OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hippopotamus creutzburgi

Hippopotamus creutzburgi, the Cretan dwarf hippopotamus, is an extinct species of hippopotamus from the island of Crete. It lived on the island from the Early Pleistocene to early Middle Pleistocene, and probably descended from Hippopotamus antiquus. It was considerably smaller than H. antiquus, weighing approximately 400 kilograms (880 lb), an example of insular dwarfism. It was one of only two large herbivores on the island during its existence, alongside the dwarf mammoth Mammuthus creticus, with large predators being absent, the only other species of mammal present on the island being the giant rat Kritimys. It is known from abundant remains collected from the Katharo basin in the eastern uplands of Crete, approximately 1,100–1,200 metres (3,600–3,900 ft) above sea level, as well as much rarer remains found in coastal caves. Analysis of its limbs suggests that it was more adapted to terrestrial locomotion than living hippopotamus, primarily walking on its hooves rather than its footpads as in living hippopotamus, and capable of traversing the rugged terrain of Crete. Analysis of its teeth suggests that it had a grazing diet, similar to modern Hippopotamus amphibius. The previous suggestion that the species can be divided into two subspecies is not supported by modern research.
The first remains of the species were described in 1845 by Richard Owen. They were subsequently subject to a long and convoluted taxonomic history, before the species name H. creutzburgi was coined by Boekschoten & Sondaar in 1966.
# Peter Jordan (actor)

Peter Jordan (born 26 April 1967) is a German actor. He appeared in more than seventy films since 1995.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2004 | The Runaway | Walter | Short |
| 2008 | What if Death Do Us Part? [de] | Hanns Dunkel | |
| 2008 | Robert Zimmermann Is Tangled Up in Love | Karsten | |
| 2008 | Sheep and Chips [de] | Fuchs | |
| 2009 | Soul Kitchen | | |
| 2012 | Die Kirche bleibt im Dorf | Dieter Osterioh | |
| 2015 | Amour Fou | Adam Müller | |
# Localization and Urbanization Economies

Localization and Urbanization Economies are two types of external economies of scale, or agglomeration economies. External economies of scale result from an increase in the productivity of an entire industry, region, or economy due to factors outside of an individual company. There are three sources of external economies of scale: input sharing, labor market pooling, and knowledge spillovers (Marshall, 1920).
Localization economies occur when an increase in the size of an industry in a city leads to an increase in productivity of a particular activity. Alfred Marshall (1920) introduced the idea that the localization of industry can increase productivity in his book Principles of Economics. The highly concentrated high tech industry in Silicon Valley exemplifies industrial localization. Although the cost of labor and land in Silicon Valley is very high, high tech firms continue to locate there because of the added benefit they receive from their proximity to a high-skilled labor pool. The size of the high tech industry, creates positive externalities for each firm located in Silicon Valley.
Urbanization economies arise when the size of the city leads to an increase in productivity. Los Angeles exemplifies urbanization economies in that it has no single dominant industry, yet continues to grow. Firms which locate in Los Angeles benefit from the common resources and large labor pool found in the city. Common resources such as roads, buildings and power supply benefit firms in cities regardless of their industry. Also, firms have better access to labor by locating in cities. The urban environment creates positive externalities that benefit several different industries. Jane Jacobs is often credited with the idea that urban diversity and a city’s size leads to agglomeration economies. However, Marshall’s (1920) discussion of urban diversity predates her work.
# Persulfide

In chemistry, persulfide refers to the functional group R-S-S-H. Persulfides are intermediates in the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur proteins and are invoked as precursors to hydrogen sulfide, a signaling molecule.

## Nomenclature

The nomenclature used for organosulfur compounds is often non-systematic. Sometimes persulfides are called hydrodisulfides to further avoid confusion with disulfides with the grouping R-S-S-R, by emphasizing the presence of an H at one end of a disulfide bond.

## Properties

Compared to thiols (R-S-H), persulfides are uncommon. They are thermodynamically unstable with respect to loss of elemental sulfur:
    RSSH → RSH + 1/8 S$_8$
Nonetheless, persulfides are often kinetically stable.
The S-H bond is both more acidic and more fragile than in thiols. This can be seen in the bond dissociation energy of a typical persulfide, which is 22 kcal/mol weaker than a typical thiol, and the lower pK$_a$ of about 6.2 for persulfides compared to 7.5 for thiols. Thus, persulfides exist predominantly in the ionized form at neutral pH. This effect is attributed to the stability of the RSS· radical.

## Structure and reactions

The structure of trityl persulfide has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The S-S bond length is 204 picometers and the C-S-S-H dihedral angle is 82°. These parameters are unexceptional. (C$_6$H$_5$)$_3$CSSH behaves as a source of sulfur, illustrated by its reaction with triphenylphosphine to give triphenylphosphine sulfide and triphenylmethanethiol:
    (C$_6$H$_5$)$_3$CSSH + P(C$_6$H$_5$)$_3$ → (C$_6$H$_5$)$_3$CSH + SP(C$_6$H$_5$)$_3$

## Biosynthetic and catabolic roles

The cofactors 4-thiouridine and thiamine are produced by the action of persulfides. Cystathionase generates the persulfide of cysteine (sometimes called thiocysteine) from cystine.
Persulfides have been invoked as intermediates in the biodegradation of carbon disulfide and mercaptopyruvate.
# Peter Abbott (footballer)

Peter Ashley Abbott (born 1 October 1953) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League, as a forward.
# Mario Lanza Live at Hollywood Bowl: Historical Recordings (1947 & 1951)

Mario Lanza Live at the Hollywood Bowl: Historical Recordings (1947 & 1951) is a 2000 CD, released by the Gala label (GL 311), includes the six selections that tenor Mario Lanza sang at his first Hollywood Bowl concert on August 27, 1947. This is the performance that first brought Lanza to the attention of Hollywood, and shortly afterwards he was signed to a seven-year film contract with MGM. Included from the performance at the Bowl are six arias, three of them in duet with soprano Frances Yeend. Eugene Ormandy conducts the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra for these performances.
Reviewing the concert in the Los Angeles Examiner, Ernest Lonsdale wrote that, "Mario Lanza could have taken the Bowl with him. [His] voice is rich, full, warm and ringing. He has expression, emotion and good pronunciation. His operatic potentialities, if he works hard for a few more years, are unmistakably great."
In addition to the six classical selections from the Bowl, this album included fourteen recordings from The Mario Lanza Show radio broadcasts. These songs were introduced by Mario Lanza and his regular announcer, Bill Baldwin. They include three Neapolitan songs, his million-selling hits, several of his evergreen popular songs, and the aria "O paradiso". Ray Sinatra served as conductor on these radio broadcasts taped between June and September 1951.

## Track listing

* "Una furtiva lagrima" – (Gaetano Donizetti: L'elisir d'amore) – 4:57 (Bowl)
* "Un dì all'azzurro spazio" – (Umberto Giordano: Andrea Chénier) – 4:45 (Bowl)
* "E lucevan le stelle" – (Giacomo Puccini: Tosca) – 3:17 (Bowl)
* "Parigi, o cara" (duet with Frances Yeend) – (Giuseppe Verdi: La traviata) – 5:25 (Bowl)
* "Vogliatemi bene, un bene piccolino" (duet with Frances Yeend) – (Giacomo Puccini: Madama Butterfly) – 6:56 (Bowl)
* "O soave fanciulla" (duet with Frances Yeend) – (Giacomo Puccini: La bohème) – 4:04 (Bowl)
* "Funiculì, Funiculà" – (Luigi Denza, Giuseppe Turco) – 2:30 (Radio)
* "My Song, My Love" – (Gerda Beilson, Beelby) – 3:45 (Radio)
* "Diane" – (Ernö Rapée, Lew Pollack) – 3:33 (Radio)
* "Thine Alone" – (Victor Herbert, Henry Blossom) – 3:06 (Radio)
* "'A vucchella" – (Paolo Tosti, Gabriele D'Annunzio) – 2:59 (Radio)
* "Toselli's Serenade" (Serenata 'Rimpianto' Op. 6, No. 1) – (Enrico Toselli, Alfredo Silvestri) – 3:59 (Radio)
* "Because You're Mine" – (Nicholas Brodszky, Sammy Cahn) – 2:31 (Radio)
* "The Loveliest Night of the Year" – (Juventino P. Rosas, Irving Aaronson, Paul Francis Webster) – 3:25 (Radio)
* "O Paradiso" – (Giacomo Meyerbeer: L'Africaine) – 3:36 (Radio)
* "The Rosary" – (Ethelbert Nevin) – 2:53 (Radio)
* "If (They Made Me a King)" – (Tolchard Evans, Robert Hargreaves, Stanley Damerell) – 3:28 (Radio)
* "They Didn't Believe Me" – (Jerome Kern, Herbert Reynolds) – 4:57 (Radio)
* "The Lord's Prayer" – (Albert Hay Malotte) – 3:35 (Radio)
* "Be My Love" – (Nicholas Brodszky, Sammy Cahn) – 3:05 (Radio)
# Mark Phythian

Mark John Phythian (born 26 April 1985) is an English cricketer. Phythian is a right-handed batsman who fields as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire and educated at Oundle School.
While studying for his degree at Durham University, Phythian made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Somerset in 2005. He made six further first-class appearances for the university, the last of which came against Lancashire in 2007. In his seven first-class matches, he scored 158 runs at an average of 22.57, with a high score of 62 not out. Behind the stumps he took 15 catches and made a single stumping. His highest score of 62, which was his only first-class fifty, came against Nottinghamshire in 2006.
# Logisticus rostratus

Logisticus rostratus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Waterhouse in 1878.
# Peter Powell (kite maker)

Peter Trevor Powell (29 June 1932 – 3 January 2016) was a British kite maker who developed a steerable kite in 1972, using dual lines. The kite that made him famous is known as the "Peter Powell Stunter". It became an international bestselling kite in 1976. Very early on, Powell's kites had spars made of ramin (Gonystylus) which were later replaced with aluminium tubing and, later still, by glass fibre spars. Originally they all came with black plastic sails, though later blue, red and yellow sails became available. The kites came with a long, hollow polyethylene tail that was inflated by the wind. The tail added stability as well as looking good when performing stunts.

## Early life

He was born in Gloucester, England. His parents toured with an Ideal Home Exhibition show and he served in the Royal Air Force where he trained as a mechanic and maintained Gloster Meteor aircraft. He then ran a business with his brother painting road markings.

## Kite production

After Powell developed the "Peter Powell Stunter", he was producing and selling about 300 kites a week. This changed when the kite was featured on an episode of the BBC News and current affairs television programme Nationwide. Demand for the kites soared to 25,000 a week. Two factories were opened, followed by a further three with production reaching 75,000 a week.
Powell won the silver diploma for his kite at the Exhibition of New Inventions and Techniques in Geneva in 1975. In 1976, the Peter Powell kite was elected toy of the year by the British Association of Toy Retailers. Millions of kites were sold as flying steerable kites became a craze. The popularity of all types of multiple-line kite flying today can be attributed directly to Powell's development of a modern dual-line kite.
Powell often took his kites around the country and sold them from the back of his car. In 1974 (approx) he was selling them on Paignton sea front for £10 each. He advertised by simply flying the kites
Several decades later, as other companies created similar products, his sales declined and the company tottered on the brink. One day, according to an account from his sons, "Dad had been round all the factories, collected all their jigs for making the kite and he had a big bonfire and burnt everything to do with the kite. 'He said to me and Paul, whatever you do, do not start that business back up again.'"
However, in 2014, Powell and his sons Mark and Paul reopened a Kite store at the Cheltenham Shopping Centre focusing on a MKIII version of the kite.

## Personal

On 3 January 2016, he died at the age of 83 after a stroke at his home in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. He has two sons, Mark and Paul who carry on his kite legacy.
# Maumee Township, Allen County, Indiana

Maumee Township is one of twenty townships in Allen County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,620.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Maumee Township covers an area of 26.69 square miles (69.13 km$^2$); of this, 26.37 square miles (68.30 km$^2$) is land and 0.32 square miles (0.83 km$^2$), or 1.19 percent, is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Woodburn

### Unincorporated towns

* Bluecast at 41°09′15″N 84°52′10″W﻿ / ﻿41.154216°N 84.869408°W﻿ / 41.154216; -84.869408
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Scipio Township (north)
* Carryall Township, Paulding County, Ohio (northeast)
* Harrison Township, Paulding County, Ohio (east)
* Jackson Township (south)
* Jefferson Township (southwest)
* Milan Township (west)
* Springfield Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains Diehl Cemetery.

### Major highways

* US 24
* SR 101

## School districts

* East Allen County Schools

## Political districts

* Indiana's 3rd congressional district
* State House District 79
* State Senate District 14
# Stephen Boyle (disambiguation)

Stephen Boyle (born 1953) is an Australian footballer.
Stephen Boyle may also refer to:
* Sir Stephen Gurney Boyle, 5th Baronet (born 1962) of the Boyle baronets
* Steve Boyle (rugby union) (born 1953), British rugby player
* Steve Boyle (boxer) (born 1962), British lightweight boxer
# Oberland am Rennsteig

Oberland am Rennsteig is a former municipality in the Sonneberg district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 31 December 2013, it is part of the town Sonneberg.
# Hurtsville, Virginia

Hurtsville is an unincorporated community in Appomattox County, Virginia, United States.
# Eun-jae

Eun-jae is a Korean unisex given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 30 hanja with the reading "eun" and 26 hanja with the reading "jae" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names.
Fictional characters with this name include:
* Cha Eun-jae, in 2005 South Korean television series Only You
* Goo Eun-jae, in 2008 South Korean television series Temptation of Wife
* Lee Eun-jae, in 2011 South Korean television series Can't Lose
* Yoo Eun-jae, in 2012 South Korean television series Wild Romance
* Cha Eun-jae, in 2020 South Korean television series Dr. Romantic 2
# Metal Fatigue

Metal fatigue is the initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading.
Metal Fatigue may also refer to:
* Metal Fatigue (album), a 1985 album by Allan Holdsworth.
* Metal Fatigue (novel), a 1996 science fiction novel by Sean Williams.
* Metal Fatigue (video game), a 2000 real-time strategy video game by Zono Incorporated.
# Help Crafter

Help Crafter is a Macintosh-based help authoring tool published by US-based company Putercraft LLC. It outputs a native Mac help bundle to be included in Mac applications.
The latest release is version 2.0. It is available from the Apple App Store.

## Description

Help Crafter is a help authoring tool for Macintosh desktop applications. It allows users to create individual pages using its text editor, and organize pages in a tree structure. Each page can contain keywords and an abstract that allows users to find content anywhere in the Apple Help Viewer system application.
# Help (Thee Oh Sees album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Altsounds | 84% link |
| The Austin Chronicle | link |
| Insound | (very positive) link |
| Pitchfork Media | (8.0/10) link |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | link |
Help is the eighth studio album by the American garage rock band Osees, released on April 28, 2009, on In the Red Records. It was the band's second album to be released under the name Thee Oh Sees.
# Helen Scott Hay

Helen Scott Hay (January 6, 1869 — November 25, 1932) was an American Red Cross nurse and nursing educator, working in Kiev and Sofia during World War I. She was awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal by the International Red Cross Society for her contributions.

## Early life and education

Helen Scott Hay was born near Lanark, Illinois, the daughter of George Hay and Agnes Pennington Hay. Her father was an immigrant from Scotland. She attended Savanna High School in Savanna, Illinois, studied literature at Northwestern University, and earned her registered nurse degree at the Illinois Training School for Nurses in Chicago, in 1895.

## Career

Hay was superintendent at Pasadena Hospital nurses' training program in California in 1905 and 1906, and chaired the Pasadena branch of the Los Angeles County Nurses' Association. She was a member of the council of the California State Nurses' Association, and an associate editor of the Nurses' Journal of the Pacific Coast, a quarterly publication. She was also head nurse at the Iowa State Hospital for the Insane in her early career.
She served as superintendent of the Illinois Training School for Nurses, and as nursing superintendent at Cook County Hospital, from 1906 to 1912. She went to Europe with the American Red Cross in 1914, leading a group of American nurses with Jane Delano. From 1914 to 1915 she was matron of the American Red Cross hospital in Kiev; she described meeting Nicholas II of Russia for a Red Cross magazine. She went to Bulgaria to help establish and lead a nurses' training school there, at the invitation of the Tsaritsa, Eleonore Reuss of Köstritz.
In 1917 she was named Director of the Bureau of Nursing Instruction for the American Red Cross, and she helped to organize the U. S. Army School of Nursing in Washington, D.C. She was assigned as Chief Nurse of the Balkans Commission of the American Red Cross in 1918. In 1919 she was at Philippopolis supervising war relief work. In 1920 she succeeded Alice Fitzgerald in Paris as Chief Nurse of the Red Cross Commission in Europe. In 1921, she laid the first stone at the dedication of the American Nurses' Memorial in Bordeaux, France. She was awarded a Florence Nightingale Medal for her work. She was also awarded the Gold Cross of St. Anna in Russia, and the Bulgarian Royal Red Cross.

## Later life and legacy

Helen Scott Hay returned to the United States in 1922, to care for an ailing brother. She was, for one school year, principal of Savanna High School. In 1923, she was awarded an honorary doctorate by her alma mater, Northwestern University. She died in 1932, in Savanna, Illinois, aged 63 years. In 1970 the American Legion, the Carroll County Historical Society and the Illinois State Historical Society placed a historical marker in Savanna about Helen Scott Hay. In 2017, state representative Tony McCombie read a tribute to Hay on the floor of the Illinois House of Representatives, marking National Women's Month.
# Los Naranjos, Chiriquí

Los Naranjos is a corregimiento in Boquete District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 98.9 square kilometres (38.2 sq mi) and had a population of 4,596 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 46.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (120/sq mi). It was created by Law 58 of July 29, 1998, owing to the Declaration of Unconstitutionality of Law 1 of 1982. Its population as of 2000 was 4,455.
# Los Mármoles National Park

Los Mármoles National Park is a protected natural area in northeastern Mexico. It is located in the western Sierra Madre Oriental of northern Hidalgo.

## Geography

The national park has an area of 231.5 km$^2$. It is located in the municipality of Zimapán, northeast of the town.
The park lies between the Sierra Gorda and the Sierra de Pachuca, and is part of a chain of mountains that extend north–south to the west of the main chain of the Sierra Madre. The highest peak in the park is Cerro Cangando at 3,000 meters elevation. The lowest elevations are in the Barranca San Vicente, a ravine which descends to 600 meters elevation and drains into the Moctezuma River.
The climate is temperate subhumid across most of the park, and semiwarm subhumid at lower elevations. Summer is the rainy season, with average annual rainfall ranging from 1500 mm to 450 mm in the driest areas. The park is mostly in the rain shadow of the Sierra Madre Oriental.

## Flora and fauna

The main plant communities in the park are pine forest and oak forest, with areas of pine–oak forest, juniper forest and woodland, and dry (xeric) scrubland. Oak forests occur at mid-elevations, and the predominant species are Quercus crassifolia, Quercus laeta, Quercus mexicana, and Quercus affinis. The pine forests are of two main types, a Pinus cembroides–Juniperus deppeana association, and the other consisting of Pinus greggii, Pinus teocote, Pinus patula, and Pinus pseudostrobus. Xeric scrub is found in the low ravines, and common plants include Acacia berlandieri, Caesalpinia mexicana, Dalea bicolor, Karwinskia humboldtiana, Mimosa aculeaticarpa, and Senna racemosa.
There are is a rich diversity of oaks in the park, with 18 native species. The most common are Quercus affinis, Quercus crassifolia, Quercus laeta, and Quercus mexicana.
The park is home to 11 species of bats, and is considered an important site in Mexico for bat conservation. Species include the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus), Aztec fruit-eating bat (Dermanura azteca), lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae), California myotis (Myotis californicus), southwestern myotis (Myotis auriculus), hoary bat (Aeorestes cinereus), and desert red bat (Lasiurus blossevillii). Other native mammals include the ringtail (Bassariscus astutus). Native birds include the white-eared hummingbird (Basilinna leucotis). Native reptiles include the lagarto alicante del Popocatepetl (Barisia imbricata) and the spiny lizard Sceloporus minor.

## Conservation

Los Mármoles was declared a national park in 1936 by President Lázaro Cárdenas.
# Peter Power

Peter Power may refer to:
* Peter Power (politician) (born 1966), Irish politician
* Peter Power (crisis management specialist) (born 1951), British
# Lightning Ridge Airport

Lightning Ridge Airport (IATA: LHG, ICAO: YLRD) is an airport located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) south southwest of Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air Link | Walgett |
# Lilongwe City North Constituency

Lilongwe City North Constituency is a constituency for the National Assembly of Malawi, located in the Lilongwe District of Malawi's Central Region. It is one of 22 constituencies in Lilongwe District. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system. The constituency has 4 wards, all electing councilors for the Lilongwe District. In 2009, the member of parliament who represented the constituency was Jolly Saweta Dyson Kalelo.

## Members of parliament

| Elections | MP | Party | Notes | References |
| 2009 | Jolly Saweta Dyson Kalelo | DPP | Multi-party system | |