OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# El Salto, Durango

El Salto is a city and seat of the municipality of Pueblo Nuevo in the southwestern part of the Mexican state of Durango. In 2015, the town had a total population of 24,241, Situated on a pine-forested plateau about 2,580 meters (8,464 feet) above sea level in the Sierra Madre mountain range, the town is home to a large lumber industry. It also has a military base. The surrounding municipality has a population of 50,417 and an area of 6,178.3 km² (2,385.45 sq mi).

## Geography
### Climate

El Salto has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb). Thanks to its location in the high plateau of the Sierra Madre Occidental it receives abundant rain during the summer months; enough for it to avoid the semi-arid (BSk) classification found further inland. Due to its location the town experiences mild but rainy summers, and relatively dry and chilly winters with freezing night temperatures. Winter months witness the occasional snow storm.
Climate data for El Salto (1951-2010), (altitude 2,538 metres or 8,327 feet) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) | 30.0 (86.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 30.0 (86.0) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.0 (89.6) | 30.0 (86.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.0 (80.6) | 25.0 (77.0) | 33.0 (91.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.8 (67.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.6 (72.7) | 21.9 (71.4) | 21.3 (70.3) | 19.4 (66.9) | 16.9 (62.4) | 20.8 (69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) | 6.8 (44.2) | 8.4 (47.1) | 10.5 (50.9) | 13.2 (55.8) | 16.0 (60.8) | 16.1 (61.0) | 15.7 (60.3) | 15.0 (59.0) | 12.1 (53.8) | 8.9 (48.0) | 6.8 (44.2) | 11.3 (52.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.4 (24.1) | −4.0 (24.8) | −3.1 (26.4) | −0.9 (30.4) | 2.0 (35.6) | 6.7 (44.1) | 9.1 (48.4) | 8.9 (48.0) | 8.0 (46.4) | 2.9 (37.2) | −1.5 (29.3) | −3.3 (26.1) | 1.7 (35.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.0 (6.8) | −14.0 (6.8) | −13.0 (8.6) | −12.0 (10.4) | −10.0 (14.0) | −6.0 (21.2) | 1.0 (33.8) | 2.0 (35.6) | −1.0 (30.2) | −7.0 (19.4) | −10.0 (14.0) | −14.0 (6.8) | −14.0 (6.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 64.9 (2.56) | 19.2 (0.76) | 13.9 (0.55) | 15.9 (0.63) | 36.5 (1.44) | 155.9 (6.14) | 222.9 (8.78) | 189.4 (7.46) | 136.2 (5.36) | 68.8 (2.71) | 43.5 (1.71) | 52.0 (2.05) | 1,019.1 (40.15) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.1 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 15.1 | 22.4 | 21.0 | 14.6 | 6.6 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 99.7 |
| Source: Servicio Meteorológico National ||||||||||||||
# Denudation (medicine)

In medicine, denudation refers to the loss of surface layers, such as the epithelium. Denudation coupled with peeling and cracking of skin gives rise to a "crazy pavement dermatosis" pattern seen in Kwashiorkor or Kwashiorkor-Marasmus complex.
In occupational asthma, the denudation of the bronchial mucosa can occur in the setting of nonimmunologic exposures (i.e., chemical spill, chlorine, ammonia), causing irritation.
Clostridioides difficile is known to cause formation of pseudomembranes in the intestines that is formed by denuded epithelium, neutrophilic infiltrate, fibrin, and bacteria due to the effects of its toxins: Toxin A (TcdA) and Toxin B (TcdB), which disrupt cellular cytoskeletons and tight junctions leading to cell death.
# Letní stadion

Letní stadion (Czech for Summer stadium) may refer to any of the following football stadiums in the Czech Republic:
* Letní stadion, Chomutov
* Letní stadion, Pardubice
* Fotbalový stadion Josefa Masopusta, formerly known as Letní stadion, in Most
* Letní stadion, Kopřivnice, multi purpose stadium in Kopřivnice
# Dahipagar

Dahipagar (Dahipagar), also spelled Dahi Pagar, is a village in Kuraoli block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 389, in 59 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Dahipagar had a population of 389, in 59 households.$^{:91}$ This population was 54.8% male (213) and 45.2% female (176). The 0-6 age group numbered 54 (33 male and 21 female), or 13.9% of the total population. 56 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 14.4% of the total.$^{:76–7}$
The 1981 census recorded Dahipagar as having a population of 288 people, in 50 households.$^{:134–5}$
The 1961 census recorded Dahipagar as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 234 people (136 male and 98 female), in 40 households and 32 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 315 acres.$^{:lxxiv}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Dahipagar did not have any schools or healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of kachcha materials.$^{:91–6}$
# Queensferry, Victoria

Queensferry is a locality located in Bass Coast Shire in Victoria, Australia.

## History

In the 19th century, Queensferry was an important port town connecting Western Gippsland to Melbourne and the other side of Westernport Bay, used for passenger transport and freight, especially timber from the Bass Hills. At this point, Queensferry contained hotels, three public halls, a general store and a licensed Colonial Wine Saloon, as well as houses. The town went into decline when the Wonthaggi railway line opened in 1910, as the line could be used instead of ships to transport timber. Six residents stayed in the town, but were driven out in the late 1920s by a flood caused by an abnormally high tide. Houses were flooded and the land was saturated with salt water, causing it to become useless for several years.
# Kivimäki Cabinet

Toivo Kivimäki's cabinet was the 20th government of the Republic of Finland. Cabinet's time period was from December 14, 1932 to October 10, 1936. It was Minority government. Many of the neutral ministers were members of the National Coalition Party without formal support of the party. Cabinet fell in 1936 by the interpellation of the opposition after its bill to reinstate the capital punishment had failed to pass. Kivimäki's cabinet was the longest government in Finland until 1987 Kalevi Sorsa's fourth cabinet.
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Prime Minister | Toivo Kivimäki | December 14, 1932 | October 10, 1936 | National Progressive |
| Minister for Foreign Affairs | Antti Hackzell | December 14, 1932 | October 10, 1936 | Independent |
| Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs | Rolf Witting | December 14, 1932 | October 10, 1936 | RKP |
| Minister of Justice | Hugo Malmberg | December 14, 1932 | February 27, 1933 | RKP |
| Minister of Justice | Eric J. Serlachius | February 27, 1933 | February 28, 1936 | RKP |
| Minister of Justice | Emil Jatkola | March 6, 1936 | October 7, 1936 | National Progressive |
| Minister of Defence | Arvi Oksala | December 14, 1932 | October 10, 1936 | Independent |
| Minister of the Interior | Yrjö Puhakka | December 14, 1932 | October 10, 1936 | Independent |
| Minister of Finance | Hugo Relander | March 21, 1931 | December 14, 1932 | Independent |
| Deputy Minister of Finance | Ragnar Furuhjelm | December 14, 1932 | April 21, 1933 | RKP |
| Deputy Minister of Finance | Rolf Witting | April 21, 1933 | February 28, 1936 | RKP |
| Deputy Minister of Finance | Tyko Reinikka | March 6, 1936 | October 7, 1936 | Agrarian |
| Minister of Education | Oskari Mantere | March 21, 1931 | December 14, 1932 | National Progressive |
| Minister of Agriculture | Kalle Jutila | December 14, 1932 | October 25, 1936 | Agrarian |
| Minister of Agriculture | Eemil Linna | September 25, 1936 | October 7, 1936 | National Progressive |
| Deputy Minister of Agriculture | Eemil Linna | March 21, 1931 | December 14, 1932 | Agrarian |
| Minister of Transport and Public Works | Eemil Linna | December 14, 1932 | September 25, 1936 | National Progressive |
| Minister of Transport and Public Works | Erik Koskenmaa | September 25, 1936 | August 7, 1936 | Independent |
| Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works | Erik Koskenmaa | December 14, 1932 | October 10, 1936 | Independent |
| Minister of Trade and Industry | Ilmari Killinen | December 30, 1932 | March 6, 1936 | National Progressive |
| Minister of Trade and Industry | Väinö Arola | March 6, 1936 | October 7, 1936 | Agrarian |
| Minister of Social Affairs | Eemil Hynninen | December 14, 1932 | December 31, 1935 | Agrarian |
| Minister of Social Affairs | Bruno Sarlin | December 31, 1935 | October 7, 1936 | National Progressive |
# Margaret Lawder

Margaret Lawder (1899-1982), born Margaret Lawder Wilkinson, was a British and South African botanist known for her conservation work. She was daughter of Charles Ernest Orde Wilkinson and Edith Mary Lawder. In 1922, at the age of 22, she emigrated from Ireland to the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, as a social worker. Margaret first married Eric Stephen Dumsday on 20 April 1926, having two daughters and a son; later divorcing in 1952.
Secondly she married Commander Edward Francis Lawder R.N., as his third wife, and they became official plant collectors for the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden in Cape Town. Edward took pictures of the flowers and Margaret wrote the descriptions of them.
They contributed articles to the Journal of the Botanical Society both before and after it became Veld & Flora. They also contributed articles about Cape plants to other South African and international journals. Margaret had a regular gardening column in the Cape Times newspaper and the magazine, Farmers Weekly. She was responsible for the slogan "Conservation through Cultivation".
Margaret Lawder bought Leliefontein farm in the Klein Drakenstein area in 1946. She introduced the cultivation of Watsonia marginata, a plant endemic to Leliefontein farm.
She was one of the founding members of the Paarl Beautifying Society in 1931 when the area was overrun with alien vegetation. They established an indigenous garden in a section of the Paarl Mountain Nature Reserve, known as Meulwater Wild Flower Reserve. She was also a founding member and the first president of the Country Garden Club in the Paarl district, which post she held for seven years.
Margaret was also involved in the foundation of Maitland Cottage Homes. This organisation cares for children who have to spend months in plaster casts, but who cannot stay at home. She was also involved in the first birth control clinic in the Cape Peninsula.
She was actively involved in botany until her death in 1982.
# Pécs TV Tower

The Pécs TV Tower is a television tower in Pécs, Hungary, standing on the Misina peak of Mecsek (535 meters), measuring 197 metres, the tallest building in Hungary, with a publicly accessible observation deck at a height of 75 metres, and a restaurant at 72 metres. The tower was built from 1968 to 1973. There is a dinosaur exhibition at the restaurant level, with two life-sized dinosaur mock-ups, depicting the once native Komlosaurus.
# Middlebrooks

Middlebrooks is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* C. Edward Middlebrooks (born 1955), American politician from Maryland
* Donald M. Middlebrooks (born 1946), United States District Court judge
* Donald Ray Middlebrooks (born 1962), American death row inmate convicted of the murder of Kerrick Majors
* David Lycurgus Middlebrooks, Jr. (born 1926), United States federal judge
* Felicia Middlebrooks (born 1957), American radio news broadcaster
* Levy Middlebrooks (born 1966), American basketball player
* Will Middlebrooks (born 1988), American professional baseball player
* Willie Middlebrooks (born 1979), American gridiron football player
* Windell Middlebrooks (1979–2015), American actor and singer

## Fictional character

* Craig Middlebrooks, from the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation
# Elaiomycin

Elaiomycin is an antimicrobial chemical compound, classified as an conjugated azoxyalkene, which was first isolated from Streptomyces in 1954. A laboratory synthesis of elaiomycin was reported in 1977.
A variety related compounds, collectively called elaiomycins, have also been reported.
# Department of the Treasury

Department of (the) Treasury or Treasury Department may refer to:
* Department of the Treasury (Australia)
** Department of Treasury and Finance (South Australia)
** Department of Treasury and Finance (Victoria)
** Department of Treasury (Western Australia)
* Department of the Treasury (Isle of Man)
* Puerto Rico Department of Treasury
* United States Department of the Treasury
Many of the States of the United States, the States of Australia, Provinces of Canada, and other political subdivisions also have a Department of the Treasury.
# List of members of the Greenland Provincial Council, 1951–60

The first Provincial Council to be elected by direct suffrage was elected on 29 June 1951 (excepting Upernavik on account of snow and Nanortalik on account of the island's first measles outbreak) and opened on 25 September 1951. It was the first Greenlandic election to permit female suffrage. During the first election season, there were no parties but some cliques formed among economic groups; all told, turnout was about 6,400 from an eligible population of about 8,750.
| Constituency | Name | Occupation |
| Nanortalik | Jacob Nielsen | outpost manager |
| Julianehåb | Frederik Nielsen | schoolmaster |
| Frederikshåb | Gerhard Egede | clergyman |
| Narssaq | Abel Kristiansen | catechist |
| Godthåb | Augo Lynge | schoolmaster |
| Sukkertoppen | Peter Egede | outpost manager |
| Holsteinsborg | Knud Olsen | shop assistant |
| Kangatsiaq | Nikolai Rosing | outpost manager |
| Egedesminde | Frederik Lynge | ex-colony manager |
| Disko Bugt (Christianshåb & Jakobshavn) | Marius Sivertsen | trade assistant |
| Disko (Godhavn & Qutdligssat) | Jens Olsen | clergyman |
| Umanaq | Peter Fleischer | outpost manager |
| Upernavik | Hendrik Olsen | trade assistant |
All were native-born Greenlanders and employees of the Greenland Administration. They selected Augo Lynge and Frederik Nielson to represent Greenland in the Danish Parliament and Frederik Lynge to represent it on the board of the Royal Greenland Trading Department.
# Nidularium innocentii

Nidularium innocentii is a species of bromeliad in the genus Nidularium.
This species is endemic to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion of southeastern Brazil.

## Cultivars

Cultivars used as ornamental plants include:
* Nidularium 'Alwyn Gentry'
* Nidularium 'Blue Lines'
* Nidularium 'Chantrieri'
* Nidularium 'Digeneum'
* Nidularium 'Krakatoa'
* Nidularium 'Madame Robert Morobe'
* Nidularium 'Maureanum'
* Nidularium 'Orange Innocent'
* Nidularium 'Red Queen'
* × Nidumea 'Chantrieri'
* × Nidumea 'Midnight'
* × Nidumea 'Penumbra'
* × Nidumea 'Superstar'
* × Niduregelia 'Chantrieri'
* × Niduregelia 'Midnight'
* × Ortholarium 'Hades'
# Burnt Island

Burnt Island or Burnt Islands may refer to:

## Canada

* Burnt Island, Ontario, community on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron
* Burnt Islands, Newfoundland and Labrador, community on the island of Newfoundland, Canada

## United Kingdom

* Burnt Island, Bermuda, located in Paget Parish
* Burnt Island, Isles of Scilly, Cornwall
* Burnt Islands, group of three islands in the Kyles of Bute, Scotland
# Jedovnice

Jedovnice is a market town in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,000 inhabitants.

## Geography

Jedovnice is located about 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Blansko and 16 km (10 mi) northeast of Brno. It lies in the Drahany Highlands. A small western part of the municipal territory lies in the Moravian Karst Protected Landscape Area. The eastern part of the territory comprises the Rakovec Nature Reserve.
Jedovnice lies on the stream Jedovnický potok with a set of fishponds. The largest of the ponds is Olšovec, which borders the built-up area. The pond was first mentioned in 1371. It has an area of 42 hectares (100 acres) and the length of the dam is 641 metres (2,103 ft). It is a major recreation centre.

## History

The first written mention of Jedovnice is from 1251. In 1335, the settlement was promoted to a market town. The most important owners of the estate were the Salm family, who acquired Jedovnice in 1743. The founded hammer mills here and contributed to the development of Jedovnice. They owned the market town until the establishment of an independent municipality in 1848.
In the first half of the 20th century, Jedovnice became a popular holiday destination.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,540 | — |
| 1880 | 1,448 | −6.0% |
| 1890 | 1,483 | +2.4% |
| 1900 | 1,731 | +16.7% |
| 1910 | 1,933 | +11.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,831 | −5.3% |
| 1930 | 1,742 | −4.9% |
| 1950 | 1,760 | +1.0% |
| 1961 | 1,857 | +5.5% |
| 1970 | 1,930 | +3.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 2,177 | +12.8% |
| 1991 | 2,440 | +12.1% |
| 2001 | 2,487 | +1.9% |
| 2011 | 2,748 | +10.5% |
| 2021 | 2,746 | −0.1% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Culture

In 2018 it was the venue for the Linux Bier Wanderung.

## Sights

The main landmark of Jedovnice is the Church of Saints Peter and Paul. It was built in the current Baroque form in 1783–1785 by extension and reconstruction of the original Gothic building. It is remarkable for the modern interior made by Mikuláš Medek, Jan Koblasa, Josef Istler, Karel Nepraš and Ludvík Kolek in 1963–1976.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Jedovnice is twinned with:
* Aschheim, Germany
# Noise-equivalent temperature

Noise-equivalent temperature (NET) is a measure of the sensitivity of a detector of thermal radiation in the infrared, terahertz or microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is the amount of incident signal temperature that would be needed to match the internal noise of the detector such that the signal-to-noise ratio is equal to one. Often the spectrum of the NET is reported as a temperature per root bandwidth. A detector that measures power is often interested in the analogous noise-equivalent power (NEP). If a relation between intensity and temperature is well defined over the passband, as in the case of a blackbody, then the NET simply scales with the NEP.
If a detector is limited by either shot noise or Johnson noise then the NET can be decreased by using an increased integration time. The NET of flicker noise limited detectors can not be reduced by increased integration time.
Typically uncooled bolometric detectors have NET figures of 30-200 mK. Cooled photon detecting infrared detectors using materials such as HgCdTe (LWIR or MWIR) or InSb (MWIR) can approach a NET figure of 10 mK. In the microwave radiation region NET values are typically several hundred millikelvins to several kelvins.
For a particular mean signal temperature there is a fundamental limit to NET given by the natural thermodynamic fluctuations of the photon flux from the source under investigation.
# Brooks Act

The Brooks Act, also known as the Selection of Architects and Engineers statute is a United States federal law passed in 1972 that requires that the U.S. Federal Government select engineering and architecture firms based upon their competency, qualifications and experience rather than by price.

## Method

The method described would be to evaluate all possible candidates and narrow them down to the three best choices. Then the selection process would commence negotiations with the firm deemed most qualified. If the State and firm are unable to agree on a fair and equitable price for their services, the State would then cease talks with that firm and move to the firm deemed second most qualified. If the State would be unable to agree with that firm, they would move to the third in a similar fashion. If the State is unable to agree on a price with that firm, they would be required to open up their selection criteria to more firms.

## Still potential for selection based on price

While the intent is for the State to select the firm that is most qualified and should produce the best results as a result of this fact, there remains the potential to still make a selection based upon price. If you cannot reach a "Fair & Reasonable Price" vs. your estimate, you move on to the next best technical proposal.
# Lord of Terror

Lord of Terror may refer to:
* Lord of Terror (Oh My Goddess!), a character in Oh My Goddess!
* Lord of Terror (album), an album by Lord Infamous
* Angol Mois, a fictional character also known as the Lord of Terror in the manga Sgt. Frog
* Lord of Terror Baal, a boss in the Disgaea series of video games
# Dendryphantes aethiopicus

Dendryphantes aethiopicus is a jumping spider species that lives in Ethiopia. It was first described in 2008.
# Notiophilus directus

Notiophilus directus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.
# Nidularium kautskyanum

Nidularium kautskyanum is a plant species in the genus Nidularium. This species is endemic to Brazil.
# Burnt Hills

The Burnt Hills are a mountain range in Santa Clara County, California.
# Jedok geom

Jedok geom (Korean: 제독검) or Admiral sword or Commander sword is a sword-skill originating from China and used during the Japanese invasions of Korea during the 16th century.
The techniques required the use of both a sharp sword and a waist sword. The Chinese used straight-bladed swords (jikdo) with a single edge for slashing and a double-edged sword (geom) for stabbing. The techniques, with 14 basic stances, were first published in the Muyesinbo, a martial arts manual from the Joseon Dynasty.
# José del Pozo

José del Pozo (c. 1757, Seville - c. 1821, Lima) was a Spanish painter; known primarily for his participation in the Malaspina Expedition. He spent most of his career in Peru. Some sources give his year of death as 1830.

## Life and work

His father was the painter Pedro del Pozo (died 1785), who was appointed Director of the Real Escuela de Tres Nobles Artes in 1775. His original studies were at that institution and, ten years later, upon his father's death, José was chosen to succeed him, with reduced responsibilities.
Malaspina Expedition In 1789, Alessandro Malaspina, before departing from Cádiz, asked Francisco de Bruna [es], a member of the Council of Castile, to find a young painter would could accompany him on the expedition. De Bruna had been a friend of José's father, so he recommended him. The expedition's first stop was at Montevideo, where the artists produced drawings of the plant and animal species. Two (of plants) are signed by him and are currently preserved at the Museo Naval de Madrid. They also possess two of his watercolors, depicting Puerto Deseado; the first paintings made in Argentina.
He produced numerous drawings of landscapes and people in Patagonia, and several portraits of indigenous people were later sent to King Carlos IV from Callao. By 1790, they had reached the port of Talcahuano, then went on to Concepción, Valparaíso and Santiago.
Lima Despite the support of Malaspina, he was dismissed from the expedition before it left Callao. No reason has ever been ascertained. However, the new Viceroy of Peru, Francisco Gil de Taboada, was an acquaintance of his, so he decided to stay in Lima rather than return to Spain. Soon, he founded an art school and devoted himself to painting portraits of prominent people, as well as creating some religious works. He died there, sometime around 1821, but certainly before 1830; possibly from causes related to the Peruvian War of Independence.