OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Gwyn Elger

Thomas Gwyn Empy Elger FRAS (27 October 1836 – 9 January 1897) was a British selenographer and one of the preeminent lunar observers of the Victorian age, best known for his lunar map, which was regarded as one of the best available until the 1960s. He was the first director of the Lunar Section of the British Astronomical Association (BAA), and is remembered by the lunar crater Elger.

## Biography

Thomas Elger was born on 27 October 1836 in Bedford, where his family had been established for several generations, and educated at Bedford School. His father Thomas Gwyn Elger (1794 – 1841) was an architect and builder. Grandfather, father and son engaged in town politics, and all held the post of mayor.
Elger studied at University College London and adopted the profession of a civil engineer. He was engaged in several important works, including the Metropolitan Railway and the Severn Valley Railway. However, his surveys for railway construction in Holstein were put to a stop by the war with Prussia and Austria in 1864.
Soon afterwards he relinquished the active pursuit of his profession and devoted himself to scientific studies. He had developed a strong taste for astronomy already at an early age and erected his first observatory in Bedford.
Elger observed with an 8.5-inch reflector. His sketches from 1884 to 1896 are now in the possession of the BAA. He is best known as a careful and indefatigable selenographer, and for this work his artistic skill eminently qualified him.
He is most remembered for his book The Moon: A full Description and Map of its Principal Physical Features. Published in 1895, its maps are still highly regarded by lunar observers due to their uncluttered nature.
The visual brightness of lunar features is expressed in the Elger's Lunar Albedo Scale. This scale had been established in 1791 by the German astronomer Johann Hieronymus Schröter and popularized by Elger.
Elger was a member of several astronomical associations, and he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society on 10 February 1871. He was a founding member of the short-lived Selenographical Society, in 1878, President of the Liverpool Astronomical Society, and a founding member of the British Astronomical Association, in 1890, becoming the first director of its Lunar Section. He was appointed an associate of the Astronomical Society of Wales, a form of honorary membership. Besides his astronomical work, he was an ardent archaeologist and founded the Bedfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club.
Thomas Gwyn Elger died on 9 January 1897, aged 60, and the lunar crater Elger was named in his honour in 1912.
# Thomas Chitty (disambiguation)

Thomas Chitty was a lawyer.
Thomas Chitty may also refer to:
* Thomas Chitty (Lord Mayor of London), Lord Mayor of London
* Sir Thomas Chitty, 1st Baronet (1855–1930), of the Chitty baronets
* Sir (Thomas) Henry Willes Chitty, 2nd Baronet (1891–1955), of the Chitty baronets
* Sir Thomas Chitty, 3rd Baronet (1926–2014), novelist
# Im Namen der Liebe

Im Namen der Liebe (transl. In the Name of Love) is a studio album by German singer Marianne Rosenberg. It was released by Telamo Musik on 13 March 2020 in German-speaking Europe. The album debuted and peaked at number one on the German Albums Chart, becoming Rosenberg's first album to do so.

## Track listing

All tracks produced by Alex Wende.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref(s) |
| Various | 13 March 2020 | CDdigital download | Telamo Musik | |
# Ihanga

Ihanga is a town and ward in Njombe Urban District in the Njombe Region of the Tanzanian Southern Highlands.
# Imekanu

Imekanu (イメカヌ, November 10, 1875 – April 6, 1961), also known by her Japanese name Kannari Matsu (金成 マツ), was an Ainu missionary and epic poet. Along with her niece, Yukie Chiri, she wrote down and preserved numerous Ainu yukar she learned from her mother.

## Life and work

Imekanu belonged to an Ainu family of Horobetsu in Iburi Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan. She began to learn her repertoire of Ainu poetry from her mother, Monashinouku, a seasoned teller of Ainu tales who spoke very little Japanese. After converting to Christianity, Imekanu worked for many years for the Anglican Church in Japan as a lay missionary under the missionary John Batchelor, well known for his publications on Ainu language and culture. Batchelor introduced Imekanu to Kindaichi Kyōsuke, the most prominent Japanese scholar in this field, in 1918.
After retiring from missionary work in 1926, Imekanu began to write down yukar known to her from Ainu tradition and continued to do so until her death. These texts in the Horobetsu dialect of Ainu amounted to 20,000 pages in 134 volumes. 72 of these volumes were destined for Kindaichi and 52 volumes for Imekanu's nephew Chiri Mashiho, a researcher specializing in Ainu linguistics.
Chiri Yukie, Imekanu's niece and Chiri Mashiho's sister, grew up with Monashinouku and Imekanu, and she learned many of the Ainu yukar along with them. She wrote down thirteen yukar from this tradition, translated them into Japanese, and prepared a bilingual edition which appeared in 1923. This was the first publication of Ainu traditions by an Ainu author. Three of these yukar later appeared in English translation, alongside works by others, in Donald L. Philippi's Songs of Gods, Songs of Humans (1979).
Kindaichi published Imekanu's version of the epic Kutune Shirka, alongside a version by Nabesawa Wakarpa, with commentary, in his two-volume study of the Ainu yukar in 1931. He published a seven-volume collection of Imekanu's epics, with his own Japanese translations, in 1959–1966.
# Thomas Duffield (disambiguation)

Thomas Duffield (1782–1854) was a Tory politician.
Thomas Duffield may also refer to:
* Thomas Duffield (academic), Master of University College, Oxford
* Thomas Duffield (died 1579) (1493–1579), MP for East Grinstead
# Thomas Flint

Thomas Flint may refer to:
* Thomas Barnard Flint (1847–1919), Canadian lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia
* Thomas Flint (philosopher), adherent of Molinism
* Thomas Flint, co-founder of Irvine Company
* Thomas Flint Sr. and Thomas Flint Jr., figures in the history of Middleton, Massachusetts
# Thomas Flood

Thomas Flood may refer to:
* Thomas S. Flood (Medal of Honor) (1840–?), American Civil War sailor and Medal of Honor recipient
* Thomas H. Flood (1804–1873), Delegate and Senator to the General Assembly of Virginia
* Thomas S. Flood (politician) (1844–1908), U.S. Representative from New York
* Thomas Flood (astronomer) (1919–1988), Scottish amateur astronomer
* Tom Flood (born 1955), Australian novelist
* Tom Flood (footballer) (fl. 1909–1918), Scottish footballer
* Tim Flood (baseball) (Thomas Timothy Flood, 1877–1929), American baseball player
# Thomas Mason (apparel)

Thomas Mason is a British shirting brand founded in 1796 and currently owned by Albini Group of Albino, Bergamo.
Thomas Mason fabric mill was one of the first factories to manufacture cotton shirt fabrics. Thomas Mason has collaborated with Brooks Brothers, J. Crew, and Todd Snyder. Thomas Mason was bought by the Albini Group in 1992.
# Inclusion and exclusion criteria

In a clinical trial, the investigators must specify inclusion and exclusion criteria for participation in the study.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria define the characteristics that prospective subjects must have if they are to be included in a study. Although there is some unclarity concerning the distinction between the two, the ICH E3 guideline on reporting clinical studies suggests that
* Inclusion criteria concern properties of the target population, defining the population to which the study's results should be generalizable. Inclusion criteria may include factors such as type and stage of disease, the subject’s previous treatment history, age, sex, race, ethnicity.
* Exclusion criteria concern properties of the study sample, defining reasons for which patients from the target population are to be excluded from the current study sample. Typical exclusion criteria are defined for either ethical reasons (e.g., children, pregnant women, patients with psychological illnesses, patients who are not able or willing to sign informed consent), to overcome practical issues related to the study itself (e.g., not being able to read, when questionnaires are used for assessment of outcomes), or to eliminate factors that may limit the interpretability of study results (e.g., comorbidities). Exclusion criteria may lead to biases in the study's results.

## Exclusion criteria

Poorly Justified Reasons for Exclusion:
* Any criteria unless the condition or intervention is specific to the criterion, or the criterion has a direct bearing on condition/intervention/results.
Strongly Justified Reasons for Exclusion:
* Unable to provide informed consent
* Placebo or intervention would be harmful
* Lack of equipoise (intervention harmful)
* Effect of intervention difficult to interpret
Potentially Justified Reasons for Exclusion
* Individual may not adhere
* Individual may not complete follow up
* Individuals do not have reliable information

## Example of inclusion and exclusion criteria

Coronary Heart Disease
Include criteria:
* Minimum outcomes: coronary deaths & non-fatal myocardial infarction
* Appropriate measures of Framingham variables (Age, sex, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, diabetes, smoking status, hypertension)
* Cohort, nested case-control, cardiovascular trial follow-up study (or systematic review or meta-analysis of these study types) that measures a novel risk factor and estimates its predictive value after adjusting for Framingham variables
Exclude criteria:
* No data
* Population or sub-population with known coronary disease or coronary disease equivalent (e.g., diabetes)
* Does not include minimum outcomes
* Does not measure Framingham variables appropriately
* Wrong study design/article format
A lesser studied form of exclusion criteria involves an absence of racial, ethnic, or sexual diversity that results in clinical trials that do not reflect the US population. A recent systematic review of the literature of hearing loss in adults, while representative of the US population in terms of sex, does not adequately represent racial or ethnic diversity.
# In Country (album)

In Country is a 1992 compilation album from Swedish pop and country singer Kikki Danielsson.

## Track listing

* "Listen to a Country Song"
* "Talking in Your Sleep"
* "Walk on By"
* "Stand by Your Man"
* "Sweet Little You"
* Nine to Five (9 to 5)
* "U.S. of America"
* "Cowboy Yodel Song"
* "Diggy Diggy Lo"
* "Good Year for the Roses"
* Good Year for the Roses
* Stagger Lee
* Texas when I Die
* Take Me to the Pilot
* "Nashville, Tennessee"

## Contributing musicians

* vocals, Kikki Danielsson
* Kjell Öhman, piano
* Rutger Gunnarsson, bass
* Roger Palm, Ola Brunkert, drums
* Hasse Rosén, guitar, dobro
# In Crocodile Land

In Crocodile Land is a 1946 Australian book by Ion Idriess about life in the Northern Territory.
# Thomas Charles Wageman

Thomas Charles Wageman (1787 – 20 June 1863) was a British painter, engraver and author. He was known as a prolific portrait artist.
Wageman was a founder of the New Society of Painters in Water-Colours in 1831 together with William Cowen, James Fudge, Thomas Maisey, O. F. Phillips, J. Powell and W. B. S. Taylor.

## Works

Wageman painted many portraits that were turned into engravings, and was an engraver in his own right.
Some of his portraits and prints are held in the national collections of the United Kingdom. His 1828 Autolycus from The Winter’s Tale, is in the Victoria and Albert Museum. His portrait of Thomas Stothard is in the National Gallery. His portrait of the Irish actress Charlotte Mardyn is in the Royal Collection.
He illustrated Travels through Russia, Siberia, Poland, Cracow, Austria, Bohemia, Saxony, Prussia, Hanover ... undertaken during the years 1822, 1823, 1824, while suffering from total blindness, comprising an account of the author being conducted a state prisoner from the eastern parts of Siberia. by James Holman (London, Smith, Elder, and Co., 3rd ed 1834), among many other volumes

## Published works

* The military costume of Turkey : illustrated by a series of engravings, from drawings made on the spot. 1818, with John Heaviside Clark, pub T. M'Lean.
# Thomas Charlton Henry

Thomas Charlton Henry (25 March 1887 – 24 January 1936) was an American philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1929.
# Thomas Charlton (bishop)

Thomas Charlton (died 11 January 1344) was Bishop of Hereford, Lord High Treasurer of England, Lord Privy Seal, and Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He is buried in Hereford Cathedral in Hereford, Herefordshire, England.

## Family

Charlton was born near Wellington, Shropshire, younger son of Robert de Charleton of Apley, a small landowner. Thomas' eldest brother was John Charleton, 1st Baron Cherleton, who became a statesman of some importance. Both brothers were in the household of Edward II, and Thomas received numerous ecclesiastical preferments.
The executors of his will were: Alan Cherleton, knight, John Cherleton, junior, knight; William de Sheynton, Richard de Sydenhale, Henry Shipton, Adam Esger and Alan Venyse.

## Appointments

Charlton was Lord Privy Seal from 1316 to 1320.
Charlton was nominated to be Bishop of Hereford on 25 September 1327 and consecrated on 18 October 1327.

## In Ireland

In 1337 his brother John was appointed Justiciar of Ireland, and Thomas accompanied him to Ireland as Lord Chancellor. He was charged by the English Crown to inquire into the perceived inadequacy and corruption of the Irish courts of common law and was authorised to remove the Irish judges and appoint English replacements. His mission does not seem to have been a success, as most of the existing judges, notably the notoriously corrupt Simon Fitz-Richard, the Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas, fought off all attempts to replace them. John resigned as justiciar in 1338, following a dispute, and Thomas moved from the Chancellorship to the position of custos rotulorum for Ireland.
Charlton was also Lord High Treasurer from 2 July 1328 until 16 September 1329.

## Citations

* 1 2 Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 250
* ↑ 1349; Plea rolls of the court of Common Pleas; CP40/358; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/E3/CP40no358/cCP40no358mm101dtoEnd/IMG_8453.htm
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 93
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 105
# Independent contractor (disambiguation)

An Independent contractor is a type of worker.
Independent contractor may also refer to:
* Independent contracting in the United States
* Independent Contractors Australia
* Misclassification of employees as independent contractors
# Thomas Fagan (psychologist)

Thomas Kevin Fagan (born February 25, 1943) is Professor and Director of the School MA/EdS Program in the Department of Psychology at the University of Memphis.
# Thomas Fagan (priest)

Thomas Fagan CM (1912–2001), was an Irish Vincentian priest, who served as President of All Hallows College, Dublin from 1961 until 1970, he also served as titular rector of the Irish College in Paris in the 1970s.
Born in Oldcastle, Co. Meath, Fagan was educated at the Vincentian Castleknock College, in Dublin, where he was part of the Rugby Leinster Cup-winning team. He proceeded to train as a priest of the order in Dublin. Following ordination in the Pro-Cathedral, Dublin, he was appointed in 1937 to the Irish College in Paris, to teach philosophy, which was administered by the Vincentians, where he was appointed dean in 1938. He also studied philosophy at the Institut Catholique de Paris. Following the outbreak of war he returned to Dublin, and to All Hallows, where he was to work from 1939 until 1970, serving as Dean, Bursar and vice-president, before serving as president.
In 1970 he was appointed to St. Peter's in Phibsboro, as superior and later parish priest, and was attached to the parish for the rest of his life, with a short break as a priest in Cabra.
In 1972 he was appointed Rector of the Irish College in Paris, succeeding Dr. Patrick Travers CM and also the liaison with the French Government for the administration of the college succeeding Fr. William McGlynn. Since the college was now a seminary for Polish priests, the role was administrative, he was a non-resident titular superior. In 1978, under his rectorship, the Irish College celebrated its fourth centenary, with many connected with the college in attendance, as well as academics from Irish universities, the recently appointed chaplain Fr. Liam Swords, and Fagan's eventual successor as Rector Fr Devlin, who were involved in the events, over the years moved to reestablish the Irish presence at the College and move it to be of utility for more Cultural events.
He died on 2 October 2001, his funeral was held in St. Peters Phibsoro, and is buried in All Hallows College Cemetery.
The Fr. Thomas Fagan C.M. Medal for Academic Excellence was awarded to students in All Hallows.
# Thomas Stewardson

Thomas Stewardson (August 1781 – 1859) was a British portrait painter.
Stewardson was born at Kendal in August 1781, the son of John and Anne Stewardson, who were from a Quaker family at Ullsmoor, near Shap in Westmoreland.
He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London.

## Literary references

Letitia Elizabeth Landon produced the poem Portrait of a Girl, in the British Gallery, by T. Stewardson as part of her Poetical Catalogue of Pictures in the Literary gazette, 1823. This is probably Stewardson's Portrait of a Girl (traditionally identified as Lady Catherine Powlett, Countess of Darlington). She also includes a poem on A Child Screening a Dove from a Hawk. in her Poetical Sketches of Modern Pictures within her 1825 collection, The Troubadour.
# Inarbari Jyutahi

Inarbari Jyutahi is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4193 people living in 775 individual households.
# Independence Cup (Gozo)

The Independence Cup was a football competition that took place in Gozo, Malta, and that was organised by the Gozo Football Association.
This competition was played on a knock-out basis between the clubs of the First Division. The first Independence Cup took place in the season 1964–1965 — that is the same year that Malta gained its independence and the last edition was held during the 2012–2013 season. Generally the final was held on the Independence Day – that is 21 September.

## Format

Six teams of the First Division were chosen by lot to participate in the preliminary round. The winning three teams would join the remaining team and would participate in the semi-finals of the competition.

## Cup Winners

Here is a complete list of the past champions of the Independence Cup.
* 2012–2013 Nadur Youngsters
* 2011–2012 Xewkija Tigers
* 2010–2011 SK Victoria Wanderers
* 2009–2010 Victoria Hotspurs
* 2008–2009 Victoria Hotspurs
* 2007–2008 Nadur Youngsters
* 2006–2007 Nadur Youngsters
* 2005–2006 Nadur Youngsters
* 2004–2005 Nadur Youngsters
* 2003–2004 Xewkija Tigers
* 2002–2003 Ghajnsielem
* 2001–2002 Nadur Youngsters
* 2000–2001 Xewkija Tigers
* 1999–2000 Żebbuġ Rovers
* 1998–1999 Sannat Lions
* 1997–1998 Victoria Hotspurs
* 1996–1997 Sannat Lions
* 1995–1996 Nadur Youngsters
* 1994–1995 Nadur Youngsters
* 1993–1994 Nadur Youngsters
* 1992–1993 Xewkija Tigers
* 1991–1992 Xagħra United
* 1990–1991 Xagħra United
* 1989–1990 Nadur Youngsters
* 1988–1989 Xagħra United
* 1987–1988 Ghajnsielem
* 1986–1987 was not held
* 1985–1986 was not held
* 1984–1985 was not held
* 1983–1984 was not held
* 1982–1983 was not held
* 1981–1982 was not held
* 1980–1981 was not held
* 1979–1980 was not held
* 1978–1979 was not held
* 1977–1978 was not held
* 1976–1977 was not held
* 1975–1976 was not held
* 1974–1975 was not held
* 1973–1974 was not held
* 1972–1973 was not held
* 1971–1972 Ghajnsielem
* 1970–1971 Ghajnsielem
* 1969–1970 Ghajnsielem
* 1968–1969 was not held
* 1967–1968 Nadur Youngsters
* 1966–1967 was not held
* 1965–1966 Ghajnsielem
* 1964–1965 Victoria Hotspurs
| Club | Times |
| Nadur Youngsters | 11 |
| Ghajnsielem | 6 |
| Victoria Hotspurs | 4 |
| Xewkija Tigers | 4 |
| Xagħra United | 3 |
| Sannat Lions | 2 |
| Żebbuġ Rovers | 1 |
| SK Victoria Wanderers | 1 |
# Devil's claw

Devil's claw may refer to:

## Plants

* Harpagophytum species, native to Southern Africa and a herbal medicine
* some Pisonia species are known as "devil's-claws"
* Proboscidea species native to the southwestern United States and Mexico which produce a characteristic hooked seed pod.
* Senegalia greggii, a tree native to North America
* Martynia, a plant native to the desert regions of North America

## Other

* Devil's claw (nautical), a metal hook for grabbing a ship's anchor chain
* The Devils Claw Formation, a geologic formation in British Columbia, Canada
* Devils Claw Mountain, a mountain in the Skeena Mountains in Canada
# Spuk aus der Gruft

Spuk aus der Gruft is a German television series.
# Liggett

Liggett may refer to:

## People

* Hunter Liggett (1857–1935), American general
* Jacob N. Liggett (1829–1912), Virginia politician
* Louis K. Liggett (1875–1946), founder of Rexall drug stores
* Myron T. Liggett (1930–2017), American folk sculptor
* Thomas Milton Liggett (1944–2020), American mathematician
* Phil Liggett (born 1943), English bicycling commentator
* Walter Liggett (1886–1935), American journalist

## Places

* Liggett, Indiana, an unincorporated community in Vigo County
* Liggett, Colorado, an unincorporated community in Boulder County
* Liggett Lake, a small reservoir in Union County, Ohio
** Liggett Lake Dam, the dam that creates the lake

## Companies

* Liggett Group, tobacco company
* Liggett's, company-owned (non-franchised) drugstores of the United Drug Company

## Education

* University Liggett School
# List of Australian Paralympic wheelchair tennis medalists

Wheelchair tennis first entered the Summer Paralympic Games in 1988 as a demonstration sport. Australia has competed at every Paralympic wheelchair tennis competition.

## Medalists

As of the 2008 Games.
| Athlete | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| David Hall | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| Mick Connell | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Daniela Di Toro | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Branka Pupovac | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| David Johnson | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Anthony Bonaccurso | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

## Summer Games
### 1988

Australia won a silver medal.
| Medal | Name | Event |
| Silver | Mick Connell | Men's singles |

### 1996

Australia won 1 silver and 1 bronze medal.
| Medal | Name | Event |
| Silver | David Hall, Mick Connell | Men's doubles |
| Bronze | David Hall | Men's singles |

### 2000

Australia won 1 gold and 2 silver medals.
| Medal | Name | Event |
| Gold | David Hall | Men's singles |
| Silver | Daniela Di Toro, Branka Pupovac | Women's doubles |
| Silver | David Hall, David Johnson | Men's doubles |

### 2004

Australia won 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals.
| Medal | Name | Event |
| Silver | David Hall | Men's singles |
| Bronze | David Hall, Anthony Bonaccurso | Men's doubles |
| Bronze | Daniela Di Toro | Women's singles |
# Wilson–Patterson Conservatism Scale

The Wilson–Patterson Conservatism Scale (abbreviated W–P conservatism scale) is a widely used survey instrument intended to measure respondents' political ideology in terms of liberalism and conservatism. It is named after Glenn Wilson and John Patterson, who developed the scale and first described it in a 1968 paper. Many alternative, shorter versions of the scale have been proposed and used since the initial form was developed, and the scale itself has changed its format and questions since it was first created. Among the most common scales used to measure respondents' conservatism is the Wilson–Patterson Attitude Inventory, a modified version of the original W–P scale proposed by Wilson himself in 1975.
# Unzmarkt-Frauenburg

Unzmarkt-Frauenburg is a municipality in the district of Murtal in Styria, Austria.