OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Malaveria nebulosa

Malaveria nebulosa is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in northern Venezuela, where it has been recorded only from the slope of the Serranía del Litoral in the Venezuelan Coastal Range. Records from Colombia and Panama are probably based on misidentifications.
The length of the forewings is 19.6–21.5 mm for males and 19.6–21 mm for females. The forewing ground color is brown with the submarginal band dark brown, undulating and extending from the apex towards the tornus, delimiting a slightly darker area. The marginal band is dark brown and extends from the apex towards the tornus. The fringe is grayish brown. The hindwing color is brown with the submarginal band dark brown, undulating and extending from the apex the towards tornus. It is convex in each cell. The marginal band is dark brown and extends from the apex towards the tornus. The postmarginal and tornal areas are pale ocher and the fringe is grayish brown.
# List of number-one albums of 2018 (Poland)

This is a list of number-one albums of 2018 in Poland, per the OLiS chart.

## Chart history

| Issue date | Album | Artist(s) |
| January 4 | Christmas | Michael Bublé |
| January 11 | Bravo Hits: Zima 2018 | Various artists |
| January 18 | Bravo Hits: Zima 2018 | Various artists |
| January 25 | Smooth Jazz Cafe 17 | Various artists |
| February 1 | Smooth Jazz Cafe 17 | Various artists |
| February 8 | Postanawia umrzeć | Bonson |
| February 15 | Empik prezentuje: Best Love Songs | Various artists |
| February 22 | The Greatest Hits | Sławomir |
| March 1 | Wiedza o społeczeństwie | Lao Che |
| March 8 | W drodze po szczęście | O.S.T.R. |
| March 15 | W drodze po szczęście | O.S.T.R. |
| March 22 | W drodze po szczęście | O.S.T.R. |
| March 29 | Ground Zero Mixtape | PRO8L3M |
| April 5 | To tu | KęKę |
| April 12 | To tu | KęKę |
| April 19 | To tu | KęKę |
| April 26 | Soma 0,5 mg | Taconafide |
| May 10 | V8T | Kali and Flvwlxss |
| May 17 | Soma 0,5 mg | Taconafide |
| May 24 | Mołotow | Borixon |
| May 31 | Proverbium | Małach |
| June 7 | Dobrze, że jesteś | Zbigniew Wodecki |
| June 14 | Evolve | Imagine Dragons |
| June 21 | Evil_Things | Guzior |
| June 28 | Mej duszy dziecko | Hinol Polska Wersja |
| July 5 | 1976: A Space Odyssey | Zbigniew Wodecki and Mitch & Mitch |
| July 12 | BOA | ReTo |
| July 19 | Blue & Lonesome | The Rolling Stones |
| July 26 | Café Belga | Taco Hemingway |
| August 2 | Café Belga | Taco Hemingway |
| August 9 | I Will Always Love You: The Best of Whitney Houston | Whitney Houston |
| August 16 | I Will Always Love You: The Best of Whitney Houston | Whitney Houston |
| August 23 | I Will Always Love You: The Best of Whitney Houston | Whitney Houston |
| August 30 | Sweetener | Ariana Grande |
| September 6 | You Want It Darker | Leonard Cohen |
| September 13 | Wszystko co złe | Sarius |
| September 20 | Dreamer | Michał Szpak |
| September 27 | Maleńczuk gra Młynarskiego | Maciej Maleńczuk |
| October 4 | Mini dom | Kortez |
| October 11 | Wasteland | Riverside |
| October 18 | Mutylator | Słoń |
| October 25 | Basta | Nosowska |
| November 1 | Małomiasteczkowy | Dawid Podsiadło |
| November 8 | Małomiasteczkowy | Dawid Podsiadło |
| November 15 | Małomiasteczkowy | Dawid Podsiadło |
| November 22 | Małomiasteczkowy | Dawid Podsiadło |
| November 29 | 1984 | Paweł Domagała |
| December 6 | Trapstar | Young Multi |
| December 13 | Kwiat polskiej młodzieży | Bedoes and Kubi Producent |
| December 20 | Czerwony dywan | Paluch |
# Ponte Girevole

The Ponte Girevole is a swing bridge in Taranto, Italy, spanning the navigation canal between Taranto's Mar Grande and the Mar Piccolo. The bridge connects Borgo Antico (Old Town) island to the Borgo Nuovo (new Town) peninsula. The canal was excavated in 1481 as part of the defenses of Taranto. A steel and wood bridge was first built across the canal in 1886. The present steel bridge was built in 1958. Officially titled the Ponte di San Francesco di Paola, the bridge has two swing spans that pivot near the banks of the canal to meet in the middle of the canal. When open, the halves are parallel to the embankment, leaving the width of the canal clear for passage. The bridge is a Taranto landmark.
The canal is 400 metres (1,300 ft) long and 73 metres (240 ft) wide. The first bridge was hydraulically operated using water stored in the Castello Aragonese. The 1958 replacement was designed by the National Society of Savigliano and built in the former Tosi shipyard in Taranto. It was inaugurated on 10 March 1958 by Italian president Giovanni Gronchi. The new bridge is electrically operated from control stations on each embankment. The sequence of operation requires the Old Town span to open to 45 degrees first, then the New Town span opens 90 degrees, and finally the Old Town span opens to its full 90 degrees.
# Middleton baronets of Leighton Hall (1642)

The Middleton Baronetcy, of Leighton Hall in the County of Lancaster, was created in the Baronetage of England on 24 June 1642 for George Middleton. The title became extinct on his death in 1673.

## Middleton baronets, of Leighton Hall (1642)

* Sir George Middleton, 1st Baronet (1600–1673)
# Ram Sharan

Ram Sharan is a former Fijian politician of Indian descent. From 2001 to 2006, he represented the Macuata East Cakaudrove Indian Communal Constituency, one of 19 reserved for Indo-Fijians, which he held for the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) in the parliamentary elections of 2001 with more than 75 percent of the vote.
In 2003, Sharan was offered the portfolio of Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage, together with 13 other FLP parliamentarians who were offered cabinet positions by the Prime Minister, Laisenia Qarase but the FLP refused to accept this offer.
He retired from politics at the general election held on 6–13 May 2006.
# Megachile gilbertiella

Megachile gilbertiella is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1910.
# My Life with Stars and Stripes

My Life with Stars and Stripes is a 2003 film directed by and starring Massimo Ceccherini, released in Italian cinemas on October 31, 2003.

## Plot

The placid life of Lando (Massimo Ceccherini), tuscan peasant is shocked by the sudden return of an aunt, who emigrated to the United States thirty years before, became a fat irreducible by appetite. She is accompanied by her husband, an ex-marine crazy, Vietnam veteran, who knows by memory Apocalypse Now and gets up every morning at five, by his grandson, a nuisance affected by the mania of video games and, fortunately, even the shapely daughter (Victoria Silvestedt) who intriguing Lando. The American guests don't renounce to their habits: jogging; Halloween party, military march at 5 a.m., roast turkey for the Thanksgiving holiday, etc.. Lando, having reached the limit of endurance, it explodes and releases everything, but eventually the appeal of United States involves too.
# Karl Lous

Karl Henrik Lous (14 April 1847 – 10 October 1928) was a Norwegian barrister.

## Personal life

Lous was born in Christiania to Johan Christian Vogelsang Lous and Charlotte Sofie née Maschmann. He was married to Karoline Mathilde Zetlitz from 1874. He was the father of astronomer Kristian Lous, and of barrister and businessperson Georg Lous.

## Career

Lous graduated as cand.jur. in 1870, and was barrister with access to work with the Supreme Court from 1874. He served as Attorney General of Norway from 1904 to 1916. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1890.
# Primary and secondary antibodies

Primary and secondary antibodies are two groups of antibodies that are classified based on whether they bind to antigens or proteins directly or target another (primary) antibody that, in turn, is bound to an antigen or protein.

## Primary

A primary antibody can be very useful for the detection of biomarkers for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease and they are used for the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and multi-drug resistance (MDR) of therapeutic agents.

## Secondary

Secondary antibodies provide signal detection and amplification along with extending the utility of an antibody through conjugation to proteins. Secondary antibodies are especially efficient in immunolabeling. Secondary antibodies bind to primary antibodies, which are directly bound to the target antigen(s). In immunolabeling, the primary antibody's Fab domain binds to an antigen and exposes its Fc domain to secondary antibody. Then, the secondary antibody's Fab domain binds to the primary antibody's Fc domain. Since the Fc domain is constant within the same animal class, only one type of secondary antibody is required to bind to many types of primary antibodies. This reduces the cost by labeling only one type of secondary antibody, rather than labeling various types of primary antibodies. Secondary antibodies help increase sensitivity and signal amplification due to multiple secondary antibodies binding to a primary antibody.
Whole Immunoglobulin molecule secondary antibodies are the most commonly used format, but these can be enzymatically processed to enable assay refinement. F(ab')$_2$ fragments are generated by pepsin digestion to remove most of the Fc fragment, this avoids recognition by Fc receptors on live cells, or to Protein A or Protein G. Papain digestion generates Fab fragments, which removes the entire Fc fragment including the hinge region, yielding two monovalent Fab moieties. They can be used to block endogenous immunoglobulins on cells, tissues or other surfaces, and to block the exposed immunoglobulins in multiple labeling experiments using primary antibodies from the same species.

### Applications

Secondary antibodies can be conjugated to enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or alkaline phosphatase (AP); or fluorescent dyes such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), rhodamine derivatives, Alexa Fluor dyes; or other molecules to be used in various applications. Secondary antibodies are used in many biochemical assays including:
* ELISA, including many HIV tests
* Western blot
* Immunostaining
* Immunohistochemistry
* Immunocytochemistry
# List of Emmerdale Farm characters introduced in 1978–1979

The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the British soap opera Emmerdale in 1978 and 1979, by order of first appearance.

## Meg Armstrong

Meg Armstrong is the wife of Seth Armstrong and mother of his sons, Jimmy and Fred. She appeared periodically from 1979 to 1986.
Meg is first seen when her eldest son Jimmy and his fiancé come to stay with them after years living away from home. Meg is happy to see her son despite differences between Jimmy and his parents. Meg is initially portrayed as a downtrodden housewife but in her later appearances she is a highly religious woman, who Seth finds hard to live with. His nickname for her is "poppet". She gets a job as cleaner at The Woolpack pub and accidentally breaks Henry Wilks' favourite pipe. Henry and Amos Brearly decide to fire her but she resigns from her job before they can do so. This is Meg's last onscreen appearance. But she is mentioned several times by Seth over the following years.
Meg dies in February 1993, of a possible stroke, and Seth finds it hard to cope. The villagers help him out with the housework to try to make it easier for him.

## Bob Jerome

Bob Jerome is a vicar. He was portrayed by Richard Howard in 20 episodes from 1979 to 1981.
# Mija Knežević

Mija Knežević is Montenegrin fashion celebrity and online brand management expert. Knezevic is one of the leading trendsetters in Eastern Europe today and has been featured in the Financial Times, Vogue, Elle, L’Officiel, Marie Claire, Cosmopolitan, W Magazine, Grazia, Style.com, WWD, Harper's Baazar, Refinery 29, The Cut and others.
Knezevic graduated high school from Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland. In 2012, she obtained her Master's degree from New York University, where she studied Media and Culture.

## Career

Knezevic is known for her talent in helping emerging brands as well as her individual style. Knezevic has worked with brands such as Burberry, Tiffany & Co; Yoox Group, Tod’s, Belstaff, Gorgio Armani, Ferrgamo, Farm Rio, Patou, Baum und pferdgarten, Mietis, Stand Studio, Emilio Pucci, Sunnei, Wandler, Plan C, Proenza Schouler, W Magazine, Tory Burch and Marina Abramovic Institute.
# Ivan Despot

Ivan Despot O. F. M. (Zaostrog, 1851 – Split, 1886) was a Croatian theologian, priest, translator, writer and poet.

## Life

Ivan was the son of Mate Despot (1812 - 1895) and Kata Matutinović (1822 - 1855) born in Zaostrog. He learned to read and write at the Franciscan monastery of St. Mary consequently joining the seminary in Sinj. He later took theological studies in Šibenik and Makarska (1869–74). After being ordained a priest he became a professor of philosophy and later a parish priest in Sumartin on the island Brač. He translated many Latin, Italian, French literary works from to Croatian. He wrote poems, short-stories, novels, literary criticism as well as political and historical articles. From 1872 he published in many magazines of the time such as Dragoljub, Glas Hercegovca, Hrvatska, Hrvatska vila, Hrvatski dom, Iskra, Katolički list, La Dalmazia cattolica — Katolička Dalmacija, Nada, Narod, Narodni list, Narodni koledar, Obzor, Slava preporoditeljem, Slovinac, Sriemski Hrvat i Vienac. His literary correspondence included Stanko Vraz, August Šenoa, Franjo Marković and others.
After having died at the young age of 34 from tuberculosis he was buried in the Franciscan monastery of St. Mary in Zaostrog. His bust was made by the famous sculptor Ivan Rendić.
His nephew was Ilija Despot, an author and poet.
# Detern

Detern is a municipality in the district of Leer, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
The Battle of Detern was fought here in 1426.
# MGM-157 EFOGM

The Raytheon MGM-157 EFOGM (Enhanced Fiber Optic Guided Missile) was a long-range enhanced fiber optic guided missile developed for the U.S. Army during the 1980s and 1990s to test the use of fiber optics in missiles. The missile was launched vertically and manually controlled by an operator on the ground by use of a television camera mounted on the nose. The signals from the camera were carried via a thin wire that unspooled the further up the missile reached. The weapon was primarily designed for anti-tank use, or against low flying helicopters.
# Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea

The Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) is an agreement reached at the 2014 Western Pacific Naval Symposium to reduce the chance of an incident at sea between the countries in the agreement, and — in the event that one occurs — to prevent it from escalating. Twenty one countries have joined the agreement, including Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, France, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Tonga, the United States and Vietnam. Taiwan, a non-signatory state also reportedly implements the agreement.
CUES had been proposed a decade earlier, but China opposed earlier versions, because of references to potential legal standing.

## History

In December 2014, the People's Liberation Army Navy and the United States Navy practiced CUES during an anti-piracy exercise in the Gulf of Aden.
During her 2015 deployment to the South China Sea, USS Fort Worth encountered several warships of the People's Liberation Army Navy, putting the new CUES rules into practice in a "professional" manner.

## Provisions

CUES is an agreement, but it is not legally binding.
Erik French of the Center for Strategic and International Studies has said that the voluntary nature of CUES and its limitation to purely military naval forces limit its usefulness in the Asia Pacific region.
The agreement discourages aviators from making "unfriendly physical gestures" towards one another.
# Maurice Roatin

Maurice Roatin was mayor of Poitiers in France, from 1594 to 1595.
# Bourrelet

A bourrelet is a portion of an elongated artillery projectile that is used in conjunction with the projectile's driving band, or rotating band, to stabilize its launch by keeping the fore part of the projectile precisely aligned with the gun barrel.

## Details

The bourrelet has a diameter very slightly smaller than the interior diameter of the barrel through which that projectile is to be propelled. It is typically precisely machined to a specified diameter after the remainder of the cast projectile body has been roughly machined to a smaller diameter. The bourrelet is normally forward of a rotating band or driving band near the aft end of the projectile. The driving band is customarily made of a softer metal than the remainder of the artillery projectile and of a larger diameter than the bourrelet to seal the barrel and be engraved by the rifling to spin-stabilize the projectile in flight. The bourrelet is not engraved by the rifling, but is supported by the lands between the rifling to align the long axis of the projectile with the axis of the artillery bore.
The bourrelet bearing surface generally has a longitudinal width of about one-sixth caliber machined with a smooth surface to reduce friction wear of the rifling lands. If the bourrelet diameter is not a close fit, the in-bore yaw angle will affect the stability of a projectile during flight. However, excessive pressures may be generated within an artillery barrel attempting to fire a cast steel projectile with a bourrelet diameter lacking clearance to pass irregularities within the artillery barrel. The distance between the bourrelet and the rotating or driving band is typically at least one bore diameter to prevent wobbling, and greater distances reduce perpendicular force required for equivalent alignment. The United States Navy typically specified a bourrelet diameter 0.015 in (0.38 mm) smaller than nominal land diameter with a minus manufacturing tolerance so the average clearance was about 0.012 in (0.30 mm) to compensate for thermal expansion firing a projectile from a warm magazine through a cold barrel and to clear copper fouling from the driving bands of previously fired projectiles. Clearance was greater in barrels heated or eroded by firing numerous projectiles, but no appreciable increase of dispersion was anticipated for clearances less than 0.05 in (1.3 mm).
In the case of a sub-caliber projectile, such as an armor-piercing round, a sabot surrounds the sub-caliber portion, with driving bands at the rear and the bourrelet supporting the front, aligning the armor-piercing portion with the center of the barrel of the gun.
# New Durham Township, LaPorte County, Indiana

New Durham Township is one of twenty-one townships in LaPorte County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 8,105 (down from 8,664 at 2010) and it contained 2,351 housing units.

## History

An early settler being a native of Durham, New York, caused the name to be selected.
The Pinhook Methodist Church and Cemetery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.06 square miles (93.4 km$^2$), of which 35.96 square miles (93.1 km$^2$) (or 99.72%) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (or 0.28%) is water.

## Education

New Durham Township is served by the Westville-New Durham Township Public Library. Township residents may also request a free library card from any La Porte County Public Library branch.
# Melanolagus

Melanolagus bericoides (the bigscale deep-sea smelt) is a species of deep-sea smelt, found in oceans such as the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific. It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical oceans to a depth of 1,700 m (5,600 ft), and the species grows to a length of 20 cm (7.9 in). Its original name is Scopelus bericoides Borodin 1929 and it belongs to the family Melanolagus Kobyliansky, 1986.
# Mijaci

Mijaci may refer to:
* Mijači, village in Croatia
* Mijaks, ethnographic group in the Republic of Macedonia
# Cabo de Santa Maria

Cabo de Santa Maria may refer to:
* Cabo de Santa Maria (Cape Verde), a cape in Cape Verde
* Cabo de Santa Maria (Faro), the southernmost point of mainland Portugal
* Cabo de Santa Maria (Angola)
# LZS

LZS may refer to:
* Latvijas Zemnieku savienība, a political party in Latvia
* Lempel–Ziv–Stac, a lossless data compression algorithm
* Leutnant zur See, a rank in the German Navy
* Ludowe Zespoły Sportowe, a union of Polish sport clubs
# Lysipomia laricina

Lysipomia laricina is a species of plant in the family Campanulaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.
# Musweiler

Musweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Geography
### Location

The municipality lies in the Eifel. The nearest large town is the district seat, Wittlich, some 6 km to the east. Musweiler belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Wittlich-Land.

### Neighbouring municipalities

Musweiler borders in the north on Großlittgen, in the east on Minderlittgen and Hupperath and in the south on Landscheid.

## History

Musweiler’s moated castle was an Electoral-Trier fief held by the Lords of Manderscheid, who for a time further enfeoffed the Lords of Esch with their holding. Beginning in 1794, Musweiler lay under French rule. In 1814 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1947, it has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Politics
### Municipal council

The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

### Coat of arms

The municipality’s arms might be described thus: Argent on a mount in base vert a tower embattled on each of two floors gules between a spade and tongs, both palewise and azure.

## Economy and infrastructure

To the south runs Bundesstraße 60. In Wittlich is a railway station on the Koblenz-Trier railway line.
# Malapterurus microstoma

Malapterurus microstoma, the smallmouth electric catfish, is a species of electric catfish native to the Congo River basin of Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo. This species grows to a length of 55.5 centimetres (21.9 in) SL. This fish can be found in the aquarium trade. It is illegal to possess any species of electric catfish for personal or commercial use in Florida.
# John Hetherington (mayor)

John William Hetherington (1860 – 17 July 1929) was a miner and politician in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He was Mayor of Brisbane in 1910 and 1916-1917.
He was born in Brancepath, Durham, North England in 1860. He married Amelia Phillips and they had three sons and a daughter. In 1906 he was elected a member of the Brisbane City Council for Kangaroo Point, and he was three times Mayor of Brisbane, being appointed by the Governor-in-Council in 1910, and by his fellow aldermen in 1916 and 1917.
He was very involved in the mining industry: as a coal miner, coal merchant, inventor of safety equipment and in opening new coalfields.
# Penn Township, Guthrie County, Iowa

Penn Township is a township in Guthrie County, Iowa, United States.