OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khedive's Sudan Medal (1910)

The Khedive's Sudan Medal was a campaign medal awarded by the Khedivate of Egypt for service in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Established in 1911 by the Khedive, this medal replaced the earlier Khedive's Sudan Medal (1897) and was superseded by the Sudan Defence Force General Service Medal (1933).

## Award criteria

The medal was awarded for minor operations in the Sudan to members of the Egyptian Army, including Sudanese battalions. Recipients included a number of British Army officers seconded to the Egyptian Army. It was issued in silver with clasps to combatants and without a clasp to non-combatants. Camp followers, such as porters and grooms, received the medal in bronze without a clasp.
While no complete British Army unit took part in any qualifying campaign, a 48 strong British Army Maxim Gun detachment drawn from a number of different regiments received the Durfur 1916 clasp, while the medal without clasp was awarded to a camel corps company manned by the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, in reserve during this campaign. A number of members of the Royal Flying Corps received the medal with the Durfur 1916 and Fasher clasps, while about thirty members of the Royal Air Force received the Garjak Nuer clasp.

## Appearance

The medal is circular, 39 millimetres in diameter, and made of silver or bronze. The obverse bears the Arabic cypher of the Khedive, and the Hijri year of its establishment. The medal awarded in 1911 bears the cypher of Khedive Abba Hilmi, while that from 1918 shows the cypher of the Sultan Hussain Kamil. The reverse depicts a lion standing on a plinth bearing the word SUDAN with, behind, the sun rising above the flowing River Nile. The medal hangs from a straight bar suspension, the 32 millimetre wide watered ribbon being black with thin red and green stripes on each side. The medal was issued unnamed, except for a few to British recipients that were named in small impressed capitals.

## Clasps

The medal was awarded with sixteen clasps inscribed in both English and Arabic, the largest number issued with one medal being five. Bronze medals were awarded without a clasp.
* Atwot
* Southern Kerdofan 1910
* Sudan 1912
* Mandal
* Miri
* Zeraf 1913-1914
* Mongalla 1915-1916
* Durfur 1916
* Fasher
* Lau-Nuer
* Nyima 1917-1918
* Atwot 1918
* Aliab Dinka
* Garjak Nuer
* Nyala
* Darpur 1921
# Heinkel HD 22

The Heinkel HD 22 was a trainer designed in Germany during the 1920s. It was a conventional single-bay biplane with staggered wings braced with N-type interplane struts. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem, open cockpits, and the main units of the fixed, tailskid undercarriage were linked by a cross-axle.
The main producer of the type was Manfred Weiss in Hungary, which built the design to equip the Hungarian Air Force, which was at that time masquerading as civil flying clubs. Around 30 aircraft were purchased, making this the most significant user of the type.
One HD 22 was purchased by the US Army Air Corps for use by the US military attache in Germany.

## Operators
### Hungary

* Hungarian Air Force

### United States

* United States Army Air Corps

## Specifications

Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928.
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 8.3 m (27 ft 3 in)
* Upper wingspan: 12 m (39 ft 4 in)
* Lower wingspan: 10.4 m (34 ft 1 in)
* Wing area: 34.8 m$^2$ (375 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,200 kg (2,646 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,700 kg (3,748 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 400 L (110 US gal; 88 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × BMW IV 6-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine, 170 kW (230 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 204 km/h (127 mph, 110 kn)
* Landing speed: 86 km/h (53 mph; 46 kn)
* Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
* Rate of climb: 4.5 m/s (890 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 48.8 kg/m$^2$ (10.0 lb/sq ft)
* Power/mass: 0.1236 kW/kg (0.0752 hp/lb)
# Oakland Skates

The Oakland Skates were a professional roller hockey team and were a member team in Roller Hockey International (RHI) from 1993 through 1996. In 1993 the Skates were a finalist for the RHI league championship, named the Murphy Cup, for one of the league founders, Dennis Murphy, losing to the Anaheim Bullfrogs. After two mediocre seasons in 1994 and 1995 the Skates returned to the playoffs in 1996 losing to the Vancouver Voodoo.
The Skates played their home games in Oakland, California at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena from 1993 until 1995, until having to move to the Henry J. Kaiser Arena in 1996 due to the remodeling of the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum arena (now called Oakland Arena) for the Golden State Warriors. Skates majority owner Murray Simkin was unwilling to keep the Skates in their temporary home (which opened in 1914) for another season, waiting for the arena remodeling to finish and went on league "hiatus" status after the 1996 season. The team never returned to play.
The Skates qualified for the playoffs for the Murphy Cup in 1993 making it to the finals by beating St. Louis and Calgary before being swept by Anaheim in a two-game series, losing the final by a 9-4 score. In 1994 they didn't make the playoffs in the expanded league of 24 teams. The 1995 season saw a contraction of the league to 18 teams with the Skates finishing 2nd in their division (with a record of 10-10-4 after a 1-6 start) and qualifying for the playoff again but losing in the first round to the Vancouver VooDoo by a score of 10-4. Their cross bay rivals the San Jose Rhino's ended up winning the title against Montreal. In 1996, the team made it to the playoffs, but were knocked off by Vancouver for a second consecutive season, losing by a score of 12-3.
# Loi Lan

Loi Lan is a mountain of the Shan Hills. It is located in Shan State, Burma, 75 km to the south of Langhko.

## Geography

Loi Lan, meaning "Bald Hill" in the Shan language, is part of a massif with multiple peaks located near the border with Thailand, about 4 km to the west of Wān Mae Aw and 15 km to the southwest of Homein.
# Merlion Masters

The Merlion Masters was a golf tournament that was held in Singapore in 1995 and 1996. It was an event on the Asian Tour.
The Merlion Masters was hosted at Laguna National Golf and Country Club in 1995, when it was won by South African Nico van Rensburg, and the SAFRA Resort in 1996, when Singapore resident Peter Teravainen won the title in a sudden-death playoff.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up | Venue | Ref. |
| 1996 | Peter Teravainen | 278 | −10 | Playoff | Zaw Moe | SAFRA Resort | |
| 1995 | Nico van Rensburg | 279 | −9 | 1 stroke | Don Fardon | Laguna National | |
# Iris Browser

Iris Browser is a discontinued web browser for Windows Mobile smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) developed by the Torch Mobile company. The first version was released in 2008. It was one of the first mobile browsers to score a perfect 100 on the Acid3 test.
RIM acquired Torch Mobile in 2009 and discontinued Iris.

## Features

Iris is based on the WebKit rendering engine with the SquirrelFish Extreme JavaScript engine, Netscape plug-in API, and JavaScript/ECMAScript 1.5.
It has HTML and CSS support and supports SVG, XPath, and XSLT.
It supports a customizable interface and touch screen control, pop-up blockers, and XHTML 1.x mobile profile support.
It has advanced security features, advanced mobile key navigation, HTTP cache optimized for low disk usage, History Auto-Complete, and SSL and authenticated proxy support.
It also features bookmarks, which can be customized by the carrier, tabs, and customizable about pages.

## Performance

According to independent testing, Iris 1.1.5 loads pages more slowly than its closest competitor, Opera Mobile. The UI was greatly enhanced all the way up until 1.1.9 which was released on July 6, 2009.
According to testing done by Torch Mobile, Iris 1.1.2 outperformed Access NetFront 3.5 and Opera Mobile 9.5 in the SunSpider JavaScript benchmark.
# Lebeckia

Lebeckia is a genus of plants in the family Fabaceae native to the fynbos (Cape Floristic Kingdom) of South Africa. Several members of Lebeckia were recently transferred to other genera (Calobota and Wiborgiella). Members of Lebeckia are known to produce pyrrolizidine alkaloids, including ammodendrine, lebeckianine, and lupanine. The genus was named by Carl Thunberg for his student Heinrich Julius Lebeck.

## Species

Lebeckia comprises the following species:
* Lebeckia ambigua E.Mey.
* Lebeckia brevicarpa M.M.le Roux & B.-E.van Wyk
* Lebeckia brevipes M.M.le Roux & B.-E.van Wyk
* Lebeckia contaminata (L.) Thunb.
* Lebeckia gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh.
* Lebeckia grandiflora Benth.
* Lebeckia longipes Bolus
* Lebeckia marginata E. Mey.
* Lebeckia meyeriana Eckl. and Zeyh.
* Lebeckia pauciflora Eckl. & Zeyh.
* Lebeckia plukenetiana E.Mey.
* Lebeckia schlechteriana Schinz (unplaced)
* Lebeckia sepiaria (L.) Thunb.
* Lebeckia uniflora B.-E.van Wyk & M.M.le Roux
* Lebeckia wrightii (Harv.) Bolus
* Lebeckia zeyheri M.M.le Roux & B.-E.van Wyk
# Harpalus angustitarsis

Harpalus angustitarsis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Reitter in 1877.
# Krøkjebreen

Krøkjebreen ("The Bent Glacier") is a glacier in Torell Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of nine kilometers. Krøkjebreen is part of the Liestølbreen glacier complex, situated between the mountains of Arrheniusfjellet and Wijkberget.
# Logir people

The Logir are a Nilotic ethnic group numbering a few thousand people living in Eastern Equatoria state, South Sudan. They speak a dialect of the Original otuho language and their language is the most grammatical and richest language interms of words among any other Otuho speakers.
The Logir are part of the Eastern Nilotes who were originally staying in the present land Ethiopia, precisely on an area on top of Lake Turkana. They then moved to South Sudan after being displaced by the Oromia of Ethiopia. They came to stay at their present place north of Uganda, where they encountered the Madi people.
# Jonas Algirdas Antanaitis

Jonas Algirdas Antanaitis (19 August 1921 – 7 September 2018) was a Lithuanian politician who was a long-term member of the Seimas.

## Biography

Antanaitis was born in Rimšiniai village, Pakruojis district, Lithuania on 19 August 1921. He studied engineering at Vytautas Magnus University.
After the Soviet Union occupied and annexed Lithuania, Antanaitis was a member of the resistance. He was arrested in 1944 and deported to Siberia. He returned to Lithuania in 1954, working as an engineer.
In 1995, Antanaitis became a member of the Sixth Seimas through the electoral list of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania.
# Pallavolo Torino

CUS Torino Pallavolo was a professional men's volleyball team based in Turin, Italy. It is one of the most famous clubs which played in Serie A1 in the 1970s and in the 1980s, winning several Italian and European trophies.

## History

Founded in 1952 by the students who joined sports club of the University of Turin, CUS reached the highest level of Italian volleyball league in 1972.
Guided by Silvano Prandi and sponsored by industries Klippan and Kappa, the club in the next decade won four national titles (1978–79, 1979–80, 1990–81 and 1983–84), a CEV Champions League (1980) and a Cup Winner's Cup.
In 1988, for economic reasons, it did not enroll at Serie A1 and restarted from the lower divisions. In 2001 the team merged into Piemonte Volley. Its heredity is today carried on by another club, Pallavolo Torino.

## Sources and references

* Pallavolo Torino official site
* Volleyball @ custorino.it
# Live Oak

Live Oak may refer to:

## Localities in the United States

* Live Oak, Santa Cruz County, California, a census-designated place
* Live Oak, Sutter County, California, an incorporated city
* Live Oak, Florida, an incorporated city
* Live Oak (Weyanoke, Louisiana), plantation house and site listed on the NRHP in Louisiana
* Live Oak, South Carolina, a census-designated place
* Live Oak, Texas, an incorporated city
* Live Oak County, Texas

## High schools in the United States

* Live Oak High School (Morgan Hill, California)
* Live Oak High School (Louisiana), in Watson

## Other

* Live Oak Brewing Company, a craft brewery located in Austin, Texas
* LIVE OAK (planning group), the code name for a military planning group during the Cold War
* Live Oak Library, a LA County Library branch in Arcadia, California
# Chen Fang

Chen Fang is the name of:
* Chun Afong or Chen Fang (陳芳), Qing ambassador to the Kingdom of Hawaii
* Chen Fang (sport shooter) (陈放; b. 1983), Chinese sport shooter
# Merrilees

Merrilees may refer to
* Merrilees Parker (born 1971), British television presenter
* Duncan Merrilees (1922–2009), Australian geologist, palaeontologist and lecturer
* Kieran Merrilees (born 1989), Scottish badminton player
* Meg Merrilees, fictional character in Guy Mannering (1815)
* Peta Merrilees (born 1982), Australian cricketer
* William Merrilees (1898–1984), Scottish policeman
# Harpalus anisodactyliformis

Harpalus anisodactyliformis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Solsky in 1874.
# OEB

OEB may refer to:
* The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge
* Online Educa Berlin, an annual conference on technology-supported learning
* Online Egyptological Bibliography
* Ontario Energy Board, which regulates natural gas and electricity utilities in Ontario
* Open eBook, an e-book format
* Open English Bible, a Bible translation
* Operation Engineering Bulletin, a type of Aircraft flight manual
* KOPB-TV or Oregon Educational Broadcasting, a public television station
* Branch County Memorial Airport's FAA location identifier
* Oil Equivalent Barrel, unit of energy released by burning one barrel of crude oil
* Octavia E. Butler, an American science-fiction author
# Men of war

Men of war or Men o' war may refer to:
* Men of War, a video game series
** Men of War (video game), a 2009 video game part of the series
* Men of War (film), a 1994 film starring Dolph Lundgren
* Men of War a 1993 novel by Jerry Pournelle
* Men of War (comics), a series of comic books published by DC Comics
* Lexington Men O' War, a defunct professional ice hockey team
* Men O' War, a 1929 short film
# Out Islands

The Out Islands are the islands that make up the Bahamas with the exception of New Providence Island, where the capital and largest city, Nassau, is located, and Grand Bahama Island, where Freeport is located. The Abaco Islands and Eleuthera islands are among the Out Islands.
The Out Islands are also referred to as the Family Islands, a term adopted in the 1970s. There are approximately 700 Out Islands, of which only a small number are inhabited.

## History and population

A History of the Bahamian People notes that even as Nassau became a more important port, "the majority of the Out Islands remained fixed in the age of sail well into the twentieth century." A significant number of American Loyalists fleeing from the Revolution migrated to the Bahamas (including the Out Islands), along with their slaves, profoundly influencing the islands' history.
Specifically, some 300 white families (owning an estimated 5,000 slaves) fled from East Florida to New Providence; among these, the majority of the whites stayed on New Providence, while two-thirds of the slaves went to the previously undeveloped Out Islands. A History of the Bahamian People notes that the Out Islands were historically "a miniature replica of Nassau's socialeconomic system based on race, differential wealth, and economic power" with some settlements being inhabited entirely by Afro-Bahamians, others by white Bahamians, and others by mixed communities generally dominated by whites.
In 1980, a Cuban MiG fighter jet attacked a Bahamian patrol boat, the HMBS Flamingo, in the Out Islands, killing four Bahamian marines. Survivors of the attack came ashore on Ragged Island. The Cuban government maintained that it had mistaken the ship for a pirate vessel. The incident greatly angered Bahamians, and Cuba later issued an apology and reparations.

## Economy and demographics

The Out Islands are more sparsely inhabited and less economically developed than New Providence and Grand Bahama. The most populous of the Out Islands are Abaco, Andros, and Eleuthera; the Out Islands tend to be less populous as one moves southward.
Poverty has historically been high in the Out Islands, given the small size of the islands and the lack of natural resources. In 2013, the Bahamas Department of Statistics reported a poverty rate of 17.16% in the Out Islands, compared to 12.58% in Nassau and 9.69% in Grand Bahama.
At the beginning of the 20th century, more than 75% of all Bahamians lived in the Out Islands; by the 1970s, two-thirds of all Bahamians lived in Nassau or elsewhere on New Providence Island. This dramatic population shift was related to a lack of stable job market in the Out Islands; only pineapple cultivation and salt-raking provided steady wage jobs, and only on a few islands. Today, tourism is economically significant in the Out Islands; beaches, snorkeling, and scuba diving are the principal tourist draws. A 2017 academic study reported that the relative economic importance of shark diving was greater in the Out Islands than elsewhere in the Bahamas.
# List of Nebraska state symbols

The following is a list of official symbols of the U.S. state of Nebraska, listed in the order adopted by the Nebraska Legislature:

## State symbols

| Type | Symbol | Year |
| Motto | Equality Before the Law | 1867 |
| Seal | The Seal of Nebraska | 1867 |
| Flower | Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) | 1895 |
| Poet laureate | John Neihardt | 1921 |
| Flag | A blue background with the seal of Nebraska superimposed on the center. | 1925 |
| Bird | Western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) | 1929 |
| Nickname | Cornhusker State | 1945 |
| Symbol | A covered wagon pulled by a pair of oxen. | 1963 |
| Slogan | "Welcome to NEBRASKAland where the West begins" | 1963 |
| Fossil | Mammoth | 1967 |
| Gemstone | Blue agate | 1967 |
| Rock | Prairie agate | 1967 |
| Song | "Beautiful Nebraska" | 1967 |
| Grass | Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) | 1969 |
| Tree | Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) | 1972 |
| Insect | Honeybee (Apis mellifera) | 1975 |
| Soil | Holdrege series | 1979 |
| Mammal | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) | 1981 |
| Poet laureate | William Kloefkorn | 1982 |
| Fish | Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) | 1997-09-13 |
| American folk dance | Square dance | 1997-09-19 |
| Ballad | "A Place Like Nebraska" | 1997-10-09 |
| Baseball capital | St. Paul (historic) Wakefield | 1997-10-09 |
| Village of lights | Cody | 1997-12-11 |
| River | Platte River | 1998-02-26 |
| Soft drink | Kool-Aid | 1998-05-21 |
| Beverage | Milk | 1998-09-10 |
# John B. Gambling

John Bradley Gambling (April 9, 1897 – November 21, 1974) was an American radio personality. He was a member of the Gambling family, 3 generations of whom—John B., John A. and John R.—were hosts of WOR Radio's (New York City, 710 AM) morning show Rambling with Gambling (now known as The John Gambling Show) over the course of over 75 years (1925–2000 and 2008–present).

## Early years

As an adolescent in Cambridge, England, Gambling studied horticulture, planning to make a career in that field. Later, he joined the merchant marine and "became chief operator on the big passenger ships."

## Radio

John B. was the host from 1925 to 1959, when he retired in favor of his son, John A. Gambling. With his Musical Clock, his all-in-fun setting-up exercises, cheerio music, wheezy gags, weather information and news scraps, John B. Gambling was a WOR fixture. Once he was a British seaman on a World War I mine sweeper.
John Gambling had a band, and provided live music, including the "March of the Seven Dwarfs," every morning at 7 am sharp.
Gambling bought a home in Teaneck, New Jersey in 1929.
# Helsingør Dagblad

Helsingør Dagblad is a Danish language local newspaper based in Helsingør, Denmark. Founded in 1867 it is one of the oldest newspapers in the country.

## History and profile

Helsingør Dagblad was established by Henrik Donatzky, a publisher, in 1867. The paper is part of North Media and is published by Søndagsavisen A/S which is also the publisher of Søndagsavisen. It was formerly published by the Helsingør Dagblad A/S Group. Søndagsavisen A/S had a stake in the company until 2009 when it purchased the company from Dansk AvisTryk A/S. The paper is published in North Zealand.
In 2013 Helsingør Dagblad and Swedish local paper Helsingborgs Dagblad initiated a cooperation to share their sources, but the project was ended soon due to the financial problems. In March 2017 Dorthe Carlsen was appointed director of the paper, replacing Svein Gilbu in the post.
# OEC

OEC may refer to:

## Finance

* The Observatory of Economic Complexity, a data visualization site
* Ordre des Experts-Comptables, French association of chartered accountants

## Transportation

* Orion Expedition Cruises, Australian based luxury expedition cruise line
* Otis Elevator Company, an American company that manufactures vertical transportation systems
* Osborn Engineering Company, known as OEC, an historic British former manufacturer of motorcycles
* OEConnection, an American company that provides B2B solutions, connecting Automotive Manufacturers, Dealers and Collision & Repair shops

## Other

* Odd Eye Circle, a South Korean girl group
* Offshore Energy Center, sponsor of the Ocean Star Offshore Drilling Rig & Museum in Galveston, Texas, United States
* Old Earth creationism, a term for several types of creationism
* Olfactory ensheathing cells, a type of glial cell found in the nervous system
* Oregon Environmental Council, an American environmental organization
* Orissa Engineering College, a technical institution in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
* Outdoor Emergency Care, a course for certification of first aid in non-urban situations
* Overseas Employment Certificate, an identity document in the Philippines
* Oxford English Corpus, an English text corpus
* Oxygen evolving complex, a water oxidizing enzyme
* .OEC, the file format for OE-Cake!, a fluid physics software application
# Long-tailed armored tree-rat

The long-tailed armored tree-rat (Makalata macrura), is a spiny rat species from South America. It is found in Brazil, with a population in Ecuador which is referable either to this species or to Makalata didelphoides. Initially considered a large form of the latter species, it actually represents a distinct species as supported by morphological and molecular characters.
The etymology of the species name derives from the two ancient greek words μακρός (makrós), meaning "long", and οὐρά (ourá), meaning "animal tail".