OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust is an NHS trust responsible for the management of Kettering General Hospital and a new outpatient centre in Irthlingborough, East Northamptonshire.

## History

Kettering General came under the management of a separate NHS Trust in 1994. It achieved Foundation Trust status in November 2008, which is a fundamental part of the current NHS reform program. The Trust has outpatient clinics in Corby, Wellingborough and Rushden. The trust (including Kettering General) has 600 beds, 17 theaters and employs more than 3,200 staff. David Sissling, former Chief Executive of the NHS in Wales was appointed as the new chief executive of the Trust in January 2014 replacing Lorene Read. In 2014/5 the trust was given a loan of £7.4 million by the Department of Health which is supposed to be paid back in five years. The trust opened a new outpatient centre in Irthlingborough, East Northamptonshire, intended to replace Rushden Memorial Clinic, in February 2011.
It started a major medical records digitisation project in 2021. More than 220,000 medical records will be scanned into the IMMJ Systems MediViewer Electronic Document Management System by Swiss Post Solutions.

## Performance

In 2017 Kettering General created controversy when it was reported that the hospital management had fiddled waiting time data. The Trust commissioned an independent review of its handling errors, which found no evidence of fraud.
# Oscillator linewidth

The concept of a linewidth is borrowed from laser spectroscopy. The linewidth of a laser is a measure of its phase noise. The spectrogram of a laser is produced by passing its light through a prism. The spectrogram of the output of a pure noise-free laser will consist of a single infinitely thin line. If the laser exhibits phase noise, the line will have non-zero width. The greater the phase noise, the wider the line. The same will be true with oscillators. The spectrum of the output of a noise-free oscillator has energy at each of the harmonics of the output signal, but the bandwidth of each harmonic will be zero. If the oscillator exhibits phase noise, the harmonics will not have zero bandwidth. The more phase noise the oscillator exhibits, the wider the bandwidth of each harmonic.
Phase noise is a noise in the phase of the signal. Consider the following noise free signal:
    v(t) = Acos(2πf$_0$t).
Phase noise is added to this signal by adding a stochastic process represented by φ to the signal as follows:
    v(t) = Acos(2πf$_0$t + φ(t)).
If the phase noise in an oscillator stems from white noise sources, then the power spectral density (PSD) of the phase noise produced by an oscillator will be S$_φ$(f) = n/f$^2$, where n specifies the amount of noise. The PSD of the output signal would then be
    $S_{v}(f)={\frac {A^{2}}{2}}{\frac {cf_{0}^{2}}{c^{2}\pi ^{2}f_{0}^{4}+(f-f_{0})^{2}}},$
where n = 2cf$_0$$^2$. Define the corner frequency f$_Δ$ = cπ f$_0$$^2$ as the linewidth of the oscillator. Then
    $S_{v}(f_{0}+\Delta f)={\frac {A^{2}}{2\pi }}{\frac {f_{\Delta }}{f_{\Delta }^{2}+\Delta f^{2}}}.$
It is more common to report oscillator phase noise as L, the ratio of the single-sideband (SSB) phase noise power to the power in the fundamental (in dBc/Hz). In this case
    $L(\Delta f)={\frac {1}{\pi }}{\frac {f_{\Delta }}{f_{\Delta }^{2}+\Delta f^{2}}}.$
Adding phase noise neither increases nor decreases the power of the signal. It simply redistributes the power by increasing the bandwidth over which the signal is present while decreasing the amplitude of the signal that occurs at the nominal oscillation frequency. The total noise power, as found by integrating the power spectral density over all frequencies, remains constant regardless of the amount of phase noise. This is illustrated in the figures on the right. It can be proven by integrating L over all frequencies to compute the total power of the signal.
    $\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }L(\Delta f)d\Delta f={\frac {f_{\Delta }}{\pi }}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }{\frac {d\Delta f}{f_{\Delta }^{2}+\Delta f^{2}}}=\left.{\frac {1}{\pi }}\tan ^{-1}({\frac {\Delta f}{f_{\Delta }}})\right|_{-\infty }^{\infty }=1$
# Laxmibil

Laxmibil is a village located in the West Tripura District, Tripura, India. The population is 6,684. 3,521 people are male. 3,163 are female.
# Multinational Logistics Services scandal

The Multinational Logistics Services (MLS) scandal is being compared to that of the Fat Leonard scandal. Both involve a husbanding agent that has charged exorbitant fees to the United States Navy in exchange for port services for ships, with the Fat Leonard scandal centered around the United States Seventh Fleet and MLS around the United States Fifth Fleet.
The CEO of MLS, Frank Rafaraci, is accused of defrauding the Navy out of "least $50 million by inflating invoices for ship services between 2011 and 2018".

## Case

"According to the affidavit in support of a criminal complaint filed in September, Frank S. Rafaraci, 68, a U.S. citizen who resides abroad, has been the CEO of MLS since at least 2005. MLS is a defense contractor that provides ship husbanding services, such as refueling and stocking provisions, to U.S. Navy ships at ports worldwide. From approximately 2010 to the present, the U.S. Navy, other U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) components, and U.S. government civilian agencies awarded husbanding services contracts to MLS worth approximately $1.3 billion. The affidavit further alleges that, beginning in 2011, Rafaraci was involved in a wide-ranging scheme to bribe U.S. Navy officials, defraud the U.S. Navy using falsely inflated invoices, and launder the proceeds of the scheme through shell companies Rafaraci had set up in the United Arab Emirates, all in an effort to benefit MLS. Rafaraci made his initial appearance earlier today before U.S. Magistrate Judge G. Michael Harvey of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.".

## Investigation

Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS), Navy Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS), Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI), and Army Criminal Investigative Division are investigating the case. Valuable assistance was provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), U.S. Department of State's Diplomatic Security Service, the Malta Police Force, Malta Office of the Attorney General, Essex Police, and U.K. International Crime Coordination Centre.
Court records show that DCIS agent Cordell "Trey" DeLaPena is a lead investigator in both the Fat Leonard and MLS cases.
# Kevin Snead

Kevin Lamont Snead (born November 22, 1991) is an American football player for the New York Giants and a former All-American sprinter. His college track career includes an SAC championship in the 100 and 200-meter dashes and four All-America honors. The U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association once referred to Snead as the “Fastest Man in College Football.”

## Early life

Snead is originally from Richmond, Virginia. He ran track at George Wythe High School before attending Pima and Mesa Community Colleges in Arizona. Snead then transferred to Eastern Michigan University for the 2014-2015 academic year. After his transfer, Snead won a MAC championship.
Snead then attended Carson-Newman University, a Division II program in Jefferson City, Tennessee on a track scholarship. During Snead’s time in the Division II program, he won an SAC championship in the 100 and 200-meter dashes. He won All-America honors on four occasions. In 2016, Snead reached the university’s indoor track record of 6.77 seconds for 60 meters.
In 2016, Snead participated in the Bahamian Olympic Trials. He reached third place in the men's 100 meter run with a 10.44 second time and reached the second-fastest qualifying time for the 200 meter with a 21.03 second time.
While attending Carson-Newman, Snead played wide receiver.

## Professional career

During the 2017 Pro Day, Snead’s 40-yard dash was hand-clocked at 4.22 seconds. This matched a combine record set by Cincinnati Bengals wideout Jon Ross.
In 2017, Snead signed a free-agent contract with the New York Giants. After three months, Snead incurred a hamstring tear and the New York Giants released him shortly thereafter.
In April 2018, Snead participated in the Spring League, a three-week professional football league which showcases for the CFL and NFL scouts.
On June 12, 2018, he participated in the New Orleans Saints Minicamp, his first full-team NFL workout following his hamstring injury.
Snead is not currently signed to and NFL team, but sports analyst Lance Zierlein stated that Snead’s speed and leaping ability could win spots as either wide receiver or cornerback.
# Kevin Gaudet

Kevin Gaudet (born October 22, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, now working as a coach. He is currently serving as head coach of the Hannover Scorpions.

## Playing career

Gaudet attended the Université de Moncton and helped "Les Aigles Bleus" win back-to-back Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union Men's Ice Hockey championships in 1981 and 1982. The championship-winning teams were inducted into the New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame in 2004.
He spent some time with the Moncton Hawks of the American Hockey League and was trying out with NHL sides Edmonton Oilers and Minnesota North Stars, before making the move to France, where he played for HC Val Vanoise between 1985 and 1991.
In 1991, Gaudet signed with ESC Wedemark of Germany, serving as player/coach. He led the team to the Oberliga championship and to promotion to the 1. Liga in 1994. Gaudet brought an end to his playing career in 1995 and focussed on coaching at ESC Wedemark after retiring as a player.

## Coaching career

Under Gaudet's tutelage, ESC Wedemark captured the 1.Liga title in his first season as full-time head coach and earned a spot in the German top flight Deutsche Eishockey Liga for the following campaign. His first stint with the organization that changed its name to Hannover Scorpions in 1997, ended in January 2000. However, Gaudet returned to the Hannover bench at the beginning of the 2000-01 campaign, but was relieved of his duties midway through the season in January 2001.
In December 2001, he was named head coach of EHC Straubing of Germany's second division and remained at the job until November 2004. He left Straubing to accept an offer to come back to Hannover for a third stint. Gaudet led the Scorpions to the DEL playoff semifinals in 2005-06 and parted company with the club at the end of the season.
From 2007 to 2011, Gaudet served as head coach of Austrian top-tier club Vienna Capitals.
In November 2011, he assumed head coaching duties with the Bietigheim Stealers who lifted silverware in Gaudet’s first season, capturing the 2011-12 DEB cup competition. In 2012-13, the Bietigheim team won the double of DEB-Pokal and 2. Bundesliga championship and took home the DEL2 title in 2015. Gaudet received 2. Bundesliga Coach of the Year honors in 2013 and DEL2 Coach of the Year distinction in 2015. In the 2017-18 season, he guided Bietigheim to a third championship title.
In May 2018, Gaudet took over the head coaching job at German DEL side Nürnberg Ice Tigers, but in September 2018 parted company with the team only four games into the season due to “different views on tactical and leaderships aspects". In May 2019, he was named head coach of German DEL2 side EC Bad Tölz. He and his team suffered relegation from the DEL 2 in 2022. Gaudet and EC Bad Tölz parted ways on April 14, 2022.
On April 26, 2022, Gaudet returned to the Hannover Scorpions for another stint as head coach.
# Leandre Dal Ponte

Leandre Dal Ponte (born 20 December 1975), sometimes known more simply as Leandre, is a Brazilian politician and civil engineer. She has spent her political career representing her home state of Paraná, having served as state representative from 2015.

## Personal life

She is the daughter of Nadilo Dal Ponte and Maria Selvina. Prior to becoming a politician Pal Ponte worked as a civil engineer, and is an alumnus of Universidade Positivo. From 1997 to 2000 she served as the municipal secretary of health for the municipality of Saudade do Iguaçu.

## Political career

Dal Ponte voted in favor of the impeachment motion of then-president Dilma Rousseff. She would later vote in favor of opening a similar corruption investigation against Rousseff's successor Michel Temer, and voted in favor of the proposed 2017 Brazilian labor reforms.
# Osismii

The Osismii, Ossismii, or Ostimii (also Ossismi, Osismi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the western part of the Armorican Peninsula (modern Brittany) during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

## Etymology

They are mentioned as Osismos and Osismi (var. ossismi) by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), O̓sísmioi (Ὀσίσμιοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), Ossismos by Pliny (1st c. AD), O̓sismíous (Ὀσισμίους; var. Ὀσίσμιοι, Ὀσισμαίους) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as Osismis in the Notitia Dignitatum (5th c. AD). According to Strabo, the Massaliote explorer Pytheas, who travelled to northwestern Europe in the late 4th century BC, reported the variant Ōstimíous (Ὠστιμίους), which seems to be the earliest attested form of the name, documented before the Gaulish sound shift -st- > -ss- occurred.
   Secondly, there are the Osismii (whom Pytheas calls the Ostimii), who live on a promontory that projects quite far out into the ocean, though not so far as he and those who have trusted him say.
The Gaulish ethnonym Ostim(i)i (sing. Ostim(i)os) literally means 'the ultimate', that is to say 'the remotest people', 'those who dwell at the extremity of the Armorican Peninsula'. It derives from the Celtic stem ostim- ('ultimate, extreme'), itself from an earlier *postim- ('last'; cf. Lat. postumus 'last-born, final'). In Middle French, the territory they occupied was known as (Fine) Posterne.

## Geography

The territory of the Osismii was located at the extremity of the Brittany Peninsula, west of the Veneti and Coriosolites.
Pytheas situated the Osismii at the end of the peninsula of Kabaïon, which is not clearly identifiable today. This could be related to large peninsula of Cap-Sizun, on the southern-western coast of Finistère, just before reaching the difficult maritime pass of Pointe du Raz where the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and of the English channel are joining; this peninsula offers to the south a natural safe harbour in the aber and bay of today's town of Audierne, as well as in the bay of today's Douarnenez, to the north of the peninsula. Other hypotheses situate it in the small peninsula of Kermorvan in today's commune of Ploumoguer and bordering the ria of Le Conquet, but the whole peninsula of Crozon with its large bays and safe harbors is not excluded, even if it does not extend to the westernmost point.
Their chief town was Vorgium (present-day Carhaix).

## History

They submitted to Caesar during the Gallic Wars, in 58 BC, but took part in an insurrection against Rome in 56 BC.
# Le Freney-d'Oisans

Le Freney-d'Oisans (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.
# Lebanon at the 2011 Asian Winter Games

Lebanon participated in the 2011 Asian Winter Games in Almaty and Astana, Kazakhstan from January 30, 2011 to February 6, 2011.

## Alpine skiing
### Men

* Tarek Fenianos
* Philippe Araman
# Multiscale decision-making

Multiscale decision-making, also referred to as multiscale decision theory (MSDT), is an approach in operations research that combines game theory, multi-agent influence diagrams, in particular dependency graphs, and Markov decision processes to solve multiscale challenges in sociotechnical systems. MSDT considers interdependencies within and between the following scales: system level, time and information.
Multiscale decision theory builds upon decision theory and multiscale mathematics. Multiscale decision theory can model and analyze complex decision-making networks that exhibit multiscale phenomena. The theory's results can be used by mechanism designers and decision-makers in organizations and complex systems to improve system performance and decision quality.
Multiscale decision theory has been applied to manufacturing enterprise enterprises, service systems, supply chain management, healthcare, systems engineering, among others. In healthcare, for example, MSDT has been used to identify multi-level incentives that can improve healthcare value (quality of outcomes per dollar spent). The Multiscale Decision Making Laboratory at Virginia Tech directed by Dr. Christian Wernz is working at the forefront of MSDT theory and applications.
Multiscale decision theory is related to:
* Multiscale modeling
* Decision analysis
* Cooperative distributed problem solving
* Decentralized decision making
# Otter Trail

vteOtter Trail :
The Otter Trail is a hiking trail along the Garden Route coast of South Africa and is named for the Cape clawless otter which occurs in this region. This trail is widely regarded as one of the finest in the world and stretches from Storms River Mouth in the east to Nature's Valley in the west, is 26 km long as the crow flies and 44 km as the hiker walks. Walking the trail takes 5 days, and the 4 nights are spent in comfortable huts with superb views. The route is located entirely within the Tsitsikamma National Park, which protects an 80 km long strip of coastal mountains, forest and beaches.
The trail traverses a very scenic landscape, never straying far from the shoreline, but often climbing steeply and then descending to the beach or a river crossing. Vegetation along the way is either fynbos, dense gallery forest or open, rocky sections near the sea with an abundance of wildflowers.

## Trail landmarks

* Storms River Mouth 34°01′15.6″S 23°52′48″E﻿ / ﻿34.021000°S 23.88000°E﻿ / -34.021000; 23.88000﻿ (Storms River Mouth)
* Ngubu huts 34°01′2.9″S 23°50′31.2″E﻿ / ﻿34.017472°S 23.842000°E﻿ / -34.017472; 23.842000﻿ (Ngubu huts)
* Oakhurst huts 33°59′42.7″S 23°44′2.5″E﻿ / ﻿33.995194°S 23.734028°E﻿ / -33.995194; 23.734028﻿ (Oakhurst huts)
* Scott hut 34°00′22.4″S 23°47′10.1″E﻿ / ﻿34.006222°S 23.786139°E﻿ / -34.006222; 23.786139﻿ (Scott hut)
* André huts 33°58′45″S 23°37′5.3″E﻿ / ﻿33.97917°S 23.618139°E﻿ / -33.97917; 23.618139﻿ (André Huts)
* Grootrivier, Nature's Valley 33°58′56″S 23°34′36″E﻿ / ﻿33.98222°S 23.57667°E﻿ / -33.98222; 23.57667﻿ (Grootrivier)

## Trail stages

* Day 1 - 4.8 km (± 2 hours) Storms River Mouth - Ngubu
* Day 2 - 7.9 km (± 4 hours) Ngubu - Scott
* Day 3 - 7.7 km (± 4 hours) Scott - Oakhurst
* Day 4 - 13.8 km (± 6 hours) Oakhurst - André
* Day 5 - 9.8 km (previously 6.8 km) (± 3 hours) Vasselot - Nature's Valley
* Total distance 44 km

## Elevation distances - vertical climb and descent

* Day 1 - 561 m total vertical - Climb 188 m - Descent -373 m
* Day 2 - 1480 m total vertical - Climb 746 m - Descent -734 m
* Day 3 - 1257 m total vertical - Climb 623 m - Descent -634 m
* Day 4 - 1905 m total vertical - Climb 945 m - Descent -960 m
* Day 5 - 926 m total vertical - Climb 466 m - Descent -460 m
* Total elevation distance 6.13 km

## Gallery

* Tidal pools at Ngubu huts
* Oakhurst huts at Lottering estuary
* Sunset at André huts, Kliprivier
* Bloukrans river mouth
# Otiophora leucotypa

Otiophora leucotypa is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1903. It is found in Australia.
# Otiophora (plant)

Otiophora is a genus of plants in the family Rubiaceae. There are approximately 20 species. Natural distribution range for the genus includes Madagascar and much of central and southern Africa from South Africa north to Tanzania and Nigeria.
# Kevlarsjäl

"Kevlarsjäl" is a song by Swedish alternative rock band Kent. It was released in September 2000 as the third single from the album Hagnesta Hill.
The single contains the non-album track "Längtan skala 3:1" that was specially recorded for an Amnesty charity album. The two other B-sides are from the English version of Hagnesta Hill that were not recorded in Swedish.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Joakim Berg

## Charts

Chart performance for "Kevlarsjäl" :
| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 23 |
# Murat İbrahim Uslu

Murat İbrahim Uslu (born 17 July 1978) is a Turkish former professional footballer.
# Murehe

Murehe is a village in the Commune of Bururi in Bururi Province in southern Burundi. By road it is located 21.1 kilometres southeast of Bururi. Missionaries have been present in Murehe but the village is said to have "suffered" a shortage of them. During the genocide, the Minister of the Interior met at the dispensary in Murehe in a meeting on August 7, 1996.
# Muredach Dynan

Muredach Benedict Camillas Dynan (1938–2021) was a university professor and senior academic administrator.

## Career

Dynan was born in Belfast in 1938 where he attended St Mary's Christian Brothers' Grammar School, Belfast. He then proceeded to Queen's University Belfast from which he was awarded a first class honours degree in physics, coming first in his year group.
After graduation he taught for a period at St Dominic's Grammar School for Girls, Belfast before obtaining a post of lecturer at St. Mary's Teacher Training College, Belfast.
In 1976, he emigrated to Australia, where he obtained a PhD in education from Murdoch University in 1985 for a thesis on curriculum innovation. In 1986, he was appointed deputy principal to the then Catholic College of Education Sydney, New South Wales and in 1990 appointed as acting principal. In 1991, the Australian Catholic University was established by joining the Sydney college with colleges in Melbourne, Brisbane and Canberra. Dynan was confirmed as principal of the New South Wales Division. In 1995, he was appointed as ACU's first pro-vice-chancellor, located in Brisbane and with responsibility for quality assurance and outreach, a role he held until 2003. On retirement he was granted the title of emeritus professor.
In 2004, he returned to live in Newry, Northern Ireland. He became the inaugural chair of the board of directors of Edmund Rice Schools Trust, Northern Ireland. He was also appointed a board member of the Education Authority.

## Awards

* 1989: Knight of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
* 2004: Professor emeritus, Australian Catholic University
* 2020: Edmund Rice Medal
# Munnozia pinnatipartita

Munnozia pinnatipartita is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Munnozia asplundii

Munnozia asplundii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Munns

Munns is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Charles L. Munns (born 1950), American navy officer
* George Munns (1877–1954), New Zealand politician
* Jack Munns (born 1993), English football player
* Les Munns (1908–1997), American baseball player
* Luke Munns (born 1980), Australian musician
* Margaret Cairns Munns (1870–1957), American teacher temperance activist
* Rana Ellen Munns, Australian botanist
* Ray Munns (born 1980), American DJ
# Khagipur Sandwa

Khagipur Sandwa is a village in Rahi block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 10 km from Rae Bareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 2,020 people, in 375 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Khagipur Sandwa as comprising 7 hamlets, with a total population of 769 people (398 male and 371 female), in 143 households and 132 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 557 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Khagipur Sandwa (as "Khamipur Sandwa") as having a population of 1,146 people, in 217 households. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.