OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# V529 Orionis

V529 Orionis, also known as Nova Orionis 1678, is a variable star which is usually classified as a nova. It was discovered on 28 March 1678 by Johannes Hevelius, who spotted it while observing a lunar occultation of χ$^1$ Orionis, the star that forms the northernmost tip of Orion's club. Following the occultation of χ$^1$ Orionis, Hevelius observed the occultation of another star by the Moon a few minutes later, which disappeared behind the first quarter Moon at 09:16 and reappeared at 10:29. Those details, combined with modern coordinates for χ$^1$ Orionis, allowed Ashworth to derive coordinates, probably accurate to within a few arc seconds, for the 1678 nova.
V529 Orionis is sometimes referred to as Nova Orionis 1667 (for example the Simbad database makes this identification), but Ashworth argues against this identification and the identification of the star during an occultation makes the year unambiguous. The maximum and minimum apparent magnitudes for this star are highly uncertain, but a peak brightness of magnitude 6 (barely visible to the naked eye) and a minimum of 20 was suggested by Duerbeck.
Schmidtobreick et al. argue that the lack of emission lines usually seen in the spectra of novae makes it doubtful that V529 Orionis was a nova. They suggest it may instead be a T Tauri star, and that the actual nova observed by Hevelius may still be unidentified.
# Vale de Madeiros

Vale de Madeiros is a village located in the parish of Canas de Senhorim, municipality of Nelas, district of Viseu, sub-region of Dão-Lafões, region Centro, in Portugal.

## History

In the Kingdom's Population Registry (Cadastro da População do Reino, in Portuguese) from 1527, ordered by the King John III of Portugal, 171 houses (fogos, in 16th century Portuguese) were registered, 18 of those in the village (lugar, in 16th century Portuguese) of Vall de Madeyrus (Vale de Madeiros, in 16th century Portuguese).

## Cultural Associations

* Rosas do Mondego Folklore Group.

## Sports Associations

* Sport Vale de Madeiros e Benfica (SVMB).

## Schools

* Nursery and Primary School (ages up to 10): Escola Basica do 1.º Ciclo de Vale de Madeiros.
Against the will of local population and local authorities, the central government ordered its closure in the school year of 2014/2015 and thereafter.

## Sports Facilities

* Campo da Gatuna: Football Field of Vale de Madeiros, funded in 1975.

## Heritage

* Penedo da Penha 1 and 2, Complex 1 and 2 of Shelters and Cavities, dated from the 3rd and 2nd millenniums BC, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, located 1 km south of Vale de Madeiros, on the River Mondego Valley.
* Cross of Vale de Medeiros, located in Vale de Madeiros, Rua da Ladeira.
* Chapel of Saint Nicholas, Capela de São Nicolau, located in Vale de Madeiros, Rua Direita and Rua Chão de Monteiro, from 1732.
* Chapel of Saint John the Baptist, Capela de São João Baptista, located in Vale de Madeiros, Rua da Capela, from the 16th century.

## List of streets

* Beco da Ladeira
* Beco dos Chões
* Rua Chão do Monteiro
* Rua da Capela
* Rua da Carvalha
* Rua da Escola
* Rua da Ladeira
* Rua da Lage
* Rua da Lameira
* Rua da Urtigueira
* Rua das Contenças
* Rua de São José
* Rua Direita
* Rua do Campo de Futebol
* Rua do Pátio
* Rua dos Olivais
* Travessa da Escola
* Travessa das Contenças
* Travessa de São Nicolao
# VMM-764

Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 764 (VMM-764) is a United States Marine Corps Reserve squadron consisting of MV-22B Ospreys. The squadron, known as "Moonlight," is based at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar in San Diego, CA and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 41 (MAG-41) and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing (4th MAW).

## History

* Activated 15 April 1958 as Marine Helicopter Transport Squadron 764, Organized Marine Corps Reserve (Aviation), Naval Air Station, Los Alamitos, California
* Redesignated 1 April 1962 as Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 764, Organized Marine Corps Reserve (Aviation), Marine Air Reserve Training Detachment, Marine Air Reserve Training Command, Naval Air Station, Los Alamitos, California
* Reassigned during November 1965 to Marine Aircraft Group 46, 4th Marine Aircraft Wing, USMCR, Marine Air Reserve Training Detachment, Marine Air Reserve Training Command
* Relocated during May 1971 to Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California.
* Relocated during June 1975 to Marine Corps Air Station (Helicopter) Tustin, California.
* Redesignated 1 October 1979 as Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 764, Marine Aircraft Group 46, 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.
* Activated to support the active duty forces during the Persian Gulf War from November 1990 to April 1991.
* Relocated during 1999 to Edwards Air Force Base, California.
* Deployed from February - September 2004 and March - October 2005 to Al Asad, Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom
* From 25 April - 25 June 2008, the squadron was part of Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force 24 (SPMAGTF 24) on board the USS Boxer (LHD-4). During this deployment the squadron brought essential air-lift capability to operations in Guatemala, El Salvador and Peru which allowed the various medical and engineering work site professionals the ability to get ashore. They flew 43 missions, 83 flight hours and transported 877 passengers. The mission is part of the Partnership of the Americas (POA) 2008. POA is a United States Southern Command sponsored annual maritime engagement operation to enhance multinational cooperation and strengthen partnership among navies and allied nations throughout the Americas. On 13 January 2013, HMM-764 became the first Marine Corps Reserve squadron to transition to the MV-22B Osprey. The squadron officially redesignated to Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 764 (VMM-764) and relocated to Marine Corps Air Station Miramar in San Diego, CA.
* In November 2015, the squadron participated in the UNITAS amphibious exercise in Rio de Janeiro. This resulted in an MV-22 movement of 6,165 miles. The longest MV-22 flight in Marine Corps history to date.
* Deployed to Moron, Spain in support of Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force Crisis Response Africa 17.1 (SPMAGTF-CR-AF 17.1) from January 2017 through July 2017.
* Supported Humanitarian efforts for exercise Kodiak Arctic Care 2021. Delivering medical personnel and medical items to remote villages on Kodiak Island, Alaska.
# Vadakurangaduthurai

Vadakurangaduthurai is a village located in the Papanasam taluk on the north bank of the Kaveri river, Tamil Nadu, India. It is 4 km from the town of Papanasam and is also known as Aduthurai and Aaduthurai Perumal Koil.

## Etymology and Legend

It is believed that when Lord Rama was passing through south, he wanted to cross the Kaveri river. This place was earlier a port on the Kaveri river. In order to attain a safe river crossing, Hanuman worshipped a Shivalinga here, which he named as Dayanidheeswarar. Thus, the port got the name 'Vada Kurangu Kadu Thurai' meaning 'The forest-port of the northern monkey' in Tamil which later came to be known as Vadakurankaduthurai. The temple is still located in the village and is an important pilgrimage site.

## Temples

* Sri Dayanidheeswarar Shiva Temple - one of 275 Padal Petra Sthalams.
* Aduthurai Perumal Temple - one of the 108 Divya Desams

## Schools

* Srividyasram Matriculation School
# V Sport Hockey

V Sport Hockey is a sports channel broadcasting from the United Kingdom, primarily targeting Sweden but also available in Finland and Norway. Broadcasting commenced on 1 September 2009, at the start of the 2009 ice hockey season. The channel focuses on the KHL, HockeyAllsvenskan, Kvalserien, Ice Hockey World Championships and NHL.
The launch of the channel was announced 7 May 2009 during the 2009 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. The channel is included in the Viasat sports package via satellite. The channel is available through the cable- and broadband networks, and the games from HockeyAllsvenskan shown on TV are available through the streaming service Viasat OnDemand.
In 2011, the channel ceased operations in the Baltics.
In 2017, the channel became a part of Viasport in Norway.
In 2020, the channel was renamed V Sport Hockey.
# V Star

V Star or V-star may refer to:

## Businesses

* VStar Entertainment Group, an American family entertainment production company
* V Star Multimedia, division of Virgin Megastores
* V-Star Creations, an Indian clothing manufacturer

## Science and technology

* Vstar, a subsatellite of SELENE Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft
* Star of luminosity class V, a Stellar classification

## Transport

* Star Motorcycles V star models
* Stolp SA-900 V-Star, an American aerobatic homebuilt biplane
# V Tower

V Tower may refer to:
* V Tower (Prague), a skyscraper in the Czech Republic
* V Tower (Warsaw), a skyscraper in Poland
# Valdostan Rally

Valdostan Rally may refer to two distinct political parties in Aosta Valley, Italy
* Valdostan Rally (1963)
* Valdostan Rally (2023)
# Vader (crater)

Vader is the unofficial name given to a dark crater on Pluto's largest moon Charon. The floor of Vader is darker than the surrounding terrain, covered in the same reddish-brown dark material that covers Mordor Macula on Charon's north pole. Though Charon's surface trends darker with increasing latitude, some craters, such as Vader, interrupt this trend. The crater was discovered by NASA's New Horizons space probe on its way by Pluto. It is named after the character Darth Vader from the Star Wars media franchise; the name has yet to be officially approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).
# Vahe Hakobyan

Vahe Hakobyan may refer to:
* Vahe A. Hakobyan (born 1971), Armenian politician
* Vahe M. Hakobyan (born 1977), Armenian politician
# Valérie Van Ryckeghem

Valérie Van Ryckeghem (born 21 August 1975) is a professional golfer from Belgium.
Van Ryckeghem turned professional on November 1, 1995. She played on the Ladies European Tour 1996–2002, where she earned her first win in 1997. She finished in the top-10 11 times, but a second victory proved elusive. She ranked 8th on the LET Order of Merit in 2000.
After retiring from the LET, Van Ryckeghem became one of the pros of the Royal Zoute Golf Club.

## Professional wins (3)
### Ladies European Tour (1)

* 1997 Sicilian Ladies' Open/Italian Ladies' Open

### Other (2)

* 2001 PGA Kampioenschap (Belgium)
* 2002 PGA Kampioenschap (Belgium)

## Team appearances

Amateur
* Espirito Santo Trophy (representing Belgium): 1994
* European Ladies' Team Championship (representing Belgium): 1995
# Vade, California

Vade may refer to:
* Little Norway, California
* Phillips, California
# Vade Mecum II

Vade Mecum II is an album by American jazz trumpeter Bill Dixon recorded in 1993 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
| The Virgin Encyclopedia of Jazz | |
In his review for AllMusic, Brian Olewnick stated "It is... one of the very finest jazz albums of the '90s and one that cannot be recommended too highly."
The authors of The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings noted that, in relation to the first volume of Vade Mecum, volume 2 is "more coherent and cogent." They praised the "stirring thoughtfulness [of] Dixon's spacious solo lines," noting that their logic "carries each piece forward to a satisfactory conclusion."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Bill Dixon
* "Valentina Di Sera" - 3:07
* "Tableau" - 10:21
* "Ebonite" - 15:51
* "Reflections" - 15:28
* "Incunabula" - 13:33
* "Octette #1" - 11:45

## Personnel

* Bill Dixon - trumpet, flugelhorn
* Barry Guy, William Parker - bass
* Tony Oxley - percussion
# Valal

Valal is a small village in Kottathara panchayath of Vythiri taluk, Wayanad district in Kerala, India. The majority of people are farmers. The village has a UP school namely AUPS Valal and an Aganwadi of ICDS Project, a primary health centre, a ration shop, a post box and library.
# Van Genuchten–Gupta model

The Van Genuchten–Gupta model is an inverted S-curve applicable to crop yield and soil salinity relations. It is named after Martinus Theodore van Genuchten and Satyandra K. Gupta's work from the 1990s.

## Equation

The mathematical expression is:
    $Y={\frac {Y_{\rm {m}}}{1+(C/C_{50})^{P}}}$
where Y is the yield, Y$_m$ is the maximum yield of the model, C is salt concentration of the soil, C$_{50}$ is the C value at 50% yield, and P is an exponent to be found by optimization and maximizing the model's goodness of fit to the data.
In the figure: Y$_m$ = 3.1, C$_{50}$ = 12.4, P = 3.75

## Alternative one

As an alternative, the logistic S-function can be used.
The mathematical expression is:
    $Y^{\wedge }={\frac {1}{1+\exp(AX^{C}+B)}}$
where:
    $Y^{\wedge }={\frac {Y-Y_{\rm {n}}}{Y_{\rm {m}}-Y_{\rm {n}}}}$
with Y being the yield, Y$_n$ the minimum Y, Y$_m$ the maximum Y, X the salt concentration of the soil, while A, B and C are constants to be determined by optimization and maximizing the model's goodness of fit to the data.
If the minimum Y$_n$=0 then the expression can be simplified to:
    $Y={\frac {Y_{\rm {m}}}{1+\exp(AX^{C}+B)}}$
In the figure: Y$_m$ = 3.43, Y$_n$ = 0.47, A = 0.112, B = -3.16, C = 1.42.

## Alternative two

The third degree or cubic regression also offers a useful alternative.
The equation reads:
    $Y=AX^{3}+BX^{2}+CX+D$
with Y the yield, X the salt concentration of the soil, while A, B, C and D are constants to be determined by the regression.
In the figure: A = 0.0017, B = 0.0604, C=0.3874, D = 2.3788. These values were calculated with Microsoft Excel
The curvature is more pronounced than in the other models.
# Valentin Nikolayev

Valentin Nikolayev may refer to:
* Valentin Nikolayev (figure skater), Soviet figure skating coach for Oksana Baiul
* Valentin Nikolayev (footballer), Soviet international footballer and national team manager
* Valentin Nikolayev (wrestler), Soviet Greco-Roman wrestler, Olympic champion in 1956
# Valli Kafka

Valerie "Valli" Kafka Pollak (25 September 1890 in Prague – Fall of 1942 at Chełmno extermination camp) was the second oldest sister of Franz Kafka.

## Life

Valli Kafka attended the German Girls' School in Prague and later a private further educational institution for girls. Little is known about Franz Kafka's relationship with his sister. Of all the siblings, she was supposedly the one who had the least trouble with her father, Hermann Kafka. Outwardly, she seemed discreet and adjusted, however she was well-read and inclined to language.
She married commercial employee Josef Pollak with whom she had two daughters, Marianne (1913–2000) and Lotte (1914–1931). She became one of the first woman teachers in the Prague Jewish School founded in 1920.
In late October 1941 Valli and her husband were deported to the Łódź Ghetto where they lived together temporarily with Valli's sister Elli and her daughter Hanna in the spring of 1942. Valerie Pollak was probably murdered in the fall of 1942 in the Chełmno extermination camp. Elli and the third sister Ottla as well as other relatives also became victims of the Holocaust. At the family grave in the New Jewish Cemetery in Prague, a plaque commemorates the three sisters.
Her first daughter Marianne emigrated to England along with her husband Georg Steiner in 1939. She looked after the inheritance of her uncle Franz Kafka lodged in the Bodleian Library in the University of Oxford.
# Variations on "America"

Variations on "America" is a composition for organ by the American composer Charles Ives.

## Composition

Composed in 1891 when Ives was seventeen, it is an arrangement of a traditional tune, known as "America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)" (words by Samuel Francis Smith), and was at the time the de facto anthem of the United States. The tune is also widely recognised in Thomas Arne's orchestration as the British National Anthem, "God Save the King", and in the former anthems of Russia ("The Prayer of Russians", from 1816 to 1833), Switzerland ("Rufst du, mein Vaterland", until 1961), and Germany ("Heil dir im Siegerkranz", from 1871 to 1918), as well as being the current national anthem of Liechtenstein ("Oben am jungen Rhein") and the royal anthem of Norway, "Kongesangen".
Ives prepared it for a Fourth of July celebration in 1892 at the Methodist church where he was organist in Brewster, New York. He performed it for the first time on February 17, 1892, and made revisions to the work until 1894. Although the piece is considered challenging even by modern concert organists, he spoke of playing the pedal work in the final variation as being "almost as much fun as playing baseball".
It went unpublished until 1949, when the organist E. Power Biggs rediscovered it, and prepared an edition for publication. He incorporated it into his repertoire, and it became a regularly performed piece by American organists. In 1962 it was orchestrated by William Schuman, and premiered in this version by the New York Philharmonic under Andre Kostelanetz in 1964. The Schuman orchestration formed the basis of a wind band version by William E. Rhoads, published in 1968.

## Structure

* Introduction and Theme
* Variation I
* Variation II
* Interlude I
* Variation III
* Variation IV
* Interlude II
* Variation V
* Coda
The interludes are Ives's first notated use of bitonality: the first combines F major for the right hand and D-flat major for the left hand and pedals, whilst the second combines A-flat major and F major.
Ives' biographer Jan Swafford notes that whilst it might be tempting to hear Variations on "America" as a satire, the probability is that Ives meant the work as a sincere exercise in variations for organ. He adds that whilst Ives was capable of musical jokes, they are usually considerably broader than here. Ives was not deaf to its comic potential however: he later noted that his father "didn't let me do it much, as it made the boys laugh" in church.

## Recordings

Recordings of Ives' original piece have been made by several organists, including E. Power Biggs (CBS) and Simon Preston (Argo). Recordings of Schuman's orchestration have included performances conducted by Eugene Ormandy, (CBS/Sony), Morton Gould (RCA), Arthur Fiedler (Decca) and José Serebrier (Naxos).
# Variations on a Blue Line

Variations on a Blue Line (subtitled 'Round Midnight) is a live album by multi-instrumentalist and composer Joe McPhee, recorded in 1977 and first released on the Swiss HatHut label in 1979.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic gave the album 4½ stars.

## Track listing

All compositions by Joe McPhee except as indicated
* "Beanstalk" - 17:06
* "Motian Studies" - 7:39
* "Variations on a Blue Line (After a Theme for Knox)" - 6:33
* "'Round Midnight" (Thelonious Monk) - 5:05

## Personnel

* Joe McPhee - tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone
# Vanni Fucci

Vanni Fucci di Pistoia was a 13th-century Italian and a minor character in Inferno, the first part of Dante Alighieri's epic poem the Divine Comedy, appearing in Cantos XXIV & XXV. He was a thief who lived in Pistoia, as his name ("di Pistoia" meaning "of Pistoia") indicates; when he died, he was sent to the seventh bolgia (round; in Italian, "ditch" or "pouch") of the eighth circle of Hell, where thieves are punished. In that bolgia, his punishment was to be stung by a serpent, reduced to ashes, and then restored to his former shape for more torturing. Dante and Virgil meet him and ask him why he was there. He replied that he stole a treasure from the Church of St. James in his hometown; he had wrongly accused an innocent man, Vanni della Nona, with the crime, for which della Nona was executed. Fucci says he was not caught but he still went to Hell. He then predicts the overthrow of the Florentine Whites to spite Dante and then insults God by making obscene gestures at him, and is attacked by numerous nearby serpents and by the monster Cacus, who was put in the bolgia for stealing Hercules's cattle.
Fucci is a major character in Dan Simmons' 1988 short story "Vanni Fucci Is Alive And Well And Living In Hell"; in it, Fucci appears on a corrupt Alabama televangelist's TV show to punish him, his guests and his studio audience. The name is used again in Simmons' 1992 novel The Hollow Man, in which Vanni Fucci is portrayed as a small-time mafioso and thief, whose backstory includes the theft of a chalice from his hometown church, for which his sole regret is that he was unable to fence it. He is also the subject of Alexander Theroux's poem "The Gesture of Vanni Fucci."
# Van Uffelen

van Uffelen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Chris van Uffelen (born 1966), Dutch-German author
* Denis van Uffelen (born 1971), Belgian tennis player
* Lucas van Uffelen (1586–1637), Dutch merchant
* Saskia Van Uffelen, Belgian businesswoman
# Vehicle registration plates of Tonga

Tonga requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current plates are Australian standard 372 mm × 134 mm, are white on black, and it is the duty of the owner to get the license plate made.

## Current plate format

The current format uses a letter followed by 1-5 digits. Letter depends on the type of the vehicle.

### Vehicle types

| Letter | Type of the vehicle |
| В | buses |
| С | private cars |
| G | trailers |
| H | vehicles carrying heavy cargo |
| J | vehicles carrying cargo |
| L | vehicles carrying light cargo |
| МС | motorcycles |
| P | state vehicles |
| R | rented vehicles |
| T | taxis |
| V | three-wheel vehicles |

## Diplomatic license plates

License plates of diplomatic missions consist of a letter prefix of the name of the country and a digital number. The front license plates have a white background, the rear ones have a yellow background, and the font is black in both cases.
| Prefix | Diplomatic mission |
| AUST | Australia |
| EEC | European Union |
| NZ | New Zealand |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| USA | United States |

## Other license plates

King's license plate has two letters - HM, or no letters at all with just a crown sign. Queen's license plate has letters Q1. Prime Minister's license plate has letters PM and two digits.

## Gallery

| Image | First issued | Design | Slogan | Serial format | Serials issued | Notes |
| | 1967 | | | | | |
# Veldurthi, Palnadu district

Veldurthy is a village in Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Veldurthi mandal of Gurazala revenue division.$^{:14}$

## Geography

Veldurthy is located at 16°21′00″N 79°22′00″E﻿ / ﻿16.35°N 79.3667°E﻿ / 16.35; 79.3667. Jerri Vagu is the source of water for the village and its surrounding areas.

## Governance

Veldurthi gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village.
# Vele coal mine

The Vele Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Limpopo Province. The majority of its shares are held by Coal Africa Limited (CoAL).

## Objections

There were several objections to mining at this location, which as of 2016, are not fully resolved. This included a land claim, and protests from environmental, cultural, political and youth groups. A main concern is its proximity to the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area, a World Heritage Site.

## Operation

The mine has coal reserves amounting to 721 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Africa and the world. The mine produces around 14 million tonnes of coal per year. When fully operational three coal seams will be mined in opencast as well as underground operations.
# Vauxhall Frontera

Vauxhall Frontera may refer to:
* Vauxhall Frontera (1991–2004), an SUV produced in the UK based on the Isuzu MU
* Vauxhall Frontera (2024), a petrol and electric B-segment crossover SUV
# Vellevans

Vellevans (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Velamysta peninna

Velamysta peninna is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.

## Subspecies

* Velamysta peninna peninna (Bolivia)
* Velamysta peninna new subspecies (Peru)