OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-252

German submarine U-252 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 1 November 1940 at the Vegesacker Werft at Bremen as yard number 17, launched on 14 August 1941 and commissioned on 4 October under the command of Kapitänleutnant Gunter Schiebusch.
Schiebusch was replaced by Kapitänleutnant Kai Lerchen on 21 December 1941. After training with the 6th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-252 was deemed to be ready for front-line service and sailed on her first patrol on 1 April 1942.
On 6 April 1942, U-252 landed espionage agent Ib Riis in Iceland.
U-252 is thought to have sunk the 1,355 GRT Norwegian Fanefield on 9 April. Five days later she encountered convoy OG 82, and was attacked and sunk by depth charges from the sloop HMS Stork and the corvette HMS Vetch on 14 April 1942.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-252 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-252 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) | Fate |
| 9 April 1942 | Fanefjeld | Norway | 1,355 | Sunk |
# Gerald Francis Yeo

Gerald Francis Yeo (19 January 1845 – 1 May 1909) was an Irish physiologist and academic.

## Life

Born in Dublin on 19 January 1845, he was second son of Henry Yeo of Tansey, Ceanchor Road, Howth, J.P., clerk of the rules, court of exchequer, by his wife Jane, daughter of Captain Ferns. Yeo was educated at the Royal School Dungannon, and at Trinity College Dublin, where he graduated moderator in natural science in 1866, proceeding M.B. and M.Ch. in 1867. In 1868 he gained the gold medal of the Dublin Pathological Society for an essay on renal disease. After studying abroad for three years, a year each in Paris, Berlin, and Vienna, he proceeded M.D. at Dublin in 1871, and became next year M.R.C.P. and M.R.C.S. Ireland.
For two years Yeo taught physiology in the Carmichael school of medicine in Dublin. He was appointed professor of physiology in King's College London, in 1875, and in 1877 assistant surgeon to King's College Hospital, becoming F.R.C.S.England in 1878. He delivered for the College of Surgeons the Arris and Gale lectures on anatomy and physiology in 1880–2. With Hugo Kronecker, Yeo inaugurated the triennial international physiological congresses; the first met at Basel in 1889, and was organised by Yeo with Michael Foster.
Yeo was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1889. He resigned his chair of physiology at King's College in 1890 and received the title of emeritus professor. He then retired to Totnes in Devon, and later to Fowey, where he devoted himself to yachting, fishing, and gardening. He died at Austin's Close, Harbertonford, Devon, on 1 May 1909.

## Works

Yeo worked with David Ferrier, a fellow professor of neuro-pathology at King's College, on cerebral localisation in monkeys. They exhibited a hemiplegic monkey at the first International Physiological Congress. This work proceeded against a background of antivivisection activism. Yeo was known from 1875 as the first secretary of The Physiological Society, originally a dining club, but with a purpose of thwarting antivivisection campaigners; he resigned in 1889. Ferrier did not have a license under the Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 to perform animal experiments, and Yeo did the practical work. Ferrier was taken to court under the Act in 1881, but was acquitted, having testified that he only witnessed procedures carried out by Yeo.
Yeo's Manual of Physiology for the Use of Students of Medicine (1884; 6th edit. 1894) was a text-book. He contributed scientific papers to the Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society and to the Journal of Physiology.

## Family

Yeo married (1) in 1873 Charlotte, only daughter of Isaac Kitchin of Rockferry, Cheshire (she died without issue in 1884); (2) in 1886 Augusta Frances, second daughter of Edward Hunt of Thomastown, co. Kilkenny, by whom he had one son.
# Sinowatsonia

Sinowatsonia is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae from mountains of West China.

## Species

* Sinowatsonia hoenei (Daniel, 1943)
** Sinowatsonia hoenei alpicola (Daniel, 1943)
* Sinowatsonia mussoti (Oberthür, 1903)
# Lixin

Lixin may refer to:
* Lixin County, Anhui, China
* Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance
* Lai Sun (Lixin), Hong Kong conglomerate
# Cucapá Beer

Cerveceria de Baja California (founded in 2002) is located in the City of Mexicali. It was acquired by Grupo Modelo in 2015. The product they brew is Cucapá Beer. This name comes from the Cocopah (Cucapá in Spanish), one of the five indigenous tribes that live in the Mexicali Valley. The Cucapá tribe was the first settlers of the region and their love for water and nature took them to live in the Colorado River delta.
The tradition of nature, the water of the river, the geographical location and the initiative of being the first people to explore the region is what makes Cerveza Cucapá as unique as the Cucapá tribe's ancestors.

## The Beers

Cucapá Clasica 4.5% ABV Blond Ale. This golden colored beer with a fruity and flowery aroma is medium bodied with a taste of malt and sweet citrus. It is paired well with light meats and fish.
Cucapá Obscura 4.5% ABV American Brown Ale. Deep chestnut brown color with a medium brown head. Sweet toffee, roasted nuts, and brown sugar aromas follow through to a smooth, dry, body with roundness, purity and depth. Finishes with a rich dark roasted nut, baker's chocolate, and an earthy hop fade.
Cucapá Chupacabras Pale Ale 5.8% ABV American Pale Ale. Wildly hopped with fresh cascade and centennial hops. Deep copper color with a lacy taupe head. Rich creamy dark caramel, dark chocolate, and roasted nut aromas follow through to a rich medium-full body with layers of citrus marmalade and earthy hops on the long finish.
Cucapá Trigueña 3.5% ABV Wheat Ale. This wheat ale is clear and refreshing. A golden color and light body with a taste of malt and wheat.
Cucapá Honey 4.5% ABV Amber Ale. Deep golden amber color with a frothy white head. Rich aromas of caramel, roasted grains, and earthy, citrusy hop aromas. A frothy entry leads to a dry-yet-fruity medium body of candied citrus peels, mild spice, flan, and toasted grains. Finishes with a long, nutty, citrus-accented, piney fresh hop fade.
Cucapá Light 3.5% ABV Light Lager. Flavorful light lager with reduced alcohol and calories.
Cucapá Barleywine 10.0% ABV Barleywine. Dark reddish mahogany color. Roasted malt and dark caramel aromas. A rich, thick entry leads to a very sweet molasses and chocolate covered citrus flavors. Finishes with a mild, bitter hop fade.

## Seasonals

Cucapá Jefe 4.5% ABV This Hefeweizen style beer without filtration process, made with wheat and barley malt. The Cucapá Jefe has a bright peach color.
Cucapá Mestiza 4.5% ABV It has a characteristic amber color. Also has a complete body and a distinguish hop flavor.
# Hubay

Hubay is a Hungarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ilona Hubay (1902–1982), Hungarian specialist in ancient books
* Jenő Hubay (1858–1937), Hungarian violinist, composer and music teacher
# Holiday Hills

Holiday Hills may refer to:
* The Holiday Hills in the U.S. state of Washington
* Holiday Hills, Illinois
* Holiday Hills, Delaware
* Holiday Hills, a 2021 EP by Canadian DJ duo Loud Luxury
# Sankashū

Sankashū (山家集, "Collection of a Mountain Home") is a collection of poems by Saigyō, most probably made by the poet himself, and issued c. 1180.

## Dating

Because the collection contains no poems from the last decade of Saigyō's life, 1180–90, he is thought to have closed it c.1180, and circulated it thereafter.

## Divisions

The collection contains 1552 poems, and falls into three parts. The first (1-572) is divided into four sections containing poems of the four seasons; the second (573-1041) into two sections - Love and Miscellaneous; and the third (1042-1152) again into two sections - Miscellaneous Songs and One Hundred Songs.

## Quality

Where much court poetry of the time was convoluted, the Sankashū is known for its directness of utterance. His early translator, Hei-Hachuro Honda, valorised Saigyō's poems of solitude over those that were involved in more communal activities. Later critics, however, have paid more attention to how his poetry was rooted both in his private life and the public life of his society.
# White Collar: The American Middle Classes

White Collar: The American Middle Classes is a study of the American middle class by sociologist C. Wright Mills, first published in 1951. It describes the forming of a "new class": the white-collar workers. It is also a major study of social alienation in the modern world of advanced capitalism, where cities are dominated by "salesmanship mentality". The issues in this book were close to Mills' own background; his father was an insurance agent, and he himself, at that time, worked as a white-collar research worker in a bureaucratic organization at Paul Lazarsfeld's Bureau for Social Research at Columbia University. From this point of view, it is probably Mills' most private book. The familiarity with the studied object as a lived matter undoubtedly refers to Mills himself and his own experiences.
As Mills described it:
   In a society of employees, dominated by the marketing mentality, it is inevitable that a personality market should arise. For in the great shift from manual skills to the art of "handling," selling, and servicing people, personal or even intimate traits of employees are drawn into the sphere of exchange, become commodities in the labor market. ...
   Kindness and friendliness become aspects of personalized service or of public relations of big firms, rationalized to further the sale of something. With anonymous insincerity, the Successful Person thus makes an instrument of his own appearance and personality. ...
   In the formulas of "personnel experts," men and women are to be shaped into the "well-rounded, acceptable, effective personality" [to close the deal or to make the sale] ...
   The personality market, the most decisive effect and symptom of the great salesroom, underlies the all-pervasive distrust and self-alienation so characteristic of metropolitan people. Without common values and mutual trust, the cash nexus that links one man to another in transient contact has been made subtle in a dozen ways and made to bite deeper into all areas of life and relations. People are required by the salesman ethic and convention to pretend interest in others in order to manipulate them. ... Men are estranged from one another as each secretly tries to make an instrument of the other, and in time a full circle is made: one makes an instrument of himself, and is estranged from It also.
# Peter Crepin

Peter Crepin (born November 5, 1952) is a retired Canadian football player who played for the Ottawa Rough Riders and Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played junior football for the Ottawa Sooners.
# Landsforbundet for Kvinders Valgret

Landsforbundet for Kvinders Valgret, or LKV (National Association for Women's Suffrage), was a Danish association for women's suffrage, active from 1907 until 1915.
As the Danish Women's Society was initially not strongly committed to women's suffrage, in 1898, a new organization was established: Danske Kvindeforeningers Valgretsudvalg, specifically to support voting rights for women. From 1904, it was known as Valgretsforbundet. In 1907, it merged with Landsforbundet for Kvinders Valgret.
Landsforbundet for Kvinders Valgret originated from the local women's association Politisk Kvindeforening. In 1906, Københavns Kvindevalgretsforening was founded, and in 1907, the name was changed to Landsforbundet for Kvinders Valgret. It was founded by Elna Munch, Johanne Rambusch and Marie Hjelmer. From the start, Julie Arenholt was one of the most influential members. The organisation was founded in response to the women's suffrage work of Dansk Kvindesamfund, which was regarded too careful by the founders of the LKV. The LKV became a national wide organisation which united all the local branches of women suffrage organisations in Denmark and founded new ones. The organisation was dissolved when the goal was met in 1915.
# Peter Caddy

Peter Caddy (20 March 1917 – 18 February 1994) was a British caterer, hotelier, and with his wife Eileen Caddy and their friend Dorothy Maclean, co-founder of the Findhorn Foundation community.

## Life and work

Educated at Harrow, Caddy was apprenticed as a director with J. Lyons and Company, and was a member of the Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship. On the outbreak of the Second World War he was commissioned as an officer with the Catering Branch of the Royal Air Force, where he served from 1940 until 1955. From 1957 until 1961 he was manager of the Cluny Hill Hotel near Forres, Scotland, now the training college of the Findhorn Foundation.
During a period of unemployment from 1962 onwards, Caddy began experimenting with organic gardening to supplement his family's food supply. The garden near Findhorn, Scotland, flourished to such a remarkable extent that it eventually attracted national attention. Peter Caddy attributed its success to his spiritual practices, and a community began to form around his family and their friend Dorothy Maclean. Much more information about the establishment and growth of the Findhorn Community is contained in Peter Caddy's autobiography.
In 1979 Caddy left the Findhorn Ecovillage community he had helped to found. He died in a car crash in Germany in 1994.
# Lanzaro

Lanzaro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Maurizio Lanzaro (born 1982), Italian footballer and coach
* William M. Lanzaro, American politician
# Nicolás Ponce de León II

Nicolás Suárez Ponce de León II was a Spanish soldier who served as acting governor of Spanish Florida from 1663 to 1664, and from 1673 to 1675. He was appointed to a second term as interim governor after the death of Manuel de Cendoya, and continued construction of the masonry fort, the Castillo de San Marcos, to defend the city against attacks by British colonists from the Province of Carolina.

## Biography

Nicolás Ponce II was born in St. Augustine, Florida. He was the son of the former governor of La Florida, Nicolás Suárez Ponce de León (1631 – 1633 and 1651), who had also served as official accountant of the Royal Treasury of La Florida. The young Ponce de León II enlisted in the Spanish Army on December 20, 1648. In May 1651, he joined the company of Luis Salazar y Valdecillas.
After the death of Benito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla in the same month, Nicolás Suárez Ponce de León was appointed acting governor of Florida.
Nicolás Ponce II assumed the office of acting governor of Florida on November 2, 1663, ruling until December 30, 1664, and a second time from July 8, 1673 to May 3, 1675, following the death of Manuel de Cendoya. He continued construction of the Castillo de San Marcos, the new defensive fort at St. Augustine, begun by Cendoya. Construction proceeded at a slow pace because of engineering errors and sloppiness by the Spanish building supervisors, as well as the collapse of scaffolding and poorly built sections of the fort's walls. Most of the work of building the structure was done by the forced labor of local Native Americans; disease caused by poor hygiene and overcrowding killed many of them. The excessive weight of the loads they had to carry also caused them to develop musculoskeletal problems and contributed to the high casualty rate. Lack of funds remained the biggest impediment to progress in the construction, as thousands of pesos (the equivalent of thousands of dollars) were required to supply food and wages.
On October 2, 1672, Nicolás Ponce II, now Sergeant Major, was the senior crown-appointed military officer present when ground was officially broken for the foundation of a new Castillo de San Marcos, a masonry structure, to replace the inadequate wooden fort. When the English pirate, Robert Searle, had led a raid on St. Augustine in May 1668, Ponce had shepherded the unarmed men and the women and children of the presidio to safety in the woods while the pirates attacked the fort and sacked the city.
In addition to Native Americans, Spanish and English prisoners (who were better treated) and fifty black slaves, including skilled craftsmen, worked on construction of the new fort, which was stopped because of several accidents and lack of the funds (the royal situado) supposed to be sent by the Crown from Mexico City. Pablo de Hita y Salazar was subsequently appointed official governor of Florida.
# Laney, Wisconsin

Laney is an unincorporated community located in the town of Maple Grove, Shawano County, Wisconsin, United States. Laney is located near Wisconsin Highway 29 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Pulaski. The Laney School is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Perznica

Perznica is a river of Poland, a tributary of the Parsęta near Sucha.
* This article related to a river in Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* t
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# Lanugo (wasp)

Lanugo is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The name refers to the Latin word lanugo, meaning soft, downy hair, due to the hair found on species within this genus. This genus differs from the otherwise similar genus Compsocryptus by its "moderately short, straight ovipositor rather than a longer upcurved one, axillus vein closer to anal margin of hind wing, front size of areolet narrower."

## Species

Species within this genus include:
* Lanugo bicincta Townes, 1962
* Lanugo brunnipennis Townes, 1962
* Lanugo cesta (Say, 1863)
* Lanugo deserti Townes, 1962
* Lanugo excincta Townes, 1962
* Lanugo ferrugata Townes, 1962
* Lanugo flavipennis Townes, 1962
* Lanugo fraternans (Cameron, 1885)
* Lanugo hebetis (Cameron, 1885)
* Lanugo longuria Townes, 1962
* Lanugo picta Townes, 1962
* Lanugo polita Townes, 1962
* Lanugo retentor (Brullé, 1846)
* Lanugo schlingeri Townes, 1962
* Lanugo sororia (Cresson, 1872)
* Lanugo yucatan Kasparyan & Ruíz-Cancino, 2005
# Last Autumn's Dream (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Last Autumn's Dream is the third studio album by British band Jade Warrior. The album, released in 1972, yielded two singles, "A Winter's Tale" and "The Demon Trucker".
Last Autumn's Dream was Jade Warrior's first album to feature Tony Duhig's brother, David Duhig, who co-wrote "The Demon Trucker" with the band, as well as playing guitar on the track. David returned for the next two studio albums, and then again in 1984 (Horizen) and 1998 (Eclipse and Fifth Element).

## Track listing

All tracks written by Jade Warrior, except where noted.
* "A Winter's Tale" - 5:06
* "Snake" - 2:55
* "Dark River" - 6:26
* "Joanne" - 2:50
* "Obedience" - 3:12
* "Morning Hymn" - 3:36
* "May Queen" - 5:22
* "The Demon Trucker" - 2:34 (Jade Warrior, David Duhig)
* "Lady of the Lake" - 3:17
* "Borne on the Solar Wind" - 3:02

## Personnel

* Jon Field - flutes, percussion, piano, acoustic guitar
* Tony Duhig - electric guitars
* Glyn Havard - bass, acoustic guitars, vocals
* Allan Price - drums
* David Duhig - electric guitar on "The Demon Trucker", electric guitar solo on "Snake"
# Last Battle

Last Battle may refer to:

## Books

* The Last Battle, a 1956 novel by C. S. Lewis
* The Last Battle (Ryan book), a 1966 book about the Battle of Berlin in World War II by Cornelius Ryan
* The Last Battle (Harding book), a 2013 book about the Battle for Castle Itter in World War II by Stephen Harding

## Films

* Le Dernier Combat (English title: The Last Battle), a 1983 French film directed by Luc Besson
* The Last Battle (1923 film), a German silent film
* Vietnam: The Last Battle, a documentary film

## Events

* Armageddon, in Christian theology, the final battle between God and Satan
* The Last Battle (Middle-earth), or Dagor Dagorath, in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium
* Tarmon Gai'don, or the Last Battle, an event in The Wheel of Time series by Robert Jordan

## Other

* The Last Battle (band), Scottish alternative indie folk band
* Last Battle (video game), a 1989 Sega video game
* "The Last Battle" (Star Wars Rebels)
# Night Mayor

Night Mayor is a 2009 short film by Guy Maddin, about a fictional inventor in Winnipeg who uses the Aurora Borealis to broadcast images of Canada from coast to coast in 1939, until the Canadian government shuts down his illegal project.
The National Film Board of Canada, which was founded in 1939, commissioned Maddin to create a film for its 70th anniversary. In making Night Mayor, Maddin was inspired by his experience researching the NFB's film archives for his 2007 film, My Winnipeg, stating:
   “I lost myself for hours, days even, among those dreamy images, constantly finding shots and sequences I’d have been very proud to have created myself. So I had to content myself with including them in this new Film Board project, and hopefully magicking together a framework that was worthy of them.”
The film's main character uses a fictional device called the "Telemelodium" to broadcast his images, which is based on the Telharmonium, an early electronic musical instrument.
Night Mayor was produced by the NFB in Winnipeg and received the Best Experimental Short award at the 2010 South by Southwest festival. It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.
# Laothoe

In Greek mythology, Laothoe (Ancient Greek: Λαοθόη) can refer to the following women:
* Laothoe, consort of King Porthaon of Calydon and mother of Sterope, Stratonice and Eurythemiste.
* Laothoe or Antianeira, daughter of Menetus (Meretus), mother of the Argonauts Erytus (Eurytus) and Echion by Hermes.
* Laothoe, a Thespian princess as one of the 50 daughters of King Thespius and Megamede or by one of his many wives. When Heracles hunted and ultimately slayed the Cithaeronian lion, Laothoe with her other sisters, except for one, all laid with the hero in a night, a week or for 50 days as what their father strongly desired it to be. Laothoe bore Heracles a son, Antiphus.
* Laothoe, mother of Thestor by Idmon.
* Laothoe, a consort of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of Lycaon and sometimes Polydorus. Her father was Altes, king of the Leleges.
* Laothoe, wife of the Trojan elder Clytius.