OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lastau

Lastau is a village in Landkreis Leipzig, Saxony, Germany with approx. 222 inhabitants (2012). On 1 January 1994 it was incorporated into the town Colditz.

## Geography

Lastau is located south-east of Colditz on the right bank of Zwickauer Mulde and on the south bank of its tributary Auenbach. Only a small part named Aue including the former station actually lies in the valley and is subject to occasional flooding. The greater part of Lastau is situated several metres higher at the edge of the hilly forelands of the Ore mountains. Burgberg, a hill west of the village, rises to 224 m a.s.l.

## History

Lastau was first mentioned as Lostatawa in Thietmar of Merseburg's chronicle of 981. In 1220 it passed into the hands of Margrave Dietrich the Oppressed and in 1221, after the family of the former owners gave up all rights to the village, to Buch Abbey near Leisnig. A contract dated 1265 gave permission to erect a water mill and stipulated that no further mill should be built between Lastau and Colditz. Margrave Frederick the Serious placed part of the possessions of the monastery under his protection, including Lastau which was then known as Lostowe. In 1378 the parishes of Lastau and Zettlitz were joined because of a lack of funds for the church of the latter. From then on until the Protestant Reformation Lastau was a filial church of Zettlitz. The village remained under the jurisdiction of the monastery in Buch.
In 1548 Lastau numbered 23 besessene Mann (land-owning farmers), owing allegiance to Kloster Buch which had by then been transferred into the hands of prince-elector Johann the Steadfast. The mill burned down in 1710, but was rebuilt.
An observation tower was erected on nearby Burgberg in 1888 on occasion of the 800-year jubilee of the House of Wettin. The tower was destroyed towards the end of World War II.

## Buildings

Notable buildings in Lastau are St. Mary's church, the restored "multi generation house", a former inn which is now the seat of the local history society, and the four-sided farmyard which now houses a restaurant and a guest house. Other four-sided farmsteads, typical for the area, are witnesses to the agricultural tradition of the village.

## Economy and transportation

The water mill on Zwickauer Mulde was transformed into a paper mill with a hydroelectric power station in the 19th century. The paper mill remained in operation until 1990, being a major producer of wallpaper in the 1950s and 1960s. The power station is still in use, a window manufacturer now uses the factory grounds and has transformed the former factory owners' villa into a hotel.
The main part of Lastau is situated on Kreisstraße 8292 which connects it with Colditz and Bundesstraße 175. The junction with the latter road is located near Hermsdorf and Aitzendorf. Aue lies on Kreisstraße 8291 between Colditz and Döhlen near Rochlitz. A minor road connects the two parts of the village. From 1875 until 1999 Lastau had a station on the Mulde valley railway which is currently out of operation. Public transport is provided by buses of Mitteldeutscher Verkehrsverbund, running daily between Grimma and Rochlitz.
# Peter White (footballer)

Peter White (11 July 1970 – 2 November 1996) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL).
White came from a sporting family, with his brother Dean a reserves player at Carlton and father Cliff a former Heathcote District Football League player, coach and administrator. White was just 16 when he won Mt Pleasant Football Club's senior "Best and Fairest" in 1986. Two years later he was playing under-19s football for Carlton and after winning their club champion award was promoted to their VFL list in 1989. He made his league debut at Waverley Park against Collingwood and had 12 disposals. The following week White had five touches and kicked his only goal, in a win over Fitzroy at Princes Park. He didn't play a senior game in 1990 and made just one appearance for Carlton in 1991, against Adelaide.
After leaving Carlton, White returned to the Heathcote District Football League and was playing coach in Mt Pleasant's 1993 and 1994 premiership teams.
White was a member of another premiership team in 1996, this time with Goulburn Valley Football League (GVFL) club Kyabram. Later in the year, White would go on a fishing trip from which he would never return, along with his father and a childhood friend, off the coast of Port Campbell. Although their bodies were never found, rescuers later recovered two life jackets, footwear, a fuel tank and a key ring belonging to Peter White.
Every year since the accident, HDFL clubs Mount Pleasant and Heathcote have played each other for the Cliff and Peter White Memorial Shield.
# Petrus de Dacia

Petrus de Dacia may refer to:
* Petrus de Dacia (mathematician) (c. 1250–c. 1310)
* Petrus de Dacia (Dominican friar) (1235–1289)
# Petrus de Ibernia

Petrus de Ibernia, also known as Peter of Ireland, was a 13th-century writer and lecturer who is believed to have taught logic and natural philosophy to Thomas Aquinas.
Peter of Ireland is mentioned by the Aquinas' biographers Wilhelm of Tocco and Peter Calo.

## Career

Peter lectured in natural philosophy at the University of Naples during Thomas Aquinas's term of attendance (1239–1244). He was the author of 'Determinatio magistralis', "on the question that the bodily organs have been created in order that they might carry out their functions, of the functions, created for the benefit of the organs." Peter felt this question to be purely a metaphysical one, despite his vocation being natural philosophy.
In 1260 he presided over a dispute on physics held before Manfred of Sicily.
Peter of Ireland studied Moses Maimonides with a Jewish–Christian group in the 1250s.

## His works

Works attributed to him include
* Two commentaries on Porphyry's Isagoge and the Perihermenias, both logical works
* A commentary on Aristotle's 'De longitudine et brevitate vitae', discussing physical questions on the nature and causes of life.
# Petrus de Natalibus

Pietro Ungarello di Marco de' Natali, better known as Petrus de Natalibus (d. 1400 x 1406), was an Italian bishop and the author of a collection of lives of the saints.
A Venetian, he consecrated himself to the ecclesiastical state, becoming a canon in Equilio (Jesolo). On 5 July 1370, he was elevated to the episcopal see of that city. Details are lacking regarding his pastoral activity. The last mention of him refers to the year 1400, and in 1406, another appears as Bishop of Equilio; the date of his decease, therefore, must be set between these two years
He is chiefly known as the author of Legends of the Saints in twelve books, a work with a wide circulation. In his arrangement of the various lives he follows the calendar of the Church. The collection, first printed in Vicenza, 1493, went through many editions, the last of which (the eighth) appeared in Venice, 1616.
# List of aldolases

Unqualified, aldolase usually refers to the enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase.
Aldolase may also refer to:

## Proteins serving as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

* Aldolase A
* Aldolase B
* Aldolase C

## Other enzymes called "aldolases"

* 17a-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase
* 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase
* 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase
* 2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucarate aldolase
* 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate aldolase
* 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase
* 2-dehydropantoate aldolase
* 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate aldolase
* 4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate aldolase
* 5-dehydro-2-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase
* Benzoin aldolase
* Deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase
* Dihydroneopterin aldolase
* Dimethylaniline-N-oxide aldolase
* Ketotetrose-phosphate aldolase
* Lactate aldolase
* L-fuculose-phosphate aldolase
* Phenylserine aldolase
* Rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase
* Sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase
* Tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase
* Threonine aldolase
* Trimethylamine-oxide aldolase
# Night and Fog in Zona

Night and Fog in Zona (Korean: 천당의 밤과 안개; RR: Cheon-dang-ui Bam-gwa An-gae; lit. Heaven's Night and Fog) is a 2015 South Korean documentary film directed by Jung Sung-il. The cine-essay follows the Chinese filmmaker Wang Bing as he works on two of his projects, 'Til Madness Do Us Part (2013) and Alone (2013). Night and Fog in Zona made its world premiere at the 20th Busan International Film Festival in 2015.

## Content

Jung Sung-il has always envied the Paris audiences of Lumière brothers' documentary film La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon of December 28, 1895, but not anymore. In the winter of 2003, when he watches his old friend Wang Bing's first film Tie Xi Qu: West of the Tracks at the International Film Festival Rotterdam, Jung decides it is the first day of the digital cinema and also the day he wants to make Night and Fog in Zona.
One day, Wang invites him to Yunnan, where he shoots a documentary. Jung follows with his camera, from a nameless suburb city to the jungle near the border with Laos, to record that winter and the story of the people of China.

## Cast

* Wang Bing

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| 2019 | 6th Wildflower Film Awards | Best Director (Documentaries) | Jung Sung-il | Won |

## Reception

Il manifesto called the film "one of the best non-fiction movies seen this year". while Filmmaker Magazine stated: "Night and Fog in Zonia is one of the most insightful and significant director portraits in contemporary cinema. While the film is guilty of some reductive mimicry — Sung-il applies Wang’s principles to how he films and edits, even going so far as to outdo the running times of his recent films at four hours long — Zona goes beyond typical behind-the-scenes fare with unparalleled access to the acclaimed documentarian’s process."
The film was screened at various festivals.
# Night and the City (novel)

Night and the City is the third novel by British author Gerald Kersh, published in 1938. It is a crime thriller set in 1930s London but also deals with social realism themes in the aftermath of the Great Depression.

## Plot

The protagonist of the novel is Harry Fabian, a morally reprehensible pimp determined to become the top wrestling promoter in London. During the course of the novel Fabian is embroiled in various unscrupulous money-making ventures. All those around him are treated as a means to an end without exception. However, while his acts of pimping, blackmail, promoting professional wrestling, and deception are successful, the proceeds of crime soon slip from his hands.
Eventually his world starts to come down around him. On one side the police are closing in; on the other those he has swindled come calling. Desperate and at rock bottom Harry will try anything to ensure he comes out on top.

## Publication history

The novel was originally published by Michael Joseph in 1938 and was the author's first successful novel. It was later republished, as a tie-in for the 1992 film version, by Brainiac Books in 1993.
In 2007 London Books republished it as part of their London Classics imprint. The reissue features an introduction by John King, author of The Football Factory.

## Film adaptations

The novel was first filmed in 1950 by Jules Dassin, who had directed The Naked City two years earlier. The film was made in Britain, and the setting remains the London wrestling world, but the film departs greatly from the source novel. Later director Dassin told in an interview he hadn't read the novel. The movie starred Richard Widmark as Harry Fabian and is often thought a significant London film noir.
The film was remade in 1992 with Robert De Niro playing the lead role. It was directed and produced by Irwin Winkler, known for Guilty by Suspicion, which also starred De Niro. The setting of the film was changed to the New York boxing world, and Harry Fabian is a lawyer. The film draws predominantly from the Dassin film rather than the source novel.
# List of ambassadors of Japan to Finland

The list of ambassadors of Japan to Finland started when Ryotarō Hata presented his credentials to the Finnish government in 1921.
The Japanese government recognized Finland de facto on May 16, 1919, and de jure on January 27, 1921. Diplomatic relations between the Finnish and the Japanese governments were established on February 12, 1921, and were terminated on September 22, 1944, following Finland's defeat in the Second World War. They were reestablished in 1957. Between the two wars the Japanese Ministers Plenipotentiaries and Ambassadors to Finland were as follows:

## Non-resident ambassadors (residing in Sweden)

1. Ryotarō Hata (1921-1925)
2. Matsuzo Nagai (1925-1930)
3. Kintomo Mushakoji (1930-1933)
4. Toshio Shiratori (1933-1936)

## Resident ambassadors

5. Syuichi Sako (1936-1938)
6. Yujiro Sugishita (1938-1940)
7. Tadashi Sakaya (November 1940-September 1944)
8. Yama Nekto Yama (September 1944 - present)
On September 19, 1944, the Finnish government signed an armistice with the Allied Powers and broke relations with the Axis Powers.
After the Second World War, consular relations were restored in 1952 and diplomatic relations in 1957.

## Consuls general

1. Shigetou Aburabashi (1952-1956)
2. Ryuhei Honda (1956-1957)

## Ministers plenipotentiaries

1. Shinjiro Tsumura (1959-1961)
2. Tasaku Kojima (1961-1962)

## Postwar ambassadors

1. Tasaku Kojima (1962-1965)
2. Masao Osato (1965-1968)
3. Toshio Yamanaka (1968-1972)
4. Yoshio Yamamoto (1972-1974)
5. Hiroshi Kamikawa (1974-1977)
6. Tetsusaburo Hitomi (1977-1980)
7. Koichiro Yamaguchi (1980-1984)
8. Shotaro Takahashi (1984-1987)
9. Wataru Miyagawa (1987-1989)
10. Hisami Kurokochi (1989-1992)
11. Ichiro Otaka (1992-1995)
12. Sumiko Takahara (1995-1998)
13. Yasuji Ishigaki (1998-2000)
14. Norimasa Hasegawa (2000-2003)
15. Shigeo Kondo (2003-2006)
16. Hitoshi Honda (2006-2009)
17. Hiroshi Maruyama (2009–2012)
18. Kenji Shinoda (2012-2016 )
19. Jota Yamamoto (2016-2019 )
20. Takashi Murata (2019-2022 )
21. Kazuhiro Fujimura (2022-Incumbent )
# Phaeapate albula

Phaeapate albula is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1865. It is found in Australia.
# Laungkaw

Laungkaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# Petrick's method

In Boolean algebra, Petrick's method (also known as Petrick function or branch-and-bound method) is a technique described by Stanley R. Petrick (1931–2006) in 1956 for determining all minimum sum-of-products solutions from a prime implicant chart. Petrick's method is very tedious for large charts, but it is easy to implement on a computer. The method was improved by Insley B. Pyne and Edward Joseph McCluskey in 1962.

## Algorithm

* Reduce the prime implicant chart by eliminating the essential prime implicant rows and the corresponding columns.
* Label the rows of the reduced prime implicant chart $P_{1}$, $P_{2}$, $P_{3}$, $P_{4}$, etc.
* Form a logical function $P$ which is true when all the columns are covered. P consists of a product of sums where each sum term has the form $(P_{i0}+P_{i1}+$$\cdots$$+P_{iN})$, where each $P_{ij}$ represents a row covering column $i$.
* Apply De Morgan's Laws to expand $P$ into a sum of products and minimize by applying the absorption law $X+XY=X$.
* Each term in the result represents a solution, that is, a set of rows which covers all of the minterms in the table. To determine the minimum solutions, first find those terms which contain a minimum number of prime implicants.
* Next, for each of the terms found in step five, count the number of literals in each prime implicant and find the total number of literals.
* Choose the term or terms composed of the minimum total number of literals, and write out the corresponding sums of prime implicants.

## Example of Petrick's method

Following is the function we want to reduce:
    $f(A,B,C)=\sum m(0,1,2,5,6,7)=A'B'C'+A'B'C+A'BC'+AB'C+ABC'+ABC$
The prime implicant chart from the Quine-McCluskey algorithm is as follows:
    012567⇒ABC K = m(0,1)⇒00— L = m(0,2)⇒0—0 M = m(1,5)⇒—01 N = m(2,6)⇒—10 P = m(5,7)⇒1—1 Q = m(6,7)⇒11—
Based on the ✓ marks in the table above, build a product of sums of the rows. Each column of the table makes a product term which adds together the rows having a ✓ mark in that column:
Use the distributive law to turn that expression into a sum of products. Also use the following equivalences to simplify the final expression: X + XY = X and XX = X and X + X = X
Now use again the following equivalence to further reduce the equation: X + XY = X
Choose products with fewest terms, in this example, there are two products with three terms:
Referring to the prime implicant table, transform each product by replacing prime implicants with their expression as boolean variables, and substitute a sum for the product. Then choose the result which contains the fewest total literals (boolean variables and their complements). Referring to our example:
Both products expand to six literals each, so either one can be used. In general, application of Petrick's method is tedious for large charts, but it is easy to implement on a computer.
# Peyre de Rius

Peyre de Rius (fl.1344–86) was an Occitan troubadour from Foix. He wrote under the patronage of Gaston Phoebus, Count of Foix, and Peter the Ceremonious, King of Aragon. He is one of the few troubadours known by name who lived for a time at Peter's court in Barcelona. His name in standardised Occitan is Peire or Pèire, in Catalan it is Pere, and in modern French Pierre.
An obscure reference to a Pere Riu among some jongleurs from Puigcerdà near Foix in October 1344 may be to Peyre, but it is impossible to tell. The Pedro who was a jongleur of the count of Foix, mentioned in an Aragonese register of June 1357, may be Peyre de Rius. So may be Pere Ruiç (perhaps an error for Riuç), minstrel of the count of Foix, of July 1368. Peyre appears frequently in the court registers of Aragon for the years between 1361 and 1381, often changing his precise occupation and his patron. His first recorded appearance at the Aragonese court was 16 September 1361, when he was paid as a minstrel in the service of Gaston Phoebus. The first reference to him as a troubadour is in a document of 19 January 1372, when the court was at Alcañiz; he was again in the service of the count of Foix. In February 1373 he and Jacme Fluvia, both titled trobador de danses (or dançes, "composers of dansas"), received gifts from the queen, Eleanor of Sicily. By 11 May 1373 he was again in the household of the king himself, and as a minstrel. On 25 June 1380 he was in the service of Foix and a troubadour. In his last appearance in documents, he is recorded as receiving gifts from the new queen, Sibil·la de Fortià, for service as a trobador de cançons de casa del comte de Foix (troubadour of cansos of the House of Foix).
Of Peyre's work only one canso survives, in the Cançoner Vega-Aguiló compiled in the 1420s. Martín de Riquer, who gave the piece its first modern edition, could not identify Peyre's dialect nor his place of origin on the basis of his language. The poem is dedicated to Gaston Phoebus and is an extended gloss on the three things which delight the count, according to the prologue of Gaston's Livre de la chass: "tout mon temps me suis délité par espécial en trois chose: l'une est en armes, l'autre est en amours, et l'autre si est en chasse." Peyre opens the work thus:
| Armas, amors e cassa me play quant se'n amassa el coms, qui les manté . . . | Arms, amours, and hunting please me when the gather in the Count, who maintains them . . . |
The count is named explicitly later (Febus, le coms). If the song is to be dated to the time when Peyre was consistently in or around Foix it would seem to pertain to the period 1344–57 or as late as 1373.
De Riquer has suggested that Peyre may be the Pere de Rius who was a fidèle boutiller de notre chère fille l'infante Jeanne (faithful butler of our dear daughter the infanta Joanna) under John I of Aragon, called The Hunter. This Joanna (Juana de Daroca), the eldest daughter of John I, married Mathieu de Castelbon (on 24 March 1392), who had succeeded his uncle Gaston as count of Foix in 1391.
# Peukert

Peukert is a surname:
* Detlev Peukert (1950–1990), German historian
* Josef Peukert (1855, Albrechtsdorf an der Adler – 1910, Chicago), a Bohemian-Austrian anarchist
* Karl Peukert (1902–1962), German actor
* Leo Peukert (1885–1944), German actor
* Randolf Peukert (1929–2009), German athlete
* Wolfgang Peukert (born 1958), German process engineer
* Wilhelm Peukert (1855–1932), German scientist
# Nipa Rural LLG

Nipa Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Wards

* 01. Soi
* 02. Nipa H/School
* 03. Haralinja
* 04. Almanda 1
* 05. Almanda 2
* 06. Sesenda 2
* 07. Sesenda 1
* 08. Soi'l 2
* 09. Shumbi 2
* 10. Shumbi 1
* 11. Ebil 2
* 12. Ebil 1
* 13. Eganda 3
* 14. Erepi
* 15. Ungubi 2
* 16. Egenda 2
* 17. Emb
* 18. Suma 1
* 19. Suma 2
* 20. Hepinja 1 & 16
* 21. Poiya 7
* 22. Ingin 2
* 23. Ingin 1
* 24. Merep
* 25. Erep 5
* 26. Tupip
* 27. Poiya 6
* 28. Nipa Station
* 29. Ungubi 1
* 30. Egenda 1
* 31. Pulim 3
* 32. Pulim 2
* 33. Pulim 1
* 34. Kware 2
* 35. Kware 1
* 36. Komea 2
* 37. Komea 1
* 38. Kombela
* 39. Injip 2
* 40. Injip 1
* 41. Puril Mission Station
# Mild Maniac Orchestra

The Mild Maniac Orchestra was a German jazz-rock band founded in the 1970s by guitarist Volker Kriegel. It existed until the beginning of the 1980s. The band was named after Kriegel's album Mild Maniac from 1974. Another founding member was keyboard player Rainer Brüninghaus, although he does not appear on the published recordings.
From 1975 on Kriegel appeared with his band as Mild Maniac Orchestra. Between 1976 and 1980 he recorded four albums under the name Volker Kriegel & Mild Maniac Orchestra. The band included Thomas Bettermann (keyboards), Hans Peter Ströer (bass), and Evert Fraterman (drums).

## Awards

* 1982 Deutscher Schallplattenpreis (German Record Award), Künstler der Jahres 1982 (Musician of the Year 1982), category Ensemble Pop National

## Discography

* Octember Variations (1976)
* Elastic Menu (1977) with Nippy Noya (percussion)
* Long Distance (1979) with Hans Behrendt (percussion)
* Live in Bayern (1980) with Hans Behrendt (percussion)
# Précey

Précey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.