OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# IJsselmonde (island)

IJsselmonde (Dutch pronunciation:) is a river island in the Netherlands, between the Nieuwe Maas, Noord and Oude Maas branches rivers of the Rhine-Meuse delta in the province of South Holland. The city of Rotterdam now occupies most of the northern part of the island and includes the eponymous former village of IJsselmonde, once a separate community. The island was once a rich agricultural region but is mostly suburbs today. Only the mid-south parts of the island have retained their agricultural character.

## Boundaries

IJsselmonde is separated by these waterways:
* from the mainland on the north by the Nieuwe Maas
* from the island of Putten on the west by the Oude Maas
* from Hoeksche Waard on the south by the Oude Maas
* from the island of Dordrecht on the southeast by the Oude Maas
* from the Alblasserwaard mainland on the east by river Noord

## Municipalities and regions

IJsselmonde consists of the following six municipalities:
* Albrandswaard
* Barendrecht
* Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht
* Ridderkerk
* Rotterdam (southern part)
* Zwijndrecht
Albrandswaard, Barendrecht, Ridderkerk and Rotterdam belong to the region of Rijnmond, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht and Zwijndrecht belong to the region of Zuid-Holland Zuid.

## Zwijndrechtse Waard

Originally the Zwijndrechtse Waard, on which the municipalities of Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht and Zwijndrecht and the village of Rijsoord (partially) lie, was a separate river island, the western branch of river Waal separating the two. However, as the Waal stretch has been closed off at both ends, the Waard is now generally considered to be part of IJsselmonde. The dammed western end of the Waal river is now commonly referred to as Waaltje ("little Waal").
# Polyring forming processes

Polycyclic natural products such as marine toxin gambierol and brevetoxin B (Fig. 1) are intriguing targets in organic synthesis. Polyring forming processes are applied to the total synthesis of these polycyclic molecules. Short sequences of reactions are used in an iterative fashion to build the successive ring structures.

## Brevetoxin B synthesis

Brevetoxin B was first synthesized by K. C. Nicolaou and co-workers in 1995. Along the campaign towards completion of the total synthesis of brevetoxin B, polyring forming processes that consists of iterative epoxide ring-opening reactions was used to construct the ether linkages in one fragment of brevetoxin B (Fig. 2).

## Polypyran synthesis

Mori and co-workers have developed a short iterative strategy for the synthesis of polypyran domains in natural products (Fig. 3). This strategy is also based on epoxide ring-opening reactions and consists totally 6 steps in each iterative cycle. The epoxide is installed using oxiranyl anions generated from reacting epoxide B with strong base such as n-butyllithium. Treating the product C with acid afforded the desired ring product which can be further converted to the next precursor D in four steps.
# MEF

MEF may stand for:

## Government

* Mission Essential Functions - critical operations of the US government in the face of unexpected disruption

## Military

* Malaita Eagle Force, a militant organization originating in the island of Malaita in the Solomon Islands
* Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF), one of the major deployable subdivisions of the United States Marine Corps; see 1st Marine Expeditionary Force, 2nd Marine Expeditionary Force, 3rd Marine Expeditionary Force
* Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
* Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force during the First World War

## Organizations

* Mahratta Education Fund, Indian non-profit organisation
* Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate Change
* Media Education Foundation
* MEF International School Istanbul
* Middle East Forum, an American conservative think tank
* Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, the Peruvian ministry of economics and finance
* Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, the Uruguayan ministry of economics and finance
* Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze, the Italian ministry of economics and finance
* Ministry of Environment and Forests, India

## Science/technology

* Managed Extensibility Framework, a software plugin framework, written by Microsoft
* Maximum Elevation Figure (flying)
* Maximal expiratory flow, another name for peak expiratory flow in spirometry
* Medial eye fields
* Metro Ethernet Forum
* Modernized e-File (MeF), an electronic system for filing U.S. income taxes
* Modified Energy Factor (Energy Star Rating Value, US Department of Energy (DOE))
* Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast
* Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio collection code
* Myocyte Enhancer Factor (2)
* Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) Isolation Enzyme 1
* Multiscale Electrophysiology Format, a data format used in electrophysiology

## Transport

* Mei Foo station, Hong Kong, MTR station code
# MEF2C

Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C also known as MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, polypeptide C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2C gene. MEF2C is a transcription factor in the Mef2 family.

## Genomics

The gene is located at 5q14.3 on the minus (Crick) strand and is 200,723 bases in length. The encoded protein has 473 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 51.221 kilodaltons. Three isoforms have been identified. Several post translational modifications have been identified including phosphorylation on serine-59 and serine-396, sumoylation on lysine-391, acetylation on lysine-4 and proteolytic cleavage.

## Interactions

MEF2C has been shown to interact with:
* EP300,
* HDAC4, HDAC7, HDAC9,
* MAPK7,
* SOX18
* SP1, and
* TEAD1.
* SETD1A

## Biological significance

This gene is involved in cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis and vascular development. It may also be involved in neurogenesis and in the development of cortical architecture. Mice without a functional copy of the Mef2c gene die before birth and have abnormalities in the heart and vascular system. It is one of the targets of an oncomiR, MIRN21.
In humans mutations of this gene result in autosomal dominant mental retardation 20 (MRD20), characterised by severe psychomotor impairment, periodic tremor and an abnormal motor pattern with mirror movement of the upper limbs observed during infancy, hypotonia, abnormal EEG, epilepsy, absence of speech, autistic behavior, bruxism, and mild dysmorphic features, mild thinning of the corpus callosum and delay of white matter myelination in the occipital lobes
MEF2C-binding site is associated with minor allele of SNP rs630923, associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, and responsible for reduced CXCR5 gene promoter activity in B-cells during activation, that could lead to decreased autoimmune response
# MILPAH

MILPAH (Movimiento Independiente Indígena Lenca de La Paz Honduras) is an indigenous rights group, based in the La Paz region of Honduras.
The group was formed in 2010 when Honduran indigenous communities organised in response to the effect of mining companies and hydroelectric projects on territories of the Lenca people. The presence of the companies was by the group claimed to have a negative impact on natural resources such as mountains, forests and rivers.
The group has claimed that they were not sufficiently consulted in accordance with ILO Convention 169, with reference to Article 15 which states that indigenous peoples have the right to participate in the use, management and conservation of resources, and that indigenous peoples should be consulted in cases where such resources are the subject of exploration and exploitation.
MILPAH has been the subject of human rights campaigns from Amnesty International. The organisation has raised criticism towards the corporate interests on Lenca land, and regarding threats and assaults that MILPAH-members have been exposed to.
# MILNET

In computer networking, MILNET (fully Military Network) was the name given to the part of the ARPANET internetwork designated for unclassified United States Department of Defense traffic.
MILNET was physically separated from the ARPANET in 1983. The ARPANET remained in service for the academic research community, but direct connectivity between the networks was severed for security reasons. Gateways relayed electronic mail between the two networks. BBN Technologies built and managed both the MILNET and the ARPANET and the two networks used very similar technology. It is also known as "Military Net."
During the 1980s the MILNET expanded as part of the Defense Data Network, a worldwide set of military networks running at different security levels. In the 1990s, MILNET became the NIPRNET.
# Polytremis eltola

Polytremis eltola, the yellow spot swift, is a species of skipper butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm.

## Description

   Upperside dark brown. Anterior wing with eight transparent white spots, and a spot of yellow near the inner margin: the three largest spots across the middle, two outside of these, and three near the apex. Posterior wing with three transparent spots. Underside as above, except that it is rufous-brown.
Found in Darjeeling, Kumaon (Doherty); Cachar (Wood-Mason and de Niceville); Kangra, N.-W. Himalayas (Moore) Sikkim (de Niceville; Elwes) and (P. e. corbeti Evans, 1937) the Malay Peninsula.
# Hòa Hưng

Hòa Hưng is the name of several settlements in Vietnam
* Hòa Hưng, Tiền Giang, a commune and village in Cái Bè District, Tiền Giang Province
* Hòa Hưng, Kiên Giang, a commune and village in Giồng Riềng District, Kiên Giang Province
* Hòa Hưng, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, a commune and village in Xuyên Mộc District, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province
# Ponte D. Maria

Ponte D. Maria (D. Maria Bridge) is an 18th-century bridge which crosses the River Mira in the civil parish of Santa Clara-a-Velha in the municipality of Odemira in the Portuguese district of Beja. It is an 18th-century structure that was constructed on the Roman model, allowing it to remain a functional span until the 19th century, when iron structures were introduced in the region.

## History

A 1748 travellers guide mentioned the locality of Santa Clara as a point of passage between Lisbon and Albufeira, later confirmed by 18th century maps. It is likely a construction that occurred in 1758, at a time when the clergy of Sabóia and S. Clara-a-Velha affirmed that no bridge existed on the Mira River.
By the end of the 19th century, maps of the period did not show any roads passing through Santa Clara, even though the village had three stations for changing horses or stopping the night. In 1822, the construction or expansion of the bridge occurred, under the direction of Francisco Lopes do Rosário, and located in relation to an ancient Roman road that connected Beja to the Algarve. Remnants of the former crossing over the River Mira have been lost.
By 1849, the municipal council of Odemira referred to the need to reconstruct the "old bridge" in Santa Clara and the advantage of constructing the new structure at the edge of the village.
At the end of the 19th century, the master of public works wrote an inspection report referring to the old masonry bridge over the River Mira along the road between Alentejo and Algarve, a distance of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the village of Santa Clara. In his report, the inspector found the bridge in a terrible state of conservation, with many great fractures along the central vaults, causing depression in the pavement, where water coalesced and accumulated, draining along the cracks...where vehicles pass. The author lamented the state of such an important construction and recommended urgent repair.
By the middle of the 20th century, there was a partial landslide. On 25 February 1992, by dispatch of the IPPC, the bridge was classified as Property of Public Interest, and by 31 October 1996, similarly by the IPPAR. On 25 August 2000, it was included in the Odemira PDM (resolution 114/2000, DR 196).

## Architecture

The bridge is located in an isolated, rural position at the end of a valley, crossed by the River Mira, whose margins are densely populated by forest and water lilies. It is an area of great natural landscape, situated near the Pousada de Santa Clara, Santa Clara dam and the community cemetery.
The structure consists of stone and limestone masonry, plastered and whitewashed, with arched frames and breakwaters coated stone. The bridge, now ruined, still includes two arches with archivolts and masonry.
# MDOT

MDOT may refer to:
* Maine Department of Transportation
* Maryland Department of Transportation
* Michigan Department of Transportation
* Mississippi Department of Transportation
# ISO 37120

ISO 37120 Sustainable development of communities -- Indicators for city services and quality of life establishes and defines the methodologies for a set of indicators to measure and steer the performance of city services and quality of life.

## History

The standard was developed by ISO/TC 268, which started work in the year 2012. The first edition of ISO 37120 was published in May 2014. Currently, the Toronto-based World Council on City Data is working globally to certify cities under ISO 37120.

## Main requirements of the standard

The ISO 37120:2018 adopts the structure in the following breakdown:
* 1 Scope
* 2 Normative references
* 3 Terms and definitions
* 4 City indicators
* 5 Economy
* 6 Education
* 7 Energy
* 8 Environment and Climate change
* 9 Finance
* 10 Governance
* 11 Health
* 12 Housing
* 13 Population and Social conditions
* 14 Recreation
* 15 Safety
* 16 Solid waste
* 17 Sports and Culture
* 18 Telecommunication
* 19 Transport
* 20 Urban/local agriculture and Food security
* 21 Urban planning
* 22 Wastewater
* 23 Water
* 24 Reporting and record maintenance

## Edition

| Year | Description |
| 2014 | ISO 37120 (First Edition) |
| 2018 | ISO 37120 (Second Edition) |
# Pomacentrus nigromarginatus

Pomacentrus nigromarginatus, the blackmargined damsel, is a damselfish from the Western Pacific. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 8 cm in length.
# Hôtel d'Astorg et de Saint-Germain

The Hôtel d'Astorg et de Saint-Germain in Toulouse, France, is a Renaissance hôtel particulier (palace) of the 16th and 17th centuries.

## History

The Hotel d'Astorg and Saint Germain is located at 16, rue des Changes, in the historical center of Toulouse and was built between 1550 and 1570 for the Capitoul Guillaume de Saint-Germain, then reworked by the captain Jean d'Astorg.

## Description

Hôtel d'Astorg-Saint-Germain stands on one of the major arteries of Renaissance Toulouse, a road which was known in the Roman period as the Cardo maximus (north-south road) ans linked Saint-Sernin basilica, the Capitole and the parliament. Built in the late sixteenth century, the hôtel retains much of the old merchant house.
In 1568 the merchant Jean Astorg rebuilt part of the house. The building overlooking the street comprised, on the ground floor, a series of shops and a side door which opened onto a covered passage which, in turn, gave access to the main courtyard, the latter having a ceremonial purpose rather than a practical one. Unusually, this hôtel retains both its outside wooden staircases and the passageways which led to the buildings around the courtyard. While wood was a common building material in the Renaissance, few decorated examples (moulded balusters, facing scrolls) have survived to the present day.

## High windows

For a long time attributed solely to Guillaume de Saint-Germain, the house was in truth partially built by the burgher Jean Astorg. The latter belonged to the financial elite who were regularly sought out by the capitouls in period of crisis (war efforts). For the decoration of his new building at the back of the courtyard he decided to imitate the windows of his neighbour Pierre Delpech. Such imitation was prevalent throughout the century, and amounted to honorific appropriation. These windows possess impressive frames, known as chambranle à crossettes, supported by four short pilasters. The latter, adhering to the principles of manneristic aesthetic founded on surprise, do not play a structural role but instead appear to be suspended and dependant on the frame they should, by rights, be supporting.

## Pictures

* Hôtel d'Astorg
* Hôtel d'Astorg-Saint-Germain
* Façade overlooking the street
* Renaissance window on street
* Suspended staircase
* Wooden staircase and galleries
* Moulded balusters and facing scrolls
* Façade overlooking the courtyard with Renaissance windows
* Window in the courtyard
* Neighbor's window copied by Jean Astorg (Hôtel Pierre Delpech)
# Polish reggae

Reggae is one of the most popular music genres in Poland. The rastafari philosophy is considered to constitute the main influence on Polish reggae. The majority of songs are sung in Polish, yet a Silesian group R.A.P. provides an important exception to both of the above, since its members clearly stated to have nothing to do with the rasta movement and sung almost exclusively in English.
Some of the popular bands include: Izrael, R.A.P. (Reggae Against Politics), Daab, Habakuk, Pajujo, Love Sen-C Music, Indios Bravos, Natural Dread Killaz, and Vavamuffin.
The reggae group Izrael (1983-1995), from Warsaw, which released at least three albums on Tess Records, has been cited as an example of reggae's popularity in Poland.
The reggae group R.A.P. (Reggae Against Politics) (1985-1987), from Gliwice, did not manage to release any albums during their short existence but their music was not forgotten and in the late 1990s four bootleg albums were legally released by labels Zima Records and Kaya Production. In 2011 Zima Records released R.A.P.'s first official studio album, originally recorded in 1986.
The Warsaw Village Band has been noted to take traditional Polish folk songs and add a reggae touch.

## History

Bob Marley's music is credited as introducing reggae to Poland, and beginning a vibrant reggae movement there. According to reggae studies professor Carolyn Cooper, Marley's lyrics of "resistance against the system" have been a basis of inspiration for some human rights demonstrations in Poland. Another influence was British Rastafarian band Misty in Roots, who played live in the country in 1983 and 1986. In the 1980s Polish Rastafarians appeared. The first Polish reggae song was performed by the band Budka Suflera in 1974 - Sen o dolinie, music by Bill Withers - Ain't No Sunshine, Polish lyrics by Krzysztof Cugowski. The first homegrown Polish reggae groups started in the 1980s, and some even took on the reggae look, complete with dreadlocks. Some Polish reggae groups were included on the compilation album MUP: Reggae from Around the World, on RAS Records. In 1999, reggae music was a prominent part of Woodstock Junction, an annual music festival in Żary, Poland. Polish-language reggae has retained its popularity over the years, and an all-Polish-language radio station in New York state is more likely to play reggae music than polka music (which might not come as a surprise, since polka music does not originate from Poland).
# MM4

MM4 may refer to:
* Mega Man 4, a 1991 video game for the NES
* Mega Man IV (Game Boy), a 1994 video game for the Game Boy
* MM4 (force field), a class of force fields
* MM4 (MMS), a type of Multimedia Messaging Service interface
* MM4 register, a CPU register used by the MMX extension
* Might and Magic IV: Clouds of Xeen, a 1992 video role-playing game in the Might and Magic series
* Moment Musical 4, a part of a six-piece opus made to resemble different eras of music by Sergei Rachmaninoff
# Polygamy in Zimbabwe

Polygamy is the practice of having more than one spouse; while prohibited under Zimbabwean civil law, polygamous marriages may be performed under the country's customary law. Less than one-fifth of the country's population are engaged in polygamy.

## Legality

In Zimbabwean civil law, the Marriage Act of Zimbabwe only recognises monogamous marriages. However, the majority of marriages in Zimbabwe are customary; the relevant African Marriages Act of Zimbabwe recognises both polygamous and "potentially polygamous" unions. Most of these customary marriages are unregistered.

## Incidence

Polygamy in Zimbabwe was traditionally practised by the tribal chiefs as a means of elevating their social standing, though they would typically only take two or three wives. According to a 2008 William & Mary Law School study, an estimated 18 percent of Zimbabwean women belong to polygamous marriages. The study suggested that there may be a decrease in the incidence of polygamy in Zimbabwe due to an ever-weakening economy that would not enable men to financially support multiple partners.
Polygamy in Zimbabwe has been criticised by various mainstream Christian groups that 80 percent of the country identify with. A 2008 study by the University of Fort Hare stated that polygamy was more prevalent in rural Zimbabwe and especially among the Shona people; it also argued that "polygamy ... seems to propagate child sexual abuse in schools because it sees no boundary between adults and children."

### Notable marriages

In September 2012, Zimbabwe Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai customarily married Elizabeth Macheka, following a court ruling that he could not legally marry her in light of his already being engaged to two other women, Locardia Karimatsenga and Nosipho Regina Shilubane. However, a spokesperson for Tsvangirai said that the prime minister only wished to have one wife.
# I Still Love You (Jennifer Hudson song)

"I Still Love You" is a song by American singer Jennifer Hudson. It was written by Andrea Martin and DJ Switch and produced by English garage duo Gorgon City for Hudson's third studio album JHUD (2014). Musically, it is an uptempo 1970s and 1980s-inspired rollicking dance anthem. Lyrically, the track finds the female protagonist thinking deeply over her relationship with her love interest from whom she parted.

## Critical reception

Billboard's Elias Leight wrote that on "I Still Love You" Hudson 'employs a touch of Gloria Gaynor, and Gorgon City inject the hollow bass sounds that they've used on their signature tracks – "Real" and "Ready for Your Love."' He felt that "Hudson sings the title phrase with such vigor that her love sounds awful close to hatred." Similarly, Rolling Stone writer Christopher R. Weingarten commented that the song recalled "the spirals of CeCe Peniston".

## Music video

The music video for "I Still Love You" was directed by Tabitha Denholm and Molly Schiot. The clip follows a gay couple as they prepare for their wedding, and the estranged father of one of the grooms as he makes the last-minute decision to attend the ceremony at a W Hotel in Los Angeles. Hudson partnered with American television channels MTV and Logo, the W Hotels chain, and the Human Rights Campaign for the video in support of LGBT equality. Model Shaun Ross, actress Leisha Hailey, drag queen Manila Luzon, and model and LGBT activist Claudia Charriez make appearances in the video. Commenting on the video's release, Hudson remarked that "there couldn’t be a better time to release this video from my new album [...]I owe a large part of my success to the LGBT community, who has embraced and supported me from early on in my career, and music continues to prove a powerful platform to help promote LGBT equality. I hope my video inspires everyone to keep fighting for fifty.”
The music video for "I Still Love You" premiered on MTV and Logo on June 3, 2015, as a part of Logo's "#All50" marriage equality campaign, which aims to inform about the latest marriage equality news leading up to the US Supreme Court’s pending decision on legal marriage for gay and lesbian couples in all 50 states. To celebrate the music video launch, Bravo TV personality Andy Cohen hosted an exclusive screening and panel discussion focused on LGBT equality issues on June 4, 2015, at W New York in Union Square.