# List of the vascular plants of the Falkland Islands

The flora of the Falkland Islands comprises 178 native species (marked * in the list below), 219 non-native species ('†') and 6 of uncertain status. Thirteen species (marked in bold) are endemic to the islands, and two – Gamochaeta malvinensis and Polystichum mohrioides – are near-endemics, being also found on other nearby islands.

## Ferns and fern allies

* Huperzia fuegiana, fir clubmoss*
* Lycopodium confertum, creeping clubmoss*
* Lycopodium magellanicum, common clubmoss*
* Ophioglossum crotalophoroides, adder's-tongue*
* Equisetum arvense, field horsetail†
* Adiantum chilense, maidenhair-fern*
* Asplenium dareoides, spleenwort*
* Asplenium scolopendrium, hart's-tongue fern
* Blechnum magellanicum, tall-fern*
* Blechnum penna-marina, small-fern*
* Botrychium dusenii, Dusen's moonwort*
* Cystopteris fragilis, brittle bladder-fern*
* Dryopteris dilatata, broad buckler-fern†
* Dryopteris filix-mas, male-fern†
* Grammitis poeppigiana, strap-fern*
* Hymenophyllum caespitosum, red-haired filmy-fern*
* Hymenophyllum darwinii, Darwin's filmy-fern*
* Hymenophyllum falklandicum, Falkland filmy-fern*
* Hymenophyllum tortuosum, twisted filmy-fern*
* Hypolepis poeppigii, bramble-fern*
* Parablechnum cordatum, Chilean tall-fern*
* Polystichum mohrioides, shield-fern*
* Rumohra adiantiformis, leathery shield-fern*
* Schizaea fistulosa, comb fern*
* Sticherus cryptocarpa, coral-fern*

## Gymnosperms

* Cupressus macrocarpa, Monterey cypress†
* Picea sitchensis, Sitka spruce†
* Pinus contorta, lodgepole pine†
* Pinus echinata, shortleaf pine†
* Pinus muricata, bishop pine†
* Pinus nigra, Austrian pine†
* Pinus radiata, Monterey pine†
* Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine†

## Angiosperms
### Ranunculales
#### Berberidaceae

* Berberis microphylla, calafate†

#### Papaveraceae

* Fumaria muralis, common ramping-fumitory†
* Papaver dubium subsp. dubium, long-headed poppy†
* Papaver dubium subsp. lecoqii, yellow-juiced poppy†

#### Ranunculaceae

* Hamadryas argentea, silvery buttercup*
* Psychrophila appendiculata, dwarf marigold*
* Psychrophila sagittata, arrow-leaved marigold*
* Ranunculus acaulis, Skottsberg's buttercup*
* Ranunculus biternatus, Antarctic buttercup*
* Ranunculus hydrophilus, marsh buttercup*
* Ranunculus maclovianus, Falkland buttercup*
* Ranunculus pseudotrullifolius, false ladle-leaved buttercup*
* Ranunculus repens, creeping buttercup†
* Ranunculus sceleratus, celery-leaved buttercup†
* Ranunculus sericocephalus, silky buttercup*
* Ranunculus trullifolius, ladle-leaved buttercup*

### Gunnerales

* Gunnera magellanica, pigvine*

### Saxifragales
#### Crassulaceae

* Crassula moschata,* stonecrop*
* Sedum acre, biting stonecrop†
* Sedum forsterianum, rock stonecrop†

#### Grossulariaceae

* Ribes magellanicum, Magellanic currant†
* Ribes nigrum, black currant†
* Ribes rubrum, red currant†
* Ribes uva-crispa, gooseberry†

#### Haloragaceae

* Myriophyllum quitense, water-milfoil*

#### Saxifragaceae

* Saxifraga magellanica, saxifrage*
* Saxifraga × urbium, London pride†

### Fabales

* Cytisus scoparius, broom†
* Glycyrrhiza astragalina,†
* Lotus corniculatus, bird's-foot-trefoil†
* Lotus pedunculatus, greater bird's-foot-trefoil†
* Lupinus arboreus, tree lupin†
* Medicago sativa, lucerne†
* Trifolium arvense, hare's-foot clover†
* Trifolium aureum, golden clover†
* Trifolium dubium, lesser trefoil†
* Trifolium fragiferum, strawberry clover†
* Trifolium hybridum, alsike clover†
* Trifolium pratense, red clover†
* Trifolium repens, white clover†
* Trifolium striatum, knotted clover†
* Ulex europaeus, gorse†
* Ulex gallii, western gorse†
* Vicia cracca, tufted vetch†
* Vicia sativa, common vetch†
* Vicia sepium, bush vetch†

### Rosales
#### Rosaceae

* Acaena antarctica, Antarctic prickly-burr*
* Acaena lucida,* yarrow*
* Acaena magellanica, prickly-burr*
* Acaena ovalifolia, oval-leaved prickly-burr*
* Acaena pumila, dwarf prickly-burr*
* Aphanes arvensis, parsley-piert†
* Malus domestica, apple†
* Potentilla anserina, silverweed†
* Prunus domestica, plum†
* Rosa canina, dog-rose†
* Rosa rubiginosa, sweet-briar†
* Rosa rugosa, Japanese rose†
* Rubus geoides, Falkland strawberry*
* Rubus idaeus, raspberry†
* Sorbus aria, whitebeam†
* Sorbus aucuparia, rowan†

#### Urticaceae

* Urtica urens, annual stinging-nettle†

### Fagales

* Castanea sativa, sweet chestnut†
* Nothofagus betuloides, southern beech†
* Quercus robur, pedunculate oak†

### Celastrales

* Maytenus magellanica, pickwood†

### Oxalidales

* Oxalis enneaphylla, scurvygrass*

### Malpighiales
#### Elatinaceae

* Elatine triandra, waterwort*

#### Euphorbiaceae

* Euphorbia peplus, petty spurge†

#### Salicaceae

* Populus × canescens, grey poplar†
* Salix cinerea, grey willow†
* Salix gmelinii, Gmelin's willow†
* Salix viminalis, osier†
* Salix × rubra, green-leaved willow†

#### Violaceae

* Viola arvensis, field pansy†
* Viola maculata, common violet*
* Viola magellanica, Fuegian violet*
* Viola tricolor, heartsease / wild pansy†
* Viola tridentata, mountain violet*
* Viola × wittrockiana, pansy†

### Geraniales

* Erodium cicutarium, common storks-bill†
* Geranium molle, dove's-foot crane's-bill†
* Geranium pusillum, small-flowered crane's-bill†
* Geranium robertianum, herb robert†

### Myrtales
#### Myrtaceae

* Eucalyptus gunnii, cider gum†
* Myrteola nummularia, teaberry*

#### Onagraceae

* Epilobium ciliatum, American willowherb†
* Epilobium obscurum, short-fruited willowherb†
* Fuchsia 'Corallina', large-flowered fuchsia†
* Fuchsia magellanica, fuchsia†

### Malvales

* Sidalcea malviflora, Greek mallow†
* Drapetes muscosa, drapetes*

### Brassicales

* Armoracia rusticana, horseradish†
* Brassica napus, swede†
* Brassica oleracea, cabbage†
* Brassica rapa, turnip†
* Capsella bursa-pastoris, shepherd's-purse†
* Cardamine glacialis, bitter-cress*
* Cardamine hirsuta, hairy bitter-cress†
* Cochlearia officinalis, English scurvygrass†
* Draba funiculosa, whitlowgrass*
* Draba magellanica, Fuegian whitlowgrass*
* Erophila verna, introduced whitlowgrass†
* Hesperis matronalis, dame's-violet†
* Lepidium didymum, lesser swine-cress*
* Nasturtium officinale, water-cress†
* Phlebolobium maclovianum, Falkland rock-cress*

### Santalales

* Nanodea muscosa, foxberry*

### Caryophyllales
#### Amaranthaceae

* Atriplex patula, common orache†
* Atriplex prostrata, spear-leaved orache†
* Chenopodium macrospermum, goosefoot*
* Suaeda argentinensis, shrubby seablite*

#### Caryophyllaceae

* Cerastium arvense, field mouse-ear*
* Cerastium fontanum, common mouse-ear†
* Cerastium glomeratum, sticky mouse-ear†
* Colobanthus quitensis, Andean pearlwort*
* Colobanthus subulatus, emerald-bog*
* Sagina filicaulis, annual pearlwort†
* Sagina procumbens, procumbent pearlwort†
* Silene latifolia, white campion†
* Silene uniflora, bladder campion†
* Spergula arvensis, corn spurrey†
* Spergularia marina, lesser sea-spurrey*
* Stellaria alsine, bog stitchwort†
* Stellaria debilis,* stitchwort*
* Stellaria graminea, lesser stitchwort†
* Stellaria media, chickweed†

#### Droseraceae

* Drosera uniflora, sundew*

#### Montiaceae

* Calandrinia nitida,*
* Claytonia perfoliata, spring beauty†
* Montia fontana, blinks*

#### Plumbaginaceae

* Armeria maritima, thrift*

#### Polygonaceae

* Polygonum aviculare, knotgrass†
* Polygonum maritimum, sea knotgrass*
* Rheum × hybridum, rhubarb†
* Rumex acetosa, sorrel†
* Rumex acetosella subsp. acetosella, sheep's sorrel†
* Rumex acetosella subsp. pyrenaicus, round-seeded sheep's sorrel†
* Rumex crispus, curled dock†
* Rumex hydrolapathum, water dock†
* Rumex longifolius, northern dock†
* Rumex magellanicus, southern dock*
* Rumex obtusifolius, broad-leaved dock†

### Ericales
#### Ericaceae

* Calluna vulgaris, heather†
* Empetrum rubrum, diddle-dee*
* Gaultheria antarctica, Antarctic mountainberry*
* Gaultheria antarctica × pumila, mountainberry hybrid*
* Gaultheria pumila, mountainberry*

#### Primulaceae

* Anagallis alternifolia, pimpernel*
* Primula magellanica, dusty miller*
* Samolus repens, shore pimpernel*

### Gentianales
#### Gentianaceae

* Centaurium pulchellum, lesser centaury†
* Gentianella magellanica, felwort*

#### Rubiaceae

* Galium antarcticum, Antarctic bedstraw*
* Galium aparine, cleavers†
* Galium saxatile, heath bedstraw†
* Nertera granadensis, beadplant*

### Boraginaceae

* Myosotis arvensis, field forget-me-not†
* Myosotis discolor, changing forget-me-not†
* Myosotis ramosissima, early forget-me-not†

### Solanales

* Solanum tuberosum, potato†

### Lamiales
#### Calceolariaceae

* Calceolaria biflora, yellow lady's slipper*
* Calceolaria fothergillii, lady's slipper*

#### Callitrichaceae

* Callitriche antarctica, water-starwort*

#### Lamiaceae

* Lamium amplexicaule, henbit dead-nettle†
* Lamium hybridum, cut-leaved dead-nettle†
* Lamium purpureum, red dead-nettle†
* Mentha spicata, spearmint†
* Mentha × piperita, peppermint†
* Mentha × villosa, apple-mint†
* Prunella vulgaris, selfheal†
* Scutellaria nummulariifolia, skullcap*

#### Orobanchaceae

* Euphrasia antarctica, eyebright*
* Euphrasia confusa, European eyebright†
* Parentucellia viscosa, yellow bartsia†

#### Plantaginaceae

* Littorella australis, shoreweed*
* Plantago barbata, thrift plantain*
* Plantago coronopus, buck's-horn plantain†
* Plantago lanceolata, ribwort plantain†
* Plantago major, greater plantain†
* Plantago maritima, sea plantain*
* Plantago media, hoary plantain†
* Plantago moorei, Moore's plantain*

#### Scrophulariaceae

* Limosella australis, southern mudwort*

#### Veronicaceae

* Digitalis purpurea, foxglove†
* Veronica agrestis, green field speedwell†
* Veronica arvensis, wall speedwell†
* Veronica elliptica,* boxwood*
* Veronica officinalis, heath speedwell†
* Veronica serpyllifolia, thyme-leaved speedwell†
* Veronica × franciscana, hybrid boxwood†

### Asterales
#### Asteraceae

* Abrotanella emarginata, notched moss-bog*
* Achillea millefolium, yarrow†
* Agoseris coronopifolium, Fuegian hawks-beard*
* Anthemis punctata, Sicilian chamomile†
* Baccharis magellanica, Christmas-bush*
* Bellis perennis, daisy†
* Chevreulia lycopodioides, clubmoss cudweed*
* Chiliotrichum diffusum, fachine*
* Cichorium intybus, chicory†
* Cirsium arvense, creeping thistle†
* Cirsium vulgare, spear thistle†
* Crepis capillaris, smooth hawks-beard†
* Erigeron incertus, hairy daisy*
* Gamochaeta americana, American cudweed*
* Gamochaeta antarctica, Antarctic cudweed*
* Gamochaeta malvinensis, Falkland cudweed*
* Gamochaeta spiciformis, spiked cudweed*
* Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Jersey cudweed†
* Hieracium antarcticum, Antarctic hawkweed*
* Hieracium patagonicum, Patagonian hawkweed*
* Hypochaeris arenaria, sand cat's-ear*
* Hypochaeris radicata, common cat's-ear†
* Lagenophora nudicaulis, dwarf daisy*
* Leontodon hispidus, rough hawkbit†
* Leptinella scariosa, buttonweed*
* Leucanthemum vulgare, oxeye daisy†
* Leucanthemum × superbum, Shasta daisy†
* Leucheria suaveolens, vanilla daisy*
* Matricaria discoidea, pineappleweed†
* Nassauvia gaudichaudii, coastal nassauvia*
* Nassauvia serpens, snakeplant*
* Perezia recurvata, Falkland lavender*
* Pilosella aurantiaca, orange hawkweed, fox-and-cubs†
* Pilosella officinarum, mouse-ear-hawkweed†
* Senecio candidans, sea cabbage*
* Senecio falklandicus, woolly Falkland daisy*
* Senecio jacobaea, European ragwort†
* Senecio squalidus, Oxford ragwort†
* Senecio sylvaticus, heath groundsel†
* Senecio vaginatus, smooth Falkland daisy*
* Senecio vulgaris, groundsel†
* Sonchus asper, prickly sow-thistle†
* Sonchus oleraceus, smooth sow-thistle†
* Symphyotrichum vahlii, marsh daisy*
* Tanacetum parthenium cv. 'Aureum', golden feverfew†
* Tanacetum vulgare, tansy†
* Taraxacum gilliesii, Gillie's dandelion*
* Taraxacum officinale, dandelion†
* Tripleurospermum maritimum, scentless mayweed†
* Tussilago farfara, colt's foot†
* Nastanthus falklandicus, false-plantain*

#### Calyceraceae

* Lobelia pratiana, berry-lobelia*

### Dipsacales
#### Caprifoliaceae

* Lonicera periclymenum, honeysuckle†
* Sambucus nigra cv. 'Marginata', variegated elder†
* Sambucus nigra f. laciniata, cut-leaved elder†
* Sambucus nigra f. nigra, elder†

#### Valerianaceae

* Valeriana sedifolia, valerian-bog*
* Valerianella locusta, lamb's lettuce†

### Apiales
#### Apiaceae

* Anthriscus sylvestris, cow parsley†
* Apium australe, wild celery*
* Azorella filamentosa, wiry azorella*
* Azorella lycopodioides, clubmoss azorella*
* Azorella monantha, tufted azorella*
* Azorella selago, cushion azorella*
* Bolax gummifera, balsam-bog*
* Conium maculatum, hemlock†
* Heracleum sphondylium, hogweed†
* Levisticum officinale, lovage†
* Lilaeopsis macloviana, lilaeopsis*
* Oreomyrrhis hookeri, Hooker's sweet cicely*
* Schizeilema ranunculus, buttercup-parsley*

#### Araliaceae

* Hedera helix, ivy†

#### Hydrocotylaceae

* Hydrocotyle chamaemorus, marsh pennywort*

### Alismatales
#### Juncaginaceae

* Tetroncium magellanicum, arrowgrass*

#### Potamogetonaceae

* Potamogeton linguatus,* pondweed*

#### Ruppiaceae

* Ruppia filifolia, tasselweed*

### Liliales
#### Alstroemeriaceae

* Luzuriaga marginata, almond-flower*

#### Corsiaceae

* Arachnitis uniflora, spider-flower*

### Asparagales
#### Alliaceae

* Allium schoenoprasum, chives†
* Allium triquetrum, three-cornered garlic†
* Narcissus pseudonarcissus, daffodil – Alliaceae
* Narcissus sp., daffodil†

#### Asparagaceae

* Hyacinthoides non-scripta, English bluebell†
* Hyacinthoides × massartiana, hybrid bluebell†

#### Asteliaceae

* Astelia pumila, soft-camp-bog*
* Olsynium filifolium, pale maiden*

#### Iridaceae

* Sisyrinchium chilense, yellow maiden*

#### Orchidaceae

* Chloraea fonkii, Gaudichaud's orchid*
* Codonorchis lessonii, dog orchid*
* Gavilea australis, pale yellow orchid*
* Gavilea littoralis, yellow orchid*

#### Xanthorrhoeaceae

* Phormium tenax, New Zealand flax†

### Poales
#### Centrolepidaceae

* Gaimardia australis, gaimardia*

#### Cyperaceae

* Carex acaulis, small dusky sedge*
* Carex aematorrhyncha, blood-beak sedge*
* Carex banksii, Banks' sedge*
* Carex caduca, caducous sedge*
* Carex canescens, white sedge*
* Carex decidua, creek sedge*
* Carex flacca, glaucous sedge†
* Carex fuscula, dusky sedge*
* Carex macloviana, Falkland sedge*
* Carex magellanica, fuegian sedge*
* Carex microglochin, bristle sedge*
* Carex sagei, Sage's sedge*
* Carex trifida, sword-grass*
* Carex vallis-pulchrae, marsh sedge*
* Eleocharis melanostachys, spike-rush*
* Isolepis cernua, nodding club-rush*
* Oreobolus obtusangulus, oreob / prickly-bog*
* Schoenoplectus californicus, California club-rush*
* Uncinia kingii, king's hook-sedge*
* Uncinia macloviana, hook-sedge*

#### Juncaceae

* Juncus articulatus, jointed rush†
* Juncus bufonius, toad rush†
* Juncus effusus, soft rush†
* Juncus scheuchzerioides,* rush*
* Luzula alopecurus,* wood-rush*
* Luzula campestris, field wood-rush†
* Luzula multiflora subsp. congesta, dense-headed heath wood-rush†
* Luzula multiflora subsp. multiflora, heath wood-rush†
* Marsippospermum grandiflorum, tall rush*
* Rostkovia magellanica, short rush / brown rush*

#### Poaceae

* Agrostis capillaris, common bent†
* Agrostis magellanica, Fuegian bent*
* Agrostis meyenii, Meyen's bent*
* Agrostis stolonifera, creeping bent†
* Aira caryophyllea, silver hair-grass†
* Aira praecox, early hair-grass†
* Alopecurus geniculatus, marsh foxtail†
* Alopecurus magellanicus, Fuegian foxtail*
* Ammophila arenaria, marram†
* Anthoxanthum odoratum, sweet vernal-grass†
* Arrhenatherum elatius, false oat-grass†
* Avena sativa, oat†
* Bromus catharticus, rescue brome†
* Bromus condensatus, upright brome†
* Bromus hordeaceus, soft brome†
* Bromus sterilis, barren brome†
* Cortaderia pilosa, whitegrass*
* Cynosurus cristatus, crested dog's-tail†
* Dactylis glomerata, cock's-foot†
* Deschampsia antarctica, Antarctic hair-grass*
* Deschampsia flexuosa, wavy hair-grass*
* Deschampsia parvula, dwarf hair-grass*
* Elymus farctus, sand couch†
* Elymus magellanicus, Fuegian couch*
* Elymus repens, common couch†
* Festuca contracta, land-tussac*
* Festuca filiformis, fine-leaved sheep's fescue – Poaceae
* Festuca magellanica, Fuegian fescue*
* Festuca ovina, sheep's fescue – Poaceae
* Festuca pratensis, meadow fescue†
* Festuca rubra, red fescue†
* Hierochloe redolens, cinnamon-grass*
* Holcus lanatus, Yorkshire fog†
* Hordeum comosum, hairy barley†
* Hordeum jubatum, foxtail barley†
* Hordeum murinum, wall barley†
* Koeleria permollis, Berg's hair-grass*
* Leymus arenarius, lyme-grass†
* Lolium multiflorum, Italian rye-grass – Poaceae
* Lolium perenne, perennial rye-grass†
* Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea, reed canary-grass†
* Phalaris arundinacea var. picta, gardeners-garters†
* Phleum pratense, timothy†
* Poa alopecurus, bluegrass*
* Poa annua, annual meadow-grass†
* Poa flabellata, tussac / tussac-grass*
* Poa pratensis, smooth-stalked meadow-grass†
* Poa robusta, shore meadow-grass*
* Poa trivialis, rough-stalked meadow-grass†
* Puccinellia pusilla, dwarf saltmarsh-grass*
* Stipa neaei, feathergrass†
* Trisetum phleoides, spiked oat-grass*
* Trisetum spicatum, spike trisetum†
* Triticum aestivum, wheat†
* Vulpia bromoides, squirreltail fescue†