OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Im Null

Im Null (stylized Im null) is a 2014 video game by Austin-based independent developer Zak Ayles. Described as a "virtual horror art gallery", Im null is an experimental multiplayer game in which players explore wireframe environments. Im null received praise from critics for its experimental gameplay and themes of isolation and connection. After a period of incompatibility of Unity Web Player games on modern web browsers, Ayles restored the game on his personal website in August 2022 with the help of Ryder Cutler.

## Gameplay

The game is a multiplayer game, although the involvement of other players is passive, represented by vertical lines, and there is no direct form of interaction or communication between players. Players input a string of numbers at the start of the game, which is the only way they are identifiable to other players. The game is open-ended, without any goals or direction, and consists of exploration through the stark environments in the game. The game also features NULL, a wireframe head described as a ghost in the machine that occasionally appears in the game and seems to move autonomously, such as mimicking the player's movement and chasing them, and has the capacity to "ban" players from the game if caught by removing them from the instance.

## Reception

Im null received praise from several critics. Writing for Kill Screen, Chris Priestman described the game as about "experiencing alienation", manifested by "feeling lost in its world...it's difficult to make sense of any it, both individually and as a whole, and that seems to be the point; to feel uncomfortable and unsure." Priestman praised the game's novel approach to multiplayer mechanics, praising the ambiguity of whether NULL is controlled by the developer or an AI as "performance art" and revealing an "aching detachment and a lust for rebellion." consistent with Ayles' other works. In a follow-up review, Priestman continued to praise the game's experience as a "virtual world about alienation" and "eerie realm of nothingness." Similarly, writing for Arcade Review, Heather Alexandra praised the game in its journey for "meaning found during the player's isolation" within the "massive expanses of space" in the game, stating the game "existential examination to prompt reflection in the player, themselves just another object in the void," and discussed the tensions inherent in a multiplayer game focused on isolation. James Renovitch of The Austin Chronicle praised the game's world for its "quiet" nature, its "darkness" and "stark landscape features." Alice O'Connor for Rock Paper Shotgun stated the game was "a weird little cyberworld to explore" and the experience formed "a pleasant few minutes of exploring and gawping."
# List of ambassadors of Turkey to Georgia

The ambassador of Turkey to Georgia is the official representative of the president and the government of the Republic of Turkey to the president and government of the neighbouring country Georgia.

## List of ambassadors

| Ambassador | Term Start | Term End |
| Timoçin Arbak | 13 July 1992 | 23 November 1992 |
| Ahmet Rıza Demirer | 1 September 1993 | 1 April 1994 |
| Ufuk Tevfik Okyayuz | 1 April 1994 | 27 March 1998 |
| Burak Gürsel | 30 March 1998 | 14 June 2002 |
| Dicle Kopuz | 15 June 2002 | 18 November 2004 |
| Ertan Tezgör | 29 November 2004 | 16 October 2009 |
| Levent Murat Burhan | 30 September 2009 | 17 November 2013 |
| Zeki Levent Gümrükçü | 30 January 2014 | 30 November 2017 |
| Fatma Ceren Yazgan | 16 April 2018 | 1 July 2022 |
| Ali Kaan Orbay | 1 July 2022 | Present |
# Venezuela during World War I

During World War I, Venezuela maintained a position of neutrality in the four years of the conflict during the dictatorship of Juan Vicente Gómez. For its position, his government was pressured and threatened by the conflict belligerants, and Gómez was accused of having pro-German sympathies. Gómez used the position of Victorino Márquez Bustillos as provisional president, in practice a "prime minister", to refuse to discuss changing his stance.
Despite the neutrality of gomecismo during the conflict, there were Venezuelans that fought in World War I. While the majority of them served in the French Foreign Legion, there were exceptions that enlisted in the Ottoman or German armies. Several of them were condecorated for their service.
After the surrender of the German Empire, the Caracas population celebrated in the streets the end of war on 15 November 1918. University students, journalists and writers participated in the demonstrations, which passed in front of the headquarters of the legations of France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Italy and the United States and headed to Bolívar Square. Although the prefect of Caracas assured Vicente Gómez that the demonstrators consisted only of "boys, men of the people, drivers", among others, the demonstration was dissolved by the police and its leaders were arrested by order of Juan Vicente Gómez. The same month the student and dissident Gustavo Machado leads a demonstration in favor of Belgium that sought to condemn the pro-German attitude assumed by Juan Vicente Gómez.
# Mikhail Kerzelli

Mikhail Franzevich Kerzelli (c. 1740 [or 1750, or 1755] – December 1818) was a pianist, violinist, teacher and composer of string quartets, violin duets, orchestral and liturgical compositions.
Kerzelli was born at Vienna. There are some operas attributed to him:
* Derevensky prazdnik ili Uvenchannaja dobrodetel (Деревенский праздник, или Увенчанная добродетель – The Village Feast or Crowned Virtue, opera in 3 acts, text by Vasily Maikov, 1777 Moscow)
* Finiks (Финикс – Phoenix, text by Nikolai Nikolev), opera in 3 acts (1779 Moscow)
* Arkas i Irisa (Аркас и Ириса – Arkas and Irisa, text by Vasily Maikov), one-act opera, c. 1780, Moscow)
* Plenira i Zelim (Пленира и Зелим – Plenira and Zelim, opera in 3 acts (1789 Moscow) (probably belongs to Ivan Kerzelli)
He died in Moscow.
# List of ambassadors of Turkey to Israel

The ambassador of Turkey to Israel is the official envoy in Tel Aviv who represents the Republic of Turkey and is accredited to the State of Israel as the resident representative of the government of Turkey.
Turkey currently has no ambassador in Israel.

## List of ambassadors

| Ambassador | Term Start | Term End |
| Gündoğdu Üstün | 1 January 1980 | 30 November 1980 |
| Ekrem Güvendiren | 21 January 1992 | 1 May 1992 |
| Onur Gökçe | 1 May 1992 | 31 May 1995 |
| M. Barlas Özener | 1 June 1995 | 31 July 1999 |
| Ahmet Üzümcü | 1 August 1999 | 30 June 2002 |
| Feridun H. Sinirlioğlu | 30 June 2002 | 7 January 2007 |
| Namık Tan | 21 January 2007 | 30 September 2009 |
| A. Oğuz Çelikkol | 22 October 2009 | 16 November 2010 |
| Doğan Ferhat Işık | 4 February 2014 | 17 August 2015 |
| Cem Utkan | 1 September 2015 | 9 December 2016 |
| Mekin Mustafa Kemal Ökem | 10 December 2016 | 16 April 2021 |
# MassMatrix

MassMatrix is a mass spectrometry data analysis software that uses a statistical model to achieve increased mass accuracy over other database search algorithms. This search engine is set apart from others dues to its ability to provide extremely efficient judgement between true and false positives for high mass accuracy data that has been obtained from present day mass spectrometer instruments. It is useful for identifying disulphide bonds in tandem mass spectrometry data. This search engine is set apart from others due to its ability to provide extremely efficient judgement between true and false positives for high mass accuracy data that has been obtained from present day mass spectrometer instruments.
# Wordtank G50

The Wordtank G50 was the flagship model of the Wordtank line of Electronic Japanese dictionary by Canon before it was replaced by the Wordtank G55, which was again superseded in capability by the later G70 (though not replaced – it is still available as a cheaper alternative to the G70). It was introduced in May 2004.

## Features

The Wordtank G50 is a bidirectional electronic dictionary, integrating both Japanese-English (97,000 entries) and English-Japanese (270,000 entries) dictionaries. It also contains a standard Japanese dictionary (230,000 entries) and an abridged version of the Oxford English Dictionary (80,000 entries). In addition, there is a kanji dictionary (13,112 entries), with several thousand of the kanji having stroke order animations available. The G50 was the first electronic dictionary to feature stroke order animations, making it useful to students of the Japanese language who are learning kanji. The G50 also includes a katakana dictionary (52,000 entries), a Japanese reverse dictionary (230,000 entries), and an illustration dictionary (2,600 entries).
Although the G50's feature set, particularly its variety of dictionaries, is extensive, it lacks stylus input (which, on some models, allows kanji to be looked up by drawing them) and sound output (for pronunciation), which are available on some competing models. It also lacks any furigana help for kanji, this mean that if you want to translate a word from English to Japanese you will only get the translation in Chinese characters. No translation with Hiragana is extremely unhelpful for non-Japanese.

## Use

Although Canon only sells and supports its electronic dictionaries in Japan, the G50 has been exported (primarily by Japanese retailers) and sold to English-speaking students of the Japanese language around the world. The appeal of the G50 is that it can replace large paper volumes, including bidirectional dictionaries and kanji dictionaries, with a portable device, while also making the search process faster.
* Canon Wordtank Official Page (in Japanese)
* A comparison review of the Wordtank G50
# Global Mall Linkou A9

Global Mall Linkou A9 (Chinese: 環球購物中心林口A9) is a shopping mall in Linkou District, New Taipei, Taiwan that opened on May 25, 2017. With a total floor area of 4,950 m$^2$ (53,300 sq ft), the mall is located inside Linkou metro station. It is the eighth store of Global Mall.
# Cynometra cubensis

Cynometra cubensis is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Cuba. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# The Journal of Social Studies Research

The Journal of Social Studies Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering social studies. It is the official publication of The International Society for the Social Studies. The editor-in-chief is William B. Russell III of the University of Central Florida.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* EBSCO databases
* ERIC
* ProQuest databases
* Scopus
# Five-ball

Five-ball, fiveball, 5-ball, or 5 ball may refer to:
* 5 ball, the pool ball numbered "5" and colored orange
* 5 ball, the blue snooker ball, worth 5 points, normally referred to as "the blue"
* 5-ball, a five-dimensional n-ball in mathematics
# Immanuel Lutheran Church

Immanuel Church or Immanuel Lutheran Church, Immanuel Evangelical Church, or Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church may refer to:

## in the United States (by state)

* Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church (Boise, Idaho)
* Immanuel Hall, Hinsdale, Illinois, formerly known as Immanuel Evangelical Church
* Immanuel Lutheran Church (Valparaiso, Indiana)
* Immanuel Lutheran Church (Red Wing, Minnesota)
* Immanuel Lutheran Church (Altenburg, Missouri)
* Immanuel Lutheran Church (Perryville, Missouri)
* Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church (Pilot Knob, Missouri)
* Immanuel Lutheran Church (Springer, New Mexico), listed on the National Register of Historic Places
* Immanuel Lutheran Church (Murdo, South Dakota)
* Immanuel Lutheran Church (Zeona, South Dakota)
* Immanuel Church (La Grange, Tennessee)
* Immanuel Lutheran Church (Houston, Texas)
* Immanuel Lutheran Church (Seattle, Washington)
# Immanuel Lutheran Church (Altenburg, Missouri)

Immanuel Lutheran Church in Altenburg, Missouri, is a congregation of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS).

## History
### Schism

Immanuel Lutheran Church was founded by members of Trinity Lutheran Church in Altenburg as the result of a dispute concerning chiliasm (German chiliastenstreit) that had begun in 1856.
Georg Albert Schieferdecker (1815-1891) became pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church in 1850 following the death of Pastor Loeber. The beginning of the dispute arose in the spring of 1856 when the Western District of the LCMS held its sessions in Altenburg. After two days of discussion concerning questions over the future and universal conversion of Israel and the so-called thousand-year reign—a dispute surrounding the interpretation of Revelation 20—the district passed resolutions rejecting and condemning all forms of chiliasm. Two members of the district along with a deputy declared they were not in agreement with these resolutions. One of these members was Pastor Gruber, who was the oldest minister of the synod at that time; the other was Schieferdecker, who was also the district president.
The incident affected the congregation in Altenburg, which then numbered almost 100 members. Shortly after the resolution had been passed, parties rose up for and against the verdict. Pastor Röbbelen was against chiliasm and his declarations found approval with many members of the Altenburg congregation. Over the next year the debate led to division within the congregation. At the convention of the LCMS in 1857 in Fort Wayne, Indiana, charges of heresy were levied against Schieferdecker. The charges led to even deeper division and the subsequent resignation of Schieferdecker. The synod declared that any member of the congregation who did not agree with the resolutions of the Synod was forthwith expelled from the Synod and the congregation, and were deemed followers of a heretic. Approximately one-third of the members ignored the synodical decision and followed their former pastor out of the church.

### New congregation

The next day, on November 2, 1857, a new church was incorporated under the name "Immanuel Congregation". The congregation joined the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Iowa, which later merged into the American Lutheran Church.
At first, church services were held in people's houses, but construction of a blockhouse to serve as a temporary church was begun. It was dedicated seven weeks later at the first service celebrating Christmas. Work was begun in early 1858 on a larger stone church, which was dedicated on the Second Sunday of Advent, 1858.
The schism that led to the division and creation of a new congregation in Altenburg was also felt in New Wells, Missouri. There, the congregation also separated into two opposing groups.
Immanuel rejoined the LCMS in 1988. Worship services are no longer conducted in German, but at Christmas Eve services the congregation still sings "Silent Night" in German before singing it in English.

## Gallery

* Church interior
* Altar
# Thomas Duffield

Thomas Duffield (October 1782 – 15 March 1854) was a Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1832 to 1844.
Duffield was born at Ancaster in Lincolnshire, the youngest son of Michael Duffield and his wife, Alice Duffield, younger daughter of Jeremiah Crutchley Senior of Southwark in Surrey (now Greater London) and sister of Jeremiah Crutchley Junior of Sunninghill Park in Berkshire. (Duffield's older brother George inherited Sunninghill Park on the death of Jeremiah Crutchley Junior in December 1805, and changed his name to Crutchley.)
Thomas Duffield was elected Member of Parliament for Abingdon under the reformed parliament at the 1832 general election. He held the seat until 1844.
Duffield eloped with Amelia ('Emily') Maria Frances Elwes, daughter and sole heiress of George Elwes Esq of Marcham Park at Marcham in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) and granddaughter of the notoriously miserly John Elwes, MP for Berkshire. They had three sons and five daughters together. They inherited Marcham and extended the estate by the purchase of Upwood. Emily died in 1835 and Duffield married a second time to Augusta Elizabeth, 2nd daughter of Lieut-Col Robert Rushbrooke of Rushbrooke Park in Suffolk. They had two sons and three daughters.
Duffield died in Wallingford in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), at the age of 61, on 15 March 1854.
# Velký Vřešťov

Velký Vřešťov is a market town in Trutnov District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

## Geography

Velký Vřešťov is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Hradec Králové. It lies mostly in the Jičín Uplands, but the eastern part of the municipal territory extends into the East Elbe Table. The highest point is at 458 m (1,503 ft) above sea level. The Trotina Stream flows through the market town.

## History

The first written mention of Velký Vřešťov is from 1348.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 581 | — |
| 1880 | 594 | +2.2% |
| 1890 | 553 | −6.9% |
| 1900 | 564 | +2.0% |
| 1910 | 490 | −13.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 469 | −4.3% |
| 1930 | 450 | −4.1% |
| 1950 | 308 | −31.6% |
| 1961 | 278 | −9.7% |
| 1970 | 216 | −22.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 205 | −5.1% |
| 1991 | 195 | −4.9% |
| 2001 | 197 | +1.0% |
| 2011 | 218 | +10.7% |
| 2021 | 254 | +16.5% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark of Velký Vřešťov is the Church of All Saints. Originally a Gothic church, it was rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1723, after it was damaged by the 1720 fire.
# Venables-Vernon

Venables-Vernon is a surname:
* George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon (1709–1780), British politician
* George Venables-Vernon, 2nd Baron Vernon (1735–1813), British politician
* George John Venables-Vernon, 5th Baron Vernon (1803–1866)
# Vegetative phase change

Vegetative phase change is the juvenile-to-adult transition in plants. This transition is distinct from the reproductive transition and is most prolonged and pronounced in woody species. Manipulating phase change may be an important avenue for plant improvement.
In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, vegetative phase change is relatively subtle: leaves become more curled, with an increased number of abaxial trichomes, and increased serration. Studies in A. thaliana and maize identified microRNA MIR156 genes as master regulators of phase change, through their regulation of SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER-BINDING-LIKE (SBP/SPL) transcription factors. This gene regulatory circuit appears to be conserved (with variations) in all land plants, including mosses.
# Verguleasa

Verguleasa is a commune in Olt County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Căzănești, Cucueți, Dumitrești, Poganu, Valea Fetei, Vânești and Verguleasa.
# Vergunni

The Vergunni were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the valley of the Riou, near the Verdon river, during the Iron Age.

## Name

They are mentioned as Vergunni by Pliny (1st c. AD) and on an inscription.
The meaning of the name remains obscure. It could be derived from the Gaulish stem uergo- (cf. Gaul. uergo-bretus 'magistrate', OBret. guerg 'efficax', Welsh gwery 'active', OIr. ferg 'anger').
The village of Vergons, attested as villa Virgonis in 814, is probably named after the Gallic tribe.

## Geography

The Vergunni lived in a small piece of land situated in the valley of the Riou, a stream tributary of the Verdon river. Their territory was located north of the Suetrii, east of the Sentii, south of the Eguiturii and Nemeturii, and west of the Ecdinii, Vesubiani and Nerusii.

## History

They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium.
# Veritas School

Veritas School may refer to:
* Veritas School (Ridgeland, Mississippi)
* Veritas School (Newberg, Oregon)
# Vernole

Vernole (Salentino: Ernule) is a town and comune in the Italian province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy.
The commune includes the village of Acaya, a fortified village with a castle.
# Vernois-sur-Mance

Vernois-sur-Mance (French pronunciation:, literally Vernois on Mance) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Veronica montana

Veronica montana or wood speedwell is a perennial species of flowering plant from the genus Veronica. It also belongs to the family Plantaginaceae.

## Description

Veronica montana is a perennial plant growing up to 20 cm in height. It has a sprawling growth habitat, which helps it spread across the forest floor. The plants stems are covered in tiny, soft glandular hairs. Stems can produce roots when contact with damp soil is made. The leaves are ovate, toothed and are also covered in hairs. They appear in symmetrical pairs along the plants stem. The plant hosts multiple lilac coloured flowers from late spring to early summer. Flowers are rather small at around 7mm across.
Photographic examples can be seen on iNaturalist.
Similar species include Veronica chamaedrys (whose leaves are duller, hairier, narrower and commonly almost unstalked, with hairs usually focussed in two lines on the stems) and Veronica persica (whose flowers are solitary and emerge from the stem with the leaf stalks)

## Distribution

The species native range is from Europe to Western Transcaucasus, Northwestern Africa.
The following ranges are indicated: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baltic states, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corsica, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, North Caucasus, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sicily, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, South Caucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia.

## Habitat

Wood speedwell is commonly associated with long-established, damp deciduous woodland, where it is generally found in lowland habitats. V. montana is also known to inhabit areas with neutral to mildly acidic soils.
Another habitat it can be found is within shaded hedgerows where it can also find its way into gardens.
This species can grow within a wide range of substrates from loam, heavy clay and sandy soils.
# Veronica lyallii

Veronica lyallii is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae, native to New Zealand. Under its synonym Parahebe lyallii, its cultivar 'Julie-Anne' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Verghereto

Verghereto (Romagnol: Vargaréd; Tuscan: Vergareto (rare)) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Forlì.
The main parish church is San Michele Arcangelo, Verghereto.

## Twin towns

Verghereto is twinned with the following towns:
* Source-Seine, France, since 2002. Verghereto was originally a twin town of Saint-Germain-Source-Seine prior to the commune's fusion with Blessey on 1 January 2009 to form Source-Seine, when Verghereto became a twin town of Source-Seine. The commune of Saint-Germain-Source-Seine and the commune of Verghereto signed a friendship charter in 2001 and a sister town agreement in 2002. As the source of the Tiber is located in Verghereto and the source of the Seine is located in Source-Seine, the partnership is therefore between two communes which contain the sources of rivers that traverse European capital cities.
* Melissano, Italy, since 2007