OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William P. Murphy

William Parry Murphy Sr. (February 6, 1892 – October 9, 1987) was an American physician who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and George Hoyt Whipple for their combined work in devising and treating macrocytic anemia (specifically, pernicious anemia).

## Early life

Murphy was born on February 6, 1892, at Stoughton, Wisconsin and moved to Condon, Oregon as a youth. His father, Thomas Francis Murphy, was a congregational minister of English and Irish heritage. His mother, Rosa Anna Parry, was of a Welsh landowning background. Murphy was educated at the public schools of Wisconsin and Oregon. He completed his A.B. degree in 1914 from the University of Oregon. He completed his M.D. in 1922 from Harvard Medical School.

## Career

In 1924, Murphy bled dogs to make them anemic (work inspired by war injury work), and then fed them various substances to gauge their improvement. He discovered that ingesting large amounts of liver seemed to restore anemia more quickly of all foods. Minot and Whipple then set about to chemically isolate the curative substance. These investigations showed that iron in the liver was responsible for curing anemia from bleeding, but meanwhile liver had been tried on people with pernicious anemia and some effect was seen there, also. The active ingredient in this case, found serendipitously, was not iron, but rather a water-soluble extract containing a new substance. From this extract, chemists were ultimately able to isolate vitamin B$_{12}$ from the liver. Even before the vitamin had been completely characterized, the knowledge that raw liver and its extracts treated pernicious anemia (previously a terminal disease) was a major advance in medicine. Minot and Murphy's famous paper Treatment of pernicious anemia by a special diet was published in 1926.
In 1930, Murphy was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh with George Minot.
In 1951, Murphy was one of seven Nobel Laureates who attended the 1st Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting.

## Personal life

Murphy married Pearl Harriett Adams (died 1980) on September 10, 1919. They had a son, William P. Murphy Jr., and a daughter, Priscilla Adams.
Murphy died on October 9, 1987 in Brookline, Massachusetts at the age of 95.
# William Thomas (Gwilym Marles)

William Thomas (1834 – 11 December 1879), better known by his bardic name of Gwilym Marles, was a Welsh minister and poet, and the great-uncle of Dylan Thomas. Dylan was given his middle name, "Marlais", in honour of William Thomas, who is also believed to have inspired the character of Rev. Eli Jenkins in the play Under Milk Wood.

## Life

Thomas was born in Brechfa near Llandysul. He had two brothers, one of whom, Evan, was the father of David John Thomas, father of Dylan. William studied at the Presbyterian College in Carmarthen, but won a scholarship which enabled him to go on to the University of Glasgow in 1856. After graduating, he became a minister at Llwynrhydowen, and for a time acted as a tutor to William Thomas (Islwyn), the poet. As well as his poems, which were published in 1859, he wrote hymns and stories, and a novel which was published in 1855 in the periodical Seren Gomer. He translated works by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning and Alexander Pope into the Welsh language. He married and had ten children. In 1872 the family moved back to Carmarthen.

## Influence

An advocate of the views of Theodore Parker, Gwilym Marles became a champion of Unitarianism, and has been called "the founder of modern Unitarianism in Wales", so much did his beliefs diverge from those of other Unitarian ministers. He opened a grammar school, and was politically active, supporting local farmers in a tithe war and campaigning on behalf of the Liberal Party in Parliamentary elections. In 1876, local landlords evicted him from his chapel as a result of these activities. The members of the congregation, who supported him, were also evicted.

## Works

* Prydyddiaeth (1859)
# William Weipers

Sir William Lee Weipers, FRCVS FRSE (1904–1990) was a Scottish veterinary surgeon and educator. Glasgow University's Weiper Memorial Lecture is named in his honour as is the Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare. He was President of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons for the period 1963/64.

## Life

Weipers was born in 1904 in the manse at Kilbirnie in Ayrshire the son of Rev John Weipers, and his wife, Evelyn Bovele Lee. Soon after he was born his father moved to the Gillespie United Free Church of Scotland in Glasgow. The family then lived at 182 Whitehill Street.
William was educated at Dennistoun Primary School then at Whitehill Secondary School in Glasgow, and went on to graduate MRCVS from the Glasgow Veterinary College in 1925. He went into general practice from 1925 until 1949, apart from a period of two years (1927 to 1929) when he became a member of staff of the Royal (Dick) Veterinary College in Edinburgh. A pioneering veterinary surgeon in the field of small animals, he introduced closed circuit anaesthesia to veterinary practice and was known for small animal orthopaedics.
When the various private veterinary colleges were brought into the control of the university system, Weipers was made the first Director of Veterinary Education at the University of Glasgow (1949–1974). He was also Professor of Veterinary Surgery from 1951 to 1974, and the Dean of the Glasgow Veterinary Faculty from 1969 until 1974. He supported the creation of a veterinary school which became renowned for teaching and research.
In 1953 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Norman Davidson, Robert Campbell Garry, William McGregor Mitchell and George Montgomery.
Among the students taught by Weipers were James W. Black and veterinarians such as Sir James Armour, Professor WFH Jarrett FRS, Professor RJ Roberts FRSE and Professor M Murray FRSE. All of them presented the Weipers Memorial Lecture, a biennial talk at the University of Glasgow.
On his retirement Weipers devoted time to arboriculture but also played a role in the establishment of academic aquaculture, as chairman of the management committee of the Nuffield Institute of Aquaculture, at the University of Stirling. For this work he was awarded an honorary doctorate (LLD) by the University of Stirling in 1978. He was later awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery by his alma mater (1982).
Weipers died on 15 December 1990 at the age of 86.

## Awards and honours

Weipers was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1966 for his services to Veterinary education.
In 1973 he was presented with the Blaine award by the British Small Animal Veterinary Association at their sixteenth annual conference in London.

## Family

In 1939 he married Mary MacLean, a Gaelic-speaking veterinary graduate from Barra who died in 1984.
They had one daughter, Janet Weipers.
# Williams Harbour Airport

Williams Harbour Airport IATA: YWM, TC LID: CCA6 is an abandoned airport located adjacent to William's Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The community was entirely resettled in 2017.

## Former airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air Labrador | Black Tickle, Cartwright, Charlottetown (NL), Fox Harbour, Goose Bay, Mary's Harbour, Port Hope Simpson, St. Anthony |
# Williams Holdings

Williams Holdings was a major British conglomerate. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

## History

The company was established by Nigel Rudd and Brian McGowan in Derby in 1982 to acquire under performing businesses. Its first major acquisition was J & HB Jackson, a Coventry based metal business, in 1985.
The company went to acquire Walpamur, a paints business, from Reed International in 1987, and Berger, Jenson and Nicholson, another paints business, from Hoechst AG in 1988. The two businesses were combined to create Crown Berger.
The vehicle division, which operated nineteen car dealerships, was demerged as Pendragon PLC in November 1989.
Williams Holdings bought Pilgrim House in the United States (owners of Kidde) for £331m in 1988 and Yale & Valor, a locks and gas fires business, in 1991.
It started to focus on security in the 1990s, selling its paints business to Akzo Nobel in 1990. In February 1997, it bought Chubb Security for $US2.1 billion. It changed its name to Williams plc in 1998 and sold Yale Lock Company to Assa Abloy in March 2000.

## Demerging

The company demerged into Chubb and Kidde in July 2000.
# Williams House (Annapolis Royal)

The Williams House is a historic house located in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada. Constructed in 1715, the building was located at 248 Saint George Street (where the Royal Bank is now located) until 1875 when the main portion of the house was moved to 167 Saint Anthony Street. The ell of the house, dating from c. 1730, was moved to 62 Chapel Street. Although the location has moved, it remains one of the oldest wood-framed houses in Canada. The building is part of the Historic District of Annapolis Royal.

## History

In the early 18th century, the building was the home of Thomas Williams senior and Thomas Williams junior, who served with the British garrison at Annapolis Royal.
In 1800, the house was the birthplace of Sir Fenwick Williams, a decorated military leader from the Crimean War, British Commander-in-Chief, North America and first native-born Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia. At his birth, he was rumoured to be the natural son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Julie de Saint-Laurent, a fact he never disputed.
By 1846, the house was home to Joseph Norman, who served under the Duke of Wellington. His wife, Gregoria Ramona Antonia Reiez, who by her own account, was a mistress of the Duke of Wellington.
In 1874, the building was moved to enable the construction of the Union Bank of Halifax building, now the Royal Bank of Canada. The main part of the Williams house is now located at 167 St Anthony Street and the ell is at 62 Chapel Street.
Both parts of the Williams House are now private residences.
# Willow Geer

Willow Geer (born March 2, 1981) is an American actress.
Geer was born in Los Angeles. She is a third-generation actor/actress, the daughter of actress Ellen Geer and children's musician Peter Alsop and the granddaughter of actor Will Geer (best known for his role in The Waltons as Grandpa Walton).
She worked as voice actress in the console Survival game Lost Odyssey and in the animated film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.

## Filmography

Film and television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1999 | After Romeo | Julie | |
| 2003 | Angel | Glass Woman | Episode: "Hell Bound" |
| 2005 | Briar & Graves | Quaker Woman | TV movie |
| 2007 | TMNT | Background Voices (Wallah) | Voice |
| 2007 | Avenging Angel | Saloon Girl | TV movie |
| 2007 | Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story | Rehab Nurse | |
| 2008 | Backwoods | Gwen | TV movie |
| 2009 | ER | Andromeda | Episode: "The Beginning of the End" |
| 2009 | Hawthorne | Nurse Angela | Episode: "Healing Time" |
| 2010 | Amish Grace | Judith | TV movie |
| 2011 | Shameless | Miss Devlin | Episode: "Killer Carl" |
| 2011 | Love's Everlasting Courage | Sarah | TV movie |
| 2011 | Law & Order: LA | Laurie | Episode: "Plummer Park" |
| 2011 | Days of Our Lives | Charity | Episode: "1.11644" |
| 2012 | Justified | J.J. Corliss | Episode: "When the Guns Come Out" |
| 2012 | Victorious | Marlene | Episode: "Car, Rain & Fire" |
| 2016 | Finding Dory | Additional Voices | Voice |
# Wilson Shieh

Wilson Shieh Ka Ho (Chinese: 石家豪) (born 1970, Hong Kong) is a mid-career Hong Kong artist. His studio is in the Artistic Community in Fo Tan.

## Education

Shieh went to the King's College for secondary school. He abandoned an architecture degree at the University of Hong Kong, before graduating at the Chinese University of Hong Kong with a Bachelor of Arts in Fine Arts in 1994 and a Master of Fine Arts degree in 2001.

## Works

He specializes in figure painting. Shieh paints in the traditional Chinese fine-brush technique gongbi, however his works concern themselves with contemporary themes, primarily identity, dress and the body. In 1997, he was winner of the painting category in the Philippe Charriol Foundation Art Competition. Shieh emerged in the 1990s with solo shows Femme Fatales: Drawings by Shieh Ka Ho (Fringe 1995) and Fleshly - Chinese Fine-brush Paintings by Wilson Shieh (1998). More recent works include Chow Yun Fat Fitting Room in 2009. His work is part of public collections including those of the Heritage Museum and Museum of Art in Hong Kong, the National Gallery of the United States, National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco and the Queensland Art Gallery. He was Artist Associate of the Hong Kong Sinfonietta in 2015.
In the 2010s, his work has become more subversive, making jabs at politicians like Stephen Lam Sui-lung and protesting Hong Kong's lack of autonomy.
# William Triggs

William Henry Triggs (10 May 1855 – 17 June 1934) was a New Zealand journalist, newspaper editor, and politician. He was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 1918 to 1932.

## Biography

He was born in Chichester, England and educated at private schools in England. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1878 and worked as a journalist, initially on The Evening Post of Wellington, then The Timaru Herald of which he was the editor 1885–1886. He then moved to The Press of Christchurch, of which he was the editor from 1895 to 1919 and a director from 1909 to 1919. He was president of the New Zealand Institute of Journalists in 1900–1901. He was present at the signing of the peace Treaty of Versailles.
He was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council on 7 May 1918, and was reappointed from 7 May 1925. His second term ended on 6 May 1932.
He married Marion, daughter of Rev. J. Dumbell in 1882; they had two sons and one daughter. He died on 17 June 1934 in Wellington.
# William Trigg Gannaway

William Trigg Gannaway (June 10, 1825 – June 5, 1910) was an American educator. He served as president pro tempore of Duke University (at the time named "Trinity College") during the absence of Braxton Craven in 1864–1865, and was a professor there for some 35 years, starting in 1857 and ending in 1892. He was a Professor of Latin, Greek, and philosophy at Trinity College.
Gannaway was born in Wythe County, Virginia. He received his diplomas from Emory and Henry College in 1847. He then opened a high school at Floyd Court House, Virginia. From 1854 to 1857, Gannaway operated a high school in Germantown, North Carolina.
He died at his farm in Trinity, North Carolina on June 5, 1910.
# William Trigg Pigott

William Trigg Pigott (November 3, 1860 – March 18, 1944) was a justice of the Montana Supreme Court from 1897 to 1902, and again in 1918.
Born in Boonville, Missouri, Pigott graduated from the Law Department of the University of Missouri in 1880 and then moved to Virginia City, Montana. Later in 1880, Justice Pigott was appointed City Attorney of Virginia City, and served for ten years. In 1890, he moved to Great Falls, Montana, to practice law. He was appointed to the Montana Supreme Court by Governor Robert Burns Smith to a seat vacated by the death of Justice Horace R. Buck. Pigott returned to practicing law in 1902 but was re-appointed to the Supreme Court by Governor Sam V. Stewart to replace Justice Sanner in 1918. In 1934, Governor Frank Henry Cooney appointed him to the 1st Judicial District to replace Judge Poorman. He served out the rest of the term and then resigned on December 3, 1934, to return to the private practice of law.
Pigott died in 1944, at the age of 84.
# Winged infusion set

A winged infusion set—also known as "butterfly" or "scalp vein" set—is a device specialized for venipuncture: i.e. for accessing a superficial vein or artery for either intravenous injection or phlebotomy. It consists, from front to rear, of a hypodermic needle, two bilateral flexible "wings", flexible small-bore transparent tubing (often 20–35 cm long), and lastly a connector (often female Luer). This connector attaches to another device: e.g. syringe, vacuum tube holder/hub, or extension tubing from an infusion pump or gravity-fed infusion/transfusion bag/bottle.
Newer models include a slide and lock safety device slid over the needle after use, which helps prevent accidental needlestick injury and reuse of used needles, which can transmit infectious disease such as HIV and viral hepatitis.

## Use

During venipuncture, the butterfly is held by its wings between thumb and index finger. This grasp very close to the needle facilitates precise placement. The needle is generally inserted toward the vein at a shallow angle, made possible by the set's design. When the needle enters the vein, venous blood pressure generally forces a small amount of blood into the set's transparent tubing providing a visual sign, called the "flash" or "flashback", that lets the practitioner know that the needle is actually inside of a vein.
The butterfly offers advantages over a simple straight needle. The butterfly's flexible tubing reaches more body surface and tolerates more patient movement. The butterfly's precise placement facilitates venipuncture of thin, "rolling", fragile, or otherwise poorly accessible veins. The butterfly's shallow-angle insertion design facilitates venipuncture of very superficial veins, e.g. hand, wrist, or scalp veins (hence name "scalp vein" set).

## Needle size

Butterflies are commonly available in 18-27 gauge bore, 21G and 23G being most popular.
In phlebotomy, there is widespread avoidance of 25G and 27G butterflies based on belief that such small-bore needles hemolyze and/or clot blood samples and hence invalidate blood tests. Contrary to this belief, theoretical calculation and in vitro experiment both showed the exact opposite: namely, that shear stress and hence hemolysis decrease with decreasing needle bore (but the decrease can be clinically insignificant). In agreement with these results, a subsequent clinical trial found that 21G, 23G, and 25G butterflies connected directly to vacuum tubes caused the same amount of hemolysis and gave the same coagulation panel test results.
# Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery

Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery is a rural cemetery at 701 Delaware Avenue in Wilmington, Delaware. Founded in 1843, it contains over 21,000 burials on about 25 acres.

## History

The cemetery was envisioned in 1843 by Sam Wollaston, who sought to establish one of Delaware's first non-sectarian cemeteries on 10 acres of his farm, which was outside the city of Wilmington at the time. His venture was quickly a success, and the following year, Wollaston formed a company to expand and landscape the site with Willard Hall serving as president. Engineer George Read Riddle was hired to design the cemetery. In 1850, James Canby planted an imported cedar of Lebanon at the entrance of the cemetery.
One corner of the cemetery, named Soldier's Graveplot, contains the remains of 121 U.S. Civil War soldiers who died from their wounds or war-related illnesses at the old Delaware Hospital.
The cemetery's chapel, designed by architect Elijah Dallett Jr., was built in 1913 of Foxcroft stone with window sills of Indiana limestone.
In 1917, the cemetery received remains originally interred at the 18th-century First Presbyterian Church in Wilmington's Rodney Square. The church was moved to Park Drive to make room for a new library.
In 2014, the cemetery launched the Eternal Rest 5K Walk/Run to raise money to maintain the cemetery.

## Notable burials

* William Hepburn Armstrong (1824–1919), U.S. Congressman
* Richard Bassett (1745–1815), U.S. Senator and Governor of Delaware, signer of the United States Constitution
* James Asheton Bayard Sr. (1767–1815), U.S. Senator and Congressman
* Richard H. Bayard (1796–1868), U.S. Senator
* Gunning Bedford Jr. (1747–1812), Signer of the U.S. Constitution
* Emily Bissell (1861–1948), Social reformer, introduced Christmas Seals to the United States
* Levi Clark Bootes (1809–1896), Civil War Brevet Brigadier General
* James Canby (1781–1858), early American railroad executive
* John P. Gillis (1803–1873), Commodore in the U.S. Navy
* Willard Hall (1780–1875), U.S. Congressman
* Bill Hawke (1870–1902), Major League Baseball pitcher
* William H. Heald (1864–1939), U.S. Congressman
* Jacob Jones (1768–1850), U.S. Naval Officer
* Flip Lafferty (1854–1910), professional baseball player
* Henry Latimer (1752–1819), U.S. Senator and Congressman
* Preston Lea (1841–1916), 52nd Governor of Delaware
* Eleazer McComb (1740–1798), Continental Congressman
* John McKinly (1721–1796), President of Delaware
* Charles R. Miller (1857–1927), 54th Governor of Delaware
* John J. Milligan (1795–1875), U.S. Congressman
* Alice Dunbar Nelson (1875–1935), poet, journalist and political activist
* Hezekiah Niles (1777–1839), editor and poet of the Weekly Register
* James P. Postles (1840–1908), American Medal of Honor recipient
* George R. Riddle (1817–1867), U.S. Senator and Congressman
* Robert P. Robinson (1869–1939), 57th Governor of Delaware
* John Ross (1790–1866), Cherokee nation chief
* Thomas Alfred Smyth (1832–1865), brigadier general in the Union Army
* James Tilton (1745–1822), Continental Congressman
* John Wales (1783–1863), U.S. Senator
* Henry Winfield Watson (1856–1933), U.S. Congressman
# Winifred, Kentucky

Winifred is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. It is located at an elevation of 840 feet (256 m). Winifred is located in the ZIP Code Tabulation Area for ZIP code 41219, which includes the nearby community of Flat Gap.
# Wilson House and Farmstead

The Wilson House and Farmstead, at 94 E. 250 North in Midway, Utah, was built in 1894. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The listing included three contributing buildings.
It includes a one-and-a-half-story brick house built upon a stone foundation in 1894. It was designed and built by William Walter Wilson as a Victorian-style cross-wing cottage. In 1915 addition to the rear and remodeling added Bungalow style. It was also remodeled during 1989 to 1991, which replaced a c.1920 sleeping porch by an enclosed back porch.
Also contributing on the property are a c. 1896 stone granary and a c. 1915 frame wagon shed/garage.
# Wimal

Wimal is a Sri Lankan masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Wimal Kumara de Costa (1948–2016), Sri Lankan actor
* Wimal Weerawansa (born 1965), Sri Lankan politician
* Wimal Wickremasinghe (1942–2009), Sri Lankan politician and economist
# Winchcombe Annals

The Winchcombe Annals, sometimes known as the Later Winchcombe Annals, are a Latin chronicle compiled c.1240 by an anonymous monk at the Benedictine abbey, Winchcombe Abbey.
The manuscript is damaged and only the portion from 1049 to 1232 remain although it was a longer document. The source material up to 1181 is from the Winchcombe Chronicle and from thereon from another annal. The manuscript also holds pictorial representation of a sun dial, and the twelve winds of Aristotle.
It is currently in the British Library at Cotton MS Faustina B I, fol. 12r–29v.
# Windham, Iowa

Windham is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Iowa, United States.

## History

Windham was platted in 1854. Windham's population was 38 in 1902, and 35 in 1925.

## Notable person

* Willam Healy, United States Circuit Court of Appeals judge, was born in Windham.