OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harrop formula

In intuitionistic logic, the Harrop formulae, named after Ronald Harrop, are the class of formulae inductively defined as follows:
* Atomic formulae are Harrop, including falsity (⊥);
* $A\wedge B$ is Harrop provided $A$ and $B$ are;
* $\neg F$ is Harrop for any well-formed formula $F$;
* $F\rightarrow A$ is Harrop provided $A$ is, and $F$ is any well-formed formula;
* $\forall x.A$ is Harrop provided $A$ is.
By excluding disjunction and existential quantification (except in the antecedent of implication), non-constructive predicates are avoided, which has benefits for computer implementation.

## Discussion

Harrop formulae are "well-behaved" also in a constructive context. For example, in Heyting arithmetic ${\mathsf {HA}}$, Harrop formulae satisfy a classical equivalence not generally satisfied in constructive logic:
    $\neg \neg A\leftrightarrow A.$
There are however $\Pi _{1}$-statements that are ${\mathsf {PA}}$-independent, meaning these are simple $\forall x.A$ statements for which excluded middle is not ${\mathsf {HA}}$-provable. Indeed, while intuitionistic logic proves $\neg \neg (P\lor \neg P)$ for any $P$, the disjunction will not be Harrop.

## Hereditary Harrop formulae and logic programming

A more complex definition of hereditary Harrop formulae is used in logic programming as a generalisation of Horn clauses, and forms the basis for the language λProlog. Hereditary Harrop formulae are defined in terms of two (sometimes three) recursive sets of formulae. In one formulation:
* Rigid atomic formulae, i.e. constants $r$ or formulae $r(t_{1},...,t_{n})$, are hereditary Harrop;
* $A\wedge B$ is hereditary Harrop provided $A$ and $B$ are;
* $\forall x.A$ is hereditary Harrop provided $A$ is;
* $G\rightarrow A$ is hereditary Harrop provided $A$ is rigidly atomic, and $G$ is a G-formula.
G-formulae are defined as follows:
* Atomic formulae are G-formulae, including truth(⊤);
* $A\wedge B$ is a G-formula provided $A$ and $B$ are;
* $A\vee B$ is a G-formula provided $A$ and $B$ are;
* $\forall x.A$ is a G-formula provided $A$ is;
* $\exists x.A$ is a G-formula provided $A$ is;
* $H\rightarrow A$ is a G-formula provided $A$ is, and $H$ is hereditary Harrop.

## History

Harrop formulae were introduced around 1956 by Ronald Harrop and independently by Helena Rasiowa. Variations of the fundamental concept are used in different branches of constructive mathematics and logic programming.
# Moosehead Pond Outlet

Moosehead Pond Outlet flows into the South Branch Grass River near Newbridge, New York.
# Doc Murray

David "Doc" Murray (born 10 August 1972) is a New Zealand rugby league coach and former player. His position of preference was as a fullback.

## New Zealand career

Murray started his rugby league career playing for the Ellerslie Eagles club in the Auckland Rugby League competition. Between 1993 and 1994 he was an Auckland representative (playing 5 games and scoring 2 tries and 4 goals) and was a Kiwi trialist in 1993. In 1994 he played for the Auckland City Vulcans in the Lion Red Cup before signing with the Auckland Warriors.
Murray made his début in the then Optus Cup for the Auckland Warriors in 1996, starting as a fullback. It was the only first grade appearance he was to make for the side that year. He toured Papua New Guinea with the New Zealand Māori.

## Later years

In 1997 he moved to England, signing a two-year contract with the prestigious Wigan Warriors. However he did not find a place in the first grade side and late in the season he was loaned to the Warrington Wolves. Murray then spent 1998 loaned to the Lancashire Lynx club in the second division. During this time, he also had some trials with rugby union club, the London Wasps.
He returned to New Zealand in 2000, playing one season with the Ngongotaha Chiefs in the Bartercard Cup. During the season he was again selected to represent New Zealand Māori.

## Coaching career

Between 2006 and 2008 Murray coached the Otumoetai Eels in the Bay of Plenty Rugby League competition.
# Odites atalanta

Odites atalanta is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Ferdinand Le Cerf in 1934. It is found in Morocco.
# Veentjer

Veentjer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Els Veentjer-Spruyt (born 1943), Dutch tennis player
* Jan Veentjer (1938–2020), Dutch field hockey player
# Lok Hong (constituency)

Lok Hong (Chinese: 樂康) is one of the 35 constituencies in the Eastern District, Hong Kong.
The constituency returns one district councillor to the Eastern District Council, with an election every four years. The seat was last held by Tsang Kin-shing of the LSD party since the 2019 election.
Lok Hong constituency is loosely based on the Shan Tsui Court, Neptune Terrace and Greenwood Terrace in Chai Wan with estimated population of 12,685.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1994 | Tsang Kin-shing | Democratic |
| 1999 | Chan Tat-keung | DAB |
| 2003 | Tsang Kin-shing | Independent |
| 2006 | Tsang Kin-shing | LSD |
| 2011 | Li Chun-chau | Independent |
| 2019 | Tsang Kin-shing→Vacant | LSD |

## Election results
### 2010s

Eastern District Council Election, 2019: Lok Hong :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | LSD | Tsang Kin-shing | 3,563 | 56.00 | +11.40 |
| | Nonpartisan | Li Chun-chau | 2,800 | 44.00 | −10.30 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 763 | 12.00 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,387 | 74.32 | |
| | LSD gain from Independent | LSD gain from Independent | Swing | | |
Eastern District Council Election, 2015: Lok Hong :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Nonpartisan | Li Chun-chau | 2,396 | 54.3 | +4.1 |
| | LSD | Tsang Kin-shing | 1,969 | 44.6 | –4.4 |
| | Nonpartisan | Lun Man-kit | 48 | 1.1 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 427 | 9.7 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,466 | 55.3 | |
| | Independent hold | Independent hold | Swing | +4.3 | |
Eastern District Council Election, 2011: Lok Hong :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Independent | Li Chun-chau | 1,916 | 50.2 | |
| LSD | Tsang Kin-shing | 1,871 | 49.0 | −7.8 |
| Independent | Lui Sin-yi | 32 | 0.8 | |
| Independent gain from LSD | Independent gain from LSD | Swing | | |

### 2000s

Eastern District Council Election, 2007: Lok Hong :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| LSD | Tsang Kin-shing | 1,912 | 56.8 | −4.8 |
| DAB | Wong Ka-wai | 1,454 | 43.2 | |
| LSD hold | LSD hold | Swing | | |
Eastern District Council Election, 2003: Lok Hong :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Independent | Tsang Kin-shing | 1,481 | 52.0 | +7.1 |
| Independent | Judy Tong Kei-yuk | 1,184 | 41.6 | |
| Independent | Lai Pit-shing | 182 | 6.4 | |
| Independent gain from DAB | Independent gain from DAB | Swing | | |

### 1990s

Eastern District Council Election, 1999: Lok Hong :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| DAB | Chan Tat-keung | 1,271 | 54.8 | |
| Democratic | Tsang Kin-shing | 1,042 | 44.9 | −19.5 |
| DAB gain from Democratic | DAB gain from Democratic | Swing | | |
Eastern District Board Election, 1994: Lok Hong :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Democratic | Tsang Kin-shing | 1,195 | 64.4 | |
| Liberal | Chung Siu-king | 630 | 34.0 | |
| Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) |
# Wollan Island

Wollan Island (66°25′S 66°38′W﻿ / ﻿66.417°S 66.633°W﻿ / -66.417; -66.633) is a dome-shaped, ice-capped island with conspicuous rock exposures on its northwest side, lying 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) north of Davidson Island in Crystal Sound. Mapped from surveys by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) (1958–59). Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Ernest O. Wollan, American physicist who used neutron diffraction to study the structure of ice.
# Gulpilhares e Valadares

Gulpilhares e Valadares is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Gulpilhares and Valadares. The population in 2011 was 22,019, in an area of 10.61 km².
# Gabriela Rivera

María Gabriela Rivera Corado (born 22 December 2001), known as Gabriela Rivera, is a Guatemalan tennis player.
On the juniors tour, Rivera has a career high ITF junior combined ranking of 35, achieved on 26 February 2018.
As of October 2021, she was ranked n. 1383 in the world by the WTA.
Rivera represents Guatemala in the Fed Cup.

## ITF Finals
### Singles: 1 title

| Result | W-L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1-0 | Sep 2022 | Cancun | 15,000 | Hard | Salma Ewing | 4-3 ret. |
# Tokudaiji family

The Tokudaiji family (徳大寺家, Tokudaiji-ke) is a Japanese aristocratic family descending from the Fujiwara clan. It is a sister house of the Sanjō family and the Saionji family. Its kuge family rank was seiga, the highest rank. After the Meiji Restoration, the family was appointed Marquess, and later, Duke. The family had a long tradition of playing the bamboo flute.

## Origins

The founder of the Tokudaiji family was Minister of the Left Tokudaiji Saneyoshi, the fourth son of Fujiwara no Kinsue. Saneyoshi had a mountain manor in Kinugasaoka, Kadono (currently Kita-ku, Kyoto), and built a Buddhist temple nearby, and called it Tokudaiji. Later, the manor came to be known as Tokudaiji, which Saneyoshi took as his family name.

## History

During the Edo period, the Tokudaiji kuge mansion was set up on the north side of Imadegawa Karasuma Higashiiri. The Kyoto Kazoku Kaikan was built on the site in the Meiji era, and after the war, it was acquired by Doshisha University and a library was built on the site. The front gate of the Tokudaiji mansion is the only remaining structure of the mansion.
The Tokudaiji family crest (mon) is one of the Japanese quince crests, the mokkō-karahanafusenryō. Tokudaiji is also known as the first family to use the Japanese quince crest, which has permeated all over Japan to the extent that it is now one of the ten major family crests in Japan.
Adopted children continued the family after bakumatsu. Since then, the head of the Tokudaiji family was the same as the head of Kan'in-no-miya branch of the Imperial Family of Japan.
After the Meiji Restoration, Tokudaiji Sanetsune was appointed Marquess in 1884, and later, Duke in 1911. Furthermore, Tokudaiji Tsunemaro, the third son of Sanetsune, separated from the family and was appointed Baron.

## Family heads

* Tokudaiji Saneyoshi (1096–1157)
* Tokudaiji Kinyoshi (1115–1161)
* Tokudaiji Sanesada (1139–1191)
* Tokudaiji Kintsugu (1175–1227)
* Tokudaiji Sanemoto (1194–1265)
* Tokudaiji Kintaka (1253–1305)
* Tokudaiji Sanetaka (1293–1322)
* Tokudaiji Kinkiyo (1312–1360)
* Tokudaiji Sanetoki (1338–1404)
* Tokudaiji Kintoshi (1371–1428)
* Tokudaiji Sanemori (1400–1428)
* Tokudaiji Kinari (1422–1486)
* Tokudaiji Saneatsu (1445–1533)
* Tokudaiji Kintane (1487–1526)
* Tokudaiji Sanemichi (1513–1545)
* Tokudaiji Kinfusa (1537–1588)
* Tokudaiji Sanehisa (1583–1616)
* Tokudaiji Kinnobu (1608–1684)
* Tokudaiji Sanefusa (1636–1682)
* Tokudaiji Kinmoto (1678–1719)
* Tokudaiji Sanenori (1713–1740)
* Tokudaiji Kinmura (1730–1782)
* Tokudaiji Sanemi (1754–1819)
* Tokudaiji Kinnari (1770–1811)
* Tokudaiji Sanekata (1790–1858)
* Tokudaiji Kin'ito (1821–1883)
* Tokudaiji Sanetsune (1839–1919)
* Tokudaiji Kinsane (1866–1937)
* Saneatsu Tokudaiji (1889–1970)
* Kinhide Tokudaiji (1970–?)
* Sanehiro Tokudaiji (?–present)
# Tokudome

Tokudome (written: 徳留) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kazuki Tokudome (徳留 一樹, born 1987), Japanese mixed martial artist
* Masaki Tokudome (徳留 真紀, born 1971), Japanese motorcycle racer
# Tolocirio

Tolocirio is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 58 inhabitants.
# Tolan (medieval poet)

Tolan (fl. 9th century AD), also romanized as Tholan, was an early medieval south Indian poet remembered for composing Malayalam passages of the art-form Koodiyattam. He was a courtier and friend of king Kulasekhara Varma (identified with Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara, c. 844/45 – c. 870/71 AD). Tolan wrote the elaborate Malayalam passages for the vidushaka's speeches in Koodiyattam. These passages were probably intended for a native (Malayalam) audience at the temple.
Tolan is also credited with the authorship of the lost historical kavya "Mahodayapuresa-charitha".
# Ira Oberberg

Ira Oberberg (born Ira Bugajenko; 25 May 1918) is a German former film editor. Born in Moscow, the daughter of theatrical parents, she moved to Berlin at a young age. She was the half-sister of the cinematographer Igor Oberberg.

## Selected filmography

* Sky Hounds (1942)
* Love Premiere (1943)
* The Green Salon (1944)
* The Enchanted Day (1944)
* White Gold (1949)
* No Way Back (1953)
* Knall and Fall as Detectives (1953)
* Have Sunshine in Your Heart (1953)
* A Double Life (1954)
* The Beginning Was Sin (1954)
* You Can No Longer Remain Silent (1955)
* Love Without Illusions (1955)
* Master of Life and Death (1955)
* Love (1956)
* My Father, the Actor (1956)
* A Heart Returns Home (1956)
* Man in the River (1958)
* Mädchen in Uniform (1958)
* My Ninety Nine Brides (1958)
* Crime After School (1959)
* Mistress of the World (1960)
* Until Money Departs You (1960)
* The Dead Eyes of London (1961)
* Our House in Cameroon (1961)
* Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace (1962)
* Jack and Jenny (1963)
# Tokow Boys

Tokow Boys was a French new wave group that was formed in 1979.

## History

The group was formed in 1979 with Rachel Ortas on vocals, Eric Tabuchi on bass and keyboards, Daniel Brunetti on saxophone, Franz Weisgerber on guitar and Luigi Morello on drums. They signed with Virgin Records and released the singles "Swinging Pool", "Elle Hôtesse" and then the album Cobra! Cobra! in 1981. They were an opening act for Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark on their 1981 French tour. The group appeared in the 1983 film Faux Fuyants, directed by Jean-Pierre Limosin and Alain Bergala.
In 1984, Rachel Ortas and Eric Tabuchi formed the group Luna Parker, who had a major hit in France with Tes états d'âme Éric in 1986. Rachel is now an illustrator and artist in residence at Saint Martin's School of Art and is the co-creator of OKIDO magazine. Eric is a photographer. Franz Weisgerber went on to become an actor under the name of Walter Shnorkell.

## Discography
### Albums

* Cobra! Cobra! (1981)

### Singles

* "Petite Rockette/Swinging Pool" (1980)
* "Elle Hôtesse" (1980)
* "Class Touriste/Cobra! Cobra!" (1981)

### Various artists compilation albums

* Des Jeunes Gens Mödernes: Post Punk, Cold Wave and Culture Növö en France, 1978-1983 (2012)
* Des Jeunes Gens Mödernes: Post Punk, Cold Wave and Culture Növö en France, 1978-1983 Volume 3 (2020)
# Iochroma warscewiczii

Iochroma warscewiczii is a shrub in the family Solanaceae. The species, which is native to Peru, was formally described in 1855 by German botanist Eduard August von Regel. It is named for the Polish botanist and explorer Józef Warszewicz Ritter von Rawicz (1812-1866).
# Ioci

Iocī (pronounced) is a Latin word which can be translated as "humor". The most important use of iocī in terms of rhetoric was Cicero's use of it in De Oratore. It is not exactly a joke or humor used in a rhetorical way, but a blanket term for the various ways to use humor when making an argument.

## Ioci in De Oratore

In this work, Cicero defines two types of wit that can be used rhetorically. The first is humor, which can be used throughout an argument for favorable effect. The second is jesting, which is closer to joking in that it is less sustained. While jesting can be useful in some instances, it however is not always good. The two devices can be most effectively used as a rebuttal or critique of an argument.

## Ioci in rhetoric

Orators aiming to use some form of ioci in their argument should be aware that simply raising a joke is not enough to employ ioci well. The humor or jest should contribute to the argument the orator is trying to make in some way. A joke that has no purpose in an argument weighs it down and makes the orator less credible.
There are four overarching uses for humor in communicating a message. They are identification, clarification, enforcement, and differentiation:
* Identification: Humor can be used as an identifier for the speaker. This is because it builds support from the audience when the joke is funny. It also serves to establish credibility. Often the humor used with this aim in mind is self-deprecating.
* Clarification: Humor works to clarify complex topics or discussions because a good piece of humor will encapsulate the main point. It is also more memorable if it is funny. This is especially true in the media environment that rhetoricians exist in. If humor can be used to create a clip that will get a good amount of air time, all the better.
* Enforcement: Humor allows for the enforcement of norms or social behaviors that the communicator is trying to give to his audience. Humor is effect for this purpose because it levels criticism against the audience in a way that will not alienate them from the speaker.
* Differentiation: rhetors will often use humor to differentiate themselves from a particular group or idea. This is possibly the most used type of humor in a rhetorical context. Not only does it distinguish the speaker as apart from something they do not want to be associated with, but it also opens an avenue for criticism of that bad thing.

## Example of Ioci

One example of humor used in a rhetorical situation was Ronald Reagan's famous response to a question about his age in the 1984 presidential debates. Reagan responds "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience." This was a very effective piece of humor because it functioned as both an identifier and differentiator. Reagan's line not only identified himself as an experienced politician, but also differentiated him from his opponent. At that point, the focus of the age debate was Walter Mondale. The question of Reagan’s age was not raised again, and he went on to win the 1984 election.
# Tom Carr (artist)

Tom Carr (born 8 January 1956) is a sculptor who works in Spain.

## Biography

Carr was born in Tarragona, Spain, but spent his teenage years in the USA.
His first solo exhibition in the USA was in 1989 at the Jan Baum Gallery in Los Angeles. His painted wood sculptures included a 12-feet high, walk-in installation entitled ""Wall with Passageway".
# Tokyo University of Social Welfare

Tokyo University of Social Welfare (TUSW) (東京福祉大学, Tōkyō fukushi daigaku) is a private university in with its main campus in Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo; Kita, Tokyo; Naka-ku, Nagoya; and Isesaki, Gunma.

## Organization
### Graduate schools

* Graduate School of Social Welfare
** Graduate Course in Social Welfare
** Graduate Course in Childcare
* Graduate School of Education
** Graduate Course in Education
* Graduate School of Psychology
** Graduate Course in Clinical Psychology

### Undergraduate schools

* School of Social Welfare
** Division of Social Work
** Division of Child Care and Early Childhood Education
* School of Education
** Division of Education
* School of Psychology
** Division of Psychology

### Special course

* Japanese Language Program

### Junior college

* Tokyo University of Social Welfare Junior College

## Campuses

It has four campuses.
* Ikebukuro campus (Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo)
* Oji campus (Horifune, Kita, Tokyo)
* Nagoya campus (Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi)
* Isesaki campus (San-ou-cho, Isesaki, Gunma)
# Iris × robusta

Iris × robusta, called the Windermere iris, is a hybrid species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. Its parents are Iris versicolor and Iris virginica, both of which are native to North America. Wild populations have been found in Michigan and Ontario, and it has been introduced into Great Britain. It is a rhizomatous perennial, characterised by its violet-blue flowers and purple-flushed foliage. It has a number of cultivars, including 'Gerald Darby', 'Mountain Brook', 'Purple Fan' and 'Nutfield Blue'. Its cultivar 'Dark Aura' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Tom Kinder

Tom Kinder was an Australian lawn bowls international who competed in the 1938 British Empire Games.

## Bowls career

He bowled for the Hamilton Bowls Club, New South Wales.
At the 1938 British Empire Games he won the bronze medal in the rinks (fours) event with Aub Murray, Charlie McNeill and Harold Murray.
He was the 1938 Australian National Bowls Championships rinks (fours) winner when bowling with the McNeill and the Murrays.
The fours team were known as the Big Four in Australia because they also won four state titles.
# Toft Monks Priory

Toft Monks Priory was a priory at Toft Monks, Beccles, Norfolk, England. It included St Margarets, Toft Monks and St Mary, Haddiscoe
Revenues from the "manor of Toft, with the tithe of 'Cerlentone' and 'Posteberies,' and the churches of those two towns" were given to Préaux Abbey, in Les Préaux, Normandy in 1099 by Robert of Meulan, later the first Earl of Leicester.
# Tofta

Tofta may refer to:
* Tofta, Adelsö, a seat farm and manorial lordship in Uppland, Sweden
* Tofta, Gotland, a locality on the island of Gotland, Sweden
** Tofta firing range, a military training ground in Tofta on the Swedish island of Gotland
* Tofta, Varberg Municipality, a locality in Halland County, Sweden
* Tofta Leikvøllur, a multi-purpose stadium in Toftir, Faroe Islands
* Tofta, Landskrona Municipality, a district in Skåne County, Sweden
# Tom Cat (band)

Tom Cat (トム・キャット, Tomu Kyatto, TOM★CAT) were a 1980s Japanese band. They are best known for their song "TOUGH BOY", used as the opening theme for Fist of the North Star 2.

## Original members

* TOM: Vocals and keyboard
** Real name: Atsumi Matsuzaki (松崎 淳美, MATSUZAKI Atsumi)
* Akio Hinago, Seiji Nagayoshi: Guitars
* Fusahiko Ishikawa, Tadashi Hori: Bass
* Kaoru Takagaki: Drums
* Keisuke Kikuchi, Tsuru Suzuki: Keyboards

### Current members

* TOM: Vocals and keyboard
* Keiji Sasaki: Guitar
* Seiji Nagayoshi: Guitar
* Hiroaki Naruke: Bass
* Akira Ōtaka: Drums
* Tsuru Suzuki: Keyboards

## Discography
### Singles

* "Furare Kibun Rock'n'Roll" - November 14, 1984
* "Summertime Graffiti" - April 5, 1985
* "Umare Tsuite no CRAZY" - August 21, 1985
* "Hitori Bocchino Hanrangun" - April 5, 1986
* "LADY BLUE" - October 1986
* "TOUGH BOY" c/w "LOVE SONG" - March 1987
** Fist of the North Star 2 opening/ending theme single

### Albums

* TOM★CAT - June 21, 1985
* FENCE - May 1986
* My Recommend: TOM☆CAT - December 21, 2006
# Tom Catalano

Tom Catalano (born April 2, 1933 in New York) is an American record producer, most notable for his long-time collaboration with Neil Diamond. He was the producer on Anne Murray's single "Sunday Sunrise" in 1975 and "The Call" and "Golden Oldie" in 1976. He also produced her album Together in 1975. Other artists whom Catalano has produced over the years include Helen Reddy, Rick Ely, Pat Hollis, Jane Olivor, Mary MacGregor, Bill Medley, Peggy Lee, Lenny Welch, Ruby and the Romantics and The Bold.