# Hematologic disease

Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect the blood and blood-forming organs. Hematologic diseases include rare genetic disorders, anemia, HIV, sickle cell disease and complications from chemotherapy or transfusions.

## Myeloid

* Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)
** Sickle cell disease
** Thalassemia
** Methemoglobinemia
* Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)
** Iron-deficiency anemia
** Megaloblastic anemia
*** Vitamin B$_{12}$ deficiency
**** Pernicious anemia
*** Folate deficiency
** Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells)
*** Genetic disorders of RBC membrane
**** Hereditary spherocytosis
**** Hereditary elliptocytosis
**** Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
*** Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism
**** Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
**** Pyruvate kinase deficiency
*** Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (direct Coombs test is positive)
**** Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
***** Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
****** Idiopathic
****** Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
****** Evans syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and hemolytic antibodies)
***** Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
****** Cold agglutinin disease
****** Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
****** Infectious mononucleosis
**** Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
***** Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
****** Rh disease (Rh D)
****** ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
****** Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
****** Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn
****** Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn
****** Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kid, Duffy, MN, P and others)
**** Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anemia
***** Penicillin (high dose)
***** Methyldopa
*** Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an unstable or crystalline hemoglobin)
*** Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface proteins)
*** Direct physical damage to RBCs
**** Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
**** Secondary to artificial heart valve(s)
** Aplastic anemia
*** Fanconi anemia
*** Diamond–Blackfan anemia (inherited pure red cell aplasia)
*** Acquired pure red cell aplasia
* Decreased numbers of cells
** Myelodysplastic syndrome
** Myelofibrosis
** Neutropenia (decrease in the number of neutrophils)
** Agranulocytosis
** Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
** Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets)
*** Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
*** Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
*** Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
* Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells)
** Polycythemia vera (increase in the number of cells in general)
** Erythrocytosis (increase in the number of red blood cells)
** Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells)
** Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets)
** Myeloproliferative disorder
** Transient myeloproliferative disease
* Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation)
** Thrombocytosis
** Recurrent thrombosis
** Disseminated intravascular coagulation
** Disorders of clotting proteins
*** Hemophilia
**** Hemophilia A
**** Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease)
**** Hemophilia C
*** Von Willebrand disease
*** Disseminated intravascular coagulation
*** Protein S deficiency
*** Antiphospholipid syndrome
** Disorders of platelets
*** Thrombocytopenia
*** Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
*** Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome

## Hematological malignancies

* Hematological malignancies
** Lymphomas
*** Hodgkin's disease
*** Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma {includes the next five entries}
**** Burkitt's lymphoma
**** Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
**** Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
**** Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
**** Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT)
** Myelomas
*** Multiple myeloma
*** Waldenström macroglobulinemia
*** Plasmacytoma
** Leukemias increased WBC
*** Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
*** Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL){now included in theCLL/SCLL type NHL}
*** Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
*** Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a sub-type of acute myelogenous leukemia
*** Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis (MF)
*** Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
*** T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL)
*** B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)
*** Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL)
*** Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)
*** T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL)
*** Aggressive NK-cell leukemia

## Miscellaneous

* Hemochromatosis
* Asplenia
* Hypersplenism
** Gaucher's disease
* Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
* Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
* Tempi syndrome

## Hematological changes secondary to non-hematological disorders

* Anemia of chronic disease
* Infectious mononucleosis
* AIDS
* Malaria
* Leishmaniasis