OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Florence Weldon

Florence Joy Weldon (née Tebb, 1858 – 1936) was an English mathematician who worked as "one of the first college-educated human computers," analysing data about biological variation.

## Early life

Florence was the daughter of businessman and activist William Tebb. Her younger sister was physiologist Mary Tebb. In the early 1880s she studied mathematics at Girton College, Cambridge. She married evolutionary biologist Raphael Weldon in March 1883.

## Computation

Florence joined with Weldon’s work on biological variation in shrimps and crabs. The pair travelled around England, Italy and the Bahamas, collecting about a thousand specimens at a time. Florence worked as Weldon’s chief computer in analysing the data collected by measuring the specimens. With no calculating machines available, she used logarithms and Crelle tables. One study involved taking twenty-three measurements each from a thousand shore crab specimens from the Bay of Naples, which demonstrated that twenty-two of the features measured were normally distributed and the other was bimodal. Another study included taking measurements in duplicate from over eight thousand crabs.
Florence’s contribution was acknowledged by her long-time friend and correspondent Karl Pearson, who completed her husband's manuscripts after his death.

## Art collection and legacy

In 1928, Florence received an honorary degree of Master of Arts from the University of Oxford after making a significant bequest of French paintings there. The Ashmolean Museum also contains a room named in her honour.
Florence died in 1936, leaving the residue of her estate to establish a Chair of Biometry at the University of London.
# Scardovia wiggsiae

Scardovia wiggsiae is a species of bacterium in the family Bifidobacteriaceae. In 2011, a study carried out using anaerobic culture conditions allowed the identification of a newly named species, Scardovia wiggsiae, which was significantly associated with severe ECC (Early childhood caries, a particularly severe manifestation of carious pathology affecting children between birth and 71 months of age). The paper of Bossù et al. 2020 shows that S. wiggsiae forms biofilm and illustrates for the first time with high resolution scanning electron microscopy images the morphology of this bacterium and its biofilm. Images were obtained usingn original scanning electron microscopy protocol, the OsO4-RR-TA-IL treatment. The biofilm had an intricate three-dimensional architecture made of Eps trabeculae, in this structure a complex micro-canalicular system was developed. S. wiggsiae has the aspect of an elongated bacterium, without pili or fimbriae. It forms clusters of bacteria embedded in the Eps scaffold.
# Savage Frontier

Savage Frontier may refer to:
* The Savage Frontier, a 1988 accessory for the Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting Forgotten Realms
** Savage Frontier (series), a 1991–92 video game series based on the accessory's setting
* Savage Frontier (film), a 1953 American western film
# First SS-Abschnitt

The First SS-Abschnitt (lit. 'First SS-Section') was a brigade formation of the Allgemeine-SS and the first such unit ever established in the SS. The First Abschnitt was originally known as the SS-Brigaden 1 and was founded due to an expansion of the SS between 1929 and 1930, causing the need for SS-regiments (known as Standarten) to be grouped into higher brigade sized formations. The SS-Brigades were modeled after the same type of unit used by the Sturmabteilung.
The 1st SS-Brigade was headquartered in Munich, and its original leadership staff consisted of former members of the 1st SS-Standarte, of which the 1st Brigade acted as the commanding formation; the first appointed brigade commander was Josef Dietrich. Dietrich was technically the commander of the Abschnitt until 1932, although after a few short months, Dietrich began to become more and more involved in Hitler's personal protection corps (later to become the nucleus of the Leibstandarte-SS) and left the day-to-day running of the 1st Brigade to subordinates. During these years, Dietrich was also listed as the commander of the SS-Group South, which was the superior command to the 1st SS-Brigade.
By 1933, the name of the command had been changed to SS-Abschnitt I, or the 1st SS-District. As the Nazi Party came to power and Adolf Hitler went to Berlin along with Dietrich's Leibstandarte, the association of the Abschnitt's role with Hitler's presence in Munich gradually diminished and the command became more involved with ceremonial functions surrounding the Munich Brown House.
Through the 1930s, the Abschnitt was seen as one of the more important units within the SS as Munich was still viewed as a highly important city due to Munich's status as the birthplace of the Nazi Party. The Abschnitt continued to operate in full force until the start of World War II when many of the Abschnitt staff were either conscripted into the Wehrmacht or joined the Waffen-SS.
By 1943, the daily operations of the Abschnitt had been overshadowed by the Office of the SS and Police Leader although the First Abschnitt continued to be listed as an active command until the end of the war. The Abschnitt was disbanded in May 1945, upon the collapse of Nazi Germany.

## Chain of Command

* Superior Command: SS-Oberabschnitt Süd
* Subordinate Commands: 1st SS-Standarte, 31st SS-Standarte, 34th SS-Standarte

## Commanders

* SS-Gruppenführer Josef Dietrich (July 11, 1930 – August 11, 1932)
* SS-Oberführer Johann-Erasmus Freiherr von Malsen-Ponickau (August 11, 1932 – May 2, 1933)
* SS-Standartenführer Wilhelm Starck (May 2, 1933 – April 17, 1934)
* SS-Oberführer Heinz Roch (April 17, 1934 – March 15, 1936)
* SS-Brigadeführer Christoph Diehm (March 15, 1936 – March 1, 1939)
* SS-Oberführer Hans Döring (March 1, 1939 – October 1, 1942)
* Post Vacant (Deputy Commanders Only) (October 1, 1942 – April 1, 1943)
* SS-Brigadeführer Franz Jaegy (April 1, 1943 – May 8, 1945)
# First Run Film Festival

The First Run Festival is an annual event showcasing over 120 intermediate and advanced projects in film, video, and animation. It is presented by the Kanbar Institute of Film & Television and held in New York City. The event first ran in 1986. The selection runs a gamut of undergraduate and graduate films ranging between narratives, documentaries and animation produced during the filmmakers' time in the program. The work is evaluated by a trio of juries: a three-judge Undergraduate Intermediate panel looks at submissions from junior level courses; the Graduate Industry and Undergraduate Industry panels each have six judges. The selections are then sent toward the respective faculty panels to announce the final top three winners.
This annual week-long festival begins with the Craft Awards Ceremony and Wasserman Finalists Announcement and culminates with the Wasserman Awards Ceremony featuring the Charles and Lucille King Family Foundation Awards. The students' films and videos compete annually for over $50,000 in cash awards. Following First Run each year, the Wasserman Award finalist films and videos are screened in Hollywood for industry professionals and the public. Past years' showcases had been held at the Directors Guild of America.
# Fogliano

Fogliano may refer to:
* Fogliano, Cascia, a village in the province of Perugia, Italy
* Fogliano, Reggio Emilia, a village in Reggio Emilia, Italy
* Fogliano, Siena, a village in the province of Siena, Italy
* Fogliano Redipuglia, a municipality in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
# First Underground Nuclear Kitchen

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
First Underground Nuclear Kitchen is a studio album by former Deep Purple, Black Sabbath and Trapeze vocalist/bassist Glenn Hughes. It is his twelfth solo studio album and was released in 2008 on Frontiers Records.

## History

First Underground Nuclear Kitchen, the follow-up to 2006's Music for the Divine contains more funk rock–style music than his more hard rock–infused earlier records.
The album again featured Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Chad Smith on the entirety of the record and regular guitarist JJ Marsh on two songs. Guitar player Luis Carlos Maldonado, best known for his work with John Waite, co-wrote five of the songs with Hughes. Other performances come from George Nastos on guitar and Anders Olinder and Ed Roth on keyboards.
First Underground Nuclear Kitchen was mixed by Jono Brown and Glenn Hughes.
A promotional video was shot for the song "Love Communion", the video was included on the European version of the album as an enhanced track.
First Underground Nuclear Kitchen entered the UK indie chart at No. 24

## Track listing

* "Crave" – 4:20 (Hughes)
* "First Underground Nuclear Kitchen" – 3:46 (Hughes, Maldonado)
* "Satellite" – 4:34 (Hughes)
* "Love Communion" – 4:46 (Hughes, Maldonado)
* "We Shall Be Free" – 5:42 (Hughes, Maldonado)
* "Imperfection" – 4:50 (Hughes)
* "Never Say Never" – 5:08 (Hughes, Maldonado)
* "We Go 2 War" – 3:50 (Hughes, Maldonado)
* "Oil and Water" – 4:04 (Hughes)
* "Too Late to Save the World" – 6:22 (Hughes)
* "Where There´s a Will" – 4:27 (Hughes)

### Japan bonus track

* "Imperfection (acoustic "love mix")" – 4:54 (Hughes)

## Personnel

* Glenn Hughes – vocals, acoustic guitar, bass, electric guitar
* Chad Smith – drums, percussion
* Luis Carlos Maldonado – electric guitars, acoustic guitars
* JJ Marsh – electric guitar on track 9 + 10
* George Nastos – guitar on track 7 + 8
* Anders Olinder – keyboards
* Ed Roth – keyboards on track 2 + 7, piano on track 4
* Ana Lenchantin – cello on track 6
# Schinnerer

Schinnerer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adolf Schinnerer (1876–1949), German artist
* Mark C. Schinnerer (1899–1978), American politician
# Schinopsis balansae

Schinopsis balansae is a hardwood tree known as willow-leaf red quebracho which forms forests in the subtropical Humid Chaco ecoregion of north-eastern Argentina, and Paraguay. It is also found in the wild Pantanal vegetation in Brazil. Some of its vernacular names are quebracho colorado chaqueño and quebracho santafesino. Other species, like Schinopsis lorentzii, bear the general name quebracho and have similar properties and uses. S. balansae shares its habitat with a species of the same genus, S. heterophylla, and the two are often confused.
This tree can reach 24 metres in height and more than one metre in diameter. Its trunk is straight, with a brownish-gray bark. Its wood is extremely heavy (relative density = 1.2). Its main use is the extraction of quebracho extract, which is 63% pure tannin.
The tree was declared Argentina's "National Forest Tree" in 1956.

## Chemistry

Leuco-fisetinidin, a flavan-3,4-diol (leucoanthocyanidin) and a monomer of the condensed tannins called profisetinidins, can be extracted from the heartwoods of S. balansae.
# Flag of the Hudson's Bay Company

The flag of the Hudson's Bay Company is used to represent the Hudson's Bay Company. The flag varied over time. From July 21, 1682, to 1965, the flag consisted of the Red Ensign with the letters "HBC" in the lower field. In 1970 the company used the flag that display the company's coat of arms. Since 2012, the company flag is the banner form of the company logo.

## History

Following the incorporation of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670, the company was granted permission on July 21, 1682, by the first governor of the company, Prince Rupert, to use a modified version of the Red Ensign letters "HBC" in the lower field on its forts and ships entering Hudson Strait. The flag consisted of the Red Ensign with the letters "HBC" in the lower field. The flag shared the same design as the Flag of Ontario and the Flag of Manitoba in using the Red Ensign.
The canton of the flag has been changed twice. Between 1682 and 1707, the Flag of St. George was in the canton before being replaced by the Flag of Great Britain. In 1801 this was replaced by the Flag of the United Kingdom following the 1801 Act of Union.
Prior to 1869 the flag was used as both the flag of Rupert's Land and the Hudson's Bay Company. After Rupert's Land was purchased by the government of Canada, the flag continued as the flag of the HBC. The use of Red Ensign by the company was stopped in 1965 after the Maple Leaf Flag was introduced.
In 1970, the company adopted the company's governor's standard as its corporate flag. The flag was introduced in 1779 as the company's Governor's Standard and was flown to indicate the presence of the company's governor at a specific location. The flag features the company's coat of arms on a white field.
In the fall of 2012, the Hudson's Bay Company launched a re-design of both its corporate and retail logos, since then, the company flag is the same design as the company logo, which is the dark blue field and the letters "HBC" in the centre.
# For the Sake of Mankind

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
For the Sake of Mankind is the second studio album by the Norwegian heavy metal band, Artch.

## Track listing

* "When Angels Cry" - 5:30
* "Appologia" - 4:42
* "Burn Down the Bridges" - 5:07
* "Paradox" - 5:12
* "To Whom It May Concern" - 4:19
* "Titanic" - 4:40
* "Confrontation" - 4:11
* "Turn the Tables" - 4:59
* "To Be or Not to Be" - 3:15
* "Batteries Not Included" - 4:04
* "Razamanaz" - 4:06 (Nazareth cover)

## Personnel

* Eiríkur Hauksson aka Eric Hawk – vocals
* Cato Olsen aka Cat Andrew – guitar
* Geir Nilssen aka Gill Neill – guitar
* Bernt A. Jansen aka Brent Jansen – bass
* Jørn Jamissen aka Jack Jamies – drums
# Fixed-effect Poisson model

In statistics, a fixed-effect Poisson model is a Poisson regression model used for static panel data when the outcome variable is count data. Hausman, Hall, and Griliches pioneered the method in the mid 1980s. Their outcome of interest was the number of patents filed by firms, where they wanted to develop methods to control for the firm fixed effects. Linear panel data models use the linear additivity of the fixed effects to difference them out and circumvent the incidental parameter problem. Even though Poisson models are inherently nonlinear, the use of the linear index and the exponential link function lead to multiplicative separability, more specifically
    E[y$_{it}$ ∨ x$_{i1}$... x$_{iT}$, c$_i$ ] = m(x$_{it}$, c$_i$, b$_0$ ) = exp(c$_i$ + x$_{it}$ b$_0$ ) = a$_i$ exp(x$_{it}$ b$_0$ ) = μ$_{ti}$ (1)
This formula looks very similar to the standard Poisson premultiplied by the term a$_i$. As the conditioning set includes the observables over all periods, we are in the static panel data world and are imposing strict exogeneity. Hausman, Hall, and Griliches then use Andersen's conditional Maximum Likelihood methodology to estimate b$_0$. Using n$_i$ = Σ y$_{it}$ allows them to obtain the following nice distributional result of y$_i$
    y$_i$ ∨ n$_i$, x$_i$, c$_i$ ~ Multinomial (n$_i$, p$_1$ (x$_i$, b$_0$), ..., p$_T$ (x$_i$, b$_0$ )) (2) where
    $p_{t}(x_{i},b_{0})={\frac {m(x_{it},b_{0})}{\sum m(x_{it},b_{0})}}.\quad$
At this point, the estimation of the fixed-effect Poisson model is transformed in a useful way and can be estimated by maximum-likelihood estimation techniques for multinomial log likelihoods. This is computationally not necessarily very restrictive, but the distributional assumptions up to this point are fairly stringent. Wooldridge provided evidence that these models have nice robustness properties as long as the conditional mean assumption (i.e. equation 1) holds. Chamberlain also provided semi-parametric efficiency bounds for these estimators under slightly weaker exogeneity assumptions. However, these bounds are practically difficult to attain, as the proposed methodology needs high-dimensional nonparametric regressions for attaining these bounds.
# Schistes et Grès Carteret

The Schistes et Grès Carteret are a series of phosphatic and glauconitic Tommotian siliciclastics exposed in Normandy, France.
They overlie Precambrian conglomerates and are overlain by the Calcaires de Laize.
# Fitore

Fitore is a village of about 300 people in Korçë County, Albania. It is part of the former municipality Miras. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Devoll. Most of the families are farmers and they keep livestock such as cows, sheep, chickens, rabbits etc. Horses are used mainly to carry stuff around the fields, from and to the village. Horses are used also to bring hardwoods from mountain that is used for wood-burning appliances. Some families keep dogs and cats as domestic animals. The village is also known by its old name Shënkollas (Saint Nicholas), which was changed after WWII and religious names were banned from use. There is an elementary school and a high school where students from Dobranj, Bracanj, Fitore, Zicisht, Poncare, Menkulas, Zicisht, Sul and Koshnice go to.
# Forest horse

Forest horse may refer to:
* The Black Forest horse, or Schwarzwälder Kaltblut
* New Forest Pony
* The "Forest Horse", a hypothetical ancestral horse prototype proposed in the 20th century; see History of horse domestication theories
# Scotland's Regeneration Forum

Scotland's Regeneration Forum (SURF) is the independent regeneration forum for Scotland. It seeks to improve regeneration policy and practice and works closely with policy-makers in the Scottish Government and its agencies. The organisation was established in 1992 and has offices in Glasgow and Edinburgh.
One of SURF's main activities is the annual SURF Awards for Best Practice in Community Regeneration, which has been running since 1998. The SURF Awards are delivered in partnership with the Scottish Government.
SURF also operates a programme called the Alliance for Action, which supports practical regeneration activities in several Scottish places including Govan, Kirkcaldy and Rothesay.
# Flagstaff Lake

Flagstaff Lake may refer to the following lakes in the United States:
* Flagstaff Lake (Maine)
* Flagstaff Lake (Oregon)
* Lake Flagstaff, Western Australia
# Flamini

Flamini or variations may refer to:

## People

* Flaminia gens, an ancient Roman family
* Gaius Flaminius (3rd century BC), politician and consul of the Roman Republic
* Anthony Flamini (born 1978), American comic book writer
* Mathieu Flamini (born 1984), French football player
* Manila Flamini (born 1987), Italian artistic swimmer
* Maurizio Flammini (born 29 November 1949) is an Italian former racing driver & World Superbike Championship creator

## Other uses

* 18099 Flamini, a minor planet
* Circus Flaminius, area of land in Rome outfitted with a small racetrack in 221 BC
* Lancia Flaminia (1957–1970), an Italian luxury car
* MSC Flaminia, a German container ship
* Porta Flaminia, an earlier name of the Porta del Popolo gate in Rome
* Ptyongnathosia flaminia, a species of moth of the family Tortricidae
* Via Flaminia, an ancient Roman road
# Formal balance

Formal balance, also called symmetrical balance, is a concept of aesthetic composition involving equal weight and importance on both sides of a composition.
# Schmidt's helmet skink

Schmidt's helmet skink (Tribolonotus schmidti), also known commonly as Schmidt's crocodile skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.

## Etymology

The specific name, schmidti, is in honor of American herpetologist Karl Patterson Schmidt.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of T. schmidti is forest, at altitudes from sea level to 1,500 m (4,900 ft).

## Description

The holotype of T. schmidti has a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 3.9 cm (1.5 in), and a total length (including tail) of 8.8 cm (3.5 in). It has two rows of enlarged plate-like dorsal scales running down the center of the back. Each row contains more than 20 scales from the back of the head to the beginning of the tail.

## Reproduction

T. schmidti is viviparous.
# Flemington, Florida

Flemington is an unincorporated community in Marion County, in the U.S. state of Florida.
A post office called Flemington was established in 1847, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1910. The community bears the name of John Fleming.
# Flemington, Hawke's Bay

Flemington is a lightly populated locality in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located inland, south of Waipukurau and east of Ormondville. Nearby settlements include Whetukura to the west, Te Uri to the south-southwest, and Wanstead to the east.
Flemington began a small European farming community called Boar Hills in 1845. Several stations were established in the following three decades. Flemington District was officially established in 1886.
For the purposes of the New Zealand census, Flemington falls within the area of Elsthorpe-Flemington. This covers a large amount of southern Hawke's Bay south and east of Waipukurau, and it had a population of 2,949 at the 2001 census. This is not reflective of the population of the locality of Flemington itself, as it constitutes only a small part of the statistical region.
Flemington hosts an annual Mud Run every year. It hundreds of participants, many in fancy dress.

## Education

Flemington School is a Year 1–8 co-educational state primary school. It is a decile 8 school with a roll of 85 as of August 2024.
The school was founded in 1908 before moving its current location in 1918.
Major improvements were made to the school for its centenary in 2008.
# Football in Dominica

The sport of association football in the country of Dominica is run by the Dominica Football Association. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Dominica Championship. Football is the most popular sport in the country.

## National football stadium

| Stadium | Capacity | City |
| Windsor Park | 12,000 | Roseau |
# Fitch Hall

Fitch Hall, at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro, New Mexico, was built in 1937. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
It is a dormitory built of stuccoed masonry. It is rectangular with, projecting from the front, a one-story entry porch that has a flat roof and arched openings. It is California Mission Revival in style. It has curvilinear gables at the buildings' sides. Its roof is covered with mission tile.
It was designed by architects Brittelle & Ginner Brittelle and Ginner
Architecture: Mission/Spanish Revival architecture, California Mission Revival architecture
It was built to serve as a dormitory and was still being used as such in 1987. It now houses the offices of the institute's Department of Communication, Liberal Arts, and Social Sciences as well as the Writing and Communication Lab.