OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Holttum Hall

Holttum Hall is a historic building in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Previously the office and laboratory of Richard Eric Holttum, the director of the gardens, it currently houses the Singapore Botanic Gardens Heritage Museum, which is also known as the SBG Heritage Museum.

## Description

The two-storey building is symmetrical and compact. Its design is inspired by English Vernacular architecture with some elements of Classical architecture. It features a hipped gable roof and a timber frame porch with a pitched tile roof.

## History

The building was constructed in 1920. It served as the office and laboratory of Richard Eric Holttum, who served as the Assistant Director of the gardens from 1922 to 1925, and then as its Director from 1925 to 1949. It was gazetted for conservation by the Urban Redevelopment Authority on 23 May 2008, along with eight other buildings within the gardens, including Burkill Hall, Ridley Hall and the E J H Corner House.
In April 2013, it was announced that the Singapore Botanic Gardens Heritage Museum would be opened in the building. The museum was to "showcase the gardens' 154-year-long history. The museum opened on 30 November, featuring interactive exhibitions, plant specimens and artefacts. These included artefacts of businessman Hoo Ah Kay, who provided the land for the botanic gardens, which were donated by his great-granddaughter. It "chronicles the evolution of the gardens". The museum was also accompanied by an eco-gallery, which was the first "zero-energy green gallery" in Singapore and was to showcase new greening or botanical exhibitions every six to nine months. The gallery's façade was made of Hempcrete, reportedly the first building in Singapore to make use of the material. According to Time Out "incorporates solar panel roofs and energy-efficient interior fittings, promoting sustainability."
The museum was closed for refurbishment in late March 2023 and reopened on 24 June, coinciding with the garden's annual heritage celebration, with new installations and exhibits on newer sections of the garden.
# Mardasavas (Merkinė)

Mardasavas (Merkinė) is a village in Varėna district municipality, in Alytus County, in southeastern Lithuania.

## Demographics

According to the 2001 census, the village has a population of 34 people.
# Cyperus microglumis

Cyperus microglumis is a species of sedge that is native to eastern parts of Africa.
# Chironius maculoventris

Chironius maculoventris, the central sipo, is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is found in Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil.
# List of New York Rangers general managers

The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in Manhattan, New York. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). Playing their home games at Madison Square Garden, the Rangers are one of the oldest teams in the NHL, having joined in 1926 as an expansion franchise, and are part of the group of teams referred to as the Original Six. The Rangers were the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the Stanley Cup, which they have done four times (most recently in 1994). The team is commonly referred to by its famous nickname, "The Broadway Blueshirts", or more commonly in New York media, as simply the "Blueshirts". The team has had eleven general managers since their inception, not including Conn Smythe. Smythe built the first Rangers team but was fired prior to the start of the inaugural season.

## Key

Key of terms and definitions :
| Term | Definition |
| No. | Number of general managers |
| Ref(s) | References |
| – | Does not apply |
| † | Elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in the Builder category |

## General managers

General managers of the New York Rangers :
| No. | Name | Tenure | Accomplishments during this term |
| – | Conn Smythe | 1926 – October 27, 1926 | |
| 1 | Lester Patrick | October 27, 1926 – February 21, 1946 | Won Stanley Cup 3 times in 6 finals appearances (1928, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1937, 1940) 2 division titles and 15 playoff appearances |
| 2 | Frank Boucher | February 21, 1946 – April 22, 1955 | 1 Stanley Cup Finals appearance (1950) 2 playoff appearances |
| 3 | Muzz Patrick | April 22, 1955 – October 30, 1964 | 4 playoff appearances |
| 4 | Emile Francis† | October 30, 1964 – January 6, 1976 | 1 Stanley Cup Finals appearance (1972) 9 playoff appearances |
| 5 | John Ferguson Sr. | January 7, 1976 – June 2, 1978 | 1 playoff appearance |
| 6 | Fred Shero† | June 2, 1978 – November 21, 1980 | 1 Stanley Cup Finals appearance (1979) 2 playoff appearances |
| 7 | Craig Patrick | November 21, 1980 – July 14, 1986 | 6 playoff appearances |
| 8 | Phil Esposito | July 14, 1986 – May 24, 1989 | 2 playoff appearances |
| 9 | Neil Smith | July 17, 1989 – March 28, 2000 | Won Presidents' Trophy two times (1991–92, 1993–94) Won Stanley Cup (1994) 1 conference title, 3 division titles, and 7 playoff appearances |
| 10 | Glen Sather | June 1, 2000 – July 1, 2015 | 1 Stanley Cup Finals appearance (2014) Won Presidents' Trophy (2014–15) 1 conference title, 2 division titles, and 9 playoff appearances |
| 11 | Jeff Gorton | July 1, 2015 – May 5, 2021 | 2 playoff appearances 1 Qualifiers appearance |
| 12 | Chris Drury | May 5, 2021 – Present | 3 playoff appearances 2 Conference Final appearances Won Presidents' Trophy (2023–24) |
# Murakami Yoshikiyo

Murakami Yoshikiyo (村上 義清, 1501–1573) was a Japanese samurai from the Murakami clan [ja] and retainer of the Uesugi clan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century. Yoshikiyo followed in fighting against both Takeda Nobutora and his son Takeda Shingen. Yoshikiyo was also a very close ally under Uesugi Kenshin and one of Shingen's bitterest opponents for his high kill-counts in their conflicts.
Before Murakami came into conflict with Takeda, they had good diplomatic relations as Yoshikiyo had sent back Oi Sadataka, a common enemy of both Murakami and Takeda when he was captured in Murakami's domain back to Takeda's base city of Kōfu as a prisoner for execution.
In 1542, Murakami joined a coalition with Ogasawara Nagatoki, Suwa Yorishige, and Kiso Yoshiyasu to oppose Takeda Shingen's growing forces. The two sides met at the Battle of Sezawa, with the coalition suffering a defeat in the battle.
In 1546, when Shingen and the Takeda forces arrived to attack Toishi Castle. Yoshikiyo came to the rescue commanding 6000 soldiers, crushing Shingen's spearhead and claiming the life of some commanders such as Amari Bizen and Yokota Bitchū. He suffered defeat after some of Takeda's more brilliant strategists, Yamamoto Kansuke, Sanada Yukitaka and his son Sanada Masayuki join the fray and each score their brilliant strategems to ensure Harunobu's series of victories; however, in 1547 Yoshikiyo settled the score with Shingen, who had just enjoyed victory for seizing Shiga castle. Yoshikiyo caught him off guard and attacked him with entire force and routed him. One year later in 1548 he provided more severe defeats for Takeda by killing 3 of Shingen's generals Itagaki Nobukata, Amari Torayasu, and Hajikano Den'emon in Battle of Uedahara in similar full-scale counterattack as before and causing Shingen to retreat into Kai after losing 700 men
In 1550 he held Toishi Castle for 1 year against Sanada Yukitaka and suffered a loss but not before inflicting a loss with the death one of Takeda's general, Yokota Takatoshi. Then in 1553, Katsurao happened and Yoshikiyo lost Katsurao Castle.
In 1553 he was forced to abandon Shinano after losing to Takeda in Siege of Kannomine and forced to seek aid to Kenshin and serve as his retainer. Murakami was granted Nechi castle in Echigo for his service at the Battles of Kawanakajima as center division commander of the Uesugi army.
One source says at the fourth battle of Kawanakajima he had killed Takeda Nobushige, Shingen's brother and one of his most important generals and strategists although another source was saying it was Kenshin himself who personally slew Nobushige
He was never able to restore his old territory and died in Echigo in 1573, and his son Murakami Kunikiyo (Yamaura Kagekuni) became retainer of Uesugi.
# Kirchhof

Kirchhof may refer to:
* Hans Wilhelm Kirchhof (1525?-1602?), sometimes known as Kirchhoff, German Landsknecht, baroque poet and translator
* Paul Kirchhof (b. 1943), German jurist, tax law expert, former judge in the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany
* Ferdinand Kirchhof (b. 1950), German judge, jurisprudent, tax law expert
* Lutz Kirchhof (b. 1953), German lutenist
* Kirchhof, Melsungen, a district of the town Melsungen in Hesse, Germany
# Holtville, New Brunswick

46°30′43″N 66°28′46″W﻿ / ﻿46.511889°N 66.479472°W﻿ / 46.511889; -66.479472
Holtville is a Canadian community in the community of Upper Miramichi in Northumberland County, New Brunswick.
# Inquicus

Inquicus fellatus is an extinct, bowling pin-shaped gnathiferan worm from the Chengjiang Biota, in what was once a marine environment from the Early Cambrian Yunnan province. Its fossils are found attached to fossils of the worms Cricocosmia and Mafangscolex in either a parasitic or commensalistic relationship.

## Description

Inquicus individuals were up to three centimeters long, shaped like a bowling pin with an elongated body that tapered to a slightly bulbous head. They attached their bottom ends to their hosts, with their feeding appendages facing outwards and away from their hosts' bodies.

## Behavior

Although Inquicus attached to host worms, it is unlikely that the relationship was directly parasitic. The attachment point of Inquicus did not penetrate the skin of the hosts, but rather attached through suction. The species also was stiff, with there being no evidence that it could bend its mouth backwards to feed on the host. It is more likely that they simply rode on their hosts while browsing for food, or used them as a form of locomotion.
# Maurice Frigara

Maurice Frigara (2 July 1874 – 27 January 1955) was a French conductor of Corsican descent, mainly active in the opera house.

## Career

Frigara was born in Lille and studied under Charles Dancla, Lambert Massart and Benjamin Godard at the Paris Conservatoire.
He first conducted at the theatre in Lille in 1895, and also taught at the Conservatoire in the city. He worked in Antwerp then Cairo in 1898. For five years he was at the Théâtre Graslin in Nantes, and conducted in Marseille and Lyon, in the latter leading productions of Der Ring des Nibelungen, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, Gwendoline and Pantagruel (Claude Terrasse).
Frigara conducted at the Grand Opera seasons at Covent Garden in 1909 (Faust, Louise, Samson et Dalila) and 1910 (the same repertoire plus La Habanéra by Laparra). In 1917 he was music director at the Théâtre Trianon-Lyrique in Paris, concentrating on the late 18th and early 19th century repertoire, while also at times conducting the Concerts Lamoureux. He was considered a conscientious, precise and sometimes dry interpreter.
Having made his debut there in May 1920 conducting La traviata, he was the musical director of the Opéra-Comique from 1925–1932, including in 1925 a revival of the third Entrée of Les Indes Galantes by Rameau and La Lépreuse by Lazzari. Around this time the American violinist and band leader Enoch Light studied with Frigara in Paris.
In 1934 Frigara conducted the premiere of Fragonard by Pierné at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin. Frigara also conducted the premiere of the opérette Au soleil du Mexique by Maurice Yvain at the Théâtre du Châtelet on 18 December 1935. He was active as a conductor at that theatre as late as December 1939. He died in Paris, aged 80.

## Recordings

Frigara conducted several important early recordings for Columbia with the tenor Georges Thill in the 1920s, and records of orchestral music in the 1930s (Chabrier's España, Fete Polonaise from Le roi malgré lui, Massenet's Scenes alsaciennes, and the overtures to Martha, Le roi d'Ys and Light Cavalry) as well as other vocal extracts with opera singers.
# Cynthia Goodwin

Cynthia Annice "Cindy" Goodwin (born June 3, 1952, in Newport News, Virginia) is an American retired slalom canoeist who competed in the 1970s. She finished 14th in the K-1 event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Now Cynthia Wall, she is currently a retired chemistry teacher at Tuscarora High School in Leesburg, Virginia.
# Luigi Torchi

Luigi Torchi was an Italian inventor. He invented the first direct multiplication machine in 1834. This was also the second key-driven machine in the world, following that of James White in 1822.
Very little is known about the inventor and the machine. It is only known that he was a carpenter; his machine was awarded a gold medal from the Imperial-regio istituto lombardo di scienze, lettere e arti in Milan in 1834. A document of the award provides the known details of the machine, while a second document shows a drawing of the machine itself. However, no detailed documents about how it worked are known to exist.
The machine was exhibited in Brera between 1834 and 1837; it was later found by Giovanni Schiaparelli in bad condition. Subsequently, no further information about the machine exists.
# Mister U.S.

Mr. U.S. is a Big Bang Comics superhero who appeared in the Image Comics line, as its version of Captain America.
The different versions of Mr. U.S. refer to the different comic-book ages and how each age tools its characters for a certain audience, leading from the cheesy, hyperactive Silver Age of comics, to the dark, gritty comics of the 1990s.
In all of the versions however, Mr. U.S. shares the ability of enhanced strength thanks to artificial limbs implanted for certain reasons:
* Golden Age - the fight against nazism
* Silver Age - the fight against communism (this has many McCarthyism undertones)
* Bronze and Modern Ages - the fight against terrorism
# Lafayette Stribling

Lafayette Stribling (June 1, 1934 – October 30, 2021) was an American basketball coach who coached 55 years at the high school level and college level. Stribling had an overall record of 442–367 at Mississippi Valley State University and Tougaloo College (315–307 at MVSU, 127–60 at Tougaloo).
Stribling led Mississippi Valley State as a 16 seed to a near upset of number one seed Duke in the 1986 NCAA tournament before falling 85–78.
During his tenure at Tougaloo, Stribling led the "Super 7" (because there were only 7 players on the team) to a 16–2 Gulf Coast Athletic Conference (GCAC) record and a 28–5 record overall. Stribling and his Super 7 won the GCAC regular and tournament titles and finished in the "Sweet 16" of the NAIA tournament.
Stribling died on October 30, 2021, at the age of 87.
# Llanmadoc Hill

Llanmadoc Hill is a 186-metre-high hill at the northwestern corner of the Gower Peninsula west of Swansea in South Wales. The summit at the western end of the east–west aligned ridge is crowned by a trig point; at its eastern end are a series of complex earthworks known as The Bulwark. Numerous other prehistoric cairns adorn the hill's broad summit ridge. The hill's position above the village of Llanmadoc within 2 km of Gower's northwest coast enables wide panoramas to be enjoyed over the western end of the peninsula and the surrounding Loughor estuary, Rhossili Bay and Carmarthen Bay.

## Geology

The hill is formed from an anticlinal east–west ridge of Old Red Sandstone, the core of which is the hard sandstone of the Lower Old Red Sandstone Brownstones Formation and the northern and southern flanks of which are the overlying quartz conglomerates of the Upper Old Red Sandstone. The lower flanks of the hill are mantled by glacial till.

## Access

Almost the entire hill is mapped as open country under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 thus providing relatively unfettered access on foot for members of the public. There is in addition a very dense network of public footpaths and bridleways criss-crossing the hill and linking to the minor roads which surround the hill on all sides. The National Trust own and manage the eastern ridge above the village of Cheriton up to The Bulwark.
# Les Invisibles (film)

Les Invisibles is a French documentary film written and directed by Sébastien Lifshitz and released in 2012.

## Synopsis

This film is about men and women who, born during the interwar period, have nothing in common apart from being homosexuals and have chosen to live in broad daylight in an era when society rejected homosexuality. They loved, desired, and fought to be recognized. Today, they recount this rebellious life, divided between the will to fit in with everyone else and the obligation to invent a freedom to flourish.

## Participation

Yann and Pierre, Bernard and Jaques, Pierrot, Thérèse, Christian, Catherine and Elisabeth Monique, Jaques.

## Creation

Lifshitz spent nearly a year and a half searching for the interviewees necessary to film the documentary. He contacted numerous connections he had in France, namely ARIS in Lyon. Lifshitz met 70 people and filmed 10 portraits of couples and individuals, although not all were included in the final montage.

## Distinctions

Lifshitz received the Pierre Guénin Prize against Homophobia and for Equal Rights for this film and his next, Bambi (2013). According to a statement by SOS homophobia association, "Sebastian Lifshitz's work renders visible not only the LGBTQ population but especially its most forgotten categories."

### Awards

* 2013: César for best documentary film
* 2012: Festival Chéries-Chéris: Grand prix for documentary films
* 2012: Face à Face Festival du film gay et lesbien de Saint-Étienne: Audience award - Grand prize for feature films
* 2013: Étoile d'or du cinéma français for best documentary
* 2012: Festival Âge d'or-Cinédécouvertes (Brussels): Audience award

### Nominations

* 2012: British Film Institute Awards: Grierson Award
* LGBTQ portal
* Feminism portal
* Film portal
# Pfeffer (Brenz)

Pfeffer is a short river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Brenz at the Königsbronn Abbey.
# Inquilaab – The Story of Junoon

Inquilaab – The Story of Junoon is a 44-minute radio broadcast documentary presented by Omar Bilal Akhtar, broadcast on City FM 89, on March 13, 2009. The documentary explores the journey of the South Asian rock music band Junoon and the struggle they face to become one of the biggest band in the world.

## Synopsis

The documentary follows the journey of the South Asian rock music band Junoon and the struggle they face to become one of the biggest band in the world. Salman Ahmad, lead guitarist, parted ways the most successful pop band of Pakistan, Vital Signs as he wanted a change in the band's music for their second album and therefore after leaving the band he went on to form his own band. First, he recruited singer Ali Azmat from the Jupiters and then the former Vital Signs lead guitarist, Nusrat Hussain, on keyboards. The name of band comes from when Salman Ahmad had a dream where one of his teachers shook him and said "Tumhey mousiqui ka Junoon hai!" (You have an obsession for music!). The band then released their self-titled debut album Junoon barely made a dent in the Pakistani music industry when released in 1991. After the release of their debut album, Nusrat Hussain parted ways with the band to pursue his own professional career. After the departure of Nusrat Hussain, Salman Ahmad contacted Brian O'Connell and invited him to play bass on the band's second album. In 1993, Junoon released their second album Talaash which began to create a cult of a following for the band. Singles from the album, such as "Talaash", were politically influenced and became subject to censorship, which led to the eventual ban from all state run television and radio during the rule of by then the Pakistani Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif.
After a gap of four years the band released their third album Inquilaab by which Junoon started to gain success and began to reach a wider audience when one of their singles, "Jazba-e-Junoon". in 1997, Junoon released their fourth studio album, Azadi, which was the band's first international record deal which led the band win many international music awards and they were now recognized internationally. After two year, Junoon then released their fifth studio album, Parvaaz, which was recorded and mixed at Abbey Road Studios in London and was hailed by many critics as the finest work by Junoon. The band then released their sixth studio album in 2001, Andaz and then releasing their seventh studio album, Dewaar in 2007. After the release of the album Brian O'Connell went back to United States. Salman Ahmad and Ali Azmat both went on to pursue a career as a solo singer.

## Reception

Inquilaab – The Story of Junoon aired on March 13, 2009 on City FM 89 in Pakistan was inducted into the City FM 89 Hall of Fame.
# Maurice Frimont

Maurice Frimont, born 14 December 1747 in Gondreville (Meurthe-et-Moselle), youngest child of Dominique Frimont, a laborer at Gondreville, and Catherine Laurent, was a general of the French Revolutionary Wars and, later Napoleonic Wars.

## Military service

* 18 March 18, 1764 King's Dragoon Regiment,
* 11 November 1768 Brigade of the Company of the Holy Cross
* 20 November 1776 Chasseurs à Cheval
* 20 March 1779 Squadron of Valencia, 1st Regiment of Chasseurs à Cheval
* 24 September 1784 Warrant (officer) Chasseurs à Cheval
* 14 May 1786 lieutenant in the same regiment May 14, 1786 ;
* 6 March 1788, second lieutenant in the Royal Regiment Liège
* 11 June 1788, second captain in the 12th Infantry Battalion
* 8 October 1793, assistant adjutants general to the Rhine army
He was promoted to Brigadier General on provisional battlefield on 26 November 1793 by order of representatives on missions from Lacoste and Baudot. On 24 June 1794 he received a letter of patent commission as a National Veteran, qualifying for public assistance, which documented 30 years of effective service. On 27 November 1794, he was confirmed in the rank of brigadier general. Subsequently, he participated in the campaigns of 1795 and 1796 as part of the Army of the Rhine and Moselle; he commanded one of the two brigades–16th Demi-brigade infantry de légère (3 battalions), 50th Demi-brigade infantry de ligne (3 battalions), and 7th Regiment Hussars (4 squadrons)–under Delmas. He was discharged on 13 February 1797 after more than 32 years of service. During the military reform of 1794 he was responsible for the general inspection of the filing of returns in Lunéville.
He married in 1797 to Amélie Suzanne Marie Christine Wilhelmine Neuwinger, who divorced him. On 17 August 1801 in Lunéville, he married Catherine Magnier, who gave him a daughter, Melanie. He died on 1 September 1811 in Lunéville.
# Kenneth Furlonge

Kenneth Furlonge (born 20 August 1937) is a Trinidadian former cricketer. He played eighteen first-class matches for Trinidad and Tobago between 1957/58 and 1968/69.
# Maurice B. Stein

Maurice B. Stein (1936 in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania – 1994) (also known as Morry) was the owner of Camp Echo Lake (New York), a summer camp for mostly grade school students. He was the owner for over 30 years, along with his wife, Amy Medine.
Stein was a 1958 graduate of Brandeis University. He received an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago in 1960. He worked several years in business before buying Camp Echo Lake in 1964.
Stein was former president of the American Camping Association and its New York section as well as a former president of the New York State Camp Directors Association.

## Camp Echo Lake business

At the age of 28 years, Stein bought Camp Echo Lake from his wife's parents, who founded it in 1946. Since then, Stein has bought over 150 acres (0.61 km$^2$) of land for the Camp.

## Death

Stein, at the age of 58, died on Monday, October 31, 1994. in the crash of an American Eagle commuter flight 4184 plane near Roselawn, Ind. At his death, Stein was en route to his home in Hartsdale, New York after working on a fund-raising program for underprivileged children at the American Camping Association in Martinsville, Ind.