OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of used book conditions

This is a list of used book conditions. Booksellers use standard terms to describe the condition of the used books that they sell.

## List of used book conditions

The set of terms below were proposed in 1949 by AB Bookman's Weekly. They were adopted by the bookselling community and are still in use today.
* As new means that the book is in the state that it should have been in when it left the publisher. This is the equivalent of mint condition in numismatics.
* Fine (F or FN) is "as new" but allowing for the normal effects of time on an unused book that has been protected. A fine book shows no damage.
* Very good (VG) describes a book that is worn but untorn. For many collectors this is the minimum acceptable condition for all but the rarest items. Any defects must be noted.
* Good (G) describes the condition of an average used worn book that is complete. Any defects must be noted.
* Fair shows wear and tear but all the text pages and illustrations or maps are present. It may lack endpapers, half-title, and even the title page. All defects must be noted.
* Poor describes a book that has the complete text but is so damaged that it is only of interest to a buyer who seeks a reading copy. If the damage renders the text illegible then the book is not even poor.
* Ex-library copies must always be designated as such no matter what the condition of the book.
* Book club copies must always be designated as such no matter what the condition of the book.
* Binding copy describes a book in which the pages or leaves are perfect, but the binding is very bad, loose, off, or non-existent.

## Dust jackets

* Partially chipped (PC) describes small scuffs that remove the original colour of the dust jacket in discrete small flecks.
In all cases, the lack of a dust jacket is noted if the book was issued with one. The same applies to other possible accessories, such as inlays (like errata lists, cards, photo prints, PCBs), foldouts (like maps), media (like diskettes, CDs, DVDs) etc. There is no standard term for books in a condition below poor. Their normal fate is to be discarded or to be broken into individual pages if these have any value.

## Internet book listings

With the advent of the Internet, AB Bookman's Weekly magazine declined and its place was taken by Internet listing services starting with Interloc in 1994. These services, for their own purposes, have made modifications to the descriptions in listings. For example, Amazon adds the terms "acceptable".
# Henry Overton Wills II

Henry Overton Wills II (3 July 1800 – 23 November 1871) of Ashley House, in Bristol, England, was a tobacco merchant who in 1830 together with his elder brother William Day Wills co-founded W.D. & H.O. Wills, a company which (building on the successful tobacco business established by their father) by the late 1800s had become Britain's largest importer of tobacco and manufacturer of tobacco products.

## Origins

Henry Overton Wills II was born on 3 July 1800 in Bristol, the younger of the two sons of Henry Overton Wills I (1761–1826) by his wife Ann Day. In 1786 his Salisbury-born father, with his partner Samuel Watkins, had opened a tobacco shop in Bristol, which grew into a successful business.

## Career

Henry and his elder brother William Day Wills in 1815 joined their father's firm, and became co-owners of the company in 1826 when he died. In 1830 the brothers founded W.D. & H.O. Wills, which grew to become the leading importer of tobacco, and manufacturer of tobacco products in late 19th-century Britain. In 1859 Henry made his son Edward Payson Wills a partner in the firm, who succeeded to his father's interests in the company.
H.O. Wills II entered local politics in 1845 as a City Councillor for the St. Pauls district of Bristol and he continued to serve on the town council for several years until hearing problems forced him to retire from public duties. He also served in 1856 as Justice of the Peace. He was also an active a supporter of the Congregationalist faith, and he and his brother William were founder trustees in 1841 of the Hanham Chapel and in 1843 of the Barton Hill Chapel, both located in the Bristol suburbs.

## Marriages and children

H.O. Wills II married twice:
* Firstly to Isabella Board (1806–1843), by whom he had eleven children including:
** Henry Overton Wills III (1828–1911), eldest son, of Kelston Knoll, near Bath in Somerset, who funded the creation of the University of Bristol and became its first Chancellor;
** Sir Edward Payson Wills, 1st Baronet (1834–1910), second son, in 1904 created a baronet "of Hazelwood Stoke Bishop, in Westbury-on-Trym in the County of Gloucester and Clapton-in-Gordano in the County of Somerset". He donated the Jubilee Convalescent Home to Bristol.
** Sir Frederick Wills, 1st Baronet (1838–1909), 4th son, in 1897 created a baronet "of Northmoor and Manor Heath".
* Secondly he married Mary Seccombe (c.1815–1897), by whom he had another seven children, not all of whom survived to adulthood. His surviving sons by Mary Seccombe included:
** Sir Frank William Wills (1852–1932), Knight Bachelor, a noted British architect and Lord Mayor of Bristol.

## Death and burial

He died on 23 November 1871 in Bristol, and is buried in Arnos Vale Cemetery.
# Hellinsia serenus

Hellinsia serenus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Arizona, Utah, and California.
The wingspan is 23–35 mm. The head is cream-white between the antennae, while more or less brownish elsewhere. The antennae are white and the palpi are whitish. The thorax and abdomen are pale yellowish, the latter with two subdorsal pure white stripes and a slender brown dorsal stripe. The forewings are whitish to creamy or yellowish on the inner margin, blending into a deeper dull yellowish colour suffused with a light grey-brown shade in the costal region. The fringes are concolorous. The hindwings and fringes are grey brown, usually contrastingly dark but occasionally rather light in colour.

## Taxonomy

Hellinsia serenus is treated as a synonym of Hellinsia balanotes by some authors.
# Martin Luther McCoy

Martin Luther McCoy (born August 1, 1973) is an American musician and actor.

## Early life

Martin Luther McCoy is a San Francisco native from the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.

## Career

Martin collaborated extensively with musicians like The Roots and Cody ChesnuTT and appears as one of the six lead characters in the 2007 Beatles musical Across the Universe in the role of "Jo-Jo", who reflects Jimi Hendrix. In the film, McCoy performs the song "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", and "Don't Let Me Down" and also provides guitar and vocals on others.
McCoy goes by the stage name of "Martin Luther" in his music career. For his acting work he is credited under his full name.
Martin Luther developed his mix of musical genres as a child where he was raised on choir hymns through his religious parents. At the same time, he learned how to play piano and was exposed to the sounds of Parliament Funkadelic. These eclectic tastes redirected Martin Luther's interests as he experimented with the sounds of funk. He taught himself how to play the drums and the piano, incorporating the wider range of instruments into his music.
Martin Luther blends gospel with rock and R&B in his music with the release of his first solo album The Calling in 1999, and followed it with an independent release of his second album Rebel Soul Music in 2004 on his own label Rebel Soul Records; his third album "Love is the Hero" was released in 2012.
While pursuing a music career, Martin Luther continued his education, receiving a degree in Media Arts from Morehouse College with a concentration in Entertainment Law and Marketing and graduated in 1992.

## Discography
### Albums

* The Calling (1999)
* Rebel Soul Music (2004)
* Love is the Hero (2012)
# Shelby Scott

Shelby Scott (born Shelby Schuck; January 6, 1936 – June 1, 2022) was an American journalist and union leader who was a longtime reporter for WBZ-TV in Boston. She began her career in Seattle, where she was the city's first female newscaster. She was employed by WBZ-TV from 1965 to 1996, where she became known for her blizzard coverage. She served as president of the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists from 1993 to 2001 and helped lead that union's merger with the Screen Actors Guild.

## Early life

Scott was born in Seattle on January 6, 1936, to Harry and Inga Ring Schuck. Her father was a building maintenance man and her mother was a grade-school teacher and a Finnish immigrant. She graduated from Franklin High School and earned a bachelor's degree in communications from the University of Washington.

## Journalism

Scott began her career as a traffic manager for KIRO-TV in Seattle. She later served as an on-air reporter, writer, film editor, and documentary producer for KIRO-TV.
In 1965 she moved to Boston's WBZ-TV, where, at the suggestion of station management, she went by Shelby Scott on-air. Her first story for the station was the Northeast blackout of 1965. In 1966 she began anchoring WBZ's News at Noon. In 1975 she began anchoring the station's 5:30 pm news broadcast as well. In 1978 she and Gail Harris became the city's first all-female anchor team.
In 1980 she was demoted from the anchor desk to general assignment reporter. She covered politics and state government, but became most known for her coverage of winter storms. She retired from WBZ in February 1996, but continued to cover storms for the station as a freelance reporter.

## AFTRA

Scott served as president of the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists' Boston local and was elected to the union's national board in 1981. After serving as national first vice president, she was elected president of AFTRA in 1993. In 1999 the union approved a constitutional amendment eliminating term-limits on the presidency, which allowed Scott to serve a fourth two-year term. In 1997, President Bill Clinton appointed her to the Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters. She was one of the SAG and AFTRA leaders who led the movement to merge the two unions in 2012.

## Later life

Scott retired to Tucson, Arizona, but maintained a summer home on Cushing Island in Maine. She died on June 1, 2022, at her home in Tucson.
# Threads of Fate (film)

Threads of Fate is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Eugene Nowland and starring Viola Dana, Augustus Phillips and Richard Tucker.

## Cast

* Viola Dana as Dorothea
* Augustus Phillips as Tom Wentworth
* Richard Tucker as Dr. Grant Hunter
* Fred C. Jones as Marquis Giovanni del Carnacacchi
* Helen Strickland as Sarah Wentworth
* Nellie Grant as Marcella
* Robert Whittier as Jim Gregory
# Exastilithoxus fimbriatus

Exastilithoxus fimbriatus is a species of armored catfish endemic to Venezuela where it is found in the Caroni and Matacuni River basins. This species grows to a length of 6.0 centimetres (2.4 in) SL.
# Kodaira (disambiguation)

Kodaira is a city near Tokyo, Japan.
It may also refer to:
* Kodaira (surname)
* 6500 Kodaira
# Henry Owen (disambiguation)

Henry Owen was a Welsh theologian.
Henry Owen may also refer to:
* Henry D. Owen (1920–2011), American diplomat
* Henry Owen, character in Phobia
* Henry Owen, Sheriff of Anglesey in 1652
# Little Ridge, Albert County, New Brunswick

Little Ridge is a small community just outside Alma, New Brunswick.
It has a population of 21 and a summer population of 33. It is also a rocky ridge which most of the community is on. Fog from the Bay of Fundy often gets blown in from the southwest and gets trapped on its Western edge. Lockhart Lake, New Brunswick is inside this community, with an arid area around it. The only road running through the community is Route 915, running from Alma, New Brunswick to Riverside-Albert, New Brunswick.
# Hellinsia nauarches

Hellinsia nauarches is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Peru, Argentina and Bolivia.
The wingspan is 27 mm. Adults are on wing in March, June, November and December, at an altitude above 2,750 meters.
# Paurano

Paurano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, in the comune of Colle di Val d'Elsa, province of Siena.
Paurano is about 32 km from Siena and 10 km from Colle di Val d'Elsa.
# Martin Vidnovic

Martin Vidnovic (born January 4, 1948) is an American actor and singer.

## Biography

He is of Serbian descent. Born in Falls Church, Virginia, Vidnovic graduated from the College-Conservatory of Music (part of the University of Cincinnati) with a Bachelor of Fine Arts.
Vidnovic made his Broadway debut in the ill-fated Home Sweet Homer (1976) which, following a one-year tour, closed on opening night. He fared better with his next three projects, revivals of The King and I (1977) as Lun Tha, Oklahoma! (1979) as Jud Fry, and Brigadoon (1980) as Tommy Albright. Vidnovic's performance in Baby (1983) won him the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical. Additional Broadway credits include A Grand Night for Singing (1993), and Saul in King David (1997).
He was a replacement in the lead role of Sky Masterson in the second Broadway revival of Guys and Dolls.
He was cast in the 1998 stage adaptation of Footloose but was replaced during previews.
Off-Broadway, Vidnovic was cast as El Gallo late in the run of the original production of The Fantasticks and appeared in the 2006 revival as Bellomy. Additional off-Broadway credits include Lies and Legends: The Musical Stories of Harry Chapin (1985), Olympus on My Mind (1986), and the 2003 Jerry Herman revue Showtune.
Most recently in 2011, he played the principal role of Mal Beineke in the first US national tour of The Addams Family.

## Family

Vidnovic was briefly married in the late 1970s to voice teacher Linda Wonneberger, with whom he has a daughter, the actress Laura Benanti.
Vidnovic is also the uncle of former Minor Threat bassist Steve Hansgen.

## Additional nominations

* 1981 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical (Brigadoon)
* 1981 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical (Brigadoon)
* 1980 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical (Oklahoma!)
# University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk

The University Clinical Centre in Gdańsk (Polish: Uniwersyteckie Centrum Kliniczne w Gdańsku, abbreviated as UCK) is the main teaching hospital at the Medical University of Gdańsk. It is a multi-speciality hospital, the largest in the north of Poland and one of the largest in the country. It includes the Invasive Medicine Centre, completed in 2011 as one of the most modern medical facilities in Europe and the Non-Invasive Medicine Centre opened in 2018, which houses some of the hospital's in-patient departments, referred to in Polish terminology as clinics.

## Organisational structure of health services

In terms of patient treatment, the University Clinical Centre consists of the following in-patient clinics:

### In-patient clinics

* Clinic of Allergology and Pneumology
* Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
* Clinic of Thoracic Surgery
* Clinic of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery
* Clinic of Oncological Surgery
* Clinic of Plastic Surgery
* Clinic of Orthopaedics
* Clinic of Ophthalmology
* Care and Health Facility - long-term care
* Primary Care
* Clinic of Mental Illnesses and Neurotic Disorders
* Clinical Centre of Cardiology
* Clinic of Otolaryngology with Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
* Clinic of Internal Diseases, Connective Tissue Diseases and Geriatrics
* Clinic of Endocrinology and Internal Diseases
* Clinic of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology
* Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
* Occupational Medicine
* Clinic of Haematology and Transplantology
* Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery
* Clinic of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects
* Clinic of Arterial Hypertension and Diabetology
* Clinic of Paediatric and Adolescent Kidney Diseases and Hypertension
* Clinic of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases
* Clinic of Neurosurgery
* Clinic of Adult Neurology
* Clinic of Developmental Neurology
* Clinic of Oncology and Radiotherapy
* Clinic of Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology
* Clinic of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology
* Clinic of Rehabilitation
* Clinical Emergency Department
* Clinic of Gynaecology, Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology
* Clinic of Obstetrics
* Clinic of Neonatology
* Clinic of Urology
# Fulford

Fulford may refer to:

## Places

* Fulford, Quebec, Canada
* Fulford, North Yorkshire, England
* Fulford, Somerset, England
* Fulford, Staffordshire, England
* Fulford, Colorado, United States
* Fulford, Florida, United States

## Other uses

* Fulford (surname)
* Battle of Fulford
# Inquisitor kurodai

Inquisitor kurodai, common name Kuroda's turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 35 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Japan and the Philippines.
# Coleophora esignata

Coleophora esignata is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Mongolia.
# Liu Jun (Southern Han)

Liu Jun (劉濬), courtesy name Boshen (伯深), was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Southern Han, at one point serving as a chancellor.

## Background

It is not known when Liu Jun was born. His father Liu Chongwang was a prominent late-Tang official and served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. Several of his uncles, including Liu Chongwang's older brother Liu Chonggui (劉崇龜), were also prominent.
During Emperor Zhaozong's reign, the realm was in great turmoil. Sometime after Liu Chonggui's becoming the military governor (Jiedushi) of Qinghai Circuit (清海, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), early in Emperor Zhaozong's Dashun era (890-891), Liu Jun, wanting to avoid the turmoils, followed his uncle Liu Chonggui to Qinghai and became dependent on Liu Chonggui. He remained at Qinghai's capital Guang Prefecture (廣州) after Liu Chonggui's death in the middle of Emperor Zhaozong's Qianning era (894-898).

## Service under Liu Yin

Liu Chonggui had, in or around 894, commissioned Liu Yin as the defender of Heshui Base (賀水鎮, in modern Nanning, Guangxi), and then as the prefect of Feng Prefecture (封州, in modern Zhaoqing, Guangdong). Therefore, after Liu Yin subsequently became the military governor of Qinghai, first in an acting capacity in 901 and then officially in 904, Liu Yin, in showing gratitude to Liu Chonggui, treated Liu Jun with respect. He invited Liu Jun to serve on his staff, serving with Li Yinheng and Ni Shu, often consulting them on key decisions.

## Service under Liu Yan

In 917, Liu Yin's brother and successor Liu Yan, who had previously been a vassal of Tang's successor state Later Liang, declared himself emperor of a new state of Yue (later changed to Han, and therefore historically known as Southern Han). He commissioned Liu Jun as the minister of imperial clan affairs (宗正卿, Zhongzheng Qing) and deputy minister of public works (工部侍郎, Gongbu Shilang). Toward the end of Liu Yan's Qianheng era (917-925), there was a time when Liu Yan mobilized an army and placed it at Chao Prefecture (潮州, in modern Chaozhou, Guangdong), preparing to launch it against Southern Han's northeastern neighbor Min. Liu Jun found this inadvisable, so he discussed this with the chancellor Yang Dongqian. Yang agreed with him and tried to dissuade Liu Yan, to no avail. In 924, Liu Yan led the troops to take up a position between Min's Ting (汀州, in modern Longyan, Fujian) and Zhang (漳州, in modern Zhangzhou, Fujian) Prefectures. A Min army attacked him, and he was forced to withdraw. He thus greatly regretted not listening to Yang and Liu Jun.
After Yang died in 936, Liu Yan promoted Liu Jun to be chancellor, with the titles of Zhongshu Shilang (中書侍郎) and Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), to replace Yang. It was said that Liu Jun was honest and frugal. He often encouraged Liu Yan to love his people and rest his army, in terms that were delicate but firm. He died while serving as chancellor, but the date was not given. (As nothing was said about his serving under Liu Yan's successors, presumably he died before Liu Yan's death in 942.)
# Tamil activism

Articles on Tamil activism:
* Tamil ethnic nationalist activism:
** anti-Brahminism
** Self-respect movement
** Dravidar Kazhagam
* Tamil linguistic activism
** Tanittamil Iyakkam
** Anti-Hindi agitations
# Martin Villarama Jr.

Martin S. Villarama Jr. (born April 14, 1946) is a Filipino lawyer who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from November 3, 2009, to January 16, 2016. Prior to his appointment as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, he served as Associate Justice of the Court of Appeals since March 11, 1998. He also served in the Regional Trial Court of Pasig as Judge from 1986 to 1998 and as its Executive Judge from 1992 to 1996.

## Early life and education

Villarama was born on April 14, 1946. He obtained his degree in Business Administration from De La Salle University. He took Bachelor of Laws from Manuel L. Quezon University.

## Career

Villarama had begun his law career as a technical assistant in the Legal Research Division (now Office of the Chief Attorney) of the Supreme Court in 1970. He then worked as Legal Counsel or corporate secretary for several companies including the Philippine Carpet Manufacturing Corporation, UTEX, FILSYN, and Philippine Cotton Corporation. He also worked as a lecturer for Manuel L. Quezon University from 1973 up to 1994. He rejoined the Judiciary after being appointed as Judge of the Pasig Regional Trial Court and served there from November 5, 1986, to April 5, 1998. He served as its Executive Judge from 1992 to 1996. He then served as the Associate Justice of Court of Appeals from 1998 until 2009 where he served as chair of the Fifth Division and supervising justice of the Judicial Records Division. He also served as examiner in the 2004 Bar Examinations and as lecturer at the Philippine Judicial Academy in 2007.
In November 2009, after a few nominations to the Supreme Court, he was appointed as the 166th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines by then President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. He assumed the vacated post by retired Associate Justice Consuelo Ynares-Santiago. In January 2012, at the height of the Impeachment of Chief Justice Renato Corona he made news by voluntarily releasing his Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth to news organizations. On January 16, 2016, he retired early citing a deteriorating health condition due to this double-knee metal implantation in 2013 and cataract operation in 2014. His retirement was three months ahead of his 70th birthday, which was the mandatory retirement age.

### Awards

Throughout his career, Villarama has gotten a number of awards for his service. He is a recipient of Ulirang Ama Award for Law and Judiciary in 1997 and Katangi-tanging Anak ng Angat, Bulacan in 2003. During the 71st anniversary of the Court of Appeals he was recognized as one of the justices with the least pending cases. Prior to that he was already awarded the Zero-Backlog Cash Award on February 2, 2001, and October 27, 2009. He was also awarded as an Outstanding Alumnus of Manuel L. Quezon University in 2010.
# Upasana Makati

Upasana Makati is a Mumbai-based entrepreneur, founder of White Print, and activist for the visually impaired. In 2016, she was named one of Forbes India's 30 Under 30.

## Education

Makati studied communication at the University of Ottawa.

## White Print

In 2013, Upasana Makati considered how visually impaired people began their day, so she visited schools to find out. After discovering few options for the visually impaired to read without the assistance of a screen reader, she founded White Print, India's first English lifestyle magazine published in braille. The magazine prints 64 pages and covers topics like art, sports, politics, and film.
The magazine is a for-profit, paid for via traditional methods like subscribers and corporate advertisements.