OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Josh Cooper (cryptographer)

Joshua Edward Synge ('Josh') Cooper CB, CMG (3 April 1901 in Fulham, London – 24 June 1981 in Buckinghamshire) was an English cryptographer.
Josh was the eldest son of Richard Edward Synge Cooper and his wife Mary Eleanor Burke who were married in Dublin exactly a year before his birth.
He was educated at Shrewsbury School, Brasenose College, Oxford, and King's College London.
He joined the Government Code and Cipher School as a Junior Assistant in October 1925 to specialise in Russian codes and ciphers. He was down from King's College London with a First in Russian and was teaching at a preparatory school in Margate. Then a sister of the novelist Charles Morgan said that Russian linguists were needed "at a place in Queen’s Gate". He was assigned to Ernst Fetterlein to work on Soviet diplomatic ciphers, with an Army officer, Capt. A.C. Stuart Smith. The first message he read was from Moscow to the Soviet representative in Washington, about the repudiation of debts by American states. In late 1929 to 1930 he was in the Naval Section attacking Russian Naval Codes, and was sent to Sarafand for a fifteen-month investigation of Black Sea Fleet communications. In 1936 he was made Head of the new Air Section at GC&CS.
At Bletchley Park in World War II he was head of the Air Section. He was awarded a C.M.G. in 1943 and a C.B. in 1958. Postwar Joshua wrote what some considered the best Russian grammar ever published.
His brother Arthur (born 1916) was also a linguist (Chinese and Japanese) at the FECB then FRUMEL; a bit eccentric but said to be a model of sanity compared with Joshua. Postwar Arthur translated Li Po and Tu Fu, a book of Chinese lyric poems, for the Penguin Classics series.
# Pseudoligostigma enalassalis

Pseudoligostigma enalassalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Panama.
# German submarine U-2516

German submarine U-2516 was a Type XXI U-boat (Elektroboot) of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during the Second World War. She spent the war as a trials vessel and was damaged beyond repair by a British air raid while docked and scrapped in Kiel, Germany.

## Construction

The U-2516 was laid down on 3 August 1944 at the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg, Germany. She was launched on 27 September 1944 and commissioned on 24 October 1944 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See der Reserve Fritz Kallipke with her U-boat emblem being a red deer.
When she was completed, the submarine was 76.70 metres (251 ft 8 in) long overall (o/a), with a beam of 8 metres (26 ft 3 in) and a draught of 6.32 metres (20 ft 9 in). She was assessed at 1,819 t (1,790 long tons) submerged and 1,621 t (1,595 long tons) when at the surface. The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each producing a total of 4,000 metric horsepower (2,940 kW; 3,950 shp) for use while surfaced and two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing a total of 5,000 metric horsepower (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp) and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 metric horsepower (166 kW; 223 shp) for use while submerged. The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph) with a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph) when running on silent motors. When submerged, the U-boat could operate for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) and when surfaced, she could travel 15.5000 nautical miles (28.7060 km; 17.8371 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).
The submarine was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (All fitted at the bow) and 23 torpedoes or 17 torpedoes and 12 mines. The boat was also equipped with four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The submarine had a complement of five officers and 52 men.

## Service history

U-2516 did not undertake any combat patrols and was instead assigned as a trials boat to the 31st U-boat Flotilla from 24 October 1944 onward always serving under the same commander until her career's end.
The U-2516 was docked at drydock number 1 in Kiel, Germany, on 9 April 1945 when the docks were attacked at 22:30 by British RAF bombers from Bomber Command's 1st, 3rd and 8th Groups. There were three men aboard U-2516 at the time of the attack working in the engine room. Two of them were killed when several bombs hit U-2516, which had also damaged her beyond repair ending her war career. Also destroyed by the bombing of Kiel that night was the U-1227. The wreck of U-2516 lay where she was sunk until she was scrapped after the war's end.
# Zhao Yangsheng

Zhao Yangsheng (Chinese: 赵阳升; born December 1955) is a Chinese scientist currently serving as a professor and doctoral supervisor at Taiyuan University of Technology. He is a member of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering (CSRME).

## Education

Zhao was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi in December 1955. After the resumption of college entrance examination, he attended Shanxi Mining Institute (now Taiyuan University of Technology) where he received his bachelor's degree in 1982. After completing his master's degree at Fuxin Mining Institute (now Liaoning Technical University), he attended Tongji University where he obtained his doctor's degree in 1992.

## Career

In 2018 he founded the National Research and Development Center for Oil Shale Exploitation with Sinopec.

## Honours and awards

* 1996 National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars
* 1999 "Chang Jiang Scholar" (or " Yangtze River Scholar")
* 2005 State Technological Invention Award (Second Class)
* 2006 National Labor Medal
* November 22, 2019 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
# Jim Davidson (rugby union, born 1942)

Jimmy Davidson (23 October 1942 in Armagh – 28 April 2007) was an Irish rugby union player and coach.
Davidson managed the Irish national rugby union team from 1987 until 1990. Davidson made his Ireland debut against France at Lansdowne Road on 25 January 1969 and went on to win six caps for Ireland, his last in 1976. He took over as coach of Ulster in 1983 and guided them to three inter-provincial titles before succeeding Mick Doyle as Ireland coach in 1987. Davidson led Ireland to five victories during his three year stint with the national side. He died in 2007 of cancer.
# NPAS1

NPAS1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor.
# Johannes Hermanus Grobler

Johannes Hermanus Grobler (23 December 1795 – 28 May 1876) was a Boer politician who served as the acting President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic from 15 September until 6 December 1860.

## Life

Grobler was the brother-in-law of Andries Potgieter, a leader of the Great Trek and thus he followed him in 1838 into the Transvaal region. He was the first Landdrost in both Potchefstroom as well as Ohrigstad and in 1852 he was one of the signatories of the Sand River Convention, which recognised Transvaal independence from Britain. He was elected to Volksraad, and served several times as the Chairman of Volksraad.

### Presidency

In 1860, Grobler became the acting President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic due to the declaration by the Volksraad (parliament) that Marthinus Wessel Pretorius was not allowed to be the simultaneous president of the South African Republic as well as the Orange Free State. In December of the same year, Grobler was ousted in a coup d'état by Stephanus Schoeman which was the catalyst for the Transvaal Civil War which eventually led to the defeat of Schoeman by Paul Kruger.
Grobler died in 1876 on his farm called Waterval in the Rustenburg District of the ZAR.
# Tools Design

Tools Design is a Danish design studio founded by partners Claus Jensen and Henrik Holbæk. The studio was founded in 1989 and do work in the area of consumer products and furniture. The design studio is among the most awarded in Denmark.
Tools Design has worked for Eva Solo, Georg Jensen, Scanglobe, Skybar, Bionaire, Coloplast and others.
# Jenifer Rice-Genzuk Henry

Jenifer Rice-Genzuk Henry, born as Jenifer Sara Rice-Genzuk and previously known as Jeni G., is an American screenwriter and former singer. She is currently working as Executive Producer and co-showrunner on the Freeform series Grown-ish. Before her time as a screenwriter, she was a member of the American girl group Before Dark. She also served as a staff writer on MTV's Death Valley, an executive producer on BET's The Game and as a co-executive producer on the ABC series Black-ish .

## Education

In 2001, Rice-Genzuk Henry graduated from USC University of Southern California with a B.S. in Music Industry.

## Discography (with Before Dark)
### Album

* 2000: Daydreamin'

### Singles

| Year | Song | Chart positions | Chart positions | Chart positions |
| Year | Song | US Hot 100 | US R&B | US Rhythmic |
| 1999 | "Baby" | — | 48 | — |
| 1999 | "Come Correct" | — | 93 | — |
| 2000 | "Monica" | 77 | 41 | 22 |

## Filmography
### The Game episodes

* "To Baby... Or Not To Baby" (2007)
* "Je-Rome Wasn't Built In A Day" (2008)
* "Take These Vows And Shove 'Em!" (2008)
* "The Platski Thickens" (2008)
* "Hill Street Blues" (2009)
* "A Very Special Episode" (2011)
* "Whip It, Whip It Good" (2011)
* "Keep Your Friends Close And Your Prostitute Closer" (2012)
* "A Punch In The Gut... Full Of Human" (2012)
* "Let Them Eat (Cup)Cake!" (2012)
* "Cold Swine Sucks... And So Does Falling In Love!" (2012)
* "How To Lose All Your Phat In One Day" (2013)
* "I Love Luke... Ahh!" (2013)
* "A Swan Song For Rick And Tasha" (2013)
* "He's A No-Good, Lyin', Cheatin', Honky-Tonk Man!" (2014)
* "The Pittsy Shuffle: Why Pitts Really Dripped" (2015)
* "Acting Class And Rebound Ass" (2015)
* "Hashtag My Bad" (2015)
* "Clip It... Clip It Good" (2015)

### Death Valley episodes

* "Who, What, When, Werewolf... Why?" (2011)

### Black-ish episodes

* "Jacked o' Lantern" (2015)
* "Good-ish Times" (2016)
* "Being Bow-Racial" (2016)
* "ToysRn'tUs" (2017)
* "Dog Eat Dog World" (2018)

### Grown-ish episodes

* "Late Registration" (2018)
* "It's Hard Out There For A Pimp" (2018)
* "Crew Love" (2018)
* "Face the World" (2019)
* "Strictly 4 My..." (2019)
* "Dreams and Nightmares" (2019)
* "Age Ain't Nothing But A Number" (2020)
* "Know Yourself" (2021)
* "Who Do You Love?" (2021)
* "A BOY IS A GUN" (2021)
* "You Beat Me to the Punch" (2021)
# Lagerwey

Lagerwey may refer to:
* Lagerwey Wind [nl], Dutch wind turbine manufacturer
* Engelbertus Lagerwey [de] (1880–1959), bishop of Deventer
* Garth Lagerwey (born 1972), retired American soccer goalkeeper and manager
* John Lagerwey [de] (born 1946), American sinologist
# Janis Spindel

Janis Spindel is a matchmaker, author, and entrepreneur. According to her website, she created the matchmaking service after matching fourteen couples who married within one year. Before entering the matchmaking field, she owned nine retail locations of "Mommy and Me". Spindel has been involved with several charities. Spindel is also a former fashion executive.
As the founder, her company, Janis Spindel Serious Matchmaking, Inc., was established in 1993 and is headquartered in New York City on the Upper East Side and, in the summer months, in the Hamptons. She had traveled to the US and Canada for her clients. The website was launched in 2005. She originally worked with both men and women, but now only works with men. She specializes in upscale professionals.

## Books

Her first book, Get Serious About Getting Married: 365 Proven Ways to Find Love in Less Than a Year, was published by HarperCollins in January 2006.
Her second book, How to Date Men: Dating Secrets from America's Top Matchmaker, was released in August 2007.
# Pseudoligostigma heptopalis

Pseudoligostigma heptopalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Brazil.
# Sisurcana brasiliana

Sisurcana brasiliana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Brazil (Santa Catarina, Paraná).
The wingspan is 18–22 mm.
# Zen: The Music of Fred Katz

Zen: The Music of Fred Katz is the debut album by cellist and composer Fred Katz released on the Pacific Jazz label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Allmusic site rated the album 3 stars and stated: "Some of the music is overly precious and a bit fragile, but there are some swinging moments, making this a worthwhile (if difficult-to-find) Third Stream effort".

## Track listing

All compositions by Fred Katz
* "Lord Randall" - 7:32
* "Suite for Horn:" - 13:34
** "Allegro"
** "Zen"
** "Science Fiction"
* "Pluck It" - 2:58
* "Classical Katz" - 2:59
* "Loma" - 3:27
* "Granada" - 3:54
* "Katz-Up" - 3:51
* "Montuna" - 4:27

## Personnel

* Fred Katz - cello
* Paul Horn - tenor saxophone, alto saxophone, flute, clarinet
* John Pisano - guitar (tracks 1-3 & 5-8)
* Carson Smith - bass (tracks 1-3 & 5-8)
* Chico Hamilton - drums (tracks 1-3 & 5-8)
* Dick Noel, Joe Howard, Herbie Harper - trombone (track 2)
* Harry Klee - flute (track 2)
* Willy Schwartz - clarinet (track 2)
* Julie Jacobs - oboe (track 2)
* Marty Berman - bassoon (track 2)
# Naganandini

Naganandini (pronounced naga + nandini-daughter ( nandini ) of Naga/Mountain i.e. Pārvati) is a ragam (musical scale) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). It is the 30th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Nagābharanam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

## Structure and Lakshana

It is the 6th rāgam in the 5th chakra Bana. The mnemonic name is Bana-Sha. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gu ma pa dhu nu. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
* ārohaṇa: S R₂ G₃ M₁ P D₃ N₃ Ṡ
* avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₃ D₃ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S
(the scale uses the notes chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shatsruthi dhaivatham, kakali nishadham)
As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Chitrambari, the 66th melakarta.

## Janya rāgams

Naganandini has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for all rāgams associated with Naganandini.

## Compositions

A few compositions set to Naganandini are:
* Nagabharanam by Muthuswami Dikshitar
* Sattaleni dinamu by Thyagaraja
* Dakshayani rakshamam by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna

## Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Naganandini's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other minor melakarta rāgams, namely, Bhavapriya and Vagadheeshwari. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Naganandini.
# Maud Jamison

Maud Powell Jamison (14 January 1890 – 18 June 1974) was an American suffragist. She joined the National Women's Party in 1916, and organized in support of women's suffrage, which led to multiple arrests and four prison sentences. Along with Alice Paul, the chair of the National Women's Party, Jamison and others picketed in front of the White House to pressure President Woodrow Wilson to support women's suffrage from 1917 to 1919.

## Life

She grew up in Norfolk, Virginia. Starting in 1909, she taught in Norfolk public schools. She joined the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. In 1915, she also joined the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage.
In 1916, she moved to Washington, D.C., to volunteer for the National Women's Party. On June 25, 1917, she was arrested picketing the White House. On August 28, she was arrested, and sentenced to 30 days in the Occoquan Workhouse. On October 6, and October 8, 1917, she was arrested again. In October 1918, she picketed the United States Capitol.
She moved to Topeka, Kansas, where she married John Earl Thomas, on 16 July 1921. In the 1930s, she moved to San Gabriel, California. She died on 18 June 1974, in Los Angeles
# Ischnophylla

Ischnophylla is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae. It contains the species Ischnophylla similicolor, which is found in South Africa.
# Lacrimosa (Kalafina song)

"Lacrimosa" is Kalafina's fourth single, featuring Wakana, Keiko and Hikaru. The single was released on March 4, 2009. The song was used as the closing theme to the anime television series Black Butler starting with episode 14. The single was also available as a limited edition release, containing a bonus DVD.

## Track listings
### CD

All tracks are written by Yuki Kajiura

### Limited edition DVD
## Charts

| Chart | Peak position | Sales |
| Oricon Weekly Singles | 14 | 17,676 |
# International Orthoptic Association

The International Orthoptic Association represents over 20,000 orthoptists, in over 20 countries.

## History

The International Orthoptic Association was formed in 1967 after the first International Orthoptic Congress. The British Orthoptic Association were the founding members.

## Registration and licensing

Orthoptists are required to be licensed by their respective countries. Many countries also require them to undertake continuing professional education.

## Professional work

Orthoptists are part of the eye care professional team. They primarily work alongside ophthalmologists, in the co-management of strabismus and binocular vision disorders, such as amblyopia.
Orthoptists are involved in international research, whilst some are employed (particular in the US and Canada) to teach training ophthalmology residents the practice of standard orthoptic care, vision therapy and ocular sonographer practice.
# Sisurcana batalloana

Sisurcana batalloana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Venezuela.
The wingspan is about 29 mm.
# Zen Center of Los Angeles

The Zen Center of Los Angeles (ZCLA), temple name Buddha Essence Temple, is a Zen center founded by Hakuyu Taizan Maezumi in 1967 that practices in the White Plum lineage.
ZCLA observes a daily schedule of zazen, Buddhist services, and work practice. The Center's programs include introductory classes, sesshin, workshops and training periods, as well as face-to-face meetings with Abbot Wendy Egyoku Nakao and other Center teachers. The sangha practices zazen and koan training in the Maezumi-Glassman lineage.
ZCLA's mission is to know the Self, maintain the precepts, and serve others. The Center serves by providing the teaching, training, and transmission of Zen Buddhism. ZCLA's vision is an enlightened world in which suffering is transcended, all beings live in harmony, everyone has enough, deep wisdom is realized, and compassion flows unhindered.
# M. R. Prajapati

Mansukhbhai Raghavjibhai Prajapati is a famous rural innovator in India known for his earthen clay-based functional products like:
* Mitticool
* Non Stick Clay Tawa
* Low cost water filters
He is the holder of the Indian patents for these products, that boast high efficiency and an eco-friendly nature.
He was born in a poor Prajapati (Kumhar) family belonging to the village Nichimandal of Morbi, Rajkot Gujrat on 17 October 1965, where he had to struggle to study. He had exposure to the clay tradition since his childhood, as this was his family’s traditional profession. Mitticool was featured recently at a conference organized by the Centre for India & Global Business, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, UK in May 2009. Bosch and Siemens Hausgeräte (BSH), Germany, one of the world’s largest home appliance companies have also written to GIAN and showed interest in the product.
# Naganathaswamy Temple, Peraiyur

Naganathaswamy Temple is a Siva temple in Peraiyur in Pudukkottai district in Tamil Nadu (India).

## Location

This temple is located in Pudukkottai-Ponnamaravathi road, at a distance of 12 km. from Pudukkottai. This is one of the important temples devoted to Nāga.

## Presiding deity

As Naga worshipped the presiding deity it is known as Naganathaswamy. The Goddess is known as Prahathambal. This place is known as Shenbagavanam and Girikshetram. In the kosta of the presiding deity, Annamalaiyar, Brahma, Gajalakshmi and Subramania are found. In the north prakara shrines of Chandikesvarar and Durga are found.

## Nagaraja worship

In the temple campus, granite Nāgas donated by the devotees, measuring to from 6" to 2' height are found. Such donated Nāgas are also set up in the compound wall of the temple. Naga worship, starts from the worship of Nature. In this temple, Kumbhabhishekhams were held in 1865, 1977 and 1989.

## Inscriptions

Inscriptions pertaining to Rajendra Chola (1012-1044 CE) are found in this temple. Inscription of Cholas, Pandyas, Vijayanaga, Tondaimans of Arantangi and Pudukkottai are also found in this temple.

## Festival

During Adippuram for Goddess and during Panguni Chittirai for the presiding deity flag hoisting is held in a grand manner. Car festival is held in this temple.

## Another Shiva temple

There is also another Shiva temple in Peraiyur, known as Devanathaswamy Temple, one of the shrines of the Vaippu Sthalams sung by Tamil Saivite Nayanar Sundarar.
# National Basketball Referees Association

The National Basketball Referees Association (NBRA) is the labor union that represents National Basketball Association (NBA), G League, and Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) referees. It was founded in 1977.

## History

The National Basketball Officials Association was formed in 1973 to improve the labor environment for NBA referees. The association became a labor union in 1977. Originally formed as the National Association of Basketball Referees, the union settled on its current name during its negotiations for a collective bargaining agreement.

### 1977 Strike

Led by Richie Phillips, the NBRA's first major action was an effort to win a collective bargaining agreement. The NBA was contracting officials individually at that point. The 24-member union decided to strike during the 1977 playoffs, for maximum visibility. Phillips called a strike on April 10, the last day of the regular season. The union was seeking higher wages, severance, and arbitration for fired officials. The NBA PLayers Association had a no-strike clause at that point, and they refused to strike in solidarity. Some players and coaches felt the game was improved by their absence.
The NBA responded by hiring replacement referees from the Eastern Basketball League and elsewhere. Costing only $300 per game, plus a $40 per diem, the NBA made do with scabs until their inferior officiating caused complaints from players and fans. The NBA agreed to recognize the NBRA as a negotiating partner and the two eventually agreed to a contract.

### 1983 Strike

When their first CBA expired in 1983, the NBRA asked for a 48% wage increase. Referees' starting salary was $24,000, and they averaged $40,000, while NBA players averaged $248,000. As before, the NBA replaced them, and the results were so poor that Dick Young wrote, "The fill-in officials are brutal. I thought I was watching...a steel cage match. Palming? I don't believe these substitute refs know what palming is. And traveling? Forget it. There is no such violation...Next thing you know, the NBA players will be putting the ball under their arm like a running back."
The strike lasted from the beginning of the season until December 16.

### 1995 Lockout

The NBA locked out the referees because the NBRA rejected the league's request for a no-strike clause in their contract. The NBA was offering a 30% wage increase over 5 years from the 1995–96 season, while the union was asking for a 70% increase in the first year of a new contract. The NBA again used replacement referees and reduced the size of game crews from 3 officials to 2.
Under Fred Slaughter, the NBRA held out until early December. In a 27–26 vote (with 2 members not voting), the union agreed to a new 5-year contract that would see starting salaries increase to $90,000 and top salaries to $328,000.

### WNBA

In 2017, the NBRA negotiated the WNBA's first collective bargaining agreement with its referees. The contract resulted in a 66% wage increase and a 401(k).