OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zygmunt Vetulani (diplomat)

Zygmunt Michał Vetulani (1894–1942) was a Polish diplomat and economist. He was a general consul of Rzeczpospolita in Kaliningrad, Baghdad and Rio de Janeiro.

## Biography

He was the oldest son of Roman Vetulani and Elżbieta Kunachowicz. His brothers were Kazimierz, Tadeusz and Adam. He also had two sisters: Maria and Elżbieta. In 1912 he graduated Queen Sophia high school in Sanok.
He was married to Stanisława Leśniewska. They had a daughter, Wanda.

## Family tree

vteVetulani family :
* the list is incomplete :
Michał VetulaniFranciszka (née Śliwińska)
JanMatylda (née Pisz)RomanElżbieta (née Kunachowicz)Franciszek LatinikFranciszekKatarzyna (née Ipohorska)
EugeniuszKazimierzZygmuntTadeuszMaria (née Godlewska)AdamIrena (née Latinik)ZofiaBohdan de NisauMariaCecylia
ArmandWandaZygmuntGrażyna (née Świerczyńska)KrystynaJerzyMaria (née Pająk)Witold
AgnieszkaMariaCharlesTomasz :
Notes: :
# Éamon de Valera, Jnr.

Éamon de Valera Jnr. (11 October 1913 – 9 December 1986) was an Irish obstetrician and gynaecologist. In 2021, RTÉ Investigates revealed that he had illegally and covertly transferred children from mothers in Magdalene asylums to childless couples.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Éamon was the third child of Sinéad (née Flanagan) and Éamon de Valera. His mother and father were school teachers. His father became an Irish revolutionary leader, Taoiseach and President of Ireland. As a young man, de Valera Jr. was strongly influenced by his father's close friend, Dr. Robert Farnan, a noted, wealthy gynaecologist and founder member of Fianna Fáil, who had sheltered his father when he was sought by the British authorities. Farnan mentored him and de Valera Jr. felt indebted to him thereafter. He attended the Christian Brothers primary school in Westland Row, Dublin, Presentation College, Bray, Blackrock College, and finally University College Dublin (UCD) where, in 1936, he gained a first-class honours degree. In 1944, he qualified as a doctor; in 1947, he was admitted to the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland.

### Marriage and academic posts

Eamon married Sarah O'Doherty, from Carndonagh, County Donegal, in April 1941. They had two children, Éamon (1944) and Máire (1945). He worked at St.Luke's Hospital, the National Maternity Hospital, James Connolly Memorial Hospital and the Mater Hospital. He became Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at UCD in 1960. He was a guest lecturer in the US and Canada. In 1970, he was elected to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, and shortly afterwards was made a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He retired from UCD 1983 but continued as a consultant gynaecologist with the Mater Hospital. He was described as an outstanding academic and gynaecological surgeon.

### RTÉ Investigates

In March 2021, the national Irish broadcaster, RTÉ, revealed in their programme RTÉ Investigates that de Valera Jr. was involved in the illegal provision of babies to childless couples over a few decades. He forged paperwork to facilitate these adoptions, organised bogus antenatal appointments for women who were not pregnant and the children's birth details were changed, resulting in falsified birth certificates. The babies came typically from young unmarried women who were socially stigmatised after becoming pregnant and sent to religious asylums; the babies were taken from them after birth.

### Pastimes and death

In his private life, de Valera enjoyed fishing, tennis, music and nature. He died aged 73, survived by his wife and children.
# Mughal Minar

Mughal Minar is an archaeological site in Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It previously served as a Stupa.
# List of England international footballers born outside England

This is a list of England international footballers who were born outside England. For the purposes of international football the football world governing body, FIFA, considers England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to be distinct and individual countries. Players born in countries other than England may qualify for the England team through English parents or grandparents, or through residency in England and subsequent naturalisation as British citizens. The Crown dependencies, which for footballing purposes come under the purview of the Football Association of England, have provided two players to the England football team.
Players are listed below by birthplace and played for the full England team.

## Australia

* Tony Dorigo
* Arthur Savage (Identity disputed)

## Belgium

* William Bryant

## Canada

* Owen Hargreaves
* Edward Hagarty Parry
* Fikayo Tomori

## France
### French Guiana

* Cyrille Regis

## Guernsey

* Matt Le Tissier

## India
### British India

* Claude Ashton
* Alfred Goodwyn
* Elphinstone Jackson
* William Kenyon-Slaney
* William Lindsay
* Stuart Macrae
* James F. M. Prinsep
* Alf Quantrill

## Ivory Coast

* Marc Guéhi
* Wilfried Zaha (later played for Ivory Coast)

## Jamaica

* Luther Blissett
* John Barnes
* Raheem Sterling

## Jersey

* Graeme Le Saux

## Mauritius

* Herbert Rawson

## Mexico

* Richard Geaves

## Nigeria

* John Salako

## Scotland

* John Bain

## Sierra Leone

* Nathaniel Chalobah

## Singapore

* Terry Butcher
* Basil Patchitt

## South Africa

* Gordon Hodgson
* Frank Osborne
* Reg Osborne
* Bill Perry
* William Rawson
* Brian Stein
* Colin Viljoen

## Sri Lanka
### British Ceylon

* Charles Eastlake Smith

## Wales

* Frederick Green
* Rob Jones
# Ingelise Udjus

Ingelise Udjus (9 September 1920 – 5 December 2001) was a Norwegian resistance member, educator and civil servant.

## Biography

Udjus was born in Drammen and took the Candidate of Arts and Letters degree in 1946, later the pedagogical seminary in 1950. During World War II, she was active in Milorg from 1941 to 1944, and worked for the Norwegian military mission in Stockholm from 1944 to 1945.
Udjus worked as secretary-general in the People's University from 1959 to 1965, head of information at the University of Oslo from 1965 to 1979, and managing director of the Norwegian Museum Council between 1980 and 1990.
Udjus was also a board member of the International Congress of University Adult Education, sat on the Council for Adult Education (1966–1976), the UNESCO Commission from 1962 to 1976, the Norwegian-Belgian Cultural Commission and the French-Norwegian Cultural Committee. She was decorated as a Chevalier of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques.
She resided at Jar from 1957, and died in 2001 at the Bærum Hospital.
# Macedon Center, New York

43°05′39″N 77°19′14″W﻿ / ﻿43.09417°N 77.32056°W﻿ / 43.09417; -77.32056 Macedon Center is a hamlet located within the Town of Macedon, Wayne County, New York, United States. It is located three miles (5 km) northwest of the hamlet of Macedon, at an elevation of 554 feet (169 m). The primary intersection in the hamlet is at N.Y. Route 31F, also known as Macedon Center Road, and Canandaigua Road.
Macedon Center Volunteer Fire Department hosts the annual Lumberjack Festival each September on their firemen's field.
# Melissa Wade

Melissa Wade has been the Director of Forensics at Emory University, and the head coach of the school's award-winning policy debate team, the Barkley Forum, since 1972. She has been awarded every national coaching award in her field, and has been honored for her contributions to minority and women's participation in debate and forensics. Wade has coached several national debate champions. She retired in 2015.
Wade is a founder and developer of the urban debate league movement, as well as the Executive co-director of the National Debate Project.
She is originally from Houston, Texas, and is a graduate of Emory with undergraduate and multiple graduate degrees.
# Iacopo VI Appiani

Iacopo VI Appiani (1539 – 15 May 1585) was the lord of Piombino from 1545 until his death, although he was expelled from his state between 1548 and 1557. He was the son and heir of Iacopo V and his wife, Elena, daughter of Giacomo Salviati. He was a child when he succeeded his father, and was placed under the protection of the Emperor Charles V, while his mother presided over a council of regency.
In 1548, Charles invested Cosimo I de' Medici. Duke of Florence, with Piombino in exchange for a cash payment. Iacopo and his mother fled to the Republic of Genoa, which intervened several times to prevent Cosimo from taking possession of Piombino. Iacopo and Elena then paid a visit to the imperial court, where, with the help of certain ministers opposed to the Medici, they convinced Charles to revoke his investiture of Cosimo, save for the island of Elba.
# Maciej Zworski

Maciej Zworski FRSC is a Polish-Canadian mathematician, currently a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. His mathematical interests include microlocal analysis, scattering theory, and partial differential equations.
He was an invited speaker at International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing in 2002, and a plenary speaker at the conference Dynamics, Equations and Applications in Kraków in 2019.

## Selected publications
### Articles

* Zworski M (1988). "Decomposition of normal currents". Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 102 (4): 831–839. doi:10.1090/s0002-9939-1988-0934852-8. MR 0934852.
* Sjöstrand Johannes (1991). "Complex scaling and the distribution of scattering poles". J. Amer. Math. Soc. 4: 729–769. doi:10.2307/2939287. JSTOR 2939287. MR 1115789.
* Guillopé Laurent (1997). "Scattering Asymptotics for Riemann Surfaces". Annals of Mathematics. Second Series. 145 (3): 597–660. doi:10.2307/2951846. JSTOR 2951846.
* "Resonances in Physics and Geometry" (PDF). Notices of the AMS. 46 (3): 319–328. 1999.
* Zworksi M (2001). "A remark on a paper of E. B. Davies". Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 129 (10): 2955–2957. doi:10.1090/s0002-9939-01-05909-3. MR 1840099.
* Wunsch Jared (2001). "The FBI transform on compact C$^∞$ manifolds". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 353: 1151–1167. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-00-02751-3. MR 1804416.
* robin Graham With C (2003). "Scattering matrix in conformal geometry". Inventiones Mathematicae. 152 (1): 89–118. arXiv:math/0109089. Bibcode:2003InMat.152...89G. doi:10.1007/s00222-002-0268-1. S2CID 18310849.
* Burq Nicolas (2004). "Geometric control in the presence of a black box". J. Amer. Math. Soc. 17 (2): 443–471. doi:10.1090/s0894-0347-04-00452-7. MR 2051618.

### Books

* with Richard Melrose and Antônio Sá Barreto: Semi-linear diffraction of conormal waves, Astérisque, vol. 240, Societé Mathématique de France, 1996 abstract
* Semiclassical analysis, American Mathematical Society 2012
* as editor with Plamen Stefanov and András Vasy: Inverse Problems and Applications. Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 615. American Mathematical Society. 2014. ISBN 9781470410797.
* with Semyon Dyatlov: Mathematical Theory of Scattering Resonances. Graduate Studies in Mathematics, vol. 200. American Mathematical Society. 2019. ISBN 9781470443665.
# Melin Bompren

Melin Bompren (English: "Woodenbridge Mill") is a water-powered corn mill, originally located at Cross Inn, Cardiganshire, Wales, but now at the St Fagans National History Museum, Cardiff.
The mill was built in 1853 to grind corn into flour. It also has a kiln attached, which was used for drying oats when the mill was in its original location.
The mill went out of use in 1957. In 1970 a decision was made to move it to St Fagans, where it opened to the public in 1977.
The name of the mill originates in the Welsh language as "Woodenbridge mill", "Bompren" is a development on "Bont Pren" which means "Wooden Bridge".
The mill is sometimes occupied by a skilled miller, who operates the grinding mill and explains its workings to visitors.
# Melado River

The Melado is a river of Linares province, Maule Region, of Chile. It rises in the "Cordillera de los Andes" with the name of river Guaiquivilo where it is formed by two tributaries, the river Cajón Troncoso, originating near the Argentine border and the river Palaleo, from the outflow of Dial lake, located some 70 km upstream from the joining of the two rivers. The Guaiquivilo flows northwardly along a typical interandean longitudinal valley.
On its left bank the Guaiquivilo is flanked by the Melado sierra, which has peaks that often surpass 2.500 mt and which constitute a natural barrier between the Guaiquivilo basin and those of the rivers Longaví, Achibueno and Ancoa, all tributary of the river Loncomilla, which, in its turn, is the main tributary of river Maule.
On its right bank, the Guaiquivilo is joined by the river San Pedro or La Puente which is born from a glacier related to the San Pedro (or Las Yeguas) volcano. From this point onwards, the river takes the name of Melado.
The river Melado is dammed to generate hydroelectric power in the Pehuenche Hydroelectric Plant.
The Melado joins the river Maule when the latter has already flowed for 75 km.
The Canal Melado transports water from the Melado river through the Guaiquivilo basin and a tunnel of 4,2 km to the Ancoa River.
# Meladeniya Grama Niladhari Division

Meladeniya Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Bingiriya Divisional Secretariat of Kurunegala District of North Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 1437.
Meladeniya is a surrounded by the Heenpannawa, Padiwela and Udawela Grama Niladhari Divisions.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The Meladeniya Grama Niladhari Division has a Sinhalese majority (99.1%). In comparison, the Bingiriya Divisional Secretariat (which contains the Meladeniya Grama Niladhari Division) has a Sinhalese majority (96.3%)
Ethnicity in Meladeniya

### Religion

The Meladeniya Grama Niladhari Division has a Buddhist majority (97.3%). In comparison, the Bingiriya Divisional Secretariat (which contains the Meladeniya Grama Niladhari Division) has a Buddhist majority (85.4%) and a significant Roman Catholic population (10.3%)
Religion in Meladeniya
vtePlaces adjacent to Meladeniya Grama Niladhari Division :
Heenpannawa
Udawela
Meladeniya Grama Niladhari Division
Padiwela :
# Mençeler, Beypazarı

Mençeler is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beypazarı, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 29 (2022).
# Menán Du Plessis

Menán Du Plessis (born 1952) is a South African novelist and linguist.
Her debut novel A State of Fear won the 1985 Olive Schreiner Prize, and was a joint winner of the Sanlam Literary Prize in 1986.

## Works

* A State of Fear. Cape Town: D. Philip, 1983. Republished by Pandora Press (1987).
* Longlive! Cape Town: D. Philip, 1989. Translated into German by Susanne Köhler as Das Lied der Gemeinschaft Roman.
* A unity hypothesis for the southern African Khoesan languages. PhD thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009.
* Kora: a lost Khoisan language of the early Cape and the Gariep. Pretoria: Unisa Press, 2018.
# Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line

vteLAV Madrid-Toledo :
Legend :
The LAV Madrid-Toledo is a Spanish high-speed rail line that connects the cities of Madrid and Toledo, a distance of approximately 74 kilometres (46 mi).
The service was inaugurated in 2005.

## Route

The route shares the first 53 kilometres (33 mi) with the Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line. From La Sagra trains for Toledo travel on a dedicated branch line of 21 kilometres (13 mi) to the terminus in Toledo. The trip takes thirty minutes.

## Features

The new portion of the line was designed to support maximum speeds of 220 km/h, whereas the maximum speed allowed by the common core shared with the LAV Madrid-Sevilla/Málaga. is 270 km/h Like all Spanish LAV's, the line has a track gauge of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge and is electrified at 25 kV AC.

## Toledo Station

The arrival of high speed rail to Toledo made clear the need to adapt the station to new needs. This was done by rehabilitating the historic station building, designed by architect Narciso Claveria in the Neo-Mudéjar style and opened in 1919.
Other amenities include an outdoor parking area. The parking lot is paved, lit, and covers an area of 7,500 square meters with capacity for 325 vehicles.

## Special Features

A highlight of the line is a one-mile viaduct spanning the Tagus River and the Valdecir stream.
# Ports of Call (video game)

Ports of Call is a 1986 business simulation game developed by German duo Rolf-Dieter Klein and Martin Ulrich, and published by Aegis Interactive Entertainment. It was initially released for AmigaOS. After a subsequent early release for DOS it was also made available to a number of different platforms over the years, including Windows, iOS, Android and as a browser game.

## Gameplay

The game simulates the management of a global freight transport company, where the player charters freight, and, using the accumulated profit, can buy more and better ships. Minigames include manually piloting your ship into a specified berth in the harbour and picking up survivors from a liferaft. The original version provided multiplayer capability in the form of hot seat.

## Reception

Roy Wagner reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "Ports of Call provides plenty of challenge without being bogged down with lots of economic details."

## Reviews

* ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) - Mar, 1988
* ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) - Dec, 1990
* Amiga Joker (Jul, 1991)
* Happy Computer (May, 1988)
* Power Play (Apr, 1988)
# Melampyrum arvense

Melampyrum arvense, commonly known as field cow-wheat, is an herbaceous flowering plant of the genus Melampyrum in the family Orobanchaceae. It is striking because of the conspicuous spike of pink or purple terminal bracts which includes the flowers.
The Latin specific epithet arvense means "growing in cultivated fields".

## Description

The upright stems of this species, which may branch, are terminated by a spike of pink to purple bracts amongst which the tubular flowers appear. Younger, lower bracts are green however, as the pink/purple colour appears and deepens only with time. The plant grows up to 40 or 60 cm high.
The ordinary leaves are lanceolate and opposite and may have short teeth. The bracts are also lanceolate and have long teeth up to 8 mm. The flowers are two-lipped with a closed throat and are 2 – 2.5 cm long. They are pink to purple with a yellow or white patch.

## Distribution, season, ecology

This European plant flowers from June to September. It is favoured by a dry habitat and chalky soil.
It is distributed throughout Western Europe except in central & southern Spain, southern Italy, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, central and northern Sweden, and northern Finland. Also its range extends east to the Ural Mountains and it is found in Turkey. In Great Britain it only occurs in a few locations in south-east England. It is becoming rarer, at least in Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and Finland; this may be due to a reduced area of arable land and changes in farming practices, such as seed-cleaning and intensification.
This species is hemiparasitic, commonly on the roots of grasses but also on those of other plants. It cannot flourish without a host from which to take nutrients. In an experiment where the growth of M. arvense was compared on rye grass, alfalfa and flax, it was found to grow much the best on the leguminous plant, alfalfa.
The flowers are pollinated by bumblebees. The seeds may be dispersed by ants which are attracted by a small oil body (elaiosome) attached to each seed and which carry them to their nests for food. Like some other species of Melampyrum, on their undersides the bracts have minute nectar-producing glands which attract ants, bumblebees and other insects. These glands are violet in the case of M. arvense, are visible under a hand lens, and take the form of minute scales (about 0.45mm in diameter) which secrete a sugary solution.

## Human impact

Field cow-wheat is an annual weed of arable fields as well as a component of some natural grassy meadow ecosystems. The seeds are poisonous because they hold aucubin. The plant is being targeted by some groups for conservation projects and policy. As with Yellow Rattle (Rhinanthus species), it is sometimes considered to be a valuable part of restoration projects by reducing the vigor, and cover, of grasses and legumes. This enables more forbs (wildflowers) to colonize the land, increasing diversity as well as the land's nectar and pollen production. It is also considered to have aesthetic value.
# Maggie Walters (album)

Maggie Walters is the first album by the American musician Maggie Walters, released in 2005.

## History and re-release

This album was recorded independently by Walters before she had been signed to a record label. When Walters was approached with a record deal, the record company wished to use four of the songs from Maggie Walters on the new album, but planned to have them reworked or remixed. Walters agreed to the terms of the contract, and as a result, the original self-titled album was removed from stores and digital distribution, and was not to be replicated or sold again.
Walters eventually left the record label while retaining the rights to the album she recorded while signed with them (Midwestern Hurricane), partially due to the fact that four of the songs on it came from her original first album.
Subsequently, five of the other tracks from Maggie Walters were re-released in 2008, digitally only. These tracks were "Spin", "Another Living Room", "The Other Spin", "Flash" and "Shades of Gray."
The album was later released in its entirety on iTunes.

## Track listing

* Fingerprints - 5:02
* Be Careful Love - 3:59
* Spin - 4:46
* Ann Marie Explained it All - 3:38
* Another Living Room - 3:22
* The Other Spin - 4:29
* Sundays - 3:34
* Gibraltar - 4:32
* Flash - 3:39
* Shades of Gray - 5:54
# Mads Wiel Nygaard's Endowment

Mads Wiel Nygaard's Endowment is an annually awarded literary prize from the publishing house Aschehoug. The prize is a recognition of superior literary work. The publisher's editorial management makes the award based on their collective judgement of merit. Applications are not accepted.
The endowment is awarded in recognition of Mads Wiel Nygaard (1898–1952). Nygaard was the chief executive officer of Aschehoug. In 1940, he replaced his father William Martin Nygaard as CEO and served in that position until his own death during November 1952.

## Prize winner

* 1953 - Magnhild Haalke and Lizzie Juvkam
* 1954 - Not awarded
* 1955 - Kristian Kristiansen
* 1956 - Not awarded
* 1957 - Not awarded
* 1958 - Egil Rasmussen
* 1959 - Harald Sverdrup
* 1960 - Gunnar Bull Gundersen
* 1961 - Arnulf Øverland
* 1962 - Peter R. Holm
* 1963 - Stein Mehren
* 1964 - Yngvar Hauge
* 1965 - Mikkjel Fønhus and Einar Skjæraasen
* 1966 - Torborg Nedreaas
* 1967 - Knut Hauge
* 1968 - Lars Berg and Kjell Heggelund
* 1969 - Kjell Askildsen and Dag Solstad
* 1970 - Simen Skjønsberg and Vigdis Stokkelien
* 1971 - Sissel Lange-Nielsen and Arild Nyquist
* 1972 - Finn Havrevold, Bjørn Gunnar Olsen, Kåre Prytz and Odd Solumsmoen
* 1973 - Finn Strømsted
* 1974 - Hans Børli
* 1975 - Liv Køltzow
* 1976 - Sidsel Mørck
* 1977 - Halldis Moren Vesaas
* 1978 - Vera Henriksen
* 1979 - Ingeborg Refling Hagen
* 1980 - Karsten Alnæs
* 1981 - Erling Pedersen
* 1982 - Erling Kittelsen and Helge Vatsend
* 1983 - Gerd Brantenberg
* 1984 - Jan Kjærstad
* 1985 - Gene Dalby, Anne Karin Elstad and Tove Lie
* 1986 - Øystein Wingaard Wolf
* 1987 - Jon Peter Rolie
* 1988 - Kari Bøge
* 1989 - Ketil Bjørnstad
* 1990 - Karin Moe and Hermann Starheimsæter
* 1991 - Marit Tusvik
* 1992 - Elin Brodin
* 1993 - Cindy Haug
* 1994 - Merethe Lindstrøm
* 1995 - Tom Lotherington
* 1996 - Aud Korbøl
* 1997 - Torild Wardenær
* 1998 - Unni Lindell
* 1999 - Toril Brekke
* 2000 - Håvard Syvertsen
* 2001 - Odd W. Surén
* 2002 - Jo Nesbø
* 2003 - Thure Erik Lund
* 2004 - Sigmund Jensen
* 2005 - Eldrid Lunden
* 2006 - Bjarte Breiteig
* 2007 - Carl Frode Tiller
* 2008 - Geir Gulliksen
* 2009 - Arne Lygre
* 2010 - Ingrid Storholmen
* 2011 - Kurt Aust
* 2012 - Wenche-Britt Hagabakken
* 2013 - Tom Egeland
* 2014 - Lars Petter Sveen
* 2015 - Helga Flatland
* 2016 - Aasne Linnestå
* 2017 - Inger Elisabeth Hansen
* 2018 - Johan B. Mjønes
* 2019 - Erlend O. Nødtvedt