OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hired armed cutter Spider

His Majesty's Hired armed cutter Spider served the Royal Navy on contract between 9 July 1803 and 8 December 1804. She had a burthen of 114 1⁄94 tons (bm) and was armed with ten 12-pounder carronades. She may have been the brig Spider, of 113 tons (bm) and fourteen 12 and 2-pounder guns, that had received a letter of marque on 29 January 1801 under Captain John Friend.
In March 1804, Spider detained two vessels, Maria, Anslack, master, and Atalante, Hennersman, master. They were sailing from Marennes to Konigsberg and Spider sent them into Plymouth.

## Citations

* ↑ Winfield (2008), p. 391.
* ↑ Letters of Marque
* ↑ Lloyd's List, no.4440. - accessed 16 May 2016.
# Madapollam

Madapollam /ˌmædəˈpɒləm/ is a soft cotton fabric manufactured from fine yarns with a dense pick laid out in linen weave. Madapollam is used as an embroidery and handkerchief fabric and as a base for fabric printing. The equal warp and weft mean that the tensile strength and shrinkage is the same in any two directions at right angles and that the fabric absorbs liquids such as ink, paint and aircraft dope equally along its X and Y axes.
It was used as the covering for the de Havilland Mosquito a pioneer of wooden monocoque airframe construction in military aircraft, as well as in other aircraft, where it was tautened and stiffened with aircraft dope.
The cloth takes its name from the eponymous village near Narsapur, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India, where the East India Company had a cloth factory.
# Hippodrome Wellington

The Hippodrome Wellington (also Wellingtonrenbaan) is a horse racing track in Ostend in the Flemish Region of Belgium built in 1883, renovated in 2011 and named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.
The facility hosts both harness and flat racing events. Starting at the end of June, there's a race day every Monday (until September). Notable among its flat races for Thoroughbred horses was the Grand Prix Prince Rose held annually in July on the Nationale feestdag. Formerly known as the Grand International d'Ostende, it was renamed to honor the great Belgian horse, Prince Rose.
The venue hosted concerts by artists like Michael Jackson (1997), David Bowie (2002) and Bon Jovi (2003) and the 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
In 2004 the center of the race track was converted into a golf course named Wellington Golf Oostende.. It holds 4 golf holes of the total of 9. The golf course is closed on race days.
The Royal Galleries of Ostend were built to link the track to King Leopold II of Belgium's villa, allowing the king and his guests to travel between the two without being inconvenienced by rain or wind.
On September 3, 1997, American pop-star Michael Jackson gave here a concert as part of his HIStory World Tour. It was dedicated to Princess Diana, who died 4 days earlier on August 31, 1997.
The racecourse and part of the nearby beach have occasionally been used for cyclo-cross races, including the 2021 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

## Film shot at the Hippodrome Wellington

* 1996: Camping Cosmos directed by Jan Bucquoy (Jockey sequence)
# Hippodrome of Berytus

The hippodrome of Berytus was a circus in the Roman colony of Berytus (modern-day Beirut). It is one of two hippodromes in Beirut.

## History

The hippodrome was built close to the port and forum of Berytus (modern Beirut). It was one of the largest in the Levant, occupying an area of 3500 m$^2$, and was probably similar in overall design to the Circus Maximus in Rome, comprising starting gates and a circuit of two straight tracks connected by a semicircular end. The circus was mostly used for chariot racing, which was an immensely popular and highly partisan spectator sport throughout the Roman Empire; the track would have been surrounded by seating tiers for spectators. The Berytus hippodrome is mentioned in the anonymous, late 4th century Expositio totius mundi et gentium ("A description of the world and its people") as one of the five best racing circuits in the Levant, the others being at Antioch, Laodicea, Caesarea and Tyrus.
During the 6th and the 7th centuries of the Byzantine Empire, violent factional and political disturbances at circuses (such as the Nike riots in Constantinople) led to their gradual abandonment as places of costly, officially subsidised mass entertainment. The hippodrome at Berytus fell into disuse and disrepair.
Its stone was later mined and reused in the construction of other buildings, according to archeologist Lee Levine. Its outline remained sufficiently clear in the 20th century for identification as a hippodrome by the archaeologist Robert du Mesnil du Buisson. Its groundworks were partially excavated in 1988. An approximately 90-meter section of wall has been uncovered, alongside the straight, and the foundations of seating tiers at the semi-circular end.
The hippodrome site is near the Maghen Abraham Synagogue in Wadi Abu Jamil, the historic, Jewish quarter of Beirut.

## Preservation

In 2009, the site was officially listed in the general inventory of historic buildings, and the Culture Minister Tamam Salam ruled that it should be preserved in situ and turned into a tourist landmark.
According to an article appearing in the French daily, L'Orient-Le Jour, Gaby Layoun, the Culture Minister at the time, approved in March 2012 plans for a luxury residential complex to be built over the ruins of Beirut's Roman Hippodrome, bypassing the recommendations of three of his predecessors: Tarek Mitri, Salim Wardé, and Tammam Salam. The Association for the Protection of the Lebanese Heritage (APLH) organized protests as an attempt to reverse the Culture Ministry's decision to allow the building over the hippodrome. Following the litigation brought by APLH, the court suspended on May 31, 2012, the Culture Ministry's decision, N˚ 849, to dismantle the Roman Hippodrome that would have allowed for the construction of a building project on the site. The site was protected until 2015 when construction began again.
# Magdalena Mouján

Magdalena Araceli Mouján Otaño (1926–2005) was an Argentine mathematician of Basque descent, a pioneer of Argentine computer science, operations research, and nuclear physics, and an award-winning science fiction author.

## Life

Mouján was born on March 26, 1926, in Pehuajó (Buenos Aires Province), the granddaughter of Basque writer Pedro Mari Otaño [eu]. After studying mathematics at the National University of La Plata, she completed a doctorate in 1950.
She went on to hold teaching positions at the Catholic University of La Plata, the National University of Córdoba, the National University of Comahue and the National University of Luján, with a temporary hiatus beginning in 1966 because of the Argentine Revolution.
She died on July 17, 2005, in Mar del Plata.

## Research

In 1957, Mouján became one of four founding members of an operations research group funded by the Argentine Army and led by mathematician Agustín Durañona y Vedia. In the 1960s, she joined the National Atomic Energy Commission and began using the Clementina computer [es], the first scientific computer in Argentina, at the University of Buenos Aires. Her calculations were used to help build the RA-1 Enrico Fermi nuclear reactor.

## Writing

Mouján began writing science fiction in the early 1960s under a pseudonym, "Inge Matquim". A science fiction story by Mouján, "Los Huáqueros", won joint first prize at Mardelcon, the 1968 Argentine science fiction convention.
Another of her stories, "Gu ta Gutarrak" (Basque for "we and ours"), was written in homage to her grandfather's 1899 poem of the same title, and as "a satire of the Basque nationalist myth of the antiquity and purity of the Basque race". It describes the adventures of a time-traveling Basque family who return to their homeland in the time of their ancestors. The story was accepted for a 1970 issue of the Spanish science fiction magazine Nueva Dimensión, but its publication was blocked by the Franco regime as being contrary to the ideals of Spanish unity. The story was translated into multiple languages, and finally republished by Nueva Dimensión in 1979, after Franco's death.
# Made in Australia (film)

Made In Australia is an Australian feature film released in 2013. Filmed in Melbourne, Australia and Hong Kong on a microbudget. It was awarded 'Best Guerrilla Film' at the 14th Melbourne Underground Film Festival One of the film's core themes is the perception of Asian masculinity in the West. The film is one of the only Australian features to show full-frontal Asian male nudity in film, with the title credits "Made In Australia" appearing over Matthew Victor Pastor's genitalia.

## Asian-Australian identity

   Perhaps in a genre all its own. It is not a glowing feel good "ethnic" themed film as seen in Bend It Like Beckham overseas, or more locally, Strictly Ballroom in Australia. Nor is it a narrative of an intergenerational struggle avoiding poverty and escaping the ghosts and sorrow that can come with migration in the way the excellent The Home Song Stories and Mother Fish films followed. Pastor's film is more surreal, stronger in angst and lust, more brave in depicting the messiness of some human desires, and quite honest in how flawed we can be as humans, lovers, and individuals trying to make sense of our hearts, homes and homelands.
# Hisamatsu

Hisamatsu (written: 久松) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fumio Hisamatsu (久松 文雄, born 1943), Japanese manga artist and character designer
* Hisamatsu Sadakatsu (久松 定勝, 1560–1624), Japanese daimyō
* Ikumi Hisamatsu (久松 郁実, born 1996), Japanese fashion model, gravure idol, television personality and actress
* Seiji Hisamatsu (久松 静児, 1912–1990), Japanese film director
* Shiho Hisamatsu (久松 志保, born 1979), Japanese tennis player
* Shin'ichi Hisamatsu (久松 真一, 1889–1980), Japanese Zen Buddhist scholar, philosopher and tea master
# Magana

Magana is a monotypic genus of Arabian cellar spiders containing the single species, Magana velox. It was first described by B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho in 2019, and it has only been found in Oman.
# Magic string (therapeutic aid)

Magic string is a psychological therapeutic aid used to make radiotherapy treatment for children less stressful. Without its use, many children need to have general anaesthetic in order to receive their treatment.

## Background

Patients receiving radiotherapy have to be alone inside a lead-lined room, since only they can be exposed to the radiation, and also have to stay still during the treatment, with the necessary immobility being achieved through the use of a radiotherapy mask that covers the face and shoulders and is fastened to the treatment bed. Adult patients often find this claustrophobic and it can be particularly distressing for young children. Consequently, many young patients have required sedation with a general anaesthetic in order to meet the requirements of their radiotherapy.

## Implementation

The use of magic string, simply a multi-coloured ball of twine, was learned about in 2007 by Lobke Marsden, a play specialist at the Bexley Wing oncology unit of St James's University Hospital in Leeds, as a low-cost solution to the problem of children's difficulties with radiotherapy. One end of the string is held by the patient and the other end by the parent. In 2017, Marsden told Ellen Wallwork of The Huffington Post,
   "String is perfect for children that really need that connection with their parents. They often give it a little tug, and the parents tug it back from the other room to let the child know they are right there with them", adding that, "It has proven to be the cheapest and one of the best pieces of 'equipment' we own".
Writing in The Guardian in June 2018, Rachel Clarke said, "Cheap as chips and priceless, magic string was created not for profit or personal gain – but simply because someone cared".
# Hispanomydas

Hispanomydas is a genus of flies in the family Mydidae.

## Species

* Hispanomydas hispanicus Arias, 1914
# Maha-Sangram

Maha-Sangram (also known in the UK as The Big Battle) is a 1990 Indian Hindi-language action drama film, directed by Mukul Anand. The film features an ensemble cast of Vinod Khanna, Govinda, Aditya Pancholi, Madhuri Dixit, Shaheen, Sonu Walia, and Amjad Khan. The film is best known for bringing Aditya Pancholi into the limelight, as it was his show-stealing performance and his first commercial success in Bollywood. His performance as the angry villain Thakur was critically acclaimed and widely accepted, thus becoming the main reason for the movie's success.

## Plot

Uttar Pradesh-based Vishal gets a telegram from Santa Cruz Police Station that his younger collegian brother, Arjun, is dead. Distraught he travels to Bombay, collects his brothers ashes, and finds out that Arjun met a violent death. With the aid of a street-smart con-woman and her mentor, Babu Kasai Hyderabadi, he then sets out to find who killed his brother - not knowing that soon he will be drawn into the dark world of Godha and Vishwaraj.

## Cast

* Vinod Khanna as Vishal
* Madhuri Dixit as Jhumri
* Aditya Pancholi as Suraj
* Govinda as Arjun
* Sumeet Saigal as Prakash
* Sonu Walia as Neelam
* Shaheen as Pooja
* Amjad Khan as Bada Godha
* Gulshan Grover as Police Officer
* Shakti Kapoor as Babu Kasai
* Kiran Kumar as Vishwa
* Pradeep Rawat as Pakya
* Shammi as Mary

## Track list

The soundtrack was composed by Anand Milind. The item number "Dhak Dhak Dil Dhadke" features vocals by Alisha Chinai with a few lines rendered by Aditya Pancholi, who has acted in the movie. Lyrics were penned by Sameer
| Song | Singer |
| "I Love You" (female) | Alka Yagnik |
| "I Love You" (happy) | Alka Yagnik, Mohammed Aziz, Udit Narayan, Jolly Mukherjee, Anand |
| "I Love You" (sad) | Mohammad Aziz, Alka Yagnik |
| "Do Dooni Chaar" | Amit Kumar, Anuradha Paudwal |
| "Aa Bahon Mein Aa" | Amit Kumar, Anuradha Paudwal |
| "Chhodke Tujhko" (happy) | Mohammad Aziz, Suresh Wadkar |
| "Chhodke Tujhko" (sad) | Mohammad Aziz, Suresh Wadkar |
| "Aaya Main Aaya" | Udit Narayan, Amit Kumar |
| "Dhak Dhak Dil Dhadke" | Alisha Chinai |
# Historia Normannis

Historia Normannis is a 12th-century reenactment society, primarily based in the UK. It currently has around ~40 active 'cells' across the UK, and a cell group in Brittany, France. The society has an active membership of around 600, making it one of the largest societies in the UK. The group's primary focus is on the period 1135–1215. The society usually hosts a large event in the first weekend in May.

## Activities

The society, like most in the UK, provides a range of combat displays and living history craft displays, as well as engaging in film-work and other promotional activities – often featuring in local press in locations where the group is highly active. They recently featured in Episode 4 of the UKTV series, Weekend Warriors, which followed the group's build-up to their annual event at Whittington Castle in Shropshire.

## Membership

The society accepts new members through any of the currently active cell groups in the UK and France. Details about joining can be found on the group's website.
# Historical Society of the Northern Territory

The Historical Society of the Northern Territory is a historical society founded in Darwin, Australia in 1964. Major objectives of the Society include (1) the study of the history of the Northern Territory of Australia; (2) encouraging the preservation of the Northern Territory's historical relics and records by their deposit with an appropriate national or local authority, but not with the Society (which does not maintain archives or collections); (3) promoting lectures, discussions, excursions and exhibitions relating to the history of the Northern Territory; and (4) providing an avenue for publishing on the history of the Northern Territory in the Society's journal or as an occasional paper or book.
The Society works with other historical societies and cultural organisations to advocate on behalf of the sector and to provide leadership and guidance.
The Society is the Northern Territory constituent member of the Federation of Australian Historical Societies

## History

The Society was formed in Darwin in 1964.

## Publications

The Society publishes a journal, newsletter and other publications.
# Mad Vallis

Mad Vallis is a vallis (valley) in the Hellas quadrangle of Mars, with its location centered at 56.5° S and 283.9° W. It is 524 km long and was named after the Mad River in Vermont, USA.
# MTV Movie & TV Award for Best Show

This is a following list of the MTV Movie & TV Award winners and nominees for Best Show. The category debuted in 2017 when the ceremony began jointly celebrating cinema and television under the name Show of the Year.

## Winners and nominees
### 2010s

| Year | Show | Network |
| 2017 | Stranger Things | Netflix |
| 2017 | Atlanta | FX |
| 2017 | Game of Thrones | HBO |
| 2017 | Insecure | HBO |
| 2017 | Pretty Little Liars | Freeform |
| 2017 | This Is Us | NBC |
| 2018 | Stranger Things | Netflix |
| 2018 | Game of Thrones | HBO |
| 2018 | Grown-ish | Freeform |
| 2018 | Riverdale | The CW |
| 2018 | 13 Reasons Why | Netflix |
| 2019 | Game of Thrones | HBO |
| 2019 | Big Mouth | Netflix |
| 2019 | The Haunting of Hill House | Netflix |
| 2019 | Riverdale | The CW |
| 2019 | Schitt's Creek | Pop TV |

### 2020s

| Year | Show | Network |
| 2021 | WandaVision | Disney+ |
| 2021 | The Boys | Amazon Prime Video |
| 2021 | Bridgerton | Netflix |
| 2021 | Cobra Kai | Netflix |
| 2021 | Emily in Paris | Netflix |
| 2022 | Euphoria | HBO |
| 2022 | Inventing Anna | Netflix |
| 2022 | Loki | Disney+ |
| 2022 | Squid Game | Netflix |
| 2022 | Ted Lasso | Apple TV+ |
| 2022 | Yellowstone | Paramount Network |
| 2023 |
| 2023 | The Last of Us | HBO |
| 2023 | Stranger Things | Netflix |
| 2023 | Wednesday | Netflix |
| 2023 | The White Lotus | HBO |
| 2023 | Wolf Pack | Paramount+ |
| 2023 | Yellowstone | Paramount Network |
| 2023 | Yellowjackets | Showtime |

## Multiple wins and nominations

| Nominations | Series |
| 3 | Game of Thrones |
| 3 | Stranger Things |
| 2 | Riverdale |
| Awards | Series |
| 2 | Stranger Things |
| Nominations | Network |
| 12 | Netflix |
| 7 | HBO |
| 2 | Disney+ |
| 2 | Freeform |
| 2 | Paramount Network |
| 2 | The CW |
| Awards | Network |
| 3 | HBO |
| 2 | Netflix |
# Kei myotis

The Kei myotis (Myotis stalkeri) is a species of vesper bat. It is found only in Indonesia.
# Kazimieras Motieka

Kazimieras Motieka (12 November 1929 in Kaunas – 31 August 2021) was a Lithuanian politician and lawyer. In 1990 he was among those who signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
He studied law in the graduate studies at the law faculty of Vilnius University. Motieka was Attorney at law at the law firm Motieka and Audzevičius.
# Moritz Ellinger

Moritz Ellinger (October 17, 1830 – August 27, 1907) was a Kingdom of Bavaria-born Jewish-American journalist and city official.

## Life

Ellinger was born on October 17, 1830, in Fürth, Kingdom of Bavaria, the son of Jacob Hirsch Ellinger and Jochabed Fegersheim. He was educated at the Fürth Orphan Asylum and spent two years studying at the Würzburg Yeshiva under Seligman Baer Bamberger.
Ellinger immigrated to America in 1854 and initially worked in the importation of rare books. He then entered political life, running as a Republican against Fernando Wood in the strongly Democratic New York's 9th congressional district in the 1870 United States House of Representatives election. He lost the election to Wood and came in third place. From 1873 to 1876, he served as apportionment clerk in the New York City Department of Finance. He then served as Coroner of New York City from 1876 to 1881. He then became record clerk and interpreter of the Surrogate's Court from 1881 until his death.
Prominently identified with B'nai B'rith, Ellinger served as secretary of its executive committee from 1869 to 1879, corresponding secretary from 1895 to 1905, and an executive committee member. He founded the Jewish Times and served as its editor from 1869 to 1878. An advocate of Reform Judaism, he used the paper to express the views of Rabbi David Einhorn. In 1882, he toured Europe on behalf of American Jewish leaders to help organize the migration of Russian Jewish refugees. He edited the Menorah Monthly, the official organ of B'nai B'rith, for twelve years following the death of Benjamin F. Peixotto.
Ellinger was secretary of the Goethe Club and the Palette Club, corresponding secretary of the Medico-Legal Society, a member of the Society of American Authors, a fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences, and chairman of the Council of the Congress of Tuberculosis. He instituted the first B'nai B'rith lodge in Germany. In 1876, he married Julia Waterman, with Rabbi David Einhorn officiating the marriage. They had a son and a daughter.
Ellinger died at his home in Mount Vernon on August 27, 1907. His funeral took place in Temple Beth-El. He was buried in the Beth-El Cemetery in Ridgewood, Queens.
# Moritz Friedländer

Moritz Friedländer (October 17, 1844–January 30, 1919) was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish scholar of religion.

## Life

Moritz Friedländer was born in 1844 in Borský Svätý Jur, then part of Hungary in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now part of Slovakia). He was educated at the University of Prague, where he also attended the Talmudic lectures of Prague's Chief Rabbi Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport. His liberal views kept him from potentially becoming a rabbi himself. He taught for a brief period as a religious instructor at a high school in Vienna. After, he became secretary of the Israelitische Allianz zu Wien (Israelite Alliance of Vienna) in 1875. In 1881–82, he made several trips to Brody (then part of the Russian Empire) with a delegation from the Alliance Israélite Universelle of Paris to help Russian Jews emigrate to the United States. He published his impressions of the miserable condition of Russian Jews under the title "Fünf Wochen in Brody" (Five Weeks in Brody). In his work with the Allianz, he campaigned for the opening of the first Jewish public school in Galicia, which encountered resistance from the Haredi orthodox who preferred to keep the government uninvolved. His work in Galicia attracted the attention of Jewish philanthropist Maurice de Hirsch and his wife Clara, who helped fund the establishment of Jewish schools in the region, both boys schools and girls schools.
Friedländer married Rosalie Grünhut. Their son Oskar, born in 1881, would later become a philosopher, convert to Protestantism, and change his name to Oskar Ewald. Moritz Friedländer died in Vienna on January 10, 1919.

## Scholarship and work

Friedländer had a very admiring and positive view of Hellenistic Judaism, Judaism in the Hellenistic period after the conquests of Alexander the Great where it interacted with Greek culture and thought. He published several articles and works on the topic and saw the period as a useful model for Judaism in his own day. He also had an unusual interpretation of Paul of Tarsus; Friedländer saw Paul as exemplifying the values of universalism in Diaspora Judaism.
A partial list of his writing includes:
* Patristische und talmudische Studien. Hölder, Vienna 1878.
* Das Judenthum in der vorchristlichen griechischen Welt: ein Beitrag zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Christenthums. M. Breitenstein, Vienna / Leipzig 1897.
* Die religiösen Bewegungen innerhalb des Judentums im Zeitalter Jesu. Reimer, Berlin 1905.
* Synagoge und Kirche in ihren Anfängen. Reimer, Berlin 1908.