OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phenol coefficient

The Phenol coefficient, is now largely of historical interest, although the principles upon which it is based are still used. It is a measure of the bactericidal activity of a chemical compound in relation to phenol. When listed numerically, the figure expressing the disinfecting power of a substance by relating it to the disinfecting power of phenol may be a function of the standardized test performed. For example, the Rideal–Walker method, introduced in 1903 gives a Rideal–Walker coefficient and the U.S. Department of Agriculture method gives a U.S. Department of Agriculture coefficient.
To calculate phenol coefficient, the concentration of phenol at which the compound kills the test organism in 10 minutes, but not in 5 minutes, is divided by the concentration of the test compound that kills the organism under the same conditions (or, probably more common, dividing the dilution factor at which the tested substance shows activity by the dilution factor at which phenol shows comparable activity). The Rideal–Walker test was widely used, but the test conditions chosen were unrealistic, and impossibly high values for the coefficient were claimed by disinfectant manufacturers. Distinguished bacteriologist Sir Ashley Miles, reviewing the subject, described the test as "...at best a grossly over-simplified answer to a difficult problem and, at worst little short of bacteriological prostitution". Modifications were made by Dame Harriette Chick and Sir Charles James Martin in 1908. They used more realistic conditions, including 3% sterile faeces to mimic the conditions in which many disinfectants were used. The Chick–Martin test was then widely used until replaced by more suitable tests not reliant on phenol and reflecting the conditions in which modern disinfectants are used.
Calculations by Harriette Chick showed that the killing of bacteria by disinfectants followed first order kinetics. So, the bactericidal activity of a particular disinfectant at a given concentration can be expressed as a constant (k) calculated by employing the formula k = N/C·T where N is the number of surviving cells, C is the concentration of agent applied and T is the time for which the agent is applied, so k is inversely proportional to dose (C·T is collectively called dose).
One way to compare disinfectants is to compare how well they do against a known disinfectant and rate them accordingly using the Phenol coefficient. The disinfectant to be tested is compared with phenol on a standard microbe (usually Salmonella typhi or Staphylococcus aureus). Disinfectants that are more effective than phenol have a coefficient greater than 1; those that are less effective have a coefficient less than 1.
# Pseudagrion jedda

Pseudagrion jedda is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae, commonly known as a dusky riverdamsel. It is a large, dull and darkly coloured damselfly,
found in northern Australia, where it inhabits streams and lagoons.

## Gallery

* Female wings
* Male wings
# Gmina Inowrocław

Gmina Inowrocław is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Inowrocław, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.
The gmina covers an area of 171.05 square kilometres (66.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,106.

## Villages

Gmina Inowrocław contains the villages and settlements of Balczewo, Balin, Batkowo, Borkowo, Cieślin, Czyste, Dulsk, Dziennice, Gnojno, Góra, Jacewo, Jaksice, Jaksiczki, Jaronty, Karczyn-Wieś, Kłopot, Komaszyce, Kruśliwiec, Krusza Duchowna, Krusza Podlotowa, Krusza Zamkowa, Łąkocin, Latkowo, Łojewo, Marcinkowo, Marulewy, Miechowice, Mimowola, Olszewice, Oporówek, Orłowo, Ostrowo Krzyckie, Piotrkowice, Pławin, Pławinek, Popowice, Radłówek, Sikorowo, Sławęcin, Sławęcinek, Słońsko, Sójkowo, Stefanowo, Strzemkowo, Trzaski, Tupadły, Turlejewo, Turzany, Witowy and Żalinowo.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Inowrocław is bordered by the town of Inowrocław and by the gminas of Dąbrowa Biskupia, Gniewkowo, Janikowo, Kruszwica, Pakość, Rojewo, Strzelno and Złotniki Kujawskie.
# List of RPM number-one country singles of 1990

These are the Canadian number-one country songs of 1990, per the RPM Country Tracks chart.
| Issue date | Title | Artist |
| January 13 | A Woman in Love | Ronnie Milsap |
| January 20 | Who's Lonely Now | Highway 101 |
| January 27 | Many a Long and Lonesome Highway | Rodney Crowell |
| February 3 | It Ain't Nothin' | Keith Whitley |
| February 10 | Nobody's Home | Clint Black |
| February 17 | Statue of a Fool | Ricky Van Shelton |
| February 24 | Southern Star | Alabama |
| March 3 | On Second Thought | Eddie Rabbitt |
| March 10 | On Second Thought | Eddie Rabbitt |
| March 17 | No Matter How High | The Oak Ridge Boys |
| March 24 | Chains | Patty Loveless |
| March 31 | Hard Rock Bottom of Your Heart | Randy Travis |
| April 7 | Hard Rock Bottom of Your Heart | Randy Travis |
| April 14 | Hard Rock Bottom of Your Heart | Randy Travis |
| April 21 | Not Counting You | Garth Brooks |
| April 28 | Love on Arrival | Dan Seals |
| May 5 | Stranger Things Have Happened | Ronnie Milsap |
| May 12 | Here in the Real World | Alan Jackson |
| May 19 | Help Me Hold On | Travis Tritt |
| May 26 | Help Me Hold On | Travis Tritt |
| June 2 | Walkin' Away | Clint Black |
| June 9 | Walkin' Away | Clint Black |
| June 16 | I've Cried My Last Tear for You | Ricky Van Shelton |
| June 23 | Love Without End, Amen | George Strait |
| June 30 | Love Without End, Amen | George Strait |
| July 7 | Walk On | Reba McEntire |
| July 14 | Love Without End, Amen | George Strait |
| July 21 | The Dance | Garth Brooks |
| July 28 | The Dance | Garth Brooks |
| August 4 | The Dance | Garth Brooks |
| August 11 | He Walked on Water | Randy Travis |
| August 18 | Good Times | Dan Seals |
| August 25 | I'm Gonna Be Somebody | Travis Tritt |
| September 1 | Next to You, Next to Me | Shenandoah |
| September 8 | Next to You, Next to Me | Shenandoah |
| September 15 | Nothing's News | Clint Black |
| September 22 | Jukebox in My Mind | Alabama |
| September 29 | Jukebox in My Mind | Alabama |
| October 6 | I Meant Every Word He Said | Ricky Van Shelton |
| October 13 | Friends in Low Places | Garth Brooks |
| October 20 | Friends in Low Places | Garth Brooks |
| October 27 | Friends in Low Places | Garth Brooks |
| November 3 | You Lie | Reba McEntire |
| November 10 | You Lie | Reba McEntire |
| November 17 | Too Cold at Home | Mark Chesnutt |
| November 24 | Home | Joe Diffie |
| December 1 | You Really Had Me Going | Holly Dunn |
| December 8 | Back in My Younger Days | Don Williams |
| December 15 | Come Next Monday | K. T. Oslin |
| December 22 | Come Next Monday | K. T. Oslin |
# Hydra-class minelayer

The Hydra class were two minelayers of the Royal Netherlands Navy, built to serve in the Dutch East Indies and Dutch territorial waters in Europe. The construction of the ships began in 1910 and was completed in 1912. The ships were built by the navy yard (Rijkswerf) in Amsterdam. Both ships were still in service during the Second World War. Only Medusa escaped to the United Kingdom, however. Hydra was lost after the ship was fired on by an anti-tank weapon. The minelayer sank in the waters off Zeeland.

## Ships in class

* HNLMS Hydra (1912) (1912–1940)
* HNLMS Medusa (1911) (1911–1964)

## Sources

* netherlandsnavy.nl Hydra-class minelayers
# Lodosa

42°25′27″N 2°04′43″W﻿ / ﻿42.424215°N 2.078578°W﻿ / 42.424215; -2.078578
Lodosa is a small town of around 5,000 people located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Located along the river Ebro, in a largely agricultural area, the town of Lodosa is known for its piquillo peppers (pimientos del piquillo), and its natural environment. The largest nearby city is Pamplona.
# Juan Bautista Soler

Juan Bautista Soler Luján is a Spanish businessman and former president of Valencia Club de Fútbol. He is a real estate developer and investor, based in Valencia.
His eponymous Grupo Juan Bautista Soler creates large apartment buildings and residential developments in Southern Spain. Along with other real estate developers like Manuel Manrique, José Manuel Loureda, Manuel Jove, and Rafael del Pino, Soler has ridden the wave of increasing economic growth in Spain since its addition to the European Union. In particular he has worked with fellow developers Enrique Buñuelos and Joaquín Rivero. His real estate developments and partnerships have resulted in immense wealth. In 2004, he became president of Valencia. On 12 March 2008, he resigned as chairman of Valencia CF.
In 2014 he was arrested for attempting to hire an Eastern European hitman to abduct the president who had succeeded him at Valencia CF, Vicente Soriano, in a dispute over shares. . He has been barred from leaving the country, and from entering within 15 metres of Soriano.
# Name Your Slippers

Name Your Slippers is the debut album by Athenian pop/electronica band Astyplaz. It was released in 2005 on LMusic.

## Track listing

* "Just Intro"
* "Toybox"
* "Tous Les Jours" (Radio Edit) *
* "Future Science"
* "Lifting Shadows From The Sand"
* "Spreading Life"
* "Shattered Mould"
* "Lost In The City"
* "What It Feels Like"
* "Knell Of The Dunes"
* "There Is No Justice Baby"
* "Dejection"
* "Prey"
* "Walking In My Shoes" (Bonus) **
* "Alyto Enigma" (Bonus)
All Songs written by P. Dreamweaver (except ** written by Martin L. Gore.)
All Lyrics written by Dioni (except * written by Yiannis Koukakis, ** written by Martin L. Gore.)

## Reviews

www.side-line.com review (9|10) www.machinistmusic.net review (8/10)
www.pop-rock.gr review (8/10)
www.avopolis.gr review (3.5|5) fugues.com review
# Homer Thompson (baseball)

Homer Thomas Thompson (June 1, 1891 – September 12, 1957) was a catcher in Major League Baseball who made one game appearance for the New York Highlanders in its 1912 season. Thompson batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Spring City, Tennessee and died in Atlanta, Georgia.
Thompson attended the University of Georgia. He was the younger brother of another former Highlander, Tommy Thompson.
# Christian Molina

Christian Molina may refer to:
* Christian Molina (director) (born 1979), Spanish director
* Christian Molina (footballer) (born 1998), Salvadorian footballer
# New River lagoon

New River Lagoon may refer to:
* New River (Belize)
* Precipitous Bluff (New River Lagoon), Tasmania
# Roll, Arizona

Roll is a populated place in central Yuma County, Arizona, United States. It is part of the Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area. Named for early settler John H. Roll, it lies along the lower Gila River in the Mohawk Valley, between the Yuma Proving Ground and the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range. It is located along the Union Pacific Railroad's Roll Industrial Lead. Local roads connect Roll to Interstate 8, east of the city of Yuma, the county seat of Yuma County. Its elevation is 262 feet (80 m). Although Roll is unincorporated, it has a post office. Roll has the ZIP Code of 85347; in the 2000 census, the population of the 85347 ZCTA was 1,235.
Roll is served by the Mohawk Valley Elementary School District. The historic Mohawk Valley School, which is located on 5151 South Ave. 39 East in Roll was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on December 29, 1986, reference: #86003525. The Wellton Mohawk Middle School is its sister school.

## Notable people

* Yolanda Bejarano, union organizer

## Images

* Mohawk Valley School
* Mohawk Valley Community Church
# Niccolò Ruggeri

Niccolò Ruggeri (died 1449) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Bagnoregio (1446–1449).

## Biography

Niccolò Ruggeri was appointed a priest in the Order of Friars Minor. On 27 May 1446, he was appointed by Pope Eugene IV as Bishop of Bagnoregio. He served as Bishop of Bagnoregio until his death in 1449. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of André da Mule, Archbishop of Bar (1448), and the principal co-consecrator of Fernando Lujan (bishop), Bishop of Sigüenza (1449).
# Luo Xin

Luo Xin may refer to:
* Luo Xin (footballer, born 1990)
* Luo Xin (footballer, born 2000)
# Lodovick Bligh

Lodovick Edward Bligh JP (24 November 1854 – 16 May 1924) was an English cricketer. He played ten first-class cricket matches for Kent County Cricket Club between 1878 and 1884.

## Early life

Bligh was born on 24 November 1854 into the Darnley family, who were closely associated with Kent cricket. He was a son of the English cricketer, diplomat and clergyman, Hon. Rev. Edward Vesey Bligh (1829–1908) and Lady Isabel Mary Frances Nevill (1831–1915), daughter of William Nevill, 4th Earl of Abergavenny. His paternal grandparents were Edward Bligh, 5th Earl of Darnley and Emma Jane, Countess of Darnley.
He attended Eton College and Cambridge University, although he did not make the cricket XI at either.

## Career

His father had played for Kent and his cousin, Ivo Bligh, 8th Earl of Darnley, also played for the county and captained the England cricket team in their Ashes win in Australia in 1882/3.
He gained the rank of Major in the 3rd Battalion, The Buffs. He also held the office of Justice of the Peace for Kent.

## Personal life

On 1 June 1886, Bligh married Marion Louisa Stewart-Savile (d. 1925), a daughter of Rev. Frederick Alexander Stewart-Savile and Sophia Stewart (née Dykes). Together, they had five children:
* Harroweton Lodovick Bligh (1887–1888)
* Algernon Stewart Bligh (1888–1952), who also played first-class cricket for Somerset from 1922 to 1926.
* Ronald Edward Bligh (1890–1891)
* Jack Frederick Bligh (1893–1917)
* Rose Marion Bligh (b. 1896)
Bligh died on 16 May 1924. His widow died the following year in 1925.
# Maria Widebeck

Maria Cecilia Widebeck (1858–1929) was a Swedish textile artist and illustrator who assisted her friend Carin Wästberg to revive interest in fabrics inspired by local peasant techniques. While working as a pattern designer for the Friends of Handicraft association, together with Wästberg she established the textile firm Widebeck och Wästberg producing fabrics with the WW logo. Widebeck made most of the illustrations presented in Klingspor's book on coats of arms and family crests.

## Biography

Born in Strängnäs on 1 March 1958, Maria Cecilia Widebeck was the daughter of the clergyman Samuel Widebeck and his wife Carolina Ulrika née Ekmarck. From 1880 to 1885, she studied arts and crafts at the Technical College in Stockholm. While there, she met fellow student Carin Wästberg who became her lifelong friend. Together they established the textile company Widebeck och Wästbeck. The ran the company and lived together for the rest of their lives.
From 1887, she was employed by Friends of Handicraft as a pattern designer. Thanks to a travel grant, in 1891 together with Wästberg she spent three months in England where they both took a special interest in the work of the textile designer William Morris (1834–1896), thereafter adopting his approach to arts and crafts In Sweden.
In 1905, Widebeck was appointed director of the Friends of Handicraft association's museum and archives. In addition to textile design, she worked with glass, silver and furniture. Her skill as an illustrator is evidenced by some 4,000 drawings of coats of arms and family crests contained in Carl Arvid Klingspor's Sveriges ridderskaps och adels vapenbok.
Maria Widebeck died in Strängnäs on 5 May 1929 and is buried in the old cemetery (Gamla kyrkogården).
# Kisrozvágy

Kisrozvágy is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County in northeastern Hungary.
# Homochaeta

Homochaeta is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Naididae.
Species:
# Inside–outside algorithm

For parsing algorithms in computer science, the inside–outside algorithm is a way of re-estimating production probabilities in a probabilistic context-free grammar. It was introduced by James K. Baker in 1979 as a generalization of the forward–backward algorithm for parameter estimation on hidden Markov models to stochastic context-free grammars. It is used to compute expectations, for example as part of the expectation–maximization algorithm (an unsupervised learning algorithm).

## Inside and outside probabilities

The inside probability $\beta _{j}(p,q)$ is the total probability of generating words $w_{p}\cdots w_{q}$, given the root nonterminal $N^{j}$ and a grammar $G$:
    $\beta _{j}(p,q)=P(w_{pq}|N_{pq}^{j},G)$
The outside probability $\alpha _{j}(p,q)$ is the total probability of beginning with the start symbol $N^{1}$ and generating the nonterminal $N_{pq}^{j}$ and all the words outside $w_{p}\cdots w_{q}$, given a grammar $G$:
    $\alpha _{j}(p,q)=P(w_{1(p-1)},N_{pq}^{j},w_{(q+1)m}|G)$

## Computing inside probabilities

Base Case:
$\beta _{j}(p,p)=P(w_{p}|N^{j},G)$
General case:
Suppose there is a rule $N_{j}\rightarrow N_{r}N_{s}$ in the grammar, then the probability of generating $w_{p}\cdots w_{q}$ starting with a subtree rooted at $N_{j}$ is:
$\sum _{k=p}^{k=q-1}P(N_{j}\rightarrow N_{r}N_{s})\beta _{r}(p,k)\beta _{s}(k+1,q)$
The inside probability $\beta _{j}(p,q)$ is just the sum over all such possible rules:
$\beta _{j}(p,q)=\sum _{N_{r},N_{s}}\sum _{k=p}^{k=q-1}P(N_{j}\rightarrow N_{r}N_{s})\beta _{r}(p,k)\beta _{s}(k+1,q)$

## Computing outside probabilities

Base Case:
$\alpha _{j}(1,n)={\begin{cases}1&{\mbox{if }}j=1\\0&{\mbox{otherwise}}\end{cases}}$
Here the start symbol is $N_{1}$.
General case:
Suppose there is a rule $N_{r}\rightarrow N_{j}N_{s}$ in the grammar that generates $N_{j}$. Then the left contribution of that rule to the outside probability $\alpha _{j}(p,q)$ is:
$\sum _{k=q+1}^{k=n}P(N_{r}\rightarrow N_{j}N_{s})\alpha _{r}(p,k)\beta _{s}(q+1,k)$
Now suppose there is a rule $N_{r}\rightarrow N_{s}N_{j}$ in the grammar. Then the right contribution of that rule to the outside probability $\alpha _{j}(p,q)$ is:
$\sum _{k=1}^{k=p-1}P(N_{r}\rightarrow N_{s}N_{j})\alpha _{r}(k,q)\beta _{s}(k,p-1)$
The outside probability $\alpha _{j}(p,q)$ is the sum of the left and right contributions over all such rules:
$\alpha _{j}(p,q)=\sum _{N_{r},N_{s}}\sum _{k=q+1}^{k=n}P(N_{r}\rightarrow N_{j}N_{s})\alpha _{r}(p,k)\beta _{s}(q+1,k)+\sum _{N_{r},N_{s}}\sum _{k=1}^{k=p-1}P(N_{r}\rightarrow N_{s}N_{j})\alpha _{r}(k,q)\beta _{s}(k,p-1)$
# Chrysoclista villella

Chrysoclista villella is a species of moth of the family Agonoxenidae. It is found in the United States (Washington) and Canada (British Columbia).
The wingspan is about 10 mm for both males and females.
# Niall Glúndub

Niall Glúndub mac Áeda (Modern Irish: Niall Glúndubh mac Aodha, 'Niall Black-Knee, son of Áed'; died 14 September 919) was a 10th-century Irish king of the Cenél nEógain and High King of Ireland. Many Irish kin groups were members of the Uí Néill and traced their descent from Niall of the Nine Hostages (Niall Noígiallach).
His mother was Máel Muire, daughter of Kenneth MacAlpin, King of Scots.

## Biography

Son of Áed Findliath, Niall is first recorded succeeding his brother Domnall mac Áeda as King of Ailech after the latter went into religious retirement in 911. Extending his control to neighboring kingdoms, Niall defeated the Kings of Dál nAraidi and Ulaid at the Battles of Glarryford (in present-day County Antrim) and Ballymena before his defeat by high-king Flann Sinna mac Maíl Sechnaill of the Clann Cholmáin Uí Néill at the Battle of Crossakiel (in present-day County Meath). Following Flann's death in 916, Niall succeeded him as High King of Ireland. It was during his reign in which he would reestablish the Óenach Tailteann, a traditional gathering of Irish clans. He was married to Gormflaith ingen Flann Sinna. With the support of the clans of Leth Cuinn (Northern half of Ireland), the Uí Néill eventually acknowledged his claim to the throne.
With a surge of Northmen forces the Uí Ímair launched an invasion in the south of Ireland in the years following 914 which greatly weakened the Eoghanacht of Munster and led to the establishment of a longfort at Waterford. Intent on opposing this, and coming to the assistance of Munster, Niall's forces moved south and fought a large battle against a group of Northmen in the summer of 917, ending inconclusively but with the death of many nobles and tributary kings in his following. The army of the King of Leinster which had been called in to reinforce him however was utterly devastated near St Mullins, leaving the province in a tributary position to the Northmen.
Despite his campaigns against the Northmen they continued to settle in large numbers, re-establishing their stronghold in Dublin (after a 15-year gap) and various ports on the eastern coast putting pressure on the Midland kingdom of Midhe. In an effort to bring the war to the Northmen, Niall advanced into Leinster, supported by the Uí Néill clans, the Airgíalla and the Ulaid. However, his forces were decimated by the Northmen under Sihtric Cáech as Niall was killed, along with twelve other chieftains, at the Battle of Islandbridge on 14 September 919.
Another account in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has Sihtric Cáech slaying his brother Niall in 921. Glúndub was succeeded as High King by Donnchad Donn mac Flainn, son of Flann Sinna, and as King of Ailech by his son Muirchertach mac Néill, "the Hector of the Western World".
# Chlorestes

Chlorestes is a genus of hummingbirds.

## Species

The genus contains five species:
| Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Chlorestes candida | White-bellied emerald | Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Mexico, and Nicaragua |
| Chlorestes eliciae | Blue-throated sapphire | Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama |
| Chlorestes cyanus | White-chinned sapphire | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela |
| Chlorestes julie | Violet-bellied hummingbird | Colombia, Ecuador, Panama |
| Chlorestes notata | Blue-chinned sapphire | Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela |
This genus formerly included only the blue-chinned sapphire. Additional species were moved to this genus based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2014.
# Niccolò Ridolfi (Dominican)

Niccolò Ridolfi was the Master of the Order of Preachers from 1629 to 1642.

## Early biography

Niccolò Ridolfi was born into a Florentine noble family. He was a penitent of Philip Neri.

## Formation

Ridolfi joined the Dominican Order. Ridolfi was a student at the College of St. Thomas, and became rector there in 1630.
Under Pope Urban VIII, he was Master of the Sacred Palace.
At a chapter held in 1629, he was elected master of his order. He created a fund for the Master by sending out collectors to take funds from the provinces; he used this money to aid poorer houses, novitiates, publications, and building and ornamenting churches. He completed a visitation of northern Italy and part of the Kingdom of France.
In 1630 Ridolfi became rector of the College of St. Thomas, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum, where he had been an alumnus.
Initially a supporter of Ridolfi, Pope Urban VIII grew disillusioned with Ridolfi because Ridolfi opposed plans to further advance Urban's family, the Barberinis. As such, the pope had Ridolfi deposed at a chapter held in Genoa in 1642. He was subsequently imprisoned in San Sisto Vecchio.
Ridolfi is author of the Apologia perfectionis vitae spiritualis (1632)