OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crenadactylus horni

Crenadactylus horni, the Central Uplands clawless gecko, is a species of gecko endemic to the central desert region of Australia.

## Taxonomy

A species proposed by Arthur H. S. Lucas and Charles Frost, given the name Ebenavia horni to ally the taxon to a clawless gecko species found in Madagascar, basing their description on material collected on the Horn expedition to central Australia. The taxon was later placed as a subspecies of Crenadactylus ocellatus, but re-elevated to species status in a revision of the genus that recognised seven distinguishable species. The type locality was identified as Charlotte Waters in the Northern Territory.
The specific epithet horni is named by Lucas and Frost for the sponsor of the scientific expedition that provided the type specimen, the pastoralist William Austin Horn.

## Description

A species of Crenadactylus, distinguished by superficial details of the scales and coloration. The snout vent length is recorded up to 34.8 mm, a larger and robust species of the relatively smaller genus of geckos. The stripes running the length of the body contrasts a darker colour against the mostly tan and pale brown of the scales.
Records of the habitat at the collection sites indicate an association with spinifex mounds, a dominant vegetation type of the arid centre of Australia. Crenadactylus horni presumed to have become geographically isolated around twenty to thirty million years ago, shown in evidence of ancient genetic divergence, persisting in micro-habitat that has become separated from sister species by the increasingly dry climate of the continent.
# Crenadactylus occidentalis

Crenadactylus occidentalis, also called the western clawless gecko, is a species of gecko endemic to the western coast of Australia.

## Taxonomy

Crenadactylus occidentalis was first described in a taxonomic revision in 2016 of rare and poorly known geckos of the genus Crenadactylus, assembling evidence of greatly under-estimated speciation previously only recognised as subspecies of monotypic genus. One of four new species to emerge from molecular studies that had reported chromosomal distinctions that indicated the population's divergence around twenty to thirty million years ago. The holotype was collect by Brad Maryan and Robert Browne-Cooper during April in 1992 at Dirk Hartog Island.
Crenadactylus ocellatus, found in a wider distribution of Southwest Australia, has also been referred to as the western clawless gecko. Prior to the revision in 2016, the population had been identified as two 'forms' found at adjacent ranges in the western regions of Australia and tentatively recognised as subspecies C. ocellatus ocellatus (southwestern clawless gecko) and C. ocellatus horni (central west coast clawless gecko).

## Description

A species of Crenadactylus, all of which differ in subtle details of their appearance but with deep divergence in the genome that indicates long periods of geographic isolation (20–30 mya). C. occidentalis has a relatively wide head and medium size, the snout vent length is recorded as 32.6 millimetres. The base colour over the body is tan and light brown. The striping common to the genus is distinctly contrasted, occasionally broken by spots where a few scales are yellow or white.

## Distribution and habitat

Records of Crenadactylus occidentalis are at altitudes less than 100 metres asl. The distribution range of the species is restricted to sub-coastal and coastal habitat in Western Australia, from Carnarvon to the south beyond the Northwest Cape to Yardie Creek. The range includes offshore areas near Carnarvon and at Shark Bay on Dorre and Berniers. The vegetation type of their habitat is composed of grass mounds of spinifex country and low coastal shrub-lands, dominated by banksia and acacia species. C. occidentalis has been located in waste piles associated with recent human habitation of the rural region.

## Conservation status

The IUCN has classified the species as least concern and notes the species is located within at least one conservation zone of an extensive area of coastline. No specific conservation plan has assessed and evaluated threatening factors to the population, although the species is recognised for the purposes of conservation assessment. The quality and area of extent is noted as declining. Crenadactylus occidentalis is thought to be uncommon, although the lack of specific research, surveys and former position as a hidden species within Crenadactylus leaves some uncertainty about its population structure.
# Crateva

Crateva is a genus of flowering plants in the caper family, Capparaceae. It includes 21 species which range through the tropical regions of the world, including the tropical Americas (Mexico to northeastern Argentina), sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, southern China, Japan, Malesia, Papuasia, Queensland, and the South Pacific.

## Species

Accepted species include:
* Crateva adansonii DC.
* Crateva brevipetala (Exell) Christenh. & Byng
* Crateva eminens (Hook.f.) Christenh. & Byng
* Crateva excelsa Bojer
* Crateva falcata (Lour.) DC.
* Crateva formosensis (Jacobs) B.S.Sun
* Crateva greveana Baill.
* Crateva humblotii (Baill.) Hadj-Moust.
* Crateva hygrophila Kurz
* Crateva kirkii (Oliv.) Christenh. & Byng
* Crateva magna (Lour.) DC.
* Crateva monticola (Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) Christenh. & Byng
* Crateva obovata Vahl
* Crateva palmeri Rose
* Crateva religiosa G.Forst.
* Crateva simplicifolia J.S.Mill.
* Crateva suaresensis Baill.
* Crateva tapia L.
* Crateva unilocularis Buch.-Ham.
* Crateva urbaniana R.Rankin
* Crateva yarinacochaensis Cornejo & Iltis

### Formerly placed here

* Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (as C. corniculatum (L.) L.)
* Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa (as C. marmelos L.)
# Lake Eddleman

Lake Eddleman is a reservoir located north of Graham, Texas. The reservoir is west of U.S. Route 380.
The lake is connected to Lake Graham by a small creek.
# Crataegus jackii

Crataegus jackii is a hawthorn that is restricted to southern Quebec. It is related to and has been considered to be a synonym of C. chrysocarpa, but is very hairy, with larger flowers, and has been made a synonym of C. lumaria Ashe.
# Courtice (surname)

Courtice is a surname.
Notable people with this surname include:
* Ben Courtice, Australian politician
* Brian Courtice, Australian politician
* Frederick Colin Courtice, Australian scientist
* Frederick Courtice, Australian politician
* Julianne Courtice, English squash player
* Polly Courtice, British academic
* Rody Kenny Courtice, Canadian painter
* Thomas Courtice, American academic administrator
# Courtice GO Station

Courtice GO Station is a planned GO Transit train station to be built by Metrolinx in the community of Darlington, Ontario, Canada, as part of the approved expansion of train service on the Lakeshore East line to Bowmanville. It will be situated between the main downtown areas of Oshawa and Bowmanville, in an area that is anticipated to be developed over the next few years. The station is intended to serve areas east of the station, as there will be close access to Highway 401. According to 2011 environmental impact assessment, the station would have 1,100 parking spaces, a bus loop and a "Kiss and Ride" area.
According to a 2023 revised proposal, the Bowmanville extension will be double-tracked between Courtice and Ritson Road GO stations, and be located on the south side of, and separate from, CP Rail's Belleville Subdivision. Most station facilities will be located on the north side of the CP Rail tracks.
In 2011, Metrolinx had originally planned to name the station as Darlington GO Station. By 2022, Metrolinx had changed the proposed station name to Courtice GO Station.
# Crawfordina

Crawfordina is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.

## Species

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with valid names are within the genus Crawfordina :
* Crawfordina crawfordiana Dall, 1891
* Crawfordina stuardoi McLean, J.H. & Andrade, 1982
# Lance Workman

Lance Workman is a British psychologist whose specialisms include biological psychology, clinical psychology, and evolutionary psychology. He currently teaches on the psychology undergraduate programme at Bath Spa University. He is an Associate Fellow of and a Chartered Psychologist with the British Psychological Society.

## Education

He received an undergraduate degree in psychology and biology from Keele University and his doctorate from the University of Sussex.

## Works

His book written with Will Reader, Evolutionary Psychology: An Introduction, has been published in the UK, US, Canada, Australia and Europe and includes a French edition.
Research includes his finding that British robins have regional dialects, a number of research articles on Seasonal Affective Disorder and various works on the cerebral lateralisation of emotion.
He is consultant editor for the journal Animal Behaviour and is on the editorial board for The Psychologist.

## Appearances

On 13 April 2014, he appeared at the Leicester Square Theatre in London, as "the expert interviewee", with comedian Richard Herring in the show Richard Herring's Meaning of Life with comedian Richard Herring, discussing "Good and Evil".

## Books

Workman, L. and Reader, W. (2004) Evolutionary Psychology: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521716536.
# Cowie, Stirling

Cowie (Scottish Gaelic: Collaidh, meaning wooded place) is a village in the Stirling council area of Scotland. Historically part of Stirlingshire, it lies on the minor B9124 road approximately 4 miles (6 kilometres) southeast of Stirling and about 1 mile (1.5 kilometres) north of the A9 road. The United Kingdom Census 2011 recorded the population as 2,713.
Excavations have identified Mesolithic and Neolithic settlement remains at Chapelfield.
Cowie was formerly a pit village and stone quarrying was carried on in the surrounds. It is now the site of a factory manufacturing engineered wood products and other light industries.
Recent years have seen significant new housing developments in the village for commuters.
# Cowie

Cowie may refer to:

## People

* Cowie (surname)

## Places

* Cowie, Aberdeenshire, an historic fishing village located at the north side of Stonehaven, Scotland
** Cowie Castle, a ruined castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland
** Chapel of St. Mary and St. Nathalan (called Cowie Chapel), a ruined chapel in Aberdeenshire, Scotland
** Cowie Water, a river discharging to the North Sea at Stonehaven, Scotland
*** Cowie Bridge, a roadway crossing of the Cowie Water in Stonehaven, Scotland
* Cowie, Stirling, a small ex-mining village located on the outskirts of the city of Stirling, in Central Scotland
* Cowie, the former name of Corio, Victoria, Australia

## Other uses

* USS Cowie (DD-632), a destroyer
* Cowie Group, a British bus and coach operator now called Arriva
# Lamkin Grips

Lamkin Golf Grips was founded in Chicago, Illinois by Elver B. Lamkin in 1925. Lamkin Golf Grips is currently run by the third generation of Lamkins, Robert J. Lamkin, who became the president and CEO in 2001. They also sponsor the Lamkin Grips San Diego Classic which has hosted by San Diego State each March since 2007. Lamkin has ambassadors in Keegan Bradley and Brendan Steele.
In 2004, Lamkin announced plans to raise $1m to help fund the battle against Prostate cancer, as a sponsor of the Prostate Cancer Foundation. As of 2008, they had raised more than $400,000 for this cause.
In 2024 Lamkin was acquired by SuperStroke.
# Lama (name)

Lama (/ ˈlɛmə/ LEM-ah; Arabic: لمى ,لما, lamá) is a common Arabic female given first name that has its roots in Arabic poetry. The specific definition of it is debated and the word itself is not a synonym to any other Arabic world.
One definition is "lips that are dark like the color of a sunset", has been used in Arabic poetry to refer to the lips of the beloved.
There are numerous notable Arab women with the name Lama, including, but not limited to:
* Lama Abu-Odeh (born 1962), Jordanian legal scholar
* Lama Hasan (born 1973), British journalist
* Lama Hattab (born 1980), Jordanian athlete
* Lama Salam (born 1961), Lebanese politician Tammam Salam's wife
* Lama bint Turki Al Saud, Saudi royal
# Crematogaster biformis

Crematogaster biformis is a species of ant in tribe Crematogastrini. It was described by Andre in 1892.
# Creative Writer

Creative Writer is a word processor released by Microsoft Kids in 1993. Using this program, which is specifically targeted at children, it is possible to create documents such as letters, posters, flyers and stories complete with different fonts, Clip art, WordArt and effects. The interface and environment is especially targeted towards children and is set in Imaginopolis with the main helper being a character known as McZee. A sequel, Creative Writer 2, was released in 1996. Both are now discontinued, but can still be acquired from online stores and auction websites such as eBay.
The original Creative Writer was announced by Microsoft on 7 December 1993 and was released in 1994. It ran on both MS-DOS 3.2 and the Windows 3.1 operating system. A version was also released for the Apple Macintosh, compatible with computers running the classic Mac OS from the System 6 version up to Mac OS 9.
The program took place in McZee's home of Imaginopolis and had several levels of a building each with a different topic (e.g. one for plain writing, one for story templates, one for poster templates). The design of the program was very similar to that of its sister program Fine Artist. The program runs full screen and creates an all-inclusive environment. The interface was similar to a later product called Microsoft Bob.
Creative Writer featured many of the features found on Microsoft's Word for Windows product, including the WordArt feature used to create titles and headlines and the ability to add clip art. Creative Writer also used sounds heavily where each tool would make a different noise. Examples of this include a vacuum cleaner suction to delete and an explosion to denote deleting everything from a page.

## File formats

Creative Writer and its sequel Creative Writer 2 both use different versions of the proprietary .max file format. This file format does not open in other word processors such as Word. Files created in Creative Writer can be viewed in Creative Writer 2 but files saved using Creative Writer 2 will not open correctly in Creative Writer. Creative Writer was also able to open .doc files kept in a location known as "Outside Of Imaginopolis".

## Expansion pack

An expansion pack, titled Ghostwriter Mysteries for Creative Writer, was released in 1994 by Microsoft Kids. It featured elements from the Ghostwriter TV series, including the show's team members and ten different mysteries to solve. It requires Creative Writer.
# Crates (name)

Crates is a Greek given name (Κράτης), pronounced as two syllables. It may refer to:
* Crates (comic poet) (probably fl. late 450s or very early 440s BC), Old Comedy poet and actor from Athens
* Crates (engineer), 4th century BC engineer who accompanied Alexander the Great
* Crates of Thebes (c. 365-c. 285 BC), Hellenistic Cynic philosopher
* Crates of Athens (died 268-264 BC), Polemon's successor as head of the Platonic Academy
* Crates of Mallus, 2nd century BC Greek grammarian and Stoic philosopher
* Crates of Tralles, a rhetorician
# Cry Vengeance!

Cry Vengeance! is a 1961 American TV movie directed by Franklin Schaffner.

## Plot

Davidde is the head of a gang of bandits in Sicily who regards himself as a modern-day Robin Hood. He is betrayed by gang member Andrea.

## Cast

* Ben Gazzara as Davidde
* Peter Falk as a priest
* Sal Mineo as Andrea

## Production

The show was a one-hour drama by Robert Crean produced by Robert Alan Aurthur. The show was meant to air in February 1961 but was postponed until April 18, 1961.
Sal Mineo said is part was "a role an actor can really get into. Good dramatic impact, good writing, good character development."

## Reception

The New York Times said there were "flashes of meaningful dialogue" but that the show was "disjointed and obscure, handicapped by acting that was too intense and production that was artificial and cumbersome."
# Craugastor tabasarae

Craugastor tabasarae is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Panama and known from a few isolated records in the Veraguas, Coclé, Colón, and Panamá Provinces. The range includes the eponymous Serranía de Tabasará.

## Description

Adult males measure 29–34 mm (1.1–1.3 in) and adult females 49–54 mm (1.9–2.1 in) in snout–vent length. The tympanum is distinct albeit heavily pigmented, and round in males whereas subelliptical in females. The finger and toe tips are expanded into discs. The toes are basally webbed. Coloration is dorsally cocoa brown with medium-sized darker brown blotches interspersed with lemon yellow. The lips are barred with brown and lemon yellow. The upper thigh surface has dark brown to black irregular bars, interspersed with bright orange-red bars. The chin, chest, and venter are custard yellow. The limbs are ventrally bright yellow with scattered brown spots. The iris is silvery tan to golden above and dark brown to black below.

## Habitat and conservation

Craugastor tabasarae occurs in premontane forest at elevations of 600–910 m (1,970–2,990 ft) above sea level. They are typically at night up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) above the ground on vegetation overhanging or near streams. Development is presumably direct (i.e., no free-living larval stage).
This species is rare, and at least one population has crashed and might be now extinct. The species is threatened by the spread of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis as well as by habitat loss. It has been recorded in the D. Omar Torríjos. H. and Chagres National Parks.
# Cricket Live Foundation

The Cricket Live Foundation is a New Zealand based non-profit organisation. The main objective is to bring Cricket to the children of Sri Lanka and India who currently live in underprivileged environments with limited opportunity. The Cricket Live Foundation is currently operating in three centers in Moratuwa, Sri Lanka in partnership with the MJF Foundation, an internally funded Charitable Foundation of Dilmah Tea.

## Alex Reese

Alex Reese was playing cricket in India when he had the idea. When the 22-year-old saw the plight of children living in the slums, he wasn't content to be a spectator. He was inspired to help after becoming friends with taxi driver named Lax, who lived in one of the biggest slums in Mumbai and couldn't afford to send his kids to any local academies – which only cost around NZ$10 a month to attend.
# Crozier (mycology)

A crozier is an anatomical feature of many fungi in the phylum Ascomycota that forms at the base of asci and looks like a hook-topped shepherd’s staff or stylized religious crosier. Croziers resemble and function similarly to clamp connections on the dikaryotic hyphae of Basidiomycota.
During initial ascus formation in Ascomycota fruitbodies, the crozier helps to maintain the dikaryotic state of both the ascus itself and of the side branch that will continue propagation of the ascogenous hyphae. The tips of developing asci on these ascogenous hyphae curl over. One haploid nucleus migrates into the curved tip while the other compatible haploid nucleus remains in the penultimate space below the hook. The ascus itself forms as a radiating spur branch at the top of the hook. Each nucleus divides, resulting in the formation of a pair of compatible nuclei, i.e. a dikaryon, in the ascus, which is now the penultimate space. Two sister nuclei remain, one in the basal cell and the other in the crozier tip. The tip of the crozier then fuses with the basal cell and walls itself off from the ascus by the formation of a septum. The nucleus from the crozier migrates into the basal cell where the other nucleus remains, thus maintaining a dikaryotic state. Below the base of the ascus, these nuclei migrate together into a growing side branch which is capable of repeating the ascus-crozier formation process indefinitely. Mature croziers are detectable through microscopic examination of mature asci as small, curved bridges at the basal septa. A significant minority of Ascomycota lack croziers, hence the presence or absence of croziers is an important taxonomic character.
# Crawford Lake (disambiguation)

Crawford Lake Conservation Area is in Halton, Ontario, Canada.
Crawford Lake or Lake Crawford may also refer to:

## Canada

* Crawford Lake (Cochrane District), Ontario
* Crawford Lake (Halton Region), Ontario, widely regarded as the start of the Anthropocene epoch
* Crawford Lake (Parry Sound District), Ontario
* Crawford Lake (Rainy River District), Ontario
* Crawford Lake (Sudbury District), Ontario
* Crawford Lake (Haultain Township), Ontario
* Crawford Lake (Milner Township), Ontario

## United States

* Crawford Lake (Wright County, Minnesota)
* Crawford Lake (Washington)
* Lake Crawford, a small lake in Kings Mountain State Park, North Carolina
# Crystal Heights, Nova Scotia

Crystal Heights is a neighborhood in the north end of the Dartmouth area in Nova Scotia's Halifax Regional Municipality.
Part of the larger neighbourhood of Albro Lake, Crystal Heights is a development comprising high-density apartment buildings. It is adjacent to Highfield Park, a similar development dating to the 1970s.
# Lars Skalm

Lars Skalm (born Lorentz Skallman, circa 1430 in Pargas) was a Finnish noble, having been granted hereditary nobility by King Christian I of Denmark in 1461 for helping his army against rebels in Sweden. He served as Mayor of Turku from 1501 to 1502.
# Lamberto Maggiorani

Lamberto Maggiorani (28 August 1909 – 22 April 1983) was an Italian actor remembered for his portrayal of Antonio Ricci in the 1948 Vittorio De Sica film Bicycle Thieves.
He was a factory worker (he worked as a turner) and a non-professional actor at the time he was cast in this film. He earned 600,000 lire ($1,000 US) for his performance, enabling him to buy new furniture and treat his family to a vacation; but when he returned to the factory he was laid off because business was slackening and management felt it would be fairer to terminate him instead of other impoverished co-workers since he was perceived to have "made millions" as a movie star. He found occasional work as a bricklayer, but continued to try to get roles in movies, with little success; even de Sica was reluctant to employ him as anything other than an extra. Pier Paolo Pasolini gave him a bit part in the film Mamma Roma (1962) due to his iconic status in Italian cinema. Cesare Zavattini, the screenwriter for Bicycle Thieves, aware of Maggiorani's predicament, wrote a screenplay about him titled "Tu, Maggiorani", in an attempt to demonstrate the limits of neorealist film's capacity to change the world.
Maggiorani died in Rome in 1983 at the San Giovanni hospital without ever regaining his first success as a film actor.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1948 | Ladri di biciclette | Antonio | |
| 1949 | Twenty Years | | |
| 1950 | Women Without Names | Anna's Fiancé | |
| 1951 | A Tale of Five Cities | | |
| 1951 | Achtung! Banditi! | Marco | |
| 1951 | Anna | Il malato ferito allo stomaco | |
| 1951 | Salvate mia figlia | | |
| 1952 | Umberto D. | | Uncredited |
| 1954 | Via Padova 46 | The Porter in Via Padova | |
| 1954 | Vacation with a Gangster | Il galeotto innocente N. 5823 | |
| 1955 | Don Camillo e l'on. Peppone | | |
| 1956 | Totò, Peppino e i... fuorilegge | Un bandito | |
| 1961 | Il giudizio universale | Poor man | |
| 1962 | Mamma Roma | Un malato (Sick man) | |
| 1963 | Mare matto | L'uomo che paga l'ingaggio | |
| 1970 | Ostia | Padre di Monica | (final film role) |