OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valentin Gapontsev

Valentin P. Gapontsev (23 February 1939 – 22 October 2021) was a Russian-American laser physicist, billionaire, and the founder, CEO, and chairman of IPG Photonics. At the time of his death, his net worth was estimated at US$2.3 billion.

## Early life

Valentin Gapontsev was born in Moscow, the son of an artillery captain. The family moved to Lviv in 1946, and he spent the next 20 years there. Graduating from the Lviv Polytechnic National University in 1961, he completed a doctoral program in the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

## Career

After completing his doctorate, he joined the Soviet Academy of Sciences Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics in 1967, where he specialized in laser material physics, researching synthesis of active gain medium materials.
In 1990, Gapontsev founded IPG Photonics at age 51. In a small laboratory near Moscow, he and his team invented a way to make fiber laser technology practical. His first contract was a $750,000 sale to Italtel, fulfilled by establishing IPG Laser GmbH factory in Burbach, which was employing 500 workers in 2011.
In mid-1990s, he expanded his business into the US by partnering with Dallas-based RELTEC Communications to produce 10,000 optical amplifiers for new BellSouth fiber network, which was being built to connect 5 millions of US households to Internet. IPG Photonics was incorporated in the US in 1998. After moving his firm to the US, he raised $100 million investment from Merrill Lynch and Apax Partners. IPG specializes in production of telecommunications and industrial high-power lasers. According to Forbes, Gapontsev's firm controlled 80% of the high-power fiber laser market in 2011. Its revenue reached $1.4 billion in 2017. Gapontsev and his family own 47.6% of IPG.
In 2011, Gapontsev received the Russian Federation National Award in Science and Technology.
In 2019, Gapontsev was erroneously sanctioned as a "Russian oligarch". The decision was later reversed by the US Treasury.
In 2020, Forbes ranked him No. 359 on the Forbes 400 of the richest people in America.

## Personal life

He was married, with one child, and lived in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Gapontsev died on 22 October 2021. The cause of death is unknown, but it is known that he had cancer. The official corporate memorial encourages donations to local surgical oncology and liver and pancreas research funds.
# Fred Leist

Frederick William Leist (21 August 1873, Sydney – 18 February 1945, Mosman) was an Australian artist. During the First World War, he was an official war artist with Australian forces in Europe.

## Biography

His father, Edward, was a builder; originally from London. He began as a furniture designer for David Jones Limited, but decided on a career in art: studying at Sydney Technical College before entering the Julian Ashton Art School, where he studied directly under Julian Ashton, from whom he learned plein air techniques.
In the 1890s, he began working as a black-and-white artist for The Bulletin and became staff artist for The Sydney Mail. After 1900, he was also the Sydney representative for The Graphic magazine of London. Leist's illustrations also were included in books such as the 1902 Commonwealth Annual. He was one of the original members of the Society of Artists.
In 1907, he and his wife Ada went to London, so he could work directly with The Graphic, but was too overwhelmed with work to paint, so he quit. Three years later, he began exhibiting with the Royal Academy of Arts. At the start of World War I, he obtained a job designing posters for the War Office. In 1917, Leist was appointed as an official war artist to serve with the Australian Imperial Force in France.
Leist completed over 150 paintings and sketches during the war and, after his war service, contributed two large murals for the Australian Exhibition at the British Empire Exhibition held at Wembley in 1924. That same year, he was elected a member of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters. As a result of these works, Leist's popularity increased and he gained several commissions from the United States; producing similar murals in St. Augustine and Tampa. He also toured the American Southwest, visiting Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. Returning to Australia in 1926, Leist took up a position as the Head of Painting at the East Sydney Technical College. He exhibited widely and was a member of numerous art associations, and n 1937 became a foundation member of, and exhibited with, Robert Menzies' anti-modernist organisation, the Australian Academy of Art.
Leist died at Mosman, outside Sydney, in February 1945, of a cerebral thrombosis. He was survived by his wife Ada and a married daughter.
Leist is represented in the Art Gallery of New South Wales with ten works as well a representations in several private collections. Many of his paintings as a war artist are in the collection of the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Some of his portraits are in Parliament House, Canberra.

## Gallery

* The Shoemaker
* The Taking of Lone Pine, 1921. Attack of the Australian 1st Brigade during the Battle of Lone Pine, 6 August 1915
* Mouquet farm, Pozières, by Fred Leist
* The Guitar Player
* Portrait of Earle Page
* The Morning Dip
# Lycodon effraenis

The brown wolf snake (Lycodon effraenis) is a species of snake in the family colubridae. It is found in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, and Thailand.
# Leucocelis albosticta

Leucocelis albosticta is a species of chafer beetles belonging to the family Scarabaeidae.

## Description

Leucocelis albosticta can reach a length of about 10 millimetres (0.39 in). Pronotum is reddish, while elytra are shining green with small white spots.

## Distribution

This species has an Afrotropical distribution range (East Africa, Uganda, Tanzania).
# Land Matters

Land Matters is a 2009 documentary film directed by Thorsten Schütte that examines the impact of land reform in Namibia on the farmer communities. The film features interviews with farmers and farm workers from different regions and backgrounds, as well as experts and activists on the land issue. The film explores the historical, political, economic, and social aspects of land reform, as well as the challenges and opportunities it presents for the future of Namibia.

## Background

The film was produced by Schütte's company, Nomad Films, in collaboration with the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation and the Namibian Film Commission. It was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Goethe-Institut. The film was shot in various locations across Namibia, including Windhoek, Otjiwarongo, Grootfontein, Tsumeb, Oshakati, and Keetmanshoop. The film offers subtitles in English, German, and French, and a voice-over in Afrikaans.
The film was released in Namibia in September 2009, and was screened at several film festivals and events, such as the Africa in Motion Film Festival in Edinburgh, the Afrika Filmfestival in Leuven, the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, and the Berlinale Forum. The film received positive reviews from critics and audiences, who praised its balanced and nuanced approach to the land issue, as well as its cinematic quality and aesthetic. The film was also followed by a report that documented the reactions and comments of the viewers who watched the film in different parts of Namibia.
# Mehmet Gümüşburun

Mehmet Gümüşburun (born 1942) is a Turkish chemical engineer and bureaucrat.

## Biography

Mehmet Gümüşburun was born in Gaziantep in 1942. He is a graduate of Istanbul Technical University and holds a degree in chemical engineering.
He started his career in 1967 and began to work in Gaziantep Cement Factory. He worked in different cement plants in various capacities. He was the director of Van Cement Factory from 1979 to 1982 and of Pınarhisar Cement Factory from 1982 to 1986. In 1986 he was appointed deputy director general of ÇİTOSAN, a now-defunct state-owned enterprise of cement industry in Turkey. He became director general of ÇİTOSAN in November 1987 and was in office until June 1992. He also served as the president of the Turkish Cement Producers Association (TÇMB) from 1987 and 1992.
After leaving office he worked at Yibitaş Lafarge as general coordinator from 1995 to 2000. During the same period he was also deputy president of the TÇMB. Then he worked at different companies in Turkey.
# Valakonje

Valakonje (Serbian Cyrillic: Валакоње) is a village in the municipality of Boljevac, Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the village has a population of 806 people.
# Freddie Sales

Frederick Harry Sales (né Walker; 27 November 1920 – 15 November 1994) was an English comedian and actor.

## Life

He was born in Hull, Yorkshire, into a show business family, and took the surname Sales from that of his paternal grandmother. He began performing in theatres in his teens, and worked extensively in Ireland where he developed his act as a comedian. Part of his performance involved him acting as a baby in an oversized playpen, banging his "'poon". He toured internationally, entertaining the forces in the Second World War and visiting Australia and elsewhere.
He appeared regularly on radio shows such as Variety Bandbox and Workers' Playtime in the late 1940s and 1950s, and also visited the United States, performing as part of a revue in Las Vegas. In the late 1950s he took a leading role in the television adaptation of Educating Archie.
He died in Epsom, Surrey, in 1994, aged 73.
# Lycodon chrysoprateros

Lycodon chrysoprateros, also known as Ross's wolf snake, is a species of colubrid snake found on the island of Dalupiri in the Philippines.

## Etymology

The species name chrysoprateros is derived from the Greek words chrys, which means "gold," and prater which means "trader." The name was chosen by the biologists who described the snake to recognize H.G. Jarecki, the former chairman of the Mocatta Metals Corporation, who supported their work.

## Description

The head of Lycodon chrysoprateros is distinct from the neck, and slightly flattened. It has pupils which are nearly circular, and its snout projects further forward than its lower jaw. The body is nearly cylindrical, being more rounded on the back and flattened on the belly. The rostral scale is large and triangular, extending backwards, and visible from above the snake. The dorsal surface of the snake is dark brown, without any patterning, and the ventral surface is ivory-yellow. A holotype for the species had a snout-to-vent length of 51.5 centimeters, and a tail-length of 21.2 centimeters, giving it a total length of 72.7 centimeters. Unlike other related species found in the area, it has no patterning on its back.

## Reproduction

Lycodon chrysoprateros is oviparous, or egg-laying.

## Phylogeny

L. chrysoprateros is a member of the genus Lycodon, a genus of snakes commonly known as wolf snakes. The genus belongs to the snake family Colubridae, the largest snake family, with member species being found on every continent except Antarctica.

## Habitat and ecology

The habitat and ecology of the species are poorly known. The three specimens used to describe the species were captured along a trail in the forest, and the species is known to be terrestrial.

## Distribution

The species is definitively known only from Dalupiri Island in the Babuyan island group in the Philippines, where it was first observed in 1990. The known range of the species is thus only 52 square kilometers. The species may have also been observed on the nearby islands of Calayan and Camiguin Norte: however, these are yet to be confirmed. If they are, the known range will expand to 300 square kilometers.

## Conservation

L. chrysoprateros is listed as "Critically endangered" in the IUCN Red List, due to the fact that its range is only 52 square kilometres (20 sq mi) on an island that is facing significant habitat decline. Dalupiri Island has a highly fragmented forest which is declining further in size due to ranching activity. The nature of specific threats to the species remain poorly known, due to the species being poorly studied.
# Pan Britannica Industries

Pan Britannica Industries Ltd (PBI) was a household and agrochemical formulation company incorporated in 1932 and based at Britannica House, Stewardstone Road, Waltham Abbey and with a distribution presence in Wisbech in Cambridgeshire. PBI was, in common with many other UK household names, both a manufacturer and marketing organisation for both agricultural and horticultural products.
PBI produced many agro-chemical formulations for farmers, however it was perhaps best known for its product Baby Bio, a liquid plant food that came in a small perfume-shaped bottle. PBI was also the original publisher of the 'Expert' range of gardening books, starting with Be Your Own Gardening Expert written in 1958 by Dr D.G. Hessayon, who later became the company's chairman.
The company was sold to Sumitomo Corporation on 28 September 1990, and rebranded as PBI Home & Garden in 1998. In March 1999 the company was acquired by global conglomerate Bayer. The company has ceased production at Waltham Abbey, the works have been demolished and the site redeveloped for a Tesco supermarket. The rebranded company, PBI Home and Garden, was dissolved in 2015.

## Cancer allegations

The company's formulation plant in Waltham Abbey was alleged to be at the centre and therefore the cause of a cancer hotspot. This was highlighted by Storyline, an investigative television programme by Carlton Television, in early 1993. Reports of an unusual occurrence of cancer around the plant and subsequent legal action taken by the residents were the basis for this programme.
# Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor

The Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor is a general hospital managed under a public–private partnership model, located at the neighborhood of Santa Eugenia,in the Villa de Vallecas district in Madrid, Spain. It is part of the network of hospitals of the Servicio Madrileño de Salud (SERMAS).
It is one of the healthcare institutions associated to the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) for the purpose of clinical internship.

## History

It was opened on 29 February 2008. Featuring a built surface of 85,000 square metres, it has 264 hospitalary beds and 11 operating rooms.
It became a centre directly managed by the SERMAS in 2016.
In 2017 the Hospital Virgen de la Torre became part of the organization of the Infanta Leonor from a legal standpoint. In 2019, DIF, a Dutch investment fund, acquired the whole hospital.
Its medical emergency services collapsed in March 2020, during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, with patients lying on the floor of the hospital corridors.
# Oltion Osmani

Oltion Osmani (born 20 July 1972) is a former Albanian football who played for KF Elbasani, KF Tirana, Bylis Ballsh, Vllaznia Shkodër and Shkumbini Peqin in his career as well as the Albania national team.

## International career

He made his debut for Albania in an August 1998 friendly match against Cyprus, his sole international game.

## Honours

* Albanian Superliga: 2
       1999, 2001
# Melrose, California

Melrose, California may refer to:
* Melrose District, Los Angeles, California
* Melrose, California, former name of Cherokee, Nevada County, California
* Melrose Hill, Los Angeles, California
* Melrose, Oakland, California
# Ian Gilfillan

Ian Gilfillan (born 7 June 1932) is a former Australian politician. He was educated in Adelaide and was based on Kangaroo Island. He contested the 1974 federal election as a member of the Australia Party, but joined the Australian Democrats in 1977. In 1982, he was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council as a Democrat, holding the position until 1993. He returned to the Council in 1997 and served until his retirement in 2006.
# Mehrafza Mirzazad Barijugh

Mehrafza Mirzazad Barijugh (Oroumieh, 8 September 1985) is an Iranian industrial designer, living in the United States. She completed her studies in industrial design in Turkey, at Middle East Technical University (METU). In 2010, she became the first female designer from either Iran or Turkey to be presented with the Red Dot Award: Design Concept Best of the Best prize for her ETU (Emergency Transporter Unit for Amputated Body Parts) design.

## Biography

Mirzazad Barijugh was born in Oroumieh, Iran. She studied at the prestigious National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents school during her middle and high school years. At the age of 18, she moved to Turkey to study industrial design at Middle East Technical University (METU), in Ankara. During her studies at METU, her work emphasized the design of medical products. After graduating in 2009, she moved to Istanbul, where she worked as a freelance industrial designer. In addition to her freelance work, Mirzazad Barijugh continues to work on conceptual medical products. In 2012, she received a Design Turkey award for an accident site blood-testing device, a project she collaborated on with Turkish designers Efe Erinç Erdoğu and Rasim İspirgil. In 2013, she designed an insulin distribution system for diabetes patients.
She relocated her offices to Carrboro, North Carolina, in 2013.

## Awards

* Red Dot Award: Design Concept Best of the Best (2010)
* Design Turkey: Good Design Award (2010)
* Faces of Design: Talent Award (2010)
* İMMİB: Endüstriyel Tasarım Yarışmaları (2011)
* Design Turkey: Good Design Award (2012).
* Ignite: Diabetes Ideas Challenge Award (2013)
# Valalai

Valalai is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Northern Province.
# Francisco Núñez (conductor)

Francisco J. Núñez (born 1965 New York City) is an American conductor, composer, and the Director of the Young People’s Chorus of New York City. Núñez founded the Young People's Chorus in 1988 "to provide children of all ethnic, religious, and economic backgrounds with a safe haven for personal and artistic growth." He is a 2011 MacArthur Fellow.

## Life

Núñez was born in New York City, and grew up in the Dominican Republic and New York's Washington Heights neighborhood. He graduated from New York University in 1988 with a B.S. in piano performance.
Núñez is the recipient of numerous awards in addition to the MacArthur Fellowship, including a 2009 ASCAP Concert Music Award, the 2009 New York Choral Society’s Choral Excellence Award, and the 2005 Liberty Award from the New York Post. He is a member of ASCAP.
Núñez founded an annual festival called Transient Glory in 2001. Transient Glory features original compositions created expressly for YPC by award-winning composers such as Paquito D'Rivera. The Transient Glory festival has been performed at leading New York City music venues such as Carnegie Hall.
Núñez also leads the University Glee Club of New York City, its fifth conductor since the all-men’s choir was established in 1894. He served as the director of choral activities at New York University from 2003 to 2010.
Núñez served as conductor of the 2011 North Carolina Middle School Honors Chorus. Núñez wrote a piece entitled 'Forever Is My Song' for the event.
On May 19, 2014, Núñez was awarded the NYU Steinhardt Distinguished Alumni Award (and received a tie custom designed for NYU by Salvatore Ferragamo).
Núñez is married to Elizabeth McKinney and has two children, Sebastian and Sabrina.
# Mirandesa

The Mirandesa is a Portuguese breed of beef cattle. It originates in – and is named for – the Terra de Miranda, the area of north-eastern Portugal where Mirandese is spoken, particularly the municipality of Miranda do Douro. It was formerly used as a draught animal, and was distributed throughout almost all of the country.$^{:20}$$^{:246}$ It is now reared for beef; the meat may be marketed as Denominação de Origem Controlada ('Protected Designation of Origin').$^{:246}$

## History

The Mirandesa is a traditional breed of draught cattle. It originates in – and is named for – the Terra de Miranda, the area of north-eastern Portugal where Mirandese is spoken, particularly the municipality of Miranda do Douro in the traditional district of Bragança in the Norte region.$^{:246}$
Various sub-types were identified within the breed, among them that of Bragança, the Beirao of Beira, the Mirandes Extremenho or Ratinho Serrano, and the Jarmelo.$^{:857}$ This last was established as a separate breed in 2007, with the name Jarmelista.$^{:211}$
A herd-book for the Mirandesa was established in 1959, the first in the country.$^{:246}$ Numbers in the 1960s and 1970s were some 150000–200000 head, and the breed was distributed throughout most of Portugal, with the exception only of the former province of Minho in the north-west (now consisting of the districts of Braga and Viana do Castelo) and the Algarve region in the south.$^{:20}$$^{:246}$ In the later twentieth century the combined effects of the arrival in Portugal of more productive imported cattle and the mechanisation of agriculture, with its consequent reduction in demand for draught oxen, brought about a rapid fall in numbers; by the early 1990s the remaining stock was again mostly in the Terra de Miranda.
In 2007 the conservation status of the breed was listed by the FAO as 'not at risk'.$^{:144}$ In 2020 a population of 5535 head – 5230 cows and 305 bulls – was reported to DAD-IS, which in 2023 listed the conservation status of the breed as 'at risk/vulnerable'.
The larger Marinhoa cattle of the district of Aveiro derive principally from the Mirandesa, possibly with some intromission from Minhota stock.$^{:239}$

## Characteristics

The Mirandesa is a dark red-brown in colour, with some darkening towards the extremities; cows are more variable in shade than bulls. Average weights are 1024 kg for bulls and 630 kg for cows; average heights at the withers are 140 cm and 130 cm respectively.$^{:246}$
Like the Arouquesa, the Mirandesa is related to the five Spanish breeds that make up the Morena Galega or Morenas del Noroeste group – the Cachena, the Caldelana [es] or Caldelá, the Frieiresa [es], the Limiana [es] or Limiá, and the Vianesa.$^{:251}$

## Use

The Mirandesa was traditionally used as a draught animal. It was the principal cattle breed of Portugal and was distributed in large numbers throughout most of the country$^{:20}$$^{:246}$
It is now reared for beef; the meat may be marketed as Denominação de Origem Controlada ('Protected Designation of Origin').$^{:246}$
# Mountain Dew (disambiguation)

Mountain Dew is a carbonated soft drink brand produced and owned by PepsiCo.
Mountain Dew may also refer to:
* Moonshine, a home-made high-proof distilled spirit
* Nevis Mountain Dew, 1978 play by Steve Carter
* Mountain Dew (film), a 1917 American silent comedy-drama film

## Songs

* "The Rare Old Mountain Dew", Irish folk song dating from 1882
* "Mountain Dew", 1960 song by the Stanley Brothers
* "Good Old Mountain Dew", 1928/1935 Appalachian folk song by Bascom Lunsford and Scotty Wiseman
* "Diet Mountain Dew" (song), 2011 song by Lana Del Rey
# The George Wallace Show

The George Wallace Show was an Australian television series which aired in 1960. Starring George Wallace Jnr, it was a variety series aired in a daytime time-slot on Sydney station TCN-9. Aired at 2:00PM, it aired against Your Home on ATN-7, while ABN-2 did not offer any programming until 2:30PM.
Little information is available on this series. George Wallace Jr, who was the son of very popular Australian comedian George Wallace, later was a regular on the Brisbane-produced series Theatre Royal, and was a popular comedian in his own right.
# Oltipraz

Oltipraz is an organosulfur compound belonging to the dithiolethione class. It acts as a schistosomicide and has been shown in rodent models to inhibit the formation of cancers in the bladder, blood, colon, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, stomach, and trachea, skin, and mammary tissue. Clinical trials of oltipraz have failed to demonstrate efficacy and have shown significant side effects, including neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. Oltipraz has also been shown to generate superoxide radicals, which can be toxic.