OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacob Severin

Jacob Sørensen Severin (27 October 1691 – 21 March 1753) was a Danish merchant who held a trade monopoly on Greenland from 1733 to 1749.

## Biography

He was born in Sæby, Denmark, to Søren Nielsen (c. 1655–1730) and his wife Birgitte Ottesdatter. His father was later magistrate (byfoged) of the community.
After attending school to the age of 15, he married at age 22 a woman over forty years his senior, Maren Nielsdatter, the widow of the merchant Segud Langwagen. Using her capital, Severin took over her former husband's monopoly over the Icelandic trade with Denmark and built a thriving company specialized on Iceland, Finnmark and whaling off Spitzbergen. As a member of Copenhagen's 32 Men, he had the right to an audience before the king.
The failure of the Bergen Greenland Company (Det Bergen Grønlandske Compagnie) operated by Hans Egede and of the royal colony in Greenland established by Claus Paarss allowed Severin to convince the new King Christian VI and his council to grant his company a full monopoly over trade with the Greenland settlements, a right King Frederick IV had previously withheld for fear of antagonizing merchants of the Dutch Republic.
The Greenland monopoly ran from 1733 and was renewed in 1740. Severin received the right to fly the Danebrog in 1738 and successfully repulsed the Dutch in 1738 and 1739, seizing four of their ships while losing only one of his own. His company was originally underwritten with an annual subsidy of 2000 rixdollars, but this was increased after he petitioned the king in 1740 and claimed to have already lost 16,000 rixdollars on the trade owing to the smallpox epidemic which had decimated the island between 1733 and 1735. Jacobshavn (modern Ilulissat) was named for him, and Poul Egede called him his dearest friend.
Severin married the second time in 1735 to Birgitte Sophie Nygaard of Resen (1704–1739). The same year he purchased Dronninglund Castle from diplomat Carl Adolph von Pless (1747–1810). The estate included a forest subsequently used to equip his ships. A third marriage in 1742 to his niece Mary Dalager required a royal license.
In 1749, Severin returned the monopoly, which the king then bestowed on the General Trade Company. Severin then focused his business on trade with Norway. Owing to his friendship with the missionary Paul Egede; however, Severin remained connected to the Greenland mission work throughout his life.
Jacob Severin was one of the most respected, influential and wealthy merchants of Copenhagen. He died on 21 March 1753 at Dronninglund Castle, his estate valued at 9,000 rixdollars, and was buried at Dronninglund Church (Dronninglund Kirke).
# Fort Grand, West Virginia

Fort Grand is an unincorporated community in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States.
# Lost City in Snow Heaven

Lost City in Snow Heaven, also known as Xue Yu Mi Cheng, is a 2005 Chinese fantasy-action television series directed by Lai Shui-ching, Yu Ming-sang and Yang Zhiqian, starring Vincent Zhao and Ning Jing in the leading roles. There is also a movie called “Lost City In Snow Heaven”. However, though 'Lost City In Snow Heaven' is marketed as a movie, it is in fact a scaled-down version of the Chinese television series.

## Plot

Eighteen years ago, the last battle in an era of witchcraft and sorcery took place. The Emperor leads his army to invade the Hanhai tribe in the desert in an attempt to pave a road for his conquest of the southern territories. To prevent the invaders from gaining ground, Yeyue, Hanhai's head priestess, has no choice but to use the power of the Dark Chalice to summon forth the spirits of the dead soldiers of Hanhai to defend their homeland. Yeyue succeeds in her plan but loses control of the Dark Chalice. The Emperor breaks into the shrine where the Dark Chalice is held and experiences a vision of his younger brother, Chongguang, rebelling against him and seizing control of his empire. Yeyue, on the other hand, sees that Emperor's wife will give birth to a baby girl. The Emperor's wife orders her close aide Yang An to bring the infant princess Leng Yun to Snow City to escape from Chongguang's pursuit. Leng Yun grows up to find that she has magical healing powers thanks to the gift of calling upon butterfly-pixies.

## Cast

* Vincent Zhao as Lei Ou
* Ning Jing as Leng Yun
* Liu Dekai as Emperor Chongguang
* Shi Yanfei as Wuyang
* Allen Ting as Nalong
* Bao Jianfeng as Najialuo
* Kou Zhenhai as Ke'erte leader
* Zhang Danlu as Cuixin
* Yue Yueli as Chief Pang
* Xu Shouqin as Dibao
* Du Ninglin as Empress Dowager
* Jiang Hong as Die'er
* Wu Yijiang as Xin Da
* Du Jian as Nima
* Chae Rim as Empress
* Wu Ma as Yang An
* Zhang Hengping as Gaya
# Pals Rice

Pals rice is a rice produced in Empordà and is sold under the name "Arroz de Pals". It is a top quality rice. The most well-known rice varieties that are cultivated in Pals include the traditional varieties of Bahia and Bomba and the newer varieties Carneroli and Nembo. It is ideal for all types of dishes, especially for cooking in a cazuela in the traditional manner of Empordà as the rice remains firm and does not become mushy. Pals rice should bear the quality label "Productes de l'Empordà" (Empordan products). This branding guarantees that the products are produced, processed and packaged in Empordà and are subject to periodical quality control tests. The sowing period extends from the end of April to the beginning of May, and the period of harvest from the end of September to the end of October.

## History

Rice cultivation in Pals began in the fifteenth century. It is believed to have been introduced by the Arabs of Valencia. Cultivation was limited in the late eighteenth century to limit the spread of diseases related to rice production. Permission to resume rice cultivation in Pals was granted in 1900.
# Louiseville Airport

Louiseville Airport (TC LID: CSJ4) is located 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) southeast of Louiseville, Quebec, Canada.
# Chlamydastis spectrophthalma

Chlamydastis spectrophthalma is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. It is found in Bolivia.
# Lastenia Larriva

Lastenia Larriva y Negron de Llona also known as "Lastenia Larriva De La Jara" (May 6, 1848 — September 24, 1924) was a Peruvian poet, writer, and journalist.

## Biography

Larriva's birthplace is Lima, where she also died. However, she lived for several years in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where she did most of her writing. Together with Carolina Freyre de Jaimes, she was among the first generation of Peruvian female writers who overcame the criticism and prejudice of the society of her time. She combatted the primitive belief that women should be traditional housewives and not pursue any sort of profession. This concept in the 1800s was considered ahead of her time. Upon her death, it was said: "She was a watchtower of feminism in America. Of advanced ideas, of noble and delicate features, of exquisite culture, of innate goodness, and of a warm heart.” Lastenia Larriva outlived her second husband, the Ecuadorian poet Numa Pompilio Llona (1832-1907), who was one of the most popular and well-read poets in Ecuador at the time. Her first husband, Adolfo De La Jara Bermúdez died in a battle between Peru and Chile (Miraflores war Jan. 15th, 1881). She built a connection with her second husband, based on poetry and being a widower/widow alike. Amidst the mourning, they found partnership and comfort.

## Literary works

* Un drama singular o historia de una familia (1888 y 1920), a novel.
* La Ciencia y la Fe (1889), a decalogue in the form of poems, written at the request of the mothers of the Sacred Heart School of Guayaquil.
* Pro Patria. Respuesta al romance "Sucre" de José Antonio Calcaño (1890), a short novel.
* Fe, patria y hogar (1902), poems.
* Cartas a mi hijo. Psicología de la mujer (1919).
* Cuentos (1919).
# Novi Đurovac

Novi Đurovac is a village in the municipality of Prokuplje, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 13 people.
# Rebecca Morris

Rebecca Morris (born 1969 in Honolulu, Hawaii) is an abstract painter who is known for quirky, casualist compositions using grid-like structures. In 1994 she wrote Manifesto: For Abstractionists and Friends of the Non-Objective, a tongue-in-cheek but sincere response to contemporary criticism of abstract painting. She is currently a professor of painting and drawing at UCLA. Prior to that, she lectured at numerous colleges including Columbia University, Bard College, Pasadena City College, USC's School of Fine Arts, and the University of Chicago.

## Early life and education

Morris was born in Honolulu, Hawaii and grew up in New Haven, Connecticut, which she says is a place that inspires some of her work. She received her BA from Smith College and her MFA from The School of the Art Institute of Chicago.

## Work

Morris's artistic process may be characterized as casual, fluid and spontaneous. Inspired by craft and decoration, Morris explores the idiosyncrasy and imperfection of the artist’s hand. "I was always interested in creating systems and plan-type drawings." she said in a 2014 interview. "As a child, I drew floor plans of split-level houses, and plans for cities and towns. I also drew imaginary family trees, which were based on a grid-like system, but they featured cat families instead of people families." Morris avoids describing subject matter as she does not want to dictate what interpretations her painted forms may elicit. Some of her influences are the physical space of her studio, Raoul De Keyser, Joan Mitchell, James Meyer, and Terry Riley. Some compositions are made working flat on the floor, and many include colors that suggest a kind of interior of overlapping paintings, objects, and arrangements of items on a wall. Her artistic practice has been likened to Laura Owens's free sense of historical reference, as well as Frank Stella and Richard Tuttle.

## Awards

Morris is a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and has also received awards from The City of Los Angeles, Tiffany Foundation, The Durfee Foundation, Art Matters, and the Illinois Arts Council.

## Exhibitions

Morris has exhibited at 2014 Whitney Biennial (New York), The Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago, the Blaffer Art Museum at the University of Houston, Made in LA, Hammer Museum, The Kunstmuseum St. Gallen (Switzerland), Friedrich Petzel (New York), The Hessel Art Museum (New York), The Museum of Contemporary Art (Chicago), Santa Monica Museum of Art, and Night Gallery (Los Angeles). She has shown with Mary Boone and Bortolami in New York.
# Mick Costello

Michael Costello (born June 1936, London) is a former British communist activist.
Costello was born into a family of communist activists, as the son of Bella Lerner and Paddy Costello. Paddy left the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1939, but Bella remained a member her entire life. Late in World War II, Mick's parents moved to work with the New Zealand diplomatic mission in Moscow, and Mick was educated at a state school in the city, where he became fluent in Russian.
The family returned to Britain when Mick was fourteen, and he studied at the University of Manchester, becoming President of the Students' Union. He joined the CPGB in 1956, becoming known as an expert on economics and a journalist on the Morning Star, a daily newspaper associated with the party. He wrote two books expounding party views: The Communist View, published in 1969, and Workers' Participation in the Soviet Union, which came out in 1977.
In 1979, Costello was elected as the CPGB's National Industrial Organiser, building links with trade unions and becoming what the New Statesman later described as "certainly the best-known communist in Britain, probably the cleverest, and easily the party's best linguist". In this role, it was suggested in several newspapers that he was working as a spy for the Soviet Union, possibly even following his father's footsteps; a charge which Costello denies, and Francis Beckett notes that his role would not be good cover for a spy, and would be unlikely to enable him to discover important secrets.
Costello took part in a major debate in 1982 with Martin Jacques, editor of Marxism Today, who had criticised the shop stewards' movement. Concerned about the party's direction, Costello left his post to become full-time industrial correspondent of the Morning Star, serving in the role through the UK miners' strike.
Costello resigned from the CPGB in the mid-1980s, and started the Costello Trading Consultancy, making deals in Russia in fields from oil to fast food and artificial limbs. He also set up an exchange scheme for Russian police and those in the Metropolitan Police. Later in life, he returned to theoretical work, and in 2008, he joined the Communist Party of Britain.
# Qi Yunshi

Qi Yunshi (Chinese: 祁韻士, 1751–1815) was a Chinese official and historian exiled to Central Asia between 1805 and 1809 who together with Wang Tingkai and Xu Song was prominent among the exiled officials employed by Songyun, the military governor of Xinjiang from 1802 to 1809, to compile a gazetteer of Xinjiang. He also wrote a history of the Chinese border regions.
# Foz do Brasil

Foz do Brasil is a Brazilian waste management company, founded in 2008 and headquartered in Limeira. The company is owned by Brazilian conglomerate Odebrecht. The company operates in 150 cities in 18 Brazilian states and has about 9.0 million of customers.
The company invests, operates and develops projects in three segments: Water and Sewer - Public sanitation concessions; Industrial Operations - Outsourcing Centers Utilities, and Waste - diagnosis and remediation of contaminated sites, monitoring of surface and groundwater, and disposal end of MSW. The company closed the year 2011 with the supply of 77 million cubic meters of water, with the collection of 72 million m³ of wastewater beyond 1 million tonnes of waste properly for clients.
The company also has several projects in partnership with various public and private companies in Brazil as the state Sabesp, Copasa, Cesan and others. In the industrial area, Foz do Brazil provides services to major industries in the sectors of metallurgy, petroleum, pulp and paper, mining, steel, chemical and petrochemical, its main customers are Petrobras, Braskem, ThyssenKrupp, Transpetro, Dow, DuPont, Rhodia, Shell, Klabin, among others.
# Madasphecia

Madasphecia is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae.

## Species

* Madasphecia griveaudi (Viette, 1982)
* Madasphecia puera (Viette, 1957)
# Chlamydastis plocogramma

Chlamydastis plocogramma is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1915. It is found in the Guianas, Colombia and Brazil.
The wingspan is about 15 mm for males and 18 mm for females. The forewings are white, with scattered grey specks and with the markings light yellowish-grey, sprinkled with dark fuscous specks and with an oblique line from the base of the costa, reaching half across the wing. Three cloudy irregular somewhat interrupted lines run from blackish-grey spots on the costa, the first from one-fourth of the costa to two-fifths of the dorsum, curved, the second from before the middle of the costa to two-thirds of the dorsum, forming a broad rectangular loop outwards in the disc, the third from two-thirds of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, curved outwards on the upper half. There is a small tuft on the fold representing the plical stigma, and a transverse tuft on the end of the cell within the loop of the second line. There is a curved series of small cloudy spots near the apical and terminal margin and a marginal series of lunulate dots around the apex and termen. The hindwings are light grey.
# Lastex

Lastex is a type of elastic yarn that was introduced in the 1930s and was primarily used for swimwear, brassieres, girdles and corselettes. It consists of a rubber core surrounded by wool, rayon, silk or cotton threads. It was invented and distributed by the Adamson Brothers, a company owned by the US Rubber Company. It entered the market in 1931.
# Miniver

Miniver, an unspotted white fur edged with grey, derives originally from the winter coat of the red squirrel. In England, the term became established as a general term for white or almost white fur.
Miniver, in the original sense, differs from ermine (stoat) fur in that it does not include the distinctive black tails of the stoat but is formed of distinctive grey edged panels cut from the complete fur and framing the white belly. From a red squirrel, which has a greyish-white winter coat with a white underside, miniver gros, or vair, is the whole fur, including the grey, and miniver pure retains only the white part. The heraldic fur, vair, translates the grey into blue, and alternates back and belly.
# Michael G. Vaughn

Michael G. Vaughn is a professor of social work at the School of Social Work in the Saint Louis University School of Social Work where he is also the current (and founding) director of the Ph.D. in social work program.
His research spans multiple disciplines, including criminology, epidemiology, and social work. In 2014, he co-authored a study which found that immigrants are less likely to engage in antisocial behaviors than native-born Americans.

## Career

Vaughn has taught at Saint Louis University since 2008. In 2017, he was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare.
# Oskar Hoffmann (politician)

Oskar Hoffmann (4 July 1877 – 3 February 1953) was a German editor and politician. He served in the Landtag in North Rhine-Westphalia and was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. After the war, he became a member of the Communist Party. He was arrested in 1933 and for one month, was held at Kemna concentration camp, where he was tortured physically and psychologically.

## Sources

* Kurt Schnöring, "Oskar Hoffmann" in: Wuppertaler Biographien. 14. Folge, Wuppertal (Born) 1984, ISBN 3-87093-035-7 (in German)
# Operation Jaguar

Operation Jaguar may refer to:
* Operation Jaguar (Oman), culminating British operation of the Dhofar Rebellion (October 1971)
* Operation Jaguar (Croatia), the Croatian capture of Križ Hill during the Battle of the Miljevci Plateau (17–22 May 1992)
* Operation Jaguar (Canadian), contribution of military aviation and search-and-rescue capability in support of the Jamaica Defence Force
* Operation Jaguar (United Kingdom), Greater Manchester Police investigation on Cyril Smith
# Madasphecia puera

Madasphecia puera is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from eastern Madagascar. This species is attracted to ultraviolet light.
# Phú Thuận, An Giang

Phú Thuận is a rural commune (xã) of Thoại Sơn District in An Giang Province, Vietnam.
# Miss World Malaysia 1963

Miss Malaysia 1963, the first edition of the Miss World Malaysia pageant was held on 23 April 1963, at the Stadium Negara in Kuala Lumpur. 30 candidates from all across Federation, Singapore and Borneo were expected to compete but only 11 candidates were chosen to compete in the grand finale while the remainder will be taking part in a fashion tableau in conjunction of the contest.
Catherine Loh, representing Brunei was being elected as Miss Malaysia 1963. She was crowned by French actress Capucine at the end of the event. She had been “Miss Brunei” for three consecutive years.

## Requirements

* Any girls from any of the Malaysian territories are able to compete;
* Ages between 17 and 27 years old.

## Results

| Final results | Contestant |
| Miss Malaysia 1963 | Brunei – Catherine Loh |
| 1st Runner-Up | Singapore – Ann Woodford |
| 2nd Runner-Up | Singapore – Alice Woon |

## Judges

* Puan Rahah Mohamed Noah – Malaysian socialite and wife of Malaysian 2nd Prime Minister, Tun Abdul Razak Hussein
* Encik Mohamed Khir Johari – Minister of Agriculture & Co-Operatives
* Capucine – French model and actress
* William Holden – American actor
* Susannah York – English actress
* T.K. Critchley – Australian High Commissioner
* Maj. Gen. Sher Ali Khan Pataudi – Pakistani High Commissioner

## Candidates

24 delegates competed at Miss Malaysia 1963.
* Alice Woon, 17, Singapore
* Annabella Solomon, Kuala Lumpur
* Anita Chee, 21, Kluang
* Ann Woodford, 20, Singapore
* Carmen Smith, Kuala Lumpur
* Catherine Loh, 19, Brunei
* Diana Yong, Kuala Lumpur
* Fanny Voon, Jesselton
* Helen Lee Yoke Lin, 22, Kuala Lumpur
* Ho Nyuk Bitt, Jesselton
* Linda Foo, 20, Singapore
* Linda Tong, Kuala Lumpur
* Maria Abdulla, Singapore
* Molly Lan, Sandakan
* Molly Low, Singapore
* Mona Bird, Kuala Lumpur
* N. Selvarani, Rawang
* Olga Cornelius, Singapore
* Patricia Chan, Singapore
* Pixie Monteiro, Singapore
* Sara Abdullah, Kuala Lumpur
* Shirley Andre, Kuala Lumpur
* Susan Chiew, Ipoh
* S. Pushparani, Kuala Lumpur

## Crossovers

Contestants who previously competed/appeared at other international/national beauty pageants:

      ### National competition
### Miss Malaya International

* 1961 – Ann Woodford (1st Runner-Up)

      ### State competition
### Miss Melaka International

* 1961 – Ann Woodford (1st Runner-Up)

### Miss Kuala Lumpur International

* 1962 – Ann Woodford (2nd Runner-Up)

### Miss Brunei

* 1961 – Catherine Loh (Winner)
* 1962 – Catherine Loh (Winner)

### Miss Kebaya

* 1962 – Catherine Loh (Winner)

### Miss Varsity Queen Singapore

* 1963 – Alice Woon (Winner)
# Lasterbach

Lasterbach is a river of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse, Germany. It flows into the Elbbach in Elbtal.
# KHMZ

KHMZ may refer to:
* KHMZ (FM), a radio station (94.9 FM) licensed to serve Snyder, Texas, United States
* Bedford County Airport (ICAO code KHMZ)
# Canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's K-1 10000 metres

These are the results of the men's K-1 10,000 metres competition in canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The K-1 event is raced by single-man canoe sprint kayaks and took place on Friday, August 7.
Fifteen canoeists from 15 nations competed.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Ernst Krebs (GER) | Fritz Landertinger (AUT) | Ernest Riedel (USA) |

## Final

Friday, August 7, 1936: Only a final was held.
| Place | Canoeist | Time |
| 1 | Ernst Krebs (GER) | 46:01.6 |
| 2 | Fritz Landertinger (AUT) | 46:14.7 |
| 3 | Ernest Riedel (USA) | 47:23.9 |
| 4 | Ko van Tongeren (NED) | 47:31.0 |
| 5 | Evert Johansson (FIN) | 47:35.5 |
| 6 | František Brzák (TCH) | 47:36.8 |
| 7 | Bruno Lips (SUI) | 48:01.2 |
| 8 | Elio Sasso Sant (ITA) | 49:20.0 |
| 9 | Nils Wallin (SWE) | 49:48.7 |
| 10 | Josip Zidarn (YUG) | 50:31.6 |
| 11 | Louis Maes (BEL) | 51:31.8 |
| 12 | Péter Szittya (HUN) | 52:16.8 |
| 13 | Jules Mackowiak (FRA) | 52:56.0 |
| 14 | William Williamson (CAN) | 54:05.7 |
| 15 | Helge Nielsen (DEN) | 56:43.9 |