OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mikulski

Mikulski (feminine Mikulska) is a Polish surname. Notable people include:
* Albin Mikulski (born 1957), Polish football manager
* Aleksandra Mikulska (born 1981), Polish classical pianist
* Barbara Mikulski (born 1936), American politician and social worker
* Stanisław Mikulski (1929–2014), Polish theatre, television and cinema actor
* Zbigniew Mikulski (1925–2017), Polish philatelist
# Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species

LaCONES or Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, is a Council of Scientific and Industrial Research lab located in Hyderabad. It was conceptualised by Lalji Singh. It is India's only research facility engaged in conservation and preservation of wildlife and its resources. It was established in 1998 with the help of Central Zoo Authority of India, CSIR and the government of Andhra Pradesh. It was dedicated to the nation in 2007 by then President of India APJ Abdul Kalam. It is a part of the Centre for cellular and molecular biology. India's first genetic bank for wildlife conservation, the National wildlife genetic resource bank (NWGRB) established by the government at LaCONES in 2018.
# Incline

Incline, inclined, inclining, or inclination may refer to:
* Grade (slope), the tilt, steepness, or angle from horizontal of a topographic feature (hillside, meadow, etc.) or constructed element (road, railway, field, etc.)
* Slope, the tilt, steepness, or angle from horizontal of a line (in mathematics and geometry)
Incline may also refer to:
* Cable railway, a steeply graded railway that uses a cable or rope to haul trains
** Funicular (or funicular railway, a type of cable railway), a cable railway in which a cable attached moves cars up and down a steep slope
* Inclined loop, a feature found on some roller coasters
* Orbital inclination, the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body
** Inclined orbit, an orbit that does not lie on the equatorial plane
* Inclined plane, a flat surface whose endpoints are at different heights
* Inclined rig, a method of rigging a sail to direct the force of the sails in such a way as to reduce heeling
* Inclining test, a test that determines a ship's stability and the coordinates of its center of gravity
* Inclined building, a building that was intentionally built at an incline
* Inclined tower, a tower that was intentionally built at an incline
* Inclining test, a test that determines a ship's stability and the coordinates of its center of gravity
* Incline, California
* Manitou Incline, a hiking trail in Manitou Springs, Colorado
# Calder River (Victoria)

The Calder River is a perennial river of the Corangamite catchment, located in the Otways region of the Australian state of Victoria.

## Location and features

The Calder River rises in the Otway Ranges in southwest Victoria, near Bateman Ridge and flows generally south by west through the Port Campbell National Park towards the settlement of Horden Vale where the river enters Lake Costin and then Lake Craven, before reaching its confluence with the Aire River shortly before the Aire enters Bass Strait, northwest of Cape Otway. From its highest point, the Calder River descends 393 metres (1,289 ft) over its 14-kilometre (8.7 mi) course.

## Etymology

The river was named by surveyor George Smythe after the River Calder in Yorkshire, England, similarly a tributary of the River Aire.
# Lacunicambarus ludovicianus

Lacunicambarus ludovicianus, the painted devil crayfish, is a species of North American burrowing crayfish found in the Lower Mississippi drainage and in eastern and central Texas, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, and Oklahoma.
# NGC 2655

NGC 2655 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis. It is at a distance of 60 million light years from Earth. NGC 2655 is a Seyfert galaxy. The galaxy has asymmetric dust lanes in the centre of the galaxy, tidal arms and extended neutral hydrogen gas and may have recently experienced a merger. The complex dynamics of the HI and optical tails suggest the galaxy may have undergone more mergers in the past. A weak bar has been detected in infrared H band. The diameter of the disk of the galaxy is estimated to be 60 Kpc (195,000 ly).
William Herschel discovered NGC 2655 in September 26, 1802 and described it as very bright and considerably large. The galaxy can be glimpsed with a 4-inch telescope under dark skies nearly 10° from the north celestial pole. One supernova has been observed in NGC 2655, SN 2011B, a type Ia with peak magnitude 12.8.
NGC 2655 is the brightest member of the NGC 2655 group, which also contains the Sc galaxy NGC 2715, NGC 2591, and NGC 2748. One of the gas structures of NGC 2655 is trailing off toward the small galaxy UGC 4714.
# Mehdi Danesh-Yazdi

Mehdi Danesh-Yazdi (born 1952 in Yazd) is currently an Iranian attorney-at-law and a member of the Iranian Central Bar Association. He previously served as the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs for Administrative and Financial Affairs of Iran until his retirement in January 2018. He served as Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York from 1995 to 1999 and also 2003 to 2008 and Ambassador to Sweden from 1987 to 1992. At the international level, he served as President of the UNICEF Executive Board in 2005 and as Chairman of the United Nations Commission for Social Development in 2006. He was the President of the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization from 2014 to 2015.He joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as Director for the Department of Treaties in 1982.
# Linda Shapiro

Linda G. Shapiro is a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, a professor of electrical engineering, and adjunct professor of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education at the University of Washington.

## Education and experience

Shapiro graduated with a B.S. with highest distinction in mathematics and computer science from the University of Illinois in 1970. She completed her M.S. in computer science from University of Iowa in 1972 and her Ph.D. in computer science from University of Iowa in 1974. She was a faculty member in computer science at Kansas State University from 1974 to 1978 and at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1979 to 1984. She then spent two years as director of intelligent systems at Machine Vision International in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She has been an IEEE Fellow since 1995, an IAPR fellow since 2000, and has been editor-in-chief of CVGIP: Image Understanding. Shapiro received the Pattern Recognition Society Best Paper Awards in 1989 and 1995.

## Research interests

Shapiro's research interests include computer vision, medical image analysis, artificial intelligence, biomedical informatics, pattern recognition, and content-based image retrieval. According to her research laboratory website, her recent research projects include Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Devices, Expression Recognition using Deep Neural Nets, and Digital Pathology: Accuracy, Viewing Behavior and Image Characterization.

## Publications

* Haralock, Robert M. and L. Shapiro. “Computer and Robot Vision.” (1991).
* Robert M. Haralick, Linda G. Shapiro. "Image segmentation techniques." Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, Volume 29, Issue 1, 1985, Pages 100–132, ISSN 0734-189X, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-189X(85)90153-7.
* L. G. Shapiro and R. M. Haralick, "Structural Descriptions and Inexact Matching," in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. PAMI-3, no. 5, pp. 504–519, September 1981, doi:10.1109/TPAMI.1981.4767144
# John Norman (Australian politician)

John Norman (1855 - 11 July 1912) was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## Biography

Norman was born at Ayrshire, Scotland, the son of John Norman and his wife Margaret (née Wallace). He did his apprenticeship as a tailor in Scotland and when he arrived in Australia in 1883 he opened a tailor's shop in Maryborough.
He was married to Maggie Laurie and together had five sons and four daughters. Norman died in July 1912 and his funeral proceeded from his former residence in Thomas Street, Tinana to the Maryborough Cemetery.

## Public career

Norman, a member of the Labour Party, was an alderman on the Maryborough City Council for ten years from 1891 and in 1901 was the mayor of Maryborough. He then stood for the two-member seat of Maryborough in the Queensland Legislative Assembly at the 1893 Queensland colonial election but was beaten by the Ministerialist John Annear and Oppositionist Charles Powers.
He next stood at the 1896 Queensland colonial election and again was beaten, this time by the Ministerialist pairing of John Annear and John Bartholomew. He did not stand in 1899 but three years later, at the 1902 Queensland state election, he and fellow Labour member Charles Barton won both positions as the members for Maryborough. He represented the electorate until 1907 when he stood as a Kidstonite at that year's state election but was beaten into fourth place.
# Consumers Cooperative Services

Consumers Cooperative Services (CCS) was a white collar consumers cooperative in New York City which ran a chain of cooperative restaurants, bakeries and grocery stores. It was founded in 1920 by a group of socially minded women, among them Mary E. Arnold, Mabel Reed, Dorothy Kenyon, Mary LaDame and Ruth True.
Starting with one cafeteria, the association opened additional branches in the financial district of New York. It was operating eleven restaurants by 1935. In 1944 CCS became active in the grocery field, taking over four grocery co-ops from other cooperative associations. The grocery stores were never as successful as had been hoped. In 1952 there was only one left, in Greenwich Village. The number of cafeterias declined after the Second World War as well. There were seven in 1945 and four in 1952. By that time the bakery was also discontinued. In spite of these developments, CCS grew in membership from 4,500 in 1935 to 5,536 in 1945, 5,536 in 1946, and 8,291 in 1948. Annual sales reached a peak of $2,049,839 in 1949. CCS declined during the 1950s, and is no longer in existence.
CCS was a progressive consumer cooperative, which took "the larger view in things cooperative". It was active in consumer and cooperative education and took a lead in establishing new consumer cooperatives on the East Coast. CCS used part of its accumulated profits (patronage funds) to build a 12-story cooperative apartment complex in Lower Manhattan with 66 apartments which was opened in 1935. The cooperative song The Battle Hymn of Cooperation originated with employees of CCS who wrote it for a revue in 1932.
# Laboratory funnel

Laboratory funnels are funnels that have been made for use in the chemical laboratory. There are many different kinds of funnels that have been adapted for these specialized applications. Filter funnels, thistle funnels (shaped like thistle flowers), and dropping funnels have stopcocks which allow the fluids to be added to a flask slowly. For solids, a powder funnel with a short and wide neck/stem is more appropriate as it prevents clogging.
When used with filter paper, filter funnels, Buchner and Hirsch funnels can be used to remove fine particles from a liquid in a process called filtration. For more demanding applications, the filter paper in the latter two may be replaced with a sintered glass frit.
Separatory funnels are used in liquid-liquid extractions.

## Manufacturing

Borosilicate glass is one of the most common materials of choice for laboratory applications due to its inertness compared with metals or plastics. However, plastic funnels made of non-reactive polyethylene are used for transferring aqueous solutions. Plastic is most often used for powder funnels which do not come into contact with solvents in normal use.

## The types of funnels in the laboratory

* Plain funnels exist in various dimensions, with longer or shorter necks.
* Filter funnels have a neck of a thin capillary tube and ribs which increase the filter-papers' effectiveness and thus accelerate the process of filtering.
* Powder funnels have a short and wide neck for fast pouring of powders.
* Separatory funnels are pear-shaped, have a cap and a short neck, with a stopcock for the even pouring of fluids. These are used to decant two immiscible fluids. It can be graduated, though this is not very common.
* Hirsch funnels are shaped much like normal funnels, but contain holes or sintered glass at the base for quick filtrations.
* Dropping funnels are a cylindrical, regularly graduated funnel with standard taper ground glass joints. These are often supplied with a pressure equalizer.
* Buchner funnels are made of porcelain and include a plate of sintered glass or perforated porcelain. These are used in filtration under low pressure with a Buchner flask.
* Hot filtration funnel is a less commonly seen funnel where the funnel is jacketed, and surrounded by a heated fluid.
* Eco funnel is equipped with a latching lid and gasket to reduce chemical contamination and conform to OSHA and EPA regulations.
# Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture

The Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture (PGIA) of the University of Peradeniya is a graduate school that provides trained scientific personnel for the agricultural sector. It was established in 1975. The institution functions as a semi-autonomous unit within the University of Peradeniya. The PGIA offers three degree programmes, M.Sc., M.Phil. and Ph.D/DBA. It has awarded 40 Ph.D., 261 M.Phil., 1019 M.Sc. and 35 MBA degrees since its inception.

## Programs
### Agricultural biology

* M.Sc. in Biotechnology
* M.Sc. in Biology

### Agricultural economics

* Postgraduate Diploma in Development Practice Management
* M.Sc. in Agricultural Economics (By Course Work)
* M.Sc. in Environmental Economics (By Course Work)
* M.Sc. in Natural Resource Management (By Course Work)
* M. Phil. in Agricultural Economics (By Course Work and Research)
* M. Phil. in Agricultural Economics (By Research)
* Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics (By Course Work and Research)
* Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics (By Research)

### Agricultural engineering

* M.Sc. in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)
* M.Sc. in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
* M.Sc. in Geoinformatics

### Agricultural extension

* M.Sc. in Organizational Management
* M.Sc. in Development Communication and Extension

### Animal Science

* M.Sc. in Animal Science
* M.Sc. in Poultry Science and Technology
* M.Sc. in Dairy and Meat Product Technology
* M.Sc. in Aquatic Bio-resources Management and Aquaculture

### Business administration

* Degree Programme in Master of Business Administration (MBA)
* Degree Programme in Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
* Degree Programme in Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

### Crop science

* M.Sc. in Crop Science
* M.Sc. in Environmental Forestry
* M.Sc. in Floriculture and Landscape Architecture
* M.Sc in Tropical Agriculture (By Course Work and Research)

### Food science and technology

* M.Sc. in Food Science and Technology
* M.Sc. in Food and Nutrition

### Plant protection

* M.Sc. in Plant Protection Technology
* M.Sc. in Molecular and Applied Microbiology

### Soil science

* M.Sc. in Tropical Soil Management
* M.Sc. in Environmental Soil Science
* M.Sc. in Soil and Environmental Microbiology
# India's Cup

India's Cup is a motor rally made famous for being the first organized adventure tour to use the iconic Hindustan Ambassador as its flagship vehicle in 2008. According to the lead organizer, Princely J., the adventure tourism rally has been conducted five times a year since 2008 along predetermined routes. On each occasion, the participants are given the route, the destinations, and some advice and recommendations, but remain free to travel at their own pace.

## Background

India's Hindustan Motors has cancelled the production of the Hindustan Ambassador in 2014, remaining as one of the most easily recognized automobiles in India. This is largely because since its production began in 1957, it had been the most popular and well-known car in India for decades, with the manufacturer holding a 70 per cent share of the market. India's Cup, created in 2008 alongside the Indian Autorickshaw Challenge by the same adventure tourism operator, is 2,389 km (1,484 miles) long. The starting point is in Chennai, with the route crossing the country to the finish line in Panjim, Goa 11 days later.

## Route

The route is between Chennai to Thanjavur, then to Tuticorin, Alappusha, Coimbatore, Mysuru, Mangaluru, Shivamogga, and Hampi, before arriving to the finish line in Panjim, Goa. India's Cup spans 2,389 km (1,484 miles) over the course of 11 days.

## Sponsors

The India's Cup rally is officially backed by the online directory portal GamingZion.

## Charity

In addition to donating a percentage of the revenue going to charitable causes, the rally's organizers also offer an option to visit some local schools along the route, where all volunteers can choose to leave a small donation (in gifts, or money) to the students and school staff directly.
# Digital pound

The Digital pound (also known as digital sterling or britcoin) is a proposed central bank digital currency from the Bank of England. It is intended to supplement, not replace, cash in the United Kingdom. The value of the digital pound would be the same as cash pound sterling so that £10 of digital pounds would have the same value as a banknote of £10.
It would differ from a cryptocurrency or cryptoasset because it would be created and backed by the Bank of England and the Government of the United Kingdom, rather than by a company or anonymous person or group.
A public consultation on the digital pound lasting four months was announced on 6 February 2023. A final decision on the implementation of a digital pound would be expected around 2025, with consumer usage expected in the late 2020s.
In a March 2024 episode of BBC Radio 4's Money Box, Harriett Baldwin, chair of the UK Parliament's Treasury Select Committee, said a digital pound would not be introduced before 2030, and that people’s holdings would probably be limited to £10,000 as a way of avoiding the possibility of worsening any run on a bank; the European Union was considering a limit of 6,000 euros. In reply to a consultation, the government had said it would not seek to control people’s use of a digital currency but did not say it would not look at the data to see how the money was moving around.
# NGC 531

NGC 531 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Andromeda with a visual magnitude of 10.51. It is a distance of 65.7 Mpc from the Sun. It is a member of the Hickson Compact Group HCG 10, and is interacting with the other members of the group.
# Melissa Venema

Melissa Venema (born April 12, 1995, in Alkmaar) is a Dutch trumpeter.

## Life

Venema started playing recorder at age 6 and moved to trumpet by age 8. When she was 10, she auditioned successfully at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam, training under Frits Damrow, a world-famous trumpeter. She has since performed in numerous public broadcasts, including an internationally broadcast performance of Haydn's Trumpet Concerto in the Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, California.
Venema also plays on her own custom made Yamaha trumpet, and four other trumpets.

## Awards

Venema has won several awards over the years, with more recent achievements including taking third place at the Chicago International Brass Festival and several prizes in the Princess Christina Competition. In 2010, she received the Encouragement Prize of Culture of the City Zaanstad. She has also worked with the violinist André Rieu.

## Discography

* Melissa voor U (2006)
* Melissa in Concert (2009)
* Melissa from the Heart (2010)
* The Trumpet is My Voice (2012)
# List of organizations based in Antarctica

This is a list of organizations based in Antarctica.

## Organizations based in Antarctica

* Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition

### Antarctic agencies

* Antarctica New Zealand
* Argentine Antarctic Program
* Australian Antarctic Division
* Brazilian Antarctic Program
* British Antarctic Survey
* Instituto Antártico Argentino
* Instituto Antártico Chileno
* IPEV French Polar Institute
* National Antarctic Research Program
* New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee
* Norwegian Polar Institute
* Tasmanian polar network
* United States Antarctic Program

### Museums in Antarctica

* Discovery Hut
* Port Lockroy base
* Scott's Hut
* South Georgia Museum
# Ha

Ha may refer to:

## Agencies and organizations

* Health authority, a former type of administrative organisation of the NHS in England and Wales
* Hells Angels Motorcycle Club
* Highways Agency (renamed Highways England, now National Highways), UK government body maintaining England's major roads
* Homelessness Australia, peak body organisation for homeless people and services
* Homosexuals Anonymous an ex-gay program for dealing with unwanted same-sex attractions
* Hong Kong Housing Authority

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* Ha (Doseone album), 2005
* Ha (Talvin Singh album), 2002
* Ha! (Killing Joke album), 1982
* "Ha" (song), by Juvenile
* Ha! (TV channel), an American all-comedy TV channel
* Hamar Arbeiderblad, a Norwegian newspaper
* Human Action, a book by the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises
* The Jim Henson Company, formerly known as ha!

## Language

* Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), a letter in the Javanese script
* Ha (kana), in syllabic Japanese script
* ه (hāʾ), ح (ḥāʾ), or خ (ḫāʾ), Arabic letters
* Ha language, the language of the Ha people in eastern Africa
* Hausa language, ISO 639-1 code HA

## Places

* Ha, Bhutan
* Hå, Norway
* Ha Gorge, Greece
* HA postcode area, a group of English postal districts in north-west London
* Henan, a province of China (Guobiao abbreviation HA)

## Science and technology
### Chemistry

* Hahnium, an element now called Dubnium
* Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), a carbohydrate structure
* Hydroxylapatite, a mineral

### Medicine

* Hyperandrogenic anovulation, also called polycystic ovary syndrome
* Health anxiety (HA) or hypochondriasis (hypochondria)
* Hemagglutinin (influenza) (HA), an antigenic glycoprotein from Influenza viruses
* Hemagglutination assay, a measurement of viruses or bacteria

### Units of measure

* Hartree, an atomic unit of energy
* Hectare (ha), a unit of area
* Hectoampere, a unit of electric current

### Other uses in science and technology

* ha (function prefix) (half), a prefix for some trigonometric functions in mathematics
* High availability, systems design and implementation with a view to maximising service
* Hour angle, in astronomy, one of the coordinates of the equatorial coordinate system
* H$_a$, or alternative hypothesis, in statistical testing
* H-alpha (Hα), a deep-red visible spectral line of the hydrogen atom

## Surnames

* Ha (Chinese surname) (哈), found in the Hundred Family Surnames
* Ha (Korean surname) (하, 河 or 夏)
* Hà, Vietnamese surname
* Xia (surname) (夏), romanized as Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation

## Transportation

* British Rail Class 71, a locomotive (classified type HA under the Southern Region's pre-TOPS scheme)
* Hawaiian Airlines (IATA designator HA)
* Highways Agency (now National Highways), UK government body maintaining England's major roads

## Other uses

* Ha (mythology)
* Ha, one of deities Heng and Ha
* Ha people, a Tanzanian people
* Hospitalman Apprentice, a U.S. Navy rank
# Laforey-class destroyer

Laforey-class destroyer may refer to:
* Laforey-class destroyer (1913), a class of 22 Royal Navy destroyers launched from 1913 to 1915
* L and M-class destroyer or Laforey class, a class of 16 Royal Navy destroyers launched from 1939 to 1941