OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ulmus 'Australis'

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Australis' [: southern], reputedly endemic to south-eastern France, Switzerland and Italy, is a little-known tree first described by Augustine Henry in 1913, and considered by various authorities to have been a variety of Ulmus minor or Ulmus × hollandica.
'Australis' is not to be confused with Loudon's U. glabra Huds. 'Australis', a variety of Wych Elm.

## Description

The tree is distinguished by its conspicuously and numerously veined oval leathery leaves measuring 2 inches (5.1 cm) to 3 inches (7.6 cm) in length by 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) to 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) in width and with a petiole up to .25 inches (0.64 cm) long. Henry's 1912 herbarium specimen from La Mortola, however, has a less cuspidate, field-elm type leaf.

## Cultivation

Henry described as var. australis the oldest in the lines of elms along the Cours-la-Reine in Rouen, planted in 1649 by the Duc de Longueville, several of which were still alive in 1912, having attained a height of about 90 feet (27 m). He also mentioned specimens growing in botanical gardens at Le Mans and Bordeaux. "Similar" elms growing as far south as Spizza (now Sutomore) in Dalmatia (Montenegro) he labelled var. dalmatica Baldacci, a name, however, once used at Kew for U. minor subsp. canescens.
* Rouen, Le Cours la Reine, c.1900, showing the 'Australis' mentioned by Elwes & Henry.
* Same, in their heyday, 1840s
* Same, by Camille Pissarro, 1898
An Ulmus × hollandica 'Australis' was propagated and marketed in the UK by the Hillier & Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire from 1970 to 1977 when production ceased; however none were ever sold. Hilliers considered their hybrid 'Australis' synonymous with Henry's U. minor var. italica, but Henry distinguished between the two, his var. italica having twice as many vein-pairs as his var. australis.
Neither 'Australis' is known to survive in cultivation.

## Synonymy

* Ulmus campestris (: procera Salisb.) var. australis.
* Ulmus × hollandica 'Australis': Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs, ed. 4, p. 400, 1977, name in synonymy.
* Ulmus minor 'Italica': Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs, ed. 4, p. 400, 1977, name in synonymy.
# Ulmus 'Betulaefolia Nigrescens'

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Betulaefolia Nigrescens', the Black Birch-leaved Elm, reportedly a seedling of a purplish-leaved elm, was first described by Pynaert in 1879 as U. campestris betulaefolia nigrescens. An U. campestris betulaefolia nigrescens Hort. was distributed by the Späth nursery, Berlin, in the 1890s and early 1900s.
Green considered the 1930s' cultivar U. nigricans (U. 'Nigricans') a synonym of 'Betulaefolia Nigrescens'.
The cultivar is not to be confused with Pynaert's U. campestris latifolia nigricans, described in the same 1879 publication (Green's U. 'Latifolia Nigricans').

## Description

The tree was said to have dark, birch-shaped leaves. Späth's cultivar was described as having "brownish leaves". No herbarium leaf-specimens of this cultivar are known.

## Pests and diseases

Not known.

## Cultivation

No specimens are known to survive. One tree was planted in 1897 as U. campestris betulaefolia nigrescens, the 'Black Birch-leaved Elm', at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada. Three specimens supplied by Späth to the RBGE in 1902 as U. campestris betulaefolia nigrescens may survive in Edinburgh, as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the Wentworth Elm); the current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden per se does not list the plant. A specimen of U. 'Betulaefolia Nigrescens', obtained from Späth before 1914, stood in the Ryston Hall arboretum, Norfolk, in the early 20th century. The cultivar is not known to have been introduced to Australasia.

## Putative specimen

An old, slow-growing elm on Duncan Place, Leith Links (2023), with dark browny-green leaves not dissimilar to those of some species of birch, may be one of the three Späth 'Betulaefolia Nigrescens' sent to Edinburgh in the early 20th century. It stands one tree away from the convex-leaved elm Späth sent at the same time as (erroneously) Ulmus racemosa.
* Duncan Place birch-leaved elm, summer
* Duncan Place birch-leaved elm, spring
* Duncan Place birch-leaved elm, fruit
* Duncan Place birch-leaved elm, branching
* Duncan Place birch-leaved elm, foliage
* Duncan Place birch-leaved elm, dried leaves
* Duncan Place birch-leaved elm, bark
# Ululodes floridanus

Ululodes floridanus is a species of owlfly in the tribe Ululodini. It is found in North America.
# USS Caledonia (AK-167)

USS Caledonia (AK-167) was an Alamosa-class cargo ship commissioned by the U.S. Navy for service in World War II. She was responsible for delivering troops, goods and equipment to locations in the war zone.

## Construction

The second ship to be named Caledonia by the US Navy, was launched 1 January 1945 by Kaiser Cargo, Inc., Richmond, California, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 2112; sponsored by Mrs. V. Brown; acquired by the Navy 13 March 1945; commissioned the same day and reported to the U.S. Pacific Fleet.

## Service history
### World War II Pacific Theatre operations

Assigned to a role in the Navy's gigantic logistic task of supplying military forces in the Pacific while still carrying out naval, air, and amphibious warfare, Caledonia sailed from San Francisco, California, 1 May 1945, laden with cargo for the base at Manus, where she began discharging 23 May. The cargo ship completed offloading at Samar, Philippine Islands, on 22 June, then steamed to Darwin, Australia, and Milne Bay, New Guinea, to reload supplies essentially needed in the Philippines. After offloading at Samar and Subic Bay in August and September, Caledonia made another voyage to Noumea, New Caledonia, for cargo, returning to Samar, from which she cleared 30 December for Baltimore, Maryland.

### Post-war decommissioning

Caledonia was decommissioned there 25 March 1946, and was returned to the Maritime Commission four days later.

## Merchant service

In 1947 Caledonia was sold to Bucha Godager & Co., Oslo, Norway. She was renamed Norse Captain.
In 1962 she was sold to the Philippine President Lines Inc., Manila, the Philippines. She was renamed Mabini in 1962 and then President Quezon in 1964.
In 1965 she was again sold, this time to the Seven Brothers Shipping Corp., Manila. She was again renamed, for the last time, Seven Kings. In 1980 she arrived in September at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for demolition by Li Chong Co. Ltd.
# Umberto I Shooting Range

The Umberto I Shooting Range is a firing range located in the Lazio region west of Rome, Italy. For the 1960 Summer Olympics, it hosted the pistol and rifle shooting, and the shooting part of the modern pentathlon events.
# Pogonești

Pogonești is a commune in Vaslui County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Belcești, Pogonești and Polocin. These were part of Ivești Commune until 2004, when they were split off.
# Igawilo

Igawilo is an administrative ward in the Mbeya Urban district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 19,067 people in the ward, from 17,300 in 2012.$^{:95}$$^{:119}$

## Neighborhoods

The ward has 4 neighborhoods.
* Chemchem
* Mponja
* Mwanyanje
* Sokoni
# Franklin County Courthouse (Idaho)

The Franklin County Courthouse, located at 39 W. Oneida St. in Preston in Franklin County, Idaho, was built in 1939. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
It is Art Deco in style, principally designed by Salt Lake City architect Hyrum C. Pope. It is "tall, massive, and monumental" in its village setting.
Hyrum Pope died unexpectedly of a heart attack while inspecting the construction of the building; W.F. Thomas of Pope's firm, Pope & Burton, completed the supervision of the construction.
# Spilarctia mindanao

Spilarctia mindanao is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Vladimir Viktorovitch Dubatolov and Yasunori Kishida in 2010. It is found on Mindanao in the Philippines.
# Memecylon edule

Memecylon edule is a small evergreen tree native to India especially the Deccan Plateau including most of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and parts of Tamil Nadu, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Singapore and Borneo. It is found in shores with sand or rocky soils. Common names include kaayam, delek bangas, delek air, nipis kulit ("thin-skinned" in Malay), miat, and nemaaru.

## Description
### Tree

The tree is small and grows between 3–7 metres tall; it has a thin, greyish brown bark. The leaves are ovate 3–7 centimetres long, each of its surface is very thick and leathery that the veins are hard to see.

### Flowers and fruit

The tree blooms once or twice per year. These flowers are arranged in a spiky, spherical inflorescence that people compare to the shape of a coronavirus. Each blossom is a regular hermaphrodite with petals as many as calyx lobes inserted on the mouth of its limb, its stamens are shorter in the alternate and may be seriate. As the flower petals are shed, the sand and rocks below are dusted in mauve.
The fruit is a fleshy capsule or berry with about a centimeter long, it appears green, turning red or pink, then yellow, and later black as it ripens.

## Chemistry

The leaves contain glucosides, resins, colouring pigments, gums, starches, and malic acid. They are rich in Aluminium.

## Uses

This tree is valued as an ornamental and a source of wood for construction. The twigs can be taken and rubbed its ends as a natural toothbrush.
Yellow colour dye can be extracted from the leaves and flowers, the dye is used to colour the robes of Buddhist monks. Leaves and roots are used as a medicine for dysentery and as an astringent.
# Linde Merckpoel

Linde Merckpoel (born 17 October 1984) is a Belgian vlogger and radio presenter. She was a vlogger for the Flemish public television channel Eén and a radio presenter for the Flemish radio station Studio Brussel where she was a figurehead for years.

## Biography

She was born in Hamme and grew up in Eksaare (Lokeren). Her career at VRT radio started in July 2007 at the VRT news service as a newsreader at Studio Brussel and Radio Donna. From September 2008 she became active at Studio Brussel as a radio presenter.
In the fall of 2013 she had her own late evening program on Studio Brussel: Linde Late Night, airing between 10 pm and midnight. In December she was one of the three presenters of Music for Life 2013 (Music For Life 2013). From 6 January 2014 she presented the evening program Linde Live with Joris Lenaerts as her sidekick.
During the 2015-2016 radio season, she presented the At Your Service program on Studio Brussel.
From the 2016-2017 radio season, she presented Linde Staat Op every working day morning from 6 to 9 am. She was assisted in the first two seasons by sidekick Bram Willems, and from September 2018 by Jonas Decleer.
# White-edged tree frog

The white-edged tree frog (Boana albomarginata) is a species of frog in the taxonomic family Hylidae endemic to Brazil.

## Habitat

B. albomarginata natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests. The Boana albomarginata is a species of which are arboreal but resulting from reproductive patterns, these species are commonly found in ponds and small creeks as these are desired habitats for reproduction.
# Johan Munck

Johan Munck (born 7 February 1943) is a Swedish lawyer and former President of the Supreme Court of Sweden (2007–2010). Since 2010, he is the editor of the Swedish code of laws.

## Early life and education

Johan Munck was born in Malmö, Skåne County, the adopted son of the lawyer and former mayor of Malmö Thomas Munck af Rosenschöld. He received a Candidate of Law degree from Lund University in 1966.

## Career

In 1974 he was employed as an associate judge (hovrättsassessor) at the Skåne and Blekinge Court of Appeal in Malmö. The same year he was employed at the Ministry of Justice where he served as a legal adviser (sakkunnig) until 1979, assistant undersecretary (departementsråd) and head of the criminal law unit (straffrättsenheten) from 1979 to 1983, and as director-general for legal affairs (rättschef) from 1983 to 1987. In 1987 he was appointed as Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden. On 1 February 2007, he was appointed as President of the Supreme Court following the retirement of Bo Svensson.
Johan Munck has served as a commissioner of several Swedish government commissions and committees, such as the Committee on Genetical Integrity (Kommittén om genetisk integritet), the September 11 Commission (11 september-utredningen) and the Stock Market Security Paper Commission (Värdepappersmarknadsutredningen). He has served as chairman of the Swedish Stock Market Committee (Aktiemarknadsnämnden), the Disciplinary Committee of the Stockholm Stock Exchange (Stockholmsbörsens disciplinnämnd), the Swedish Broadcasting Commission (Granskningsnämnden för Radio och TV) and the Swedish National Collections of Music (Statens musiksamlingar). From 1979 to 1988 he was a judicial assistant to the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces. He has authored several books and articles related to criminal and civil law.
He is married to Kerstin Munck (née Palmquist) and has three children. He lives with his family in Sollentuna north of Stockholm. He is an outspoken Feminist.
# Fred Mathias

Frederick William Mathias MC (7 August 1898 – 19 April 1955) was a Welsh cricketer. Mathias was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off spin. He was born at Abercynon, Glamorgan, and was educated at Clifton College.
Mathias served during World War I with the Royal Flying Corps, entering service in 1916 with the temporary rank of 2nd Lieutenant. By 1918, he was a temporary Captain. It was in 1918 that he was awarded the Military Cross for "conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty". Mathias had flown in several successful engagements, doing considerable damage. He had also completed a number of successful reconnaissance flights. Following the war he was placed in the Welsh Regiment, relinquishing his appointment on 15 February 1920. After leaving the armed forced he attended Caius College, Cambridge.
Mathias made his first-class debut for Glamorgan against Nottinghamshire at Cardiff Arms Park in the 1922 County Championship. He made 27 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University at the University Parks in 1930. In his 28 matches for Glamorgan, he scored 457 runs at an average of 11.14, with a high score of 58. This was his only half century for Glamorgan and came against Hampshire in 1929. He also made a single first-class appearance for Wales against Ireland in 1926 at Ormeau Cricket Ground, Belfast. Winning the toss and batting first, Ireland made 299 all out, during which Mathias bowled seven wicketless overs. Wales responded in their first-innings by making 455/8 declared, with Mathias scoring 65 runs before he was dismissed by Gustavus Kelly. Ireland were then dismissed in their second-innings for 266, with Mathias taking the wickets of Albert Anderson and Robert Bowers, to finish with figures of 2/23 from 7.1 overs. The match ended as a draw.
Outside of cricket he worked as a stockbroker, but also worked at Cardiff Docks. He died at Radyr, Glamorgan, on 19 April 1955. His granddaughter, Tania Mathias, became a member of parliament.
# Fred Maryanski

Fred Maryanski (June 3, 1947 – July 2, 2010), an American educator. He was the President of Nevada State College in Henderson, Nevada, part of the Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE), from February 1, 2005 until his death.

## Education

Maryanski had a bachelor's degree from Providence College, a master's degree from Stevens Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut. Besides teaching at UConn he also taught at Kansas State University.

## Career

Dr. Maryanski served as interim Provost and Academic Vice-President for Academic Affairs at the University of Connecticut prior to assuming the presidency. He contributed significantly to the creation, development and growth of Nevada State College. Dr. Maryanski was credited with guiding Nevada State College through the final stages of its accreditation process and its 509-acre (2.06 km$^2$) master plan. Under Maryanski's leadership, the college opened its first permanent building on campus. Dr. Maryanski oversaw the college's rapidly rising enrollment en route to transforming it into a respectable and viable institution of higher learning. According to the United States Senator from Nevada, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, Maryanski "meant so much to students in Nevada and made Nevada State College the great institution it is today." Dr. Maryanski died at the Nathan Adelson Hospice in Las Vegas on July 2, 2010, after a long battle with cancer. Maryanski was survived by his wife Karen, sons David and Peter, daughter Krista, and three grandchildren.
# Fred Neufeld

Fred (Friedrich) Neufeld (17 February 1869 – 18 April 1945) was a physician and bacteriologist who discovered the pneumococcal types. This discovery led Fred Griffith to show that one pneumococcal type could be transformed into another (Griffith's experiment). Subsequently, Oswald Avery demonstrated that the transforming substance was DNA. All modern molecular biology has evolved from this work.

## Early years

Neufeld was the son of a physician. He was musically talented and a gifted pianist. In 1894, Neufeld became assistant to Robert Koch. He worked with Koch on studies of tuberculosis and went to Rhodesia with Koch in 1903 to study rinderpest.

## Neufeld's discoveries

In 1900 Neufeld discovered bile solubility of pneumococci. Addition of a small amount of ox bile to a pneumococcal culture results in complete destruction of the culture after a short incubation. This unique property became widely used to diagnose pneumococcal infections. Then, using immunological techniques, Neufeld discovered that there were three pneumococcal types. In the presence of type I antiserum type I pneumococci would swell, likewise types II and III in the presence of their specific antisera. Neufeld called this the quellung reaction, after the German word for swelling. The quellung reaction allowed for easy laboratory identification of pneumococcal types. Using Neufeld’s discoveries, Fred Griffith showed that pneumococci could transfer genetic information and transform one type into another. Oswald Avery then found that the transforming substance was DNA. All of modern molecular biology has evolved from this work.

## Later life

From 1917 to 1933, Neufeld was director of the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin. He never married and lived with his mother until her death. When the Nazis came to power they immediately demoted Neufeld, although he was Protestant (Mennonite), not Jewish. Neufeld remained on the Institute staff as an "honorary member" (Ehrenmitglied) and continued to publish. In 1939 he was nominated for the Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft for his scientific achievements, but did not receive the honour until Feb. 17, 1944, his 75th birthday. Neufeld died in war torn Berlin of “Entkräftung” (wasting).
# Fredericktown-Millsboro, Pennsylvania

Fredericktown-Millsboro was a census-designated place (CDP) in East Bethlehem Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,094 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census the area was split into two CDPs, Fredericktown and Millsboro.

## Geography

The Fredericktown-Millsboro CDP was located at 39°59′42″N 79°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿39.99500°N 79.99944°W﻿ / 39.99500; -79.99944 (39.995095, -79.999370).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km$^2$), all of it land.
Both Fredericktown and Millsboro are located along the Monongahela River in the river valley. The communities and the surrounding areas are the former homes of bituminous coal mines. The topography has been somewhat altered by the addition of slate dumps: large mounds of coal byproducts have been created on the riverbanks.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,094 people, 446 households, and 290 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 624.3 people per square mile (241.0 people/km$^2$). There were 510 housing units at an average density of 291.0 per square mile (112.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.90% White, 1.01% African American, 0.27% Native American, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.37% of the population.
There were 446 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,086, and the median income for a family was $32,292. Males had a median income of $27,188 versus $17,120 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,425. About 10.0% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.
# Freedom 42

The Freedom 42 is an American sailboat, that was designed by Gary Mull and first built in 1987. The design is out of production.

## Production

The boat was built by Tillotson Pearson in the United States for Freedom Yachts.

## Design

The Freedom 42 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a free-standing fractional sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 24,000 lb (10,886 kg).
The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 102 and a hull speed of 8.42 kn (15.59 km/h).