OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Matroshka experiments

The Matroshka (or Matroschka or Phantom) experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) use a mannequin that has been used to study cosmic radiation dose types and rates that relate to the health of space travellers on long duration missions.
The two-part experiment is named for the Matryoshka dolls or Russian nested doll that has various layers of dolls, with the inner layers revealed when the outer layers are opened. In this experiment, the doll has measured the radiation doses of the separate components of the ionizing cosmic radiation at the skin surface and at different locations inside a realistic human torso, in order to establish the relation between skin doses and organ doses.

## Details

Matroshka is a human torso (mannequin), a base structure and a container. The container is a carbon fibre structure and formed, with the base structure, a closed volume that contained a dry oxygen atmosphere and protected the torso against space vacuum, space debris, solar UV and material offgassing. It also acts more generally as a simulation of a space suit worn by astronauts during a space walk. Temperature, pressure and experiment data were collected during the mission and transferred to the onboard computer system of ISS, then to the Earth stations for transmission to the experimenters. The torso uses commercial parts common to the field of radiotherapy; various instrumented 'slices' were composed of natural bones embedded in plastics simulating tissue and lung.
The principal investigator is Guenter Reitz, Ph.D. of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.

## MTR-1

Matroshka-1 (MTR-1) was sent to the ISS aboard the Soyuz-U/Progress M1-11 supply vehicle launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 24 January 2004, and was placed on the outside of the Russian Zvezda module during a spacewalk during Expedition 8 by Alexander Kaleri and Michael Foale on 15 March 2004, and brought inside during Expedition 11 on 18 August 2005 then the experimental elements were returned to Earth with that crew on 11 October 2005. The main devices remained inside the ISS.

## MTR-2

Matroshka-2 (MTR-2) received its experimental elements (experiment 2A — passive detectors) aboard Progress 20P launched 21 December 2005. These 'slices' were mounted and measured similar data for conditions inside the ISS until active detectors were received later (experiment 2B) to continue dose readings until its eventual return to Earth using replacement sensor parts. The torso returned to Earth on in 2009

## Experiments
### Active

* Dosimetric Telescope (two passive implanted planar silicon detectors)
* Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (ionisation chamber)
* Silicon Scintillator Dosimeter

### Passive

* Thermoluminescence Dosimeter
* Plastic-Nuclear Track Detector
# Huaxia Elevated Road

The Huaxia Elevated Road (Chinese: 华夏高架路) is a 15.6-kilometre (9.7 mi) long elevated expressway entirely in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai, a direct-controlled municipality in the People's Republic of China. It opened to traffic on 25 December 2009, and connects the Middle Ring Road with the Yingbin Expressway. It serves as a new roadway from Shanghai Pudong International Airport to the city centre. It makes the journey from Shanghai Pudong International Airport to the city centre in 30 minutes, and to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, via the Middle Ring Road, in 60 minutes. The route normally takes 70 percent of traffic flow to Shanghai Pudong International Airport.
# Huaxiadraco

Huaxiadraco (meaning "Hua Xia [China] dragon") is a genus of tapejarid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Aptian-age Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Chaoyang, Liaoning, China. It is the third valid genus of tapejarid from the Jehol Biota, after Sinopterus and Eopteranodon. It contains one species, Huaxiadraco corollatus, originally assigned to the defunct genus Huaxiapterus.

## History of discovery

Huaxiadraco is based on the holotype ZMNH M8131, a nearly complete skeleton. It was originally assigned to the genus Huaxiapterus by Lü Junchang and colleagues in 2006, under the binomial name Huaxiapterus corollatus. Lü et al. also named another species, Huaxiapterus benxiensis, a year later. However, analyses have since found that these species are only distantly related to Huaxiapterus jii, the type species of Huaxiapterus, and thus require a new genus name. A 2023 review of Chinese tapejarids by Pêgas et al. have confirmed these analyses, finding most of them (including Huaxipterus jii) to belong to the coeval Sinopterus dongi, although corollatus was found to belong to a distinct genus. They thus created Huaxiadraco for corollatus, synonymized benxiensis with it, and referred specimens D2525 (previously considered Sinopterus), BMPC 103, 104, and 105 to it.

## Classification

Based on their reassessment of the Sinopterus species-complex, Pêgas et al. modified their working dataset, previously used in the redescription of Aerotitan. Their cladogram is shown below:
# Howard Who?

Howard Who? is a science fiction short story collection by American writer Howard Waldrop. It was released on July 1, 1986.

## Contents

* "Howard Who?" (introduction by George R. R. Martin)
* "The Ugly Chickens" (Nebula Award winner)
* "Der Untergang des Abendlandesmenschen"
* "Ike at the Mike"
* "Dr. Hudson's Secret Gorilla"
* "...The World, as We Know't"
* "Green Brother"
* "Mary Margaret Road-Grader"
* "Save a Place in the Lifeboat for Me"
* "Horror, We Got"
* "Man-Mountain Gentian"
* "God's Hooks!"
* "Heirs of the Perisphere"
# Lucknow Air Force Station

Lucknow Air Force Station (Hindi:लखनऊ एयरफोर्स स्टेशन) known as Bakshi Ka Talab Air Force Station is located at Bakshi Ka Talab on the outskirt of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It belongs to the Central Air Command. Sole user of this airport is the Indian Air Force. No. 35 Squadron IAF (Rapiers) is based here as an EW and Air superiority unit. It was founded by the British in the run up to WWII as a small airstrip, but expanded after Indian independence. This airbase stood for quick landing and take off in emergency cases. It is a small fighter unit ready to take part in combat in emergency. This station also responsible for navigating air traffic. This station located about 1.5 km from Bakshi ka talab main road. Kendriya Vidyalaya BKT school is also located there.
# Pietro Gaudenzi (bishop)

Pietro Gaudenzi (died 1664) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Arbe (1636–1664).

## Biography

On 3 March 1636, Pietro Gaudenzi was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Arbe. On 24 March 1636, he was consecrated bishop by Faustus Poli, Titular Archbishop of Amasea, with Giovanni Battista Altieri, Bishop Emeritus of Camerino, and Celso Zani, Bishop Emeritus of Città della Pieve, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Arbe until his death in 1664.
While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Thomas Marnavich, Bishop of Bosnia (1640).
# Lowie

Lowie is a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

## Surname

* Jules Lowie (1913–1960), Belgian racing cyclist
* Robert Lowie (1883–1957), Austrian-born American anthropologist
* Wander Lowie (born 1959), Dutch linguist

## Given name

* Lowie Stuer (born 1995), Belgian volleyball player
* Lowie Vermeersch (born 1974), Flemish automobile designer
* Lowie van Zundert (born 1998), Dutch footballer
# Hudsonville Christian School Building

The Hudsonville Christian School Building is a school building located at 5692 School Avenue in Hudsonville, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

## History

A small settlement developed at this location in the 1860s. Development was slow until construction of the Chicago and West Michigan Railroad in 1874 brought more settlers, primarily Dutch immigrants. By 1897, over 400 people lived in Hudsonville. Christian Reformed congregants who settled in Hudsonville initially worshipped in the surrounding communities, but in 1901 the Rev. G. G. Haan established the Hudsonville Christian Reformed mission. The congregation built a church in 1904.
In 1913, the congregation established the Hudsonville Society for Christian Instruction. Church members donated a site for the school and construction began in 1917. The original school contained two rooms, but initial enrollment was larger than expected, and a third classroom was conducted in the basement. In 1921 enrollment had increased so much that two additional classrooms were constructed. In 1943, two more classrooms were added. However, enrollment continued to grow, and in the late 1940s, it was decided that the site was too small to continue adding capacity. In 1948, the school purchased another site, and in 1950 constructed a new building.
The original building remained part of the Hudsonville Christian School; although fluctuating enrollment made the school attempt to sell the building in 1968, a spike in 1970 caused the building to again be utilized. In the 1970s and 1980s the building was renovated. It was closed at the end of the 2004/05 school year, although the Hudsonville Christian School continued operation in other buildings. The building was purchased by investors and renovated, and leased to a child care center.

## Description

The Hudsonville Christian School Building is a one-story structure clad with white-painted clapboards and capped with a combination hip and gable roof. The building contains six classrooms, constructed in three phases of two classrooms each. The western end of the building, topped with a hipped roof, houses a vestibule with two classrooms. The vestibule projects from the front of the building. The middle section of the building contains two more classrooms, a corridor separating them from the original rooms, and a restroom. The eastern section contains two more classrooms, another corridor, and a second restroom. These two sections are covered with a single broad hipped roof with a gable section connecting to the western hipped roof.
# Matias Kupiainen

Matias Kupiainen (born 11 May 1983 in Helsinki) is a Finnish guitarist, songwriter and record producer. He is the current guitarist in Stratovarius.
Kupiainen was chosen as the new guitarist for the Finnish power metal band Stratovarius after Timo Tolkki's departure from the band in 2008. He started playing with the band in 2009, on their album Polaris for which he composed three songs.
In addition to Stratovarius, Kupiainen founded the grindcore band Fist in Fetus, which released a self-produced EP in 2007. He guested on the 2007 album Guitar Heroes, on the song "12 Donkeys", that was also released as a single, and appeared on the record release concert at Tavastia Club. At the 2007 Tuska festival, he appeared as the one-man house band of the TV station YLE Extra.
Kupiainen has also played as a session musician, among others, on albums of Olavi Uusivirta and Milana Misic, and worked as a producer, recording engineer, and mixer, as well. He has studied at Sibelius Academy in Helsinki and the Pop & Jazz Conservatory in Oulunkylä. He played a PRS Artist Series I guitar and now he is an endorser of Ruokangas Guitars. He currently plays his custom Hellcat made of Spanish cedar and arctic birch, and uses mainly ENGL, Hughes & Kettner, Mesa Boogie and TC Electronic gear.
Kupiainen was a part-owner of a recording studio named Minor Music in Helsinki, Finland, until it was merged with 5 By 5 Audio.

## Discography
### Fist in Fetus

* 2007 Fist in Fetus EP

### Stratovarius

* 2009 Polaris
* 2010 Polaris Live
* 2011 Elysium
* 2012 Under Flaming Winter Skies: Live in Tampere
* 2013 Nemesis
* 2014 Nemesis Days
* 2015 Eternal
* 2016 Best Of
* 2018 Enigma: Intermission 2
* 2022 Survive

### Guest appearances

* 2011 Turisas, Stand Up and Fight

### Offensive

* 2021 Awenasa
# Loving You More

"Loving You More" is a song by American electronica artist BT, featuring vocals by Vincent Covello. It was released on September 4, 1995 through Perfecto and East West Records as the fourth single from his debut studio album, Ima. On release, the song reached number 14 on the UK Singles Chart, as well as number 2 and number 18 on the UK and the US Dance Chart respectively.

## Background

On the original release of Ima, the song was included in two remix forms as part of "Sasha's Voyage of Ima": "BT's Garden of Ima Dub" and "BT's Final Spiritual Journey". However, the radio edit was included on the vinyl release, and the two remixes were included on the 1996 2CD re-release of the album.
A music video was created for the radio edit of the song, and released alongside the single. It has since resurfaced on YouTube.

## Charts

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart (OCC) | 14 |
| UK Dance Chart (OCC) | 2 |
| US Dance Club Songs (Billboard) | 18 |
# Pietrowice

Pietrowice may refer to:
* Pietrowice, Opole Voivodeship in Opole Voivodeship, Poland
* Pietrowice Małe in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
* Pietrowice Wielkie in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
** Gmina Pietrowice Wielkie
# Lowness

Lowness may refer to:
* Sharon Lowness, Canadian musician; see Boot Records
* The noun form of Low (complexity), a relationship between complexity classes in computational complexity theory
* Prince Lowness, a character in the Terrific Whatzit DC Comics stories
* A song by Patrice Rushen from the 1990 album The Meeting
# Pilomatricoma

Pilomatricoma is a benign skin tumor derived from the hair matrix. These neoplasms are relatively uncommon and typically occur on the scalp, face, and upper extremities. Clinically, pilomatricomas present as a subcutaneous nodule or cyst with unremarkable overlying epidermis that can range in size from 0.5 to 3.0 cm, but the largest reported case was 24 cm.

## Presentation
### Associations

Pilomatricomas have been observed in a variety of genetic disorders including Turner syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, trisomy 9, and Gardner syndrome. It has been reported that the prevalence of pilomatricomas in Turner syndrome is 2.6%.
Hybrid cysts that are composed of epidermal inclusion cysts and pilomatricoma-like changes have been repeatedly observed in Gardner syndrome. This association has prognostic import, since cutaneous findings in children with Gardner syndrome generally precede colonic polyposis.

## Histologic features

The characteristic components of a pilomatricoma include a stroma of fibrovascular connective tissue surrounding irregularly shaped, lobulated islands containing basaloid cells (being darkly stained, round or elongated, with indistinct cell borders and minimal cytoplasm, with nuclei being round to ovoid, deeply basophilic and generally prominent nucleoli), which abruptly or gradually transitions into ghost cells (having abundant, pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm, well defined cell borders and a central clear area, but only faint traces of nuclear material), which in turn may transition into keratinaceous to amorphous necrosis.
The presence of calcifications with foreign-body giant cells is common within the tumors.

## Pathogenesis

Pilomatricoma is associated with high levels of beta-catenin caused by either a mutation in the APC gene or a stabilizing mutation in the beta-catenin gene, CTNNB1. A high level of beta-catenin increases cell proliferation, inhibits cell death, and ultimately leads to neoplastic growth.
# Pilolcura

Pilolcura (Mapudungun for hollow stone) is a beach and hamlet in Valdivia Province, Los Ríos Region, Chile. It is named after the conglomerate formations on its beach, which resemble a stone castle with large arches.
# Hughes procedure

The Hughes procedure is an oculoplastic procedure which is performed to reconstruct a lower eyelid defect. It is usually performed as a 2-stage procedure.
The most common use for the Hughes procedure is reconstruction after the removal of a lower eyelid skin cancer.
The result aims to recreate the normal appearance and function of the lid.
# Hugh Bernard

Hugh Robert Bernard (born 14 September 1996) is an English former professional cricketer who has played for Kent County Cricket Club. He is a right-arm medium-fast pace bowler and a right-handed batsman. Bernard is a graduate of the Kent Cricket Academy and has featured in Kent's Second XI since 2014 as well as playing club cricket for Folkestone. In June 2015, Bernard signed his first professional contract with Kent. He made his first-class debut on 1 May 2016 against Glamorgan.
Bernard was born in Canterbury and attended Archbishop's School in the city.

## Youth international career

Bernard made his Youth One Day International debut for England Under-19s during a tour of Australia in April 2015, appearing twice and taking 5/14 in the final match of the series in Perth. In August 2015 he appeared four time for England under-19s as Australia Under-19s toured England. During December 2015 Bernard again played for the side in the 2015 Sri Lanka Under-19 Tri-Nation tournament before appearing twice for England against the touring Sri Lanka under-19s in August 2016.

## Domestic cricket career

Bernard made his senior first-class debut for Kent in May 2016, appearing against Glamorgan at Canterbury. He claimed his maiden first-class wicket in the Glamorgan first innings, having Aneurin Donald caught at deep square leg, taking three wickets in the match and becoming the 17th member of the Kent Academy to progress to senior cricket. He made his List A debut for Kent on 25 January 2017 against the Leeward Islands in the 2016–17 Regional Super50 tournament in Antigua.
Bernard was released by Kent at the end of the 2017 season.
# Piligenoides

Piligenoides is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Piligenoides vittata Barraclough, 1985

## Distribution

South Africa.
# Matt Brown (Australian politician)

Matthew James Brown (born 10 March 1972) is an Australian politician, elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Kiama between 1999 and 2011. He was appointed Minister for Police and Minister for the Illawarra in the New South Wales Government on 8 September 2008 but resigned three days later after allegations of inappropriate conduct at a party in Parliament House occurring in June 2008.
Brown holds a Bachelor of Mathematics and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Wollongong. Prior to his election he worked as solicitor and as a lecturer at the university.

## Political career

Brown was elected as Member for Kiama in 1999, representing the Labor Party. He was sworn in as Minister for Housing and Tourism on 2 April 2007, and promoted to Minister for Police and Minister for the Illawarra on 8 September 2008. He resigned on 11 September 2008 after being accused of erotic dancing at a late-night party in his Parliament House office. In 2010, he denied these allegations.
Partly due to the fallout from those allegations, Brown was heavily defeated at the 2011 state election by Liberal challenger Gareth Ward, suffering a swing of over 19 percent.
Brown had been suggested to run for the Federal seat of Throsby at the 2013 election but he decided against it.
Brown ran as a candidate for Kiama Council in the 2016 NSW Council Elections. He was elected to council along with his second running mate, Don Watson.
# Matteo Civitali

Matteo Civitali (1436–1501) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect, painter and engineer from Lucca. He was a leading artistic personality of the Early Renaissance in Lucca, where he was born and where most of his work remains.

## Biography

He was trained in Florence, where Antonio Rossellino and Mino da Fiesole influenced his mature style. He is known to have sculpted statues of Adam, Eve, Abraham, Saints Zacchariah and Elizabeth, and others for the chapel of San Giovanni Battista in Genoa Cathedral. He is mentioned with the name of Matteo Civitali by Vasari in his biography of Jacopo della Quercia, and appears to have taken up the art of sculpture at the age of 40 years, after years of practicing as a "barber" (surgeon). While considered to be the most important marble sculptor outside Florence during the second half of the fifteenth century, historical evidence pointed to Civitali's activity as a painter as well. However, no painting could firmly be identified to him until the discovery of an original contract by Roberto Ciardi in 1997 for a triptych for the Church of San Michele di Antraccoli,which was formerly ascribed to the Master of Benabbio. The contract revealed that both Civitali and Baldassare di Biagio were commissioned to complete the altarpiece.
Civitali's freestanding chapel, the "tempietto", built in 1484 to enshrine the Holy Face of Lucca, stands in the left nave of the Cathedral of San Martino, Lucca. The Duomo contains also a virtual anthology of Matteo's sculpture, since he worked at the San Romano Altar, and also sculpted the statue of St Sebastian in the back of the Holy Face Shrine, and two monumental graves in the right transept.
The relief of Faith (now in the National Museum of Florence, Italy) was originally the first segment part of Hope and Love, a triple relief. This marble figure of Faith was acquired by the Uffizi Gallery in 1830 from the prior of a church at Paterno near Florence. This piece of work existed in the church of San Michele in Foro, Lucca.
Matteo Civitali died on 12 October 1501. His son Nicolao Civitali as a sculptor and architect in Lucca.
# Huguette Dagenais

Huguette Dagenais (born 1943) is a French-Canadian anthropologist who until her retirement headed the feminist studies program at Université Laval in Quebec City. From 1988 to 1997, she was co-founder and director of the journal Recherches féministes. Together with Denise Piche, she edited an extensive volume of 18 papers on women and feminism published in 1994 as Women, Feminism and Development: Femmes, feminisme et ddveloppement.

## Early life and education

Born in Montreal in 1943, Huguette Dagenais studied athropology at the Université de Montréal with a bachelor's degree in 1968 and a master's in 1969. She went on to study in Paris, earning a doctorate from the Paris Descartes University in 1976.

## Career

In parallel with her role as an academic at the Université Laval, Dagenais carried out extensive research into social gender relationships, feminist analyses and related international developments. She has traveled frequently to the Caribbean, investigating the relationship between women's work and fertility (between 1967 and 1993) and from 1997 she participated in project researching social sciences and humanities research between Canadian and Vietnamese universities. This was followed from 1999 to 2004 by her coordination of a Canadian International Development Research Centre project researching social gender relationships and sustainable development in Vietnam,
In 2002, Dagenais commented that the inclusion of women's studies in Quebec universities presented major difficulties in the late 20th century although the situation had improved in the new millennium. The fragile situation had impacted the study of both science and politics.
In 1986, Dagenais co-founded and became the first coordinator of the multidiciplinaary feminist research group "Groupe de recherche multidisciplinaire féministe" (GREMF) and in 1986 she helped to establish the international journal Recherches féministes which she edited until 1997. In 1994, together with Denise Piche, she edited an extensive volume of 18 papers on women and feminism published as Women, Feminism and Development: Femmes, feminisme et ddveloppement.
# Huguette Desjardins

Huguette Desjardins (born 27 February 1938) is a Canadian artist. A printmaker, painter and public artist, Desjardins is best known for her public artwork in Montreal's Parc Avenue Metro station, installed in 1983.
Her work is included in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada.
# Pilsting

Pilsting is a municipality in the district of Dingolfing-Landau in Bavaria in Germany.