OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of bombings during the Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)

This article lists major bombings during the Iraqi Insurgency (18 December 2011 – 30 December 2013) following the withdrawal of US troops at the end of the Iraq War.

## Bombings

| Date | City | Attack | Deaths | (Alleged) Perpetrator | Source |
| 22 December 2011 | Baghdad | 22 December 2011 Baghdad bombings | 69 | Islamic State | |
| 5 January 2012 | Nasiriyah | 5 January 2012 Iraq bombings | 44 | Islamic State | |
| 5 January 2012 | Baghdad | 5 January 2012 Iraq bombings | 29 | Islamic State | |
| 14 January 2012 | Basra | 14 January 2012 Basra bombing | 53 | Islamic State | |
| 27 January 2012 | Baghdad | 27 January 2012 Baghdad bombing | 32 | Islamic State | |
| 23 February 2012 | Baghdad Tikrit | 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks | 83 | Islamic State | |
| 20 March 2012 | Various cities | 20 March 2012 Iraq attacks | 52 | Islamic State | |
| 13 June 2012 | Various cities | 13 June 2012 Iraq attacks | 93 | Islamic State | |
| 23 July 2012 | Various cities | 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks | 116 | Islamic State | |
| 16 August 2012 | Various cities | 16 August 2012 Iraq attacks | 128 | Islamic State | |
| 9 September 2012 | Various cities | 9 September 2012 Iraq attacks | 108 | Islamic State | |
| 19 March 2013 | Various cities | 19 March 2013 Iraq attacks | 98 | Islamic State | |
| 15 April 2013 | Various cities | 15 April 2013 Iraq attacks | 75 | Islamic State | |
| 18 April 2013 | Baghdad | 18 April 2013 Baghdad bombing | 27 | Islamic State | |
| 15 - 21 May 2013 | Various cities | May 2013 Iraq attacks | 449 | Islamic State | |
| 27 May 2013 | Baghdad | 27 May 2013 Baghdad bombings | 71 | Islamic State | |
| 10 June 2013 | Various cities | 10 June 2013 Iraq attacks | 94 | Islamic State | |
| 16 June 2013 | Various cities | 10 June 2013 Iraq attacks | 54 | Islamic State | |
| 2 - 14 July 2013 | Various cities | July 2013 Iraq attacks | 389 | Islamic State | |
| 1 September 2013 | Camp Ashraf | 2013 Camp Ashraf massacre | 52 | Kata'ib Hezbollah and Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq | |
| 20 September 2013 | Samarra | 20 September Samarra attack | 25 | Islamic State | |
| 21 September 2013 | Various cities | 21 September 2013 Iraq attacks | 115 | Islamic State | |
| 4 December 2013 | Various cities | 4 December 2013 Iraq attacks | 35 | Islamic State | |
| 25 December 2013 | Baghdad | 2013 Baghdad Christmas Day bombings | 38 | Islamic State | No group claimed responsibility for the attacks. |
# Nalbariya dialect

Nalbariya dialect is a dialect of Assamese language spoken primarily in and around the Nalbari district of Assam. It is one of three of the Kamrupi group of dialects—the others being Barpetia dialect and Palasbariya dialect.

## Phonology

Vowels :
| | Front | Front | Front | Central | Central | Central | Back | Back | Back |
| | IPA | ROM | Script | IPA | ROM | Script | IPA | ROM | Script |
| Close | i | i | ই/ঈ | | | | u | u | উ/ঊ |
| Near-close | | | | | | | ʊ | ú | ও |
| Close-mid | e | é | এ’ | | | | | | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | e | এ | | | | ɔ | o | অ |
| Open | | | | a | a | আ | | | |
Nalbariya has seven vowels, identical to Barpetia dialect, and almost identical to Standard Assamese, which has an additional vowel.
# Now That's What I Call Motown

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Now That's What I Call Motown is a special edition compilation album from the (U.S.) Now That's What I Call Music! series and was released on January 13, 2009. Released by Universal Motown Records to coincide with the 50th anniversary of Motown Records, the album is made up of songs exclusively from the original Motown label.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| The Billboard 200 | 13 |
| Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums | 12 |
* This article on a 2000s compilation album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Jan Peacock

Jan Peacock (born November 6, 1955, in Barrie, Ontario) is a Canadian interdisciplinary artist, curator and writer.

## Life

Peacock was born in Barrie, Ontario. She studied at the University of Western Ontario, receiving her BFA in 1978, and went on to the University of California in San Diego for her MFA in 1981. Peacock lives in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where she teaches at NSCAD University.

## Writing

Some of her published texts include:
* "Presence" in Point and Shoot: Performance et Photography,
* "Ready Access" in Public, No 25: Experimentalism (Toronto: Public Access, 2002),
* "Move This" and "4/14/99" (with Paula Levine) in LUX: A Decade of Artists’ Film and Video, ed. Steve Reinke and Tom Taylor (Toronto: YYZ Books, 1998)
* "(in)Script" and "SiRENSONG" in By the Skin of Their Tongues: Artists’ Video Scripts, ed. Nelson Henricks and Steve Reinke (Toronto: YYZ Books, 1996)
* Corpus Loquendi (Body for Speaking): Body-Centred Video in Halifax 1972- 1982 (Halifax: Dalhousie Art Gallery, 1994).

## Collections

Peacock's work is found in international public and private collections, including the National Gallery of Canada, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and Museum Ludwig in Cologne.

## Awards

She has won awards at the Atlantic Film & Video Festival (Best Experimental, 1990) the Chicago International Film & Video Festival (1992), and the Atlanta Film & Video Festival (1997). She is a recipient of the Bell Canada Award and the Canada Council Medal for her contribution to the field of video. Peacock received a Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts in 2012.

## Selected works

* Sirensong, 9 min. (1987)
* Nuits Blanches: Dark Days, Sleepless Nights, Voice and Nothing More (1990)
* White Wash (1991)
* Reader By The Window (1993)
* Book of Chairs (1997)
* The Road Rises To Meet You
# History of motorcycle speedway in Sweden

The History of motorcycle speedway in Sweden consists of the league tables of motorcycle speedway in Sweden.

## History

The first season was in 1948 but it was during the 1950s motorcycle speedway became one of Sweden's most popular team sports where each fixture drew audiences between 10,000 and 20,000 people.
The Swedish Speedway Team Championship was founded a few years earlier in 1948 and was inspired by British speedway including adopting the British teams nicknames in Swedish versions. For instance the Norrköping team became Vargarna (English: "The Wolves"), the Eskilstuna team became Smederna (English: "The Blacksmiths") and the club Motorsällskapet became Getingarna (English: "The Wasps"). As popularity of the sport grew there were many new clubs founded all around Sweden and during the 1950s more than 30 different clubs competed at least one season in the league system. Some of these teams were short lived and only survived a few years but some continue to compete in the Elitserien and Allsvenskan today.
# Lankenau Institute for Medical Research

Lankenau Institute for Medical Research (LIMR), founded in 1927, is a nonprofit, biomedical research institute located on the campus of Lankenau Medical Center in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, serving as the research division of the Main Line Health system in suburban Philadelphia. LIMR focuses on studies of cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune, gastrointestinal and other diseases.

## History

LIMR was one of the first U.S. research institutes to focus on cancer when it was founded in 1927. It was formerly known as the Lankenau Hospital Research Institute (LHRI) until 1980 and the Lankenau Medical Research Center (LMRC) from 1981-1999. Starting in 1941, LHRI also housed the Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), until the ICR was merged with the former American Oncology Hospital to create Fox Chase Cancer Center in 1974.
LHRI researcher David Hungerford is credited with the discovery of the first genetic abnormality in cancer, called the Philadelphia chromosome. It is detected in the vast majority of patients suffering from myelogenous leukemia. The first molecule-targeted drug to be created for cancer therapy, Gleevec (imatinib), acts by blocking this genetic abnormality.
LHRI researcher Baruch Blumberg is credited with the discovery of the hepatitis B virus and a blood test to detect it, as recognized by the 1976 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
LIMR carried out research into the role of IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) in cancer, including the first experimental therapeutics to directly inhibit this enzyme, which modifies inflammatory processes in cancer, autoimmune disease, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and other disorders.

## Background

George C. Prendergast is the President and CEO of LIMR since 2004.
# Henry Nielsen

Henry Nielsen may refer to:
* Henry Nielsen (actor) (1890–1967), Danish stage and film actor
* Henry Nielsen (athlete) (1910–1969), Danish middle- and long-distance runner
* Henry Nielsen (footballer)
# Henry Kariel

Henry S. Kariel (July 7, 1924 – July 8, 2004) was an American political scientist and author.

## Books

* The Decline of American Pluralism. 1961
* Promise of politics. 1966
* In search of authority: twentieth-century political thought. 1964. In over 500 libraries according to WorldCat
* Open systems; arenas for political action. 1969
* Political order; a reader in political science, edited by Henry S. Kariel. 1970
* Approaches to the study of political science. Edited by Michael Haas and Henry S. Kariel. 1970
* Frontiers of democratic theory. Edited by Henry S. Kariel. 1970
* Saving appearances; the reestablishment of political science. 1972
* Beyond liberalism, where relations grow. 1977
* Desperate politics of postmodernism. 1989
* Sources in twentieth-century political thought, edited by Henry S. Kariel.
# Panamalai

Panamalai lies 23 kilometers from Gingee, Viluppuram district in Tamil Nadu, India. The site is known as a location to various ancient structural temples built during the Pallava dynasty. One of them is the Talagirisvara Temple.

## Talagirisvara Temple

Narasimhavarman II, also known as Rajasimha or Rajamalla, is credited with constructing structural temples of Pallava dynasty namely the Shore Temple at Mamallapuram, Kailsanatha Temple and Talagirisvara temple at Panamalai. The temple is built on a small hillock overlooking the Panamalai lake. This 7th Century structure has a Vimana which resembles that of Kailasanatha temple of Kanchipuram.
The garbhagriha houses a Dharalingam and as in Pallava temples of that time, there is a Somaskanda panel on rear wall of the sanctum. There is an Ardhamandapam (half Mandapam). On the walls of the Ardhamandapam one can see panels of deities such as Brahma with Saraswati and Vishnu with Lakshmi on either side. The shrine faces east and the garbhagriha is surrounded on all the three sides by sub-shrines (Anga Kovil or Limb Shrines – which are attached to the main shrine). A few more sub-shrines and a Mahamandapam (a big Mandapam) have been added to the structure at much later period. The Vimana is three tiered and the top tier has been reconstructed. The pillars with squatting lions, a typical Pallava signature can also be found.
The sub-shrine to the north, has a small section of mural painting which has survived over the years, bearing testimony to the Pallavas' mastery of the art.

## Gallery

* Panamalai temple stone carving explaining its history bilingually in English and Tamil
* The residual portion of the mural found in Panamalai, bears testimony to the Pallava's mastery of painting
* View of the temple as you approach it climbing the hillock Dear Panamalai. Panamalai is a village located in the Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu state.
# Paul Clough

Paul Clough (born 27 September 1987), also known by the nickname of "Cloughy", is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop or second-row forward for Widnes Vikings in the RFL Championship and the England Knights at international level.
He has previously played in the Super League for St Helens, and on loan from St Helens at the Widnes Vikings. Clough played for the Bradford Bulls in the Kingstone Press Championship.

## Background

He was born in St Helens, Merseyside, England. He is the younger brother of the rugby league footballer John Clough.

## St Helens

In November 2006 Paul Clough was promoted to train full-time with the St Helens' first team squad. He had also been training with the squad in 2005's Super League X, but his performances saw him included in St Helens elite 25-man squad for the upcoming season. Clough was expected to compete for a regular first team spot over the next few years and was given the number 22 jersey for the 2007's Super League XII. Clough was a powerful second rower, a driving force in the tackle, and a player who was already physically imposing, especially considering his age. The backrower made his Super League début in July 2005 against Hull F.C..
Clough played in the 2008 Super League Grand Final defeat by the Leeds Rhinos. Clough was awarded the number 17 jersey for 2009's Super League XIV. Clough played in the 2009 Super League Grand Final defeat by Leeds at Old Trafford. Clough played in the 2011 Super League Grand Final defeat against Leeds at Old Trafford.

## Bradford Bulls

2015 - 2015 Season
Clough signed for the Bradford Bulls on a two-year deal. He featured in the pre-season friendlies against Castleford and Leeds. He featured in Round 1 against Leigh to Round 20 Hunslet R.L.F.C. then in Round 22 against Leigh to Round 23 Halifax. Clough played in Qualifier 1 against the Sheffield Eagles to Qualifier 7 Halifax R.L.F.C.|Halifax. Clough played in the £1 Million Game against the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. He also featured in the Challenge Cup in Round 4 Workington Town to Round 5 Hull Kingston Rovers.
2016 - 2016 Season
Clough did not feature in any of the pre-season friendlies. He featured in Round 6 Batley to Round 14 Sheffield then in Round 17 Workington Town to Round 19 Halifax R.L.F.C.|Halifax. Clough played in the Challenge Cup in the 4th Round Dewsbury.

## Huddersfield Giants

In November 2016 Clough signed for the Huddersfield Giants on a two-year deal beginning at the start of the 2017 Super League season. He had only played 45 times, scoring one try for Bradford.

## Widnes Vikings

On 24 August 2020 it was announced that Clough would join Widnes for the 2021 season on a one-year deal
# Marash Triple Junction

The Maraş Triple Junction is a geologic triple junction of three tectonic plates: the Anatolian Plate, the African Plate and the Arabian Plate.
The Maraş Triple Junction is found where the side-by-side African and Arabian plates, both drifting north and demarcated by the north-south trending Dead Sea Transform (itself an extension of the African Rift Valleys), come up against the Anatolian Plate lying across their path at the East Anatolian Fault. The junction site is near the Gulf of Alexandretta, and is ~700 km distant from the Karlıova Triple Junction. After a long quiescence, the Maras Triple Junction was ruptured by the violent 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.
# Manpa, Homalin

Manpa is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma.
# Papilio blumei

Papilio blumei, the green peacock or green swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found only on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It is sometimes confused with the more widespread P. palinurus, but that species is smaller and has mostly black tails (in P. blumei, the upper surface of the tails is mostly bluish green).
The wingspan of P. blumei is 120–140 mm (4.7–5.5 in).
The colours on the wings of some of these butterflies are metallic and are eye catching especially when viewed from a particular angle.
The remarkable feature of this butterfly's wing is that it contains rows of very small concave surfaces that reflect light in many ways. For instance, the centre of the concave surface reflects a yellow-green light and the edges reflect a blue light.
At the centre of the concavity, light is reflected directly but when light hits the edges, it bounces off into forming many layers, which amplifies and rotates the waves of light.
The final blend is known as structural colour due to the complexity by which it is produced.

## Technological inspiration

Researchers have taken about ten years to recreate a simplified replica of the surface of the butterfly's wing. They hope that such technology will result in bank notes and credit cards that are difficult to forge and also that it will lead to solar cells being more efficient at gathering energy from the sun.
Yet it is challenging to duplicate the surface of a butterfly's wing. Professor Ullrich Steiner of Cambridge University's Nanoscience Centre states that, "Despite the detailed scientific understanding of optics, the astonishingly varied colour palette found in nature often surpasses the optical effects that can be generated by technological means".

## Subspecies

There are two recognised subspecies:
* Papilio blumei blumei (northern Sulawesi)
* Papilio blumei fruhstorferi Röber, 1897 (southern Sulawesi)

## Protection

It is protected in Bantimurung – Bulusaraung National Park.
# Manpagale

Manpagale is a village in Kalewa Township, Kale District, in the Sagaing Region of western Burma. It lies on the left bank of the Chindwin River.
# List of protected heritage sites in Amel

This table shows an overview of the protected heritage sites in the Walloon town Amel. This list is part of Belgium's national heritage.
| Object | Town/section | Coordinates | Number | Image |
| Market cross $^{(nl)}$ $^{(de)}$ | Amel | 50°21′17″N 6°10′12″E﻿ / ﻿50.354589°N 6.170028°E﻿ / 50.354589; 6.170028 | 31004 Info | Market cross |
| St. Hubert church and graveyard $^{(nl)}$ $^{(de)}$ | Amel | 50°21′17″N 6°10′12″E﻿ / ﻿50.354589°N 6.170028°E﻿ / 50.354589; 6.170028 | 31027 Info | St. Hubert church and graveyard |
| Antoniushäuschen $^{(nl)}$ $^{(de)}$ | Amel | 50°21′17″N 6°10′12″E﻿ / ﻿50.354589°N 6.170028°E﻿ / 50.354589; 6.170028 | 31428 Info | Antoniushäuschen |
| Chapel of St. Sebastian $^{(nl)}$ $^{(de)}$ | Amel | 50°21′39″N 6°09′26″E﻿ / ﻿50.360821°N 6.157186°E﻿ / 50.360821; 6.157186 | 31006 Info | Chapel of St. Sebastian |
| St. Barbara chapel $^{(nl)}$ $^{(de)}$ | Amel | 50°21′41″N 6°07′43″E﻿ / ﻿50.361259°N 6.128741°E﻿ / 50.361259; 6.128741 | 31007 Info | St. Barbara chapel |
| St. Martin's church $^{(nl)}$ $^{(de)}$ | Amel | 50°19′44″N 6°11′20″E﻿ / ﻿50.328798°N 6.188986°E﻿ / 50.328798; 6.188986 | 31008 Info | St. Martin's church |
| Memorial cross $^{(nl)}$ $^{(de)}$ | Amel | 50°19′42″N 6°13′21″E﻿ / ﻿50.328225°N 6.222489°E﻿ / 50.328225; 6.222489 | 31005 Info | Memorial cross |
| Hof Schoppen $^{(nl)}$ $^{(de)}$ | Amel | 50°23′26″N 6°10′45″E﻿ / ﻿50.390653°N 6.179180°E﻿ / 50.390653; 6.179180 | 31009 Info | Hof Schoppen |
| Hülsburg $^{(nl)}$ $^{(de)}$ | Amel | 50°20′44″N 6°06′38″E﻿ / ﻿50.345477°N 6.110511°E﻿ / 50.345477; 6.110511 | 31021 Info | |
# Papilio caiguanabus

Papilio caiguanabus, the Poey's black swallowtail, is a species of Neotropical butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to Cuba.

## Description

P. caiguanabus has a peculiar appearance owing to the absence of the yellow discal bands and the enlargement of the submarginal spots.
# List of protected heritage sites in Anhée

This table shows an overview of the protected heritage sites in the Walloon town Anhée. This list is part of Belgium's national heritage.
| Object | Town/section | Address | Coordinates | Number$^?$ | Image |
| Church of Our Lady of the Nativity $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | Sosoye | 50°17′45″N 4°46′56″E﻿ / ﻿50.295844°N 4.782294°E﻿ / 50.295844; 4.782294 | 91005-CLT-0005-01 Info | Kerk Onze Lieve Vrouwe van de Geboorte ('Notre-Dame de la Nativité') en het ensemble van de kerk en het omliggende terreinMore images |
| Source 4 of Annevoie Castle $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | Annevoie-Rouillon | 50°20′37″N 4°50′22″E﻿ / ﻿50.343677°N 4.839329°E﻿ / 50.343677; 4.839329 | 91005-CLT-0006-01 Info | |
| Roof gables of Annevoie Castle $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | Annevoie-Rouillon | 50°20′42″N 4°50′36″E﻿ / ﻿50.344938°N 4.843379°E﻿ / 50.344938; 4.843379 | 91005-CLT-0007-01 Info | De gevels en daken van het kasteel van Annevoie en alle kamers op de begane grond en de muren en het dak van de schuur en het ensemble van het kasteel, bijgebouwen, tuinen en de omliggendeMore images |
| Source 1 and surroundings $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | Annevoie-Rouillon | 50°19′48″N 4°49′37″E﻿ / ﻿50.330016°N 4.826874°E﻿ / 50.330016; 4.826874 | 91005-CLT-0008-01 Info | |
| Source 2 and surroundings $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | Annevoie-Rouillon | 50°20′24″N 4°50′10″E﻿ / ﻿50.340028°N 4.835975°E﻿ / 50.340028; 4.835975 | 91005-CLT-0009-01 Info | |
| Source 3 and surroundings $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | Annevoie-Rouillon | 50°20′33″N 4°50′05″E﻿ / ﻿50.342452°N 4.834588°E﻿ / 50.342452; 4.834588 | 91005-CLT-0010-01 Info | |
| 18th century garden (of Annevoie Castle) $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | Annevoie-Rouillon | 50°20′35″N 4°50′29″E﻿ / ﻿50.343185°N 4.841471°E﻿ / 50.343185; 4.841471 | 91005-CLT-0011-01 Info | De tuinen uit de 18e eeuwMore images |
| Elm tree $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | rue de Graux, Denée | 50°19′14″N 4°44′37″E﻿ / ﻿50.320685°N 4.743635°E﻿ / 50.320685; 4.743635 | 91005-CLT-0012-01 Info | |
| Lawn of Ransinelle, called "de la montagne" $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | | 50°18′01″N 4°46′38″E﻿ / ﻿50.300225°N 4.777197°E﻿ / 50.300225; 4.777197 | 91005-CLT-0013-01 Info | |
| Castle Montaigle grounds $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | | 50°17′44″N 4°48′54″E﻿ / ﻿50.295633°N 4.815005°E﻿ / 50.295633; 4.815005 | 91005-CLT-0015-01 Info | Uitbreiding van de classificatie van de site vand e ruïnes van het kasteel van MontaigleMore images |
| Extension of grounds of ruins of Castle Montaigle $^{(nl)}$ $^{(fr)}$ | Anhée | | 50°17′44″N 4°48′54″E﻿ / ﻿50.295633°N 4.815005°E﻿ / 50.295633; 4.815005 | 91005-PEX-0001-01 Info | |