OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chýně

Chýně is a town in Prague-West District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,800 inhabitants. The town is a suburb of Prague.

## Etymology

The initial name of the settlement was probably Chajín. The name was derived from the personal name Chája, meaning "Chája's (court)". The name was gradually distorted to Chajn and then to Chejn. From the 19th century, the name Chýně is used.

## Geography

Chýně is located about 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Prague. It lies in an agricultural landscape of the Prague Plateau.
The stream Litovický potok runs east along the northern border and supplies two small fishponds. The upper pond is called Bašta and is used for recreational purposes. The lower pond is called Strahovský.

## History

The area of the town has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Iron furnaces that were found here are the oldest examples known in Bohemia and Moravia. The first written mention of Chýně is from 1273.
The village used to belong to Strahov Monastery and until recently it was a small farming community. Proximity to Prague, the airport, and the motorway to Plzeň led in the 1990s to the development of some logistics and construction industries. The municipality has grown considerably with some large housing developments to the west, and it is losing some of its rural character. In 2023, Chýně was promoted to a town.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 367 | — |
| 1880 | 436 | +18.8% |
| 1890 | 453 | +3.9% |
| 1900 | 521 | +15.0% |
| 1910 | 568 | +9.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 567 | −0.2% |
| 1930 | 667 | +17.6% |
| 1950 | 624 | −6.4% |
| 1961 | 627 | +0.5% |
| 1970 | 608 | −3.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 600 | −1.3% |
| 1991 | 545 | −9.2% |
| 2001 | 637 | +16.9% |
| 2011 | 2,006 | +214.9% |
| 2021 | 4,681 | +133.3% |
Source: Censuses :

## Economy

Chýně has a small industrial area in the east.

## Transport

Chýně is located on the railway line Prague–Rudná. In addition to the Chýně train station, the town is aserved by the Chýně jih station, which is situated south of the town just beyond the municipal border.

## Sights

There are no protected cultural monuments in the town.
# Cimiata

Cimiata or Kimiata was a hill town of ancient Paphlagonia, which gave its name to a division of Paphlagonia named Cimiatene. It was situated at the foot of the Olgassys.
Its site was previously located near Kurmalar, Asiatic Turkey. However, view of new studies and epigraphic survey, this site is probably more located at Asar Tepe, near Deresamail village close to Eskipazar.
# Cimiano (Milan Metro)

Cimiano is a station on Line 2 of the Milan Metro. The station is located near the junction between Via Palmanova, Viale Don Luigi Orione, Via Don Giovanni Calabria and Via Pusiano, in the district of Cimiano. The station was opened on 27 September 1969 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2, between Cascina Gobba and Caiazzo.
It is a surface station with a single island platform and has no access for people with physical disabilities.
# Rubén Acosta

Rubén Acosta can refer to:
* Rubén Acosta (footballer) (born 1968), Uruguayan football player
* Rubén Acosta (volleyball) (born 1934), Mexican sports administrator
# Rudolph Snellius

Rudolph Snel van Royen (5 October 1546 – 2 March 1613), Latinized as Rudolphus Snellius, was a Dutch linguist and mathematician who held appointments at the University of Marburg and the University of Leiden. Snellius was an influence on some of the leading political and intellectual forces of the Dutch Golden Age.

## Life

Rudolph Snel van Royen was born on 5 October 1546 in Oudewater. Born to a wealthy family in Episcopal principality of Utrecht while this province was under the dominion of the emperor Charles V, Rudolf Snel grew up in the city of Oudewater.
At maturity he left to study at the University of Cologne under Valentin Naboth and at the University of Heidelberg under Immanuel Tremellius and soon received a teaching position at the University of Marburg. Though trained in Aristotelian logic, he had become impressed with the new logic of Petrus Ramus, which he taught along with mathematics and languages at his university posts.
In 1578, he returned to Oudewater soon after its devastation in a Spanish siege during the Dutch Revolt. It was not long before he was offered, and accepted, a position as professor of Hebrew and mathematics at the University of Leiden. That summer he married Machteld Cornelisdochter, who had survived the Oudewater massacre. She accompanied him to Leiden, where he taught until his death in 1613. He was the father of Willebrord Snellius (1580–1626).
Snellius died on 2 March 1613 and was buried in the Grote kerk in his hometown Oudewater.

## Influence

While visiting Utrecht in 1575, he befriended the young Jacobus Arminius, then an impoverished student in Oudewater who would accompany him back to Marburg to take up his studies. Arminius, too, would return to Leiden to teach, and his theological doctrines would have an effect on the Reformation in Holland and beyond. Another student of Snellius, this time at Leiden, was the child prodigy Hugo Grotius, who would not only become involved in the political battles surrounding Arminius, but would later establish himself as a founding political theorist of the early modern age. Jacob Dircksz de Graeff, who later became burgomaster of Amsterdam, lived in the house of Snellius while he was studying classical language at Leiden.
His son Willebrord was the astronomer and mathematician who gave his name to Snell's law.
# Moturu

Moturu is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Gudivada mandal of Gudivada revenue division. It is one of the villages in the mandal to be a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.
# Jorge Visbal Martelo

Jorge Aníbal Visbal Martelo (born 26 June 1953) is a Colombian politician, livestock and landowner, and convicted criminal.
Visbal Martelo was the president of the Colombian Association of Stockbreeders between 1991 and 2004. He was found guilty of collaboration and conspiracy with paramilitary groups between 1998 and 2005 for the promotion and expansion of this army.

## Ambassador to Canada

On 13 July 2004, President Álvaro Uribe Vélez appointed Visbal as Ambassador of Colombia to Canada. He was sworn in on July 16,

## Senator of Colombia

In late 2005 it was announced that Ambassador Visbal would resign to run for Congress in the 2006 legislative elections, but fail to earn a seat in Congress. In 2007 however, following the death of Senator Luis Guillermo Vélez Trujillo a Party of the U politician, Visbal was selected by the party to replace him in Congress as a Senator of Colombia.

## Ambassador to Peru

He served as ambassador to Peru between 2010 and 2012 by appointment of President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón. He was sworn in on January 21, 2011. In March 2012 he stepped down due to pre-trial detention on charges for conspiracy to commit crimes in association with right-wing paramilitary groups.

## Conviction

Visbal Martelo was found guilty of conspiracy to commit crimes in association with paramilitary groups in June 2018 and sentenced to nine years in prison and a fine.
# Cicuta virosa

Cicuta virosa, the cowbane or northern water hemlock, is a poisonous species of Cicuta, native to northern and central Europe, northern Asia and northwestern North America.

## Description

It is a perennial herbaceous plant which grows up to 1–2 m tall. The stems are smooth, branching, swollen at the base, purple-striped, and hollow except for partitions at the junction of the leaves and stem. In cross section the stems have one flat side and the other sides are rounded. The leaves are alternate, tripinnate, only coarsely toothed, unlike the ferny, lacy leaves found in many other members of the family Apiaceae. The flowers are small, white and clustered in umbrella shaped inflorescences typical of the family. The many flowered umbellets have unequal pedicels that range from 5 to 11 cm long during fruiting. An oily, yellow liquid oozes from cuts to the stems and roots. This liquid has a rank smell resembling that of parsnips or carrots. The plant may be mistaken for parsnip due to its clusters of white tuberous roots.
It grows in wet meadows, along streambanks and other wet and marshy areas.

## History

Scholars dispute whether a hemlock of the genus Cicuta or the genus Conium served in ancient Greece as a state poison, administered as a method of capital punishment. The Greek philosopher Socrates drank a cup of some kind of hemlock infusion at his execution in 399 BC. Cicuta virosa is however primarily a northern European species, rare or absent from the Mediterranean region, making its use in Greece unlikely. See Poison hemlock for more information.
The dose of hemlock used for Greek executions was not always immediately fatal, and sometimes it proved necessary to administer a second cup of the poison.
    ...having drunk all the Hemlock juice, the quantity was found insufficient and the executioner refused to prepare more unless he was paid 12 drachmas.
    —from an account of the execution of Phocion in 318 BC
Considering the extreme toxicity of Cicuta virosa, this passage provides further evidence that it was not the species of hemlock used.
In the past, this plant has had a number of colorful names, including Mackenzie's water hemlock, Beaver-poison, Children's-bane, Snakeweed and Musquash-poison.

## Toxicity

The plant contains cicutoxin, which disrupts the workings of the central nervous system. In humans, cicutoxin rapidly produces symptoms of nausea, emesis and abdominal pain, typically within 60 minutes of ingestion. Poisoning can lead to tremors and seizures. A single bite of the root (which has the highest concentration of cicutoxin) can be sufficient to cause death. In animals the toxic dose and the lethal dose are nearly the same. One gram of water hemlock per kilogram of weight will kill a sheep and 230 grams is sufficient to kill a horse. Due to the rapid onset of symptoms, treatment is usually unsuccessful.

## Fossil record

Cicuta virosa fossil fruit halves are described rare in the Pliocene of Europe but common in the Pleistocene interglacial floras of the East European Plain.
# Moti Tay Dogar

Moti Tay Dogar (Punjabi: موتی تے ڈوگر) is a 1983 Pakistani Punjabi language action film.
Directed by Jahangir Qaisar and produced by Shahid Mir, the film starred Mustafa Qureshi, Sultan Rahi, Mumtaz and Adeeb.

## Cast

* Mustafa Qureshi - (Moti Dogar)
* Sultan Rahi
* Mumtaz
* Zumurrud
* Nazli
* Mazhar Shah
* Sawan
* Sheikh Iqbal
* M. Ajmal
* Afzal Khan
* Adeeb
* Bahar - (Malika-E- Jazbat)

## Track list

The music of the film is by musician Zulfiqar Ali. The lyrics are penned by Saeed Gillani and singers are Noor Jehan, Shaukat Ali.
| # | Title | Singer(s) |
| 1 | "Shadi Kar Kay Sanu Bhul Na Janvin" | Shaukat Ali |
| 2 | "Akh Laday Ee Laday" | Noor Jehan |
| 3 | "Main Pyar Tere Naal" | Noor Jehan |
| 4 | "Rung Khushian De Nal" | Noor Jahan |
# Jorge Soto

Jorge Soto may refer to:
* Jorge Soto (footballer) (born 1971), retired Peruvian footballer
* Jorge Soto (golfer) (1945–2011), Argentine professional golfer
* Jorge Soto (cyclist) (born 1986), Uruguayan road bicycle racer and track cyclist
* Jorge Soto (weightlifter) (1921-1973), Puerto Rican Olympic weightlifter
# Cinta Jangan Pergi

Cinta Jangan Pergi (English: Love Don't Go) is a 2013 Malaysian television series starring Tiz Zaqyah, Remy Ishak and Josiah Hogan. It aired on TV9 from April 6 to June 30, 2013, every Saturday and 20:30 MST.

## Plot

With the sweet agreement of two lovers for life, but who would have thought that in the blink of an eye, destiny has changed everything. Lea Soraya (Tiz Zaqyah) and Kalil (Remy Ishak), two people who have never met, accidentally fall in love on a trip to Paris.
Fate seemed to find them on purpose when they once again went to the same destination to explore the whole of Europe together. At first Lea didn't like the presence of Kalil who seemed like he was trying to get her attention. But after getting to know each other, they began to feel comfortable with each other's presence. The seeds of love began to grow in their hearts after spending happy days together. Their romance continued even after they returned to London.
But who would have thought, in the blink of an eye everything that was planned changed unexpectedly. Two hearts that swore allegiance were separated when an unwanted incident happened to Khalil. The loss of Kalil makes Lea at a loss whether to continue waiting for Kalil or to forget the past and be with Hudd (Josiah Hogan).

## Cast
### Main cast

* Tiz Zaqyah as Lea Soraya
* Remy Ishak as Kalil
* Josiah Hogan as Hud

### Extended cast

* Ramona Zam Zam as Shireen
* Nadiya Nisaa as Elyna
* Bil Azali as Jaydee
* Kartina Ayob as Lily (Lea's mom)
* Aleza Shadan as Nora (Kalil's mom)
* Sheila Mambo as Hasmah (Hud's mom)
* Esma Daniel as Ibrahim (Kalil's dad)
* Faradhiya as Tasha (Kalil's stepmom)
# Rudolf IV, Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim

Rudolf IV, Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim (died 25 June 1348) was a son of Margrave Herman VII of Baden and his wife, Agnes of Truhendingen.
As a younger son, he was initially destined for an ecclesiastical career. He became canon at Speyer. When his father died in 1291, Baden was divided and he received Baden-Pforzheim. Initially, he ruled Baden-Pforzheim jointly with his brother, Herman VIII. From 1300 until his death, he ruled alone.
In the conflict between Duke Leopold I of Austria and Emperor Louis IV, he initially sided with Leopold. After a while he changed sides and sided with Louis IV, who in 1334 mortgaged Ortenburg Castle, the cities of Offenburg, Gengenbach and Zell am Harmersbach and the imperial possessions in the Ortenau area to Rudolf IV.
In 1335, he inherited Baden-Baden from his first cousin Rudolf Hesso.
Rudolf IV died on 25 June 1348. His sons divided the inheritance, with Frederick III taking Baden-Baden and Rudolf V taking Baden-Pforzheim.

## Marriage and issue

Rudolf married on 28 February 1318 with Liutgard of Bolanden (d. 1324/25), a daughter of Philip V of Bolanden. This marriage remained childless.
After Liutgard's death, he married on 18 February 1326 with Maria of Oettingen (d. 10 June 1369), a daughter of Count Frederick I of Oettingen. From this marriage, he had two sons:
* Frederick III (c. 1327 – 2 September 1353), Margrave of Baden-Baden, married with his second cousin Margareta, a daughter of Rudolf Hesso.
* Rudolf V (died: 1361), Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim, married on 26 August 1346 with his second cousin Adelaide of Baden, the other daughter of Rudolf Hesso.
# Mount Herman, North Carolina

Mount Herman is a small unincorporated community in the Westfield Township of northeastern Surry County, North Carolina. Prominent landmarks in the community include Mount Herman United Methodist Church and cemetery.
# Jorunna spongiosa

Jorunna spongiosa is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Discodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Brazil.

## Ecology

Prey of Jorunna spongiosa include sponges Haliclona sp., Callyspongia pallida and Callyspongia sp.
# Jorge Zaffino

Jorge Rubén Zaffino (1959–2002) was a comic book artist born in Argentina.

## Biography

Zaffino spent a lifetime working as an artist in and out of comics. At the age of 16, he began working as an unpaid apprentice at the comics studios of Ricardo and Enrique Villagran in Buenos Aires, where his father had requested that they take him on. Zaffino made himself a recognised name in his country, working many years in important Argentine comics, like Nippur de Lagash.
In the mid-1980s, Zaffino made a trip to the U.S. with Ricardo Villagran, who was working for Comico at the time. On that trip, Zaffino met comics writer Chuck Dixon, and together they produced Winter World, a three part series for Eclipse. They continued to collaborate on comics, producing the seminal Punisher graphic novels Kingdom Gone and Assassin's Guild, and a Savage Sword of Conan story titled The Horned God. During this time, Zaffino worked regularly with comics writer Dan Chichester on various comics, including Critical Mass, and Terror Inc.. He did relatively little work in the U.S. comics industry, where he is mostly known for his art in Punisher, Clive Barker's Hellraiser and The 'Nam for Marvel Comics. Zaffino’s last work in the US was a story written by Dixon for the 1996 Batman Black and White mini series. He continued working for the Argentine comic market, but focused on his work as a painter.
A follow-up to Winter World called Winter Sea was entirely written and drawn for Marvel Comics, but was never published due to changes of Marvel's policy on creator-owned books at the time. A third chapter of the Winter World saga was also planned, titled Winter War. In January 2010, a hardcover edition containing Winter World and Winter Sea was published through IDW Publishing.
Zaffino died on July 12, 2002, at the age of 43 of a heart attack in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
# Mount Buckley

Mount Buckley (84°58′S 163°56′E﻿ / ﻿84.967°S 163.933°E﻿ / -84.967; 163.933) is an ice-free peak, 2,645 metres (8,680 ft) high, which is the central and highest summit of Buckley Island, a mountain massif at the head of Beardmore Glacier. It was discovered by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907–09, and named for George Buckley of New Zealand, a supporter of the expedition.
# Rufous-vented chachalaca

The rufous-vented chachalaca (Ortalis ruficauda) is a member of an ancient group of birds of the family Cracidae, which are related to the Australasian mound builders. It inhabits northeast Colombia and northern Venezuela where it is called guacharaca, and the island of Tobago in Trinidad and Tobago where it is known as the cocrico and is one of the country's two national birds (being featured on the country's coat of arms). It is also found on Bequia and Union Island in the Grenadines where it may have been introduced.

## Habitat

The rufous-vented chachalaca is a largely arboreal species found in forest and woodland, but it is also found in more open dry scrubby areas. This combined with relatively low hunting pressure, make it far less vulnerable than larger members of the family, notably curassows.

## Description

These are medium-sized birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys, with small heads, long strong legs and a long broad tail. They are typically 53–58 cm long; the female weighs 540g and the larger male 640g. They have fairly dull plumage, dark brown above and paler below. The head is grey, and the brown tail is tipped rufous or white depending on race.

## Call

As other chachalacas, the rufous-vented chachalaca is a very noisy species, preferring to execute their vocal feats at dawn. The male's call is a loud low ka-ka-rooki-rooki-ka, answered by the female's high-pitched watch-a-lak, which they often repeat several times in a row, in precise synchronization.

## Breeding and behaviour

The species is a social bird, often seen in family groups. It walks along branches seeking the fruit (such as mangoes, berries and those from the Euterpe palm), leaves and seeds on which it feeds. It is an able flyer that can even take off and fly vertically, but does not usually fly long distances. The twig nest is built low in a tree, and three or four large white eggs are laid. The female incubates them alone.

## Subspecies

There are two subspecies:
* O. r. ruficauda (Jardine, 1847) - northeast Colombia to northern Venezuela, also Tobago and Isla Margarita
* O. r. ruficrissa (Sclater and Salvin, 1870) - northern Colombia and northwest Venezuela
# Rufous-vented laughingthrush

The rufous-vented laughingthrush (Pterorhinus gularis) is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
This species was formerly placed in the genus Garrulax but following the publication of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study in 2018, it was moved to the resurrected genus Pterorhinus.
# Rufous-vented tit

The rufous-vented tit (Periparus rubidiventris) is an Asian songbird species in the tit and chickadee family (Paridae). Some of its subspecies were formerly assigned to its western relative the rufous-naped tit (P. rufonuchalis), or these two were considered entirely conspecific.

## Taxonomy

The tit was formerly placed in the genus Parus. The four subspecies are:
* Periparus rubidiventris rubidiventris – S rim of Himalayas from NW to NE India and N Nepal.
* Periparus rubidiventris beavani (Jerdon, 1863) – Beavan's rufous-vented tit – S rim of Himalayas in NE India and Bhutan.
* Periparus rubidiventris whistleri – SE rim of Himalayas in SW China and adjacent N Myanmar and extreme NE India. Sometimes included in beavani.
* Periparus rubidiventris saramatii – Very localised in NW Myanmar.

## Distribution and habitat

This tit is a native of the western Himalayas, but has a very large range, occurring in parts of Bhutan, China, Pakistan, India, Myanmar and Nepal. Its natural habitats are boreal forests and temperate forests. In Bhutan for example, P. r. beavani is a rather common all-year resident in moist Bhutan fir (Abies densa) forests, between approximately 3,000 and 4,000 meters ASL. Widespread and by no means rare, it is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.

## Footnotes

* ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Periparus rubidiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22711780A94308455. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711780A94308455.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
* ↑ Gill et al. (2005)
* ↑ Bangs (1932)
* ↑ Inskipp et al. (2000), BLI (2008)
# Rufous-vented yuhina

The rufous-vented yuhina (Yuhina occipitalis) is a bird species in the white-eye family Zosteropidae. It is found along the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, primarily in the Eastern Himalayas, and ranges across Bhutan, India, Tibet, Myanmar, and Nepal. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
# Roy Hoskins

A. E. Roy Hoskins (born c. 1900) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Hoskins, a number eight, was born in Sydney and claimed a total of 3 international rugby caps for Australia.