OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cantons of Bourges

The Cantons of Bourges City are 4 cantons situated in the Cher département and in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. Each canton covers a part of the commune of Bourges.

## Population

| Name | Population (2019) | Cantonal Code |
| Canton of Bourges-1 | 17,838 | 1803 |
| Canton of Bourges-2 | 15,206 | 1804 |
| Canton of Bourges-3 | 14,442 | 1805 |
| Canton of Bourges-4 | 17,055 | 1806 |
# Ralph A. Sawyer

Ralph Alanson Sawyer (January 5, 1895 – December 6, 1978) was an American physicist and a leader in American science.
A New Hampshire native, he graduated from the Atkinson Academy in 1911 and in 1915 from Dartmouth. He then went to the University of Chicago where, under the direction of R. A. Millikan, he finished his PhD in 1919, a time during which he also served as a scientific liaison officer in the United States Navy. At the invitation of Harrison M. Randall, Sawyer then joined the faculty of the physics department at the University of Michigan, an affiliation that he retained for his entire career.
At Michigan, he began by doing work in ultraviolet spectroscopy for studies of atomic structure; he also did much to develop industrial applications of spectroscopy. In later years, his talent for administration brought him to positions of scientific, military, and academic leadership that extended beyond his formal retirement from Michigan in 1964.
Sawyer was the civilian director of the 1946 Bikini atomic bomb tests, president of the Optical Society of America from 1955 to 1957, elected Fellow of OSA in 1959, and was awarded the Frederic Ives Medal in 1963. He was also dean of the graduate school and vice president for research at the University of Michigan.
Sawyer died in 1978, at 83 years of age, in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
# RQC

RQC may refer to:
* Relativistic quantum chemistry, a subfield of quantum chemistry.
* Remote Access Quarantine Client, a program, rqc.exe, in the Windows Server 2003 operating system.
# Kichepo people

The Kichepo are a Surmic ethnic group of Greater Pibor Administrative Area, South Sudan and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia. They speak Kichepo, a dialect of Kacipo-Balesi, which is part of the Surmic language family. The population of this group is above 10,000.
# Königsegg-Rothenfels

Königsegg-Rothenfels was a state in far southwestern Bavaria, Germany, located north of Austria and east of Baden-Württemberg. It was created as a partition of the Barony of Königsegg in 1622, and was raised to a county seven years later. It was sold to Austria in 1804, but was granted to Bavaria by France in 1805 at the Peace of Pressburg during the Napoleonic Wars.

## Baron of Königsegg-Rothenfels (1622–29)

* Hugh (1622–29)

## Counts of Königsegg-Rothenfels (1629–1804)

* Hugh (1629–66)
* Leopold William (1666–94)
* Sigmund William (1694–1709)
* Albert (1709–36), married Maria von Manderscheid-Blankenheim
** Maximilian Friedrich, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne
* Charles Ferdinand (1736–59)
* Francis Hugh (1759–71)
* Francis Fidelis Anthony (1771–1804)

## Other family members

* Karl Ferdinand, Graf von Königsegg-Rothenfels, married to Hélène de Boisschot, Baroness of Saventhem
* Dominik von Königsegg-Rothenfels
* Christian Moritz Graf Königsegg und Rothenfels
47°33′35″N 10°13′08″E﻿ / ﻿47.5597222222°N 10.2188888889°E﻿ / 47.5597222222; 10.2188888889
* This Baden-Württemberg location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This German history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Lump in My Throat

"Lump in My Throat" is a song from The Departure's debut album, Dirty Words. It was released as the lead single from that album on 4 April 2005, and reached #30 in the UK Singles Chart.

## Track listing

* 7" R6659
* "Lump in My Throat" – 3:20
* "The City Blurs Your Eyes"
* CD CDR6659
* "Lump in My Throat" – 3:20
* "Under the Stairs"
* Maxi-CD CDRS6659
* "Lump in My Throat" – 3:20
* "Lump in My Throat" (James Ford remix)
* "Be My Enemy" (Lamacq Live session)
* "Lump in My Throat" (video)
# M&G Real Estate

M&G Real Estate, formerly Prudential Property Investment Managers, is a global real estate investment manager, providing integrated services for fund management, asset management and property management. M&G Real Estate is part of M&G Investments which used to be part of Prudential until 2019. M&G Real Estate is a real estate investment manager in the United Kingdom, Europe and Asia. M&G Real Estate is headquartered in London.
M&G Real Estate began its real estate investment activities in 1848, and is today one of the largest real estate investment groups in the United Kingdom. There are over 200 employees; Alex Jeffrey was appointed chief executive in July 2012 and he was replaced by Tony Brown in 2018.

## History

* 1848: Prudential Mutual Assurance Investment and Loan Association established.
* 1879: Prudential moved into Holborn Bars, a purpose built office complex designed by Alfred Waterhouse, now a popular architectural landmark.
* 1920s / 1930s: Since equities collapsed in the Great Depression, many corporations diversified their holdings by investing heavily in property. During these years, Prudential made major real estate investments.
* 1982: The Prudential Estates department of Prudential Assurance Company, a forerunner of M&G Real Estate, became PPM Property
* 2001: Prudential Portfolio Managers (PPM) was integrated with Prudential's newly acquired fund management arm M&G
* 2006: Prudential Property Investment Managers was formally rebranded as PRUPIM.
* 2013: M&G Investments changes the name of PRUPIM to M&G Real Estate

## Portfolio

M&G Real Estate owns or co-owns properties including Manchester Arndale, Finsbury Circus, Westfield Fashion Square, Westfield Garden State Plaza, Bluewater, Cribbs Causeway and Fremlin Walk, Maidstone.

## Sustainability

M&G Real Estate has been active in the sustainability movement. It achieved full ISO 14001 accreditation for its entire property portfolio.
# Joseph Noble

Joseph Noble may refer to:
* Joseph V. Noble (1920–2007), American museum administrator and antiquities collector
* Joseph William Noble (1799–1861), British politician
* Joseph D. Noble, United States Navy admiral
# Maassen

Maassen is a Dutch patronymic surname, meaning son of Maas, an archaic short form of Thomas. It is most common in Dutch Limburg and surrounding regions. Among variant forms are Maas, Maase(n), Maasse, Maes, and Maessen. In Germany the name is usually spelled Maaßen. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dirk Maassen [de; it] (born 1970), German composer and pianist
* Frans Maassen (born 1965), Dutch racing cyclist and directeur sportif
* Friedrich Maassen (1823–1900), German jurist
* Lambert Maassen (1941–2018), Dutch football forward
* Nol Maassen (1922–2009), Dutch politician
* Peter Maassen (1810–1890), German entomologist
* Peter J. Maassen (born 1955), American jurist of the Alaska Supreme Court
* Sascha Maassen (born 1969), German racing driver
* Theo Maassen (born 1966), Dutch comedian and actor
* Wolfgang Maassen (born 1949), German philatelist
* Xavier Maassen (born 1980), Dutch racing driver
* Stephen Maassen (born 1957), Wisconsinite physician

## Maaßen

* Hanns Maaßen (1908–1983), German journalist and writer
* Hans-Georg Maaßen (born 1962), German politician and lawyer
* Karl Georg Maaßen [de; ru; sv] (1769–1834), Prussian jurist and politician

## Maase

* Kamiel Maase (born 1971), Dutch long-distance runner
* Maase (noble family), Danish noble family
# Maen-y-groes

Maen-y-groes is a hamlet in the community of Llanllwchaiarn, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 71 miles (114.3 km) from Cardiff and 187 miles (300.9 km) from London. Maen-y-groes is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

## Etymology

The name derives from the Welsh language: "the stone of the Cross".
# Marat Salyanski

Marat Salyanski (born 29 May 1974), is an Azerbaijani futsal player who plays for Araz Naxçivan and the Azerbaijan national futsal team.
# Myoleja diversa

Myoleja diversa is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Myoleja of the family Tephritidae.
# Königsfeld

Königsfeld may refer to several places:
In Germany:
* Königsfeld, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in the Nordwestmecklenburg district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Königsfeld, Saxony in the Mittweida district in Saxony
* Königsfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate in Brohltal, Ahrweiler in Rhineland-Palatinate
* Königsfeld, Bavaria in the district of Bamberg in Bavaria
* Königsfeld im Schwarzwald in Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis in Baden-Württemberg
* Ennepetal-Königsfeld, a borough of Ennepetal
In the Czech Republic:
* Anenská Studánka, in Ústí nad Orlicí District (Bohemia)
* Brno-Královo Pole, in Brno-City District (Moravia)
In Ukraine:
# Renewable Energy Wildlife Institute

The Renewable Energy Wildlife Institute (REWI), formerly called the American Wind and Wildlife Institute (AWWI) until 2022, is a U.S. nonprofit organization that seeks to encourage the development of wind energy and solar power while preserving wildlife and habitats that are at risk from the operation and development of wind farms. Located in Washington, D.C., REWI was founded in November 2008 by a coalition of seven conservation and science organizations – including the Environmental Defense Fund, The Nature Conservancy and the Union of Concerned Scientists – and 13 wind industry companies. REWI's initiatives have included the development of wind siting maps and identifying potential biodiversity concerns created by wind energy projects.
# Milecastle 45

Milecastle 45 (Walltown) was a milecastle on Hadrian's Wall (grid reference NY67716657).

## Description

Milecastle 45 is located on the top of Walltown Crags. The walls have been comprehensively robbed, and little remains but the robber trenches and turf-covered spoil mounds. The site is clearly visible as earthworks on aerial photographs.

## Associated turrets

Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 45 are known as Turret 45A and Turret 45B.

### Turret 45A

Turret 45A (Walltown) (grid reference NY67406634) is located 90 metres (98 yd) east of the normal measured position, and measures 5.8 metres (19 ft) by 5.5 metres (18 ft) externally. It was excavated in 1883, 1912, and 1959. The 1959 excavations uncovered two centurial stones to the west of the turret. The turret walls were consolidated and stand to an average height of 1 metre. The turret was constructed without wing walls, with the curtain wall abutting the structure, rather than being bonded with it. Because of this, it is believed that the turret was originally a freestanding structure, predating the wall, and probably built as part of a system of watchtowers associated with the Stanegate.

### Turret 45B

Turret 45B (Walltown West) (grid reference NY66956607) was excavated in 1883. It measured 3.8 by 4 metres, with walls just under 1 metre thick and just over 1 metre high. The turret was destroyed soon after 1883 by the operations of the Greenland Quarry.

## Public access

The remains of the milecastle and Turret 45A are both accessible via the Hadrian's Wall Path. Parking is available at Walltown Quarry Car Park, which is on the line of the Hadrian's Wall Path, however a steep climb is required to reach the sites. The car park is signposted from the B6318 (Military Road).
# M&G Recovery Fund

M&G Recovery Fund is a British open-ended investment company launched on 23 May 1969 and, as of 31 May 2012, was the third-largest open-ended fund in the UK (behind Neil Woodford's two equity income funds) with £7.4 billion of assets.
It was managed by Tom Dobell between 2000 and 2020, with deputies Michael Stiasny and David Williams since January 2011. Michael Stiasny was appointed manager in 2021. The fund makes a charge of 1.5% per annum.
Its investment focus is investing 'in a diversified range of securities issued by companies which are out of favour, in difficulty or whose future prospects are not fully recognised by the market. The sole aim of the Fund is capital growth.'
# Joseph Noiret

Joseph Noiret (28 February 1927 – 17 January 2012) was a Belgian painter, writer and poet. He was also the founder of COBRA (avant-garde movement) and Review Phantomas, and director of La Cambre long.

## Biography
### Early life

Noiret was born on 28 February 1927 in Belgium. At the young age, as a student he wrote poems from 1944. He was communist militant and at age 20, joined the "Surrealism revolutionary", the adventure of the ephemeral. He met Christian Dotremont, and in November 1948, in Paris during a conference he met with several international revolutionary groups. He died on 17 January 2012 after suffering long illness. He was the father of choreographer Michèle Noiret and historian Serge Noiret.

## Career

Noiret is considered important figure in the field of art and culture of Belgium. He was the last of six founders of the Cobra movement to be alive. He also established the cult magazine "Phantomas" in 1953. He was the director of the long school La Cambre in Brussels.
Noiret has written many poems and articles for exhibitions and reviews of Cobra. After the end of the movement in 1951, he went his own way to make a new shape of Cobra and chose paths where literature was that time at the forefront, without losing the link with the other arts. Later he launched "Phantomas".
He was also a painter and he continued to mix with painters. His collections of poetry were illustrated by him and by his artist friends as like Mogens Balle, Maurice Wijckaert and Sergio Dangelo.
# Canton of Le Prêcheur

The Canton of Le Prêcheur is a former canton in the Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre on Martinique. It had 1,644 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded in 2015. The canton comprised the commune of Le Prêcheur.
# My Little Angel (William Shakespeare song)

"My Little Angel" is a song written by ex-Easybeats members Harry Vanda and George Young in 1974 and was recorded by Johnny Cabe, aka stage act William Shakespeare. It was Shakespeare's second big hit in Australia and his first number one, making the number-one spot in Australia for three weeks in early 1975.

## Reception

Cash Box magazine said "This tune is part rap and part singing, a story to a young girl (a daughter), reassuring her that everybody has a guardian angel. Why? Because she's his. Could pick off some AM pop play if given half a chance."

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1974/75) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1975) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 14 |
# Königsegg-Aulendorf

Königsegg-Aulendorf was a county of southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was created in 1622 as a baronial partition of the Barony of Königsegg, and it was raised to a county in 1629.
By 1806, the territories of Königsegg-Aulendorf were four separate exclaves, centred on Königsegg in the west, Aulendorf in the east, and two smaller territories (north and south) of the Teutonic Knights' territory at Altshausen. Königsegg-Aulendorf was mediatised to the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806.

## Baron of Königsegg-Aulendorf (1622–29)

* John George (1622–1629)

## Counts of Königsegg-Aulendorf (1629–1806)

* John George (1629–1666)
* Anthony Eusebius (1666–1692)
* Francis Maximilian (1692–1710)
* Charles Siegfried (1710–1765)
* Herman Frederick (1765–1786)
* Ernest (1786–1803)
* Francis (1803–1806)

## Mediatized Counts of Königsegg-Aulendorf (1806–present)

* Francis, 7th Count 1803-1863 (1787-1863)
** Gustav, 8th Count 1863-1882 (1813-1882)
** Alfred, 9th Count 1882-1898 (1817-1898)
*** Xaver, 10th Count 1898-1927 (1858-1927)
**** Joseph Erwin, 11th Count 1927-1951 (1891-1951)
***** Johannes, 12th Count 1951–2020 (1925-2020)
****** Maximilian, 13th Count 2020-present (b. 1958)
******* Count Philipp, Hereditary Count of Königsegg-Aulendorf (b. 1988)
******* Count Nikolaus (b. 1990)
****** Count Markus (b. 1963)
******* Count Constantin (b. 1993)
******* Count Géza (b. 1998)
# Reon

Reon is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Reon Cuffy (born 1999), Dominican footballer
* Reon Kadena (born 1986), Japanese glamor model and actress
* Reon King (born 1975), Guyanese former cricketer
* Reon Moore (born 1996), Trinidadian footballer
* Reon Nozawa (born 2003), Japanese footballer
* Reon Yamahara (born 1999), Japanese footballer
* Reon Yuzuki (born 1979), Japanese actress
# Milecastle 41

Milecastle 41 (Melkridge) was a milecastle on Hadrian's Wall (grid reference NY73026705).

## Description

Milecastle 41 is located to the east of Caw Gap. The milecastle can be seen as turf-covered banks outlined by robber trenches. A cottage, long removed, occupied the site of, and was built from, the materials of milecastle 41.

## Excavations

The milecastle was examined in 1946. It was found to have a short axis, but had undergone extensive reconstruction.

## Associated turrets

Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 41 are known as Turret 41A and Turret 41B.

### Turret 41A

Turret 41A (Caw Gap) (grid reference NY72556688) was located by exploratory excavation in 1912. It had a doorway on the east side of the south wall. In the later Roman period, the turret was deliberately demolished, and the Wall rebuilt across its site. The remains of Turret 41A were consolidated in 1972-3 and are 20 centimetres high.

### Turret 41B

Turret 41B (Thorny Doors) (grid reference NY72056683) was also located by exploratory excavation in 1912. There are no visible remains.

## Public access

The site of the milecastle, Turret 41A, and the site of Turret 41B are all accessible via the Hadrian's Wall Path.
# Håkon Evjenth

Håkon Evjenth (26 December 1894 – 10 June 1951) was a Norwegian jurist, non-fiction writer, short-story writer and children's writer. He is probably best remembered for his children's books.

## Personal life

Evjenth was born in Bodø to barrister and government minister Håkon Martin Evjenth and Martha Backer. He married schoolteacher Solveig Bjerve in 1923.

## Career

Evjenth graduated as cand.jur. in 1917. He started his professional career in Kristiania, was a barrister in Vardø from 1921 to 1925, and then in Bodø. He received a grant from Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture for the years 1927–1930 for conducting research on the Sami culture, and lived four years in a turf hut at the Varanger Peninsula, along with his wife. He made his literary debut in 1927, with Finnmarks-jakter, and in 1928 he published the short story collection Folk under fot. His literary breakthrough was the children's book 3 på to og 2 på fire from 1935, which saw the sequels På to og fire i Suonjo from 1936 and Over kjølen i kano from 1937. Descriptions of the nature in Northern Norway, such as birds and animal life, dominate large parts of these books. In 1939 he wrote En fiskergutt i Sameland, set in the mid 19th century, where the Sami culture is a central element. In 1940 he wrote the sequel På langferd i grenseland. Falkefengeren from 1941 is set in the 17th century. These children's books were later reissued in Gyldendal Norsk Forlag's GGG book series for boys ("Gyldendals Gode Guttebøker").

## World War II

During the German occupation of Norway Evjenth took part in resistance activities. He was among a group of people in Bodø who tried to take some initiatives in 1940, and helped with the establishment of the Secret Intelligence Service wireline station Delta in 1941. He was arrested an held in the Falstad concentration camp from December 1941 to February 1942, and again from May to June 1943. He later focused on helping refugees and on news distribution. He was arrested on 5 September 1943, for being in possession of a radio. His wife was also arrested. They were both incarcerated at the Grini detention camp from January 1944 to March 1945.
His novel for young adults Krig i kvitt from 1945 treats the Battles of Narvik in 1940. It is based on diaries written by participants in the campaign. In 1945 he also wrote the book Mannen som reddet verden, about Winston Churchill.
# Citizens Bank Financial Center

Citizens Bank Financial Center is an architectural landmark in downtown Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States. It was designed by the architect D.H. Burnham and completed in 1911. An illuminated sign has sat atop the building since 1912.

## Description
### Building architecture

The building is 13 stories high (the top story was added in 1926) and rises to a height of 170 feet (52 m). It was built as the headquarters for the Miner's National Bank, and over the years has had a number of owners, including the United Penn Bank and Mellon Bank. The building features a recess, giving it an "H" shape. Atop the second floor, a sculpture of a nesting eagle and a flag pole can be seen from the Franklin Street side of the building. A frieze at the top of the building is decorated with lion heads and a number of interesting embellishments can be seen climbing the façade.

### Signage

In 1912, an illuminated sign was placed atop the building by the Miners National Bank. The building's subsequent owners have allowed the sign to remain, and as of 2018 the green Citizens Bank sign sits at more than 200 feet (61 m) above street level. In 2013, Citizens Bank moved from the building after more than a decade, and while the building now houses offices and apartments, the Citizens Bank sign remains.
# Frederick Magnus, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau

Frederick Magnus, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (18 April 1575 – 26 March 1618), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Fürstenau and Reichenberg.
Born in Erbach, he was the third child and second (but eldest surviving) son of George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg and his second wife Anna, a daughter of Frederick Magnus, Count of Solms-Laubach-Sonnenwalde. He was named after his maternal grandfather.

## Life

After the death of their father, Frederick Magnus and his surviving brothers divided the Erbach domains in 1606: he received the districts of Fürstenau and Reichenberg.
Frederick Magnus died in Reichenberg aged 42 and was buried in Michelstadt. Because he died without surviving male issue, his brothers divided his domains between them.
# Macuspana Municipality

Macuspana Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Tabasco, in south-eastern Mexico. Its seat is the city of Macuspana. The municipality covers an area of 2,551 km$^2$ (985 sq mi) and has a total population of 142,954 as of the 2005 census.
# Rafflesia speciosa

Rafflesia speciosa is a parasitic plant species of the genus Rafflesia. It is endemic to the Philippine island of Panay. R. speciosa is the third Rafflesia species documented to exist in the Philippines, after R. manillana and R. schadenbergiana. It belongs to the medium-sized Rafflesia (Meijer, 1997). The species was named by Julie Barcelona and Edwino Fernando.
Rafflesia speciosa was discovered in the mountains of Sibalom Natural Park (particularly Mount Porras) in Antique, Panay by members of an outdoor club. It was adopted as the symbol of Sibalom Natural Park and the municipality of Sibalom. For more information, see the review of Philippine Rafflesia.