OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Key Stage 4

Key Stage 4 (KS4) is the legal term for the two years of school education which incorporate GCSEs, and other examinations, in maintained schools in England normally known as Year 10 and Year 11, when pupils are aged between 14 and 16 by August 31. (In some schools, KS4 work is started in Year 9.)

## Legal definition

The term is defined in the Education Act 2002 as "the period beginning at the same time as the school year in which the majority of pupils in his class attain the age of fifteen and ending at the same time as the school year in which the majority of pupils in his class cease to be of compulsory school age". Since that Act, the ending of compulsory education in England has been extended beyond the age of sixteen, but compulsory education beyond the age of 16 is not classed as part of Key Stage 4.

## England and Wales
### Purpose

The term is used to define the group of pupils who must follow the relevant programmes of study from the National Curriculum. All pupils in this Key Stage must follow a programme of education in the following areas:
* English
* Mathematics
* Science
* Computing (England only)
* Physical Education
* Citizenship
* Careers Education
* Religious Education
* Work-related learning
* Welsh (Wales only)
In addition, there is a statutory duty on schools to provide an optional programme of education for pupils in this Key Stage in each of the following areas:
* The Arts
* Design and Technology
* The Humanities and Healthcare
* Modern Foreign Languages
At the end of this stage, pupils aged 15 or 16 depending on their birthday - in Year 11 - are normally entered for a range of external examinations. Most frequently, these are GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations, although a range of other qualifications is growing in popularity, including NVQ National Vocational Qualifications. These examinations are set by one of the examination boards. Results of examinations at this age are published as part of the Department for Education Performance Tables.

## Northern Ireland
### Legal definition

The term is defined in The Education (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 as "the period beginning at the same time as the next school year after the end of key stage 3 and ending at the same time as he ceases to be of compulsory school age". Notably, the earlier Key Stages are defined as lasting for ten years in total from the start of compulsory education.

### Purpose

The term is used to define the group of pupils who must follow the relevant programmes of study from the National Curriculum. All pupils in this Key Stage must follow a programme of education in the nine areas of learning in the curriculum, some of which include specific subject strands:
* Language and Literacy
* Mathematics and Numeracy
* Modern Languages
* The Arts
* Environment and Society
* Science and Technology
* Learning for Life and Work
** Employability
** Local and Global Citizenship
** Personal Development
* Physical Education
* Religious Education
# Sarah Ellerby

Sarah Ellerby (born 24 February 1975) is an English former professional pool player. She began playing in England, before moving to the United States to play in World Pool-Billiard Association events. In total, Ellerby has won over 100 championships, including the 1997 European Eight-ball Championship. She retired in 2008 whilst ranked number one in the world in eight-ball.

## Career

Ellerby was born on 24 February 1975. She started playing cue sports at the age of 12. She was an England international player from 1992 to 1999.
Ellerby played in the United States, and obtained an extraordinary ability visa to relocate there to play. Her flight was diverted to Newfoundland due to the September 11 attacks, and then her plane returned to England. She played eight-ball for most of her career in England but switched to nine-ball in America. Her nickname as a player in the United Kingdom was Velvet, and she changed this to Ice Maiden after she moved. Ellerby was named the 2002 rookie of the year, and in 2003 was ranked 13th.
She retired from competitive play in 2008, when ranked fifth at nine-ball and first at eight-ball, having lost her appetite for the game when her management consultancy became successful, and her mother was diagnosed with breast cancer for the second time.

## Tournament wins

Ellerby won over 100 titles. They include the following:
* 1997 European Championship
* 1st Ladies Billiard Association of Florida Tour 2001 #1
* 1st Ladies Billiard Association of Florida Tour 2001 #4
* 1st North East Women's Tour 2001 Event 1
* Ladies Spirit Tour 2002 #2
* Ladies Spirit Tour 2002 #1
* Ladies Spirit Tour 2003 #1
* Ladies Spirit Tour 2003 #7
# John Macferson

John Macferson (fl. 1731-1732, first name also Jonathan) was a minor English pirate active in the Atlantic. He is best known for a single incident involving a Portuguese ship, and for being one of the last pirates of the Golden Age.

## History

In 1731 Macferson and four other English sailors booked passage aboard the Portuguese pink John which had sailed from Bristol. Badly treated by the Portuguese, they took over the ship off of Terceira near the Azores. The Englishmen then met with the ship Joseph while at sea; despite the protests of some of the Joseph's other passengers, they came aboard after looting and sinking the Portuguese pink. When they arrived in America, they were arrested and the stolen goods confiscated. The Joseph's Captain, Thomas Williams, escaped capture.
That October in Philadelphia, Macferson and his four co-conspirators were put on trial, convicted, and sentenced to hang. Some sources report that they were indeed hanged, some of the last executions of the Golden Age of Piracy. In fact their sentence was never carried out: as they had only committed thievery and not murder, Pennsylvania Lt. Governor Gordon wrote to the Duke of Newcastle asking whether they should be pardoned. In April of 1732 the Duke wrote back confirming that the five had been granted clemency by the King: "His Majesty approved your having respited the execution of the said criminals, and has been graciously pleased, upon some favourable circumstances that have been represented in their behalf, to extend His mercy to them."
# Micropterix purpureopennella

Micropterix purpureopennella is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described by Heath in 1986. It is known from Algeria.
# Heretics (book)

Heretics is a collection of 20 essays by English writer G. K. Chesterton published by John Lane in 1905. In it, Chesterton quotes at length and argues extensively against atheist Joseph McCabe and delivers diatribes about his close personal friend and intellectual rival George Bernard Shaw, as well as about Friedrich Nietzsche, H. G. Wells, Rudyard Kipling, and an array of other major intellectuals of his day, many of whom he knew personally. His topics range from cosmology to anthropology to soteriology, and he argues against French nihilism, German humanism, English utilitarianism, the syncretism of "the vague modern", Social Darwinism, eugenics, and the arrogance and misanthropy of the European intelligentsia. Together with Orthodoxy (1908), this book is regarded as central to Chesterton's corpus of moral theology.

## Chapters

* Introductory Remarks on the Importance of Orthodoxy
* On the Negative Spirit
* On Mr. Rudyard Kipling and Making the World Small
* Mr. Bernard Shaw
* Mr. H. G. Wells and the Giants
* Christmas and the Esthetes
* Omar and the Sacred Vine
* The Mildness of the Yellow Press
* The Moods of Mr. George Moore
* On Sandals and Simplicity
* Science and the Savages
* Paganism and Mr. Lowes Dickinson
* Celts and Celtophiles
* On Certain Modern Writers and the Institution of the Family
* On Smart Novelists and the Smart Set
* On Mr. McCabe and a Divine Frivolity
* On the Wit of Whistler
* The Fallacy of the Young Nation
* Slum Novelists and the Slums
* Concluding Remarks on the Importance of Orthodoxy
# Obesotoma robusta

Obesotoma robusta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 8 mm and 16 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Sea of Japan, Sakhalin and off Northwest Canada.
# Maroua Declaration

The Maroua Declaration is a 1975 maritime boundary agreement between Cameroon and Nigeria. A question regarding the validity of the agreement arose during an International Court of Justice case that decided a boundary dispute between the two countries.
The Maroua Declaration was signed on 1 June 1975 by Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon, and Yakubu Gowon, the head of state of Nigeria in Maroua, Cameroon. The agreement extends a maritime boundary that previously existed between the two countries further into the Gulf of Guinea from the mouth of the Akwayafe River.
In 2002, the International Court of Justice issued a judgment in a case between Cameroon and Nigeria on their longstanding boundary dispute. Nigeria argued that the Maroua Declaration was invalid and nonbinding because although the Nigerian head of state had signed it, the agreement had not been ratified either by Parliament or any other governmental process. The ICJ held that under international law the declaration was valid and came into effect upon signing by the head of state.
# Irishmans, Kentucky

Irishmans is an unincorporated community within Knott County, Kentucky, United States.
# Pitch Black (album)

Pitch Black is the debut studio album by the Finnish melodic death metal band Rifftera. It was released in 2015 and reached No. 37 on The Official Finnish Charts. The album features guest appearance from Björn "Speed" Strid of Soilwork on the track "Rotten to the Core".

## Track listing

All lyrics written by Janne Hietala.

## Personnel

Rifftera
* Janne Hietala – guitar, harsh vocals
* Mikko Kuoppamaa – guitar, clean vocals
* Antti Pöntinen – keyboards
* Jupe Karhu – bass
Guest musicians
* Thomas Tunkkari – drums
* Björn "Speed" Strid (Soilwork) – vocals on "Rotten to the Core"
Production
* Janne Hietala – producer, engineer, mixing
* Mikko Kuoppamaa – engineer
* Sami Koivisto – drum engineer, mastering
* Petri Lampela – cover art
* Heidi Järvi – photography

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 37 |
# INHS Patanjali

INHS Patanjali is the naval hospital of the Indian Navy at Karwar, Karnataka which was commissioned on 26 December 2006. INHS Patanjali is the second naval establishment commissioned at Karwar. It has an initial capacity of 141 beds upgradeable to 400.

## Objective

Karwar is a premier base of Indian Navy on the western seaboard. The hospital is responsible for the medical support of the ships based in Karwar and other establishments. In addition, it provides preventive and curative care to all the servicemen and families of the Navy, DSC, NCC, Coast Guard, ex-servicemen and their dependents. Emergency services are extended to civilians as and when required.
# Lee Jae-joung

Lee Jae-joung (born March 1, 1944) was the Unification Minister of South Korea. As head of the Ministry of Unification, Lee is tasked with working toward the reunification of Korea.
Lee assumed the position of Minister for Unification, taking over from Lee Jeong-suk (now a Senior Fellow at the Sejong Institute and Member of the Presidential Advisory Group on the Inter-Korean Summit) in December 2006. The appointment made him the 33rd Minister for Unification, and in the intense prelude to the second inter-Korean Leader's Summit of 2–4 October 2007, the appointment also made him a regular figure in the Korean-language media.
# Firearm rack

A gun rack, also known as a firearm rack, rifle rack, or arm rack, is a rack used for storing firearms such as long guns and handguns. They can be used for regular storage or display.
Gun racks are often designed to hold a gun pointing up, with its stock or grip touching the bottom of the rack. Sections on the rack may be intended as slots to secure the gun and keep it secure in place, often placed at the barrel, barrel shroud, or stock. Gun racks typically have locks to prevent theft or improper use.
Gun racks can be mounted onto vehicles to carry firearms; indeed, the shooting brake originated as a hunting vehicle designed to carry guns in this fashion. Aftermarket gun racks can be mounted onto vehicles such as all-terrain vehicles, side-by-sides, military vehicles, SWAT vehicles, tractors, and other vehicle types.
# Main line railway preservation

Main line railway preservation is the practice of operating preserved trains on a railway network which is also operational primarily for serious commercial use. This is in contrast to a heritage railway, which is kept primarily for the use of preserved trains.
# Micropterix trinacriella

Micropterix trinacriella is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae that was described by Michael A. Kurz, Hans Christof Zeller-Lukashort and Marion E. Kurz in 1997. It is only known from the area near the northern shore of Sicily, as well as in the surrounding of Mount Etna.
The length of the forewings is 2.6–3.1 millimetres (0.10–0.12 in) for males and 2.8–3.6 millimetres (0.11–0.14 in) for females.
# Henry Cole (minister)

Henry Cole (1792 – 28 June 1858 in Islington) was an Anglican curate at Woolwich, Kent, Islington, and Sunday evening Lecturer at St Mary Somerset in the City of London. His writings included a translation of two works by Calvin as well as a translation of Martin Luther's "On the Bondage of the Will". A reviewer of his wrote, "The translator of these works (Mr. Henry Cole) is well known to many friends of God's new covenant truth, as a minister of a deep and living experience of the work of faith with power. But great bodily and heavy mental afflictions have, at times, been endured by him. During such seasons, he says— 'It has pleased God to give me strength to translate (these) two works of the beloved and immortal Calvin.'"

## Works

* Popular Geology Subversive of Divine Revelation (1834)
* Cole, Henry (1858). Luther Still Speaking: The Creation, a Commentary on Genesis 1-5. p. vi.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Deaths". The Spectator. 131. 1858.
* ↑ "Book Review". The Earthen Vessel and Christian Record & Review. 12–14. 1 May 1857. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
# Kalle Sauerland

Karl-Robin Sauerland (born 14 April 1977) is an Anglo-German boxing promoter and the Global Head of Boxing at Wasserman. Sauerland has been the promoter for many British boxers including David Haye, Chris Eubank Jr and Derek Chisora.

## Early life

Sauerland was born in Wuppertal, Germany but grew up in London, England. He is the son of Wilfried Sauerland, a German International Hall of Fame boxing promoter.

## Career

Sauerland began his career as an intern at International Management Group, a sports rights agency, where he handled the commercial rights for around 300 footballers including Zlatan Ibrahimović, Teddy Sheringham and Paolo Maldini.
In 2003, Sauerland launched his own sports agency, Kentaro, which went on to acquire the broadcast rights to the Greek football team ahead of its UEFA Euro 2004 win and represent the Brazilian football team.
In 2008, Sauerland joined Sauerland Event, the boxing promotion company founded by his father Wilifred Sauerland.
In 2009, Sauerland launched the Super Six World Boxing Classic, which saw the six best super middleweights compete against each other in a single tournament. It was covered by US television channel Showtime and saw Andre Ward beat Carl Froch in the final to unify the WBC, WBA and Ring Magazine titles.
In July 2011, Sauerland promoted the world heavyweight title fight between David Haye and Wladimir Klitschko.
In March 2017, Sauerland was appointed Chief Boxing Officer at the Swiss company Comosa AG, where he launched the World Boxing Super Series. Described as the ‘Champions League of boxing’, the tournament launched with $38 million in prize money. The first season culminated in Oleksandr Usyk becoming undisputed cruiserweight world champion and Callum Smith becoming unified super middleweight champion.
In March 2021, Wasserman acquired Sauerland's promotion firm Team Sauerland to create Wasserman Boxing. Sauerland and his brother Nisse were appointed heads of global boxing. Since launch, Wasserman Boxing has promoted fights on Sky Sports, Sky Sports Box Office, DAZN and Channel 5.
In 2022, Wasserman Boxing, KSI and Proper Loud launched Misfits Boxing, a crossover boxing promotion where celebrities and influencers compete in the boxing ring, including Logan Paul, Tommy Fury and Dillon Danis. In January 2023, Misfits Boxing signed a five-year deal with DAZN to broadcast all Misfits Boxing events.

## Personal life

Sauerland lives in London and supports Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Sauerland has a brother, Nisse Sauerland, who is the Managing Executive of Global Boxing at Wasserman.
# Ihuatzio

Ihuatzio, which translates to "Land of Coyotes" in the Purépecha language, is a town located near Lake Pátzcuaro in the Mexican state of Michoacán. It was once the capital of the Purépecha kingdom. It was the capital until the change to Tzintzuntzan. As of the year 2020, it has a total population of 3,950.

## Geography

Ihuatzio is located on the southeast of the Lake Pátzcuaro, about 8 kilometers southwest of the town center of Tzintzuntzan. Its average elevation is 2,052 meters above the sea level.

## Climate

Ihuatzio has Subtropical Highland Climate (Cwb). It sees the least precipitation in December, with an average rainfall of 22 mm; and the most precipitation in July, with an average rainfall of 355 mm.
Climate data for Ihuatzio :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) | 22.8 (73.0) | 24.5 (76.1) | 26.7 (80.1) | 26.1 (79.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.9 (71.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.0 (69.8) | 22.8 (73.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.1 (57.4) | 15.4 (59.7) | 16.8 (62.2) | 18.9 (66.0) | 19.0 (66.2) | 17.5 (63.5) | 16.5 (61.7) | 16.6 (61.9) | 16.3 (61.3) | 16.0 (60.8) | 15.2 (59.4) | 14.4 (57.9) | 16.4 (61.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) | 9.9 (49.8) | 11.1 (52.0) | 13.0 (55.4) | 13.6 (56.5) | 13.3 (55.9) | 12.7 (54.9) | 12.6 (54.7) | 12.3 (54.1) | 11.4 (52.5) | 10.1 (50.2) | 9.5 (49.1) | 11.5 (52.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 35 (1.4) | 31 (1.2) | 32 (1.3) | 35 (1.4) | 140 (5.5) | 260 (10.2) | 355 (14.0) | 336 (13.2) | 293 (11.5) | 150 (5.9) | 56 (2.2) | 22 (0.9) | 1,745 (68.7) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Archaeological site

Ihuatzio is also the name of an archeological site located at the southern slopes of “Cerro Tarhiata K'eri”, just north of the town of Ihuatzio, in the Tzintzuntzan municipality, of Michoacán state. The site is some 7 kilometers south-east of Tzintzuntzan, on the south-eastern shore of the Lake Pátzcuaro. Human settlements vestiges are registered from two different occupational periods; the first occurred between 900 and 1200 CE, corresponding to Nahuatl language speaking groups; the second group corresponding to the maximum development reached by the Purépecha culture, between 1200 and 1530 CE.

## Galleries

* Inside of the Huatapera (enclosed patio) of Ihuatzio
* Vasco de Quiroga street by the parish
* Building in atrium of the Parish
* Local church
# Irishman in America

Irishman in America is the thirteenth studio album by Australian-born Irish singer and composer Johnny Logan, released in Europe in September 2008. The album is described as blending traditional Irish folk classics with American country & western. The album includes four original tracks, written by Logan. The album charted in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
The album was released in Ireland in May 2009.

## Background and release

In 2007, Logan released The Irish Connection which went platinum in Denmark, twice platinum in Norway and gold in Sweden. The idea to release another "Irish" album was expressed by Logan's Danish friend and promoter through many years, Calle. Calle believed Logan would be loyal to his Irish background with four Irish traditional songs, four American songs plus four brand new songs, written by Logan personally.
Logan explains “We started the project just before Christmas last year even though I was still busy following up on our success with The Irish Connection.” Calle died during the production leaving Logan to self-produce. Logan said “I have personally arranged and produced all of it and I am very excited to see how it will be received. It is the first time I have tried it. But nothing has been left to chance. I have focused intently on every detail. I would like to make something more adventurous and different this time, but still remain faithful to my audience”. Logan's sons Adam, Fionn and Jack feature in the chorus of "Irishman in America".
The album was supported by a tour across Denmark in 2008.

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 10 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 20 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 24 |
# Luigi Tomasini

Luigi Tomasini (or Alois Luigi Tomasini; 22 June 1741 – 25 April 1808) was an Italian violinist and composer. He was leader of Prince Esterházy's court orchestra, which was directed by Joseph Haydn.

## Life

Tomasini was born in Pesaro, Italy, in 1741. Discovered by Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy, who was interested in music, he was engaged in 1757 as a servant; he was given musical training, and became a violinist in the prince's orchestra at his court in Eisenstadt.
Joseph Haydn became the director of the prince's orchestra in 1761, and Tomasini became konzertmeister. The orchestra continued under the prince's successor, his brother Nikolaus I, from 1762. Haydn wrote violin concerti for Tomasini.
Nikolaus died in 1790 and was succeeded by his son, Prince Anton, who was less interested in music. Tomasini received a pension and was given a chance to tour. Nikolaus II succeeded his father Anton in 1794 and revived the orchestra; in 1802 Tomasini became director of chamber music for Nikolaus II.
Tomasini married Josepha Vogl, and they had twelve children; four of them became court musicians at Esterházy.

## Works

Tomasini composed about 30 string quartets, a few symphonies and violin concerti, violin sonatas and violin duos, and many baryton trios (written for Prince Nikolaus I, a baryton player).