OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mulabhadra

Mūlabhadra (മൂലഭദ്ര) aka Mūlabhadri (ml:മൂലഭദ്രി) was a secret method of communication employed by the royal spies of the erstwhile Travancore Kingdom during the medieval period. The scheme was also colloquially referred to as Mūlapatra. It was essentially a cryptographic scheme involving a partial transposition of the letters of the Malayalam alphabet. The scheme had been extensively used by King Marthanda Varma (1706–1758) of Travancore Kingdom and his spies both for oral and written communication of messages. It was a fixed one-time unchangeable code in as much as it did not employ any key in its implementation in contrast to modern methods of substitution ciphers involving the utilisation of a key for generating a system of codes.

## The scheme

The following tables give the transposition scheme used in the Mulabhadra code.

### Vowels

| Clear text | അ | ആ | ഇ | ഈ | ഉ | ഊ | ഋ | എ | ഏ | ഐ | ഒ | ഓ | ഔ | അം | അഃ |
| Cipher text | ക | കാ | കി | കീ | കു | കൂ | കൃ | കെ | കേ | കൈ | കൊ | കോ | കൌ | കം | ക: |

### Consonants

| Clear text | ക | ഖ | ഗ | ഘ | ങ | ച | ഛ | ജ | ഝ | ഞ | ട | ഠ | ഡ | ഢ | ണ | ത | ഥ | ദ | ധ | ന | പ | ഫ | ബ | ഭ | മ |
| Cipher text | അ | ഗ | ഖ | ങ | ഘ | ട | ഠ | ഡ | ഢ | ണ | ച | ഛ | ജ | ഝ | ഞ | പ | ഫ | ബ | ഭ | മ | ത | ഥ | ദ | ധ | ന |
| Clear text: | യ | ര | ല | വ | ശ | ഷ | സ | ഹ | ള | ന |
| Cipher text | ശ | ഷ | സ | ഹ | യ | ര | ല | വ | ക്ഷ | റ |

### Chillus

| Clear text: | ല്‍ | ന്‍ | ര്‍ | ള്‍ |
| Cipher text | പ് | മ് | ഷ് | ക്ഷ് |

### Mnemonic

The users had developed a mnemonic to learn and remember this language. The mnemonic was very similar to Sanskrit slokas.
അകോഖഗോഘങശ്ചൈവ
ചടോഞണതപോമനഃ
യശോരഷോലസശ്ചൈവ

### Examples

| Clear text | പല്‍മനാഭപുരം | രാമന്‍ | ആള്‍ക്കാര്‍ |
| Cipher text | തസ്നറാധതുഷം | ഷാനമ് | കാക്ഷ് ആഷ് |
# Margit Voigt

Margit Voigt is a German mathematician specializing in graph theory and graph coloring. She is a professor of operations research at the University of Applied Sciences Dresden.
Voigt completed her Ph.D. in 1992 at the Technische Universität Ilmenau. Her dissertation, Über die chromatische Zahl einer speziellen Klasse unendlicher Graphen [On the chromatic number of a special class of infinite graphs] was jointly supervised by Rainer Bodendiek and Hansjoachim Walther.
Her results include the first known planar graph that requires five colors for list coloring, and a counterexample to a related conjecture that list coloring of planar graphs requires at most one more color than graph coloring for the same graphs.
# Jean-Jacques Gaultier

Jean-Jacques Gaultier (born 13 July 1963 in Épinal, Vosges) is a French politician of the Republicans (LR) who has been serving as a member of the National Assembly of France, representing the Vosges department. He was the deputy for Vosges's 4th constituency from 2002 to 2012 and again from 2017 onwards.

## Political career

In parliament, Gaultier has been serving on the Committee on Cultural and Education Affairs (2002–2012, since 2017).
In addition to his committee assignments, Gaultier has been a member of the French delegation to the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly since 2019.
In the run-up to the Republicans’ 2022 convention, Gaultier endorsed Éric Ciotti as the party's chairman.
# Marcus Hook

Marcus Hook may refer to:
* Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in the United States
* Marcus Hook (SEPTA station), a railroad station in Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, in the United States
* Marcus Hook Range Front Light, a lighthouse in the Delaware River in Delaware in the United States
* Marcus Hook Range Rear Light, a lighthouse in the Delaware River in Delaware in the United States
# Margit Gréczi

Margit Gréczi (born 13 December 1941 in Gyöngyös) is a Hungarian painter.

## Career

She began to show interest in painting in her early childhood. Her art teacher, Gyuláné Békési at the Gyöngyösi Elementary School, spotted her talent and started to work with her towards becoming a professional painter. She took lessons from her teacher for many years.
After finishing Gyöngyösi Elementary School she applied to the Hungarian Art Gymnasium at Budapest where she got accepted. So she continued her studies there until the 1956 incidents interfered, when her parents called her home to Gyöngyös, because they were worried about her safety at Budapest. At Gyöngyös as there were no art schools, she started to go to Vak Bottyán János Economic Technikum. After that, she has done another three years of higher school, when she received her accountant qualification. She started working as an accountant at the Treasury Department of the City of Gyöngyös.
She continued painting during all these years. She has also learned a lot from hunt scenery painters, and few others who effected her style and techniques. Most of her work is oil painting. She paints portraits, landscapes, and still life, and one of her favorite subjects is hunt scenery and animal paintings. She also paints for order, such as pet portraits, family portraits, and landscapes. She became a member of the Gyöngyösi Art Club in 1966. Her works can be found all over the world at professional collectors in the United States, UK, Germany, France and Netherlands. In 2010 she won the Amateur Painter contest with her "Cirinke" titled painting.

## Painter's Camp

Since 2009 she attends Painter's Camps in Hungary and England yearly. Beside painting she also teaches painting to the young painters there.
* 2009. Székelyvarság, Hungary
* 2009. Adács, Hungary
* 2009. Mátra Sástó, Hungary
* 2010. Anglia, Bristol, England
* 2010. Mezőbergenyei Art Camp, Hungary
* 2010. Mátra Sástó, Hungary

## Solo exhibition

* 1996–2010. Gyöngyös Main Square Gallery, Hungary
* 2002. Tiszaszentimre Sumer Hunting Days, Hungary
* 2003. Mátrafüred Gallery, Hungary
* 2004. Gyöngyös Mátra Honvéd Casino Gallery, Hungary
* 2007. Debrecen DOTE Mini Gallery, Hungary
* 2009. Gyula Cukrász Museum (100 years anniversary), Hungary
* 2009. Gyula Elizabet Hotel Gallery, Hungary
* 2010. Telki Pipacs Gallery, Hungary
* 2010. Domoszló, Atkár, Gyöngyöshalász, Gyöngyös Exhibitions, Hungary

## Gallery

* Csodálatos természet 2010
* A gyöngyösi Szent Bertalan templom 2009
* Hiúság
# Murray Beresford Roberts

Murray Beresford Roberts (10 August 1919 – 5 August 1974) was a New Zealand-born Australian confidence trickster and thief who died in New Zealand.

## Biography

Roberts was born in Wellington, New Zealand, the only child of Andrew Murray Roberts, a surveyor, and his wife, Annie Isabelle (née Huckstep). He was brought up in a well-to-do Auckland home by his Presbyterian father and Baptist mother. As a child he attended church services in both of those Christian denominations.
He started school at the independent preparatory school King's School, Auckland. When his parents lived in Sydney, Australia, he briefly attended Newington College during 1931. Newington was then affiliated with the Methodist Church of Australasia. On his parents return to New Zealand he attended Auckland Grammar School.
After dropping out of the University of Otago medical school when caught cheating at an exam Roberts spent his life impersonating medics, military men, writers and academics. When each charade fell through, he would move to a new town and new circle of targets. In 1945 Philip Le Couteur appointed him as a physics master and boarding resident master at his Sydney alma mater, Newington College. Apparently he had produced excellent references from schools in New Zealand. Members of the Common Room at Newington became suspicious when he attempted to air his scientific knowledge. The ruse lasted only six weeks before he disappeared from the campus. His fraudulent teaching record at Newington, Brisbane Boys' College and Dookie Agricultural College were used as evidence against him in a later trial in Perth, Western Australia, in 1955.
Roberts' roles included Assistant medical director of the New Zealand Division (Army), a naval surgeon commander, governor general designate, professor of neuropsychiatry, manager of Barclays bank, a major-general, atomic scientist, High Court judge, famous German industrialist, a well-known author, professor of classics. Many seem to have been undertaken for the pleasure he obtained rather than financial gain.
Roberts had a son from the first of his two marriages made in Australia. He died in Papakura in New Zealand on 5 August 1974. He was cremated on 9 August 1974 and his remains were scattered at Waikumete Cemetery. His autobiography was published posthumously.
# Marcus Melchior

Marcus Melchior (1897 – 1969) was a Danish rabbi. The rabbi of the main synagogue in Copenhagen, Denmark, at the time of the rescue of the Danish Jews in October 1943, during the Second World War. After escaping with his family and other Danish Jews to Sweden, he served as the acting rabbi for the Jewish refugees in Sweden until the end of the war, in mid 1945. In 1947 he became the chief rabbi of Denmark, a post he held until his death, in 1969.

## Biography

Melchior came from a prominent Jewish family in Denmark. After receiving his rabbinical diploma from the Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary, in Berlin, Germany, in 1921, he served as a rabbi in Tarnowskie Góry, Poland, from 1921 to 1923, and in Beuthen, Germany (today, Bytom, Poland), from 1925 to 1934. He then moved to Copenhagen, Denmark, and became rabbi for the Jewish community there. There he edited a magazine entitled Jodisk Familieblad. From 1943 to 1945 he was acting rabbi for the Jewish refugees from Denmark in Sweden. Following the death of Max Friediger, in 1947, he became chief rabbi in Denmark. After World War II he pleaded for reconciliation with the new Germany.
Though his background was Orthodox, his rhetorical skills and his culturally open attitudes made him a popular lecturer also outside Jewish circles.
He fathered four sons and two daughters, among them Arne Melchior (who became a frontbench Danish politician and government minister) and Binyamin (Bent) Melchior. In 1969, the latter succeeded his father as chief rabbi in Copenhagen, and is the father of Michael Melchior, who is chief rabbi in Norway and emigrated to Israel in 1986 where he became a member of the Knesset for the Labour-Meimad faction. He was also the grandfather of Rabbi Ove "Uri" Schwarz who served as the Chief Rabbi of Finland 1982–1987.
# Jean-Paul Delahaye

Jean-Paul Delahaye (born 29 June 1952 in Saint-Mandé Seine) is a French computer scientist and mathematician.

## Career

Delahaye has been a professor of computer science at the Lille University of Science and Technology since 1988 and a researcher in the school's computer sciences lab since 1983. Since 1991 he has written a monthly column in Pour la Science, the French version of Scientific American, dealing with mathematical games and recreations, logic, and computer science. He is a contributing author of the online scientific journal Interstices and a science and mathematics advisor to the Encyclopædia Britannica.
Delahaye won the 1998 d'Alembert prize from the Société mathématique de France for his books and articles popularizing mathematics, especially for the book Le fascinant nombre Pi.

## Works

* Delahaye, J.-P. (1981). "Automatic selection of sequence transformations". Math. Comp. 37 (155): 197–204. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-1981-0616372-5.
* Formal Methods in Artificial Intelligence, North-Oxford Academic, 1987, ISBN 0470208260
* Le fascinant nombre pi, Paris: Bibliothèque Pour la Science, 1997, ISBN 2902918259
# Jean Durand

For the composer Jean Durand, see Andree Rochat.
Jean Durand (1882–1946) was a French screenwriter and film director of the silent era. He was extremely prolific, working on well over two hundred films. He was married to the actress Berthe Dagmar.

## Selected filmography

* Tarnished Reputations (1920, writer)
* Madame Sans-Gêne (1925, assistant director)
* Palaces (1927)
* An Ideal Woman (1929)
* Island of Love (1929)
* Distress (1929)
# João Dias (disambiguation)

João Dias may refer to:
* Fajã de João Dias, permanent debris field on the island of São Jorge, Azores
* João Dias, municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil
* João Dias (CPTM), train station in São Paulo, Brazil
* João Dias (footballer) (born 1986), Portuguese footballer
* João Dias (politician) (born 1973), Portuguese politician
* João Scognamiglio Clá Dias (born 1939), Brazilian Roman Catholic priest
# Mushtum

Mushtum (fist in Uzbek) is an Uzbek satire and humor magazine published since 1923. It was founded by Abdulla Qodiriy. In 1927, the magazine began to cooperate with the Krokodil, a similar Russian magazine. Mushtum has been a starting point and an aegis of many Uzbek authors, including Abdulla Qahhor, Erkin Vohidov, Gʻafur Gʻulom, Said Ahmad, Samig Abdukakhkhar, Asqad Muxtor and Mirmuhsin.
During the Soviet era, Mushtum was published by printing house of the Central Committee. Since the Soviet dissolution, the magazine has been published by Sharq Publishing House.
# Jean F. MacCormack

Jean F. MacCormack is the past president of the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate, serving in the role from 2014 to 2017. MacCormack is the former Chancellor of University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, where she led from 1999 to 2012.

## Biography

MacCormack was born in 1947 and grew up in Dorchester, Massachusetts. MacCormack obtained a bachelor's degree in literature and fine arts from Emmanuel College in 1969, afterwards going on to earn a doctorate in education from UMass Amherst, which she completed in 1979.

## Career

After receiving her doctorate, MacCormack became a UMass Boston faculty member. MacCormack served as Vice Chancellor of Administration and Finance at UMass Boston for 11 years, beginning in 1988. By 1996, she became the Deputy Chancellor at UMass Boston, and in 1995 she served as interim chancellor. While at UMass Boston, MacCormack also held the position of Director of the Institute for Learning and Teaching, developed a K-12 community outreach program, created a science teacher learning program, and served as Acting Dean of the Graduate College of Education while the school merged with Boston State College.
MacCormack was named Interim Chancellor of UMass Dartmouth on September 1, 1999. On February 7, 2001, she was named as Chancellor. She retired from the role in early 2012.
Under MacCormack’s direction, UMass Dartmouth grew enrollment from 6,900 to 9,400, and annual private support from $3.9 million to $16 million. Available student housing was nearly doubled, permitting the university to offer 4,500 beds to residential students. MacCormack also emphasized research and fresh faculty. During her tenure, UMass Dartmouth hired over 150 new faculty members and nearly tripled research funding from $7 million to $26 million. MacCormack also advanced the school's investment in local communities via opening major satellite sites including the Advanced Technology Manufacturing Center in Fall River and the College of Visual and Performing Arts center in New Bedford, and partnering with institutions like the Ocean Explorium in New Bedford.
From 2014 through 2017, MacCormack served as the president of the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate, a specialty museum and educational institution located in Dorchester, MA.
# Jean Fabre (scholar)

Jean Fabre (13 December 1904 – 21 August 1975) was a French literary scholar, who specialised in the study of 18th century French literature. He was professor at the Faculté des lettres de Paris from 1952 to 1969.
# Music at Night (book)

Music at Night is a 1931 collection of essays by Aldous Huxley.
The essays in this book cover different subjects, such as morality in arts ('To the Puritan All Things are Impure', a defence of his friend D. H. Lawrence), music ("After silence that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible is music", he writes in 'The Rest is Silence'), similarities in the behaviour of men and cats ('Sermons in Cats').
Part of these essays may be regarded as a description of changes in society at the first half of the 20th century: 'Forehead Villanious Low' deals with the fruits of universal education, while 'Art and the Great Truth' defines modernist literature as "A terror for the obvious in his [the writer's] artistic medium - (...) which leads him to make laborious efforts to destroy the gradually perfected instrument of language".

## Adaptation

The book served as the inspiration for the eponymous Music at Night (and Other Stories) jazz album by The New York Second jazz septet.
# Mustapha Sama

Mustapha Pa Safa Sama (born 31 October 1979 in Freetown) is a Sierra Leonean former soccer player.

## Career
### Early career in Africa

Pa Safa was born and raised in Wellington, a poor neighbourhood in the east end of Freetown. He started his football career with his hometown club Wellington People in 1996 as a 17-year-old, and would later go on to play for several clubs in the Sierra Leone National Premier League, including Wusum Stars, Ports Authority and East End Lions, with whom he won the Sierra Leone National Premier League in 1999.
Sama also played for Algerian side JS Kabylie and Cape Verdean team Boavista prior to his move to Europe.

### Global nomad

Sama was signed by Swedish club Vasalund/Essinge IF in 2000, initiating a trip across the second divisions of Europe, playing for FK Haugesund in the Norwegian Adeccoligaen, Charleroi in the Belgian First Division, and Syrianska FC in Sweden. Sama was controversially terminated by Charleroi in 2005 after a dispute over the payment of match bonuses.
Sama moved to his third continent – Asia – in 2006 to play for LG-ACB Ha Noi in the Vietnamese V-League, moved to Indonesia to play for Persija Jakarta in 2007, and then moved west to play for Al-Wahda in Syria in 2008.
Sama then took on his fourth continent – North America – in March 2009 when he signed for the Carolina RailHawks in the USL First Division. After failing to get clearance to transfer to Carolina, Sama briefly went on trial with the San Jose Earthquakes.
# Jean Hellot

Jean Hellot (20 November 1685 – 13 February 1766) was a French chemist who contributed to early studies on phosphorus and worked on applied aspects in dyeing, metallurgy, mining, and porcelain manufacture.
Hellot was born in Paris to Michel and Marie-Anne Reynaud, and was taught at home and expected to follow a career in the clergy. A book on chemistry belonging to his grandfather made him interested in science and this was furthered by Etienne-Francois Geoffroy (1672-1731) who was married later married a niece of Hellot. Hellot also met Hans Sloane and Daniel Newton on trips to England. He became director of the newspaper Gazette de France from 1718 to 1738 and through journalism, became a friend of many French scientists. His first chemistry research was published in 1735 and in 1736 he became an assistant chemist at the Academie Royale des Sciences, succeeding Charles Marie de la Condamine (1701-1774). He rose to the position of chief chemist in 1743 after the death of Louis Lemery.
Hellot's contributions to chemistry include studies on dyeing and mordants for wool. He also demonstrated that colors in precious minerals were due to gaseous additives at the time of formation. Hellot studied the formulation and assaying of metals and their alloys and techniques for refining metal. In 1763 he was part of committee to examine fire hazards in a coalmine in Briancon. Hellot also researched invisible inks, examined methods for extraction of phosphorus from urine, the production of ether, and the manufacture of porcelain.
Hellot married Denis, a distant relative at the age of 65 in 1750. He died of apoplexy and was buried at the Chapelle de la Communion, Greve.
# Jean Nageotte

Jean Nageotte (8 February 1866 – 22 July 1948) was a French neuroanatomist born in Dijon.
He obtained his medical degree in Paris in 1893, and afterwards was associated with the Hôpital Bicêtre and Salpêtrière. He succeeded Louis-Antoine Ranvier (1835–1922) in what then became the chair of comparative histology at the Collège de France.
Nageotte specialized in anatomical research of the nervous system, and in his work stressed the importance of microscopic anatomy. He performed research of nerve fibers and the myelin sheath, and conducted studies involving connective tissue. He provided a description of boutons terminaux (terminal buttons) of spinal nerves, and did extensive work with nerve grafting. In addition he investigated tabes dorsalis, and with Joseph Babinski (1857–1932), the Babinski-Nageotte syndrome was described. This syndrome is a complex of symptoms associated with medullary lesions. He documented this disorder in a treatise called Hémiasynergie, latéropulsion et miosis bulbaire. Also with Babinski, he co-wrote a book on cerebrospinal fluid.
In his 1910 article, he surmised that glial cells behaves like an endocrine organ and secretes several molecules into the blood. Albeit the importance of this proposal had not been recognized in his time, today we know that glial cells have neurotransmitter receptors and even more, release neurotransmitters with similar mechanisms as neurons.
Other eponyms associated with Jean Nageotte:
* Nageotte cells: mononuclear cells found in the cerebrospinal fluid; 1 or 2 Nageotte cells per cubic millimeter are typically found in healthy individuals, but larger numbers of these cells are an indication of disease.
* Nageotte's radicular nerve: Nageotte placed the initial lesion of tabes dorsalis in the root component of the radicular nerve.

## Written works

* Tabès et paralysie générale (Tabes and general paralysis), Paris, Steinheil, 1893.
* Contribution à l’étude du cytodiagnostic du liquide céphalo-rachidien dans les affections nerveuses (Contribution to the study of cytodiagnostics of cerebrospinal fluid in nervous disorders) Tours, Maretheux, 1901.
* Pathogénie du tabes dorsal (Pathogenesis of tabes dorsalis) Paris, Naud, 1903.
* La Structure fine du système nerveux (The delicate structure of the nervous system), Paris, Maloine, 1905.
* L’Organisation de la matière dans ses rapports avec la vie Paris, 1922.
* Morphologie des gels lipoïdes, myéline, cristaux liquides, vacuoles (Morphology of lipoidal gel, myelin, liquid crystals, vacuoles), Paris, Hermann, 1937
# Marie Davis Pierre

Marie Davis Pierre (12 March 1918 – 24 May 2014) was a Dominican public servant who served as Speaker of the House of Assembly from 1980 to 1988.

## Early life and education

The daughter of Pauline Charles Davis and William Lionel Davis, she was born on 12 March 1918 in Dominica. She attended the Convent High School in Pointe Michel.

## Career

In 1937, Davis Pierre started a kindergarten called the St David School.
Davis Pierre joined the civil service in 1944 and became Deputy Registrar in 1965. In 1967, when Dominica became an Associated state of Great Britain, she became Clerk of the House.
Davis Pierre wrote a book, Parliamentary Practice and Working Methods of the Dominica House of Assembly, which was published in 1975.
On 3 November 1978, Dominica became a republic and Davis Pierre organised the Windsor Park meeting of parliament where the constitutional instruments were handed over to Premier Patrick John by Princess Margaret. She retired from the civil service in December 1978.
Davis Pierre was appointed as Speaker of the House of Assembly by Prime Minister Eugenia Charles in August 1980 under the Dominica Freedom Party administration. She was the first woman to hold the role and served in the position until December 1988. She wrote the Standing Order of the House of Assembly in 1986.

## Personal life

Davis Pierre was a devout Catholic and served as a catechist and member of the Roseau Cathedral Cathedral choir for 56 years.

## Death

Davis Pierre died on 24 May 2014, aged 96. The Government of Dominica declared Wednesday, 4 June 2014, the day of her funeral, an official day of mourning. Her funeral was held at the St. Gerard’s Hall Chapel and she was buried at Roseau Roman Catholic Cemetery.