OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Powder skiing

Powder skiing is a recreational activity that involves skiing ungroomed trails located inside of avalanche control or ski patrol boundaries.

## History

In the Rocky Mountain Range of the Western United States, powder skiing is a common term used among expert skiers. Alf Engen, an early contributor to constructing 27 ski resorts in the Rocky Mountain Range, is regarded as the pioneer of powder skiing. The skiing public at Alta Ski Resort first started in the 1940s. Powder skiing and general skiing techniques, such as the Alberg technique, can be categorized by the fall line.

## Technique

The powder skiing technique is a broad term with a wide range of sub-techniques. Powder skiing requires having equal balance from side to side to stay upright.

### Alpine

Alpine skiing techniques, used on groomed trails, can be modified for skiing in powder snow by lifting skis to create "float." Accepted good forms include having knees bent and leaning backward into the ski boots.
While turning, the thigh and hip areas of a powder skier's legs act as shock absorbers. Each shock-absorbing turn in powder creates a rebound by pushing on the snow to slow down and releasing that force to speed up. This type of momentum control is the opposite of wide turns and cutting into the snow. Turning the skis in powder decreases speed and is also an opportunity to change the direction that the skis are pointing down the mountain.

### Tip and Turn

Using the Tip and Turn technique, one is less likely to get injured. Begin by bouncing rhythmically in the snow while maintaining a straight trajectory. This bouncing causes one's leg muscles to flex and extend subconsciously. During the extension phase, the skis are pushed into the snow while they rise to the surface during flexion. Then they turn by raising one foot and tilting it towards the outer edge of the ski while keeping one's legs pressed together, and they repeat the process.
Leaning back in powder to maintain momentum and bring ski tips to the surface in deep snow can lead to discomfort. Shaped skis with wide front ends make the skis rise to the surface so that the skier does not have to lean back.

### Dipsy Doodle

The Dipsy Doodle is a technique that was developed in the late 1940s. The "Dipsy Doodle" involves following the fall line and lifting each ski one at a time repeatedly, thus establishing float. The Dipsy Doodle is a trick maneuver popularized years ago by U.S. Olympian Dick Durrance. It has become a Wedeln (tail-wagging) exercise for many skiers.

## Equipment

Modern powder ski construction is evolving with changes in optimal weight and durability. Powder skis use a design with wide tips and shorter tail lengths.
Powder skis typically feature wide tips, ranging from 140 to 155 millimeters. The tails are slightly more tapered, often within a 125- to 140-millimeter range. This design helps powder skis remain buoyant in snow. The contours and proportions of a ski's tip, waist, and tail can vary among models.
# Bronzy jacamar

The bronzy jacamar (Galbula leucogastra) is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The bronzy jacamar is monotypic. It and purplish jacamar (Galbula chalcothorax) were formerly considered conspecific; they now form a superspecies. Birds in eastern Brazil along the Tapajós River were suggested as a subspecies but were not accepted as such. In addition, the species is thought to have hybridized with green-tailed jacamar (G. galbula) in Suriname.

## Description

The bronzy jacamar is 19 to 22 cm (7.5 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 15 to 18 g (0.53 to 0.63 oz). The male's crown and face are dark metallic greenish blue. The rest of the upper parts and the breast are metallic bronzy green and sometimes have a slight purple gloss. It has a black chin and white throat and belly; the latter appears speckled with black. The female differs by having the sides of the face dark gray and the throat and belly buff or yellowish.

## Distribution and habitat

According to a 2016 map, the bronzy jacamar is found in southern Venezuela, far eastern Colombia, much of west-central Brazil, far northern Bolivia, and far southeastern Peru. However, there are eBird reports across southern Colombia and one in Ecuador since then that have not been further evaluated.
The bronzy jacamar is found in a wide variety of habitats. Cornell University's Birds of the World describes them as "Edges and clearings of primary and secondary terra firme and várzea (igapó) forests, white-sand campinarana in Amazonia, wooded savannas and (at least in coastal French Guiana) marshes scattered with woodlots, regularly along streams and rivers in lowlands; locally to 900 m [2950 ft]. Occurs locally in gallery forest, dry forest and cerrado in Brazil, where it occupies light undergrowth and open lower canopies."

## Behavior
### Feeding

The bronzy jacamar's diet includes a wide variety of flying insects, but "perhaps fewer Lepidoptera or Odonata than do other Galbula species." It perches on exposed branches by itself or in small groups, typically between 2 and 10 m (6.6 and 32.8 ft) high, and sallies out to catch its prey. It sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks.

### Breeding

Three bronzy jacamar nests have been described. Two of them were in arboreal termite nests and the third was in a epiphytic bromeliad on a tree trunk. At one in a termite nest both adults fed the nestling; at the bromeliad nest the female fed the nestlings.

### Vocalization

The bronzy jacamar apparently has two songs. One is "ascending and accelerating whistling notes" that end with a trill . The other is described as "weeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee" . A call is .

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the bronzy jacamar as being of Least Concern. It appears to be uncommon in most of its range and "may suffer to some extent from overall habitat loss."
# Ilex kusanoi

Ilex kusanoi is a species of flowering plant in the holly family Aquifoliaceae, native to Green Island and Orchid Island of Taiwan and Amami Ōshima of the Ryukyu Islands. It is a deciduous tree found growing from sea level up to 400 m (1,300 ft).
# Coronation of the Virgin (El Greco, Illescas)

Coronation of the Virgin is a 1603–1605 work by El Greco, one of a group of five paintings painted for the high altarpiece of the Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Caridad in Illescas, Toledo. It and three of the other paintings still hang in the church (Charity, Nativity and Annunciation), whilst the fifth is now in the National Museum of Art of Romania (Marriage of the Virgin).
It shows the Coronation of the Virgin by God the Father and God the Son, with the Holy Spirit shown above as a dove.
# Crenicichla jaguarensis

Crenicichla jaguarensis is a species of cichlid native to South America. It is found in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. This species reaches a length of 14.8 cm (5.8 in).
# Zulhayat Ismail

Zulhayat Ismail (Chinese: 祖力亚提·司马义; born September 1977) is a Chinese university administrator and politician of Uyghur ethnicity, currently serving as Party Branch Secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial Ecology and Environment Department. She was director of the Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from March 2023 to October 2024.
She is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and an alternate member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Early life and education

Zulhayat Ismail was born in Ürümqi, Xinjiang, in September 1977. In 2008 she graduated from Peking University with a Ph.D. in sociology. From January 2010 to November 2012, she was a postdoctoral fellow at Xinjiang University.

## Career

She began his political career in June 2014, when he was appointed deputy director of the Middle School and University Offices of the School Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China.
She has served as vice president of Xinjiang University, as well as deputy party secretary and dean of the School of Marxism at Xinjiang University. She was deputy party secretary and vice president of Kashi University in September 2022 and subsequently director of the Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in March 2023.
In October 2024, she was appointed Party Branch Secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial Ecology and Environment Department.
# Newport, Virginia

Newport, Virginia may refer to several places:
* Newport, Augusta County, Virginia, an unincorporated community in Augusta County
* Newport, Giles County, Virginia, an unincorporated community in Giles County
* Newport, Page County, Virginia, an unincorporated community in Page County
# Lazareto (disambiguation)

A lazareto is a quarantine station for maritime travelers.
Lazareto or Lazaretto may also refer to:

## Places

* Lazareto (Mindelo), São Vicente, Cape Verde
* Lazareto (Ithaca), Greece
* Lazaretto Island, Corfu
* Lazzaretto, Muggia, Italy

## Arts and entertainment

* Lazaretto (album), by Jack White, 2014
** "Lazaretto" (song)
* Lazaretto (novel), by Shay K. Azoulay, 2019
# Pozzonovo

Pozzonovo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,589 and an area of 24.5 square kilometres (9.5 sq mi).
Pozzonovo borders the following municipalities: Anguillara Veneta, Boara Pisani, Monselice, Solesino, Stanghella, Tribano.
# Borstal (disambiguation)

A borstal or borstal school is a type of juvenile detention centre in India and formerly in the United Kingdom.
Borstal may also refer to:
* Borstal Prison, Kent, England, the institution after which the detention system was named
* Borstal, Rochester, the village in Kent in which the prison was situated
* Borstal Boy (disambiguation), a book by Brendan Behan and its adaptations
# Miguel Posadas

Miguel Posadas (1711–1753) was a Spanish painter. He was born in Aragon, and became a Dominican friar living at Valencia, and painted historical pictures.
# Ilex machilifolia

Ilex machilifolia is a species of plant in the family Aquifoliaceae. It is endemic to Yunnan in southern China.
# Kanō Tsunenobu

Kanō Tsunenobu (狩野常信) (1636–1713) was a Japanese painter of the Kanō school. He first studied under his father, Kanō Naonobu, and then his uncle, Kanō Tan'yū, after his father's death. He became a master painter and succeeded his uncle Tan'yū as head of the Kanō school in 1674. It is believed many works attributed to Tan'yū might actually be Tsunenobu, but it is difficult to know since they often worked on larger pieces together.
# Creek (surname)

Creek is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Amber Creek (1982–1997), American murder victim
* Doug Creek (1969–2024), American baseball player
* Mitch Creek (born 1992), Australian basketball player

## Fictional charachers

* The protagonist of Jonathan Creek, BBC TV mystery series
# Captain Cookaburra's Road to Discovery

Captain Cookaburra's Road to Discovery is an Australian children's television program that originally aired on ABC from 12 August 1985. It was a magazine style program featuring puppets. The two main characters were Captain Cookaburra, a large pink bird with bulging eyes and lot's of teeth, and Boomerfang, a green snake who swallowed a boomerang. Other characters include Dishy Doreen, Spotty Ron, Mind Boggler, Million-Year-Old Fred, Syd Courier, Nosey Rosey and Twenny and Weeny. It features short stories, jokes, quizzes and documentary sections. Both Captain Cookaburra and Boomerfang had previously featured on Captain Cookaburra's AustraliHa.
# Nikon 1 V2

The Nikon 1 V2 is a Nikon 1 series high-speed mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera launched by Nikon on October 24, 2012.
Featuring a new 14 megapixel image sensor and further increased autofocus (hybrid autofocus with phase detection/contrast-detect AF and AF-assist illuminator) speed to 15 frames per second (fps), the maximum continuous shooting speed stays at 60 fps for up to 40 frames.
The image processor Expeed 3A, a successor to the Expeed 3 used in the former Nikon 1 series cameras, features a new (according to Nikon) image-processing engine with increased speed of up to 850 megapixels per second. It is developed exclusively for Nikon 1 cameras.
The Nikon 1 V2 succeeds the Nikon 1 V1 and is succeeded by the Nikon 1 V3. The Nikon 1 V3 improves on the previous model with an 18.4MP sensor, built-in Wifi, FullHD video at 60 frames per second (non-interpolated), up to 120 frames per second video at 720p resolution, 20fps continuous AF, and 171 focus points, which Nikon claims gives better tracking autofocus than even DSLR cameras.

## Features

With the launch of the new camera, comes a number of improvements in features from the Nikon 1 V1. The improved sensor and processor have taken the pixels up to 14 megapixels, compared to the previous 10.1 megapixels with V1. Other improvements include a low light boost, faster action capture and improved lens selection.
# Lazarette (disambiguation)

Lazarette or Lazaret may refer to:
* Lazarette, or lazaret, part of a boat near or aft of the cockpit
* Lazarette, a synonym for a leprosarium or leper hospital
* Lazaretto, or lazaret, is a quarantine station for maritime travelers
* Lazaret, a village in Boița, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania
* Lazaret, Niger, a suburb of Niamey
# Pozzolo Formigaro

Pozzolo Formigaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Alessandria. As of 1 January 2022, it had a population of 4,507 and an area of 36.18 square kilometres (13.97 sq mi).
Pozzolo Formigaro borders the following municipalities: Bosco Marengo, Cassano Spinola, Novi Ligure, Tortona, and Villalvernia.

## Notable People

* Francesco Remotti, Anthropologist
* Ezia Gavazza, Professor of Modern Art History
* Monsignor Pietro Gambarotta, (7 February 1921 – 15 March 2008) Parish priest of the church of San Nicolò from 1954 to 2007.
# Meteomedia

Meteomedia may mean:
* MétéoMédia, a Canadian French-language cable television channel specializing on weather
* Meteomedia AG, a company providing weather data in Germany and Switzerland
# Miguel Pourier

Miguel Arcangel Pourier (29 September 1938 – 23 March 2013) served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles three times. He first served from 6 July 1979 to December 1979; he next served from 31 March 1994 to 14 May 1998 and he last served from 8 November 1999 to 3 June 2002. He belonged to the Bonaire Patriotic Union (UPB) and Party for the Restructured Antilles (PAR). He was born in Rincon, Bonaire.
From 1973 he served as Minister for Development Cooperation in the cabinet of Juancho Evertsz and later served as Minister for Finance and Economic Affairs.
# Michael Carey (priest)

Michael Sausmarez Carey (7 December 1914 – 29 October 1985) was an English Anglican priest.
Carey was educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College and Keble College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1939. After a curacy at St John’s Waterloo Road he became chaplain of Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was the Archdeacon of Ely from 1962 to 1970 and then Dean of Ely until 1982.
He and his wife Muriel Carey had two children, Elisabeth and Nicolas.
# Nation (Australian periodical)

Nation was an Australian fortnightly periodical, published from 1958 to 1972, when it was merged with the Sunday Review to form the Nation Review.

## Origins

Tom Fitzgerald was the Financial Editor of The Sydney Morning Herald. Whilst retaining his post at the Herald, in 1956 he developed the idea of an independent, liberal-minded journal, as an antidote to the general conservative stuffiness of Australian print media at the time. He established Nation in 1958, installing George Munster as editor. Fitzgerald and Munster were introduced by Barry Humphries.
Fitzgerald launched Nation in the same year as Sir Frank Packer launched his fortnightly news magazine Observer; they were published on alternate fortnights until 1961 when Packer merged Observer into The Bulletin. Both were printed by the quixotic Francis James's Anglican Press, for a time in the crypt of Christ Church St Laurence.

## Publication history

The first edition was published on 26 September 1958. Nation published stories that the mainstream press was not prepared to print, such as Ken Inglis's 1959 article about Max Stuart, an Arrernte Aborigine who had been convicted of the murder of a nine-year-old girl and sentenced to death. Nation campaigned strongly against the White Australia Policy and Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War.
Other contributors to Nation included economist G.C. Harcourt, film critic Sylvia Lawson, historian Hugh Stretton, theatre critic H. G. Kippax, columnist Peter Ryan, and social historian Cyril Pearl. When The Australian began publication in 1964, a number of contributors to Nation moved to the new daily newspaper, including Brian Johns, Ken Gott, Robin Boyd, Robert Hughes, Maxwell Newton and Max Harris.

## Closure

Fitzgerald sold Nation to Gordon Barton in 1972, who then merged it with his Sunday Review to form the Nation Review. The last edition of Nation was published on 22 July 1972.
An anthology of work from Nation was edited by Ken Inglis in 1989 under the title Nation: The Life of an independent journal of opinion, 1958-1972, (1989: Melbourne University Press).

## In popular culture

Frank Moorhouse's Conferenceville (1976) mentions Nation and Vadim's Restaurant in Sydney's Kings Cross where the paper's contributors used to meet until it closed in 1969:
   "Were you a Vadim's person?" I asked. She was roughly my age. I always put Vadim's cafe before our time. But Cindy had started life pretty early. "Yes, yes, I belonged everywhere then," she put out a sigh. "All the good ideas in this country started at Vadim's. Fitzgerald. The Nation people."
In his memoir Things I Didn't Know (2007), art critic Robert Hughes describes Fitzgerald and Munster walking across Kings Cross, after Vadim's had closed for the night, "to take up a laminate table at a hamburger joint named Hasty Tasty... and finish their editing there".
# Jamaica at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships

Jamaica is set to compete at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan from 14 to 30 July.

## Diving

Jamaica entered 2 divers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Yohan Eskrick-Parkinson | 1 m springboard | 277.05 | 45 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Yohan Eskrick-Parkinson | 3 m springboard | 299.35 | 48 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Yona Knight-Wisdom | 1 m springboard | 319.20 | 22 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Yona Knight-Wisdom | 3 m springboard | 356.65 | 33 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Yohan Eskrick-Parkinson Yona Knight-Wisdom | 3 m synchronized springboard | 339.18 | 14 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |

## Swimming

Jamaica entered 1 swimmer.

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Sabrina Lyn | 100 metre freestyle | 59.38 | 43 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Sabrina Lyn | 100 metre butterfly | 1:02.13 | 36 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Kenneth Reiner

Kenneth Reiner (April 2, 1916 – September 12, 2011) was an American industrialist, philanthropist and inventor best known for constructing Silvertop, a landmark which is recognized one of the prominent architectural works of John Lautner. He also manufactured hair clips and Kaylock, a self-locking aircraft nut. After the World War II broke out, he invented spring steel Lady Ellen Klippies that subsequently captured 90% of market share. In 1974, he was charged with bankruptcy, leading him to sell Silvertop project.
At an apparent age of 75, he used to take part in singing lessons and later he became a prominent benefactor of Musical Theatre West, a musical theatre of Long Beach. After completing singing lessons, he along with his wife used to hosted musical salons.

## Biography

He was born in Brooklyn, New York, US on April 2, 1916. He lived in Los Angeles by the latter. He received his initial schooling from the Brooklyn Ethical Culture School and graduated from the New York Boys High School in 1933. Later in 1937, he attended Purdue University where he obtained electrical engineering degree. He went to Los Angeles and was briefly employed at Lockheed Aircraft. He started Kaynar Corp in 1943, a corporation designed to manufacture bolts for the aerospace manufacturer industry.
He also invented heating and cooling systems of low velocity, ceiling lights and light-transmitting electrical skylights. He constructed Midtown School in Los Feliz, Los Angeles. To construct a facility for Kaynar, Reiner hired Jack Hilmer but this project along with the construction of his Silvertop home was urned over to John Lautner. The Silvertop construction was partially completed at $1 million. In 2014, Luke Wood purchased the house for $8.55 million.

## Death

He died in Long Beach, California, on September 12, 2011, after a chronic condition.
# Lauca

Lauca is a Biosphere Reserve, located in northern Chile, in Arica y Parinacota Region. The reserve comprises three protected areas: Lauca National Park, Las Vicuñas National Reserve and Salar de Surire Natural Monument. This zone was declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1981.
# Le Favril, Eure-et-Loir

Le Favril (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.

## Geography

The Commune along with another 70 communes shares part of a 47,681 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Forêts et étangs du Perche.
# Metoxypilus werneri

Metoxypilus werneri is a species of praying mantis found in New Guinea.