OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hemibagrus nemurus

Hemibagrus nemurus is a species of catfishes in the family Bagridae. After a major review by Ng and Kottelat (2013), its distribution is believed to be confined (endemic) to Java.$^{:233}$ It is found in Sumatra in the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park in 2016, too. These catfish are found in Malaysia, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Borneo) and Thailand.

## In human culture

They are common food fish in Malaysia and Indonesia, where they are either steamed or cooked in curry.
# Hemibagrus wyckii

Hemibagrus wyckii is a species of catfish (order Siluriformes) of the family Bagridae. It is occasionally called the crystal-eyed catfish or black devil catfish.

## Distribution

This species originates in Asia from Thailand to Indonesia. It is known from the Mekong and Chao Phraya drainages in central Indochina. It is also known from the Batang Hari and Musi River drainages in Sumatra, the Pahang River and Perak River drainage in Peninsular Malaysia, the Citarum drainage in Java, and the Baram, Rejang, Kapuas, and Barito River drainages in Borneo.

## Appearance and anatomy

Hemibagrus wyckii are black with a few white markings on the caudal and dorsal fins, and the eyes are sky blue. They reach about 71 centimetres (28 in) SL. The head is extremely depressed and broad. The caudal fin is dark grey. The dorsal fin spine has 10–12 serrations on the posterior edge.
Hemibagrus wyckii bears a resemblance to H. wyckioides, however H. wyckioides lacks serrations on the dorsal fin spine, has a shorter dorsal fin base, and shorter maxillary barbels.

## Ecology

Hemibagrus wyckii appears to be restricted in the middle reaches of the large rivers it inhabits. This species feeds on insects, prawns and fishes. These fish are aggressive and can attack animals of their own size; they have been claimed to be the "only freshwater fish unafraid of man".

## Relationship to humans

This fish is marketed fresh as a food fish. Hemibagrus are aquacultured in Asian countries.
Hemibagrus wyckii and Hemibagrus wyckioides are the two members of this genus imported as aquarium fish. These fish will bite and can damage objects in the aquarium. Due to both its aggressive and its predatory nature, this species should be kept alone.
# Mankyua

Mankyua is a monotypic genus and fern in the Ophioglossales. Its only species, M. chejuense, grows only on Jeju Island of South Korea. While this plant is clearly ophioglossoid in the broad sense, its precise cladistic position is uncertain. It has a fused sporangial structure similar to Ophioglossum, but a vegetative structure, with palmately-radiating pinnae, reminiscent of Helminthostachys. It may be a basal offshoot of the ophioglossoid clade sensu stricto.
The genus name of Mankyua is in honour of Man Kyu Pak (1906-1988), who was a South Korean researcher and botanist (Pteridology).
The genus was circumscribed by Byung Yun Sun, Moon Hong Kim and Chul Hwan Kim in Taxon vol.50 (Issue 4) on page 1020 in 2001.

## Origin

Three phylogenetic analyses are performed on two cpDNA regions from 42 accessions representing the major lycophyte groups that were obtained from GenBank to pinpoint the exact phylogenetic position of M. chejuense (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference). In addition, a relaxed molecular clock with four fossil calibration points is used to estimate the divergence time. According to these finding, Mankyua may represent the oldest diverging lineage within the Ophioglossaceae or a sister clade to the group that includes Ophioglossum and Helminthostachys, depending on the phylogenetic position that is still unknown. Ophioglossaceae and its sister family, Psilotum, are thought to have shared a common ancestor as recently as 256 Ma, whereas Mankyua diverged as early as 195 Ma in the early Jurassic.
# Manoharpura

Manoharpura is a village in the Tonk district of Rajasthan, India, near the River Mashi. The village is near the Jodhpuriya temple of the Hindu deity Devnarayan.
# Paul Ngauamo

Paula Mark Ngauamo (born 19 February 1990) is a professional rugby union player who plays as a hooker for Top 14 club Castres. Born in New Zealand, he represents Tonga at international level after qualifying on ancestry grounds.

## Club career

In 2010 Ngauamo played with Canterbury in the National Provincial Championship.
In 2012, he went to Australia to compete in the Shute Shield with West Harbour RFC . The following season he returned to New Zealand and played as an amateur with Sydenham Rugby.
In 2014, when he was initially supposed to join French club Bergerac in Fédérale 1, he finally joined Oyonnax in Top 14 as Neil Clark's medical replacement.
At the end of the 2014-2015 season, he signed for two seasons at Stade Montois in Pro D2.
In 2017, he signed with SU Agen as a medical joker for Marc Barthomeuf. In January 2018, after strong performances, he extended his contract until the end of the season as an "extra player". In April of that same year, he further extended his commitment with the Agenais club until 2020.
In January 2021, after extra-sporting incidents, he was released from his contract with Agen and immediately joined Castres Olympique.

## International career

Ngauamo played for the New Zealand national under-20 rugby union team in the 2010 IRB Junior World Championship.
He made his debut for Tonga in on 7 June 2014 for a match against Samoa. He was later selected for the Tongan squad at the 2015 Rugby World Cup. He played three games in the competition against Georgia, Namibia and New Zealand. He was suspended for three weeks for a dangerous tackle in the Pool match against New Zealand on 9 October.
In 2019, he was retained in the Tongan group to compete in the World Cup in Japan. He played three games in this competition, against Argentina, France and the United States.
# Hemmi

Hemmi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Heini Hemmi (born 1949), Swiss alpine skier
* Heinz Hemmi (1899–1985), Swiss sprinter
* Masaki Hemmi (born 1986), Japanese footballer and coach
* Ulrich Hemmi (1829–1895), American politician
# Mangalagudem

Mangalagudem is a small village located in Khammam district of the Indian state of Telangana.
* This article about a location in Khammam district, Telangana is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Paul Vrolijk

Paul Dick Vrolijk (born 1964) is an Anglican priest and former leader within the Church of England. He served as Senior Chaplain and Canon Chancellor of the Pro-Cathedral of Holy Trinity, Brussels 2015-2023, and Archdeacon of the North West Europe archdeaconry of the Diocese in Europe 2016-2020.
Vrolijk was educated at the Delft University of Technology and Trinity College, Bristol. He was ordained deacon in 2004 and priest in 2005. He was Non-stipendiary minister at St Michael, Stoke Gifford Bristol. He then served at Bordeaux, Chancelade, Limeuil, Lot-et-Garonne and Monteton, before coming to Brussels.
# List of pharmaceutical laboratories by year of foundation

The following is a table with laboratories organized by year of creation.

## 18th century

| Year | Laboratory | Founder | Present |
| 1715 | Allen & Hanburys | Silvanus Bevan | Absorbed by Glaxo Laboratories in 1958. |

## 19th century

| Year | Laboratory | Founder | Present |
| 1830 | Smith, Kline & Co | John K. Smith | Became Smith, Kline & French |
| 1844 | French, Richard and Company | Clayton French and William Richard | In 1921 was bought by Smith, Kline & Co to form Smith, Kline & French |
| 1848 | Beecham Group | Thomas Beecham | Merged with Smith, Kline & Co to form SmithKline Beecham |
| 1849 | Pfizer | Charles Pfizer and Charles F. Erhart | Active |
| 1876 | Eli Lilly and Company | Eli Lilly | Active |
| 1880 | Wellcome | Henry Wellcome and Silas Burroughs | In 1995 merged with Glaxo to form Glaxo Wellcome |
| 1895 | Sandoz | Alfred Kern and Edouard Sandoz | In 1996 merged with Ciba-Geigy to form Novartis |

## 20th century

| Year | Laboratory | Founder | Present |
| 1913 | Astra AB | | Merged with Zeneca in 1999 to form AstraZeneca |
| 1924 | Glaxo Laboratories | Joseph Nathan and Co | Merged in 1995 with Wellcome to form Glaxo Wellcome |
| 1945 | Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques | Pieter De Somer | Bought by Smith, Kline & French, currently GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals |
| 1946 | Grünenthal GmbH | Hermann Wirtz, Sr | Active |
| 1950 | Allergan, Inc. | Gavin S. Herbert | Bought by SmithKline Beckman in 1980 |
| 1959 | Valeant Pharmaceuticals | Milan Panić | Its original name was ICN Pharmaceuticals |
| 1976 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries | Assia and Zori | Active |
| 1982 | SmithKline Beckman | SmithKline & French | Merge between SmithKline & French and Beckman Inc. |
| 1993 | Zeneca | Merger of the pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals businesses of Imperial Chemical Industries | Merged With Astra AB to form AstraZeneca |
| 1996 | Novartis | Merger of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz | Active |
| 1999 | AstraZeneca | Merger Astra AB and Zeneca | Active |

## 21st century

| Year | Laboratory | Founder | Present |
| 2013 | Calico | Bill Maris | | Active |
# Manuel G. Posadas

Manuel G. Posadas (18 October 1841 – 13 March 1897) was an Afro-Argentine musician, journalist and Argentine soldier in the nineteenth century.

## Biography

Manuel G. Posadas was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 18 October 1841. He displayed an aptitude for music, and studied under the instruction of Professor Silveira.
He married Emily Smith, of Scottish and Afro-Argentine origin from Buenos Aires, and they had at least three children: Carlos, Manuel and Luis Maria. The first two children were dedicated to music, a subject in which they excelled, and would go on to study more intensively both in Buenos Aires and around the world.
In 1865 he joined the Argentine Army as a volunteer to fight in the War of the Triple Alliance. He was assigned to the 2nd Battalion of the 3rd. regiment commanded by Colonel José María Morales. Posadas rose quickly to the rank of sergeant but due to illness, he had to abandon the campaign and return to Buenos Aires.
As a strong supporter of General Bartolomé Mitre, Posadas was appointed captain of National Guards. He participated in the Revolution of 1874 and after the defeat of the liberal party, he continued teaching music and writing in diverse media outlets in the city including El Eco Artistic and La Nación.
He again re-enlisted to the military, being assigned to the Sosa battalion commanded by Colonel Morales. He took an active part in the revolution of 1880 and in the fighting on Monday, June 21 at Puente Alsina and Corrales (the current location of Parque Patricios). He also participated in the 1890 revolution which, despite being defeated, caused the renunciation of President Miguel Juárez Celman.
As a violinist he performed in several theaters in Columbus and Opera. He died in Buenos Aires on March 13 of 1897.
# Henry Baker (computer scientist)

Henry Givens Baker Jr. is an American computer scientist who has made contributions in garbage collection, functional programming languages, and linear logic. He was one of the founders of Symbolics, a company that designed and manufactured a line of Lisp machines. In 2006 he was recognized as a Distinguished Scientist by the Association for Computing Machinery.
He is notable for his research in garbage collection, particularly Baker's real-time copying collector, and on the Actor model.
Baker received his B.Sc. (1969), S.M. (1973), E.E. (1973), and Ph.D. (1978) degrees at M.I.T.
The Chicken Scheme compiler was inspired by an innovative design of Baker's.
# Henry Cowan

Sir William Henry Cowan (22 May 1862 – 11 January 1932) was a politician in the United Kingdom.
The son of William Cowan and Elizabeth Giles, he was educated at Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh Collegiate School and the University of Edinburgh.
He was elected as Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Guildford from 1906 to 1910 and for Aberdeenshire Eastern from 1910 to 1922, then as a Unionist for Islington North from 1923 to 1929. As a parliamentarian, Cowan became interested in matters concerning immigration including promoting immigration of British families to dominions such as Australia.
As of 1928, he was chairman of Parkinson and W. and B. Cowan, Limited, a manufacturer of gas meters and gas cookers.
He was knighted in the 1917 Birthday Honours.
# Henry Cowell (disambiguation)

Henry Cowell may refer to:
* Henry Cowell, an American classical music composer and pianist
* Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park, a California State Park named for a local industrialist
# Mankin

Mankin may refer to:

## People

* Hart T. Mankin, American lawyer
* Helen Douglas Mankin (1896-1956), American politician
* Romi Mankin (b. 1947), Estonian physicist
* Valentin Mankin (1938–2014), Soviet / Ukrainian sailor
* Michael J. Mankin (b. 1948), American architect, disability rights leader.

## Places

* Mankien (or Mankin), a town in South Sudan
* Mankin, Texas, an unincorporated community in the United States
* Mankins, Texas, an unincorporated community in the United States
# Henry Cowper (1668–1707)

Henry Cowper (1668–1707), of Strood Park, Slinfold, Sussex, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Horsham from February to November 1701 and from 1702 to 22 March 1707.
# Henry Damian Juncker

Henry Damian Juncker (August 22, 1809 – October 2, 1868) was a French-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the first bishop of the Diocese of Alton in Illinois, serving from 1857 until his death in 1868.

## Biography
### Early life

Henry Juncker was born in Fénétrange, Moselle in France on August 22, 1809. While studying at the Pont-à-Mousson seminary in France, he decided to devote his life to the American missions, attaching himself to the Diocese of Cincinnati in Ohio. Juncker emigrated to the United States, completing his seminary studies in Cincinnati. Contemporary accounts described him as a zealous catechism teacher to his students.

### Priesthood

Juncker was ordained a priest by Bishop John Baptist Purcell on March 16, 1834. After his ordination, Juncker was sent to Columbus, Ohio to oversee construction of St. Remigius Church.
Juncker then served as pastor of Holy Trinity, a German-language parish in Cincinnati. In 1836, he was appointed pastor of St. Mary's Parish in Canton, Ohio. In 1846, he was named pastor of Emanuel Parish in Dayton, Ohio. While pastor at Emanuel, he visited many neighboring communities and German settlements to minister to Catholics there.

### Bishop of Alton

On January 9, 1857, Juncker was appointed the first bishop of the newly erected Diocese of Alton—now the Diocese of Springfield in Illinois—by Pope Pius IX. He received his consecration on April 26, 1857, from Purcell, with Archbishop John Henni and Bishop Joshua Young serving as co-consecrators. At the time of Juncker's arrival, the diocese contained 58 churches, 30 mission stations, 18 priests, and 50,000 Catholics. Realizing immediately that the new diocese needed more priests, he traveled to Europe in 1857 to recruit priests from France, Germany, Ireland and Italy for his diocese.
Juncker completed the first cathedral in the diocese in 1859, and founded two men's colleges, six girls' academies, a seminary, two hospitals, and one orphanage. By the time of his death, there were 125 churches, over 100 priests, and 80,000 Catholics. During one stay in Randolph County, a delegation from Red Bud, Illinois, asked Juncker to visit them. The townspeople said they had never seen a priest there. During his visit to Red Bud, Juncker heard confession from 1,000 Catholics and received a donation of land from a Protestant businessman for a new church.
When the American Civil War started in 1861, Juncker asked his parishioners to pray for peace. When the Union Army opened a medical camp for wounded soldiers in Cairo, Illinois, he sent priests and nuns there to provide support. Juncker attended the Second Plenary Council of American bishops in Baltimore, Maryland in 1866 and then went to Rome in 1867 to attend the Centenary of the Holy Apostles.

### Death

In June 1868, Juncker became incapacitated by Illness. Henry Juncker died in Alton, Illinois, on October 2, 1868, at age 59. He was buried in a vault under his cathedral.
# John Hughes (cricketer, born 1971)

John Gareth Hughes (born 3 May 1971) is a former English cricketer. Hughes was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire.
Hughes made his first-class cricket debut for Northamptonshire against Surrey in the 1990 County Championship. He made nineteen first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1997 County Championship. A bowler, Hughes took 37 wickets at an average of 43.83, with best figures of 5/69. These figures, his only five wicket haul, came against Hampshire in 1994. A tailend batsman, Hughes scored 128 runs at a batting average of 5.33, with a high score of 17. He made his List A debut against Nottinghamshire in the 1990 Refuge Assurance League. He made nine further List A appearances for Northamptonshire, the last of which came against the touring Australians in 1997. He took 6 wickets in his ten matches, which came at an average of 43.83 and best figures of 2/39. While playing for Northamptonshire he also undertook university studies, in doing so he appeared once for the Combined Universities in the 1994 Benson & Hedges Cup.
Leaving Northamptonshire at the end of the 1997 season, he proceeded to join Bedfordshire for the 1998 season. He made his debut for the county in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against the Surrey Cricket Board. Between 1998 and 2001, he made 24 Minor Counties Championship appearances and sixteen MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his first List A appearance for Bedfordshire in the 1998 NatWest Trophy against Glamorgan, and between 1998 and 2001 he made nine further List A appearances for the county, the last of which came against Devon in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, which was played in 2001 to avoid fixture congestion the following season. In his ten List A appearances for Bedfordshire, he took 8 wickets at an average of 39.37, with best figures of 3/17, while with the bat he scored 77 runs at an average of 12.83, with a high score of 30.
# Les Brotteaux

Brotteaux is a neighborhood in the 6th arrondissement of Lyon. It is situated between the Rhône and the track railway which leads to the Gare de la Part-Dieu. The urbanization of this area began in the late eighteenth century under the leadership of architect and urban planner Jean-Antoine Morand Jouffrey (1727-1794). The area is sometimes called Morand quarter.

## Etymology

The word "Broteaux" (with one "t") means in Lyon-language an island in the Rhône alluvial plain and bounded by the river itself or one of its arms or lône. This word comes from Franco-Provençal language broteu, itself formed by brot, pronounced [bru], which means the young shoots of trees that grow here.
It seems that the current spelling with two "t", "brotteaux" has appeared in the early nineteenth century under the leadership of local government and against the protests of local scholars.

## Current description

Brotteaux quarter hosts a large number of renowned restaurants such as the Splendid of Georges Blanc, a restaurant which is in front of the Est of Paul Bocuse. La Brasserie des Brotteaux is also an ideal place for those who like the Lyon's culinary traditions.
Among the most notable structures of the quarter, there are the Gare des Brotteaux, out of service since 1983, the Palais de Flore [fr], a 1930 Art Deco building houses located in the rue Waldeck-Rousseau, the Boulevard des Belges and mansions, the Parking Morand, a place dedicated to the work of architect Jean-Antoine Morand Jouffrey, creator of the Brotteaux district.
# Sphaerostylis

Sphaerostylis is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1858. The entire genus is endemic to Madagascar.

## Species

* Sphaerostylis perrieri Leandri
* Sphaerostylis tulasneana Baill.

## Formerly included

moved to other genera (Megistostigma Tragiella )
* Sphaerostylis anomala - Tragiella anomala
* Sphaerostylis cordata - Megistostigma cordatum
* Sphaerostylis frieseana - Tragiella frieseana
* Sphaerostylis glabrata - Megistostigma glabratum
* Sphaerostylis malaccensis - Megistostigma glabratum
* Sphaerostylis natalensis - Tragiella natalensis
# Elk Lake (British Columbia)

Elk Lake is a large lake located in Elk/Beaver Lake Regional Park in Saanich, British Columbia. Elk Lake and Beaver Lake are actually one lake as a shallow channel connects them. Elk/Beaver lake was known as the "Freshwater Playground of Victoria" in its heyday, the 1930s and 1940s. However, with the completion of the Pat Bay highway in the 1950s, focus turned to environmentalism, and measures were taken to start restoring the park to its natural state and protecting it. In 1966 Elk/Beaver lake became a regional park.
# Wheelchair tennis at the 2023 Parapan American Games

Wheelchair tennis competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Tennis and Racket Sports Training Centre from 19 to 25 November 2023.
The men's and women's singles champions qualified directly for the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Participating nations

There are 51 players from 13 nations participating.
* Argentina (4)
* Brazil (6)
* Canada (6)
* Chile (6) (Host)
* Colombia (6)
* Costa Rica (4)
* Ecuador (5)
* Guatemala (1)
* Mexico (1)
* Peru (3)
* United States (6)
* Uruguay (1)
* Venezuela (2)

## Medal summary
### Medal table

* Host nation (Chile)
| Rank | NPC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Chile (CHI)* | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 2 | United States (USA) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Argentina (ARG) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Brazil (BRA) | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 5 | Colombia (COL) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Canada (CAN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | Totals (6 entries) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |

### Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles details | Gustavo Fernández Argentina | Alexander Cataldo Chile | Daniel Rodrigues Brazil |
| Men's doubles details | Argentina Ezequiel Casco Gustavo Fernández | Brazil Gustavo Carneiro Daniel Rodrigues | Chile Alexander Cataldo Brayan Tapia |
| Women's singles details | Dana Mathewson United States | Angélica Bernal Colombia | Macarena Cabrillana Chile |
| Women's doubles details | United States Dana Mathewson Maylee Phelps | Brazil Maria Fernanda Alves Meirycoll Duval | Colombia Angélica Bernal Johana Martínez |
| Quad singles details | Francisco Cayulef Chile | Robert Shaw Canada | Leandro Pena Brazil |
| Quad doubles details | Chile Francisco Cayulef Diego Pérez | Brazil Leandro Pena Ymanitu Silva | United States Andrew Bogdanov David Wagner |