OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leon R. Hartshorn

Leon R. Hartshorn (January 16, 1929 – August 11, 2015) was a religion professor at Brigham Young University (BYU) and an author of many books. Most of his books were the collections of stories about leaders or members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). In the LDS Church, Hartshorn has been a bishop and the president of the Missouri St. Louis Mission.

## Biography

Hartshorn grew up in American Fork, Utah, and was a Mormon missionary in the LDS Church's Northern States Mission from 1949 to 1951. Hartshorn received his Ed.D. degree from the Stanford Graduate School of Education, with his dissertation entitled Mormon Education in the Bold Years.
Prior to joining the faculty of BYU, Hartshorn was an instructor for the Church Educational System and taught at the Church College of Hawaii, which has since been renamed Brigham Young University–Hawaii.
Hartshorn was a contributor of the article "Gift of Discernment" and others to the Encyclopedia of Mormonism and in 1996 was a co-editor with Dennis A. Wright and Craig J. Ostler of a book on the Doctrine and Covenants.
He died on August 11, 2015.

## Publications

Among books by Hartshorn are Joseph Smith: Prophet of the Restoration (1970), Put on the Armor of God, Memorable Christmas Stories, Remarkable Stories from the Lives of Latter-day Saint Women and a collection of stories of presidents, apostles and general authorities of the LDS Church. The Outstanding Stories by General Authorities eventually came to three volumes. Most of Hartshorn's collections of stories about church leaders were published in the 1970s, although some have been republished in the 21st century, often under slightly revised titles to make it evident they do not encompass the lives of apostles or general authorities called since the 1970s.
# Iberodorcadion fuliginator

Iberodorcadion fuliginator is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is known from Central Europe: Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg (from where it is considered to be extirpated), Netherlands, Portugal, France, Germany, Austria, Lithuania, and Switzerland.
Iberodorcadion fuliginator is a flightless beetle that feeds on grass. Its range extends from the Iberian Peninsula through Central Europe to Poland and from the southern Netherlands to northern Switzerland. It is highly endangered.
The beetle has a 2-year life cycle. In the spring, eggs are deposited in stems of grass such as Bromus erectus, their main larval host. The larvae hatch in May or June, feed on grass roots, and pupate after winter hibernation. Adults emerge from the pupae in July or August, but remain in the soil until the end of their second winter hibernation. They emerge from the soil in the spring and are sexually active for about a month.
Iberodorcadion has sometimes been considered a subgenus of the genus Dorcadion, resulting in the name Dorcadion fuliginator for this species.
# West Yangoru Rural LLG

West Yangoru Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Wards

* 01. Kumun
* 02. Kumbuhun
* 03. Wihun (Boinam)
* 04. Himbruolye/Buki
* 05. Alisu
* 06. Bonahitam
* 07. Koboibus
* 08. Yabamunu
* 09. Kuragumun
* 10. Bukitu
* 11. Wingei 1
* 12. Wingei 2
* 13. Bepandu
* 14. Yekingen & Belmo
* 15. Sara
* 16. Holik
* 17. Nindibolye
* 18. Kwaian
* 19. Duningi
* 20. Miambauru
* 21. Nambari
* 22. Malapaem
* 23. Ilipaem
* 24. Guningi
* 25. Nimbihu
# South Georgia Council

South Georgia Council is a council of the Boy Scouts of America located in southern Georgia. The council headquarters is located in Valdosta, Georgia. The council serves Scouts in Atkinson, Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Calhoun, Brooks, Clay, Coffee, Cook, Clinch, Crisp, Dooly, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Lanier, Lowndes, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Schley, Sumter, Terrell, Tift, Turner, Wilcox and Worth counties.

## Organization

* Alapaha District
* Eight Rivers District
* Chehaw District

## History

Chehaw Council was founded in 1939, it was renamed Southwest Georgia Council in 1984, it was changed back to Chehaw Council in 2005. The name became the South Georgia Council when Chehaw Council and Alapaha Area Council merged on November 1, 2012.

## Camps

Chase S. Osborn Scout Reservation, also known as Camp Osborn, and Camp Patten serve the Scouts of the South Georgia Council. Camp Osborn is located near Sylvester, Georgia. and Camp Patten is located in Lakeland, Georgia.

## Order of the Arrow

Withlacoochee Lodge serves the South Georgia Council.
# Jim Cameron (water polo)

Jim Cameron was a former water polo representative from New Zealand.
At the 1950 British Empire Games he won the silver medal as part of the men's water polo team.
# Francesco Nagni

Francesco Nagni (7 February 1897–11 July 1977) was a 20th-century Italian figurative sculptor, best known for the grave of Pope Pius XI in the Vatican.

## Life

He was born in Viterbo on 7 February 1897.
He spent almost his entire life in Rome first studying at the Academy of Saint Luca. After the First World War, working as an assistant in the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome he worked on several state works under the fascist regime of Mussolini. These included the monument to Armando Diaz in Naples and many war memorials to Italians killed in the war.
He was involved in the artists group at Villa Strohl Fern in Rome. From around 1940 he started to receive commissions from the Vatican and his work is now represented in St Peter's Basilica, His work would have requited multiple meets with both the Pope and other senior church officials. His works are not only on the public side within the church but notably includes the tomb of Pope Pius XI in the crypts.
He died in Rome on 11 July 1977 aged 80.
Around 2000 Nagni's family donated 34 plaster casts by Nagni to the Museum of Viterbo most of which stand in the Sacred Art section. These are the moulds from which his various bronze works were cast.

## Recognition

In Viterbo, his birthplace the municipality has named a street near the railway station after Nagni: Via Francesco Nagni.

## Known works

* Tomb of Pope Pius XI (1940), Vatican City, Rome
* Ostiense Railway Station frontage, Rome (1940) Pegasus with a God
* Armando Diaz monument, Naples (c.1935)
* Huge figure of St Paul at the Church of St Peter and St Paul, Rome (EUR quarter) (1959)
* Manzi grave in St. Pancras and Islington Cemetery, London (1962) two bronze angels lifting the dead man from his grave
* Seated figure of Pope Pius XI at Museo de Colle del Duomo in Viterbo (1964)
* Seated figure of Pope Pius XI at Castel Gandolfo (1964)
* Seated figure of Pope Pius XI, St. Peter's Basilica, Rome (1965) replacing a previous statue by Pietro Canonica
* Tomb of St Gemma, Sanctuary of St Gemma, Lucca (1965)
* Gilded bronze urn containing the body of Saint Pius X Sarto (1952) St Peters Basilica, Rome
* Statues of St Alphonsus, Francis de Sales and Hilary of Poitiers at Sao Paulo Cathedral in Brazil
* St Lucy holding a lamp, Church of St Lucy, Rome
* Assumption Virgin and six bronze angels on the tomb of Don Luigi Sturzo, in Caltagirone, Catania, Sicily

## Unbuilt Commissions

Commission from Pope Pius XII for new bronze doors on St Peters, which were to be known as the Faith Door and the Splendour Door, involving work from 1947 to 1970 (now in the Vatican Museum). These doors were to consist of multiple bronze bas-relief panels featuring various Christian stories, such as Nero Persecuting the Christians.
# Formica aquilonia

Formica aquilonia, also called the Scottish wood ant, is a species of wood ant of the genus Formica which are widely distributed in Europe and Asia, occurring from Scandinavia in the north to Bulgaria and Italy in the south, and from the UK eastwards through France and Germany to Russia, while they are also found in the coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk in eastern Siberia. They live mainly in coniferous forests but they do also occur in some deciduous woodlands.

## Description

The Scottish wood ant has a reddish-brown head and thorax and a black abdomen. At the back of the head is a short fringe of hairs but this does not extend as far as the eyes. This ant has fewer, shorter hairs than are present in the other wood ant species found in Britain.

## Distribution

The Scottish wood ant has a wide distribution across northern Europe, its range extending from Scandinavia to Siberia. It also occurs in the cooler parts of mountainous regions of central Europe and Asia. In Scotland it occurs in the pinewoods of the Caledonian Forest and throughout the Highlands, including the Isle of Skye off the west coast. It is also known from two locations in County Armagh in Northern Ireland. It is generally found in coniferous forests, including clearings and rides, and in suitable plantations.

## Behaviour

This species forms very large mound nests. During the day, columns of ants stream out of these, ascending trees and linking the nests to others in the vicinity. Foraging ants collect honeydew from plant-sucking insects among the tree foliage and bring it back to the nest. They will also collect living or dead invertebrates to supplement this. Winged reproductives are produced in summer, and new nests are also founded by fission from a parent nest, which may contain a number of queens.

## Conservation status

Formica aquilonia is included on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of threatened species, where they are classified as Lower Risk. Because of concerns about their future here, the species is the subject of Species Action Plans, as part of the UK's strategy for protecting biological diversity. Because of the rarity of this ant in Northern Ireland, it is listed as a Northern Ireland Priority Species.
# Sejdini

Sejdini is an Albanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Faruk Sejdini (born 1950), Albanian football player and coach
* Qazim Sejdini (born 1951), Albanian politician
* Trejsi Sejdini (born 2000), Albanian model, Miss Universe Albania 2018
# Sejdiu

Sejdiu is an Albanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bajrush Sejdiu (born 1968), Macedonian criminal of Albanian descent
* Dardan Sejdiu (born 1979), Deputy Mayor of Pristina, the capital of Kosovo
* Fatmir Sejdiu (born 1951), Kosovar politician and President of Kosovo
* Florent Sejdiu (born 1990), Albanian football player
* Shaban Sejdiu (born 1959), Macedonian Albanian sport wrestler
# Four valleys

The term Four Valleys or Quatre-Vallées may refer to:
* The Four Valleys, a book by Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith
* Quatre-Vallées, a small province of France located in the southwest of France
* Quatre-Vallées, a ski area in Switzerland
# Frank Richards

Frank Richards may refer to:
* Frank Richards (performer), vaudeville performer
* the pseudonym of Charles Hamilton (writer) (1876–1961), writer of the Greyfriars School stories
** the pseudonym of many "substitute writers" of Greyfriars stories, such as Edwy Searles Brooks (1889–1965)
* Frank Richards (cricketer) (1863–1926), Australian cricketer
* Frank Richards (football manager) (c. 1880–1963), manager of English football clubs
* Frank Richards (actor) (1909–1992), American actor
* Frank H. Richards (1858–1937), American politician
* Frank Richards (British Army soldier) (1883–1961), soldier and author
# Fort Montecchio-Lusardi

Fort Montecchio-Lusardi is a military fort situated in Colico, in the province of Lecco, northern Italy. It was built between 1911 and 1914.
It is the only Italian fort from World War I which has been preserved intact with its original weapons. The main function of the fort was to control the roads of Spluga, Maloja and Stelvio, in case the Central Powers decided to invade northern Italy, violating the neutrality of Switzerland.
The fort was one of the strongholds in a complex barrier system which extended up to Monte Legnone, though it remained inactive throughout the World War. During World War II the fort also never entered a major action: the only gunshots were fired after the fort was occupied by the partisans, at a German column that marched along the opposite bank of the lake. However, in 1944/1945, the fort figured in the Italian fascist regime’s planning for a Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano, or Alpine redoubt in the Valtellina, to make a last stand against the Allied advance.
The fort was later used as a weapons depot.
Attractions in the fort include four French 149 mm guns, with a range of 14 km, each rotating inside a cast-iron dome. The fort is divided into two parts: the lower area contains housing and powder magazines, and the upper part contains guns. The two areas are linked by a curved gallery.
# Sedillo

Sedillo may refer to:
* Sedillo, New Mexico, a census-designated place in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States
* Antoinette Sedillo Lopez (born 1956/1957), American politician
* James Sedillo, American politician
* Matt Sedillo (born 1981), American political poet, essayist, and activist
* Mela Sedillo (1903-1989), American folklorist, educator
# Leonard Jacobson

Leonard Jacobson FAIA (March 7, 1921 – December 26, 1992) was an American museum architect. He worked with I. M. Pei on some of the major museum projects in the 20th century.

## Biography

Jacobson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States on March 7, 1921. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1942. He served in the United States Army Air Forces from 1942–45 during World War II. In 1947, he gained a Master of Architecture degree, also at the University of Pennsylvania.
In 1953, Jacobson started working with I.M. Pei, joining him at I. M. Pei & Partners, founded in 1955. He was a Partner in I. M. Pei & Partners (which became Pei Cobb Freed & Partners in 1989) from 1980–92. Jacobson was central to the following building projects in the US, mainly involving museums:
* East Building of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (1978)
* West Wing of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts (1981)
* Portland Museum of Art, Portland, Maine (1982)
* Wiesner building, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1985)
At the end of his career in the 1980s and early 1990s, Jacobson was heavily involved with the modernization of the Louvre in Paris, France. Jacobson was a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. In 1989, he was made an Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government.
Leonard Jacobson died of a heart attack on December 26, 1992 at the age of 71 at his home in the village of Briarcliff Manor, New York, USA.
# Leonard Schmidtner

Leonard A. Schmidtner, born Leonard Kowalski, was a Polish architect who moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin and designed the former Milwaukee County Courthouse, a clock tower for Holy Trinity Church (1862) on South Fourth and West Bruce Streets, and St. Stanislaus Catholic Church He was one of the first Poles in the city and spoke German and adopted the name Schmidtner to help establish himself.

## Projects

* Davis Dry goods store (1860)
* clock tower for Holy Trinity Church Roman Catholic Church (Milwaukee) (added 1862) at 605 South 4th Street and West Bruce Street. Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
* St. Stanislaus Catholic Church at 1681 South 5th Street in Milwaukee (renovated 1962 and gold leaf applied to domes).
* former Milwaukee County Courthouse
# Leslie Lee (New Zealand politician)

George Leslie Lee (1814 – 15 September 1897) was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 1862 to 1870. A farmer by trade, he held significant land holdings. He acted as electoral officer in many elections in Canterbury.

## Early life and career

Lee was born in 1814. His parents were John Benjamin Lee and Amelia Lee (nee Knyvett) from Middlesex. He arrived in Lyttelton on the Stag on 2 August 1852. As Charlotte Godley had earlier written that he was "detained in England with a sick wife" but then arrived by himself, it is assumed that his first wife had died. Lee bought the Highfield sheep run, which adjoined the later town Waiau in North Canterbury. He sold Highfield in 1864 and bought Stoke Grange instead, which was split off from the Fernside run held by Charles Torlesse.

## Political career

Lee represented the Amuri electorate in the Nelson Provincial Council from 8 October 1855 to 16 December 1856. He was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 24 July 1862 to 8 November 1870, when he resigned. Soon after buying Stoke Grange, Lee stood for the Rangiora and Mandeville Road Board, and easily won the election in July 1864. Lee represented the Oxford electorate on the Canterbury Provincial Council from April 1867 to October 1870. He was a member of the Executive Council from 10 June 1868 to 4 June 1869. He was the returning officer for many elections in the wider Christchurch area.
Lee resigned all his positions in October 1870 as he went bankrupt, but the case never went to court.

## Private life

On 21 May 1856 at Kaiapoi, Lee married Maria Fuller, the daughter of Lt-Col Fuller CB of Oxfordshire. After his bankruptcy, they first lived at Styx Mill and then Avonside. When the secretary of the Provincial Council resigned, Lee was one of seven applicants and was selected by the elected members in the first ballot with a clear majority.
Lee died on 15 September 1897 at his home in Avonside at age 83. He was survived by his wife; they had no children. Lee was buried at Avonside Cemetery, which belongs to Holy Trinity Avonside.
# Levi-Civita parallelogramoid

In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the Levi-Civita parallelogramoid is a quadrilateral in a curved space whose construction generalizes that of a parallelogram in the Euclidean plane. It is named for its discoverer, Tullio Levi-Civita. Like a parallelogram, two opposite sides AA′ and BB′ of a parallelogramoid are parallel (via parallel transport along side AB) and the same length as each other, but the fourth side A′B′ will not in general be parallel to or the same length as the side AB, although it will be straight (a geodesic).

## Construction

A parallelogram in Euclidean geometry can be constructed as follows:
* Start with a straight line segment AB and another straight line segment AA′.
* Slide the segment AA′ along AB to the endpoint B, keeping the angle with AB constant, and remaining in the same plane as the points A, A′, and B.
* Label the endpoint of the resulting segment B′ so that the segment is BB′.
* Draw a straight line A′B′.
In a curved space, such as a Riemannian manifold or more generally any manifold equipped with an affine connection, the notion of "straight line" generalizes to that of a geodesic. In a suitable neighborhood (such as a ball in a normal coordinate system), any two points can be joined by a geodesic. The idea of sliding the one straight line along the other gives way to the more general notion of parallel transport. Thus, assuming either that the manifold is complete, or that the construction is taking place in a suitable neighborhood, the steps to producing a Levi-Civita parallelogram are:
* Start with a geodesic AB and another geodesic AA′. These geodesics are assumed to be parameterized by their arclength in the case of a Riemannian manifold, or to carry a choice of affine parameter in the general case of an affine connection.
* "Slide" (parallel transport) the tangent vector of AA′ from A to B.
* The resulting tangent vector at B generates a geodesic via the exponential map. Label the endpoint of this geodesic by B′, and the geodesic itself BB′.
* Connect the points A′ and B′ by the geodesic A′B′.

## Quantifying the difference from a parallelogram

The length of this last geodesic constructed connecting the remaining points A′B′ may in general be different than the length of the base AB. This difference is measured by the Riemann curvature tensor. To state the relationship precisely, let AA′ be the exponential of a tangent vector X at A, and AB the exponential of a tangent vector Y at A. Then
    $|A'B'|^{2}=|AB|^{2}+{\frac {8}{3}}\langle R(X,Y)X,Y\rangle +{\text{higher order terms}}$
where terms of higher order in the length of the sides of the parallelogram have been suppressed.

## Discrete approximation

Parallel transport can be discretely approximated by Schild's ladder, which approximates Levi-Civita parallelogramoids by approximate parallelograms.
# Leucopogon audax

Leucopogon audax is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, open, single-stemmed shrub with hairy branchlets, egg-shaped leaves and white flowers sometimes tinged with pink, in groups in upper leaf axils or on the ends of branches.

## Description

Leucopogon audax is an erect, open shrub that typically grows up to about 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) high and 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) wide, with a single stem at the base, its young branchlets densely hairy. The leaves are directed upwards, egg-shaped or narrowly egg-shaped, 3.5–14 mm (0.14–0.55 in) long and 2.2–4.7 mm (0.087–0.185 in) wide on a petiole up to 0.7 mm (0.028 in) long. The upper surface of the leaves is concave, both surfaces usually densely hairy. The flowers are arranged in groups of three to thirteen at the ends of branchlets, or in upper leaf axils, with egg-shaped bracts 2.0–2.8 mm (0.079–0.110 in) long and similar bracteoles, the sepals egg-shaped or narrowly so, 3.0–4.0 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long, tinged with purple and hairy. The petals are white and joined at the base to form a bell-shaped tube shorter than the sepals, the lobes are white, sometimes tinged with pink, and 3.5–4.4 mm (0.14–0.17 in) long. Flowering mainly occurs from August to October and the fruit is a hairy, cylindrical drupe 3.7–4.4 mm (0.15–0.17 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Leucopogon audax was first formally described in 2014 by Michael Clyde Hislop in the journal Nuytsia from specimens he collected east of Pingelly in 2010. The specific epithet (audax) means "bold", referring to the habit of the plant and its large flowers.

## Distribution and habitat

This leucopogon mainly grows in heath or open woodland in a restricted area in the Brookton-Pingelly in the Avon Wheatbelt biogeographic region of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Leucopogon audax is classified as "Priority Two" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.
# Lexipafant

Lexipafant (BB-882, Zacutex) is a drug which acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of the phospholipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). It was developed in the 1990s by British Biotech with several potential applications, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder and acute pancreatitis. Initial results were encouraging and it progressed as far as Phase III clinical trials, but final analysis of trial results showed that it failed to improve survival rates in pancreatitis despite some symptomatic improvement, and it was ultimately discontinued from development as a medicine, though it continues to be used as a model PAF inhibitor for pharmacology research.
# Lex monetae

Lex monetae is a Latin phrase which means that a sovereign state chooses which currency it will use and that the meaning of units of above-mentioned currency is determined by the law of the country whose money is in question.
The concept has been identified as a potential problem if the Eurozone breaks up or a member state decides to leave it, since debts in euros may turn into debts owed in another currency. Conversion would be at a rate determined by the nation in question, and no party to a contract or transaction will have the right to default on it.
# Levala, Saare County

Levala is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Pöide Parish.
# Levalleglish

Levalleglish (from Irish Leath-baile Eaglaise, meaning 'half town of the church') is a townland of 222 acres in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parish of Loughgall and the historic barony of Oneilland West.