OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# I Thought It Was Over

"I Thought It Was Over" is a song performed by British band the Feeling for their second studio album, Join with Us. The song was released as the album's lead single on 11 February 2008 and peaked at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart. According to the band's website, the song is about a love affair taking place around the time of the fall of the Berlin Wall for many weeks surpasses.
The song's music video premiered on Channel 4 on 22 December 2007. The video features the band in a dilapidated building, where, according to drummer, Paul Stewart, "Things shake and electronics go weird, as if being visited by other-worldly beings."

## Formats and track listing

CD single (Released 11 February 2008)
* "I Thought It Was Over" – 3:32
* "Don't Make It Easy" – 2:55
* "Colombia" – 4:06
* "I Thought It Was Over" (official music video)
7" green vinyl (Released 11 February 2008)
* "I Thought It Was Over" – 3:32
* "Colombia" – 4:06
Digital download (Released 1 February 2008)
* "I Thought It Was Over" (radio edit) – 3:32
Digital remixes EP (Released 1 February 2008)
* "I Thought It Was Over" (Tom Middleton Vocal remix) – 7:30
* "I Thought It Was Over" (Tom Middleton Dub remix) – 8:08

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 67 |
| Poland (LP3) | 43 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 6 |
| Switzerland Airplay (Schweizer Hitparade) | 76 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 9 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2008) | Position |
| UK Singles (Official Charts Company) | 141 |
# Patrick Briaud

Patrick Briaud (born 6 February 1983) is an American professional tennis player.

## College career

Briaud played college tennis for the California Golden Bears.

## Pro career

Briaud's professional endeavors had only limited success, in doubles. He won two minor league Challenger-level doubles events in 2007, and had only one ATP Tour level appearance in his career. This was a quarterfinal loss in the 2007 Mumbai tournament, partnered with Wesley Moodie.

## World TeamTennis

Briaud was a member of the 2008 New York Buzz team, which won the King Trophy as World TeamTennis champions.
# Piʻikea

Piʻikea (Hawaiian: piʻi = "to ascend", ke = "the", ea = "life"; "the life ascends") was a High Chiefess. She was a daughter of Piʻilani and Chiefess La’ieloheloheikawai and sister of Lono-a-Piʻilani and Kiha-a-Piʻilani. Piʻilani built a great temple; according to the myth, Piʻilani was a son of Kū.
Piʻikea went to Hawaiʻi and married ʻUmi-a-Liloa. Their son was Kumalae. They also had a daughter, Aihākōkō.
When Kiha had to flee from Maui, he sought refuge with Piʻikea, at the court of ʻUmi. Here his sister advocated his cause so warmly, and insisted with ʻUmi so urgently, that the latter was induced to espouse the cause of the younger brother against the older, and prepared an expedition to invade Maui, depose Lono, and raise Kiha-a-Piʻilani to the throne of his father. ʻUmi summoned the chiefs of the various districts of Hawaii to prepare for the invasion of Maui. When all the preparations were ready, ʻUmi headed the expedition in person, accompanied by his wife and her brother and by his bravest warriors. Crossing the waters of ʻAlenuihāhā Channel between Maui and Hawaiʻi, the fleet of ʻUmi effected a landing at Kapueokahi, the harbour of Hāna, Maui, where Lono had continued to reside after Piilani's death.
Having failed to prevent the landing of ʻUmi's forces, Lono retired to the fortress on the top of the neighbouring hill called Kauwiki. ʻUmi laid siege to the fort of Kauwiki, and, after some delay and several unsuccessful attempts, finally captured the fort, and Lono having fallen in the battle, Kiha-a-Piʻilani was proclaimed and acknowledged as a king. Having accomplished this, ʻUmi and his forces returned to Hawaiʻi.

## Sources

* ↑ Piʻikea
* ↑ Piʻilani's family
* ↑ Glenda Bendure; Ned Friary (2008). Lonely Planet Maui. Lonely Planet. pp. 242–. ISBN 978-1-74104-714-1.
* ↑ David Malo. Hawaiian Antiquities.
* ↑ Kamakau, Samuel Manaiakalani, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa (Newspaper). SEPTEMBER 23, 1865. "Ka Moolelo O Hawaii Nei".
* ↑ Kumalae
* ↑ Family trees of the Chiefs of Hawaii
* ↑ Abraham Fornander, An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origin and Migrations, Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1969
# Burkina Faso–Togo border

The Burkina Faso–Togo border is 131 km (81 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Ghana in the west to the tripoint with Benin in the east.

## Description

The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Ghana, and continues in a straight line orientated to the south-east. A short section then runs southwards along the Sansargou river, before a straight line veers to the north-east up to the 11th parallel north; the border then runs in a straight line immediately north of this parallel eastwards, terminating at the Beninese tripoint.

## History

The 1880s saw an intense competition for territory in Africa by the European powers, a process known as the 'Scramble for Africa'. Germany began taking an interest in acquiring African colonies in this period, signing treaties with chiefs along the coast of modern Togo in July 1884. The colony of German Togoland was then extended gradually inland. As a result of the Scramble, France had gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger). France occupied this area in 1900; Mali (then referred to as French Sudan) was originally included, along with modern Niger and Burkina Faso (then called Upper Volta), within the Upper Senegal and Niger colony and became a constituent of the federal colony of French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, abbreviated AOF).
France and Germany agreed upon the boundary between German Togoland and French territory on 23 July 1897. This was then delimited in more detail on 28 September 1912. In the First World War German Togoland was conquered by the Allied powers and then split into British and French mandates along a dividing line agreed upon on 10 July 1919. As a result what is now the Burkina Faso-Ghana-Togo tripoint was shifted eastwards.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community. Eventually, in 1960, both French Togoland and Upper Volta gained independence (British Togoland having been absorbed into Ghana), and their mutual frontier became an international one between two states.

## Settlements near the border
### Burkina Faso

* Pouniouassankoto
* Dagonkon
* Touekoudouga

### Togo

* Timbou
* Nadjouni
* Koundjouare
* Ponio
* Senkase

## Border crossings

The main crossing is located at Senkanse-Bitou. Third party governments generally discourage travel to the border region due to the poor security situation in Burkina Faso.
# Graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons

Graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons (alternatively graphitizable and non-graphitizable carbon) are the two categories of carbon produced by pyrolysis of organic materials. Rosalind Franklin first identified them in a 1951 paper in Proceedings of the Royal Society. In this paper, she defined graphitizing carbons as those that can transform into crystalline graphite by being heated to 3,000 °C (3,270 K; 5,430 °F), while non-graphitizing carbons do not transform into graphite at any temperature. Precursors that produce graphitizing carbon include polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and petroleum coke. Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and sucrose produce non-graphitizing carbon. Physical properties of the two classes of carbons are quite different. Graphitizing carbons are soft and non-porous, while non-graphitizing carbons are hard, low density materials. Non-graphitizing carbons are otherwise known as chars, hard carbons or, more colloquially, charcoal. Glassy carbon is also an example of a non-graphitizing carbon material.
The precursors for graphitizing carbons pass through a fluid stage during pyrolysis (carbonization). This fluidity facilitates the molecular mobility of the aromatic molecules, resulting in intermolecular dehydrogenative polymerization reactions to create aromatic, lamellar (disc-like) molecules. These "associate" to create a new liquid crystal phase, the so-called mesophase. A fluid phase is the dominant requirement for production of graphitizable carbons.
Non-graphitizing carbons generally do not pass through a fluid stage during carbonization. Since the time of Rosalind Franklin, researchers have put forward a number of models for their structure. Oberlin and colleagues emphasised the role of basic structural units (BSU), made of planar aromatic structures consisting of less than 10–20 rings, with four layers or fewer. Cross-linking between the BSUs in non-graphitizing carbons prevents graphitization. More recently, some have put forward models that incorporate pentagons and other non-six-membered carbon rings.
# Daskroi Assembly constituency

Daskroi is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Ahmedabad district.

## List of segments

This assembly seat represents the following segments,
* Ahmedabad City Taluka (Part) – Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (Part) Ward No. – Naroda (OG) 45, Nikol (OG) 46.
* Daskroi Taluka (Part) Villages –
Hanspura, Enasan, Bilasiya, Pardhol, Vahelal, Huka, Navarangpura, Zanu, Lalpur, Bharkunda, Pasunj, Kubadthal, Bhuvaldi, Kuha, Chandial, Kanial, Vadod, Bhavda, Harnivav, Undrel, Ranodra, Govindada, Chavlaj, Bhuval, Hirapur, Badodara, Geratpur, Ropda, Aslali, Laxmipura, Kamod, Vanzar, Badrabad, Visalpur, Bakrol Badrabad, Paldi Kankaj, Ode, Pirana, Gamdi, Devdi, Istolabad, Barejdi, Chosar, Jetalpur, Giramtha, Miroli, Kasindara, Bhat, Navapura, Timba, Mahijda, Vasai, Naj, Bareja, Mithiya, Kathwada, Fatewadi, Lambha (CT), Nandej (CT).

## Member of Legislative Assembly

* 2007 - Babubhai Patel, Bharatiya Janata Party
* 2012 - Babubhai Patel, Bharatiya Janata Party
| Year | Member | Picture | Party | Party |
| 2017 | Babubhai Patel | | | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2022 | Babubhai Patel | | | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election candidate
### 2022

Gujarat Assembly election, 2022:Daskroi Assembly constituency :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Babubhai Patel | 159107 | 62.93 |
| | INC | Umedji Budhaji Zala | 67470 | 26.69 |
| | AAP | Kirankumar Sureshchandra Patel | 19644 | 7.77 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 4189 | 1.66 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 91,637 | 36.24 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 382,297 | |

## Election results
### 2017

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2017: Daskroi :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Babubhai Patel | 127,432 | 56.93 | +1.88 |
| | INC | Pankajbhai Patel | 82,367 | 36.80 | +3.37 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | 20.13 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,23,822 | 71.83 | −0.05 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |

### 2012

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Babubhai Patel | 95813 | 55.05 |
| | INC | Laxmanbhai Baraiya | 58180 | 33.43 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 37633 | 21.62 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 174045 | 71.88 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | |
# Pierre Jouvet

Pierre Jouvet (born 6 October 1986) is a French politician of the Socialist Party who was elected member of the European Parliament in 2024. He has been serving as secretary-general of the Socialist Party since 2023, and as a member of the departmental council of Drôme since 2015. Until his election to the European Parliament, he served as mayor of Saint-Vallier and president of the Porte de DrômArdèche communauté de communes.

## Early life and career

Jouvet was born in Valence, to socialist parents working as teachers. He supported François Hollande in the 2011 presidential primary, and Manuel Valls in the 2017 primary. In the 2017 and 2022 legislative elections, he was a candidate for Drôme's 4th constituency. He was chosen as one of the Socialist Party's spokespeople in 2018, and was elected secretary-general of the party in 2023.
# Ian Gordon (ice hockey)

Ian Gordon (born May 15, 1975) is a Canadian-born German former professional ice hockey goaltender who last played for ERC Ingolstadt of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.

## Career

After playing in the American Hockey League and the International Hockey League, Gordon moved to Germany in 2000, when he signed with the SERC Wild Wings. After three seasons, he transferred to the Frankfurt Lions in 2003, won the German title with the Lions in his first season in Frankfurt, and remained with the team until 2010 when the Lions folded due to financial difficulties. Gordon became a naturalized German citizen on November 18, 2008.
On July 7, 2010, Gordon signed a contract with Ingolstadt. Gordon announced his retirement after the 2012–13 season.
# Martin Township

Martin Township may refer to:

## Arkansas

* Martin Township, Conway County, Arkansas, in Conway County, Arkansas
* Martin Township, Pope County, Arkansas

## Illinois

* Martin Township, Crawford County, Illinois
* Martin Township, McLean County, Illinois

## Kansas

* Martin Township, Smith County, Kansas, in Smith County, Kansas

## Michigan

* Martin Township, Michigan

## Minnesota

* Martin Township, Rock County, Minnesota

## Nebraska

* Martin Township, Hall County, Nebraska, in Hall County, Nebraska

## North Dakota

* Martin Township, Sheridan County, North Dakota, in Sheridan County, North Dakota
* Martin Township, Walsh County, North Dakota

## South Dakota

* Martin Township, Perkins County, South Dakota, in Perkins County, South Dakota
# Patrick Bricard

Patrick Bricard (26 April 1940 – 26 January 2019) was a French actor and director.

## Biography

Bricard appeared in numerous movies and television shows. In 1964, he played a small role in the film The Umbrellas of Cherbourg. In 1968, Bricard played the role of Marcel in the TV movie L'Homme du Picardie. Before he reached his break-out, Bricard had another small role in the film Le Distrait. He achieved fame in the television series L'Île aux enfants (1974-1982). Other notable television appearances include Le Village dans les nuages (1982-1986) and La Dernière Séance.
After 1986, Bricard mainly devoted himself to theatre, directing plays such as Poil de carotte, The Little Prince, Letters from My Windmill, Scapin the Schemer, The Miser, and Le Médecin malgré lui.
Bricard died on 26 January 2019.
# Pižure

Pižure (Serbian Cyrillic: Пижуре) is a small hamlet in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 40 people.
According to the 2011 census, its population was 18.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 6 | 33.3% |
| other/undeclared | 12 | 66.7% |
| Total | 18 | 100% |
# Qing Chang

Qing (Cindy) Chang is a Chinese–American production engineer whose research combines control theory and machine learning in smart manufacturing. She is a professor of engineering at the University of Virginia, jointly appointed in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and in the Department of Systems and Information Engineering. She co-chairs the Technical Committee for Sustainable Production Automation of the IEEE Robotics & Automation Society.

## Education and career

Chang has a 1991 bachelor's degree from Beijing University of Technology. She came to the US for graduate study in engineering, and earned a master's degree in 1996 at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She completed her doctorate (D.Eng.) in manufacturing in 2006 at the University of Michigan.
After working in industry for ten years as a research engineer for General Motors, Chang returned to academia as an associate professor of mechanical engineering at Stony Brook University. She moved to her present position at the University of Virginia in 2019.

## Recognition

At General Motors, Chang was part of teams that won the GM Boss Kettering Award three times and the GM R&D Charles L. McCuen Special Achievement Award three times.
Chang was elected as an ASME Fellow in the 2019 class of fellows. In 2020 the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) named her as one of "20 most influential professors in smart manufacturing". She is also a Fellow of SME.
# Graphitic acid

Graphitic acid may refer to:
* Graphite oxide
* Mellitic acid
# Dasle

Dasle (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Lower Barracks

Lower Barracks was a military installation in Winchester. It was the depot of the Royal Hampshire Regiment from its formation in 1881 until it moved out in 1959. The Royal Hampshire Regiment Museum reopened at Serle's House in 2004. It is one of several independent museums that comprise Winchester's Military Museums.

## History

The buildings at the Lower Barracks at Winchester date back to 1730 when Serle's House, which had been designed by Thomas Archer, was built for William Sheldon. The house was acquired by James Serle, a lawyer, in 1781 and then sold to the War Office in 1796. Most of the other buildings in the Lower Barracks, including a barrack block and a small parade ground, were built during the Crimean War. In 1873 a system of recruiting areas based on counties was instituted under the Cardwell Reforms and the barracks became the depot for the 37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot and the 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot. Following the Childers Reforms, the 37th and 67th regiments amalgamated to form the Royal Hampshire Regiment with its depot in the barracks in 1881.
The Lower Barracks were demoted to the status of out-station to the Wessex Brigade depot at Topsham Barracks in Exeter in 1959. Serle's House was retained by the Ministry of Defence but many of the other buildings were converted for private residential use in the late 1990s.

## Royal Hampshire Regiment Museum

The Royal Hampshire Regiment Museum reopened at Serle's House in 2004. The museum contains a display of drums, uniforms and personal artifacts.
# IPD

IPD may refer to:

## Medicine

* Idiopathic Parkinson's disease
* Impulsive personality disorder
* In-patient department
* Inter-pupillary distance, the distance between the center of the pupils of the two eyes
* Invasive pneumococcal disease

## Organizations

* International Product Development, also known as IPD USA or IPD Volvo, is a USA-based manufacturer and seller of automotive parts for Volvo cars, such as the Volvo C30
* Initiative for Policy Dialogue, an organization based at Columbia University
* Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, a professional association for human resource management professionals

## Police departments

* Indianapolis Police Department, former police department of Indianapolis and preceding agency of the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department
* Independence Police Department (Missouri), police department of Independence, Missouri
* Inglewood Police Department, Inglewood, California
* Irvington Police Department, police department of Irvington, New Jersey

## Other uses

* Initial professional development
* Independence Day (1996 film), a 1996 American science fiction disaster film
* Integrated passive devices
* Iterated prisoner's dilemma, in game theory
* Integrated powerhead demonstrator, a rocket engine
* Integrated project delivery, a construction project delivery method
* Individual participant data, a method for conducting a meta-analysis
# Martin Township, McLean County, Illinois

Martin Township is located in McLean County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,289 and it contained 538 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.24 square miles (93.9 km$^2$), of which 36.23 square miles (93.8 km$^2$) (or 99.97%) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km$^2$) (or 0.03%) is water.
# Nationale Tentoonstelling van Vrouwenarbeid 1898

Nationale Tentoonstelling van Vrouwenarbeid 1898 (literary: 'National Exhibition of Women's Work') was a national exhibition which took place in The Hague in The Netherlands 9 July – 21 September 1898.
The exhibition was organized on the initiative of the women's organisation Tesselschade. It featured artwork and handicrafts by female artists, products by businesswomen, as well as speeches, lectures, performances, and other activities. The purpose was to draw attention to women's work and the terms under which they worked and to encourage women to be active professionally. The exhibition is considered to be a major event within the Dutch women's movement within the first-wave feminism in the Netherlands.
# Pinball Hall of Fame: The Williams Collection

Pinball Hall of Fame: The Williams Collection is a pinball video game developed by FarSight Studios and published by Crave Entertainment for Wii, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Xbox 360, and Nintendo 3DS. Players play on a variety of classic virtual pinball machines from Williams Electronics' history. The Williams Collection follows the previous title, Pinball Hall of Fame: The Gottlieb Collection.
The game was released by System 3 in PAL territories on June 17, 2011 as Williams Pinball Classics. This title should not be confused with Williams Pinball Classics (2001) by Encore, Inc. that features four machines (Creature from the Black Lagoon, Tales of the Arabian Nights, Black Rose and Lost World) for Windows.

## Gameplay

All machines are available at the start of play, but some require players to use credits. The player begins the game with 20 credits and earn more by obtaining specials and accomplishing various goals on each machine. For 100 credits, players can buy any of the locked machines for free-play mode. Completing the five goals for any machines also allows players to unlock a locked machine.
Other unlockable options include the ability to use custom-textured pinballs, play a left-to-right inverted (Mirror Mode) version of the game, and disable tilt detection. Flipper control remains intuitive in Mirror Mode, with the left trigger controlling the left on-screen flipper. Side-specific features of some games, such as Lane Change, move to the opposite side of the machine.
In the Wii version of the game, the player uses the trigger buttons of the Wii Remote and Nunchuk to activate the flippers. The machine can be bumped or shifted with the motion sensors in either the Remote or Nunchuck. The resulting motion is proportional in magnitude and identical in direction to the controller's motion. This allows skilled players to use just enough motion to perform advanced ball saves without triggering the tilt mechanism, just as can be done on a physical machine.

## Machines

| Table | Year | Platform(s) | Platform(s) | Platform(s) | Platform(s) |
| Table | Year | Wii and PSP | PS3 and 360 | PS2 | 3DS |
| Black Knight | 1980 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FunHouse | 1990 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Gorgar | 1979 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| PIN•BOT | 1986 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Space Shuttle | 1984 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Taxi | 1988 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Whirlwind | 1990 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firepower | 1980 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Jive Time | 1970 | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Sorcerer | 1985 | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Tales of the Arabian Nights | 1996 | No | Yes | No | No |
| Medieval Madness | 1997 | No | Yes | No | No |
| No Good Gofers | 1997 | No | Yes | No | No |