OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pilophorus (fungus)

Pilophorus is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. They are commonly known as matchstick lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains 11 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1857, with Pilophorus robustus assigned as the type species.

## Species

* Pilophorus acicularis (Ach.) Th.Fr. (1857)
* Pilophorus cereolus Ach.) Th.Fr. (1871)
* Pilophorus clavatus Th.Fr. (1888)
* Pilophorus dovrensis (Nyl.) Timdal, Hertel & Rambold (1988)
* Pilophorus fibula (Tuck.) Tuck. (1882)
* Pilophorus fruticosus Li S.Wang & Xin Y.Wang (2011) – China
* Pilophorus hallii (Tuck.) Vain. (1921)
* Pilophorus nigricaulis M.Satô (1940)
* Pilophorus pallidus (Körb.) Timdal (1988)
* Pilophorus robustus Th.Fr. (1857)
* Pilophorus strumaticus Nyl. ex Cromb. (1875)
* Pilophorus vegae Krog (1968)
* Pilophorus yunnanensis Li S.Wang & Xin Y.Wang (2010) – China
# North Walsham High School

North Walsham High School is a co-educational secondary school located in North Walsham in the English county of Norfolk. The school was rated as a "Good" school with "Outstanding" leadership and management in December 2023 by Ofsted. On the same site there is the Atrium which boasts sports facilities, a dance studio, a music studio, food technology rooms and a 187 seater theatre that is also used as the town cinema.

## History

The school gained specialist status as an Arts College in 2005. A redevelopment of North Walsham High School, including the opening of a new enterprise centre was completed in summer 2012.
Neil Powell was appointed as headteacher in September 2016 and when Ofsted visited in late 2018 and the report downgraded the school to 'requiring improvement.'
Previously a community school administered by Norfolk County Council, in October 2019 North Walsham High School converted to academy status and is now sponsored by the Enrich Learning Trust.
Since converting to an academy the school has improved dramatically as witnessed by improved exam results that are now higher than the regional and national average. This improvement was rewarded by an improved Ofsted report after a visit in December 2023. The report said:
"Pupils are proud to be members of this flourishing school community."
"At North Walsham High, pupils thrive."
"Since the previous inspection, school leaders and the new trust have made significant improvements to the quality of education. The ambitious curriculum is well designed to meet the needs of all pupils."
"Ongoing training is of a high quality and carefully matched to staff’s needs. This ensures that teachers are able to deliver the curriculum effectively."
"Across the curriculum, pupils achieve very well. However, in key stage three, sometimes teachers are not sufficiently precise in identifying what pupils know or can do. This means some teachers move on before all pupils have understood what is being taught."

## Academics

Ofsted described this as a smaller than average secondary school serving rural North Norfolk. The proportion of pupils eligible for the pupil premium is slightly above average. The proportion of pupils with Special educational needs (SEND), including those with an education, health and care plan, is above average.

## The Atrium

The Atrium is a £5.3m arts and education centre which opened in September 2011. Facilities at the Atrium include a theatre, cinema, classrooms, exhibition spaces, rooms for meetings, dance studio for various classes, large carpeted areas for workshops and an auditorium that seats 186 people.
The facilities at the Atrium are used primarily by North Walsham High School during the school day, but are open to the wider community of North Walsham and North Norfolk at other times.
# Leon Feffer

Leon Feffer (1902–1999) was a Brazilian businessman who founded Suzano Papel e Celulose.

## Biography

Feffer was born on November 27, 1902, to a Ukrainian Jewish family in Rovno, Ukraine (other sources say Kolki, Ukraine), the son of Bertha (née Brandes) and Simpson Feffer. In 1910, concerned about increasing anti-Semitism, his father immigrated to Brazil where he worked as a peddler selling stationery items around São Paulo and Mato Grosso from his ox-drawn cart. In 1920, his father had saved enough money to bring his wife, two sons (Leon and David) and two daughters (Maria and Regina) to Brazil. Leon started his first business manufacturing candles although it was not successful as Sao Paulo already had electricity. On June 15, 1923, he founded a paper distribution business purchasing imported and domestic paper for sale to local retailers. By chance, a large domestic paper factory suffered a fire and he was able to purchase a large quantity of paper rolls (damaged externally but near perfect internally) which enabled him to profit greatly during the Great Depression after Brazil banned imports. He expanded by purchasing a printing press, established a retail store, and constructed an envelope factory (which became one of the largest in the country). In 1939, he sold everything (including his house, his wife's jewelry, and his store) and completed a paper factory in 1941 in the São Paulo neighborhood of Ipiranga. The factory used imported pine pulp to produce its paper. In 1946, the company was named Indústria de Papel Leon Feffer (IPLF). He encouraged his son Max, who was studying at the Juilliard School of Music, to help him find a local substitute for pine fiber. Max, working with biologists at the University of Florida, determined that eucalyptus pulp was a good substitute for pine pulp. In 1946, he purchased Indústria de Papel Euclides Damiani and he gradually mixed eucalyptus fiber into its production. In 1956, he renamed the company Suzano Papel e Celulose. In 1960, he purchased another paper mill, Indústria de Papel Rio Verde. In 1961, he was using 100% eucalyptus as a raw material. The rest of the paper industry adopted the use of eucalyptus and Brazil shifted from a net importer of cellulose to a net exporter of cellulose. Under his tutelage, Suzano became the second largest integrated paper manufacturer in Latin America.

## Philanthropy

He served as president of Colégio Renascença [pt], a school for the Jewish community from 1939 to 1962. In 1953, he was seminal in founding A Hebraica [pt] in São Paulo, then the largest Jewish club in the world. From 1956 to 1964, he served as Israel's consul to São Paulo (Federação Israelita do Estado de São Paulo [pt]). In 1959, he funded the construction of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein in the Morumbi, São Paulo neighborhood.

## Personal life

Feffer was married to Antonietta Teperman. They had two children, Max (1926–2001) and Fanny (1930–2017). He died on 7 February 1999.
In 1995, Forbes Magazine named him as the fifth richest Brazilian with a net worth of $1.6 billion US dollars.
# Lens induced glaucomas

The crystalline lens inside the human eye has been implicated as a causative factor in many forms of glaucoma. Lens induced glaucomas or Lens related glaucomas are either open-angle or closed-angle glaucomas that can occur due to a neglected advanced cataract (cloudiness of the lens) or a dislocated lens. It is a type of secondary glaucoma. The angle-closure glaucoma can be caused by a swollen or dislocated lens. The open-angle glaucoma can be caused by leakage of lens proteins through the capsule of a mature or hyper mature cataract or by a hypersensitivity reaction to own lens protein following surgery or penetrating trauma.

## Types
### Closed angle
#### Phacomorphic glaucoma

The presence of an asymmetric mature cataractous lens, shallow or closed anterior chamber angle, raised intraocular pressure (IOP) and other typical signs and symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma in the eye may lead to a diagnosis of phacomorphic glaucoma. Cataract surgery after initial IOP control with medication is the only treatment. Rarely direct compression of angle by intumescent lens may also cause angle closure.

#### Glaucoma secondary to ectopia lentis

Ectopia lentis is a displacement or malposition of the eye's crystalline lens from its normal location. The displace lens leads to pupillary block and secondary glaucoma.

#### Spherophakia

Spherophakia is a rare congenital bilateral eye disease. The main symptoms are a smaller and more spherical crystalline lens and weak zonules. due to weak zonules, the lens may undergo subluxation or dislocation, leading to pupillary block and secondary glaucoma.

### Open angle
#### Phacolytic glaucoma

Phacolytic glaucoma is a type of secondary glaucoma caused by the leakage of lens material through the capsule of a mature cataract. The leaked lens material may obstruct the trabecular meshwork leading to decreased aqueous humor outflow and increased intraocular pressure.

#### Lens particle glaucoma

Lens particle glaucoma also known as phacotoxic glaucoma. Following surgery or injury, lens material may leak into outside the lens capsule. Large lens fragments spontaneously break up into smaller and sometimes invisible particles. lens material entering the anterior chamber can obstruct aqueous outflow and cause glaucoma.

#### Phacoantigenic glaucoma

Phacoantigenic glaucoma was formerly known as Phacoanaphylaxis. In this inflammatory reaction against own lens antigens leads to obstruction of the trabecular meshwork and increased IOP.

## Investigations

Tonometry is used to measure intraocular pressure. Gonioscopy is the gold-standard for measuring angle of anterior chamber and confirming angle closure.

## Treatment

Cataract surgery after initial IOP control with medication or laser is the definitive treatment for any type of lens induced glaucomas.

## History

Lens induced glaucoma was first described by Gifford in 1900 as a secondary glaucoma associated with hypermature senile cataract. In the same year von Reuss described it as a glaucoma associated with spontaneous absorption of lens substance through intact lens capsule.
# Leopold Mozart Centre

The Leopold Mozart Centre (German: Leopold-Mozart-Zentrum (LMZ) in Augsburg, Germany, is a university of music, founded as part of the University of Augsburg in 2008. It is located in the buildings of the former Musikhochschule as well as buildings on the university campus.
The Leopold Mozart Centre was founded after the model of the Hochschule für Musik Mainz as part of the University of Mainz. It is focused on the interchange of music and science, offering music pedagogy, music therapy, mental training and improvisation, among others. The centre offers the common artistic and pedagogical bachelor and master courses such as string instruments, keyboard instruments, voice, wind instruments, percussion, conducting and musicology. All studies include elementary courses in psychology, sociology and political studies. The Collegium Musicum offers possibilities of music making in groups such as the orchestra, choir, chamber choir, big band, and various chamber music ensembles.

## Alumni

Alumni include those of the former Musikhochschule.
* Benjamin Appl (born 1982), German-British lyric baritone
* Measha Brueggergosman (born 1977), opera singer and moderator
* Markus Brutscher (born 1966), operatic tenor
* Werner Egk (1901–1983), composer
* Julia Fischer (born 1983), violinist
* Robert Görl (born 1955), percussion, band DAF
* Eugen Jochum (1902–1987), conductor
* Georg Ludwig Jochum (1909–1970), conductor
* Iva Mihanovic (born 1978), opera singer
* Magda Schneider (1909–1996), actress, mother of Romy Schneider
* Irmgard Seefried (1919–1988), operatic soprano

### Faculty

Faculty members include those of the former conservatory and Musikhochschule.
* Julius Berger (born 1954), chamber music and cello
* Frieder Bernius (born 1947), voice and oratorio
* Lorenzo Ghielmi (born 1959), organ literature and organ playing
* Franz Kelch (1915–2013), voice
* Emmy Lisken (born 1923), voice
* Heinrich Kaspar Schmid (1874–1953), director of the conservatory
* Rudi Spring (born 1962), correpetition and Lied
* Edith Wiens (born 1950), voice
# Leo Belmonte

Leo Abraham Abendana Belmonte (30 October 1875 – 9 October 1956) was a Swedish painter and tapestry artist.

## Early life and family

Leo Belmonte was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on 30 October 1875, the son of the banker Isaac Belmonte. He had a brother James and sisters Helen, Anka, and Fanny. He studied in Sweden and at the Académie Julian in Paris, where he knew Sándor Nagy and met Percyval Tudor-Hart. He married Marguerite and they had a son Daniel and a daughter Yvette.

## Career

Belmonte trained in haute-lisse (high warp) tapestry techniques at the Gobelins Manufactory in Paris, and exhibited textiles and paintings at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. In 1905, he moved to the Gödöllő artists colony in Hungary and won two gold medals when works from Gödöllő were exhibited at the Milan International exhibition of 1906. He returned to France in 1914 and wove using designs by Percyval Tudor-Hart, Edmund Dulac, and Jules Chéret.

## Death

Belmonte died in Paris in 1956.
# Pipri, Asoha

Pipri is a village in Asoha block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is connected to minor district roads and has two primary schools and no healthcare facilities. As of 2011, its population is 1,777, in 347 households.
The 1961 census recorded Pipri as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 669 (345 male and 324 female), in 136 households and 112 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 565 acres.
# Pilot signal

In telecommunications, a pilot signal is a signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for supervisory, control, equalization, continuity, synchronization, or reference purposes.

## Uses in different communication systems
### FM Radio

In FM stereo broadcasting, a pilot tone of 19 kHz indicates that there is stereophonic information at 38 kHz (the second harmonic of the pilot tone). The receiver doubles the frequency of the pilot tone and uses it as a frequency and phase reference to demodulate the stereo information.
If no 19 kHz pilot tone is present, then any signals in the 23–53 kHz range are ignored by a stereo receiver. A guard band of ±4 kHz (15–23 kHz) protects the pilot tone from interference from the baseband audio signal (50 Hz–15 kHz) and from the lower sideband of the double sideband stereo information (23–53 kHz). The third harmonic of the pilot (57 kHz) is used for Radio Data System. The fourth harmonic (76 kHz) is used for Data Radio Channel.

### AM Radio

In AM stereo, the bandwidth is too narrow to accommodate subcarriers, so the modulation itself is changed, and the pilot tone is infrasonic (below the normal hearing range, instead of above it) at a frequency of 25 Hz.

### Television

In some color television standards, the color burst placed after every sync pulse on visible lines (as done in PAL and NTSC) is the pilot signal to indicate that there are color subcarriers present and allow synchronizing the phase of the local oscillator in the demodulation circuitry. However, SECAM features continuous subcarriers which don't need their phase tracked due to being frequency-modulated as compared to the QAM approach of the other systems, thus making it unnecessary.
In the NTSC television system, a pilot tone of 9⁄572 MHz (15,734.27 Hz) is used to indicate the presence of MTS stereo.

### Video Recording

In some analog video formats frequency modulation is the standard method for recording the luminance part of the signal, and is used to record a composite video signal in direct color systems, e.g. Video 2000 and some Hi-band formats a pilot tone is added to the signal to detect and correct timebase errors.

### Cable

In cable service plant infrastructures, two or more pilot frequencies are used to allow network amplifiers to automatically adjust their gain over temperature swings. This is done by the amplifiers having special circuitry that track the frequencies in order to maintain a consistent gain. Without this capability, network amplifiers may drive the signal too strongly or weakly, thus requiring constant adjustment. Pilot frequencies can be generated by an agile modulator, taking the space of analog NTSC channels, or by dedicated equipment. Sometimes it is necessary to employ several independent pilot frequencies. Most radio relay systems use radio or continuity pilots of their own but transmit also the pilot frequencies belonging to the carrier frequency multiplex system.
# List of guns and mortars used by the Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery

The following is a list of guns and mortars used by the Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery (RAA) since its formation in 1901. The Regiment is currently undergoing a period of change, acquiring a new light air-portable 155 mm guns, precision guided munitions and a networked command and fire control system. Meanwhile, a number of Army Reserve regiments are re-equipping with mortars as part of a process of rationalisation.

## Guns and mortars used by the RAA

| Weapon | Calibre | Origin | Type | In service |
| Guns ||||||
| 18-pounder QF Gun | 3.3 inch (84 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1906–1945 |
| 4.5-inch QF Howitzer | 4.5 inch (114 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1916–1945 |
| 8-inch BL Howitizer | 8 inch (203 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1916–1918 |
| 9.2-inch BL Howitzer | 9.2 inch (234 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1916–1918 |
| 6-inch 26-cwt BL Howitzer | 6 inch (152 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1920–1946 |
| 60-pounder BL Gun | 5 inch (127 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1920–1944 |
| 18/25-pounder QF Gun | 3.45 inch (87.6 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1940–1941 |
| 25-pounder QF Gun | 3.45 inch (87.6 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1943–1975 |
| M1917/M1918 Gun | 155 mm | United States | Towed artillery | 1941–1945 |
| Short 25-pounder QF Gun | 3.45 inch (87.6 mm) | Australia / United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1943–1946 |
| 3.7-inch mountain howitzer | 3.7 inch (94 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1942–1943 |
| QF Pack Howitzer | 75 mm | United States | Towed artillery | 1943–1955 |
| M1 'Long Tom' Gun | 155 mm | United States | Towed artillery | 1943–? |
| 5.5-inch BL Gun | 5.5 inch (140 mm) | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1942–1983 |
| Yeramba SP 25-pounder Gun | 3.45 inch (87.6 mm) | Australia | Self-propelled artillery | 1949–1957 |
| M2A2 Howitzer | 105 mm | United States | Towed artillery | 1959–1989 |
| L5 Pack Howitzer | 105 mm | Italy | Towed artillery | 1963–1992 |
| M198 Howitzer | 155 mm | United States | Towed artillery | 1983–Present |
| L119 Hamel Light Gun | 105 mm | United Kingdom | Towed artillery | 1988–2014 |
| M777A2 Howitzer | 155 mm | United Kingdom / United States | Towed artillery | 2011–Present |
| Mortars ||||||
| 2-inch Trench Mortar | 2 inch (50.8 mm) | United Kingdom | Mortar | 1916–1918 |
| 6-inch Trench Mortar | 6 inch (152 mm) | United Kingdom | Mortar | 1917–1918 |
| 9.45-inch Trench Mortar | 9.45 inch (240 mm) | France | Mortar | 1916–1918 |
| 3-inch Trench Mortar | 3.209 inch (81.5 mm) | United Kingdom | Mortar | 1940–1942 |
| 4.2-inch Mortar | 4.2 inch (107 mm) | United States | Mortar | 1942–? |
| F2 Mortar | 81 mm | United Kingdom | Mortar | 2010–Present |
# Northwest Territory (film)

Northwest Territory is a 1951 American Northern film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Kirby Grant, Gloria Saunders and Warren Douglas. The film is the fifth in the series of ten films featuring Kirby Grant as a Canadian Mountie.

## Cast

* Kirby Grant as Corporal Rod Webb
* Gloria Saunders as Anne DuMere
* Warren Douglas as Dan Morgan
* Pat Mitchell as Billy Kellogg
* Tristram Coffin as Kincaid
* John Crawford as LeBeau
* Duke York as Dawson
* Don C. Harvey as Barton
* Sam Flint as Pop Kellogg
* Chinook as Chinook, Webb's dog
# List of directors of Teylers Stichting

This list contains a list of the directors of Teylers Stichting (Teylers Foundation) - there are five directors at the Foundation, which together make up the Board. Appointments were for life, although directors can resign. The years indicate their membership.

## Original appointed directors

The directors appointed in the testament of Pieter Teyler van der Hulst:
* Jacobus Barnaart (1778 - 1780)
* Isaac Brand (1778 - 1782)
* Gerard Hugaart (1778 - 1791)
* Antoni Kuits (1778 - 1789)
* Willem van der Vlugt Sr. (1778 - 1807)

## Co-opted directors

Replacements were added by cooptation.
* Adriaan van Zeebergh (1780 - 1824)
* Jan Herdingh (1782 - 1822)
* Bartel Willem van der Vlugt (1789 - 1839)
* Abraham Hugaart Heems (1791 - 1827)
* Koenraad Hovens (1807 - 1817)
* Willem van der Vlugt (1817 - 1849)
* Vincent Loosjes (1822 - 1841)
* Laurens van Oukerke (1824 - 1835)
* Sybren Klazes Sybrandi (1827 - 1854)
* Vincent van der Vlugt (1835 - 1867)
* Willem van Walré (1839 - 1872)
* Vincent Pzn Herdingh (1841 - 1858)
* Laurens van Hulst (1850 - 1851), resigned
* Jan van der Vlugt (1851 - 1889)
* Carel Godfried Voorhelm Schneevoogt (1854 - 1877)
* Klaas Sybrandi (1858 - 1872)
* Alexander Herdingh (1867 - 1906)
* Willem van Oorde (1872 - 1888)
* Louis Paul Zocher (1872 - 1915)
* Pieter Loosjes (1877 - 1910)
* Daniel de Haan (1889 - 1895)
* Anthonie Wilhelm Thöne (1889 - 1921)
* Jacobus Johannes van Oorde (1895 - 1924), resigned
* Jan Adriaan Fontein (1906 - 1941)
* Pieter Dozy (1910 - 1918), resigned
* Vincent Loosjes II (1915 - 1931)
* Wopco Cnoop Koopmans (1918 - 1946)
* Jan Cornelis Tadema (1921 - 1961)
* Carsten Wilhelm Thöne (1924 - 1969), resigned
* Jan Willem van der Vlugt (1931 - 1963)
* Addick Adrianus Gosling Land (1941 - 1949)
* Theodoor August Wesstra (1946 - 1969)
* René Fontein (1949 - 1963), resigned
* Pieter Jacob Zondervan (1961 - 1973), resigned
* Hendrik Eliza Stenfert Kroese (1963 - 1984)
* Cornelis Wilhelmus Derk Vrijland (1963 - ?)
* Leo van Nouhuys (1969 - ?)
* Gerhard Beets (1970 - ?)
* Lodewijk Herbert Schimmelpenninck (1973 - ?)

## Sources

* Teyler 1778-1978:studies en bijdragen over Teylers Stichting naar aanleiding van het tweede eeuwfeest, by J. H. van Borssum Buisman, H. Enno van Gelder, Pieter Teyler van der Hulst, Schuyt, 1978, ISBN 90-6097-091-8
# Piruanycha ocoa

Piruanycha ocoa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 1997. It is known from Colombia.
# Piper to the Queen Mother

The Piper to the Queen Mother was a position in the British Royal Household in which the holder of the office was responsible for playing the bagpipes at the request of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. The position was established in 1953 and disbanded in 2002 following her death.
The first Piper to the Queen Mother was Leslie de Laspee, Pipe Sergeant of the London Scottish of which the Queen Mother was honorary colonel. Soon afterwards he was appointed Pipe Major. Subsequently, the position was held by the then current Pipe Major of the London Scottish.
The principal duty was to play in the gardens of Clarence House at 9 am for 15 minutes on three mornings per week, and at state events as requested. There was no payment for these duties and the appointment was considered to be an honour.
The pipers holding the position were:
* 1953–1975: P/Sgt (later PM) Leslie de Laspee
* 1975–1985: PM D. Duncan
* 1985–1990: PM John Spoore
* 1990–1999: PM Ian King
* 1999–2001: PM Christopher Macpherson
* 2001–2002: PM John Bracken
Pipe Majors Spoore and Macpherson played at the Queen Mother's funeral in 2002.
Pipe Major Leslie de Laspee played the role of private Bill Millin in the Holywood film The Longest Day (1962). Bill Millin (1922–2010), who was personal piper to Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat, commander of 1 Special Service Brigade at D-Day, is best remembered for playing the pipes whilst under fire during the D-Day landing in Normandy.