OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Charles Dubois

Paul Charles Dubois (French pronunciation:; 28 November 1848 – 4 November 1918) was a Swiss neuropathologist who was a native of La Chaux-de-Fonds.
Dubois studied medicine at the University of Bern, and in 1876 was a general practitioner of medicine in Bern. He was interested in psychosomatic medicine, eventually gaining a reputation as a highly regarded psychotherapist. In 1902 he became a professor of neuropathology at Bern. Dubois was influenced by the writings of German psychiatrist Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773–1843).
Dubois is known for the introduction of "persuasion therapy", a process that employed a rational approach for treatment of neurotic disorders. Within this discipline, he developed a psychotherapeutic methodology that was a form of Socratic dialogue, using the doctor-patient relationship as a means to persuade the patient to change his/her behavior. He believed it was necessary to appeal to a patient's intellect and reason in order to eliminate negative and self-destructive habits. He also maintained it was necessary for the physician to convince the patient of the irrationality of their own neurotic feelings and thought processes. Dubois was disdainful of hypnotic therapy.
Dubois has been described as "the first significant modern proponent" of a rational therapy or cognitive therapy, and for some time in the early 20th century it had competed in popularity with Freudian psychoanalysis, especially in the USA, but is little known today.
His best known written work was the 1904 Les psychonévroses et leur traitement moral, which was later translated into English as "Psychic Treatment of Nervous Disorders (The Psychoneuroses and Their Moral Treatment)". The preface of this book was written by his friend, neurologist Joseph Jules Dejerine (1849–1917). Another influential publication by Dubois was a "mind over matter" treatise titled De l'influence de l'esprit sur le corps. Dubois was also an editor of Constantin von Monakow's Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie (Swiss Archive for Neurology and Psychiatry).
# Monti Sabatini

The Monti Sabatini is a geologic region in Lazio, central Italy, a remnant of intense volcanism which started ca. 600,000 years ago, mainly with pyroclastic and maar forming eruptions which continued until 100,000 years ago. The region is classified as a dormant volcanic district. The mountains are part of the Lazio's Anti-Apennines. Included between the Monti Sabatini is the Lake Bracciano, which is a volcanotectonic depression formed about 3.7 Ma, and the Lake Martignano. The sedimentary base of the Sabatini complex lies buried under 200 m (660 ft) of volcanic ash and rocks.

## Background

The highest point is Monte Rocca Romana (a postcaldera stratocone), at 612 m (2,008 ft).
Other mountains in the area include Monti della Tolfa, Monte Soratte, and more southwards, by the Monti Cornicolani.
# Mad About Physics

Mad about Physics: Brainteasers, Paradoxes, and Curiosities is a book revolving around physics puzzles first released in 2001 and published by Wiley.
It covers mechanics, electricity, magnetism and optics, as well as the physics of sports, space exploration and astronomy. It has been translated into seven languages, including German, Greek, Japanese and Chinese. The book is in its 10th reprinting as of 2013.

## Content

The book contains around 400 questions, along with many marginalia, jokes, anecdotes, and scientific facts. It also contains some quotations from Albert Einstein and the cartoon character Bugs Bunny congruent to the theme of the book.

## Reception and Reviews

Peter Ford, a physicist at the University of Bath in the UK, called Mad about Physics "an interesting new book." He wrote that "many of its problems will be useful for teachers, both at senior level in schools and at universities, for discussion with students in small groups. Such tutorials should be used to encourage students to start talking about physics and 'thinking like a physicist.'"
Carol Ryback wrote, "Here's a quick fix for those brain-teasing inquiries that stick in your mind like an old song. While not limited to astronomy-related trivia, 'Mad about Physics"—like a top-40 countdown on the radio – has an allure that makes you want more."

## Awards

In 2002, Mad about Physics was selected by the New York Public Library as "one of the best" titles of the year 2001 in the teen books and media category.
# Netty van Hoorn

Netty van Hoorn (born 14 June 1951) is a Dutch film director and producer who has won several awards for her work.

## Biography

Van Hoorn was born in Amsterdam on 14 June 1951. She graduated in 1983 at the Dutch Film and Television Academy. She has directed many documentaries, commercials and theater plays.
In the documentary De Droomfabriek (the Dream Factory, 2006) Netty van Hoorn depicts the passion of the students and the teachers at the Havo voor Muziek en Dans (Academy for Music and Dance) in Rotterdam and the large and small dramas of their lives in a school that is unique in the Netherlands.

## Prizes

In 1989 Van Hoorn was nominated for a Golden Calf for the film Sweet & Hot Music. In 1992 she won the Loe de Jong prize for the documentary De watersnoodramp (The flood). In 1995 she was again nominated for a Golden Calf for the documentary The International Singing Star Leo Fuld. In 2002 she won the Dutch Academy Award for the documentary Zelfmoord van een vluchteling (Suicide of a refugee) and was twice nominated for a Golden Calf.

## Filmography

* De zevende etage (1981)
* Ellen Muriël (1983)
* De straat (1985)
* In de war (1986)
* Rok en Rol (1986)
* Sweet & Hot Music (1989)
* Gelati (1990)
* Achter de dijk (1991)
* De watersnoodramp (1992)
* Variété, Artiest voor 't leven (1992)
* Minder beter (1994)
* Na de oorlog (1994)
* De winkelwagentjesbrigade (1994)
* Het verhaal achter het kleine gruwelijke krantenbericht (1994)
* Te koop (1994)
* The international Singing Star Leo Fuld (1995)
* Je gelooft 't niet (1995)
* Verhuis (1995)
* Curaçao, van Watamula tot Punt Kanon (1996) 26 delen
* Curaçao - Tamki Wambu zonder nummer (1997)
* Curaçao - Mooi van binnen en van buiten (1997)
* Curaçao - Mooie meisjes, mooie bloemen (1997)
* Frank McCourt (1998)
* Willem Breuker "Time is an Empty Bottle of Wine" (2000)
* Zelfmoord van een vluchteling (2002)
* Circus en Variété - Het bloed kruipt.......... (2004)
* Macbeth aan de Maas (2005)
* De Droomfabriek (2006/2007)
* Een noodlottige ontmoeting (2007)
# No. 278 Squadron

No. 278 Squadron may refer to:
* No. 278 Squadron RAF, in the United Kingdom
* No. 278 Squadron RAAF, in Australia
# Gnome Gamma

The Gnome 7 Gamma was a French designed, seven-cylinder, air-cooled rotary aero engine. Powering several pre-World War I era aircraft types it produced 70 horsepower (52 kW) from its capacity of 12 litres (680 cubic inches).
A 14-cylinder variant was known as the Gnome 14 Gamma-Gamma.

## Variants
### Gnome 7 Gamma

    Seven-cylinder, single-row rotary engine.

### Gnome 14 Gamma-Gamma

    14-cylinder, two-row rotary engine using Gamma cylinders. 140 hp (104 kW).

## Applications

List from Lumsden

### Gnome 7 Gamma

* Blériot XXI
* Bristol Biplane Type T
* Bristol Prier-Dickson
* Henry Farman Biplane
* Grahame-White Passenger Biplane VIIc
* Handley Page H.P.3
* Morane-Borel seaplane
* Nieuport Monoplane
* Paulhan Biplane
* Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.3
* Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.4
* Short School Biplane
* Short S.32
* Short S.36
* Short S.38
* Short S.45
* Sopwith Three-Seater
* Vickers No.6 Monoplane
* Vickers No.8 Monoplane

### Gnome 14 Gamma-Gamma

* Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.7
* Short S.41

## Specifications (Gnome 7 Gamma)

Data from Lumsden.

### General characteristics

* Type: 7-cylinder, single-row, rotary engine
* Bore: 120 mm (4.7 in)
* Stroke: 130 mm (5.1 in)
* Displacement: 11.14 L (679.84 cu in)
* Length: 112.7 cm (44.4 in)
* Diameter: 86.9 cm (34.2 in)

### Components

* Valvetrain: Automatic centre-piston inlet valve, overhead exhaust valve (one each per cylinder)
* Cooling system: Air-cooled
* Reduction gear: Direct drive, right-hand tractor, left-hand pusher

### Performance

* Power output: 52.2 kW (70 hp) at 1,200 rpm
# Lindrith, New Mexico

Lindrith is an unincorporated community in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. Lindrith is located in southern Rio Arriba County along New Mexico State Road 595. Lindrith has a post office with ZIP code 87029. The Lindrith Airpark, a public-use airport, is located in Lindrith. Lindrith has a charter elementary school, the Lindrith Area Heritage School.

## Climate

Climate data for Lindrith 1 WSW, New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, 1971-2020 extremes: 7220ft (2201m) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 65 (18) | 67 (19) | 75 (24) | 84 (29) | 93 (34) | 99 (37) | 100 (38) | 97 (36) | 93 (34) | 84 (29) | 74 (23) | 65 (18) | 100 (38) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 53.9 (12.2) | 55.8 (13.2) | 67.8 (19.9) | 75.3 (24.1) | 83.8 (28.8) | 92.6 (33.7) | 94.5 (34.7) | 90.9 (32.7) | 86.6 (30.3) | 77.7 (25.4) | 64.5 (18.1) | 55.5 (13.1) | 95.3 (35.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 39.5 (4.2) | 43.3 (6.3) | 52.2 (11.2) | 60.4 (15.8) | 69.5 (20.8) | 82.2 (27.9) | 85.2 (29.6) | 82.2 (27.9) | 75.3 (24.1) | 63.3 (17.4) | 49.8 (9.9) | 39.7 (4.3) | 61.9 (16.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 25.7 (−3.5) | 29.7 (−1.3) | 37.2 (2.9) | 43.8 (6.6) | 53.0 (11.7) | 64.3 (17.9) | 69.0 (20.6) | 66.5 (19.2) | 59.0 (15.0) | 46.9 (8.3) | 35.1 (1.7) | 25.8 (−3.4) | 46.3 (8.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 11.9 (−11.2) | 16.1 (−8.8) | 22.2 (−5.4) | 27.1 (−2.7) | 36.5 (2.5) | 46.4 (8.0) | 52.8 (11.6) | 50.8 (10.4) | 42.8 (6.0) | 30.6 (−0.8) | 20.5 (−6.4) | 11.9 (−11.2) | 30.8 (−0.7) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −4.3 (−20.2) | 1.0 (−17.2) | 7.9 (−13.4) | 15.1 (−9.4) | 23.9 (−4.5) | 34.4 (1.3) | 45.6 (7.6) | 43.5 (6.4) | 30.5 (−0.8) | 17.3 (−8.2) | 4.3 (−15.4) | −5.2 (−20.7) | −8.4 (−22.4) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −25 (−32) | −22 (−30) | −8 (−22) | −2 (−19) | 12 (−11) | 21 (−6) | 31 (−1) | 35 (2) | 18 (−8) | 6 (−14) | −19 (−28) | −25 (−32) | −25 (−32) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.09 (28) | 1.15 (29) | 1.13 (29) | 0.95 (24) | 1.12 (28) | 0.72 (18) | 2.60 (66) | 2.09 (53) | 1.29 (33) | 1.19 (30) | 0.88 (22) | 1.26 (32) | 15.47 (392) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 12.50 (31.8) | 9.30 (23.6) | 6.60 (16.8) | 2.90 (7.4) | 0.10 (0.25) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 2.30 (5.8) | 5.80 (14.7) | 10.90 (27.7) | 50.4 (128.05) |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: XMACIS2 (records & monthly max/mins) ||||||||||||||
# Makhanaha

Makhanaha may refer to:
* Makhanaha, Janakpur, Nepal
* Makhanaha, Sagarmatha, Nepal
# Magnolia Lane Plantation

The Magnolia Lane Plantation, also known as the Fortier Plantation, is a historic plantation located on the Mississippi River in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana along LA 541. The plantation was owned in 1784 by Edward Fortier, during the Spanish colonial period. After being purchased in 1867 the plantation changed its name.
The plantation house and a 13.25 acres (5.36 ha) area comprising several non contributing structures was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 13, 1986.
The plantation home and property has been used for many major motion picture productions filmed in the New Orleans area.
# Netty (software)

Netty is a non-blocking I/O client-server framework for the development of Java network applications such as protocol servers and clients. The asynchronous event-driven network application framework and tools are used to simplify network programming such as TCP and UDP socket servers. Netty includes an implementation of the reactor pattern of programming. Originally developed by JBoss, Netty is now developed and maintained by the Netty Project Community.
Besides being an asynchronous network application framework, Netty also includes built-in implementations of SSL/TLS, HTTP, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, WebSockets, DNS, Protocol Buffers, SPDY and other protocols. Netty is not a Java web container, but is able to run inside one, and supports message compression. Netty has been actively developed since 2004.
Beginning with version 4.0.0, Netty also supports the usage of NIO.2 as a backend, along with NIO and blocking Java sockets.
# Noga (surname)

Noga is a surname. It may refer to:
* Al Noga (born 1965), American football player
* Artur Noga (born 1988), Polish hurdler
* Niko Noga (born 1962), American football player
* Paulo Noga (born 1980), Portuguese footballer
* Pete Noga (born 1964), American football player
# Urophora acompsa

Urophora acompsa is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Urophora of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Peru.
# Judge Edgerton

Judge Edgerton may refer to:
* Alonzo J. Edgerton (1827–1896), judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota
* Henry White Edgerton (1888–1970), judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
# Le Lorrain

Le Lorrain (French pronunciation:; Martinican Creole: Loren) is a town and commune in the French overseas region and department of Martinique.

## Personalities

* Raphaël Confiant
* Jean Bernabé
# Queensferry

Queensferry may refer to several places:
* North Queensferry, Fife, Scotland
* South Queensferry, Edinburgh, Scotland
* Queensferry (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
* Queensferry, Flintshire, Wales
* Queensferry, Victoria, Australia
# Mahmoud Khalil (footballer)

Mahmoud Khalil (born 12 January 1995) is an Iraqi footballer who plays as a forward for Iraq Stars League club Al-Karma.

## International career

On 12 January 2021, Mahmoud Khalil made his first international cap with Iraq against the UAE in a friendly.
# Kellerhals

Kellerhals is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Erich Kellerhals (1939–2017), German billionaire businessman
* Ruth Kellerhals (born 1957), Swiss mathematician
# Nkomati mine

The Nkomati mine is a large mine in the north-east of South Africa near Machadodorp in Mpumalanga. Nkomati represents one of the largest nickel reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 408.6 million tonnes of ore grading 0.33% nickel. The 408.6 million tonnes of ore contains 1.35 million tonnes of nickel metal.
# V. Navaratnam

Vaithianathan Navaratnam (25 October 1910 – 22 December 2006) was a Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer, politician and Member of Parliament.

## Early life and family

Navaratnam was born on 25 October 1910. He was the son of Vaithianathan from Karampon on the island of Velanaitivu in northern Ceylon. He was educated at Karampon Shanmuganathan Maha Vidyalayam, St. Patrick's College, Jaffna and Ananda College. After school he joined Ceylon Law College, graduating as a proctor in 1936.
Navaratnam married his first cousin Parameswari. They had five sons (Chandra Mohan, Jagadishan, Jegan Mohan, Raj Mohan and Bala Mohan) and a daughter (Shyamala).

## Career

Navaratnam became interested in politics following Ceylonese independence in 1948. He was appointed joint secretary of the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (Federal Party) when it was founded in 1949.
Navaratnam stood as ITAK's candidate in Kayts at the 1952 parliamentary election but was defeated by the All Ceylon Tamil Congress candidate Alfred Thambiayah. He was ITAK's theoretician and played an important role in the formulation of the Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact. Navaratnam stood as ITAK's candidate in the constituency in the 1963 by-election following the sitting MP V. A. Kandiah's death. He won the election and entered Parliament. He was re-elected at the 1965 parliamentary election.
An ardent Tamil nationlist, Navaratnam fell out with the ITAK leadership over its decision to join Dudley Senanayake's national government and left the party in 1968. In 1969 he founded the Tamils Suyaadchchi Kazahagam (Tamil Self Rule Party) which campaigned for Tamil self-rule and independence for the Tamil speaking provinces of Ceylon. He stood as an independent candidate in Kayts at the 1970 and 1977 parliamentary elections but on each occasion was defeated the ITAK/Tamil United Liberation Front candidate K. P. Ratnam.
Navaratnam has written two books: Ceylon Faces Crisis (1956) and The Fall and Rise of the Tamil Nation (1995). He died on 22 December 2006 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He was posthumously conferred the title of Naattu Patralar (patriot) by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
# Mario López Estrada

Mario López Estrada (21 March 1938 – 20 March 2023) was a Guatemalan telecommunications businessman and billionaire. He was the president and main shareholder of Tigo Guatemala.

## Biography

López Estrada studied Civil Engineering at Guatemala's San Carlos University. He started his professional career working as a public employee in Municipalidad de Guatemala (Guatemala City Hall) and Central Government. He then became an entrepreneur in the construction of roads across Guatemala and later housing projects. In 1972, he founded Constructora Maya, an independent construction company.
From 1986 to 1991, he worked as Minister for Communications, Infrastructure and Housing during the government of President Vinicio Cerezo. In 1993, he acquired a share of Comunicaciones Celulares, the state-owned, monopolistic telecommunications company that was about to be privatized. His participation in Comcel grew to 45% through successive share purchases. Comcel became the country's largest mobile phone service provider and was renamed Tigo Guatemala. In 2021, Millicom purchased López Estrada's 45% stake in Tigo for US$2.2 billion.
In 2015, he became a billionaire, according to Forbes. López Estrada was also the founder and President of the Board of Directors of Tigo Foundation. According to its website, Tigo Foundation is dedicated to support children in Guatemala with healthcare, education and sports. Their website also cites that from its foundation in 2009 to 2017, 250 schools have been built in the rural areas in Guatemala.
López Estrada was also a minority stakeholder in the local newspaper Prensa Libre.

## Distinctions

* May 2017: "Excellence in Business Recognition" from Forbes during the Genius Disruption forum in Guatemala City
# Società

Società (Italian: Society) was an Italian communist cultural magazine published in Italy between 1945 and 1961.

## History and profile

Società was founded as a quarterly magazine in Florence in 1945. The founders were Ranuccio Bianchi Bandinelli, Cesare Luporini and Romano Bilenchi. Bandinelli also directed the magazine. In 1948 the magazine became closer to the Italian Communist Party (PCI), but was not published by the party. The headquarters was later moved to Rome, and in 1954 its frequency was switched to bimonthly.
Società featured Italian fiction and poetry and occasionally included some essays on the theater and the cinema. It was one of the publications read by the Italian intellectuals, who had Gramscian views. Giorgio Napolitano was one of the regular contributors of the magazine. The magazine folded in 1961.
# Lee Ju-hwan

Lee Ju-hwan(Korean: 이주환(李珠煥); April 10, 1909 - December 2, 1972) was an Ingan-munhwage of Korean traditional song, Gangtok, which is the 41st Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea. He is also a master of gasa, which is Korean traditional literature that is an intermediate form of poetry and prose and Lee Ju-hwan is designated as Ingan-munhwage of 30th Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea gasa either. He used Sonam (Korean: 소남(韶南)) as a pseudonym.

## Biography

Lee Ju-hwan was born in 1909 May 24 lunar in Jongno-gu, Gwansudong 30, Seoul as the second son of Lee Gik-sang and Choi Game-yeo. His original name was Bok-Gil (Korean: 복길(福吉);). In March 1928, he graduated Gyodong public elementary school and entered Part of the aakbuwon Training Center of the yiwangjik aakbu as the 3rd group in April. At that time yiwangjik aakbu gathered students every 5 years and the 3rd group has only 18 members. Sung Kyung-lin, Lee Seok-Jae, Bong Hae-song, Kim Bo-nam, Kim Young-un are all his alumni in yiwangjik aakbu 3rd members. when he was 3rd grade at yiwangjik aakbu, he made Jeonakhoe (Korean: 전악회(展樂會);), which was a group for restoration of aak, traditional music during the Royal ceremony, with his friends. One month before graduating the yiwangjik aakbu, he married Shin Chang-hee in February 1931. In March 1931, he graduated with honors and was designated as an asks (Korean: 아악수 (雅樂手);) who is an aak player. On August 26, 1935, his wife Shin Chang-hee died. He started transcript Yeochang ago after his wife's death and became the head of aak in November 1937. After the independence of Korea, he started to teach Korean dance as an instructor at the yiwangjik aakbu practice room and he also tried to spread ago and Sijo, Korean traditional poetry.

## Career

In 1928, organizing Jeonakhoe (Korean: 전악회(展樂會);) for the restoration of aak In April 1931, becoming the head of Baku (Korean: 아악수 (雅樂手);) in 1933, making advice to transfer the format of Jeongganbo In 1935, completed the transcription of Nanchang ago In August 1945, becoming the Director of Liberal Arts in former royal aakbu From April 1, 1962, to September 1, 1972, Korean music instructor in Gukaksa school(currently is the Jukka highschool) In February 1971, establishing ago and gasa school

## Awards

In May 1958, winning the 7th Seoul culture award In July 1971, winning the Academy of Arts award 1958.5. 제7회 서울시 문화상 수상
# Burthecourt-aux-Chênes

Burthecourt-aux-Chênes (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France.

## Politics and administration

List of successive mayors :
| Start | End | Name |
| 1989 | 2008 | Maurice Dartoy |
| 2008 | 2015 | Daniel Colin |
| 2015 | 2020 | Véronique Huchot |
| 2020 | current | Colette Colin |
# Koçyazı, Yunak

Koçyazı (formerly: Çıpkanlı) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Yunak, Konya Province, Turkey. Its population is 964 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is 122 km (76 miles) from Afyon, 180 km (110 miles) from Konya, 60 km (37 miles) from Akşehir, and 18 km (11 miles) from Yunak. The climate of the locality is within the domain of the continental climate.

## Politics

Kocyazi was managed by the municipality until 2015. After 2015, the Municipality of Kocyazi was left to the Neighborhood Representative of the municipalities with the Law No. 6360 of Metropolitan.
Mayors :
| Mayor names | Management year | Political Party | Buyer Rate – Percentage |
| Şaban Arat | 2009–2014 | Ak Parti | 371 – %37.21 |
| Osman Odabaşı | 2004–2009 | Ak Parti | 553 – %42.80 |
| İbrahim Ünlü | 1999–2004 | Refah Partisi | 440 – %34.89 |
| Kadir Budak | 1994–1999 | Doğru Yol Partisi | 518 – %27.68 |
| Osman Gündoğdu | 1989–1994 | Refah Partisi | 667 – %61.65 |
| Ali Osman Tanrıöver | 1993–1994 | Ana Vatan Partisi | Opening the Municipality |
Neighborhood Representative :
| Representative names | Management year | Buyer Rate – Percentage |
| Mahmut İçen | 2014 – present | 546 – %42.45 |

## Economy

The economy of the neighborhood is based on agriculture, animal husbandry, and trade.

## Service department

In the neighborhood, there are primary and secondary schools. PTT branch. PTT agency, Family Health Center, Reeve Department, and Fire Department. Its infrastructure includes a drinking water network and sewerage.