OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Markengracht

The Markengracht was a canal in Amsterdam. For many years it was at the heart of the slums of the poor Jewish neighborhood. It was filled in 1968 as part of a complete rehabilitation of the area combined with construction of the IJtunnel, opened on 30 October 1968. It is now the site of a complex of new residential buildings.

## Location

The Markengracht was in the center of the poor part of the Jewish quarter. It ran between the Rapenburgwal and Houtkopersburgwal canals, which both used to extend southeast to the Markengracht. The Vinkenbuurt was on the southeast side of the canal, between the canal and Rapenburgerstraat. Valkenburgerstraat and the buildings of Marken were on the northwest side.

## History

The Marken or Valkenburg island was created in the IJ around 1593. Due to a surveying error it was much narrower than the adjoining Uilenburg island, and had just one main street running through it, Valkenburgerstraat. Maps from the 16th to 18th century show ship ramps along the Markengracht, the eastern boundary of the island, but the shipyards later relocated because the canal was too narrow.
The journalist and writer Meijer Sluyser (1901–73) who grew up beside the canal described it as "the murderer" because it was so filthy. He wrote, "Carrots of human feces float in the canal. Rats the size of cats that win prizes at exhibition frolic in broad daylight in the yards." Rapenburgerstraat had houses, factories such as the Verduin ladies' hat factory, and institutions such as a girl's orphanage backing onto the canal. The Markengracht School was a public primary education school, located at Markengracht 3 from 1874 to 1933. The synagogue of the chewre Tif'eres Jisroeil was housed on the lower floor of Markengracht 5 from 1835 until 1928, when many of its members moved to the Transvaal neighborhood.
Efforts by the city to clean up the slums were started in 1926. After World War II (1939–45) the municipality decided to completely renovate the old Jewish quarter. Residents were moved and the buildings demolished. The canal was filled in 1968. The whole area between Valkenburgerstraat and Rapenburgerstraat was cleared for construction of the IJtunnel, leaving a wide empty space between the two streets. In the 1980s the council heard from local residents who wanted the land to be used for residences and small businesses, and after many delays a complex of new buildings was opened in 1999. The three new buildings, each with a central courtyard with water and plants, are separated by two semi-public plazas.
* Detail of 1737 map, looking south. In the center a square of canals with Uilenburgergracht running across it. Clockwise from left, Markengracht (SE), Houtkopersburgwal (SW), Monkelbaansburgwal (Oudeschans) (NW), Rapenburgwal (NE).
* Markengracht seen to the south. W.A. van Deventer, 1853
* Rapenburgerstraat (1977), temporary home of the Waterloopleinmarkt from 1977 to 1988.
# Thomas A. Furness III

Thomas A. Furness III is an American inventor, professor, and virtual reality pioneer based in Seattle, Washington. He is a Professor in the University of Washington Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, and the founder of the Human Interface Technology Lab at the University of Washington and its sister labs at the University of Canterbury (HIT Lab NZ) and University of Tasmania. Known for his contributions in developing human interface technology, he has earned the title, "Grandfather of Virtual Reality."
Furness recently received the first-ever lifetime achievement award for his 50 years service in the field of virtual reality and augmented reality from the Augmented World Expo in Santa Clara, California. In 2018, Furness was elected a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
In addition to being a professor at the University of Washington, he is also the general manager and owner of the RATLab (Rocking and Thinking Laboratory), an engineering research and development company.

## Early life

Born in Canton, North Carolina, on April 19, 1943, to Margaret Nash Furness and Thomas A. Furness Jr., Furness was the older of two boys. At a young age, Furness was driven, brilliant, and curious about technology. He spent much of his childhood disassembling and building electronics in a lab he built in the basement of his parents’ home. He won the state science fair as a teen, and graduated from Enka High School in 1961. Upon graduation, Furness went on to attend Duke University, where he received his Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering.

## Career

He was commissioned in the Air Force and sent to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio, from September 1966 to 1989. During this time, he developed advanced cockpits for fighter aircraft. It was also during this time that Furness completed his PhD at the University of Southampton in England (1977–79). Furness arrived at the University of Washington in the fall of 1989 and founded the Human Interface Technology Lab (HITLab).

## Personal life

In 1965, Furness married his high school sweetheart Linda Pearce, and the two had 2 daughters and 4 grandchildren.
# Nealie Duggan

Cornelius Duggan (1923 - 22 December 1996), known as Nealie Duggan, was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played for club sides Urhan, St. Patrick's and Lees, divisional side Beara, at inter-county level with the Cork senior football team and with Munster.

## Career

Duggan first came to Gaelic football prominence with the Urhan junior team, while also securing selection to the Beara divisional team. He consecutive Beara Junior Championship titles with Urhan in 1943-44, by which time he had also been added to the Cork senior football team. Duggan won his first Munster Championship title in 1943 and, in spite of being included on the team at the start of the 1945 provincial campaign, he was later suspended for allegedly playing illegally in Kerry. The suspension cost him an All-Ireland medal as Cork won that year's title after a defeat of Cavan. Duggan soon re-joined the team, winning further provincial medals in 1949 and 1952, as well as his first National League title in the latter year. After winning a County Junior Championship title with the St. Patrick's club, he later transferred to Lees Football Club and won a County Senior Championship medal in 1955. Duggan enjoyed further inter-county success throughout the 1956-57 seasons, winning a second National League medal and consecutive Munster Championship medals. The ultimate success eluded him as Cork suffered back-to-back All-Ireland final defeats to Galway and Louth, with Duggan captaining the team on the second occasion. He was also a regular on the Munster team and won two Railway Cup titles.

## Personal life and death

Duggan was born in Urhan, County Cork. He relocated to Cork in the late 1940s, eventually settling in Bishopstown, and worked with Cork County Council. Duggan died at Cork University Hospital on 22 December 1996.

## Honours
### Urhan

* Beara Junior Football Championship: 1943, 1944

### St. Patrick's

* Cork Junior Football Championship: 1949
* City Junior Football Championship: 1949

### Lees

* Cork Senior Football Championship: 1955

### Cork

* Munster Senior Football Championship: 1943, 1949, 1952, 1956, 1957
* National Football League: 1951-52, 1955-56

### Munstwr

* Railway Cup: 1948, 1949,
# Michael Newcomb

Michael Newcomb may refer to:
* Michael D. Newcomb (1952–2010), American psychologist
* Michael E. Newcomb, American clinical psychologist
# Middle Village

Middle Village is the name of several areas:

## In the United States

* Middle Village, Queens, in New York City
** Middle Village – Metropolitan Avenue (BMT Myrtle Avenue Line), a subway station in Middle Village
* Station Camp, or Middle Village, a historical site on the Columbia River that is part of Lewis and Clark National Historical Park
* Middle Village, Michigan, a historic village located in modern-day Readmond Township, Michigan
* Middle Village, Wisconsin

## In other countries

Places that mean "Middle Village" in other languages include:
* Medelby (Germany, Sweden and Finland)
* Ortaköy, Nicosia (Cyprus)
* Ortaköy (Turkey)
* Chaupimarca (Peru)
# West Carlisle, Ohio

West Carlisle is an unincorporated community in Pike Township, Coshocton County, Ohio, United States.

## History

West Carlisle was laid out in 1821. The community most likely derived its name from Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the birthplace of a first settler. A post office was established at West Carlisle in 1822, and remained in operation until 1932.
# John Lyons (Athy politician)

John Lyons (c.1667 – 1726 or 1732) was an Irish politician who sat in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Athy from 1713 to 1714.
# GCC2

GRIP and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GCC2 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein localized to the trans-Golgi network. It is sensitive to brefeldin A. This encoded protein contains a GRIP domain which is thought to be used in targeting. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.
# Otomi (military)

The Otomi or Otontin were an elite Aztec military order, named after the Otomi people.
The Otomies (Otontin [21]) were another warrior society who took their name after the Otomi people who were renowned for their fierce fighting. In the historical sources it is often difficult to discern whether the word otomitl "Otomi" refers to members of the Aztec warrior society, or members of the Otomí ethnic group who also often joined the Aztec armies as mercenaries or allies.
One famous member of the Otomi was Tzilacatzin.
# James Hooper (climber)

James N. Hooper (born 1987) is a British mountain climber and adventurer who in 2006 became one of the youngest Britons to climb Mount Everest, along with his friend Rob Gauntlett.

## Biography

Hooper was born in Portsmouth and raised in Cardiff, Wales by a single father who worked as a civil engineer. He attended Christ's Hospital, a boarding school in West Sussex, on a scholarship, where he befriended his classmate Rob Gauntlett at the age of 11.
Hooper and Gauntlett frequently discussed their dream of climbing Mount Everest, which was sparked in 2003 when they were 16. They prepared by climbing Mont Blanc in 2005 and a selection of other peaks, guided by their school's climbing instructor, and cycling through Europe. They struggled to raise the funds to cover the costs of a professional guided expedition, and only secured their last sponsor on the day before they departed. In May 2006 they travelled to Tibet and climbed Everest from the north side, becoming the youngest Britons to reach the summit, both aged 19.
In 2007, Hooper and Gauntlett began their next expedition, "180° Pole-to-Pole": the first trip from the North Magnetic Pole to the South Magnetic Pole (a journey of 26,000 miles (42,000 km)) using only human and natural power, in order to raise awareness of climate change. Starting north of Greenland in April 2007, they skied, sledded, cycled and sailed until they reached the Antarctic in April 2008, after 409 days. They were subsequently awarded the National Geographic Adventurers of the Year prize for 2008.
Hooper, Gauntlett, and two other school friends, Richard Lebon and James Atkinson, travelled to Chamonix in January 2009 to attempt a winter ascent of Mont Blanc. While Hooper and Lebon ended up forgoing their effort, Gauntlett and Atkinson continued up an ambitious technical route and fell to their deaths from the Gervasutti Couloir.
Following Gauntlett's death, Hooper faced a £90,000 debt from his pole-to-pole expedition. After a book and movie deal were not possible due to the Great Recession, he took up an office job in London. In late 2010, he moved to South Korea to attend Kyung Hee University in Seoul. Continuing regular work as a motivational speaker in South Korea, and now fluent in Korean, he was a cast member in the talk show Non-Summit for short time in 2014 until moving to Australia to complete his doctorate at the University of Wollongong. He has been a Professor in the Department of Biological and Environmental Science at Dongguk University, Korea since May 2020. (Ilya Belyakov's English 82 Questions with James Hooper on YouTube)
# Mark Van Raamsdonk

Mark Van Raamsdonk is a professor at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of British Columbia since 2002. Before that, he was a postdoc at Stanford University from 2000 until 2002 and studied as a graduate student at Princeton University from 1995 until 2000 when he received his PhD under the supervision of Washington Taylor. Before that, he did a combined mathematics/physics undergraduate degree at University of British Columbia where he graduated with what is believed to be the highest GPA in the university's prior history.
In 2009 Mark Van Raamsdonk started to work on the relationship between quantum mechanics and gravity during his first sabbatical year. He published his results "Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement" as an essay in 2010, which won the first prize of the annual essay contest run by the Gravity Research Foundation. Van Raamsdonk is a member of the "It from Qubit" collaboration, which was formed in 2015.
Mark Van Raamsdonk plays the saxophone and has organized a concert series at UBC, inspired by a similar one that existed during his time at Princeton.
In 2021, Van Raamsdonk published a short picture book titled "The Hot and Cold Adventures of Mr. Brick".
# If God Had Curves

If God Had Curves is the fourth album by David Usher, released in 2005. The album includes the first single, "Love Will Save the Day", as well as 10 other new songs. Guest musicians on the album include Bruce Cockburn and Tegan Quin. The album debuted at #12 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

## Track listing

* "Long Goodbye"
* "Love Will Save the Day"
* "Souring"
* "See You Fall"
* "Hope (Tell Everyone)"
* "Everything Is All Right By Me Now"
* "Faithless"
* "Hey Kids" (featuring Tegan Quin)
* "The Wolves"
* "Going Home"
* "Soldiering"
* "Mutations" (Bonus Track)

### Singles

* Love Will Save The Day
* See You Fall
* Long Goodbye
# Neferkare (Tanis)

Neferkare was an ancient Egyptian ruler ("king") of Tanis during the 26th Dynasty.

## Biography

He was possibly the successor of the better known king Sehetepibenre Pedubast, and should have succeeded him in around 665 BCE, just one year before Psamtik I of the 26th Dynasty proclaimed himself pharaoh.
His existence was proposed by the French Egyptologist Pierre Montet, who found in Tanis a few monuments bearing a partially erased royal titulary which was quite similar to the one of Pepi II Neferkare of the Old Kingdom. However, in one of these monuments is mentioned the goddess Mut, "Lady of Isheru", whose cult is typical of a more recent epoch. Furthermore, a cornice from Athribis bears both the cartouches of a Neferkare and a Wahibre; the latter likely is Psamtik I while the former could be this Tanite ruler.$^{:357n.904}$
Based upon these findings, it is likely that Psamtik, once he became pharaoh, could no longer tolerate the multitude of rulers with claims of kingship upon the Lower Egypt, and in a few years he managed to force them to become his vassals, depriving them of royal titles and ambitions. Neferkare of Tanis – who could have claimed a far more ancient royal line than that of Psamtik (since, technically, Neferkare was a distant successor of Shoshenq I of the 22nd Dynasty) – was likely the last of them, but like all others he was finally subdued around 657–656 BCE.$^{:361}$
# Malo, Veneto

Malo is a town in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. SP46 goes through it.
Italian writer Luigi Meneghello was born in Malo in 1922 and remembered it in his first book Libera nos a Malo. Sights include the Villa Porto, a Renaissance patrician villa designed by Andrea Palladio.

## Twin towns

* Peuerbach, Austria, since 1997

## Sources

* ↑ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
* ↑ All demographics and other statistics from the Italian statistical institute (Istat)
* (Google Maps)
* This article on a location in Veneto is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Middle Valley

Middle Valley may refer to:
* Middle Valley, New Zealand, a locality in the Mackenzie District
* Middle Valley, New Jersey, United States
* Middle Valley, Tennessee, United States
# Western Omo–Tana languages

The (Western) Omo–Tana or Arboroid languages belong to the Afro-Asiatic family and are spoken in Ethiopia and Kenya.
The languages are:
* Arbore
* Daasanach
* El Molo
* Yaaku
The first three have long been recognized as related; Bender (2020) adds Yaaku, whose classification had been obscure. The El Molo language of Kenya is nearly extinct.
# Gareth Guadalupe

Gareth Haddad do Espírito Santo Guadalupe is a São Toméan politician who has been serving as the Foreign Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe since 8 August 2023. He also serves as the President of the Council of Ministers of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries since 25 August 2023. He previously served as the Minister of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers from November 2022 until August 2023. He is a ADI Party Member of the National Assembly for Água Grande.

## Education

Guadalupe received a BSc. in Economics from the Universidade Lusófona, Portugal and MSc. in Economic Policy Management from Columbia University, New York, USA.

## Career

He served as Executive Director and Board Member of the Central Bank of São Tomè and Príncipe from 2015 to 2019 and as IMF Expert on Public Financial Management and Macro-fiscal policies from 2015 to 2021.
He served as Secretary General of the Presidency and as Economic Advisor to the President between October 2021 and November 2022.
He became Minister of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers in November 2022. Following the dismissal of Alberto Neto Pereira as Foreign Minister just days before the CPLP Summit in São Tomè, Guadalupe assumed the office of Foreign Minister, in which, he continues to serve.
# Le Bois-Hellain

Le Bois-Hellain (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.
# James W. Alcorn House

The James W. Alcorn House, in Stanford, Kentucky, was built in 1885. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
It is located at 409 Danville Ave. in Stanford. The listing included six contributing buildings.
It is a two-story, brick T-plan house. Five frame outbuildings are included in the listing. It has also been known as The Hickories at St. Asaph's.
The house was home of James W. Alcorn, who served as a Confederate officer in the American Civil War and who later "gained regional recognition as a successful attorney during the latter half of the 1800s."
# Jesse Myers

Jesse Myers is an American soccer coach. He was the head coach of the Rochester Rhinos in the USL Pro until his dismissal following a 1-6-1 start to the 2013 season. He was the assistant coach of the Richmond Kickers for 14 years.
# Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States

The Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, edited by Lee Pederson, is a linguistic map describing the dialects of the American Gulf States.
# Illano (Oscos)

Illano is one of four parishes (administrative divisions) in San Martín de Oscos, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
It is 7.29 km$^2$ (2.81 sq mi) in size, with a population of 17 (INE 2006).

## Villages and hamlets

* Arruñada (A Arruñada)
* Arne (El Arne)
* San Pedro de Ahio (San Pedro Io)
# Western Slope, Jersey City

Western Slope is a neighborhood in The Heights, Jersey City, New Jersey on the cuesta, or gradual decline, of the western side of the New Jersey Palisades between The Boulevard and Tonnele Avenue.
Its southern border is generally considered to be Beach Street near The Divided Highway and ramp leading to Tonnelle Circle. Its northern border is near Transfer Station, the district of Hudson County, New Jersey where Secaucus Road, Kennedy Boulevard, and Paterson Plank Road, intersect and where the borders of Jersey City Heights, North Bergen, New Jersey, and Union City, New Jersey meet at one point. Some streets of Western Slope keep their names as they cross over the city line into North Bergen.
From the Tonnelle Avenue at Route 139, Tonnelle Avenue Avenue through Western Slope is also known as U.S. Route 1/9 between the Holland and Lincoln tunnels, and is dotted with motels and gas stations, and a White Manna. Some effects from erosion resulting from continued development can be seen along the eastern side of Tonnelle Avenue Avenue. The area along Tonnelle Avenue Avenue is industrial and commercial, whereas the blocks rising to the east are residential.
Leonard Gordon Park at Manhattan Avenue is a neighborhood park and site of a larger than life 1907 sculpture referred to as Buffalo and Bears by Solon Hannibal Borglum.
Sparrow Hill is a neighborhood is a six block stretch of Liberty Avenue between Spruce Street and Manhattan Avenue.
# Monkey Queen

Monkey Queen is a series of signed and unsigned screenprints by the graffiti artist Banksy, released in 2003.
Banksy's Monkey Queen is an inflammatory portrait of Queen Elizabeth II. The monkey is pictured in the Queen's jewels and her coiffed hair, in front of a mod-style target background. The work was released as a series of 150 signed and 600 unsigned screenprints. A version of the work sold for £62,750 at Bonham's Banksy Online Sale in 2021
# Shock hardening

Shock hardening is a process used to strengthen metals and alloys, wherein a shock wave produces atomic-scale defects in the material's crystalline structure. As in cold work, these defects interfere with the normal processes by which metallic materials yield (plasticity), making materials stiffer, but more brittle. When compared to traditional cold work, such an extremely rapid process results in a different class of defect, producing a much harder material for a given change in shape. If the shock wave applies too great a force for too long, however, the rarefaction front that follows it can form voids in the material due to hydrostatic tension, weakening the material and often causing it to spall. Since voids nucleate at large defects, such as oxide inclusions and grain boundaries, high-purity samples with a large grain size (especially single crystals) are able to withstand greater shock without spalling, and can therefore be made much harder.
Shock hardening has been observed in many contexts:
Explosive forging uses the detonation of a high explosive charge to create a shockwave. This effect is used to harden rail track cast components and, coupled with the Misnay-Schardin effect, in the operation of explosively forged penetrators. Greater hardening can be achieved by using a lower quantity of an explosive with greater brisance, so that the force applied is greater but the material spends less time in hydrostatic tension.
Laser shock, similar to inertial confinement fusion, uses the ablation plume caused by a laser pulse to apply force to the laser's target. The rebound from the expelled matter can create very high pressures, and the pulse length of lasers is often quite short, meaning that good hardening can be achieved with little risk of spallation. Surface effects can also be achieved by laser treatment, including amorphization.
Light-gas guns have been used to study shock hardening. Although too labor-intensive for widespread industrial application, they do provide a versatile research testbed. They allow precise control of both magnitude and profile of the shock wave through adjustments to the projectile's muzzle velocity and density profile, respectively. Studies of various projectile types have been crucial in overturning a prior theory that spallation occurs at a threshold of pressure, independent of time. Instead, experiments show longer-lasting shocks of a given magnitude produce more material damage.