OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jun Chen (astronomer)

Minor planets discovered: 10 :
| (15807) 1994 GV9 | April 15, 1994 | MPC |
| (15820) 1994 TB | October 2, 1994 | MPC |
| (15874) 1996 TL66 | October 9, 1996 | MPC |
| (15883) 1997 CR29 | February 3, 1997 | MPC |
| (20108) 1995 QZ9 | August 29, 1995 | MPC |
| (20161) 1996 TR66 | October 8, 1996 | MPC |
| (32929) 1995 QY$_9$ | August 31, 1995 | MPC |
| (33001) 1997 CU29 | February 6, 1997 | MPC |
| 79360 Sila–Nunam | February 3, 1997 | MPC |
| (118228) 1996 TQ66 | October 8, 1996 | MPC |
| $^A$ with David C. Jewitt $^B$ with Chad Trujillo $^C$ with Jane Luu |||
Jun Chen is a Chinese American astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.
She obtained her BS at Beijing University in 1990, and obtained her PhD from the University of Hawaii in 1997. Working together with David Jewitt and Jane Luu and other astronomers, she has co-discovered a number of Kuiper belt objects. The Minor Planet Center credits her with the co-discovery of 10 minor planets during 1994–1997.
She is currently working as a software developer in private industry.
# Quaternionic matrix

A quaternionic matrix is a matrix whose elements are quaternions.

## Matrix operations

The quaternions form a noncommutative ring, and therefore addition and multiplication can be defined for quaternionic matrices as for matrices over any ring.
Addition. The sum of two quaternionic matrices A and B is defined in the usual way by element-wise addition:
    $(A+B)_{ij}=A_{ij}+B_{ij}.\,$
Multiplication. The product of two quaternionic matrices A and B also follows the usual definition for matrix multiplication. For it to be defined, the number of columns of A must equal the number of rows of B. Then the entry in the ith row and jth column of the product is the dot product of the ith row of the first matrix with the jth column of the second matrix. Specifically:
    $(AB)_{ij}=\sum _{s}A_{is}B_{sj}.\,$
For example, for
    $U={\begin{pmatrix}u_{11}&u_{12}\\u_{21}&u_{22}\\\end{pmatrix}},\quad V={\begin{pmatrix}v_{11}&v_{12}\\v_{21}&v_{22}\\\end{pmatrix}},$
the product is
    $UV={\begin{pmatrix}u_{11}v_{11}+u_{12}v_{21}&u_{11}v_{12}+u_{12}v_{22}\\u_{21}v_{11}+u_{22}v_{21}&u_{21}v_{12}+u_{22}v_{22}\\\end{pmatrix}}.$
Since quaternionic multiplication is noncommutative, care must be taken to preserve the order of the factors when computing the product of matrices.
The identity for this multiplication is, as expected, the diagonal matrix I = diag(1, 1, ... , 1). Multiplication follows the usual laws of associativity and distributivity. The trace of a matrix is defined as the sum of the diagonal elements, but in general
    $\operatorname {trace} (AB)\neq \operatorname {trace} (BA).$
Left scalar multiplication, and right scalar multiplication are defined by
    $(cA)_{ij}=cA_{ij},\qquad (Ac)_{ij}=A_{ij}c.\,$
Again, since multiplication is not commutative some care must be taken in the order of the factors.

## Determinants

There is no natural way to define a determinant for (square) quaternionic matrices so that the values of the determinant are quaternions. Complex valued determinants can be defined however. The quaternion a + bi + cj + dk can be represented as the 2×2 complex matrix
    ${\begin{bmatrix}~~a+bi&c+di\\-c+di&a-bi\end{bmatrix}}.$
This defines a map Ψ$_{mn}$ from the m by n quaternionic matrices to the 2m by 2n complex matrices by replacing each entry in the quaternionic matrix by its 2 by 2 complex representation. The complex valued determinant of a square quaternionic matrix A is then defined as det(Ψ(A)). Many of the usual laws for determinants hold; in particular, an n by n matrix is invertible if and only if its determinant is nonzero.

## Applications

Quaternionic matrices are used in quantum mechanics and in the treatment of multibody problems.
# Luboš Lom

Luboš Lom (3 February 1965 – 26 February 2022) was a Czech cyclist. He competed in two events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# June MacCloy

June Mary MacCloy (June 2, 1909 – May 5, 2005) was an American actress and singer in the 1930s and 1940s.

## Early years

The daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Louis V. MacCloy, she was born in Sturgis, Michigan, on June 2, 1909, and grew up in Toledo, Ohio.

## Theater

In 1928 she joined Vanities, produced by Earl Carroll, but her mother forced her to quit due to her skimpy costume. When she was a teenager, MacCloy impersonated Broadway star Harry Richman, singing in George White's Scandals (1928).
Just prior to making her first movie MacCloy was working in New York City clubs such as the Abbey and Chateau Madrid. She also toured with a Parkington Vaudeville Unit, which used the designing talents of a young Vincente Minnelli. After her film début she appeared on Broadway in Hot-Cha (1932).

## Movies

Signed by Paramount Pictures in 1930, she was loaned out to United Artists for her first feature, Reaching for the Moon (1931). She plays 'Kitty,' Bebe Daniels' flirtatious best friend. The director, Edmund Goulding, was casting another Fairbanks film when he heard about MacCloy and wired her to come and test. Her first Paramount film was June Moon (1931), based on the play by George S. Kaufman and Ring Lardner.
Subsequently, MacCloy appeared in a variety of shorts and some features with stars such as Jack Oakie, Frances Dee and ZaSu Pitts. With co-stars Gertrude Short and Marion Shilling, she made a series of shorts for RKO-Pathé called The Gay Girls. One of her directors was the then disgraced Fatty Arbuckle. She co-starred with Leon Errol in the second full Technicolor film Good Morning, Eve! (1934), released just after another Leon Errol short Service With a Smile (1934).
MacCloy is probably best remembered today for her last major film role as Lulubelle, the saloon girl in Go West (1940), starring the Marx Brothers.

## Singer

MacCloy subsequently sang with dance orchestras, including Johnny Hamp, Henry King, Jimmie Grier and Ben Pollack. In San Francisco she was featured with the Williams-Walsh Orchestra (Griff Williams and Jimmy Walsh) at the Hotel Mark Hopkins. Her band work took her to Chicago and many other cities.

## Personal life and death

In March 1931, MacCloy was sued for divorce in Cincinnati, Ohio by Wilbur Guthlein. MacCloy married Schuyler Schenck in 1931 and divorced him in 1933. In December 1941, she married architect and fellow jazz enthusiast Neal Wendell Butler, with whom she raised two children. They remained married until his death in 1985.
MacCloy died May 5, 2005, of natural causes in a nursing home in Sonoma, California.

## Selected filmography

* June Moon (1931)
* Glamour for Sale (1940)
* Go West (1940) as Lulubelle
# Norman MacLachlan

Norman MacLachlan (12 October 1858 – 18 February 1928) was an English first-class cricketer and educator.
The son of Thomas MacLachlan, he was born at Darlington in October 1858. He was educated near Edinburgh at the Loretto School, before going up to Keble College, Oxford. He played first-class cricket for Oxford University while studying there, making his debut against the Gentlemen of England in 1879. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1882, making twenty appearances and captaining the team in his final year. Described by the Wisden Cricketers' Almanack as a “moderate batsman, but a good fast-medium paced bowler and an active field”, MacLachlan took 38 wickets in his twenty matches at an average of 17.76, with best figures of 6 for 40, which was his only five wicket haul. With the bat, he scored 252 runs at an average of 8.40 and a high score of 27. In addition to playing cricket for Oxford, MacLachlan also played rugby as a back for Oxford University RFC.
After graduating from Oxford, MacLachlan became a schoolteacher. His first teaching post was at Aysgarth School in 1882–83, before holding the same post at Lambrook (1883–84) and at Loretto School (1884–92). In 1892, he was appointed joint-headmaster of Routenbourne Preparatory School, before being appointed the sole headmaster in July 1901. MacLachlan died at Torquay in February 1928.
# Mil-OSS

Mil-OSS, also known as the Military Open Source Software Working Group, is a group that promotes the use and creation of open-source software in the United States Department of Defense. Mil-OSS is considered a working group of Open Source for America.
# Jurakudai

The Jurakudai or Jurakutei (聚樂第/聚楽第) was a palace constructed at the order of Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Kyoto, Japan.

## History

Construction began in 1586, when Hideyoshi had taken the post of Kampaku, and required nineteen months to complete. Its total area was almost equal to the Imperial Palace Enclosure. It was decorated exceptionally lavishly, but had thick walls and a moat more reminiscent of fortresses such as that at Osaka. It was located in present-day Kamigyō, on the site where the Imperial palace had stood in the Heian period.
In late 1587, following the Jurakudai's completion, Hideyoshi moved there from his castle at Osaka, just after his victory over the Shimazu family in Kyūshū. He made it the base for his administration and invited Go-Yōzei, the reigning emperor, to stay there in the first month of 1588. Maeda Geni, one of his Five Commissioners, studied previous receptions of emperors and the requisite protocols. The emperor was escorted by many Court nobles, mounted samurai (including Hideyoshi's foremost generals), and "innumerable men at arms". Hideyoshi rode immediately afterwards, the highest ranking Court official in his capacity as Kampaku. Within the Jurakudai itself, the great daimyō awaited the emperor, most importantly Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobukatsu. The emperor stayed in the palace for five days, and the daimyō gathered there were asked to sign an oath to the following principles:
* "We who are assembled here weep tears of gratitude for the presence of His Majesty."
* "If any evil persons should attempt to confiscate Crown estates or the property of Court nobles, we will take action against them, and we bind ourselves and our descendants to carry out this undertaking."
* "We swear that we will obey the commands of the Regent down to the smallest particular."
Kusunoki Masatora is the source for these events, having recorded them in his diary.
In 1589, the most important Court nobles and daimyō were again invited to the Jurakudai. Here Hideyoshi displayed a vast amount – approximately 5.5 tonnes (6.1 tons) – of gold and silver heaped on plates; it was then distributed among those gathered.
When Hideyoshi resigned from the post of Kanpaku in 1591, his nephew Toyotomi Hidetsugu assumed the position; he took up residence at Jurakudai with Hideyoshi's other nephew, Toyotomi Hidekatsu. Hidetsugu hosted a second visit for Go-Yōzei. However, Hideyoshi began to construct his new castle in 1594 and when Hidetsugu was forced to commit seppuku in 1595, the Jurakudai was dismantled, with many parts being moved to Fushimi and reassembled.
Some buildings of the Jurakudai survive, among them the Hiun-kaku at Nishi Hongan-ji, the Karamon at Daitoku-ji, and the front gate at Myōkaku-ji (all in Kyoto). Recent excavations have yielded some tiles bearing gold leaf.
# Justice Barnes

Justice Barnes may refer to:
* Alanson H. Barnes (1817–1890), associate justice of the South Dakota Supreme Court
* Charles P. Barnes (1869–1951), associate justice and chief justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court
* John Barnes (judge) (1859–1919), associate justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
* John B. Barnes (1846–1921), associate justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court
* Richmond P. Barnes (1859–1946), associate justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court
* Wilson K. Barnes (1907–1997), associate justice of the Maryland Court of Appeals
# Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women

The Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women (formerly known as the S.I.E.T Women’s College) was established in 1955 with the aim of imparting higher education to women. The institution is maintained by the Southern India Education Trust and was founded by Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed.

## History

Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed (20 February 1900 - 7 February 1984) was a lawyer who later became a Judge at the Madras High Court in 1959. He believed that the best possible service to society was to equip women students from economically and socially backward communities with education of the highest quality. This resulted in the establishment of S.I.E.T. Women’s College. In 1951, he was instrumental in establishing the Boys' College, now known as ‘The New College’.

## Academics

The college offers undergraduate courses in Historical Studies, Political Science, Corporate Economics, English Literature, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Zoology, Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Nutrition, F.S.M. & Dietetics, Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Interior Design & Décor, Psychology, Biochemistry General, Biochemistry with Vocational Biotechnology, B.Com(general), B.Com(CS), B.Com. (Honours), Information System Management, Tourism & Travel Management, Statistics, Microbiology, Computer Science, B.C.A., Electronics and Communication Science and B.B.A.
The College offers postgraduate courses in English Literature, Counselling and Guidance / Advanced Organizational Behaviour (C&G /AOB), Applied Psychology, Zoology, Home Science, Textile Science and Fashion Designing, Child Development & Essentials of Nutrition, M.Com., Corporate Economics, Applied Microbiology, Mathematics, Computer Science, M.C.A., M.Com(CS) and Physics. There are also M.Phil courses in Applied Psychology (Sp. Student Counselling), Home Science, Textiles and Clothing, Human Development and Family Studies, Commerce, Zoology and Corporate Secretaryship, and Ph.D courses in Psychology (Inter-disciplinary Research), Zoology- Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Biology & Physiology, Environmental Biotechnology and Human Science.

## Notable alumni

* Daggubati Purandeswari, former Union Minister of State for Commerce and Industry
* Bhuvana Natarajan, translator and short story writer
* Sivasankari
* Uma Ramanan, playback singer
* Riythvika, film actress
* V. J. Chitra Tamil television actress
# Milnathort

Milnathort is a small town in the parish of Orwell in the county of Kinross-shire, Scotland and since 1996, the local council area of Perth and Kinross. The smaller neighbour of nearby Kinross, Milnathort has a population of around 2,000 people. It is situated amidst countryside at the foot of the Ochil Hills, and near the north shore of Loch Leven. From 1977 it became more easily accessible due to the development of the M90 motorway. The name comes from the Gaelic maol coirthe meaning "bare hill of the standing stones".

## Amenities

Milnathort's amenities are typical of a small Scottish town with a nine-hole golf course, a park, countryside bike path, primary school, a range of pubs, cafés and a shop selling ice cream. Milnathort Town Hall was completed in 1855.

## Church

The main church in Milnathort was built as a Secessionist Church in the north of the town and known as the Orwell Church which was built as a chapel in 1741 by the Old Light Burghers and rebuilt in 1821. It amalgamated briefly with the Church of Scotland in 1839 before transferring to the Free Church of Scotland in 1843. The manse was erected by the Free church in 1850 to house Rev James Thornton (1791-1874). The most notable minister was Walter Chalmers Smith.

## Schools

The only school is Milnathort Primary School. The high school is Loch Leven Community Campus, just outside the town.

## Notable people

* John Calder, publisher
* Prof David Hepburn FRSE, anatomist, President of the Anatomical Society 1916–1918.
* Laura Muir, middle-distance runner
* Lucinda Russell, 2017 and 2023 Grand National-winning horse trainer
* Walter Chalmers Smith, Free Church minister and poet
* Frankie Poullain, bassist for rock band The Darkness (band), was raised in Milnathort.
# Chuquiña

Chuquiña is a small town in Bolivia. In 2009 it had an estimated population of 1048.

## Climate

Climate data for Chuquiña, elevation 3,735 m (12,254 ft) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) | 18.8 (65.8) | 19.2 (66.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.4 (63.3) | 17.5 (63.5) | 18.5 (65.3) | 19.2 (66.6) | 20.5 (68.9) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 19.1 (66.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) | 11.9 (53.4) | 11.8 (53.2) | 10.9 (51.6) | 8.5 (47.3) | 6.1 (43.0) | 6.8 (44.2) | 9.0 (48.2) | 10.5 (50.9) | 11.8 (53.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 10.3 (50.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) | 5.0 (41.0) | 4.6 (40.3) | 2.5 (36.5) | −1.5 (29.3) | −5.2 (22.6) | −3.9 (25.0) | −0.5 (31.1) | 1.8 (35.2) | 3.1 (37.6) | 3.7 (38.7) | 4.7 (40.5) | 1.6 (34.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 127.1 (5.00) | 105.4 (4.15) | 137.3 (5.41) | 158.2 (6.23) | 154.3 (6.07) | 139.4 (5.49) | 145.9 (5.74) | 162.1 (6.38) | 176.2 (6.94) | 191.8 (7.55) | 189.2 (7.45) | 156.8 (6.17) | 1,843.7 (72.58) |
| Average precipitation days | 14.6 | 12.3 | 9.4 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 9.7 | 64.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76.6 | 77.0 | 73.0 | 68.6 | 62.2 | 57.8 | 58.7 | 58.2 | 59.5 | 58.9 | 66.4 | 70.6 | 65.6 |
| Source: Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia ||||||||||||||
# Hiram Mills

Major Hiram Mills (c. 1796–1882) was an American-born philanthropist.
Originally from Virginia, Mills moved to Montreal at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. Mills inherited a substantial sum from his father, who had been a plantation owner, but generally declined to discuss his previous career and asked that no obituary be published for him.
Mills was a generous, but eccentric, philanthropist. The Irish Canadian newspaper reported that he had been a board member of every Protestant charity in Montreal, and in 1879 he helped finance the establishment of a new hospital in the western end of the city. At one point, Mills offered $20,000 to the city to purchase bread for the poor, but attached so many conditions to the bequest that it was refused.
Mills joined a Southern Masonic Lodge in 1819 and, upon his death in 1882, it was reported that he had been amongst the oldest, if not the oldest, Freemason in Canada.
Mills bequeathed $43,000 to McGill College (now McGill University) to establish a gold medal, a scholarship, and an endowed chair in classics. Mills left a further $30,000 to the Western Hospital and $20,000 to the Anglican church, but left no provision for his widow. McGill College and the Anglican synod established a pension of $450 per annum for Mrs. Mills.
Mills is interred in a mausoleum at Mount Royal Cemetery.