automatically determine representation (or status) on the other.
A large portion of the field surveys and research conducted with regards to threatened and endangered species in Michigan is undertaken by the Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) program. The MNFI program was originally developed in 1980 as part of the state natural heritage programs conceptualized by The Nature Conservancy (TNC), through which it received its first funding. The MNFI program severed relations with TNC in 2000, and became a program of the Michigan State University Extension Services.

## Mammals

There are twelve species of threatened mammals in Michigan. Five of these are listed as species of threatened concern, three as threatened and four as endangered. Two also have federal listed status as endangered or threatened.
| Species | Common name | State status | Federal status |
| Alces alces | Moose | Special concern | |
| Canis lupus | Gray wolf | Special concern | |
| Cryptotis parva | Least shrew | Threatened | |
| Puma concolor | Cougar | Endangered | |
| Glaucomys sabrinus | Northern flying squirrel | Special concern | |
| Lynx canadensis | Canada lynx | Endangered | Threatened |
| Microtus ochrogaster | Prairie vole | Endangered | |
| Microtus pinetorum | Woodland vole | Special concern | |
| Myotis sodalis | Indiana bat | Endangered | Endangered |
| Nycticeius humeralis | Evening bat | Threatened | |
| Pipistrellus subflavus | Eastern pipistrelle | Special concern | |
| Sorex fumeus | Smoky shrew | Threatened | |

## Amphibians

There are five species and subspecies of threatened amphibians in Michigan. Two of these are listed as species of special concern, one as a threatened species and two as endangered. No amphibians with federally listed threatened status have populations in Michigan.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Acris crepitans blanchardi | Blanchard's cricket frog | Threatened |
| Ambystoma opacum | Marbled salamander | Endangered |
| Ambystoma texanum | Smallmouth salamander | Endangered |
| Pseudacris maculata | Boreal chorus frog | Special concern |
| Siren intermedia nettingi | Western lesser siren | Special concern |

## Reptiles

There are eleven species and subspecies of threatened reptiles in Michigan. Of these, six are listed as species of special concern, three as threatened and two as endangered. One species has federal listed status as threatened, while another is a candidate for federal listing.
| Species | Common name | State status | Federal status |
| Clemmys guttata | Spotted turtle | Threatened | |
| Clemmys insculpta | Wood turtle | Special concern | |
| Clonophis kirtlandii | Kirtland's snake | Endangered | |
| Cnemidophorus sexlineatus | Six-lined racerunner | Threatened | |
| Emys blandingii | Blanding's turtle | Special concern | |
| Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta | Copperbelly water snake | Endangered | Threatened |
| Pantherophis gloydi | Eastern fox snake | Threatened | |
| Pantherophis spiloides | Gray rat snake | Special concern | |
| Regina septemvittata | Queen snake | Special concern | |
| Sistrurus catenatus catenatus | Eastern massasauga | Special concern | Candidate |
| Terrapene carolina carolina | Eastern box turtle | Special concern | |

## Birds

There are 42 threatened species and subspecies of birds in Michigan. Of these, 18 are listed as species of special concern, 14 as threatened and 9 as endangered. One additional species is listed as extinct in Michigan, although it previously had a population in the state. Two species have federal listed status as endangered.
| Species | Common name | State status | Federal status |
| Accipiter gentilis | Northern goshawk | Special concern | |
| Ammodramus henslowii | Henslow's sparrow | Endangered | |
| Ammodramus savannarum | Grasshopper sparrow | Special concern | |
| Asio flammeus | Short-eared owl | Endangered | |
| Asio otus | Long-eared owl | Threatened | |
| Botaurus lentiginosus | American bittern | Special concern | |
| Buteo lineatus | Red-shouldered hawk | Threatened | |
| Charadrius melodus | Piping plover | Endangered | Endangered and critical habitat |
| Chlidonias niger | Black tern | Special concern | |
| Chondestes grammacus | Lark sparrow | Extinct | |
| Circus cyaneus | Northern harrier | Special concern | |
| Cistothorus palustris | Marsh wren | Special concern | |
| Coturnicops noveboracensis | Yellow rail | Threatened | |
| Cygnus buccinator | Trumpeter swan | Threatened | |
| Falcipennis canadensis | Spruce grouse | Special concern | |
| Falco columbarius | Merlin | Threatened | |
| Falco peregrinus | Peregrine falcon | Endangered | |
| Gallinula chloropus | Common moorhen | Threatened | |
| Gavia immer | Common loon | Threatened | |
| Haliaeetus leucocephalus | Bald eagle | Special concern | |
| Hydroprogne caspia | Caspian tern | Threatened | |
| Ixobrychus exilis | Least bittern | Threatened | |
| Lanius ludovicianus migrans | Migrant loggerhead shrike | Endangered | |
| Nycticorax nycticorax | Black-crowned night-heron | Special concern | |
| Pandion haliaetus | Osprey | Special concern | |
| Parkesia motacilla | Louisiana waterthrush | Threatened | |
| Phalaropus tricolor | Wilson's phalarope | Special concern | |
| Picoides arcticus | Black-backed woodpecker | Special concern | |
| Protonotaria citrea | Prothonotary warbler | Special concern | |
| Rallus elegans | King rail | Endangered | |
| Setophaga cerulea | Cerulean warbler | Threatened | |
| Setophaga citrina | Hooded warbler | Special concern | |
| Setophaga discolor | Prairie warbler | Endangered | |
| Setophaga dominica | Yellow-throated warbler | Threatened | |
| Setophaga kirtlandii | Kirtland's warbler | Endangered | Endangered |
| Spiza americana | Dickcissel | Special concern | |
| Sterna forsteri | Forster's tern | Threatened | |
| Sterna hirundo | Common tern | Threatened | |
| Sturnella neglecta | Western meadowlark | Special concern | |
| Tympanuchus phasianellus | Sharp-tailed grouse | Special concern | |
| Tyto alba | Barn owl | Endangered | |
| Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus | Yellow-headed blackbird | Special concern | |

## Fish

There are 35 species and subspecies of threatened fish in Michigan. Of these, eight are species of special concern, nine are threatened and another nine are listed as endangered. An additional nine species that previously had populations in Michigan are now considered extinct in that state. None of the federally listed species of threatened fish have populations in Michigan.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Acipenser fulvescens | Lake sturgeon | Threatened |
| Ammocrypta pellucida | Eastern sand darter | Threatened |
| Clinostomus elongatus | Redside dace | Endangered |
| Coregonus artedi | Lake herring | Threatened |
| Coregonus hubbsi | Ives Lake cisco | Threatened |
| Coregonus johannae | Deepwater cisco | Extinct |
| Coregonus kiyi | Kiyi | Special concern |
| Coregonus nigripinnis | Blackfin cisco | Extinct |
| Coregonus reighardi | Shortnose cisco | Extinct |
| Coregonus zenithicus | Shortjaw cisco | Threatened |
| Coregonus zenithicus bartletti | Siskiwit lake cisco | Threatened |
| Cottus ricei | Spoonhead sculpin | Special concern |
| Erimyzon oblongus | Creek chubsucker | Endangered |
| Etheostoma spectabile | Orangethroat darter | Special concern |
| Fundulus dispar | Starhead topminnow | Special concern |
| Hiodon tergisus | Mooneye | Threatened |
| Hybopsis amblops | Bigeye chub | Extinct |
| Lepisosteus oculatus | Spotted gar | Special concern |
| Macrhybopsis storeriana | Silver chub | Special concern |
| Moxostoma carinatum | River redhorse | Threatened |
| Notropis anogenus | Pugnose shiner | Endangered |
| Notropis chalybaeus | Ironcolor shiner | Extinct |
| Notropis dorsalis | Bigmouth shiner | Special concern |
| Noturus miurus | Brindled madtom | Special concern |
| Notropis photogenis | Silver shiner | Endangered |
| Notropis texanus | Weed shiner | Extinct |
| Noturus stigmosus | Northern madtom | Endangered |
| Opsopoeodus emiliae | Pugnose minnow | Endangered |
| Percina copelandi | Channel darter | Endangered |
| Percina shumardi | River darter | Endangered |
| Phoxinus erythrogaster | Southern redbelly dace | Endangered |
| Polyodon spathula | Paddlefish | Extinct |
| Sander canadensis | Sauger | Threatened |
| Sander vitreus glaucus | Bluepike | Extinct |
| Thymallus arcticus | Arctic grayling | Extinct |

## Insects
### Butterflies and moths

There are 53 species and subspecies of threatened butterflies and moths in Michigan. Of these, 40 are listed as species of special concern, 8 as threatened and 5 as endangered. Two species are also listed as federally endangered, while another is a candidate for federal listing.
| Species | Common name | State status | Federal status |
| Acronicta falcula | Corylus dagger moth | Special concern | |
| Atrytonopsis hianna | Dusted skipper | Special concern | |
| Basilodes pepita | Gold moth | Special concern | |
| Battus philenor | Pipevine swallowtail | Special concern | |
| Boloria freija | Freija fritillary | Special concern | |
| Boloria frigga | Frigga fritillary | Special concern | |
| Brachionycha borealis | Boreal brachionyncha | Special concern | |
| Calephelis mutica | Swamp metalmark | Special concern | |
| Catocala amestris | Three-staff underwing | Endangered | |
| Catocala dulciola | Quiet underwing | Special concern | |
| Catocala illecta | Magdalen underwing | Special concern | |
| Catocala robinsoni | Robinson's underwing | Special concern | |
| Chlosyne gorgone carlota | Gorgone checkerspot | Special concern | |
| Eacles imperialis pini | Pine imperial moth | Special concern | |
| Erebia discoidalis | Red-disked alpine | Special concern | |
| Erora laeta | Early hairstreak | Special concern | |
| Erynnis baptisiae | Wild indigo duskywing | Special concern | |
| Erynnis persius persius | Persius duskywing | Threatened | |
| Euchloe ausonides | Large marble | Special concern | |
| Euphyes dukesi | Dukes' skipper | Threatened | |
| Euxoa aurulenta | Dune cutworm | Special concern | |
| Fixsenia favonius ontario | Northern hairstreak | Special concern | |
| Hemileuca maia | Barrens buckmoth | Special concern | |
| Hesperia ottoe | Ottoe skipper | Threatened | |
| Heterocampa subrotata | Small heterocampa | Special concern | |
| Heteropacha rileyana | Riley's lappet moth | Special concern | |
| Incisalia henrici | Henry's elfin | Threatened | |
| Incisalia irus | Frosted elfin | Threatened | |
| Merolonche dolli | Doll's merolonche | Special concern | |
| Meropleon ambifusca | Newman's brocade | Special concern | |
| Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii | Mitchell's satyr | Endangered | Endangered |
| Oarisma poweshiek | Poweshiek skipperling | Threatened | Candidate |
| Oeneis macounii | Macoun's arctic | Special concern | |
| Oncocnemis piffardi | Three-striped oncocnemis | Special concern | |
| Pachypolia atricornis | Three-horned moth | Special concern | |
| Papaipema aweme | Aweme borer | Special concern | |
| Papaipema beeriana | Blazing star borer | Special concern | |
| Papaipema cerina | Golden borer | Special concern | |
| Papaipema maritima | Maritime sunflower borer | Special concern | |
| Papaipema sciata | Culvers root borer | Special concern | |
| Papaipema silphii | Silphium borer moth | Threatened | |
| Papaipema speciosissima | Regal fern borer | Special concern | |
| Phyciodes batesii | Tawny crescent | Special concern | |
| Plebejus idas nabokovi | Northern blue | Threatened | |
| Plebejus melissa samuelis | Karner blue | Threatened | Endangered |
| Polygonia gracilis | Hoary comma | Special concern | |
| Proserpinus flavofasciata | Yellow-banded day-sphinx | Special concern | |
| Pygarctia spraguei | Sprague's pygarctia | Special concern | |
| Pyrgus wyandot | Grizzled skipper | Special concern | |
| Schinia indiana | Phlox moth | Endangered | |
| Schinia lucens | Leadplant flower moth | Endangered | |
| Spartiniphaga inops | Spartina moth | Special concern | |
| Speyeria idalia | Regal fritillary | Endangered | |

### Beetles

There are six species of threatened beetles in Michigan. Of these, three are species of special concern, one is threatened and one is endangered. One additional species is extinct in Michigan, although it previously had a viable population in the state. Two species of beetles with populations in Michigan are listed as federally endangered.
| Species | Common name | State status | Federal status |
| Brychius hungerfordi | Hungerford's crawling water beetle | Endangered | Endangered |
| Dryobius sexnotatus | Six-banded longhorn beetle | Threatened | |
| Liodessus cantralli | Cantrall's bog beetle | Special concern | |
| Lordithon niger | Black lordithon rove beetle | Special concern | |
| Nicrophorus americanus | American burying beetle | Extinct | Endangered |
| Stenelmis douglasensis | Douglas Stenelmis riffle beetle | Special concern | |

### Cicadas and hoppers

There are seven species of threatened cicadas and hoppers with populations in Michigan. Of these, five are listed as species of special concern and two as threatened species. There are no federally listed species with populations in Michigan.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Dorydiella kansana | Leafhopper | Special concern |
| Flexamia delongi | Leafhopper | Special concern |
| Flexamia huroni | Huron river leafhopper | Threatened |
| Flexamia reflexus | Leafhopper | Special concern |
| Lepyronia angulifera | Angular spittlebug | Special concern |
| Lepyronia gibbosa | Great plains spittlebug | Threatened |
| Prosapia ignipectus | Red-legged spittlebug | Special concern |

### Damselflies and dragonflies

There are 15 species of threatened damselflies and dragonflies in Michigan. Of these, twelve are listed as species of special concern, two as threatened and one as endangered. The state-listed endangered species is also listed as federally endangered.
| Species | Common name | State status | Federal status |
| Cordulegaster erronea | Tiger spiketail | Special concern | |
| Gomphus lineatifrons | Splendid clubtail | Special concern | |
| Gomphus quadricolor | Rapids clubtail | Special concern | |
| Hetaerina titia | Smokey rubyspot | Special concern | |
| Ophiogomphus anomalus | Extra-striped snaketail | Special concern | |
| Ophiogomphus howei | Pygmy snaketail | Threatened | |
| Somatochlora hineana | Hine's emerald | Endangered | Endangered |
| Somatochlora incurvata | Incurvate emerald | Special concern | |
| Stylurus amnicola | Riverine snaketail | Special concern | |
| Stylurus laurae | Laura's snaketail | Special concern | |
| Stylurus notatus | Elusive snaketail | Special concern | |
| Stylurus plagiatus | Russet-tipped clubtail | Special concern | |
| Tachopteryx thoreyi | Grey petaltail | Threatened | |
| Williamsonia fletcheri | Ebony boghaunter | Special concern | |
| Williamsonia lintneri | Ringed boghaunter | Special concern | |

### Grasshoppers and crickets

There are 14 species of threatened grasshoppers and crickets in Michigan. Thirteen of these are listed as species of special concern, while the remaining species is listed as threatened. There are no federally listed species with populations in Michigan.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Appalachia arcana | Secretive locust | Special concern |
| Atlanticus davisi | Davis's shield-bearer | Special concern |
| Melanoplus flavidus | Blue-legged locust | Special concern |
| Neoconocephalus lyristes | Bog conehead | Special concern |
| Neoconocephalus retusus | Conehead grasshopper | Special concern |
| Oecanthus laricis | Tamarack tree cricket | Special concern |
| Oecanthus pini | Pinetree cricket | Special concern |
| Orchelimum concinnum | Red-faced meadow katydid | Special concern |
| Orchelimum delicatum | Delicate meadow katydid | Special concern |
| Orphulella pelidna | Green desert grasshopper | Special concern |
| Paroxya hoosieri | Hoosier locust | Special concern |
| Psinidia fenestralis | Atlantic-coast locust | Special concern |
| Scudderia fasciata | Pine katydid | Special concern |
| Trimerotropis huroniana | Lake Huron locust | Threatened |

### Bees

There are two species of threatened bees in Michigan, both of which are members of the genus Bombus and are listed as species of special concern. There are no federally listed bee species with populations in Michigan.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Bombus affinis | Rusty-patched bumble bee | Special concern |
| Bombus terricola | Yellow banded bumble bee | Special concern |

### Caddisflies

There is one species of threatened caddisfly in Michigan, which is listed as a species of special concern and is not found on the federal listing of endangered species.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Limnephilus pallens | No common name | Special concern |

### Dobsonflies and fishflies

There is one species of threatened dobsonfly in Michigan and no species of threatened fishflies. The single threatened member of this group is listed as a species of special concern, and is not found on the federal listing.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Neohermes concolor | No common name | Special concern |

### Mayflies

There are three species of threatened mayflies with populations in Michigan, all of which are listed as species of special concern. None are found on the federal listing.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Anthopotamus verticis | Walker's tusked sprawler | Special concern |
| Epeorus suffusus | No common name | Special concern |
| Habrophlebiodes americana | No common name | Special concern |

## Freshwater mussels

There are 28 species and subspecies of threatened freshwater mussels in Michigan. Of these, 9 are species of special concern, 6 are listed as threatened and 13 are endangered. Six are also federally listed as endangered.
| Species | Common name | State status | Federal status |
| Alasmidonta marginata | Elktoe | Special concern | |
| Alasmidonta viridis | Slippershell mussel | Threatened | |
| Cyclonaias tuberculata | Purple wartyback | Threatened | |
| Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua | White catspaw | Endangered | Endangered |
| Epioblasma torulosa rangiana | Northern riffleshell | Endangered | Endangered |
| Epioblasma triquetra | Snuffbox | Endangered | Endangered |
| Lampsilis fasciola | Wavy-rayed lampmussel | Threatened | |
| Leptodea leptodon | Scaleshell | Special concern | Endangered |
| Ligumia nasuta | Eastern pondmussel | Endangered | |
| Ligumia recta | Black sandshell | Endangered | |
| Obliquaria reflexa | Threehorn wartyback | Endangered | |
| Obovaria olivaria | Hickorynut | Endangered | |
| Obovaria subrotunda | Round hickorynut | Endangered | |
| Pleurobema clava | Clubshell | Endangered | Endangered |
| Pleurobema sintoxia | Round pigtoe | Special concern | |
| Potamilus ohiensis | Pink papershell | Threatened | |
| Ptychobranchus fasciolaris | Kidney shell | Special concern | |
| Pyganodon lacustris | Lake floater | Special concern | |
| Pyganodon subgibbosa | Round lake floater | Threatened | |
| Simpsonaias ambigua | Salamander mussel | Endangered | |
| Toxolasma lividus | Purple lilliput | Endangered | |
| Toxolasma parvus | lilliput | Endangered | |
| Truncilla donaciformis | Fawnsfoot | Threatened | |
| Truncilla truncata | Deertoe | Special concern | |
| Utterbackia imbecillis | Paper pondshell | Special concern | |
| Venustaconcha ellipsiformis | Ellipse | Special concern | |
| Villosa fabalis | Rayed bean | Endangered | Endangered |
| Villosa iris | Rainbow | Special concern | |

## Land and freshwater snails

There are 61 species and subspecies of threatened land and freshwater snails in Michigan. Of these, 38 are species of special concern, 10 are listed as threatened and 13 are listed as endangered. No federally listed species of snails have populations in Michigan.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Acella haldemani | Spindle lymnaea | Special concern |
| Anguispira kochi | Banded globe | Special concern |
| Appalachina sayana | Spike-lip crater | Special concern |
| Birgella subglobosus | Globe siltsnail | Special concern |
| Carychium nannodes | File thorn | Special concern |
| Catinella exile | Pleistocene catinella | Threatened |
| Catinella gelida | No common name | Threatened |
| Catinella protracta | No common name | Endangered |
| Cincinnatia cincinnatiensis | Campeloma spire snail | Special concern |
| Discus patulus | Domed disc | Special concern |
| Euchemotrema hubrichti | Carinate pillsnail | Threatened |
| Euconulus alderi | No common name | Threatened |
| Fontigens nickliniana | Watercress snail | Special concern |
| Fossaria cyclostoma | Bugle fossaria | Threatened |
| Fossaria galbana | Boreal fossaria | Special concern |
| Gastrocopta holzingeri | Lambda snaggletooth snail | Endangered |
| Glyphyalinia solida | No common name | Special concern |
| Guppya sterkii | Sterki's granule | Endangered |
| Hawaiia alachuana | Southeastern gem | Special concern |
| Helicodiscus singleyanus | Smooth coil | Special concern |
| Helisoma anceps royalense | Lake Superior ramshorn | Special concern |
| Hendersonia occulta | Cherrystone drop | Threatened |
| Lyogyrus walkeri | Canadian duskysnail | Special concern |
| Mesodon clausus | Yellow globelet | Special concern |
| Mesodon elevatus | Proud globe | Threatened |
| Mesodon mitchellianus | Sealed globelet | Special concern |
| Mesodon pennsylvanicus | Proud globelet | Special concern |
| Mesomphix cupreus | Copper button | Special concern |
| Oxyloma peoriense | Depressed ambersnail | Special concern |
| Pallifera fosteri | Foster mantleslug | Threatened |
| Philomycus carolinianus | Carolina Mantleslug | Special concern |
| Physella magnalacustris | Great Lakes physa | Special concern |
| Physella parkeri | Broadshoulder physa | Threatened |
| Planogyra asteriscus | Eastern flat-whorl | Special concern |
| Planorbella multivolvis | Acorn ramshorn | Endangered |
| Planorbella smithi | No common name | Endangered |
| Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis | Brown walker | Special concern |
| Pupilla muscorum | Widespread column | Special concern |
| Pyrgulopsis letsoni | Gravel pyrg | Special concern |
| Stagnicola contracta | Deepwater pondsnail | Endangered |
| Stagnicola petoskeyensis | Petoskey pondsnail | Endangered |
| Stagnicola woodruffi | Coldwater pondsnail | Special concern |
| Striatura meridionalis | Median striate | Special concern |
| Vallonia gracilicosta albula | No common name | Endangered |
| Vallonia parvula | Trumpet vallonia | Special concern |
| Valvata perdepressa | Purplecap valvata | Special concern |
| Valvata winnebagoensis | Flanged valvata | Special concern |
| Ventridens intertextus | Pyramid dome | Special concern |
| Ventridens suppressus | Flat dome | Special concern |
| Vertigo bollesiana | Delicate vertigo | Threatened |
| Vertigo cristata | Crested vertigo | Special concern |
| Vertigo elatior | Tapered vertigo | Special concern |
| Vertigo hubrichti | Hubricht's vertigo | Endangered |
| VVertigo modesta modesta | No common name | Endangered |
| Vertigo modesta parietalis | No common name | Endangered |
| Vertigo morsei | Six-whorl vertigo | Endangered |
| Vertigo nylanderi | Deep-throat vertigo | Endangered |
| Vertigo paradoxa | Mystery vertigo | Special concern |
| Vertigo pygmaea | Crested vertigo | Special concern |
| Vertigo tridentata | Honey vertigo | Special concern |
| Xolotrema denotata | Velvet wedge | Special concern |

## Fingernail and pea clams

There are seven threatened species of fingernail and pea clams in Michigan, all listed as species of special concern. None of the species with populations in Michigan are federally listed as threatened.
| Species | Common name | State status |
| Pisidium amnicum | Greater European pea clam | Special concern |
| Pisidium cruciatum | Ornamanted pea clam | Special concern |
| Pisidium equilaterale | Round pea clam | Special concern |
| Pisidium idahoense | Giant northern pea clam | Special concern |
| Pisidium simplex | No common name | Special concern |
| Sphaerium corneum | European pea clam | Special concern |
| Sphaerium fabale | River fingernail clam | Special concern |