OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chloryl

In chemistry, chloryl refers to a triatomic cation with chemical formula ClO$^+$ $_2$. This species has the same general structure as chlorite (ClO$^−$ $_2$) but it is electronically different, with chlorine having a +5 oxidation state (rather than the +3 of chlorite). This makes it a rare example of a positively charged oxychloride. Chloryl compounds, such as FClO $_2$ and [ClO$_2$][RuF$_6$], are all highly reactive and react violently with water and most organic compounds.

## Structure

The ClO$^+$ $_2$ cation is isoelectronic with SO $_2$, and has a bent structure with a bond angle close to 120°. The Cl–O bond is of bond order 1.5, with its Lewis structure consisting of a double bond and a dative bond which does not utilize d-orbitals.
The red color of ClO$^+$ $_2$ is caused by electron transitions into an antibonding orbital. The analogous transition in SO $_2$ is not in the visible spectrum, so SO $_2$ is colorless. The strength of interaction with the counterion affects the energy of this antibonding orbital; thus, in colorless chloryl compounds, strong interactions with the counterion, corresponding with the higher covalent character of the bonding, shift the transition energy out of the visible spectrum.

## Compounds

There are two categories of chloryl compounds. The first category is colorless, and includes chloryl fluoride (FClO $_2$). These are moderately reactive. Although named as an ionic "chloryl" compound, chloryl fluoride is more a covalent compound than an ionic compound of fluoride and chloryl cation.
The second category features red-colored compounds that are highly reactive. These include chloryl fluorosulfate, ClO $_2$SO $_3$F, and dichloryl trisulfate, (ClO $_2$) $_2$(S $_3$O $_{10}$). These chloryl compounds form red solutions in fluorosulfuric acid, and do contain a red-colored ClO$^+$ $_2$ cation which dissociates in solution. In the solid state, the Raman and infrared spectra indicate strong interactions with the counterion. Not all chloryl compounds in the solid state are necessarily ionic. The reaction products of FClO $_2$ with BF $_3$ and PF $_5$ are assumed to be molecular adducts rather than true salts.
One notable chloryl compound is dichlorine hexoxide, which exists as an ionic compound more accurately described as chloryl perchlorate, [ClO $_2$]$^+$ [ClO $_4$]$^−$ . It is a red fuming liquid under standard conditions.
Chloryl compounds are best prepared by the reaction of FClO $_2$ with a strong Lewis acid. For example:
    FClO $_2$ + AsF $_5$ → [ClO$_2$][AsF$_6$]
Other synthesis routes are also possible, including:
    5 ClO $_2$ + 3 AsF $_5$ → 2 [ClO$_2$][AsF$_6$] + AsF $_3$O + 4 Cl $_2$
    Cl $_2$O $_6$ + 2 SbF $_5$ → [ClO$_2$][SbF$_6$] + SbF $_3$O + FClO $_3$
Metathesis reactions may be carried out with strong Lewis bases. For example, the reaction of the hexafluoroplatinate salt with nitryl fluoride yields the nitronium salt:
    [ClO$_2$][PtF$_6$] + FNO $_2$ → [NO$_2$][PtF$_6$] + FClO $_2$
# Nematostylis

Nematostylis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, i.e. Nematostylis anthophylla, which is endemic to Madagascar.

## Taxonomy

The genus was described by Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1873 and only held the species Nematostylis loranthoides. This species was made synonym with Nematostylis anthophylla, which then became the type species.
# Pike, California

Pike, formerly Pike City is a census-designated place in Sierra County, California, United States. Pike is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) west-southwest of Alleghany. The community was named after Pike County, Missouri. The post office in Pike opened as Pike City Post Office in 1877, became Pike Post Office in 1895, and closed in 1954. The population was 134 at the 2010 census.
Pike is the home of playwright and director Zach Helm.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 4.3 square miles (11.1 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

The 2010 United States Census reported that Pike had a population of 134. The population density was 31.3 inhabitants per square mile (12.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Pike was 130 (97.0%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 1 (0.7%) Native American, 2 (1.5%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 0 (0.0%) from other races, and 1 (0.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2 persons (1.5%).
The Census reported that 134 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 66 households, out of which 13 (19.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 30 (45.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 5 (7.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 5 (7.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (1.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 20 households (30.3%) were made up of individuals, and 5 (7.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03. There were 39 families (59.1% of all households); the average family size was 2.54.
The population was spread out, with 16 people (11.9%) under the age of 18, 3 people (2.2%) aged 18 to 24, 25 people (18.7%) aged 25 to 44, 62 people (46.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 28 people (20.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.
There were 90 housing units at an average density of 21.0 per square mile (8.1/km$^2$), of which 58 (87.9%) were owner-occupied, and 8 (12.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 0%. 117 people (87.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 17 people (12.7%) lived in rental housing units.

## Politics

In the state legislature, Pike is in the 1st Senate District, represented by Republican Brian Dahle, and the 1st Assembly District, represented by Republican Megan Dahle.
Federally, Pike is in California's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa.
# John Bower (MP for Penryn)

John Bower or Bowyer (fl. 1563) was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Penryn in 1563.
# LMB Hotel

Lakshmi Misthan Bhandar Hotel, popularly known as just LMB, is a well-known hotel, restaurant and sweet shop in Jaipur city in Rajasthan state in India. Established in 1727, it is located in downtown Jaipur in Johari Bazar. The hotel is said to be the first three star hotel of the state. Today, it is most known for its restaurant and mithai shop (sweet shop), which are a popular tourist attraction, serving traditional sweets like paneer ghewar, and the sweet lassi, apart from snacks, like samosa, chaat and Aloo tikki.

## History

In 1727, when by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, founded the new capital city of Jaipur, he invited traders and artists from nearby towns to the newly built city, amongst them were a group of halwais, who set up a small sweet shop in Johri Bazaar. Years later in around, 1949/1950, one of the descendants of these halwais, Maliram Ghodawat, branded this sweet shop, as the Lakshmi Mishthan Bhandar (LMB). The hotel was added later on in 1954.
LMB is famous for its restaurant and sweetshop on the street-level, while the hotel stands above them. The restaurant serves pure vegetarian food and is known for its Rajasthani thali, Dal bati churma, and kulfi.
During the 2008 serial bomb blasts, which rocked the city, one of blasts took place near the restaurant.
# James Varrick Armaah

James Varrick Armaah (born 27 April 1984), is a Ghanaian music composer and the founder of Harmonious Chorale. He is best known for composing popular Ghanaian choral song Oye. Oye is a favourite song of the Ghanaian president Nana Akufo-Addo; on his state visit to the People's Republic of China in 2018, the Chinese police band played this song.
# Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie

Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie (1773, Sèvres - 1851, Versailles) was a French painter of the Troubadour style. He was a friend of the painter Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson.
Among his patrons were Joséphine de Beauharnais, who bought his The Tragic Love of Francesca da Rimini for her gallery at Château de Malmaison. He became professor of drawing at two French military schools: the Prytanée National Militaire and then the Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr.

## Gallery

* The Tragic Love of Francesca da Rimini, 1812 (Napoleon Museum, Arenenberg)
* Raphael Adjusts Fornarina’s Hair Before Painting her Portrait, 1824 (Nationalmuseum, Stockholm)
* Sully montrant à son petit-fils le monument renfermant le cœur d'Henri IV, 1819
* Gabrielle d'Arjuzon praying for the restoration of her mother's health, 1812 to 1814
* Valentine de Milan pleurant son époux, 1822
* A scene from Lord Byron's poem "The Corsair": The distraught Medora, reclining on a rock overlooking the shore, her garment swirling in the wind; the name of her husband, Conrad, is carved in Greek letters on the rock, 1820-23
* Jupiter appearing at Semele's side while the young woman is sleeping; after Girodet 1826
# Peter Cropper

Peter Cropper (19 November 1945 – 29 May 2015) was a British violinist, leader of the Lindsay String Quartet, and founding artistic director of Music in the Round, a charitable organisation he founded in the 1980s to promote chamber music concerts.

## Biography

Cropper was born in Southport, Lancashire, on 19 November 1945. His father Alfred Cropper was a chartered accountant and his mother was Edith Kathleen (Kate), née Hale. He gained a scholarship to Uppingham School in 1959 based on his musical ability. In 1963 he studied at the Royal Academy of Music.
He was married at Thornham Parva, Suffolk, on 19 December 1972 to violinist Nina Esmé Martin. He died, as a result of a heart attack, on 29 May 2015 in Sheffield.

## Career

While at the Royal Academy, Cropper formed the Cropper Quartet with Michael Adamson, Roger Bigley and Bernard Gregor-Smith. When they moved to Keele University, they renamed themselves the Lindsay String Quartet after Alexander Lindsay who was its first principal. In 1984, Cropper founded Music in the Round, which would promote chamber music around the UK. The Lindsays formed the core of Music in the Round's activity for over twenty years, until their retirement in 2005. By the time of their retirement, Music in the Round was the largest promoter of chamber music in the UK outside London.
A frequently told story about Cropper dates to 1981 when London's Royal Academy of Music lent him a 258 year old Stradivarius for a series of concerts. On the first night of the concert, Cropper tripped and broke the precious violin. Fortunately, a master craftsman was able to repair the violin which reportedly sounded even better after the repair.
# Mansoa

Mansoa may refer to:
* Mansôa, a town in Guinea-Bissau
** Mansoa River
* Mansoa (plant), a genus of plants in the family Bignoniaceae
# Ghetto Cowboy

"Ghetto Cowboy" is the lead single by American hip hop collective Mo Thugs taken from their second studio album Chapter II: Family Reunion, released in 1998 via Mo Thugs/Relativity Records. It features contributions from Layzie Bone, Krayzie Bone, Powder P, Thug Queen and Layzie Bone's wife Felecia. Produced by Krayzie Bone with co-production by Romeo Antonio.
The single peaked at 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 while also reaching the top spot on the Hot Rap Singles chart. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on December 17, 1998 for sales of 500,000 copies and also made it to No. 87 on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1999 as one of the most popular singles of the year.

## Track listing

* "Ghetto Cowboy" (Album Version)
* "Ghetto Cowboy" (Clean Album Version)
* "Ghetto Cowboy" (Video Version)
* "Ghetto Cowboy" (Instrumental)

## Personnel

* Anthony "Krayzie Bone" Henderson – vocals, producer, songwriter
* Steven "Layzie Bone" Howse – vocals, songwriter
* Kamilha "Thug Queen" Greer – vocals, songwriter
* Felecia Lindsay – vocals, songwriter
* Jimmy Lee Burke – vocals, songwriter
* Jimmy Zavala – harmonica
* Romeo Antonio – co-producer, assistant mixing engineer
* Mark "V" Myers – recording
* Howard Albert – mixing
* Ron Albert – mixing
* "Disco" Rick Taylor – assistant mixing engineer
* Juan Rosario – assistant mixing engineer

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Crookham, Berkshire

Crookham is a dispersed hamlet in the English county of Berkshire, and part of the civil parish of Thatcham.

## Geography

The settlement lies near the A339 and A4 roads, and is located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) south-east of Thatcham (where, according to the grid reference, the majority of the 2011 census population was included). Crookham - like the adjoining Crookham Common - is situated at the end of the former runway of RAF Greenham Common.

## History

Immediately before 1066, Crookham was owned by Alwi Ceuresbert, a King's thane. Crookham appears in the Domesday Book under Thatcham Hundred. It was later, about 1125, granted to Reading Abbey. There was only one manor and this was sublet to various families, some of whom hosted Royal visits, including that of Henry III who visited the hamlet in 1229, most probably to engage in hunting in the rural areas. By 1299, Crookham Manor House had a chapel attached to it. On 29 and 30 August 1320, Edward II stayed there.
In 1445 the sub-manor of Chamberhouse was formed. Chamberhouse was the childhood home of the distinguished soldier and statesman Henry Docwra, 1st Baron Docwra of Culmore, who was born there in 1564. Anne of Denmark came to Chamberhouse for dinner with Nicholas Fuller on 4 September 1613. The original Crookham Manor and chapel appear to have been abandoned around 1542, and by about 1748, the estate had been purchased by George Amyand, a merchant and subsequently Member of Parliament for Barnstaple. A new manor house was built in the 18th century and this itself was demolished and rebuilt around 1850, Crookham House, which was occupied by Crookham Court School from 1961 until it was closed down in 1989 after a child sex abuse scandal at the school. The building is known today as Pinchington Hall.
# Pike, Illinois

Pike Station is an unincorporated community in Pike County, Illinois, United States. Pike Station is located on the Mississippi River and U.S. Route 54 across from the city of Louisiana, Missouri.
# Mio: Memories in Orbit

Mio: Memories in Orbit (stylized as MIO: Memories in Orbit) is an upcoming Metroidvania platformer video game developed by Douze Dixièmes and published by Focus Entertainment. It is scheduled for release in 2025 on Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S.

## Synopsis

On board a forgotten ark spaceship named The Vessel, where its AI caretakers known as Pearls has stopped working, agile robot MIO explores its exuberant vegetation overgrowth and miscreant machinery to revive The Vessel's memories to prevent an imminent shutdown.

## Development

Mio: Memories in Orbit is developed by Douze Dixièmes, an indie game development studio from France. The game was announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation in June 2024.
# New Durham, Middlesex County, New Jersey

New Durham was an unincorporated community and now a neighborhood located within Edison in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, south of Dismal Swamp.
Along with Piscatawaytown, Bonhamtown, New Dover and Stelton, New Durham is one of the older historical crossroad communities established in Edison (either as once part of Piscataway or Woodbridge before the establishment of Raritan Township, as Edison was earlier known). It was described in 1834 as having a tavern, a store, and a half-dozen dwellings.
# Jameson's snipe

The Jameson's snipe or Andean snipe (Gallinago jamesoni) is a small, stocky wader. It breeds in the Andes in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. It appears to be entirely sedentary, with no evidence of migration.
It is sometimes considered conspecific with the Fuegian snipe, Gallinago stricklandii, which is also known as the Cordilleran snipe. The scientific name of the Jameson's snipe commemorates the Scottish botanist William Jameson.

## Description

This 30–32 cm long snipe has a stocky body and relatively short legs for a wader. Its upperparts, head and neck are streaked and patterned with warm brown and buff, and the gold edges to the feathers form lines down its back, which are not as sharply defined as in most snipe species. The belly is white with brown barring. The horn-colored bill is long, straight and fairly robust. The legs and feet are yellowish-green. The sexes are similar, and immatures differ only in showing pale fringes on the wing coverts.
The Jameson's snipe makes a whee-tschwu call in its display flight. Compared with other snipes with an overlapping range, Jameson's Snipe is obviously larger, with a heavy woodcock-like flight on broad wings which lack a white trailing edge. On the ground, it lacks the clear pale stripes of its smaller relatives. Furthermore, the puna snipe which occurs in the lower Andes, Gallinago andina, has yellow legs.

## Behaviour

The Jameson's snipe is found in marshy areas where grassland and forest intergrade, at altitudes ranging between 2,100 – 3,800 m (mostly 3,000 – 3,500 m). Little is known of its behaviour, but it has an aerial display, which involves flying high in circles, followed by a dive during which the bird makes a drumming sound, caused by vibrations of its modified outer tail feathers.
The Jameson's snipe forages by pushing its long bill deep into the mud seeking insects and worms. Its cryptic plumage provides effective camouflage when the bird stands motionless amongst marsh vegetation.

## Status

The Jameson's snipe has a large range, with an estimated extent of 260,000 km², but the population size is unknown. It is probably not rare, but is well concealed by its cryptic plumage and habitat, and difficult to flush. It is usually seen only on its display flight.
# Litoria richardsi

Litoria richardsi is a species of frog in the family Hylidae, endemic to Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Scientists have seen it about 80 m above sea level.
The adult male frog measures approximately 26.5 mm in snout-vent length and the adult female frog 29.5 mm. The webbed skin of the front and hind limbs is black in color. The belly is black, white, and yellow in color. The outermost part of the tympanum is clear. Scientists are not sure how this frog is related to other species in Litoria.
# P. Malaichamy

P. Malaichamy was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Melur North constituency in 1967 election, and from Melur constituency in 1971 election.
# Peter Crook (businessman)

Peter Stuart Crook was the chief executive of Provident Financial until August 2017.
Peter Stuart Crook was born in July 1963. He graduated from Loughborough University with a BSc in Economics in 1985, and completed an MBA at Cranfield University in 1996.
In 2005, Crook joined Provident Financial as financial MD of its consumer credit division.
Crook has four children and lives in Northamptonshire.
# Ghetto Classics

Ghetto Classics is the third studio album by American R&B singer Jaheim. It was released by Warner Bros. Records on February 13, 2006 in the United States, and the following day in the United Kingdom on February 14. As with his previous albums, production and songwriting duties were handled by former Naughty by Nature DJ KayGee as well as Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney, Darren Lighty, Eddie F, Bink, Scott Storch, Balewa Muhammad, Wesley Hogges, Eric Williams, and The Co-Stars.
It debuted at number one on both the US Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, selling 153,000 copies in its first week of release. Ghetto Classics spawned the moderate hit "Everytime I Think about Her", featuring Jadakiss. Although the album stayed on the album charts for only thirteen weeks, it was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on March 21, 2006.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 67/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| About.com | |
| AllMusic | |
| Entertainment Weekly | C− |
| The Guardian | |
| People | |
| PopMatters | 5/10 |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Stylus Magazine | B− |
| USA Today | |
| Vibe | |
At Metacritic, which assigns a rated mean out of 100 from mainstream critics, the album received a score of 67, which indicates "generally favorable reviews," based on 13 reviews. Allmusic editor John Bush found that "Ghetto Classics may boast nothing as ambitious as 2002's [single] "Fabulous", and it may amp up the rapper collaborations in search of hits (Jadakiss and Styles P have appearances), but overall very little distracts from the qualities that have made him the most durable talent in commercial yet traditional R&B music [...] The final three songs ditch the samples for straight R&B, and while the absence is missed, it represents an intriguing direction for Jaheim in the future. Classic R&B may seem like just a memory to some, but with artists like Heather Headley and Jaheim in action, it doesn't have to be about the past."

## Track listing

Sample credits
* "The Chosen One" contains a sample of the recording "I Choose You" as performed by Willie Hutch.
* "Daddy Thing" contains interpolations from "To Be True" as written by K. Gamble and I. Huff.
* "Like a DJ" contains interpolations from "Time Warp" as written by Eddie Grant.
* "Fiend" contains samples from "I'm Sorry" as performed by The Delfonics.
* "I Ain't Never" contains excerpts "Stay with Me" as performed by Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis Jr.
* "125th" contains interpolations from "Not On the Outside" as written by Larry Roberts and Sylvia Robinson.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Kavanagh, Alberta

Kavanagh is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within Leduc County. It is located on Highway 2A between Millet and Leduc, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Edmonton.
The hamlet was settled by workers of the Kavanagh block of the Canadian National Railway and was named for Charles Edmund Kavanagh, railway superintendent. The grain elevators have since closed and been relocated.
Kavanagh was declared a hamlet on January 5, 1980 by Marvin E. Moore, Minister of Municipal Affairs.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Kavanagh had a population of 39 living in 19 of its 21 total private dwellings, a change of -17% from its 2016 population of 47. With a land area of 0.33 km$^2$ (0.13 sq mi), it had a population density of 118.2/km$^2$ (306.1/sq mi) in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Kavanagh had a population of 47 living in 20 of its 21 total private dwellings, a change of -9.6% from its 2011 population of 52. With a land area of 0.33 km$^2$ (0.13 sq mi), it had a population density of 142.4/km$^2$ (368.9/sq mi) in 2016.