OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward

Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward, 470 U.S. 869 (1985), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a state cannot tax out-of-state insurance companies at a greater rate than domestic insurance companies under the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article Four of the United States Constitution.

## Facts and procedural history

Alabama passed a law which imposed greatly lower gross premiums tax rate on Alabama-based insurance companies than on out-of-state or foreign insurance companies. The statute permitted these out-of-state companies to invest in Alabama assets and securities, which could reduce (though not eliminate) the higher tax. Out-of-state insurance companies brought claims for refunds of taxes paid. They argued that the tax plan violated the Equal Protection Clause of the US Constitution. The State Commissioner of Insurance denied the claims. Alabama's court of first instance upheld the statute on summary judgment, finding that the statute did not violate the Equal Protection Clause. The Court reasoned that, among the legitimate state purposes are encouraging the formation of new insurance companies in Alabama and capital investment by foreign insurance companies in Alabama assets and securities, not to mention raising revenue via taxation. Thus, the distinction between foreign and domestic companies which was rationally related to those purposes, was acceptable. After two appeals, the Supreme Court of Alabama upheld these findings, and the case was brought to the United States Supreme Court.

## Supreme Court

Justice Powell, writing for the 5-4 majority, held two things. First, under the circumstances of the case, promotion of domestic business by discriminating against nonresidents is not a legitimate state purpose. The Court here distinguished this case from Western & Southern Life Ins. Co. v. State Board of Equalization of California. The law had no purpose but to burden foreign businesses for the benefit of Alabama businesses. This was, according to the Court, exactly the sort of behavior the Equal Protection Clause was written to prohibit. A state may not incur a higher tax on a business solely based on the state of one's residence. The Court noted that while the McCarran-Ferguson Act did take the insurance industry outside the purview of Commerce Clause restrictions, that did not extend to the Equal Protection Clause. While the doctrines are related, the Act did not stop both.
Second, promotion of investing in Alabama industry was a legitimate state interest. All insurance companies, domestic and foreign, were entitled to the tax breaks for the investment credits. However, because investment credits could not eliminate, but only lessen the tax burden on foreign insurance companies, this further demonstrated the unconstitutionality of Alabama's tax scheme.

### Dissenting opinion

Justice O'Connor wrote a dissent joined by Justices Brennan, Marshall, and Rehnquist. It argued that promoting domestic industry was a legitimate state interest, and the tax scheme was related to this purpose.
# New Hampshire Northcoast Corporation

The New Hampshire Northcoast Corporation (reporting mark NHN) is a Class III railroad owned by Boston Sand & Gravel and offering freight service in parts of New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the United States. The company owns 43 miles (69 km) of the former Boston and Maine Corporation's Conway Branch between Rollinsford and Ossipee, New Hampshire. The railroad's primary traffic is quarried sand. It interchanges cars with CSX in Dover, New Hampshire; the cars are then taken to the Boston Sand & Gravel plant in Charlestown, Massachusetts.
Other than the Boston gravel train, NHN also serves its own satellite gravel facility in Rochester, New Hampshire, as well as Eastern Propane at the same location and a few other freight customers. The company was founded in 1986 when the abandoned tracks were purchased. It has been proposed that the tracks be upgraded for passenger service between Boston and North Conway, New Hampshire.
NHN runs an average of two trains approximately five days a week: one southbound, and one northbound. The trains generally arrive at the pit in Ossipee around 11:00 AM and depart for the CSX interchange around 2:00 PM. "Shuttle" trains are run as needed to bring sand and gravel to the facility in Rochester. Once the train arrives in Dover, it assumes the CSX symbol DOBO (Dover to Boston) for the run to Boston. It returns as BODO (Boston to Dover) in the early morning. Until recently when they were replaced with a pair of EMD GP38-2s, the trains ran with several EMD GP9s.

## Roster

| Number | Builder | Type | Build date | Notes |
| 1801 | EMD | GP18 | 1960 | Oldest unit on the roster, acquired from the New England Southern Railroad as NEGS 503, before being repainted. Today, this locomotive sees limited use, typically on local ID2/DI1 to Rochester, New Hampshire. This loco sports a Nathan K5H horn |
| 3823 | EMD | GP38 | 1978 | Ex-Conrail 8242, acquired from Helm Leasing(HLCX) in the mid 2000s. This unit wears a Leslie RS5T horn. |
| 3825 | EMD | EMD GP38 | 1978 | Also an Ex-Conrail unit(numbered 8244), then went to HLCX leasing before ending up on New Hampshire Northcoast. This unit wears a Nathan K5LA horn. |
The railroad also has an FURX GP38-2(5509) on lease and is not owned by the NHN.
# IOOF Hall (Toronto)

The IOOF Hall in Toronto is a historic building erected for the Independent Order of Odd Fellows society. The building was designed for mix-use accommodating over 34 offices, a store selling imported and domestic cigars, and most importantly a 20’ wide by 46’ long grand hall for private meetings held by Toronto’s Independent Order of Odd Fellows. It was the first society hall in Toronto to be built with an electrically run elevator running up from the ground floor to the 3rd floor society rooms.
Oddfellows’ Hall is located on the northwest corner of Yonge Street and College Street, in Toronto, ON. The building was designed as an adaptation of the Gothic Revival style by Norman Dick and Frank Wickson in 1891 and was completed in 1893.
# Communauté de communes du canton de Roisel

The Communauté de communes du canton de Roisel is a former communauté de communes in the Somme département and in the Picardie région of France. It was created in December 1994. It was merged into the Communauté de communes de la Haute Somme in 2013.

## Composition

This Communauté de communes comprised 22 communes:
* Aizecourt-le-Bas
* Bernes
* Driencourt
* Épehy
* Fins
* Guyencourt-Saulcourt
* Hancourt
* Hervilly
* Hesbécourt
* Heudicourt
* Liéramont
* Longavesnes
* Marquaix
* Pœuilly
* Roisel
* Ronssoy
* Sorel
* Templeux-la-Fosse
* Templeux-le-Guérard
* Tincourt-Boucly
* Villers-Faucon
* Vraignes-en-Vermandois
# CVNH domain

In molecular biology, the CVNH domain (CyanoVirin-N Homology domain) is a conserved protein domain. It is found in the sugar-binding antiviral protein cyanovirin-N (CVN) as well as proteins from filamentous ascomycetes and in the fern Ceratopteris richardii.
Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is an 11-kDa protein from the cyanobacterium Nostoc ellipsosporum that displays virucidal activity against several viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). The virucidal activity of CV-N is mediated through specific high-affinity interactions with the viral surface envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, as well as to high-mannose oligosaccharides found on the HIV envelope. In addition, CV-N is active against rhinoviruses, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and enteric viruses. The virucidal activity of CV-N against influenza virus is directed towards viral haemagglutinin. CV-N has a complex fold composed of a duplication of a tandem repeat of two homologous motifs comprising three-stranded beta sheet and beta hairpins.
# Denise Woollard

Denise K. Woollard (born 1946) is a Canadian politician who was elected in the 2015 Alberta general election to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta representing the electoral district of Edmonton-Mill Creek. In the May 5, 2015 election, she defeated incumbent Progressive Conservative MLA and Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Gene Zwozdesky and other candidates to win the Edmonton Mill Creek seat.
She sought the NDP nomination in the redistributed riding of Edmonton-Meadows for the 2019 election, however she lost the nomination to Jasvir Deol and therefore did not run in the general election.

## Electoral history
### 2012 general election

vte2012 Alberta general election: Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Mike Allen | 3,609 | 48.99% | –14.42% |
| | Wildrose Alliance | Guy C. Boutilier | 3,164 | 42.95% | – |
| | New Democratic | Denise Woollard | 372 | 5.05% | –2.67% |
| | Liberal | Amy McBain | 222 | 3.01% | –21.65% |
| Total | Total | Total | 7,367 | – | – |
| Rejected, spoiled and declined | Rejected, spoiled and declined | Rejected, spoiled and declined | 55 | 32 | 0 |
| Eligible electors / turnout | Eligible electors / turnout | Eligible electors / turnout | 21,843 | 33.98% | +14.14% |
| | Progressive Conservative hold | Progressive Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | –16.35% |
| Source(s) Source: "59 - Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo, 2012 Alberta general election". officialresults.elections.ab.ca. Elections Alberta. Retrieved May 21, 2020. Chief Electoral Officer (2012). The Report of the Chief Electoral Officer on the 2011 Provincial Enumeration and Monday, April 23, 2012 Provincial General Election of the Twenty-eighth Legislative Assembly (PDF) (Report). Edmonton, Alta.: Elections Alberta. pp. 352–355. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved April 7, 2021. |||||||

### 2015 general election

vte2015 Alberta general election: Edmonton-Mill Creek :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | New Democratic | Denise Woollard | 9,025 | 55.94% | 44.83% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Gene Zwozdesky | 3,848 | 23.85% | -31.21% |
| | Liberal | Harpreet Gill | 1,896 | 11.75% | -1.88% |
| | Wildrose | Saqib Raja | 1,365 | 8.46% | -9.77% |
| Total | Total | Total | 16,134 | – | – |
| Rejected, spoiled and declined | Rejected, spoiled and declined | Rejected, spoiled and declined | 59 | – | – |
| Eligible electors / turnout | Eligible electors / turnout | Eligible electors / turnout | 32,521 | 49.79% | 1.69% |
| | New Democratic gain from Progressive Conservative | New Democratic gain from Progressive Conservative | Swing | Swing | -2.37% |
| Source(s) Source: "Elections Alberta 2015 General Election". Elections Alberta. Retrieved May 21, 2020. "40 - Edmonton-Mill Creek". officialresults.elections.ab.ca. Elections Alberta. Retrieved 4 June 2020. |||||||
# Medo de sentir

"Medo de sentir" (Portuguese pronunciation:; English: "Afraid of feeling", literally "Fear of feeling") is a song performed by Portuguese singer Elisa Silva and written by Portuguese singer-songwriter Marta Carvalho. It would have represented Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

## Eurovision Song Contest

The song was selected to represent Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, after Elisa Silva was selected through Festival da Canção 2020, the music competition that selects Portugal's entries for the Eurovision Song Contest. On 28 January 2020, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Portugal was placed into the second semi-final, set to be held on 14 May 2020, and was scheduled to perform in the second half of the show.
# Mutual engagement

Mutual engagement occurs when people creatively spark together and enter a state of group flow. It involves engagement with both the products of a joint activity and with the other participants who are contributing to those products. Mutual engagement is essential for technologically mediated creative collaborations such as group improvisation with new musical interfaces, distributed brainstorming, and so on.

## Identifying mutual engagement

Mutual engagement is about the points at which participants engage with each other in a creative collaboration. These points may be indicated by co-location of contributions, mutual modification of the joint product, discussions of quality of the joint product, or repetition and reinterpretation of others' contributions. These rely on participants' skills and expertise with the system.

## Designing for mutual engagement

User interfaces designed for mutual engagement should support mutual awareness of actions, shared and consistent representations, mutual modifiability, and annotation.

## Related work

Mutual engagement is critical to creative collaborations which rely on technology. The field of computer supported cooperative work is closely related, but focusses more on work, task, and office based activities. Wenger's characterization of mutual engagement in a community of practice focuses on participants ability to "engage with other members and respond in kind to their actions". From Wenger's perspective, mutual engagement is about the work involved in learning how to interact with other people in an emerging community of practice whereas the definition given here is about informing design of collaborative user interfaces.
# Maurice Gillis

Maurice Gillis (6 November 1897 – 22 March 1980) was a Belgian international footballer who played as a striker.

## Career

Gillis played for Standard Liège, and scored 8 goals in 23 appearances for the Belgian national side, including at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Let's Play (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Let's Play is an album by American jazz pianist Larry Willis recorded in 1991 and released on the SteepleChase label.

## Track listing

All compositions by Larry Willis except where noted
* "I Hear a Rhapsody" (George Fragos, Jack Baker, Dick Gasparre) – 9:05
* "Who Can I Turn To?" (Anthony Newley, Leslie Bricusse) – 6:45
* "Let's Play" – 11:54
* "No Blues" (Miles Davis) – 7:28
* "Anne" (Santi Debriano) – 6:32
* "The Children of Harlem" – 8:58
* "Bess, You Is My Woman Now" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 8:17
* "Nardis" (Miles Davis) – 7:32

## Personnel

* Larry Willis – piano
* Santi Debriano – bass
* Victor Lewis – drums
# Metro Now

Metro Now is a joint venture of The Times of India and the Hindustan Times, and is published by the Metropolitan Media Co Ltd. It was set up by Bennett & Coleman and HT Media. Launched on 5 February 2006, it is edited by Mr. Kamlesh Singh. Brought out in tabloid format, Metro Now will target the metro commuters in Delhi, a growing population.
Metro Now is the first morning tabloid. After a decade-long battle between The Times of India and the Hindustan Times, it was a surprise when they set up a joint venture, and came up with this colourful tabloid, which is targeted at readers who don't have sufficient time to read lengthy stories. It is said that the move is to counter the launch of the Delhi edition of Mumbai's DNA [Daily News & Analysis].
Sameer Kapoor, the CEO of Metropolitan Media Co Ltd, said "This product will set new benchmarks in the compact newspaper segment in India. It is aimed at the youth, age no bar. It's the newspaper for the young at heart. It has a fresh new look and a new content mix that will revive the newspaper-reading habit among the youth." 'It's fun, friendly and essentially Delhi,' added Metro Now editor Kamlesh Singh. 'Though the newspaper is city-centric, it will also have extensive coverage of India and the world. But always with a twist. It will be Delhi's perfectly balanced newspaper to go with the perfectly balanced coffee.'
Metro Now has been described as the compact, international style newspaper.
Metro Now published its last edition on 22 January 2009. The media house plans to print Metro Now as a weekly from January 24. It will be distributed free along with The Times of India and Hindustan Times every Saturday in Gurgaon.
# Poppitz

Poppitz is a 2002 Austrian comedy film directed by Harald Sicheritz.

## Cast

* Roland Düringer - Gerry Schartl
* Marie Bäumer - Lena Schartl
* Nora Heschl - Patrizia Schartl
* Kai Wiesinger - Ben
* Alfred Dorfer - Bertram Klingelmeier
* Reinhard Nowak - Fritz Nowak
* Oliver Korittke - Uwe Schalk
* Maria Hofstätter - Frau Kübel
* Eva Billisich [de] - Grete Nowak
# Micromyrtus acuta

Micromyrtus acuta is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with small, oblong leaves and small white flowers in the upper leaf axils.

## Description

Micromyrtus acuta is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.8–2 m (2 ft 7 in – 6 ft 7 in). It leaves are directed upwards, mostly arranged on the ends of branches, thick, blunt and oblong in outline, 1.5–1.8 mm (0.059–0.071 in) long and 0.6–0.8 mm (0.024–0.031 in) wide on a petiole 0.3–0.4 mm (0.012–0.016 in) long, with four to six prominent oil glands. The flowers are 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) in diameter, and arranged in three to eight upper leaf axils on a peduncle 0.7–1.1 mm (0.028–0.043 in) long with narrowly egg-shaped bracteoles 1.1–1.4 mm (0.043–0.055 in) long at the base. The sepals are egg-shaped, 0.4–0.5 mm (0.016–0.020 in) long and the petals are white, elliptic to egg-shaped and 1.5–2.0 mm (0.059–0.079 in) long. There are ten stamens, the filaments 0.30–0.35 mm (0.012–0.014 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Micromyrtus acuta was first formally described in 2006 by Barbara Lynette Rye in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected near Paynes Find in 1977. The specific epithet (acuta) means "sharply pointed", referring to the tips of the flower buds and sepals.

## Distribution and habitat

This species of micromyrtus grows in open shrubland from near Lake Monger to near Paynes Find in the Avon Wheatbelt and Yalgo bioregions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Micromyrtus acuta is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.
# Rahl

Rahl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl Rahl (1812–1865), Austrian painter
* Mady Rahl (1915–2009), German stage and film actress

## The Sword of Truth fictional characters

* Darken Rahl
* Jennsen Rahl
* Richard Rahl
* Nathan Rahl
* Oba Rahl
* Panis Rahl
# Medo Township, Blue Earth County, Minnesota

Medo Township is a township in Blue Earth County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 374 as of the 2000 census.

## History

Medo Township was organized in 1863.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.7 square miles (92.5 km$^2$), of which 35.0 square miles (90.6 km$^2$) is land and 0.8 square miles (1.9 km$^2$) (2.10%) is water.
The city of Pemberton is entirely within this township geographically but is a separate entity.

### Lakes

* Cottonwood Lake
* Perch Lake (east quarter)
* Severson Lake

### Adjacent townships

* McPherson Township (north)
* Alton Township, Waseca County (northeast)
* Freedom Township, Waseca County (east)
* Vivian Township, Waseca County (southeast)
* Danville Township (south)
* Mapleton Township (southwest)
* Beauford Township (west)
* Decoria Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township includes the following cemeteries: Medo, Medo Center and Medo-McPherson.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 374 people, 126 households, and 105 families residing in the township. The population density was 10.7 people per square mile (4.1/km$^2$). There were 131 housing units at an average density of 3.7/sq mi (1.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.33% White, 1.60% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.41% of the population.
There were 126 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.2% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.9% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.27.
In the township the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $42,159, and the median income for a family was $41,111. Males had a median income of $29,643 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,418. About 11.2% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.1% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.
# Cockroach (startup)

A cockroach is a business that – from inception forward – grows gradually and progressively. It puts a specific emphasis on revenues as well as profits, and ensures a tight cost control to make its growth especially robust as far as finances are concerned. Oftentimes, these cockroaches are considered more resilient, and thus are a less risky investment than "unicorns".
# Kapıaçmaz, Kovancılar

Kapıaçmaz is a neighbourhood of the town Kovancılar of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 752 (2021).
# License (album)

License is the fourth studio album by Japanese pop singer Aya Ueto. It was released on March 8, 2006 on Flight Master.

## Background

License includes Ueto's previous singles "Yume no Chikara", "Kaze wo Ukete", and "Egao no Mama de." The album took a more adult direction than her previous releases. The last track, "Fermata", was penned by Ueto's brother Makoto. License was released in two formats: limited CD+DVD edition, which includes a DVD featuring the music video and making of "Egao no Mama de" as well as a special interview, and the standard CD only edition.

## Chart performance

License peaked at #9 on the Oricon Daily Albums Chart and debuted at #19 on the Weekly Albums Chart with 16,029 copies sold. The album charted for a total of four weeks and sold over 22,000 copies.

## Charts and sales

| Chart (2006) | Peak position | Sales |
| Japan Oricon Daily Albums Chart | 9 | 21,746 |
| Japan Oricon Weekly Albums Chart | 19 | 21,746 |
# Pratap Rudra Singh Deo

Pratap Rudra Singh Deo (23 July 1853 – 8 August 1902 ), was Raja of Sonepur from 1891 until his death in 1902.

## Biography

He was born on 23 July 1853 to Niladhar Singh Deo. He succeeded his father on 11 September 1891. He had earned himself the reputation of a capable and wise ruler by his conduct and the management of his affairs. He obtained the title of Raja Bahadur on 1 January 1898 in recognition of the improved methods of administration he introduced. He died on 8 August 1902, and the succession passed to his eldest son, Bir Mitrodaya Singh Deo.