OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph Edward Rall

Joseph Edward Rall (February 3, 1920 – February 28, 2008) was an American endocrinologist and research director at the National Institutes of Health. He was an expert on the thyroid gland, particularly its proteins and its relationship with radioactive iodine.

## Early life and education

Rall was born in 1920 in Naperville, Illinois. He obtained a B.A. from North Central College in 1941 before enrolling at Northwestern University. At Northwestern, he served as a teaching assistant and a research fellow in pharmacology while completing his studies; he received a Master's degree in 1944 and an M.D. in 1945. His residency and fellowship at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, which began in 1945, was interrupted by two years of military service in Germany with the Medical Corps following the Second World War. He eventually completed his fellowship at Mayo Clinic in 1950. He developed an interest in endocrinology, the thyroid and radioactive iodine at Mayo, and in 1952 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Minnesota for research on the metabolism of thyroxine.

## Career

In 1950, Rall relocated to New York City to work at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center alongside Rulon Rawson, who was investigating the use of radioactive iodine in the treatment of thyroid cancer. In New York, he was an assistant professor at Cornell University Medical College and began research into radiation-induced thyroid cancer as a result of hydrogen bomb testing in the Marshall Islands. He also begun a lifelong collaboration with Jacob Robbins, with whom he studied thyroid proteins including thyroglobulin, and established the "free thyroxine hypothesis", which holds that thyroxine is only active when not bound to protein.
Rall was recruited by the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, to run a new laboratory, the Clinical Endocrinology Branch (CEB), at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. The branch initially focused on thyroid physiology and diseases, but later expanded to encompass diabetes as well as disorders of growth hormone and the gonads. Under Rall, the CEB hosted many visiting international scientists and had a longstanding association with the laboratory run by Nino Salvatore in Italy. In 1962, Rall was appointed Director of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. He served as Deputy Director for Intramural Research for NIH in 1983 until his retirement in 1990.
Rall was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the French Société de biologie and the Belgian Royal Academy of Medicine, and received honorary degrees from the University of Naples (Italy) and Charles University (Czech Republic). He was president of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) in 1964 and received distinguished service awards from the ATA and the Endocrine Society.

## Death

Rall died on February 28, 2008, aged 88.
# Khar Mazgaon

Khar Mazgaon is a village in Raigad district, Maharashtra, India.
18°22′15″N 72°56′13″E﻿ / ﻿18.37083°N 72.93694°E﻿ / 18.37083; 72.93694
* This article about a location in the Indian state of Maharashtra is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Metro (Swedish newspaper)

Metro was a free daily newspaper in Sweden. It was printed in four editions: Stockholm, Gothenburg, Skåne and National, which were distributed in 67 towns and cities throughout the country. The paper was the first European free paper. On 8 August 2019, its cancellation was announced.

## History and profile

Metro Stockholm was the first version. The paper was launched on 13 February 1995 and distributed in the Stockholm Metro. Its owner and founding company is Modern Times Group (MTG), a subsidiary of the Swedish conglomerate Kinnevik. The paper is published in tabloid format by Metro International.
For a long time, Metro was the sole free newspaper available in the different metropolitan areas. In 2002, the Bonnier Group launched Stockholm City in the Stockholm region. City expanded into Gothenburg and Malmö in September 2006 and was followed a few weeks later by the Schibsted-backed Punkt SE in all three cities. City Göteborg was closed down in late 2007. In May 2008, Metro had reached an agreement with Schibsted that meant that Punkt SE would be closed down and Schibsted would buy a 35 percent share of Metro Sweden.
In the period of 2001–2002, Metro sold 384,000 copies. Hard hit by the introduction of smart phones, which led morning commuters and other key groups of readers to follow news on cell phones instead of picking up free newspapers, the paper's finances grew increasingly strained in the 2000s. Unable to pay its bills, the newspaper ceased publication in 2019 after briefly attempting to survive as an online-only publication.

## Comics

Both the long-featured comic strip Elvis, by Tony Cronstam, and the earlier Rocky, by Martin Kellerman, were first published in Metro Stockholm.
'Elvis: Elvis Tonysson, the main character of the comic, is a middle-aged man portrayed as a tortoise, according to Cronstam loosely based on himself, and like most of the recurring characters based on friends and family. The main plot of the strip is according to Cronstam based on day-to-day annoyances encountered in real life. The plot of the strips published in the daily newspaper usually don't stretch over multiple strips, making the strip easy to understand even for non-daily readers, which is the case with most daily newspaper strips. There are also several comic books released, some of which feature a main plot. Tony's wife Maria Cronstam became a main part in the development of the comic, as the strip more and more got based on their life together with their daughter. After the relationship broke up, the strip itself was cancelled.
# Joseph Ching-Ming Wu

Joseph Ching-Ming Wu is a professor and medical researcher.

## Career

He is the Simon H. Stertzer Professor of Medicine & Radiology at Stanford University and the director of the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute.
In 2022 he was elected to the Academia Sinica.
# Nick Carter (environmentalist)

Nick Carter (died 2000) was a Zambian environmentalist.
He was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1997, for his efforts on documenting pirate whaling and global wildlife crime, and his contributions to organizing activities leading to the Lusaka Agreement between six African countries in September 1994, aiming to enforce regulations such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
# Nick Carter (footballer)

Nick Carter (born 28 April 1978) is a former Australian rules football player. During his career Carter played for Fitzroy, Brisbane and Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL).

## Early life

Carter began playing football for Golden Square as a junior. He then played for the Bendigo Pioneers in the TAC Cup. Carter played for the Victorian Country team at the 1995 AFL Under 18 Championships.

## AFL career
### Fitzroy

Carter was drafted by Fitzroy Football Club with the 20th selection in the 1995 AFL draft, with coach Michael Nunan stating the club was looking for "players with pace and finish to play in the midfield". Carter had an impressive first AFL season, debuting in round 6 and remaining in the senior team for the rest of the season, playing 17 matches. He was nominated for the 1996 AFL Rising Star award in round 8. Despite a good season personally, Fitzroy struggled both on the field, winning only one match for the whole season, and financially. Fitzroy's administrator at the time negotiated a deal with Brisbane Bears whereby at the end of the 1996 season, Fitzroy's AFL operations were taken over by the Bears, to form the Brisbane Lions.

### Brisbane

Only eight Fitzroy players became Brisbane Lions players, with the majority of the team coming from the Brisbane Bears list. Carter, however, was one of those eight players. In his two seasons with Brisbane, Carter only managed to play five games, struggling to break into the senior side of a team with what Martin Blake described as "the best depth in the competition".

### Melbourne

After struggling to gain a spot in the Brisbane senior team, Carter was traded to Melbourne at the end of the 1998 season for the 45th draft pick in the 1998 AFL draft. Carter only managed three games for the Demons and he was delisted at the end of the 1999 season. Carter nominated for the 1999 AFL draft, but he was not selected, thereby ending his AFL career.

## Post-AFL career

After failing to be picked up in the 1999 Draft, Carter began playing with the Bendigo Diggers in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He played for Bendigo for eight seasons and was captain and assistant coach of the club during that time. In 2003 Carter was Bendigo's best and fairest player for the season, his third win of the award in four seasons. Carter also regularly represented the VFL when playing against other state leagues, such as the SANFL and the WAFL.
Carter is currently the coach of the Golden Square Football Club, the club he played junior football for.

## Honours

Carter was named captain of the Bendigo Team of the Decade. Bendigo's best and fairest award is named the Carter Medal, in honour of his contributions to the club. He became the first Bendigo player to play 100 games for the club.
# Messier 72

Messier 72 (also known as M72 or NGC 6981) is a globular cluster in the south west of the very mildly southern constellation of Aquarius.

## Observational history and guide

M72 was discovered by astronomer Pierre Méchain in 1780. His countryman Charles Messier looked for it 36 days later, and included it in his catalog. Both opted for the then-dominant of the competing terms for such objects, considering it a faint nebula rather than a cluster. With a larger instrument, astronomer John Herschel called it a bright "cluster of stars of a round figure". Astronomer Harlow Shapley noted a similarity to Messier 4 and 12.
It is visible in a good night sky as a faint nebula in a telescope with a 6 cm (2.4 in) aperture. The surrounding field stars become visible from a 15 cm (5.9 in)-aperture device. One of 25 cm (9.8 in) will allow measurement of an angular diameter of 2.5 ′. At 30 cm (12 in) the core is clear: its 1.25 ′ diameter, meaning a broad spread; and small parts scarcer in stars to the south and east.

## Properties

Based upon a 2011 census of variable stars, the cluster is 54.57 ± 1.17 kly (16.73 ± 0.36 kpc) away from the Sun. It has an estimated combined mass of 168,000 solar masses (M$_☉$) and is around 9.5 billion years old. The core region has a density of stars that is radiating 2.26 times solar luminosity (L$_☉$) per cubic parsec. There are 43 identified variable stars in the cluster.
# Nicoletta (comics)

Nicoletta is the title character of an Italian humorous comic strip series, created in 1981, and published weekly in the comics magazine Il Giornalino.

## Background

The comic series was created by Claudio Nizzi as writer and by Claudio Onesti (under the pen name "Clod") as artist. It debuted on the 41st issue of the magazine Il Giornalino in October 1981. Paola Ferrarini (under the pen name "Lina") replaced Nizzi after a few episodes.
The series tells the ordinary life of the teenager Nicoletta Marchini, struggling with the typical problems of her age. It had a large success, especially with the female audience.
# Jorge Cazulo

Jorge "Piqui" Cazulo (born 14 February 1982) is an Uruguayan footballer who plays for Torneo Descentralizado club Sporting Cristal. He can play as a central or attacking midfielder.

## Club career

Cazulo started his career Uruguayan club Plaza Colonia in 2004. He has also played for Defensor Sporting and Nacional in Uruguay.

## Honours
### Club
#### Defensor Sporting

* Uruguayan Primera División: 2007–08

#### Nacional

* Uruguayan Primera División: 2008–09

#### Sporting Cristal

* Torneo Descentralizado: 2012
* Torneo Descentralizado: 2014
* Torneo Descentralizado: 2016
* Torneo Descentralizado: 2018
* Liga 1: 2020
# Nicolas Barat

Nicolas Barat was a French Catholic scholar of Hebrew works, who died in 1706.

## Life

Barat was born at Bourges during the first quarter of the seventeenth century; he began his studies at Sens, and continued them in Paris, where he was instructor in the Mazarin College. There he came under the influence of Richard Simon, the Orientalist and Biblical scholar.
Barat died in 1706 at Paris.

## Works

Most of Barat's published work was done in collaboration with other scholars. With Charles Bordes he edited the posthumous work of Louis Thomassin, Glossarium universale hebraicum (Paris, 1697), and aided Jean-Baptiste Duhamel in the publication of his Bible (Paris, 1706). At the time of his death he was engaged on a French translation of Schabtai's Rabbinical Library. His critical opinions, and much information that he had acquired, were published posthumously under the title, Nouvelle bibliothèque choisie (Amsterdam, 1714, 2 vols.)
# Khartoum League

The Khartoum League began in 1952 and was a famous historical regional championship in Sudan. The teams playing in it were those from the three cities of the capital Khartoum; Khartoum, Bahri, and Omdurman.
The most famous winners of the Khartoum league were the two traditionally strong teams from Sudan, Al-Merrikh and Al-Hilal. They won the championship 17 and 16 times respectively before their eventual withdrawal in 1997. No team had exceeded the number of tiles of Al-Merreikh even though the club has not taken part in the competition since early 1997.

## Championship history

* 1- 1951: Al-Tahrir SC (Bahri)
* 2- 1952: Al-Hilal Club
* 3- 1953: Al-Merrikh SC
* 4- 1954: Al-Hilal Club
* 5- 1955: Al-Merrikh SC
* - 1956: No Championship
* 6- 1957: Al-Hilal Club
* 7- 1958: Al-Hilal Club
* 8- 1959: Al-Hilal Club
* 9- 1960: Al-Hilal Club
* 10- 1961: Al-Merrikh SC
* 11- 1962: Al-Hilal Club
* 12- 1963: Al Neel SC (Khartoum)
* 13- 1964: Al-Hilal Club
* 14- 1965: Al-Merrikh SC
* 15- 1966: Al-Hilal Club
* 16- 1967: Al-Merrikh SC
* 17- 1968: Al-Hilal Club
* - 1969: No Championship
* 18- 1970: Al-Hilal Club
* 19- 1971: Al-Merrikh SC
* 20- 1972: Al-Hilal Club
* - 1973: No Championship
* 21- 1974: Al-Merrikh SC
* - 1975: No Championship
* - 1976: No Championship
* - 1977: No Championship
* 22- 1978: Al-Mourada SC
* 23- 1979: Al-Merrikh SC
* 24- 1980: Al-Merrikh SC
* 25- 1981: Al-Hilal Club
* 26- 1982: Al-Merrikh SC
* 27- 1983: Al-Hilal Club
* 28- 1984: Al-Merrikh SC
* 29- 1985: Al-Merrikh SC
* - 1986: No Championship
* - 1987: No Championship
* - 1988: No Championship
* 30- 1989: Al-Hilal Club
* 31- 1990: Al-Merrikh SC
* 32- 1991: Al-Merrikh SC
* 33- 1992: Al-Merrikh SC
* 34- 1993: Al-Hilal Club
* 35- 1994: Al-Mourada SC
* 36- 1995: Al-Merrikh SC
* 37- 1996: Al-Merrikh SC
* 38- 1997: Shambat SC
* 39- 1998: Burri SC
* - 2020-21: Al-Zoma SC
# Khartoum NC

Khartoum National Club is a football club based in Khartoum, Sudan. They play in the top level of Sudanese professional football, the Sudan Premier League. Their rivals are Ahli Al Khartoum. Al Khartoum is one of the elite Sudanese football teams that has been playing in the top tier of Sudanese football constantly since their promotion in 1996. They were previously known as Al Khartoum 3 which is the neighbourhood the team was founded in. Al Khartoum was the first team to ever represent the Khartoum 3 district as most teams were representing Omdurman. The team has been finishing up most of the seasons 4th which reflects how keen they are to be a strong member of the top football teams in Sudan. Mamoun Bashir Elnefidi is the chairman of AL Khartoum who is a wealthy businessman known for his Elnefiedi Group which is one of Sudan's top conglomerates,

## Performance in CAF competitions

* CAF Confederation Cup: 6 appearances
       2010 – First Round
       2011 – First Round of 16
       2013 – Preliminary Round
       2015 – Preliminary Round
       2016 – Preliminary Round
       2019-20 - First round
* CAF Cup: 1 appearance
       2003 – First Round

## Performance in UAFA competitions

* UAFA Club Championship 1 appearance
       2012-13 –Second Round

## Performance in CECAFA competitions

* CECAFA Clubs Cup/Kagame Interclub Cup 2 appearances
       2003 – Quarter-finals
       2015 – Semi-finals

## Players

    As of 8 February 2022
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | SDN | Mohamed Gouro |
| 2 | DF | SDN | Khaled Hashem |
| 3 | DF | SDN | Adam Aldali |
| 4 | DF | SDN | Jedo Komer |
| 5 | DF | SDN | Mazen Bashir |
| 6 | MF | SDN | Zeriab Yousef |
| 7 | MF | SDN | Muataz Hashem |
| 8 | MF | SDN | Alsheikh Muhamed |
| 9 | MF | SDN | Yousef Fadasi |
| 10 | MF | SDN | Muaaz Al-Quoz |
| 11 | FW | SDN | Ali Muhamed |
| 12 | DF | SDN | Muhamed Hassan Altayeb Captain |
| 13 | MF | SSD | Youhans John |
| 14 | MF | SDN | Abdel Samad Menen |
| 15 | MF | SDN | Muhamed Altesh |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 16 | GK | SDN | Khaled Nail |
| 17 | MF | SDN | Muataz Mahjoub |
| 18 | MF | SDN | Fawzi Muhamed |
| 19 | MF | SDN | Ahmed Almuhab |
| 20 | MF | SDN | Badreldin Galag |
| 21 | MF | SDN | Badreldin Ahmed |
| 22 | FW | SDN | Awad Tulba |

## Managers

* James Kwesi Appiah (2014–2017)
# Joseph Fowler

Joseph or Joe Fowler may refer to:
* Joseph-A. Fowler (1845–1917), Canadian composer, organist, choirmaster, pianist, and music educator
* Joseph S. Fowler (1820–1902), United States Senator from Tennessee
* Joe Fowler (1894–1993), United States Naval Admiral who had an important part in the building of Walt Disney World
* Boob Fowler (Joseph Chester Fowler, 1900–1988), Major League Baseball shortstop
# Kijimuna Festival

The International Theater Festival Okinawa for Young Audiences is a yearly children's theatrical festival held in Okinawa, Japan. It is sponsored by the city of Okinawa and features content from around the world. It was originally named the Kijimuna Festival after the Kijimuna, a mythical creature who inhabits the trees and swamps of Okinawa. In 2014, it moved its main venue to the city of Naha. Subsequently, in 2015, it was renamed the Ricca Ricca Festa after the phrase "let's go" in the Okinawan language.
# Kijimuta

Kijimuta (written: 雉子牟田) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Akiko Kijimuta (雉子牟田 明子, born 1968), Japanese tennis player
* Naoko Kijimuta (雉子牟田 直子, born 1972), Japanese tennis player
# Kijiya

Kijiya (木地屋, lit. woodworker) are Japanese woodworkers particularly known as woodturners for their lathe-produced kokeshi dolls or lacquered goods. They are attested from the medieval period, claiming descent from the oldest son of Emperor Montoku, Prince Koretaka (844–897), whom they credit with the invention of the wood lathe (rokuro). Originally the kijiya occupied the more populous parts of central and southern Japan and are said to originate from a single village, Higashi-Ogura, in Kanzaki District, Shiga Prefecture, leading them to take on the surname, "Ogura". As migrant minority group they moved about in groups of a few families, collecting wood in the mountains. Contact between these groups was achieved through two shrines, enshrining the legendary princely ancestor. Shrine officials traveled through the country, collecting contributions and handing out licenses for collecting wood and for pursuing their profession. In 1872, 1536 families were managed by one of these shrines. In the course of the Meiji Restoration the kijiya lost the right to collect wood and had to abandon their migratory lifestyle, settling in villages where they worked in furniture or lacquerware producing companies, or became farmers or charcoal makers. As late as 1939, small kijiya communities were reported in Fukushima Prefecture, though it is assumed that only individuals of these groups survive today, mainly in mountains and villages of Tohoku.

## Alternative names

Alternative names used to refer to kijiya include: kijishi (木地師, lit. wood specialist), kijikuri (木地くり, lit. wood gouger), rokuroshi (轆轤師, lit. lathe specialist), kijihiki (木地挽き, lit. woodturner), rokurohiki (轆轤挽き, lit. lathe turner), hikimonoshi (挽物師, lit. specialist of turned goods).
# Nicobi

Nicobi may refer to:
* Nicobi River in Quebec, Canada
* Nicobi Lake in Quebec, Canada
# Metro Council

Metro Council can refer to:
* Louisville Metro Council in Louisville, Kentucky
* Metropolitan Council (Minnesota) in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area
* Metropolitan Council (Davidson County) in Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee
* Metropolitan Toronto Council in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
* The governing body of Metro (Oregon regional government) in the Portland area
# Nicolas Mary

Nicolas Mary, sieur Desfontaines also called Desfontaines, born c. 1610 in Rouen – died 4 February 1652 in Angers, was a 17th-century French playwright, novelist and actor.
A prolific author, Desfontaines composed 13 theatre plays including L’Illustre Comédien ou Le Martyre de Saint Genest (1645) (which was revived by Rotrou the following year), Eurymédon ou l’Illustre Pirate, (1637), Orphise ou la Beauté persécutée (1638), Hermogène (1638), Bélisaire (1641), Les Galantes vertueuses (1642), Le Martyre de Saint Eustache (1644), Saint Alexis ou l’Illustre Olympie (1644), Alcidiane ou Les Quatre Rivaux (1645), Belissante ou l’Infidélité reconnue (1647) and La Véritable Sémiramis (1647).
An enthusiastic admirer of Corneille, Desfontaines also left a sequel to his tragedy Le Cid entitled la Vraie Suite du Cid as well as a follow-up to the tragedy Ibrahim Bassa by Georges de Scudéry.
Desfontaines gave three novels, les Heureuses Infortunes de Céliante et Marilinde, Veuves-Pucelles (1638), l’Illustre Amazonthe (1645) and l’Inceste innocent (1658).
Desfontaines also wrote about some religious subjects and was a translator from Italian.

## Works

* Tragédies hagiographiques, texts edited and presented by Claude Bourqui and Simone de Reyff, Paris, Société des textes français modernes, ISBN 2865032736

## Sources

* Louis-Henri Baratte, Poètes normands, Paris, Lacrampe, 1845
* Théodore-Éloi Lebreton, Biographie rouennaise, Rouen, Le Brument, 1865
* Joseph-François Michaud, Louis Gabriel Michaud, Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne, Paris, Michaud, 1813
# Metzen

Metzen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* James Metzen (1943–2016), American politician and businessman
* Chris Metzen (born 1973), American artist, author, and game designer