OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brigade Nhamedu

Brigade Nhamedu ('Brigade Being ready to fight and sacrifice' or 'Blue Brigade'), also known as Brigade N’Hamedu) is an Eritrean diaspora-based group advocating against the government of Eritrea. It was established in 2022. The group seeks to stop or disrupt diaspora gatherings that are supportive to Eritrea's authoritarian government, through any means, including through intimidation and violence. The group claims that diaspora are subjected to pro-government propaganda and are pressured to pay taxes to the Eritrean government at these gatherings. The end goal of the group is to end the government of Isaias Afwerki and his PFDJ party.
The group has been linked to violent confrontations with pro-government diaspora groups in Canada, the US, Sweden, Germany, Norway, The Netherlands and Israel. A pro-government Eritrean diaspora group has called for prosecutors to denote Brigade Nhamedu a terrorist organization.

## History

According to a UK-based representative of the group, the group was formed in mid-2022 in response to an Eritrean cultural festival organized by Eritrean government actors. According to the representative, Eritrean-government affiliated paramilitary were present at the festival, threatening anti-government activists.
According to researcher Martin Plaut, the Brigade has organized itself in Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Britain, Germany, the USA, Finland, Israel, Australia and South Africa among others. They plan to hold elections for a democratic government-in-exile. Members mainly organize themselves through social media such as PalTalk, Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok.

### Incidents

On 8 July 2023, several police officers were wounded after a group of Eritreans attacked an event at the Eritrea Festival in Giessen, Germany. The attack could not be conclusively linked to Brigade Nhamedu by the police.
On 17 February 2024, members of the group violently confronted police and firefighters during a pro-government gathering in The Hague. According to prosecutors, member deliberately attacked police, as they perceived police to protect the pro-government gathering. 29 police officers were wounded during the confrontations.
Three days later, one of the alleged leaders and co-founders, an Eritrean-Dutch man using the pseudonym 'John Black', was arrested in The Netherlands. John Black claimed to have attempted to get the municipality to retract the pro-government gathering's permit. When this was not honored, he called for a 'Plan B' to stop the gathering. According to Dutch prosecutors, John Black had promoted texts claiming that the group does not bound itself to laws and is a movement of violence.
# Bundesliga (disambiguation)

A Bundesliga (plural: Bundesligen), meaning Federal League, is the highest league of competition for several sports in Austria and Germany.
In English, the term most often refers to the top division of men's association football in Germany, the Bundesliga (full native name Fußball-Bundesliga), which has operated since 1963.

## Bundesligen in Germany

* Other association football leagues:
** Frauen-Bundesliga – Women's top division association football in Germany (1990–present)
** Under 19 Bundesliga – Men's under 19 football (2003–present)
** Under 17 Bundesliga – Men's under 17 football (2007–present)
* Basketball Bundesliga (1966–present)
* Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga (founded 1947), women's basketball
* Bundesliga (baseball) (1984–present)
* Chess Bundesliga (1980–present)
* World League eSport Bundesliga (2005-2006), video games
* Men's Feldhockey Bundesliga
* Women's Feldhockey Bundesliga
* German Football League (1979–present), American football Bundesliga, renamed in 1999
* Go-Bundesliga, Go
* Handball-Bundesliga (1965–present)
* Handball-Bundesliga (women) (founded 1975), women's handball
* Ice hockey
** Deutsche Eishockey Liga (1995–present)
** Eishockey-Bundesliga (1958-1994)
** German women's ice hockey Bundesliga (founded 1988), women's ice hockey
* Roller Hockey Bundesliga (founded 1967), men's roller hockey
* Rugby
** Rugby-Bundesliga, rugby union (1971–present)
** Women's Rugby Bundesliga (1987–present), women's rugby union
* Bundesliga (shooting) (1997–present)
* Bundesliga (table tennis) (1966–present)
* Tennis Bundesliga (men) (1972–present)
* Volleyball
** Deutsche Volleyball-Bundesliga
** German Women's Volleyball League
*** German Women's 2 Volleyball Bundesliga
* Bundesliga (wrestling) (1964–present)

## Bundesligen in Austria

* Austrian Football Bundesliga – men's football
* Austrian Football League – men's American style football
* Austrian Basketball Bundesliga – men's basketball
* 1. Rugby Bundesliga - men's rugby
* Austria women's ice hockey Bundesliga (founded 1988), women's ice hockey
* Austrian Judo Bundesliga
# Michel Joseph Kuehn

Michel Joseph Kuehn (7 October 1923 – 18 September 2012) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church.
Michel Joseph Kuehn was born in Saint-Dié, France, ordained a priest on 12 July 1947 and appointed bishop of the Diocese of Chartres on 27 July 1978. He was ordained bishop on 30 September 1978, where he would remain until his resignation on 6 April 1991.
# Dark-backed sibia

The dark-backed sibia (Heterophasia melanoleuca) is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. In former times it was included the black-headed sibia, H. desgodinsi. Together with most other sibias, it is sometimes separated in the genus Malacias. It is found in China, Myanmar and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
# Pseudarmadillo tuberculatus

Pseudarmadillo tuberculatus is an extinct species of isopod in the family Delatorreiidae known from a series of possibly Miocene fossils found on Hispaniola. At the time of description P. tuberculatus was one of two Pseudarmadillo species known from the fossil record and one of only two from Hispaniola.

## History and classification

P. tuberculatus is known from four isopods, both female and male, all of which are inclusions in three different transparent chunks of Dominican amber. Two of the paratypes are fossils in the same amber specimen while the other two individuals are both in separate amber specimens. The amber specimens which entomb the holotype and paratypes, are currently preserved in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology collections at the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart in Stuttgart, Germany. The type specimens were collected from an undetermined amber mine, in fossil bearing rocks of the Cordillera Septentrional mountains, northern Dominican Republic. The amber was produced by resin from the extinct tree Hymenaea protera, which formerly grew on Hispaniola, across northern South America and up to southern Mexico. The amber dates from at least the Burdigalian stage of the Miocene, based on studying the associated fossil foraminifera and may be as old as the Middle Eocene, based on the associated fossil coccoliths. This age range is due to the host rock being secondary deposits for the amber, and the Miocene the age range is only the youngest that it might be.
The fossil isopods were first studied by paleontologist Helmut Schmalfuss of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. Schmalfuss's 1984 type description of the new species was published in the journal Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) and no explanation of the specific epithet tuberculatus was given. P. tuberculatus is one of the first two species of Pseudarmadillo described from the fossil record, the other species being Pseudarmadillo cristatus. Both are known only from Dominican amber and were described in the same 1984 paper.

## Description

The Pseudarmadillo tuberculatus specimens are moderately well preserved, though since isopods lack the wax coatings found in insects, they show deterioration and distortion from the resin after entombment. The species has an estimated adult body length of up to approximately 3.5 millimetres (0.14 in) and a width of 1.5 millimetres (0.059 in). In contrast to P. cristatus which has two ribs running the length of the body on each side, only one rib is on each side of P. tuberculatus. While both species have two rows of bumps running the width of the body between the ribs on each body segment, the front row of bumps is eleven across and the posterior row is ten across in P. tuberculatus rather the row and five and four in P. cristatus. The cephalon has notably enlarged antennal lobes that served to shelter the antenna when an individual curled into a defensive ball. The compound eyes of the species are composed five ommatidia.
# Cycloprionus

Cycloprionus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Cycloprionus flavus.
# Light organ

A light organ is an electronic device which automatically converts an audio signal (such as music) into rhythmic light effects. In the 1970s, light organs were a popular lighting effect used in discotheques and dance parties; and also during that period, the home entertainment manufacturer Morse-Electrophonic produced some of their stereo systems with a built-in light organ display (such as their "Stereo Bar"). The multicolored lights of the light organ would pulsate to the beat of the music.

## Technology

The circuit of a light organ separates the audio signal into frequency bands and controls the light channels according to the average level of each band using dimmers. A typical party light organ of the 1970s had three spotlights, red, green and blue, for sounds in bass, medium frequency and high frequency.
Due to their simple structure, light organs were popular as DIY projects for electronics hobbyists in the 1970s and can still be found for sale on the internet.
In 1971, the Rickenbacker guitar company offered their 331LS "Lightshow" model (and matching bass, model 4005LS), the body of which contained a three-channel light organ (with a dimmer); each channel corresponded to the pitch of the strings being played. The soundboard on these models was replaced with thin Plexiglas cutouts over a translucent moire diffraction material.
With the widespread adoption of cheap PCs, some hobbyists started experimenting with using PCs for frequency analysis instead of analog filters.
# Metasphenisca axilatra

Metasphenisca axilatra is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Metasphenisca of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Uganda.
# Prudence Burns Burrell

Prudence Hathaway Burrell (née Burns; March 23, 1916 – February 29, 2012) was an African American nurse and author. During World War II, she served in the Army Nurse Corps in segregated hospitals, mainly in the Pacific theater. Her autobiography Hathaway, was published in 1997. Burrell continued to tell the story of African American nurses in the war throughout her life.

## Early life and education

Prudence Hathaway Burns was born in Mounds, Illinois on March 23, 1916. She grew up with a caretaker in Danville, Illinois. In 1934, she graduated from Lovejoy High School, where she excelled in Latin. After high school, she moved to St. Louis, where she worked as a maid to put herself through nursing school. Burrell trained at the nursing school at a segregated hospital in Kansas City, General Hospital No. 2, and was certified as a registered nurse in 1939. In 1941, she was starting her degree in public health at the University of Minnesota, which she completed after the war.

## Career

In 1941, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune, and Mable Staupers, president of the Negro Graduate Nurses Association, urged the Army Surgeon General to recruit black nurses. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Army's quota of only 48 black nurses was lifted, and recruitment of African American nurses began nationwide. Burrell was asked by the Kansas City, Missouri, chapter of the American Red Cross to recruit nurses, but ended up joining the Army Nurse Corps herself on October 20, 1942, with the rank of second lieutenant. She eventually attained the rank of first lieutenant, but was technically not allowed to treat white troops.
Burrell attended basic training at Fort Huachuca. She was part of the 268th Station Hospital for three years. On October 15, 1943, she and her unit were stationed in Australia for six months before they were transferred to a hospital in Milne Bay, New Guinea. In May 1945, the hospital unit was transferred to the Philippines. As the war was ending, Burrell married Lieutenant Lowell Burrell, a Detroit native. Her wedding dress was made of a silk parachute. After the war, Burrell continued to study at the University of Minnesota and graduated in 1951 with a bachelor's degree. She and her husband moved to Detroit and Burrell worked as a math teacher.

## Memoir and legacy

Burrell kept track of the women she served with and continued to speak about her experiences in the Army. Burrell wrote her memoir Hathaway, which was published in 1997. As of 2001, she had a list of about 80 nurses she had traced. Burrell died on February 29, 2012.

## Awards

She received a presidential award honoring outstanding African Americans who served with distinction during World War II from President Bill Clinton during the 24th Annual Congressional Black Caucus legislative weekend.
# Buekenhout geometry

In mathematics, a Buekenhout geometry or diagram geometry is a generalization of projective spaces, Tits buildings, and several other geometric structures, introduced by Buekenhout (1979).

## Definition

A Buekenhout geometry consists of a set X whose elements are called "varieties", with a symmetric, reflexive relation on X called "incidence", together with a function τ called the "type map" from X to a set Δ whose elements are called "types" and whose size is called the "rank". Two distinct varieties of the same type cannot be incident.
A flag is a subset of X such that any two elements of the flag are incident. The Buekenhout geometry has to satisfy the following axiom:
* Every flag is contained in a flag with exactly one variety of each type.
Example: X is the linear subspaces of a projective space with two subspaces incident if one is contained in the other, Δ is the set of possible dimensions of linear subspaces, and the type map takes a linear subspace to its dimension. A flag in this case is a chain of subspaces, and each flag is contained in a so-called complete flag.
If F is a flag, the residue of F consists of all elements of X that are not in F but are incident with all elements of F. The residue of a flag forms a Buekenhout geometry in the obvious way, whose type are the types of X that are not types of F. A geometry is said to have some property residually if every residue of rank at least 2 has the property. In particular a geometry is called residually connected if every residue of rank at least 2 is connected (for the incidence relation).

## Diagrams

The diagram of a Buekenhout geometry has a point for each type, and two points x, y are connected with a line labeled to indicate what sort of geometry the rank 2 residues of type {x,y} have as follows.
* If the rank 2 residue is a digon, meaning any variety of type x is incident with every variety of type y, then the line from x to y is omitted. (This is the most common case.)
* If the rank 2 residue is a projective plane, then the line from x to y is not labelled. This is the next most common case.
* If the rank 2 residue is a more complicated geometry, the line is labelled by some symbol, which tends to vary from author to author.
# Daphnedale Park, California

Daphnedale Park is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Alturas, at an elevation of 4449 feet (1356 m). Its population is 129 as of the 2020 census, down from 184 from the 2010 census.

## Geography

Two parallel primary streets, Saralane and Lucilane, access the Daphnedale subdivision from the northern boundary of the city of Alturas at W. 19th St.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 1.3 square miles (3.5 km$^2$), 99.87% of it land, and 0.13% of it water.

## Demographics

The 2010 United States Census reported that Daphnedale Park had a population of 184. The population density was 138.1 inhabitants per square mile (53.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Daphnedale Park was 166 (90.2%) White, 2 (1.1%) African American, 6 (3.3%) Native American, 0 (0.0%) Asian, 4 (2.2%) Pacific Islander, 2 (1.1%) from other races, and 4 (2.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18 persons (9.8%).
The Census reported that 184 people (100% of the population) lived in households.
There were 76 households, out of which 23 (30.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 37 (48.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 7 (9.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2 (2.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 4 (5.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 23 households (30.3%) were made up of individuals, and 8 (10.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42. There were 46 families (60.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.09.
The population was spread out, with 40 people (21.7%) under the age of 18, 15 people (8.2%) aged 18 to 24, 34 people (18.5%) aged 25 to 44, 72 people (39.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 23 people (12.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.
There were 83 housing units at an average density of 62.3 per square mile (24.1/km$^2$), of which 55 (72.4%) were owner-occupied, and 21 (27.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.5%. 130 people (70.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 54 people (29.3%) lived in rental housing units.

## Politics

In the state legislature, Daphnedale Park is in the 1st Senate District, represented by Republican Brian Dahle, and the 1st Assembly District, represented by Republican Megan Dahle.
Federally, Daphnedale Park is in California's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa.
# Michael Hearn

Michael Hearn or Hearne may refer to:
* Michael Patrick Hearn, American literary scholar
* Michael Louis Hearn (1866–1931), Irish politician, member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
* Michael Hearne (died 1954), Irish politician, members of the Seanad
# Kelly Hanna

Kelly Hanna (born Kelly Thackeray on January 2, 1978) is an American makeup artist and hairstylist. She is most known for her unconventional use of color and false-lash application. She is easily recognized by her outlandish hair colors and penchant for wearing vintage hats. Kelly was called "the most exciting thing to happening in makeup artistry" by Salon Magazine.

## Early life

Kelly Hanna was raised mostly in Utah, having spent a brief amount of time in California and Hawaii. At an early age she showed an interest in the beauty industry, often dying and cutting her own hair. Encouraged by her parents to be self-enterprising, Kelly started charging classmates $1 to paint their nails at lunchtime during middle school. She then used the money to get a subscription to Vogue magazine at age 12. During high school, she would cut hair in her mother's kitchen and made up friends with drugstore makeup.

## Career

After attending college, Kelly decided to return to her original career: Hair stylist. She briefly attended Dallas Roberts Academy but then returned to graduate from Taylor Andrews Academy cosmetology school in Salt Lake City. She would eventually become a nail and makeup artistry instructor for Taylor Andrews Academy and attribute much of her success to her time spent there. It would be in Park City, Utah at the Sundance Film Festival that Kelly would do make up on her first celebrity client—she described the experience to the New York Daily News: "The very first celebrity I ever worked on was Paris Hilton. I was brand new and told her she was very beautiful. She was actually very sweet and just wanted very natural makeup with smoky eyes."
Spurred by a contentious divorce, Kelly moved to New York City to focus on her career and began working for MAC Cosmetics at the New York Pro Showroom. In New York City, Kelly became known as a celebrity makeup artist by headlining a series of high-profile "fashion preview" parties for New York Girl Style. While she refuses to "name names", she admits to doing "many celebrity faces--people a girl from Utah could only dream of seeing in a tabloid; not actually in front of me!" She has been known to do makeup for Cynthia Nixon, Liv Tyler, Kelly Ripa, Lucy Liu, and the cast of Gossip Girl. While her work is often seen on the runway during New York Fashion Week, she has been published in Elle, La Moderna, Modern Bride, Gothic Beauty and Salon Magazines.
# Legion Arena

Legion Arena is a computer wargame developed by Slitherine Strategies. It allows the player to play as several tribes during the rise of the Roman Empire. The player can play as the Latin tribes, the Celts and the Romans. It is published by Black Bean Games in Europe and Strategy First in North America for Windows.

## Release

The game was announced on June 30, 2004. A OS X port by Freeverse was announced on January 12, 2006. In 2006, an expansion to Legion Arena was released under the title of Legion Arena: Cult of Mithras. It incorporated mythical elements into the base game.

## Reception

Aggregate scores :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 68.23% |
| Metacritic | 66/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| G4 | |
| GameSpot | 6.9/10 |
| GameZone | 8/10 |
Legion Arena received mixed reviews from critics upon release. On Metacritic, the game holds a score of 65/100 based on 20 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". On GameRankings, the game holds a score of 68.23% based on 22 reviews.
# Protepicorsia maculifera

Protepicorsia maculifera is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1964. It is found in Bolivia.
# Punta del Curull

Punta del Curull is a mountain of Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 1,021 metres above sea level. It is the highest point of Serra de la Llena.
# Bridelia tenuifolia

Bridelia tenuifolia is a tree in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is native to southern Africa (Angola and Namibia).