OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guanting Reservoir

Guanting Reservoir (Chinese: 官厅水库), also known as Guanting Shuiku, is the first large-scale reservoir after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Guanting Reservoir is located at the junction of Beijing and Hebei Province, mostly in Huailai County, Hebei Province, and a small part in Yanqing County, Beijing. The reservoir is named after the dam built near the Guanting Town (官厅镇).

## History

Guanting Reservoir started construction in October 1951 and was completed on 13 May 1954, with the main flow of water being the Yongding River in Huailai. The reservoir covers an area of 230 square kilometers and has a total storage capacity of 2.2 billion cubic meters.
Guanting Reservoir was a major source of fresh water for Beijing and neighboring regions. Due to water contamination, the reservoir was withdrawn from the system to supply Beijing with drinking water in 1997, but after thorough treatment, the reservoir has been an alternate water source since 2007.
# Guest statute

A guest statute is a term used in the law of torts to describe a statute that makes it significantly more difficult for a passenger in an automobile to recover damages from the driver for injuries received in an accident resulting from ordinary negligence on the part of the driver. Instead, passengers are limited to suits based on gross negligence, recklessness, or intentional misconduct. The statute may also place a cap on the damages to be awarded, or limit damages to compensation for actual physical injuries. The original purpose of the guest statute was both to protect drivers from frivolous litigation and to protect insurance companies from collusive and fraudulent suits (wherein the passenger sues the driver in order to collect from the driver's insurer). For the same reason, some states also passed aviation guest statutes, which limit the liability of non-commercial airplane passengers.
In 1917, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court decided that "unpaid drivers, analogized to gratuitous bailees, should not be held liable to their guests for automobile accidents in the absence of gross negligence." After this, almost 30 states adopted this heightened requirement by statute. Nebraska's guest statute was repealed in 2010 following a court case upholding its constitutionality. Oregon maintains a guest statute applicable to non-paying passengers in aircraft or watercraft limiting claims for injury, death or loss in case of an accident, unless the accident was intentional on the part of the owner or operator or caused by the gross negligence or intoxication of the owner or operator.

## Guest Statutes and Interspousal Tort Suits

Guest statutes played a large role in the legal trends surrounding interspousal tort suits for accidents arising from negligent automobile accidents. Judicial decisions regarding spouses' ability to sue one another for tortious acts contained similar policy concerns to those underlying the adoption of guest statutes. Scholars point to the rise of guest statutes and their treatment by courts in the interspousal liability context as evidence that denying spouses the ability to sue each other was not the result of patriarchal restriction, but was truly motivated by worries surrounding insurance fraud.
# Guatteria glauca

Guatteria glauca is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Peru.
# Guatteria excelsa

Guatteria excelsa is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Peru.
# Guatteria guentheri

Guatteria guentheri is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Peru.
# St Peter's Church, Portesham

St Peter's Church is an Anglican church, the parish church in the village of Portesham, Dorset. It is a Grade I listed building. The earliest parts date from the 12th century, and it has suffered comparatively little from restoration.

## Description
### History

The church is thought to be built with stone from a local quarry. The earliest parts date from the 12th century; the church of that time probably had a shorter nave, with north and south aisles, and a shorter chancel. Part of the original north arcade (once leading into a north aisle) survives in the north wall. The present chancel dates from the 13th century, when the nave was lengthened and the tower was built.
About 1500 the chancel arch was rebuilt, and the present narrow north and south aisles were built, with two-bay arcades in the eastern part of the nave leading to the aisles. The top stage was added to the tower at this time. The south porch was built later that century.
The font, near the door, dates probably from the 13th century. There are two bells in the tower, made in 1607 and 1623.

### Chancel

The nave is not quite in line with the chancel, which veers slightly to the south, but the outer walls of the aisles are aligned with the chancel.
The rood screen dates from the early 16th century. The chancel arch has squints on each side. The side windows of the chancel date from the early 14th century; the stonework of the east window is of the same date as the chancel arch, about 1500.

### Interior details

The north aisle was formerly known as the Waddon Aisle, as the people of Waddon, a hamlet east of Portesham, used to worship here.
There was formerly a gallery at the west end of the nave, where musicians played; a corbel supporting it can be seen. The gallery was removed in 1872, and a reed organ was installed. This was replaced by an organ in 1895. The present organ, by Hill, Norman & Beard, was installed in the south aisle in 1968.

## Living Churchyards project

St Peter's is part of the Living Churchyards project of the Dorset Wildlife Trust, in which volunteers from the Trust visit churches in Dorset to advise on managing churchyards with regards to wildlife. The grass remains uncut at times, to allow wild flowers to flourish: more than 70 species have been identified. In 2011 the church won Best New Entry in the Living Churchyards competition, and was runner-up in this category in 2012. In 2013 it won the Bishop's Prize.
# Grand Valley (Martin Field) Aerodrome

Grand Valley (Martin Field) Aerodrome (TC LID: CGV6) is located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southeast of Grand Valley, Ontario, Canada.
# Gourdou-Leseurre GL.50

The Gourdou-Leseurre GL.50, also known as the Gourdou-Leseurre Type F, was a French fighter prototype of the early 1920s.

## Development

In April 1919, General Duval of the French Armée de l'Air set out for the replacement of two of the principal categories of aircraft within the air force - CAP2 (Chasse, Armée, Biplace meaning 'armed two-seat fighter') and CAN2 (Chasse, Armée, Nuit, Biplace meaning 'armed two-seat night fighter'). Gourdou-Leseurre put forward the GL-50 as a submission for the CAP2 category (despite the fact that this categorisation system was removed in 1920). Its 300 hp Hispano-Suiza engine was intended to be fitted with a supercharger, however this was not fitted, despite the fact it would have increased its performance drastically. It was of wooden construction, with a long-span untapered wing, considered unusual at the time, that feature being more in line with single-seat aircraft design, as were the wing bracing struts.

## Operational history

The date is not recorded of the first flight of the GL-50, however it is known that it occurred in 1922. However, for no apparent reason the aircraft did not satisfy the needs of the specification and therefore no further production was continued. Only 1 GL.50 was built, and also one of its main variant, the GL.51.

## Variants

* GL.51 - intended to satisfy the CAN2 specification. Similar to the GL-50 except for a 380 hp Gnome & Rhône 9Ab engine and a lighter loaded weight resulting in a higher top speed

## Specifications (GL.50)

General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 9.3505 m (30 ft 8.13 in)
* Wingspan: 14.60 m (47 ft 11 in)
* Height: 2.85 m (9 ft 4 in)
* Wing area: 40.00 m$^2$ (430.57 sq ft)
* Gross weight: 2,010 kg (4,431 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 8Fb , 224 kW (300 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 210 km/h (131 mph, 114 kn)
Armament
* 2 x fixed forward-firing 7.7mm Darne machine gun
* 2 x rear-mounted swivelling 7.7mm Darne machine gun
# Standing Eight

Standing Eight is a 2006 non-fiction book by Adam Pitluk about Mexican boxer Jesús Chávez.

## Publication

Standing Eight: The Inspiring Story of Jesus "El Matador" Chavez is a 2006 book by Adam Pitluk, published by Da Capo Press.

## Synopsis

Standing Eight documents the protagonists's early life, born as Gabriel Sandoval in Hidalgo del Parra. Sandoval immigrates from Mexico to Chicago before learning boxing, joining a gang-life and robbery a shop. The robbery results in his imprisonment and deportation to Mexico. Chávez returns to the U.S., avoiding Chicago and selecting Austin, Texas, where he starts professional boxing, after adopting the name Jesús Chávez. His opponents including include Floyd Mayweather and Erik Morales. Chávez becomes the International Boxing Federation lightweight champion.

## Critical reception

Publishers Weekly described the prose as "stilted but serviceable." The School Library Journal praised Pitluk for appealing to both boxing fans and a wider audience by avoiding getting too much into the details of the actual fights. Texas Monthly described the book as "compelling".
# Guangdianyuan station

Guangdianyuan is a station on Line 6 of Chongqing Rail Transit in Chongqing Municipality, China. It is located in Yubei District. It opened in 2012.

## Station structure

| B2 Concourse | Exits, Customer service, Vending machines |
| B3 Platforms | Line 6 to Beibei (Dazhulin) |
| Island platform ||
| B3 Platforms | Line 6 to Chayuan (Ranjiaba) |
# Stand Up Seoul

Stand Up Seoul is an English-language stand up comedy group based in Seoul, South Korea (founded by Brian Aylward initially as a comedy night in 2009) Aylward was a runner-up at the 2008 Hong Kong International Comedy Festival and has since returned to his home country of Canada to pursue a career in comedy.
Upon Brian's departure, Stand Up Seoul was helmed by Jeff Sinclair, Rudy Tyburczy, Erin Weber and Albert Escobedo. As of the spring of 2012, Erin Weber has gone to pursue her dream of being a comedian back in the USA. Her position was replaced by Adam Palmeter, whom as of March 2013, has left South Korea. All of the above are stand ups came from a varying degree of performance experience, but held a common goal of developing their craft, and the scene in Korea. In March, 2013 they celebrated their fourth anniversary.
From 2020 to 2022, the group was led by Korean comedian, host and beatboxer Sang Don Park and Korean comedian, comedy podcaster and producer Fernando Kim.
Currently, Stand Up Seoul is overseen by American comedian and producer Kristen Pimley, American writer and comedian Steve Gallas, Korean comedian Hojip Jeon, and Canadian actor Geoff Gaudet.
The group hosts weekly open-mic nights as well as monthly paid events. They have traveled extensively throughout South Korea, such as Busan, Gumi, Daegu, Pohang, Mokpo, Gwangju, Daejeon, Osan, Gunsan, Cheonan, and more. Stand Up Seoul has also brought many professional stand up comics to Seoul, so far, including Tom Cotter, Ted Alexandro, Kyle Kinane, James Adomian and in November 2012, Tom Rhodes. They have also had comedians Esther Ku and Danny Cho perform with them when they visited the country on vacation. In May 2013, they brought back Kyle Kinane, as well as Matt Braunger at the Seoul Renaissance Hotel. In November 2013, they had co-headliners Baron Vaughn and Ben Kronberg from the USA.

## Charity Work

Stand Up Seoul has a strong tradition of community involvement and philanthropy through its stand-up comedy showcases. The organization has hosted numerous charity events supporting various causes, such as providing clean water in Ukraine, assisting North Korean refugees, aiding single mothers in need, and helping the families of the victims of the Itaewon crowd disaster.
# Group for the Environment, Renewable Energy and Solidarity

Group for the Environment, Renewable Energy and Solidarity (GERES) is an international development NGO set up in Marseille in 1976.

## Background

The Groupement pour l'Exploitation Rationnelle de l'Energie Soldaire (Group for the Rational Use of Solar Energy) was founded on 14 September 1976, following the first oil crisis, at the initiative of teachers/researchers working with Georges Peri. Its aim was to put researchers and professionals in touch in order to develop solar energy solutions.
GERES changed its name first in 1986 (Groupe Energies Renouvelables / Renewable Energies Group), again in 1994 (Groupe Energies Renouvelables et Environnement / Renewable Energies and Environment Group), and then finally in 2008 (Groupe Energies Renouvelables, Environnement et Solidarités / Group for the Environment, Renewable Energy and Solidarity) as it broadened its areas of intervention.
In 2004, GERES launched CO2Solidaire, the first French carbon offsetting programme.

## Activities

As an organisation specialising in sustainable and renewable energies, climate change and environmental protection, GERES works for an energy transition, along with natural resource conservation and improved living conditions for local people, both in Europe and in the developing world.
As lead agency for the Climate and Development Committee of Coordination SUD, for the period 2013 - 2016, GERES is working with other NGOs to engage in advocacy with authorities aimed at guiding national and international climate change policy.
GERES promotes renewable energy use and local economic development in four broad geographic areas: Europe and the Mediterranean, West Africa, Central Asia and Southeast Asia.
It is present in a dozen or so countries working alongside local development actors around five core themes:
* clean energy production
* energy efficiency and energy saving
* economic development
* local policy and land use
* climate change
# Stanowice

Stanowice may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Stanowice, Góra County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Stanowice, Oława County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Stanowice, Świdnica County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Stanowice, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Stanowice, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
# Guignicourt station

Guignicourt station (French: Gare de Guignicourt) is a railway station located in the commune Villeneuve-sur-Aisne and in the delegated commune of Guignicourt, department of Aisne, northern France. The station is located 500 m from the city center of Guignicourt at kilometric point (KP) 21.272 on the Reims-Laon railway. It is served by TER Grand Est trains between Reims and Laon (line C10) operated by the SNCF.
In 2018, the SNCF estimated that 122,047 passengers travelled through the station.

## History

On 31 August 1857, the Compagnie des chemins de fer des Ardennes commenced passenger operations on the 52km Reims-Laon railway, on which the station is situated. Freight services commenced a couple of months later on 15 October 1857.
On 23 October 2014, during SNCF construction work near the station, deminers disposed of 342 German World War I shells.
# Guillaume Kornmann

Guillaume Kornmann (born 1741, Strasbourg; died 1795, Paris) was a French banker. He is best known for the particularly sensational trial of his wife (prosecuted by Beaumarchais) in the 1780s.
In 1774, Kornmann married Catherine Marie Foesch, a young Swiss heiress, who bore him two children. They settled in Paris, where he managed his uncle's bank. The couple did not get on well, and Kornmann allowed his wife to take a lover, as long as she kept things in order. The lover was a certain Daudet de Jossan, a confidant of the powerful de Montbarey, Minister for War and magistrate for Strasbourg. But soon, the minister resigned, and the young man suddenly became much less respectable. Furthermore, Madame Kornmann, who did not hesitate to be seen with him in a scandalous way, threatened to demand a separation from her husband (as divorce did not yet exist). Fearing he would lose his wife and particularly her dowry, Guillaume Kornmann, who in the meantime was almost ruined, obtained a warrant from the police commissioner and had his adulterous wife arrested, then pregnant by her lover.
Thus, on the night of 3–4 August 1781, his wife was taken to Douai, a disciplinary institution on the Rue de Bellefond that housed "lost" and mad women. On the insistence of mutual friends, Beaumarchais rescued Madame Kornmann (whom he did not yet know). Thus began the Kornmann Affair. Once freed, she tried unsuccessfully to obtain a legal separation from her husband, arguing that her scandalous detention justified it.
The cheated husband decided to press charges against his spouse and her lover for adultery, against Beaumarchais and Police Commissioner Lenoir for defamation and as accessories to adultery. He took his friend Nicolas Bergasse, a fellow disciple of Anton Mesmer, as his lawyer.
Beaumarchais was declared innocent by order of the Parlement of Paris the 2 April 1789. Kornmann and his lawyer Bergasse were ordered to pay him damages but public opinion remained largely in their favour. In 1793 Madame Kornmann finally obtained a divorce, which had been permitted by the law of 20 September 1792.
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# Grazide Lizier

Grazide Lizier née Fauré (fl. 1321) was a peasant in the Comté de Foix in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth century. Her home region was known for being Cathar, and, during an anti-Cathar inquisition carried out by Catholic authorities, she was interrogated. A number of facts about her are recorded in the Fournier Register, and her life, along with those of her fellow villagers, was analyzed in Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie's Montaillou.
Grazide was the daughter of Pons and Frabrisse Rives. Her mother was the town wine seller. At the age of fifteen or sixteen she became mistress to Pierre Clergue, the local priest, who, though Grazide insisted she hadn't known at the time, was allegedly her mother's illegitimate cousin. Clergue was known as a local rake, and had many sexual relationships with many women.
A year later, at Clergue's behest, Grazide married an elderly local, Pierre Lizier of Montaillou. The affair between her and Clergue continued, however, with the consent of her husband. The marriage lasted only four years with Pierre Lizier dying when Grazide was twenty. Soon after,Grazide also ended the relationship with Pierre Clergue.
During her testimony, Grazide stated that she had not believed that having sex with Clergue was a sin. For one thing, Clergue, being a priest, had told her it was not a sin. But, more than that, she simply stated that because she had liked it, and Pierre had liked it, it could not have offended God, so it could not have been a sin.
It is not known what happened to Grazide after her testimony.
# Stanground North

Stanground North is a former civil parish in the Peterborough district, in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. The 2001 census recorded a population of zero. The parish, which covered open fields on a flood plain of the River Nene, was abolished in 2004.

## History

The parish was originally created on 1 October 1905, when Stanground parish was divided into two (Stanground South became part of Old Fletton urban district), having hitherto been the only parish to still cross a county border. It had a peak population of 43 in the census of 1921.
Between 1905 and 1974, Stanground North was one of only two parishes in the Thorney Rural District. In 1974, it became part of the Peterborough district of Cambridgeshire. On 1 April 2004 the parish was abolished.
# Standing ovation (disambiguation)

Standing ovation is a form of applause where members of a seated audience applaud while standing up.
Standing ovation may also refer to:
* Standing Ovation (film), a 2010 musical film
* "Standing Ovation" (song), a 1980 single by GQ
* "Standing Ovation", a song by American rapper Young Jeezy from the 2005 album Let's Get It: Thug Motivation 101
* Standing Ovation: The Greatest Songs from the Stage, a 2012 album by Susan Boyle
* Standing Ovation (Count Basie album), 1969
* "Standing Ovation", a song by Good Charlotte from the 2010 album Cardiology
# Guillaume Amfrye de Chaulieu

Guillaume Amfrye de Chaulieu (1639 – 27 June 1720), French poet and wit, was born at Fontenay, Normandy.
His father, maître des Comptes of Rouen, sent him to study at the Collège de Navarre. Guillaume early showed the wit that was to distinguish him, and gained the favor of the duke of Vendôme, who procured for him the monastery of Aumale and other benefices. Louis Joseph, Duc de Vendôme, and his brother Philippe, grand prior of the Knights of Malta in France, at that time had a joint establishment at the Temple, where they gathered around them a very gay and reckless course.
Chaulieu became the constant companion and adviser of the two princes. He made an alacrity to Poland in the suite of the marquis de Béthune, hoping to make a career for himself in the court of John Sobieski; he saw one of the Polish king's campaigns in Ukraine, but returned to Paris without securing any advancement. Saint-Simon says that the abbé helped his patron the grand prior to rob the duke of Vendôme and that the king sent orders that the princes should take the management of their affairs from him. This account has been questioned by Sainte-Beuve, who regards Saint-Simon as a prejudiced witness.
In his later years Chaulieu spent much time at the little court of the duchesse du Maine at Sceaux. There he became the trusted and devoted friend of Mlle Delaunay, with whom he carried on an interesting correspondence. Among his poems the best known are Fontenay and La Retraite.
His works were edited with those of his friend the Marquis de La Fare in 1714, 1750 and 1774. See also CA Sainte-Beuve, Causeries du lundi, vol. i.; and Lettres inédites (1850), with a notice by Raymond, marquis de Bérenger.
# Marcus Rex

Marcus Rex, CMG (11 September 1886 – 28 September 1971) was the last British Resident of Perak

## Education and career

Rex's early education was at Highgate School, London, after which he gained a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1908. Rex began his service as a Malayan Civil Service cadet in 1910, he was soon promoted to Assistant to the Resident of Perak in 1912 and 1915. Rex also posted as District Officer of Kuala Kangsar in 1913. In 1917, he became the Superintendent of Opium in the State of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang. Rex became the District Officer of Raub in 1919. He was the British Secretary for Federated Malay States in 1935 – 1936 and the last British Resident of Perak 1939 - 1941.
Rex was invested with Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George (CMG) in 1941.
# Melrose, Kansas

Melrose is an unincorporated community in Neosho Township of Cherokee County, Kansas, United States, and has an elevation of 889 feet (271 m). It contains one church, the Melrose United Methodist Church.

## History

A post office was opened in Melrose in 1877, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1905.
# Július Toček

Július Toček (29 September 1939 – 7 October 2004) was a Slovak rower who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1964 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Margecany and died in Winterthur, Switzerland. In 1964 he was a crew member of the Czechoslovak boat which won the bronze medal in the men's eight event.