OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Near East and South Asia Undergraduate Exchange Program

The Near East and South Asia Undergraduate Exchange Program or Near East, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa Undergraduate Exchange Program is an American international student exchange program. It enables students from the Near East, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa to attend American universities for a year of study. It is managed by World Learning for the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Department of State, and is a part of the Bureau's Global Undergraduate Exchange Program. In the academic year 2013–2014, students who visited the United States under the program came from Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, India, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Oman, the Palestinian Territories, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
# Nijaz Ibrulj

Nijaz Ibrulj (born 2 July 1956) is a Bosnian philosopher and a professor at the University of Sarajevo's Department of Philosophy and Sociology. He lectures on logic, analytic philosophy, methodology of social sciences, theory of knowledge, and cognitive science. His interests also extend to the field of social ontology. Ibrulj was awarded a Fulbright Visiting Scholarship during the 2000-2001 academic years to visit the University of California, Berkeley. His application was sponsored by John Searle and Donald Davidson.

## Academic activities

Ibrulj is the founder and president of the Academia Analitica, a scientific society for the development of logic and analytic philosophy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and leader of the "ZINK", a scientific and research incubator. He is the founding editor of SOPHOS, a young researchers’ journal and of The Logical Foresight, a journal for logic and science.

## Work in philosophy

Ibrulj has written extensively on various topics of analytic philosophy, philosophical logic, and philosophy of language, cognitive science and social ontology.
In his book Philosophy of Logic (1999), he introduced a theory named the Principle of the Logical. He defines the Principle of the Logical as an ideal matrix of the logical principles or laws of thought (the law of identity, the law of non-contradiction, the law of excluded middle, the law of sufficient reason).
In the book The Century of Rearrangement (2005), Ibrulj investigated the concepts of relation between identity and knowledge in an ambient of intelligent space, which is designed by modern informational and communicational technology, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and the processes of globalisation. He made a distinction between two theories of identity: a strong theory of identity (“anchored identity”) and a weak theory of identity (“mobile identity” or “identity in action”).
Ibrulj has also translated from English (Donald Davidson), German (Gottlob Frege), and Ancient Greek (Bosnian–Greek edition of Porphyry's Isagoge).
# Tucson Gunners

The Tucson Gunners are a defunct minor professional basketball team based in Tucson, Arizona. They played in the Western Basketball Association and won the league's first and only championship Notable players included Al Smith, Gerald Henderson, and future coach Jim Boylan.
# Jim Hazelton

James David Hazelton (20 June 1931 – 10 June 2014) was an Australian aviator and co-founder, alongside his brother Max, of Hazelton Airlines, a regional Australian airline which later became Regional Express Airlines.
In 1964 he became the first Australian to fly a single-engine aircraft solo across the Pacific, piloting a Piper Comanche 400, a crossing he would repeat over 200 times.

## Biography

James David Hazelton was born on 20 June 1931 as the youngest of seven children of Charles James and Enid Hazelton, née Bowman. Apart from these six siblings, five brothers and a sister he had another older half sister from a previous marriage of his father.
His aviation career started at Orange Aero Club, becoming a private pilot in 1950. He acquired his commercial licence in 1951 and joined the Newcastle Aero Club.
After co-founding Hazelton Airlines with his brother Max, starting out at the family farm at Toogong, he left the airline to establish his own flight training school, Navair, at Bankstown Airport. He went on to ferry aircraft for Formula 1 driver Graham Hill as well as instructing Jim Clark and Jackie Stewart in flying. He also accompanied Australian entrepreneur Dick Smith on the latter's international journeys. He was part of the search team for his brother Max when the latter crashed in the Blue Mountains in 1954 and went missing for a number of days.
In 1964 Hazelton flew a single-engine aircraft solo across the Pacific, piloting a Piper Comanche 400. He was refused permission from the Australian Civil Aviation authority to do so and had to take out a US licence instead to carry out the flight. He would go on to repeat the Pacific crossing over 200 times in his lifetime.
In 2008, while ferrying a Second World War Catalina flying boat from Portugal to Australia, Hazelton and his crew got caught up in the Mumbai terrorist attack and had to escape under gun fire, having to take off from the city's airport without the proper paperwork. In 2011 Hazelton, with a friend, re-enacted the 1928 trans-Pacific crossing of Charles Kingsford Smith in a single engine Beechcraft Bonanza 36, flying from Oakland, California, to Brisbane, Queensland.
Jim Hazelton died of prostate cancer on 10 July 2014 at his home at Aeroglen, New South Wales, having carried out his last ferry flight of an aircraft to New Zealand only a few months before. He was described as a modest person and as one of the greatest and most gifted Australian pilots by a family friend. He was survived by his wife and ex-wife as well as seven of his eight children, a number of whom are also active in the aviation industry.
# Laksar–Dehradun line

The Laksar–Dehradun line is a railway route on the Northern Railway zone of Indian Railways. This route plays an important role in rail transportation of Garhwal division of Uttarakhand state.
The corridor passes through the hilly areas of Uttarakhand. Some portions are near the bank of Ganges with a stretch of 79 km which connects Laksar Junction situates on Moradabad–Ambala line and Dehradun. It has a branch line which starts from Raiwala Junction and ends at Rishikesh with a stretch of 12 km.

## Speed Limit

Laksar-Dehradun line is classified as a "Group D" line and can take speeds up to 100 km/h. and Raiwala-Rishikesh branch line is classified as a "Group D" line and can take speeds up to 100 km/h but Haridwar to Dehradun is PSR caution of 50 kmph so the train is not take max speed.

## History

The main railway line from Laksar Junction to Dehradun via Raiwala Junction was originally built by Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway of United Provinces of Agra and Oudh portion as 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge was constructed on different phases.
* The first phase, from Laksar Junction to Jwalapur was opened on 1 January 1886.
* The second phase, from Jwalapur to Haridwar was opened on 20 August 1886.
* The third phase, from Haridwar to Dehradun was sanctioned on 18 November 1896 and opened on 1 March 1900.
Whereas, the branch line between Raiwala Junction and Rishikesh which were comes under the East Indian Railway Garhwal district portion was opened on 2 April 1927. And the extension of the line to Karnaprayag by Rishikesh–Karnaprayag line, the Yog Nagari Rishikesh railway station was inaugurated on 12 January 2021.

## Electrification

The electrification was done on dividing the three sections of this route, the first section is Laksar Junction–Haridwar, the second section is Haridwar–Dehradun and the third section is Raiwala–Rishikesh branch. The First section is electrified on 28 September 2015. The second section is electrified on 20 October 2016. And the third section was opened on 2018.

## Trains Passing through this line
### Main

* Kathgodam–Dehradun Express
* Nanda Devi AC Express
* Mussoorie Express
* Dehradun–Amritsar Express
* Naini Doon Jan Shatabdi Express
* Dehradun Jan Shatabdi Express
* Dehradun Shatabdi Express
* Rapti Ganga Express
* Bandra Terminus–Dehradun Express
* Upasana Express
* Indore–Dehradun Express
* Ujjaini Express
* Uttaranchal Express
* Dehradun Banaras Express
* Anand Vihar Terminal - Dehradun Vande Bharat Express

### Branch

* Kalinga Utkal Express
* Yoga Express
* Yog Nagari Rishikesh–Prayagraj Sangam Express
* Yog Nagari Rishikesh–Jammu Tawi Express
* Udaipur City–Yog Nagari Rishikesh Express
* Doon Express
* Kochuveli–Yog Nagari Rishikesh Superfast Express
* Hemkunt Express
# Giardino della Vittoria, Adrano

The Giardino della Vittoria is a public park located in the center of the town of Adrano, in the Province of Catania, Sicily, Italy. The park rises on land once belonging to the former, but still adjacent, Monastery of Santa Lucia, whose facade and baroque church border on the north. The modern city hall rises along the northwest edge of the park.
The first idea for a park at the site arose circa 1800, and guides from 1907 mention a tree lined promenade (passeggiata). One of the prides of the park is a palm-lined passage. In 1920, plans were made to add a memorial to fallen soldiers (caduti) in the park. Plans were generated in 1925, and designs were commissioned from a local artist Angelo Lauricella. The bronze memorial was commissioned from Angelo La Naia, and the park or garden was inaugurated in 1926. Since the last world war, a number of sculptures have been added, mainly of prominent local citizens including Giuseppe Guzzardi, Domenico Sanfilippo, and Carmelo Salanitro.
# Music for the Mabinogi

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Music for the Mabinogi is a folk soundtrack album released in 1983 by Robin Williamson. The soundtrack was created for a 1983 bi-lingual theatrical production of the Mabinogion which, during live performance runs in both Caernafon Castle and Cardiff Castle, was filmed and subsequently broadcast on the Welsh language television channel S4C and on Channel 4. The play was produced by the Cardiff based Moving Being theatre company.

## Track listing

* "Arianrhod"
* "Birds of Rhiannon"
* "Bran's Head"
* "Branswen in Ireland"
* "Death of Gronw"
* "Enchantments of Llwyd"
* "Fine Leather From Seaweed"
* "Gallows For a Mouse"
* "Gwydion's Song to Lleu"
* "Manawydan in London"
* "Naming Pryderi"
* "Parting Words"
* "Pwyil"
* "Pyderi's Song"
* "Revenges of Math"
* "Three Nursemaids"
* "Unlikely Virgin"
* "When Two Hearts Are True"
* "Rhiannon"
* "Badger in the Bag"
* "Matholwch's Ships"
* "Cradlesong"
# Bulgarian Energy Holding

Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD (BEH EAD) is a state-owned energy holding company in Bulgaria. It was incorporated on 18 September 2008 after renaming Bulgargaz Holding EAD. In November 2009, the Bulgarian Government decided to list the company on the Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia.
It is the owner of the Maritsa Iztok-2 power station. This power station was ranked as the industrial facility that is causing the highest damage costs to health and the environment in Bulgaria and the entire European Union in November 2014 by the European Environment Agency.

## Subsidiaries

BEH EAD has the following subsidiaries:
* Mini Maritsa Iztok EAD
* Maritsa East 2 TPP EAD
* Kozloduy NPP EAD
* NEK EAD
* Electricity System Operator EAD
* Bulgargaz EAD
* Bulgartransgaz EAD
* Bulgartel EAD
# Papareschi

Papareschi is an Italian surname, and may refer to:
# John Alexander Carroll

John Alexander Carroll (died 17 December 2000) was an American academic between the 1950s to 1980s. During this time period, he primarily worked for the University of Arizona and Troy State University. While with Arizona, Carroll created Arizona and the West in 1959. He remained as the journal's editor until 1963.
Outside of academics, Carroll became a researcher for Douglas Southall Freeman's biography of George Washington in 1948. After Freeman died before he could complete his biography, Carroll and Mary Wells Ashworth co-wrote the 1957 book George Washington Volume VII: First in Peace. In 1958, Carroll was a co-winner for the 1958 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography alongside Freeman and Ashworth.

## Education

Carroll went to Georgetown University to complete a program at the university's School of Foreign Service. He remained at Georgetown to earn a Doctor of Philosophy in 1956 with a specialty in American history.

## Career

Carroll began his career with the United States Navy during World War II. In 1941, he was one of the survivors of the USS California sinking at Pearl Harbor and later received a Purple Heart medal. When Douglas Southall Freeman started his 1948 biography on George Washington, Carroll worked for him as a researcher. In 1953, Freeman died before he could complete his Washington biography. To complete the biography on Washington, Carroll and Mary Wells Ashworth co-wrote George Washington Volume VII: First in Peace and released the book in 1957.
As an academic, Carroll began his career with the College of William and Mary. By the late 1950s, he had worked for Del Mar College in charge of history. He continued to work in the subject in 1958 when he became an associate professor with the University of Arizona. While at the university, Carroll created Arizona and the West in 1959, which was the successor of the Arizona Historical Review. He edited for the journal until 1963 when he resumed teaching at Arizona. Carroll remained at Arizona throughout the 1960s.
Apart from Arizona, Carroll was an academic for Texas Christian University in 1965. Between the mid-1970s to mid 1980s, Carroll continued his academic career with Troy State University. Outside of his teaching career, Carroll was a co-writer of Home of the Brave: A Patriot's Guide to American History in 1976. Additional works of Carroll's include Pioneering in Arizona and Reflections of Western Historians.

## Awards and honors

Carroll was a co-winner of the 1958 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography alongside Freeman and Ashworth for their biography George Washington, Volumes I-VII.

## Death

Carroll died on 17 December 2000.
# Larga railway station

vteKelmentsi–Sokyriany segment :
Legend :
Larga (Cyrillic: Ларга) is a railway station of the Lviv Railways.
It is administered by the Ivano-Frankivsk administration. The station is located on the border with Moldova and has three directions towards Chernivtsi, Sokiryany and Khmelnytskyi Oblast as part of the Southwestern Railways.
# Jimmy McKechnie

John James McKechnie was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Clapton Orient, Exeter City, Crewe Alexandra, Northampton Town and Stockport County.

## Personal life

McKechnie served as a corporal in the Royal Horse Artillery during the First World War.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stockport County | 1923–24 | Second Division | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Dundalk GNR | 1928–29 | League of Ireland | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
# Lallie Charles

Lallie Charles (née Charlotte Elizabeth Martin; 1869–1919), was an Irish photographer. Along with her sister Rita Martin, she was one of the most commercially successful women portraitists of the early 20th century.
Lallie Charles was born in Ireland. In about 1895, she married London photographer Georges Garet-Charles, whom she divorced around 1902. Her second husband was Herbert Carr.
She was a society photographer. In 1896, she opened her first studio, The Nook, at 1 Titchfield Road, Regent's Park, London. In 1897, Rita Martin, her sister, went to work with her. In 1906, Martin opened her own studio at 27 Baker Street and the two sisters became competitors. The following year, Charles moved to 39A Curzon Street, where she became the "foremost female portrait photographer of her day".
One of her portraits of a young girl was coloured and used as the cover image for the first issue of The Royal Magazine published by Sir Arthur Pearson in November 1898.
Charles was inspired by Alice Hughes. Other pioneer women photographers of her time, other than her sister, were: Christina Broom, Kate Pragnell and Lizzie Caswall Smith. Mme Yevonde was an apprentice of Charles, and Cecil Beaton, as a young man, posed for a family portrait, an experience he described in his book Photobiography. Talking about the sisters, Beaton said: "Rita Martin and her sister, Lallie Charles, the rival photographer, posed their sitters in a soft conservatory-looking light, making all hair deliriously fashionable to be photo-lowered". She died in Mayfair, London, on 5 April 1919.
A small selection of negatives by Lallie Charles and Rita Martin is preserved at the National Portrait Gallery, donated by their niece Lallie Charles Cowell in 1994.

## Gallery

* Anita de Braganza
* Mary Goelet
* Chrissie White
* Ellis Jeffreys
* Henrietta Watson
* Isobel Elsom
* Maud of Fife
* Pauline Chase
* Stephanie of Belgium
* Adrienne Augarde
* Edna May
* Ruth Vincent
* Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom
* Winifred Barnes
* May Leslie Stuart
# Giovanni Livraghi

Giovanni Livraghi (1819 in Milan – 8 August 1849 in Bologna) was an Italian patriot, who took part in various enterprises of Giuseppe Garibaldi, being part of the Italian legion which he founded in Montevideo in 1843 and participating, as a result, in the defense of the Roman Republic.
Captured with Ugo Bassi by the Austrians in Comacchio on 2 August 1849, he was transferred to Bologna in the evening of 7 August; considered, as Milanese and then Austrian subject, a deserter, he was shot with great haste on 8 August 1849. His story was portrayed in the 1990 Luigi Magni's film In nome del popolo sovrano, in which Luca Barbareschi played Livraghi.
# Music for the Mature B-Boy

Music for the Mature B-Boy is the first studio album by DJ Format.

## Track listing

* "Intro
* "Ill Culinary Behaviour" (featuring Abdominal)
* "We Know Something You Don't Know" (featuring Chali 2na & Akil)
* "Last Bongo In Brighton (Remix)"
* "The Hit Song" (featuring Abdominal)
* "Here Comes The Fuzz"
* "B-Boy Code Pt.2" (featuring Fatski)
* "Vicious Battle Raps" (featuring Abdominal)
* "Charity Shop Sound Clash" (featuring Aspects)
* "Little Bit Of Soul"
* "English Lesson (Remix)"

## Singles

UK singles with release dates:
* "We Know Something You Don't Know" (10 March 2003)
* "The Hit Song" (23 June 2003)
* "Vicious Battle Raps" (27 October 2003)
# Paparoa Range

The Paparoa Range is a mountain range in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island. It was the first New Zealand land seen by a European – Abel Tasman in 1642. Part of the range has the country's highest protection as a national park; the Paparoa National Park was established in 1987. Within that park, the Cave Creek disaster occurred in 1995.

## History

The Dutch explorer Abel Tasman was the first (known) European to come to New Zealand (Aotearoa), which he named Staten Landt, and he first encountered it on 13 December 1642. Tasman had 110 men under his command and was travelling with two ships, the Heemskerck and the Zeehaen. It is believed that the ships were off Punakaiki and if so, it was the Paparoa Range that they saw.
Significant coal deposits have been found in the Paparoa Range, with the Blackball Branch/Roa Incline and the Rewanui Branch railways built to provide access to the mines. Although these branch lines are now closed, they were famous for their usage of the Fell mountain railway system to aid braking for trains descending the Inclines (though this was not a full use of the Fell system like the North Island's Rimutaka Incline).
Some of the range is protected as the Paparoa National Park, which was established in 1987. Within this park, the 1995 Cave Creek disaster occurred.
Two Grey Valley residents, Trevor Johnston and Kevin Dash, became the first people to traverse the length of the Paparoa Ranges from north to south in mid-1986. They later wrote a book about the experience, Touch the Wilderness.

## Flora and fauna

Numerous species of flora and fauna are found in the Paparoa Range, as well as lower slopes and valleys below. One of the significant understory elements of the floral palette is the fern Blechnum discolor.

## Geography

It is located along the coast between the Buller and Grey Rivers, with the Inangahua River to the east. The highest peak in the Paparoa Range is Mount Uriah at 1,525 m (5,003 ft), and a number of other peaks are higher than 1,200 m (3,900 ft). The Papahaua Range north of the Buller Gorge is a geological continuation of the Paparoa Range. The southern part of the range is located in Grey District and the northern part in Buller District. Some of the peaks are on the boundary of the two districts.

## Named peaks

Many of the named peaks commemorate scientists, with this theme started by Julius von Haast. These include the Buckland Peaks (named after William Buckland), Mount Faraday (Michael Faraday; named by von Haast), Mount Curie (Marie Curie), Mount Mendel (Gregor Mendel), Mount Pasteur (Louis Pasteur), Mount Einstein (Albert Einstein), Mount Rutherford (Ernest Rutherford), Mount Euclid (Euclid), Mount Fleming (Alexander Fleming), Mount Lavoisier (Antoine Lavoisier), Mount Kelvin (William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin; named by the botanist William Trownson), Mount Copernicus (Nicolaus Copernicus), Mount Galileo (Galileo Galilei) and Mount Davy (Humphry Davy; named by von Haast).
# John Alexander Bell

John Alexander Bell (1829 – 30 August 1901) was a pastoralist and Member of the Queensland Legislative Council.

## Early life

Bell was born in County Kildare, Ireland in 1829 to Thomas Bell and his wife Sarah (née Alexander). He arrived in Queensland with his family when he was still a baby and attended The King's School, Parramatta. In 1844, along with his father and brother Joshua Bell became owners of Jimbour Station and Cumkillenbar stations on the Darling Downs.
In 1847, he had married Frances Georgina Armstrong and together had three children.

## Public life

Bell was appointed to the Queensland Legislative Council on 26 September 1866 and resigned his seat on the 21 November 1872.

## Later life

Bell died in 1901 and was buried in Ipswich General Cemetery.