OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# No. 530 Squadron RAF

No. 530 Squadron RAF was one of the ten Turbinlite nightfighter squadrons of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

## History

No. 530 Squadron was formed at RAF Hunsdon, Hertfordshire on 8 September 1942, from No. 1451 (Turbinlite) Flight, as part of No. 11 Group RAF in Fighter Command. Instead of operating only Turbinlite and -rudimentary- Airborne Intercept (AI) radar equipped aircraft (Havocs and Bostons) and working together with a normal nightfighter unit, such as with 3 Squadron in the Flight, the unit now also flew with their own Hawker Hurricanes. It was disbanded at Hunsdon on 25 January 1943, when Turbinlite squadrons were, due to lack of success on their part and the rapid development of AI radar, thought to be superfluous.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by no. 530 Squadron RAF, data from :
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
| 8 September 1942 | 25 January 1943 | Douglas Havoc | Mks.I, II |
| 8 September 1942 | 25 January 1943 | Douglas Boston | Mks.II, III |
| 8 September 1942 | 25 January 1943 | Hawker Hurricane | Mk.IIc |

## Squadron bases

Bases and airfields used by no. 530 Squadron RAF, data from :
| From | To | Base |
| 8 September 1942 | 25 January 1943 | RAF Hunsdon, Hertfordshire |

## Commanding officers

Officers commanding no. 530 Squadron RAF, data from :
| From | To | Name |
| 8 September 1942 | 25 January 1943 | S/Ldr. C.M. Miller, DFC |
# Mikhail Shlyomovich Birman

Mikhail Shlyomovich Birman (Russian: Михаил Шлёмович Бирман; born 17 January 1928 in Leningrad; died 2 July 2009) was a Russian mathematician and university professor. His research included functional analysis, partial differential equations and mathematical physics. In particular, he did research in the fields of scattering theory, operators in Hilbert spaces and the spectral theory of differential operators.
Together with Mikhail Zakharovich Solomyak he developed the theory of double operator integrals.

## Life

Birman was born in 1928 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) to a father that was a professor and specialist in theoretical mechanics and a mother that was a school teacher. During the Second World War the family fled to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg). After the war the family went back to Leningrad. In 1950 Birman graduated from the Mathematical-Mechanical Faculty of Leningrad University with a diploma. Although Birman was one of the best students, he was denied a doctorate at Leningrad University because of his Jewish origins and the state antisemitic policy of the time. In 1947 he married Tatyana Petrovna Ilyina. Eventually in 1954 he did his doctorate at the Leningrad Mining University.
In 1956 he joined the Department of Mathematical Physics at the Physics Faculty of Leningrad University. In 1962 he received a Sc.D. (Doctor of Science) for his work The Spectrum of Singular Boundary Value Problems. In 1974 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Vancouver, but was prohibited to leave the Soviet Union.
Birman was the supervisor for more than 20 students, including Boris Pavlov and Timo Weidl. He was also editor of the Russian mathematics journals "Algebra i Analiz" and "Funktsional'Nyi Analiz i Ego Prilozheniya". He remained in the Department of Mathematical Physics at Saint Petersburg University until his death in 2009.

## Scientific work

Birman wrote three monographs, six books and over 160 scholarly papers.

### Books (selection)

* Birman, M. Sh.; Vilenkin, N. Ya.; Gorin, E. A. (1972). Functional analysis (in Russian). Nauka.
* Birman, M. Sh.; Solomyak, M. Z. (1980). Spectral theory of selfadjoint operators in Hilbert space (in Russian). Leningrad. Univ.
* Birman, M. Sh.; Solomyak, M. Z. Quantitative Analysis in Sobolev Imbedding Theorems and Applications to Spectral Theory. Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. Ser. 2. Vol. 114. American Mathematical Society.

## Literature

* Buslaev, V. S.; Vershik, A. M. (2000). "Mikhail Shlyomovich Birman (on his 70th birthday)". Russian Mathematical Surveys. 55 (1): 201. doi:10.1070/RM2000v055n01ABEH000266. S2CID 250826373.
* Solomyak, M. Z.; Suslina, T. A.; Yafaew, D. R. (2012). "On the mathematical work of M. Sh. Birman" (PDF). St. Petersburg Mathematical Journal. 23 (1): 1–38. doi:10.1090/S1061-0022-2011-01184-7. S2CID 119595913.
# Mike Sepso

Michael Sepso (born June 25, 1972) is an American video game, media and technology entrepreneur and currently co-founder and CEO of Vindex, a gaming and esports technology infrastructure business. He is the co-founder of Major League Gaming, a professional esports league and media company acquired by video game publisher Activision Blizzard in December 2015
Major League Gaming (MLG), is a professional esports organization. Sepso and co-founder Sundance DiGiovanni founded MLG in 2002.

## Life and career
### Major League Gaming

Major League Gaming, or MLG, is arguably the first professional esports organization. Headquartered in New York City, New York, MLG holds official video game tournaments throughout the United States and Canada. MLG's aim from its founding was to bring computer and console game competitions to the level of spectator sports in terms of competition and production value.
Early on, MLG was kept afloat exclusively through financing from its founders. In 2006, Oak Investment Partners, a local venture capital firm, invested in MLG and by 2012 it had invested nearly $60 million in the league.
In 2006, MLG broadcast their Halo 2 Pro Series on USA Network as the TV program Boost Mobile MLG Pro Circuit. With the broadcast, MLG became the first televised video game console gaming league in the United States. The Boost Mobile MLG Pro Circuit ran until 2007, and was also featured on ESPN.com, and other sites.
In 2013, MLG.tv, MLG's website, launched video streaming. The online-only platform was one of the first for streaming esports, closely following the spinoff from Justin.tv into Twitch.tv in the summer of 2011. Sepso said of MLG.tv, which would later be a driving factor in Activision Blizzad’s acquisition of the company: “The past two or three years started to explode because of online video. While we early on did bring MLG to television, the reality is our audience lives online.”
In October of 2014, MLG opened the MLG.tv Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The 14,000 square feet arena is located near the Easton Town Center and the campus of Ohio State University. MLG.tv arena’s first live event was the MLG Pro League Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare Season 3 Playoffs.
# Norm (artificial intelligence)

Norms can be considered from different perspectives in artificial intelligence to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behaviour.
In artificial intelligence and law, legal norms are considered in computational tools to automatically reason upon them. In multi-agent systems (MAS), a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), a norm is a guide for the common conduct of agents, thereby easing their decision-making, coordination and organization.
Since most problems concerning regulation of the interaction of autonomous agents are linked to issues traditionally addressed by legal studies, and since law is the most pervasive and developed normative system, efforts to account for norms in artificial intelligence and law and in normative multi-agent systems often overlap.

## Artificial intelligence and law

With the arrival of computer applications into the legal domain, and especially artificial intelligence applied to it, logic has been used as the major tool to formalize legal reasoning and has been developed in many directions, ranging from deontic logics to formal systems of argumentation.
The knowledge base of legal reasoning systems usually includes legal norms (such as governmental regulations and contracts), and as a consequence, legal rules are the focus of knowledge representation and reasoning approaches to automatize and solve complex legal tasks. Legal norms are typically represented into a logic-based formalism, such a deontic logic.
Artificial intelligence and law applications using an explicit representation of norms range from checking the compliance of business processes and the automatic execution of smart contracts to legal expert systems advising people on legal matters.

## Multi-agent systems

Norms in multi-agent systems may appear with different degrees of explicitness ranging from fully unambiguous written prescriptions to implicit unwritten norms or tacit emerging patterns. Computer scientists’ studies mirror this polarity. Explicit norms are typically investigated in formal logics (e.g. deontic logics and argumentation) to represent and reason upon them, leading eventually to architecture for cognitive agents, while implicit norms are accounted as patterns emerging from repeated interactions amongst agents (typically reinforced learning agents). Explicit and implicit norms can be used together to coordinate agents.
Explicit norms are typically represented as a deontic statement that aims at regulating the life of software agents and the interactions among them. It can be an obligation, a permission or a prohibition, and is often represented with some dialect or extension of Deontic logic. At the opposite, implicit norms are social norms that are not written, and they usually emerge from the repetitive interactions of agents.
# Miklós Bóna

Miklós Bóna (born in Székesfehérvár) is an American mathematician of Hungarian origin.
Bóna completed his undergraduate studies in Budapest and Paris, then obtained his Ph.D. at MIT in 1997 as a student of Richard P. Stanley. Since 1999, he has taught at the University of Florida, where in 2010 he was inducted to the Academy of Distinguished Teaching Scholars.
Bóna's main fields of research include the combinatorics of permutations, as well as enumerative and analytic combinatorics. Since 2010, he has been one of the editors-in-chief of the Electronic Journal of Combinatorics.

## Books

* Miklós Bóna (2016). A Walk Through Combinatorics. Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN 978-9814460002.
* Miklós Bóna (2012). Combinatorics of Permutations. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press & Chapman Hall. ISBN 978-1439850510.
* Miklós Bóna (2012). Introduction to Enumerative Combinatorics. Boston: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0073125619. Bona (2006). pbk 1st edition. McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. ISBN 978-0070616110. Bona, Miklos (2007). hbk 1st edition. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-312561-9.
* Miklós Bóna and Sergei Shabanov (2012). Concepts in Calculus. Gainesville, FL: Orange Grove Texts Plus. ISBN 978-1616101701.
* Miklós Bóna, ed. (2015). Handbook of Enumerative Combinatorics. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press & Chapman Hall. ISBN 9781482220858.
* Miklós Bóna (2015). Introduction to Enumerative and Analytic Combinatorics. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press & Chapman Hall. ISBN 978-1482249095.
# Noble Quran

Noble Quran may refer to:
* Quran, the original Arabic version
* Noble Quran (Hilali–Khan), a translation of the Quran by Muhammad Muhsin Khan and Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali
# Julie Brodtkorb

Julie Brodtkorb, formerly married Voldberg (born 29 October 1974 in Trondheim) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
She graduated with the siv.øk. degree from the Norwegian School of Economics in 1999. After spending one year as a trainee in Geelmuyden Kiese from 2000 to 2001, she was hired as political adviser for the Conservative Party parliamentary caucus. In 2005 she was promoted to communications director, and in 2009 further to chief of staff for Erna Solberg. She left her job in 2010 to become communications director in Kristiania Eiendomsforvaltning, at the same time becoming leader of the Conservative Party Women's Forum. After being the chief executive officer of communications bureau JKL from 2012 to 2013 she was hired as a State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister as a part of Solberg's Cabinet.
She was active in the Young Conservatives in Trondheim in the early 1990s, and later leader of the Conservative Party branch in Aremark from 2005 to 2006. Here, she lived on a farm belonging to her then-husband Tore Aksel Voldberg. After marrying in 2004, the couple mostly lived at Skøyen Manor. They divorced in 2010. She was elected to office for the first time in 2011, when winning seats in both Ullern borough council and Oslo city council.
She has been in a relationship with William Nygaard in 2013. She was married with Thore Kristiansen from April 2017 to June 2018. On 18 March 2014 she spoke in support of gender equality in economics.
# Juliana Stein

Juliana Scotá Stein (born in Passo Fundo - RS, 1970) is a visual artist and photographer. She graduated in Psychology from Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) in 1992 and lived in Florence and Venice where she studied art. She continued to work with photography during the 1990s, developing her craft.
Stein's work is based in experimentation and poetic reading, leading to a reflection on the production process and rendering of the final image. She has achieved critical success in Brazil and abroad, participating in the 29th Bienal de São Paulo and joining the Latin American pavilion at the 55th Bienal de Veneza in 2013.

## Exhibitions

* 2000 – III Bienal Internacional de Fotografia Cidade de Curitiba, Brasil
* 2010 – 29º Bienal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
* 2013 – 55. Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte la Biennale di Venezia, Veneza, Itália
* 2014 – Darkest Water, Crone Galerie, Berlim, Alemanha
* 2018 – It’s not clear until the night falls, Museu Oscar Niemeyer, Brasil
* 2018 – Bienal Mercosul, Porto Alegre, Brasil

## Awards

* 2001 – Itaú Cultural

## Collections

* Museu Oscar Niemeyer, Curitiba, Brasil
* Museu da Fotografia de Braga, Braga, Portugal
* Museu de Arte Contemporânea, Curitiba, Brasil
* Museum of 21 Century, Langenlois, Austria
* Fundação Cultural de Curitiba, Curitiba, Brasil
# Julian Patrick

Julian Patrick (26 October 1927 – 8 May 2009) was an American operatic baritone and voice teacher. Born in Mississippi, Patrick grew up in Birmingham, Alabama where he was a member of the Apollo Boys Choir. After graduating from the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, he began his professional career as a musical theatre performer in the 1950s; appearing in the original Broadway productions of The Golden Apple (1954), Bells Are Ringing (1956), Juno (1959), Once Upon a Mattress (1959), and Fiorello! (1959). He also studied singing privately in New York City with Cornelius L. Reid.
After the 1950s Patrick worked mainly as a performer in operas, making appearances at the Dallas Opera, the De Nederlandse Opera, the Grand Théâtre de Genève, the Houston Grand Opera, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Metropolitan Opera, the Opéra national du Rhin, the San Francisco Opera, the Vienna Volksoper, and the Welsh National Opera among other major opera houses. In 1968 he starred as Private Don Hanwell in the world premiere of Hugo Weisgall's Nine Rivers from Jordan at the New York City Opera. He was particularly active with the Seattle Opera where he notably created the role of George Milton in the world premiere of Carlisle Floyd's Of Mice and Men in 1970. He also taught on the music faculty of the University of Washington for many years and sang Alberich in the Seattle Opera performances of Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung, being declared by the Seattle Opera General Director Speight Jenkins as "the world's greatest living 'Alberich.'" He died at the age of 81 while on vacation in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He was survived by his life partner of 56 years, Donn Talenti.
# Kolarovo, Blagoevgrad Province

Kolarovo is a village in Petrich Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. As of 2013, it had a population of 1826.
# Kolari mine

The Kolari mine is a large iron mine located in northern Finland in the Lapland. Kolari represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Finland and in the world having estimated reserves of 500 million tonnes of ore grading 35% iron metal.
# Nogaro

Nogaro (French pronunciation:; Gascon: Nogaròu) is a commune in the Gers department, Southwestern France. It is the site of a distillery of Armagnac brandy.

## Geography

The commune is bordered by six other communes: Caupenne-d'Armagnac to the northwest, Sainte-Christie-d'Armagnac to the northeast, Loubédat to the east, Sion to the southeast, Urgosse to the south, and finally by Arblade-le-Haut to the west.

## Facilities

Nogaro is the site of Circuit Paul Armagnac, a motorsport race track, and the neighbouring Nogaro Aerodrome.

## Notable people

The historian and palaeographer Charles Samaran (1879–1982) died in Nogaro.
The chef and television host Michel Sarran was born in Nogaro.
The tennis player Tessah Andrianjafitrimo has lived in Nogaro since 2010.
# Nalankal Krishna Pillai

Nalankal Krishna Pillai (1910–1991) was a Malayalam-language poet and historian from Kerala, India. He received the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 1980 for the work Decemberile Manjuthullikal.

## Biography

He was born in 1910 in Olassa near Aymanam, Kottayam district, Travancore, British India as the son of Arakkal Kesava Pillai and Nalankal Janaki Amma. After completing his school education from Olessa and Kottayam, he obtained his graduate degree and masters from Training College and Trivandrum Arts College respectively. He worked as a teacher in various institutions and retired from the government service as Regional Deputy Director.
Most of Nalankal's poems deal with unhappy homeless poor who live in the streets. His Krishna Thulasi and other poems are written in the classical style. He received the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 1980 for the work Decemberile Manjuthullikal. He has also written books about the history of temples of Kerala, such as Navaratri, Kshetrapradakshinam and Mahakshetrangalude Munnil. The latter is a unique travel book in Malayalam, featuring almost all major temples in Kerala, their history, legends etc. It won him the Vyasa Award of Travancore Devaswam Board. A chronic diabetic, he died in 1991 after other age-related illnesses at the age of 81.

## Works

* " Ragonmadam"
* Krishna Tulsi
* Decemberile Manjuthullikal
* Ragatarangam
* Shokamudra
* Vasantakanti
* Ratna Kankanam
* Ambal Poyka
* Pookkuda
* Priyadarsini
* Sougandhikam
* Kasturi
* Sindoorarekha
* Udayagiri Chuvannu
* Navaratri (History)
* Kshetrapradakshinam (History)
* Mahakshetrangalude Munnil (History)
* Sardar Patel (Biography)
* Jawaharlal Nehru (Biography)
* Stalin (Biography)
# Magnopholcomma

Magnopholcomma is a monotypic genus of comb-footed spiders containing the single species, Magnopholcomma globulus. It was first described by J. Wunderlich in 2008, and is found in Queensland.
Only the male has been described.
# Hilary Easton

Hilary Easton (born 1960) is a contemporary dance choreographer, director, dancer and educator. A native New Yorker, she holds both a BFA and MFA from New York University Tisch School of the Arts. She founded Hilary Easton + Company in 1992, which has been presented at venues including American Dance Festival, Danspace Project and Dance Theater Workshop. She is on the faculty of The Juilliard School, where she teaches dance composition.

## Works

* Light and Shade
* The Reclamation, which opened the 2009 92Y-Harkness Dance Festival.
* Noise + Speed at The Danspace Project at St. Mark's Church
* It's All True, premiered at The Duke Theater
* The Short-Cut at The Danspace Project at St. Mark's Church
# Lake Lulu

Lake Lulu is a natural freshwater lake in Winter Haven, Florida. The lake has a 315-acre (1,270,000 m$^2$) surface area and has a somewhat irregular oval shape. It is bounded on the north and northeast by private residences. It has no eastern or western sides, as the lake's shore comes to a point on those two sides. At the eastern point, it is bounded by West Lake Eloise Drive and about 75 feet (23 m) beyond that is Lake Eloise. The entire south side of the lake is lined with a swampy area and a dense growth of trees.
On the northwest, Lake Lulu is bordered by the Chain of Lakes Complex. Part of this is the Chain of Lakes Park, which is on the south portion of the Chain of Lakes Complex. The entire south end of the complex consists of baseball fields. The Chain of Lakes Park is one particular baseball stadium that was built in 1966 to serve as the Boston Red Sox spring training facility. It was renovated in 1993 and the Cleveland Indians used the stadium for spring training until 2009. This stadium, located 225 feet (69 m) from the lake's shore, is no longer used for spring training.
Lake Lulu can be accessed by the public on the eastern point bordering on West Lake Eloise Drive and on the shore along the Chain of Lakes Complex. In theory, it can be accessed along the entire south side. This is very swampy and finding solid ground to walk to the lake is inadvisable. There are no public boat ramps or swimming areas on the lake's shore. However, Lake Lulu is part of the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes, and is accessible by boat from a number of area lakes via canal. Lake Lulu is directly connected by canal to Lake Shipp to the west and Lake Eloise and Lake Roy to the east. The Hook and Bullet website says Lake Lulu contains largemouth bass, bluegill and crappie.
# Gonatopodinae

Gonatopodinae are a subfamily of Dryinidae with wingless, ant-like females, but winged males. Females have a chela on each front leg. There are 17 genera, including Gonatopus.
# Penckbreen

Penckbreen is a glacier in Wedel Jarlsberg Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is named after German geographer Albrecht Penck. The glacier has a length of about 22 kilometers, and is situated west of the mountain ridge of Friherrefjella. Tributary glaciers are Suessbreen, Tirolarbreen and Sveitsarfonna.
# Handsome Poets

Handsome Poets is a Dutch indie pop band consisting of five members: Tim van Esch (lead singer), Daniel Smit (drummer), Nils Davidse (keyboard), Erik Bruil (guitar), and Ricardo Szabó (bass guitar). This group was founded in 2009 in Gouda.

## Discography
### Albums

* Handsome Poets (2011) (highest rank 13 on the Mega Top 50)
* Sky On Fire (2012)
* 2015 (2015)

### Singles

* Blinded (2010)
* Dance (The war is over) (2010)
* (We can't be) Saints (2011)
* Sky on fire (2012)
* New Life (2012)
* Alright (2013)