OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Selberg sieve

In number theory, the Selberg sieve is a technique for estimating the size of "sifted sets" of positive integers which satisfy a set of conditions which are expressed by congruences. It was developed by Atle Selberg in the 1940s.

## Description

In terms of sieve theory the Selberg sieve is of combinatorial type: that is, derives from a careful use of the inclusion–exclusion principle. Selberg replaced the values of the Möbius function which arise in this by a system of weights which are then optimised to fit the given problem. The result gives an upper bound for the size of the sifted set.
Let $A$ be a set of positive integers $\leq x$ and let $P$ be a set of primes. Let $A_{d}$ denote the set of elements of $A$ divisible by $d$ when $d$ is a product of distinct primes from $P$. Further let $A_{1}$ denote $A$ itself. Let $z$ be a positive real number and $P(z)$ denote the product of the primes in $P$ which are $\leq z$. The object of the sieve is to estimate
    $S(A,P,z)=\left\vert A\setminus \bigcup _{p\mid P(z)}A_{p}\right\vert .$
We assume that |A$_d$| may be estimated by
    $\left\vert A_{d}\right\vert ={\frac {1}{f(d)}}X+R_{d}.$
where f is a multiplicative function and X = |A|. Let the function g be obtained from f by Möbius inversion, that is
    $g(n)=\sum _{d\mid n}\mu (d)f(n/d)$
    $f(n)=\sum _{d\mid n}g(d)$
where μ is the Möbius function.
Put
    $V(z)=\sum _{\begin{smallmatrix}d<z\\d\mid P(z)\end{smallmatrix}}{\frac {1}{g(d)}}.$
Then
    $S(A,P,z)\leq {\frac {X}{V(z)}}+O\left({\sum _{\begin{smallmatrix}d_{1},d_{2}<z\\d_{1},d_{2}\mid P(z)\end{smallmatrix}}\left\vert R_{[d_{1},d_{2}]}\right\vert }\right)$
where $[d_{1},d_{2}]$ denotes the least common multiple of $d_{1}$ and $d_{2}$. It is often useful to estimate $V(z)$ by the bound
    $V(z)\geq \sum _{d\leq z}{\frac {1}{f(d)}}.\,$

## Applications

* The Brun–Titchmarsh theorem on the number of primes in arithmetic progression;
* The number of n ≤ x such that n is coprime to φ(n) is asymptotic to e$^{−γ}$ x / log log log (x) .
# Jarwal

Jarwal is a town and a nagar panchayat in Bahraich district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It has an average elevation of 117 metres (383 feet). This place is 20 km away from historical Lodheshwar Mahadev Mandir located in Mahadeva Ram Nagar, that is well described in old mythological stories.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census of India Jarwal had a population of 19289. Males constitute 52.54% of the population and females 47.46%. Jarwal has an average literacy rate of 49.83%, lower than the state's rate of 67.68%. Male literacy is 55.09%, and female literacy is 43.94%. In Jarwal, 17.53% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Religions in Jarwal :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hindus | Hindus | 20.02% | 20.02% |
| Muslims | Muslims | 79.58% | 79.58% |
| Jains | Jains | 0.7% | 0.7% |
| Others† | Others† | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| Distribution of religions †Includes Sikhs (0.2%), Buddhists (<0.2%). |||||
Jarwal Road railway station is the nearest railway track and it is 9 km from Jarwal Kasba.

## History

The Sayyids of Jarwal, along with those of Kintoor and Zaidpur, were well known Taluqadars (feudal lords) of Awadh province.
The Sayyids of Jarwal were descended from one Abu Talib, who was originally from Iran. During Genghis Khan's invasion, Abu Talib fled with his family, first to Khorasan and then to Lahore. In 1286, his son Aziz ud-Din went to Delhi, and his own son Ala ud-Din eventually settled in Bado Sarai, in Barabanki district. Ala ud-Din had two sons: Jalal ud-Din and Jamal ud-Din. Jalal ud-Din incurred the ire of the Delhi sultan Ghiyath ud-Din Tughluq, who had him executed. Ghiyath ud-Din later tried to make amends to Jamal ud-Din by granting him 25,000 bighas of land, revenue-free, in Barhauli, on the south bank of the Gogra, and another 25,000 in Jarauli on the north bank.
While Jamal ud-Din had no trouble establishing himself in Barhauli, he faced stiff resistance from Raja Chhatarsal, the Bhar ruler of Jarauli, and died without taking control of the fort of Jarauli. His son, Sayyid Zakariyya, finally gained control of the fort in 1340, probably because of military support from Muhammad bin Tughluq, who is known to have been in the Bahraich area during that year.
In 1800 the Jarwal Sayyids, some of them Shi‘is, displaced the Ansari Shaykhs and came to hold 276 out of 365 villages in the parganah, although their holdings thereafter declined rapidly to (a still formidable) 76 villages in 1877. Khateeb-ul-Iman Maulana Syed Muzaffar Husain Rizvi Tahir Jarwali (1932-Dec 1987) a Shia religious leader was one of the prominent Jarwali Sayyid and celebrated preacher of late 20th century (1970s & 80s), he was also General Secretary of All India Shia Conference for some time.
# James Edmondson (builder)

James Edmondson (27 August 1857 – 7 June 1931), known as "the Highbury builder", was an English property developer who was responsible for the creation of the Sotheby Road area in Highbury and the development of several notable shopping parades in suburban north London. With William J. Collins, he was instrumental in the creation of modern Muswell Hill.

## Early life

James Edmondson was born on 27 August 1857 in Clerkenwell, London, to Isaac Edmondson, a carpenter from Penruddock, Cumberland, and Hannah Edmondson of Westmorland. In 1881, the family were living in a sizeable house at 40 Petherton Road, at which time James was probably working in his father's business.

## Career

James at first worked with his father in his building firm. One of their first large projects was a commission with Charles Herbert Shoppe to build a parade of shops at The Broadway in Highbury Park. Their first large solo project was the development of the streets of the Sotheby Road Conservation Area in Highbury. In 1894, trading as the firm of I. Edmondson and Son Limited, they took offices at 8 The Broadway (now 86 Highbury Park). With James in the lead, they developed a formula of residential houses fronted by uniform shopping parades with flats above that they repeated in Crouch End, Muswell Hill, Golders Green, and elsewhere in London. With William J. Collins, James Edmondson was instrumental in the creation of modern Muswell Hill. He retired in 1923 and moved to Bournemouth.

## Personal life

Edmondson married Isabel (or Isabele/Isabelle) Anne (or Annie). His eldest son, Albert James Edmondson, joined the family business in the 1920s and later became a Conservative Party member of Parliament and was ennobled as a Baron Sandford in 1945. Their other children were Percival H., Elsee M. and Cyril A. James Edmondson was active in congregationalist circles and worshiped at the Congregational Church in Highbury Quadrant. He was a donor to other non-conformist churches and established the Dudley Lawn Tennis Club. His home was "North Holme" at 12 Aberdeen Terrace (now 52 Aberdeen Road), Highbury.

## Death and legacy

Edmondson died at 29 Wimpole Street, London, on 7 June 1931, leaving a widow, Isabel Anne Edmondson, and an estate of £248,170. In 2013, a plaque was placed on his former offices at Highbury Park by members of the Sotheby Road Conservation Society for the London Borough of Islington.

## Selected developments

* Crouch End Hippodrome, Topsfield Parade.
* Shopping parades in Golders Green.
* Shopping parades in Muswell Hill.
* Sotheby Road area, Highbury.
* Topsfield Parade, Tottenham Lane, Crouch End.
# Old Randfontein mine

The Old Randfontein mine is a large mine located in the northern part of South Africa in Gauteng. Old Randfontein represents one of the largest uranium reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 247.2 million tonnes of ore grading 0.025% uranium.
# Mavropigi

Mavropigi (Greek: Μαυροπηγή) is a village located 11 km southeast of Ptolemaida, in Kozani regional unit, within the Greek region of Macedonia. It is situated at an altitude of 740 meters above sea level. At the 2021 census, it had no permanent population.
Archaeologists recently discovered an intact tomb dating to the first century BC in the area of Mavropigi in West Macedonia's Kozani region.
The major discovery was made public by a statement issued recently by Kozani's Ephorate of Antiquities.
“During the ongoing excavations of the Ephorate of Antiquities of Kozani in the Mavropigi lignite mine, within the partially demolished modern settlement of Mavropigi, and specifically under the foundation of a house, important grave goods were discovered, dating to the end of the 1st century BC,” the statement notes.
The excavation will continue, but the Ephorate noted in its statement that the bronze funeral bier, found under the skeletal remains of the buried person, is unique, at least for Northern Greece. As a completely intact object, it represents a unique discovery for the whole of Greece, according to published archaeological data.
The broader region of Western Macedonia is covered in archaeological sites of great historical interest, and many excavations are currently underway to unearth even more significant discoveries, from many different eras of Greek history.
# Poisson d'or

Poisson d'or (French for "fish of gold" or "the golden fish", and not "Goldfish") may refer to:
* "Le Poisson doré", an 1866 ballet by Ludwig Minkus
* "Poissons d'or", a 1907 solo piano composition by Claude Debussy
* Poisson d'or (novel), a 1997 novel by J. M. G. Le Clézio
# Tyrosemiophilia

Tyrosemiophilia is the hobby of collecting cheese labels. As of May 2019, the world's largest collection encompasses 250,655 label designs.
# Indian Trail Road–Belle River Bridge

The Indian Trail Road–Belle River Bridge, also known as the Radike Mills Bridge, is a historic bridge that was originally constructed on Indian Trail Road, spanning the Belle River in China Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The bridge has been moved, and now is located at Purdue University's Steel Bridge Research, Inspection, Training and Engineering Center on South Sharon Chapel Road in West Lafayette, Indiana.

## History

During the Great Depression, the St. Clair County Road Commission aggressively sought federal funds for road and bridge work, in large part to provide work for local citizens. In 1935, the St. Clair County Road Commission applied for a grant from the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works to construct a bridge in this location. The grant was approved in late 1936, and included additional funds for a second bridge nearby. The county opened bidding for the bridge at the end of October, and hired the Detroit firm of Couse and Sanders to construct the bridge at a cost of $33,200.78. The bridge was completed in July 1937.
In 2008, the bridge was removed from its original location and replaced with a modern bridge. The original 1937 bridge was shipped to the Calhoun County Historic Bridge Park, where it resided until 2015. In 2015, it was delivered to Purdue's Steel Bridge Research, Inspection, Training and Engineering Center (S-BRITE), where it has been incorporated into their Bridge Component Gallery.

## Description

The bridge is a six-panel Warren pony truss bridge with riveted connections measuring 91 feet long. The original installation spanned 88 feet. The main structure consists of an upper chords made of back-to-back channels, lower chords and diagonals made of pairs of angles, and I-beam verticals. The floor is supported with an I-beam. A railing was in place on each side, along with a modern metal guardrail.
# Pahala Kencana

PT. Pahala Kencana (established in Kudus, Central Java, 1976) is a transportation service company based in North Jakarta, Indonesia.

## History

Pahala Kencana started its business in 1976 serving from Jakarta to Kudus and Solo – Jakarta, vice versa. The dynamic situation of the business movement spurred Pahala Kencana to continue to expand its marketing operations area to reach several large and small cities in Sumatra, Java, Madura, Bali, and Lombok. In 1993, the Pahala Kencana Depository Services business was developed, which initially only served available operating destinations, relying on remaining luggage space, with a few smaller vehicles as modes for the "last mile" delivery. In the same year, PT BPW Pahala Kencana Travel Bureau which later became better known as Pahala Tours & Travel was established. In 1997, PK operated a number of city buses in Jakarta, and in 1998 Pahala Kencana resumed business by opening inter-city routes within the province (AKDP).
In 2000, PT Pahala Kencana began to expand into the field of tourism transportation which included the provision of tourism buses and rental vehicles under the Nirwana Luxury Tourist Bus brand. In the same year, Pahala Kencana moved its headquarters from Kudus, Central Java to Jakarta. Then in 2005, PT Pahala Kencana developed an airplane ticket sales business that concentrated on selling airline tickets at low rates by establishing PT Nata Tours.

## Intercity Services

Pahala Kencana operates Intercity bus routes.

### Routes

Pahala Kencana currently serves more than 93 cities in Java, Bali, Sumatra with the frequency of the main route commuting 86 times. Some routes include:
* Jakarta – Sumenep
* Jakarta – Ponorogo
* Jakarta – Wonogiri
* Jakarta – Yogyakarta
* Jakarta – Banyuwangi
* Jakarta – Palembang
* Jakarta – Wonosobo
* Bandung – Bandarlampung
* Bandung – Denpasar
* Bandung – Palembang
* Bandung – Solo
* Bandung – Surabaya
* Bandung – Blitar
* Palembang – Solo
* Semarang – Denpasar
* Malang – Denpasar
* Surabaya – Jakarta
* Denpasar – Sumenep
* Denpasar – Yogyakarta
Nb: All routes are operated vice versa

### Class

* Executive
The executive class has comfortable chair facilities with spacious rooms, audio-visual equipment, toilets, meals and snacks
* VIP
VIP class has comfortable chair facilities, audio-visual equipment, toilets, meals and snacks
* Business
Business class has comfortable chair facilities with wide spaces, audio-visual equipment, toilets

## City Bus Services

In January 2018, Pahala Kencana started to operate buses for TransJakarta. Pahala Kencana currently operates 15 Mercedes-Benz buses bodied by Laksana carroseries with the Cityline 2 body, as most for TransJakarta buses.

## Fleet

* Hino
* Mercedes-Benz
# Second Kohl cabinet (Rhineland-Palatinate)

The Second Kohl cabinet was the state government of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate from 19 May 1971 until 20 May 1975. The Cabinet was headed by Minister President Helmut Kohl and was formed by the Christian Democratic Union. On 19 May 1971 Kohl was elected and sworn in as Minister President by the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate. It was succeeded by Kohl's third and last cabinet.

## Composition

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Minister President | Helmut Kohl | 19 May 1971 | 20 May 1975 | CDU |
| Deputy Minister President Agriculture, viticulture and environmental protection | Otto Meyer | 19 May 1971 | 20 May 1975 | CDU |
| Minister of the Interior | Heinz Schwarz | 19 May 1971 | 20 May 1975 | CDU |
| Minister of Justice | Otto Theisen | 19 May 1971 | 20 May 1975 | CDU |
| Minister of Finance | Johann Wilhelm Gaddum | 19 May 1971 | 20 May 1975 | CDU |
| Minister of Culture | Bernhard Vogel | 19 May 1971 | 20 May 1975 | CDU |
| Minister of Economy and Transport | Heinrich Holkenbrink | 19 May 1971 | 20 May 1975 | CDU |
| Minister of Social Affairs, Health and Sports | Heiner Geißler | 19 May 1971 | 20 May 1975 | CDU |
# Jean-Baptiste-Ange Tissier

Jean-Baptiste-Ange Tissier (6 March 1814, in Paris – 4 April 1876, in Nice) was a French painter in the Romantic style. He was primarily a portraitist and was an official artist of the Second Empire.

## Biography

His parents were originally from Soissons. He began his education there, then continued at the Minor Seminary in Laon. In 1835, he worked in the studios of Ary Scheffer and Paul Delaroche while taking classes at the École des Beaux-arts.
He exhibited several portraits at the Salon in 1838 and continued to have showings there on a regular basis throughout his life. Many of his works were purchased by the government. They received awards in 1845 (Third Class Medal), 1847 and 1848 (Second Class Medal), 1855 (Third Class) and 1861 (Second Class). In 1852, along with Charles Landelle and Jean Gigoux, he decorated the waiting rooms for the "Court of Auditors" and the "Council of State" at Orsay Palace (now the Musée d'Orsay).
In 1861, in addition to the portraits, he presented one of his best known works; a depiction of Napoleon III greeting Emir Abdelkader at the Château d'Amboise (now displayed at Versailles). In 1866, he once again presented a scene with Napoleon III, this time approving plans for the Louvre submitted by Louis Visconti (also now at Versailles). In 1867, he was decorated with the Legion of Honor.
He also served as an art teacher. Under the Second Empire, most of his students were women, notably the Scandinavians Amalia Lindegren, Kerstin von Post [sv] and Marie Aarestrup; the American Elizabeth Jane Gardner and the Peruvian Rebeca Oquendo [es]. Inexplicably, none of his French students, male or female, are now remembered.
# James Eyre (British Army officer)

Major General Sir James Ainsworth Campden Gabriel Eyre, KCVO, CBE (2 November 1930 – 3 January 2003) was a senior British Army officer, who served as Major-General Commanding the Household Division and General Officer Commanding London District from 1983 until his retirement in 1986.

## Military career

Educated privately in the United States and at Harvard University, Eyre was commissioned into the Royal Horse Guards in 1955. He served in Cyprus and was mentioned in despatches for his role as an intelligence officer during the EOKA disturbances. He was appointed commanding officer of the Blues and Royals (RHG/D) in 1970. After serving as a General Staff Officer in London District from 1973 to 1975, he became commanding officer of the Household Cavalry Regiment and Silver Stick to Queen Elizabeth II.
In 1978, Eyre was posted to HQ Northern Ireland during The Troubles as a Senior Intelligence Officer, and sought to improve relations between the Royal Irish Constabulary and the British Army. In 1980 he was made Secretary to the Chiefs of Staff Committee at the Ministry of Defence, serving in that capacity there during the Falklands War, and in 1982 he became Director of Defence Programmes there. He was appointed Major-General commanding the Household Division and General Officer Commanding London District in 1983 and retired in 1986.
In retirement Eyre became a headhunter with Westminster Associates International.

## Family

In 1967 Eyre married Monica Smyth. They had a son and a daughter.
# The Beauty in Ugly

"The Beauty in Ugly" is a song recorded by Jason Mraz in support of the "Be Ugly '07" campaign that was created for the television show Ugly Betty. The music video was made to promote the show and the campaign. Mraz also did a Spanish version called "La Nueva Belleza".

## Track listing

Digital download
* "The Beauty in Ugly" – 2:30

## Music video

The video starts with Jason Mraz singing with his guitar in a vacant office level while showing different shots of the television show Ugly Betty. The video then progresses to show "normal" people auditioning to be a model. Also seen is writing on the screen telling the audience what needs to be "fixed" with their image and style. The video then continues to show clips from the show and Mraz singing in the vacant office level. Toward the end of the video we get to see the before and after pictures of the people auditioning to be a model, until the people revert to what they really look like. The video continues to show the clips of the show and Mraz singing until the video fades to black.

## Charts

Chart performance for "The Beauty in Ugly" :
| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| Australia Digital Tracks (ARIA) | 22 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 15 |
# Oklahoma Justice

Oklahoma Justice is a 1951 American Western film directed by Lewis D. Collins and starring Johnny Mack Brown, James Ellison and Lane Bradford. It was distributed as a second feature by Monogram Pictures. The film's sets were designed by the art director Dave Milton.

## Cast

* Johnny Mack Brown as Johnny Mack Brown
* James Ellison as Clancy
* Lane Bradford as Henchman Deuce Logan
* Phyllis Coates as Goldie Vaughn
* I. Stanford Jolley as Sam Fleming
* Marshall Reed as Blackie Martin
* Barbara Woodell as Ma Posey
* Zon Murray as Henchnan Tad
* Richard Avonde as Henchman Hartley
* Stanley Price as bartender
* Kenne Duncan as Sheriff Barnes
# Matthew Ryan (Australian rules footballer)

Matthew Ryan (born 2 June 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood, the Sydney Swans and the Brisbane Bears in the Victorian/Australian Football League (AFL).
Ryan, who was originally from Eltham, played just five games in his first two seasons but then had his best year in 1987. A rover, he amassed a club high 478 disposals, at just under 24 a game and was Collingwood's second best goal-kicker behind Brian Taylor with 28 goals. He also finished runner-up in the Copeland Trophy and was his club's best performer at the Brownlow Medal, securing nine votes. The following season he was again a regular fixture in the team, playing 18 games, including a semi final.
Collingwood traded Ryan to the Sydney Swans at the end of the 1989 season, in return for draft picks 22 and 82, which were used on Mathew Hanrahan and Troy Lehmann. His Sydney debut in 1990 was against his former club and he performed well with 25 disposals and three goals. After just one year in Sydney he again changed clubs, this time to the Brisbane Bears through the pre-season draft. He also averaged 21 disposals a game in 1991 but struggled to hold a place in the side the next year.
# Polly (peanut)

Polly is a series of peanut-based snacks made by KiMs Norge, a subsidiary of the Orkla Group, sold through Orkla Confectionery & Snacks. In addition to the traditional peanut products, other products include cashewnuts, in addition to a number of mixed products including various nuts and raisins. Originally Polly AS was a Skien-based company that eventually was bought by Sætre. In 1991 the Sætre corporation was bought by Orkla and two years later the production was moved to the KiMs plant at Skreia.
# UFO Magazine (UK)

UFO Magazine was a British magazine devoted to the subject of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and extraterrestrial life. It was founded in 1981 by brothers Graham Birdsall and Mark Birdsall of Leeds, Yorkshire. The magazine was one of the success stories of ufology, with an international reputation for quality and a peak circulation of 35,000.
Graham Birdsall died from a brain haemorrhage on 19 September 2003. He left behind his wife Christine, daughters Helen and Louise, granddaughter Katy, brother Mark and son-in-law Russel. The editor's job was taken over for a few months by Graham's son-in-law Russel Callaghan, but UFO Magazine eventually ceased publication in March 2004.
The void left by UFO Magazine has been filled to some extent by the newly produced UFO Data magazine referred to as the 'UFO Data Report' and Gary Heseltine's UFO Monthly Magazine.
# Pahalawela

Pahalawela is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Seekopf

Seekopf (German, 'lake head' or 'lake peak') may refer to :

## Mountains
### Austria

* Seekopf (Allgäu Alps), a mountain of the Allgäu Alps, Vorarlberg
* Vorderer Seekopf, a peak in the Venediger Group in the Central Eastern Alps
* Wolayer Seekopf, a summit in the Carnic and Gailtal Alps

### Germany

* Seekopf (Forbach), in the Northern Black Forest northeast of the Hornisgrinde, Baden-Württemberg
* Seekopf (Seebach), in the Northern Black Forest southeast of the Hornisgrinde, Baden-Württemberg
* Großer Seekopf, in the Daumen Group the Allgäu Alps, Bavaria
* Kleiner Seekopf, in the Daumen Group the Allgäu Alps, Bavaria

### Antarctica

* Mount Seekopf, in the Gruber Mountains