OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh

Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh (/ˈlɒxlɪn oʊˈræfərti/; 11 March 1933 – 18 November 2000) was an Irish physicist in the field of theoretical particle physics. He is best known for the O'Raifeartaigh Theorem, a result in unification theory, and the O'Raifeartaigh Model of supersymmetry breaking.
O'Raifeartaigh was born in Clontarf, Dublin in 1933, and attended St. Joseph's C.B.S. in Fairview and Castleknock College. Most of his scientific career was centred on that city, where he obtained his first degrees at University College Dublin (BA in 1953 and MSc in Mathematical Physics in 1956), and spent from 1968 until his death as Senior Professor at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Zurich in 1960, under Walter Heitler. He also visited many institutions, notably Madras, IHES Bures, and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, but it was during an extended stay at Syracuse University (1964-8) that he made the discovery that established his reputation. This result, which became known as O'Raifeartaigh's no-go theorem, showed that it was impossible to combine internal and relativistic symmetries other than in a trivial fashion, thus ending a widespread quest by the particle physics community to achieve this fusion. The O'Raifeartaigh theorem was later generalized to a result known as the Coleman–Mandula theorem.
O'Raifeartaigh's prolific career in theoretical physics was manifested by many fundamental contributions to the application of symmetries in particle physics. In the 1970s he showed that the new supersymmetries could provide a mechanism (O'Raifeartaigh's mechanism) for circumventing his no-go theorem which had assumed only classical Lie group symmetries. In the 1980s he applied non-Abelian gauge theory to the analysis of magnetic monopoles. His interests encompassed the spin-statistics theorem, Kac–Moody and W-algebras, and included early contributions to the theory of non-invariance (dynamical) groups, among much else. His long and productive career in the application of symmetry methods to theoretical physics was acknowledged by the award of the Wigner Medal in August 2000.
Lochlainn is the father of Cormac O'Raifeartaigh, an Irish physicist and of Úna Ní Raifeartaigh, an Irish lawyer who has been a Judge of the High Court and is currently serving as a Judge of the Court of Appeal.
# Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela

Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela may refer to:
* Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela (conquistador) (active 1536–1538), Cordobese conquistador who took part in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca and died in Córdoba, Spain
* Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela (rector) [es] (died 1572), Cordobese first rector of the University of Lima who traveled to the Viceroyalty of Peru and died in Lima
# Colitas

Colitas (little tails) may refer to:
* A slang term in Hispanic culture for the buttocks
* A slang term in Mexico for the buds of the cannabis plant
# Henry Burnell (cricketer)

Henry Blomfield Burnell (14 November 1853 — 19 October 1910) was an English first-class cricketer and barrister.
The son of Blomfield Burnell, he was born at Upper Clapton in November 1853. He was educated at Harrow School, before going up to Christ's College, Cambridge. A student of Lincoln's Inn, he was called to the bar in May 1879. In the same year he made played in a first-class cricket match for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Kent at Tunbridge Wells. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for a single run by Edward O'Shaughnessy. Burnell died at St John's Wood in October 1910.
# Tass River

The Tass River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows predominantly northeast from its origins in the Southern Alps east of Lake Hochstetter, reaching the Upper Grey River close to the southern tip of the Victoria Forest Park.
# Matt Kasmir

Matt Kasmir is a British visual effects supervisor. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Visual Effects for the film The Midnight Sky.

## Selected filmography

* The Midnight Sky (2020; co-nominated with Christopher Lawrence, Max Solomon and David Watkins)
# Vade Mecum

Vade Mecum is an album by American jazz trumpeter Bill Dixon recorded in 1993 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
| The Virgin Encyclopedia of Jazz | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz & Blues Album Guide | |
In his review for AllMusic, Brian Olewnick states "The expansiveness and airiness of the sound here is one of this record's most striking qualities."
The authors of The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings called "Anamorphosis" "one of Dixon's most thoughtful conceptions," and commented: "Inside almost all of Dixon's small group recordings there is a dark pressure, like the imprint of a much larger composition that has been denied full expression. That is profoundly evident on Vade Mecum."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Bill Dixon
* "Moment" - 4:24
* "Anamorphosis" - 12:29
* "Viale Nino Bixio 20" - 9:17
* "Pellucity"- 9:04
* "Vade Mecum" - 15:52
* "Twice Upon a Time" - 13:12
* "Acanthus" - 13:25

## Personnel

* Bill Dixon - trumpet, flugelhorn
* Barry Guy, William Parker - bass
* Tony Oxley - percussion
# Garfield, New Mexico

Garfield is a census-designated place in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 137 at the time of the 2010 census. Garfield has a post office with ZIP code 87936, which opened on September 19, 1896. The community is located on New Mexico State Road 187 south of Exit 51 of Interstate 25.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of 0.777 square miles (2.01 km$^2$), all land.

## Education

Garfield is within Hatch Valley Public Schools. The district operates Garfield Elementary School.
# Interactive Awards

The Interactive Awards are awarded to artists, bands and music organizations that use the internet in an inventive way to market (their) music. Since 2008 the Interactive Awards are presented on an annual basis during The European Music Conference and Showcase Festival Eurosonic Noorderslag in the Dutch city of Groningen. The award aims to encourage European talent and highlight artists and bands that inspire others in an interactive field. Two awards are presented at the Interactive Awards, namely the Company Award and the Artist Award. The Artist Award aims to highlight artists or bands with special online initiatives. The prize includes a gift of 5000 euros. The Company Award was introduced to support online (music) portals and was added to the Interactive Awards in 2010. The Interactive Awards are an initiative of internet agency theFactor.e and Dutch Music rights Foundation Buma/Stemra. The Interactive Awards are hosted by Eurosonic Noorderslag.

## Winners

2011
* Artist Award: Palomine
* Company Award: 22tracks
2010
* Artist Award: Krause
* Company Award: Sellaband
2009
* Artist Award: Silence is Sexy
2008
* Artist Award: VanKatoen
# F. William Nicks

Frank William Nicks (9 October 1906 – 4 January 1972) was a Canadian banker who served from 1958 to 1970 as president and from 1962 to 1972 as chairman of the Bank of Nova Scotia.
# Heaving line knot

A heaving line knot is a family of knots which are used for adding weight to the end of a rope, to make the rope easier to throw. In nautical use, a heaving line knot is often tied to the end of a messenger line, which is then used for pulling a larger rope, such as a hawser. There are several distinct knots which all share the common name, heaving line knot. The monkey fist is a well-known heaving line knot.

## Tying Stopper knot

Make a bight in the tail end of the rope. Wrap the working end around the tail toward the bight end, with multiple turns. Complete the knot by passing the tail end through the bight loop.
* Make a bight
* Wrap the working end around
* Put the end through the bight
* Tighten by pulling on the standing part to close the bight

## Similar knots

* ABOK #2203
* Hangman's knot
* ABOK #427 Scout coil
# Neosybra fuscosignata

Neosybra fuscosignata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1940.
# Krasava

Krasava is a village in the municipality of Krupanj, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 649 people.
# Target strength

The target strength or acoustic size is a measure of the area of a sonar target. This is usually quantified as a number of decibels. For fish such as salmon, the target size varies with the length of the fish and a 5 cm fish could have a target strength of about -50 dB.
The target strength of a fish also depends on the orientation of the fish at the moment of sonification, which in turn changes the scattering cross-section of the fish and any air-filled cavities of the fish. The effect of this means that behavioral reaction affects observed biomass, for example fish evading the research vessel at night due to strong lights and vibrations from the hull and machinery. Target strength is often observed on or near a specific frequency where the target is most resonant. Narrowband (CW) pulses has historically been used, but there is ongoing research into using wideband (FM) pulses for improved classification.

## Formula

For some simple shapes, target strength can be derived mathematically. For other objects like fish, where the size of the air bladder is the main factor, target strength is commonly derived empirically.
Target strength (TS) is referenced to 1 meter from the acoustic center of the target, assuming isotropic reflection:
$TS=10\cdot \log \left({\frac {I_{r}}{I_{i}}}\right)dB=10\cdot \log \left[{\frac {\sigma }{4\pi }}\right]dB$
Where:
I$_r${\textstyle I_{r}} is the reflected intensity from target
I$_i${\textstyle I_{i}} is the incident intensity on target
$\sigma$ is the backscattering cross-section
Target strength of a sphere with radius $a$, large compared to the wavelength, assuming reference distance 1 meter:
$\sigma =\pi \cdot a^{2}$
$TS=10\cdot \log \left[{\frac {\sigma }{4\pi }}\right]dB=10\cdot \log \left[{\frac {a^{2}}{4}}\right]dB$
Thus, for a sphere of radius 2 meter, the target strength is 0 dB.
NOAA has a calculator that can be used to inspect the target strength of calibration spheres made out of copper or tungsten carbide in relation to physical parameters found in the ocean.
# Herb Asher

Herbert B. Asher (born October 31, 1944) is a professor emeritus of political science at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. He is a well known commentator on current political events, writing numerous books on political polling and the like. One of the foremost authorities on Ohio politics, he has been interviewed by a host of news organizations that include CNN and CNBC. He gave the commencement address to Ohio State's graduating class of Winter 1996.
Asher received his BA in mathematics from Bucknell in 1966 and both his MA (1968) and PhD (1970) in political science from the University of Michigan. Asher was for many years both a tenured professor in the Department of Political Science and in charge of government relations for The Ohio State University. He went on to serve on the Ohio Ethics Commission and has since returned to the University. Today he serves as Special Counselor to the President of the University, advising her on policy decisions.
# Master of Alkmaar

The Master of Alkmaar was a Dutch painter active around Alkmaar at the beginning of the sixteenth century. Their name is derived from a series of panel paintings from the church of Saint Lawrence in that city, dated to 1504 and showing the Seven Works of Mercy; they are currently in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
The paintings, bearing the stamp of Geertgen tot Sint Jans, are done in bright colors, and their figures are drawn in an exaggeratedly caricatured manner. It has been proposed that this artist is identical to Cornelis Buys I, the brother of Jacob Cornelisz van Oostsanen; he is known to have been active in Alkmaar between 1490 and 1524. More recently, the name of Pieter Gerritsz, originally of Haarlem, has been proposed, he being in Alkmaar beginning in 1502. This artist, in 1518, was compensated for a painting of Saint Bavo in Haarlem, and his name can be found in records of the Egmond Abbey and of the church of Saint Lawrence in Alkmaar, over a period covering the years 1515 to 1529.
# Interactive (disambiguation)

Interactive is defined as:
* Interactivity, acting with each other, two interactive systems
* Interactive computing, responding to the user

## Companies

* IAC/InterActiveCorp, an Internet company
* Interactive Systems Corporation (ISC), a defunct software company

## Music

* "Interactive", song by Prince Crystal Ball (box set)
* Interactive (band), an electronic music group
# F. Whitlock & Sons Ltd

F. Whitlock and Sons Ltd was a New Zealand-based company, well known for producing a popular range of Whitlock's pickles and sauces onwards from 1877.

## Company history

The company was started by Frederick Whitlock (1833–1908) in Wanganui, New Zealand. Initially, manufacturing took place in the backyard of Frederick's residence before a purpose built factory was built in London Street, Wanganui in around 1902.
Products manufactured included Tomato Sauce, Worcestershire Sauce, Chutney, Chow Chow, Piccalilli, Vinegar, Cordials and Liqueur flavourings. In the early days, product was distributed by horse and cart locally and by ship to Nelson, Wellington, New Plymouth, Dunedin, Timaru, Christchurch, Greymouth and Auckland.
F. Whitlock & Sons Ltd was very much a family business, with four generations of Whitlocks joining and running the company before it was sold in 1985 to Australian company R M Gow Ltd. Thereafter, the company changed hands a couple more times before being purchased by another well known New Zealand food manufacturer, Cerebos Gregg Ltd. A short time later, the original plant and fittings were removed to Auckland and the Wanganui land and factory buildings were sold.
In 2018 Kraft Heinz acquired Cerebos Gregg Ltd and along with it F. Whitlock & Sons Ltd.
# Heaving line bend

The heaving line bend is a knot for securely joining two ropes of different diameter or rigidity. It is often used to affix playing strings to the thick silk eyes of an anchorage knot in some stringed instruments. In nautical use, the heaving line bend is used to connect a lighter messenger line to a hawser when mooring ships. It is knot number 1463 in The Ashley Book of Knots, and appeared in the 1916 Swedish knot manual Om Knutar.
The heaving line bend is similar to the sheet bend and the racking bend, and may be used to pass a thick rope to a distant receiver by first throwing the end of a thinner rope which may be weighted with a monkey fist or a heaving line knot.

## Tying steps

The heaving line bend is tied the same way as the sheet bend with one difference: the final crossing of the thin end is done in the opposite direction, so the thin end points away from the thin line, essentially in the same direction as the thick end, towards the thick line. This avoids jamming when the thin line is pulled to carry the thick end out of reach.
* Make a bight in the larger line.
* Pass the lighter line around the standing part of the bight.
* Cross between the larger and the lighter line on the back side.
* Finish by tucking the end between its turn around the standing part of the bight and that leg; pull tight.
# Neosybra granulipennis

Neosybra granulipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1954.
# Kristian Ealey

Kristian John Ealey (21 November 1977 – 3 May 2016) was a British actor and musician. He was best known for starring in the soap operas Brookside from 1998 to 2000 and Hollyoaks from 2000 to 2004 playing Matt Musgrove. He died in his sleep at the age of 38 on 3 May 2016.

## Career

Ealey was born in Lancashire. While growing up in Liverpool, he appeared in an episode of Bread at the age of nine. More than ten years passed before he got his big break appearing as regular Matt Musgrove in the Channel 4 soap Brookside from 1998 to 2000. The character appeared again in another soap Hollyoaks until 2004. He also appeared in the spin-offs Hollyoaks: Indecent Behaviour in 2001 and Hollyoaks: After Hours in 2004. The latter was to be his last appearance in the show.
At this time, he was also working as a musician, becoming the lead singer and guitarist in Liverpool band Tramp Attack. Following this he joined the band Edgar Jones and the Joneses. In 2000, he played Ringo Starr in the television movie In His Life: The John Lennon Story.

## Death

Ealey died suddenly in his sleep on 2/3 May 2016 while in Italy. He had reportedly been complaining of a pain in his arm before he went to bed but further details have yet to be released. The actor was 38 at the time of death and was father to a son, Jake. His death hit headlines on many national newspapers and websites with tributes from friends and former colleagues.
# Herrold

Herrold is a surname of Anglo-Saxon origin, meaning "love of the army". Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Herrold (1875-1948), American inventor and pioneer radio broadcaster
* Maurice Herrold (1869-1949), New Zealand rugby union player
* Myha'la Herrold (born 1996), American actress
# Master of Accountancy

The Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAcy, or MAccy), alternatively Master of Science in Accounting (MSA or MSAcy) or Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy, MPAcc, MPA or MPAc), is a graduate professional degree designed to prepare students for public accounting; academic-focused variants are also offered.
In the United States, the program provides students with the 150 credit hours of classroom, but mostly clinical hours, required by most states before taking the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination. This specialty program usually runs one to two years in length and contains from ten to twelve three semester credit courses (30 to 36 semester hours total). The program may consist of all graduate accounting courses or a combination of graduate accounting courses, graduate management, tax, leadership and other graduate business electives. The program is designed to not only prepare students for the CPA examination but also to provide a strong knowledge of accounting principles and business applications.
Similar graduate programs exist in Canada, where certain universities such as Brock University's Goodman School of Business, Carleton University's Sprott School of Business, University of Saskatchewan's Edwards School of Business, and University of Waterloo's School of Accounting and Finance offer master's programs and waive all education requirements up until the Common Final Examination (CFE) in order to become a Canadian CPA.
A Master of Professional Accounting can also be obtained from Australian universities to qualify for the Australian CPA, IPA or CA.
As above, in other countries the degree's purpose may differ. Where the Bachelor of Accountancy is the prerequisite for professional practice, for example in South Africa, the Master of Accountancy then comprises specialized coursework in a specific area of accountancy (computer auditing, taxation...), as opposed to CPA preparation as above. It may also be offered as a research based program, granting access to doctoral programs.
Graduates entering corporate accounting or consulting often additionally (alternatively) pursue the Certified Management Accountant (CMA), Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) or other such certifications.
# Shiriyanetta

Shiriyanetta hasegawai is an extinct species of seaduck from the Pleistocene of Japan. It was flightless, similar to the also extinct Chendytes from the opposite side of the Pacific.
# FHM Australia

FHM was the Australian edition of the British monthly men's lifestyle magazine called FHM. The magazine was published between April 1998 and May 2012 in Australia.

## History and profile

FHM Australia was first published in April 1998. The founding company was EMAP Australia. The magazine was part of and published by ACP Magazines. The company acquired EMAP Australia in 2008. The headquarters was in Sydney. Guy Mosel served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine, which was published on a monthly basis.
In 2006, Lauryn Eagle won the FHM Lara Croft Challenge involved physical challenges of shooting, running, ropes, ladders, 4-wheel driving and swimming. FHM Australia went defunct with its May 2012 issue.

## FHM 100 Sexiest Women in the World

Each of FHM's international editions publish yearly rankings for the sexiest women alive based on public and editorial voting through the magazine's website. Dates of magazine issues, winners, ages of winners at the time of selection, and pertinent comments are listed below for the Australian edition.
| Year | Choice | Age |
| 2000 | Jennifer Lopez | 31 |
| 2010 | Miranda Kerr | 27 |
| 2011 | Rosie Huntington | 24 |
# Helen Reid

Helen Reid may refer to:
* Helen Rogers Reid, American newspaper publisher
* Helen Richmond Young Reid, Canadian social reformer
# Neosybra cylindracea

Neosybra cylindracea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1940.
# Compton Acres

Compton Acres is a housing development located to the south west of West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, England, on the rural-urban fringe. Compton Acres also borders with the villages of Ruddington and Wilford. Most of the estate was built in the 1990s.
The name Compton Acres is taken from a garden in Poole, Dorset. Many of the streets are named after areas in Dorset, or trees.
The architecture of the area is typical for houses of its age, mostly being neo-Tudor or neo-Victorian. The district centre is Compton Acres Shopping Centre, which has a variety of general stores including a small Tesco supermarket and several restaurants. Further up Compton Acres is The Apple Tree pub. There were plans for a large Sainsbury's superstore on the site of the old Chateau public house, between The Becket School and the "Roko" gym, but these have been scrapped and the land sold to the supermarket chain Lidl. On this site there is now a large car park with a Lidl, PureGym, Indigo Sun (tanning salon), Starbucks and a fish and chip shop; this was opened on 24th February 2022 and nearby is a new Aldi, opened November 2023. Linden Homes have built 170 new houses on a floodplain between "Roko" and the new Rushcliffe Arena on an area of brownfield land, the site of a former waste tip.
The Nottingham Emmanuel School and The Becket School are two secondary schools located in Compton Acres, which both opened in 2008/2009.
The Nottingham Express Transit (tram system) runs along the disused railway line, and opened in 2015. Compton Acres has its own tram stop.
Compton Acres is itself a ward
The area is a popular residential location for commuters into the centre of Nottingham, approximately three miles away on the north bank of the River Trent, although about 9% of workers are based at home in a growing segment of self-employed workers.

## History

Before construction of the estate, the area was mainly marshland punctuated with willow trees, many of which have been incorporated into the leafy feel of the area. In the estate there are open greens, parks and tree lined paths. A proportion of the estate to the east sits on a former waste tip. There are ponds scattered across the area where many families go to feed the ducks.

## Economy

Wattbike is near Ruddington Lane tram stop.

## Architecture and housing
### Neighbouring Neighbourhoods

* Abbey Park
* Wilford
* Wilford Hill
* Silverdale
# Masojedy

Masojedy is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.