OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Long code (mathematics)

In theoretical computer science and coding theory, the long code is an error-correcting code that is locally decodable. Long codes have an extremely poor rate, but play a fundamental role in the theory of hardness of approximation.

## Definition

Let $f_{1},\dots ,f_{2^{n}}:\{0,1\}^{k}\to \{0,1\}$ for $k=\log n$ be the list of all functions from $\{0,1\}^{k}\to \{0,1\}$. Then the long code encoding of a message $x\in \{0,1\}^{k}$ is the string $f_{1}(x)\circ f_{2}(x)\circ \dots \circ f_{2^{n}}(x)$ where $\circ$ denotes concatenation of strings. This string has length $2^{n}=2^{2^{k}}$.
The Walsh-Hadamard code is a subcode of the long code, and can be obtained by only using functions $f_{i}$ that are linear functions when interpreted as functions $\mathbb {F} _{2}^{k}\to \mathbb {F} _{2}$ on the finite field with two elements. Since there are only $2^{k}$ such functions, the block length of the Walsh-Hadamard code is $2^{k}$.
An equivalent definition of the long code is as follows: The Long code encoding of $j\in [n]$ is defined to be the truth table of the Boolean dictatorship function on the $j$th coordinate, i.e., the truth table of $f:\{0,1\}^{n}\to \{0,1\}$ with $f(x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})=x_{j}$. Thus, the Long code encodes a $(\log n)$-bit string as a $2^{n}$-bit string.

## Properties

The long code does not contain repetitions, in the sense that the function $f_{i}$ computing the $i$th bit of the output is different from any function $f_{j}$ computing the $j$th bit of the output for $j\neq i$. Among all codes that do not contain repetitions, the long code has the longest possible output. Moreover, it contains all non-repeating codes as a subcode.
# Easton–River de Chute Border Crossing

The Easton–River de Chute Border Crossing connects the towns of Easton, Maine and Wicklow, New Brunswick on the Canada–US border. Historically, two roads entered Easton from Canada, but in the late 1950s, the Canada closed its Beaconsfield crossing on Nicholson Road, so the US government moved its border station from its original location near the intersection of Ladner and Curtis Roads. After the move, the US Customs Service operated out of at least three different mobile trailers until 2012, when it finally constructed a permanent border inspection station.
The crossing is open for limited hours every day; the nearby Fort Fairfield–Andover Border Crossing is open 24 hours a day. About 4,000 crossings use the station a year, or an average of fewer than 11 a day.
# Long Pond Ironworks State Park

Long Pond Ironworks State Park is located in the community of Hewitt, in West Milford, New Jersey, United States. The park is known for its old stone walls, furnaces and other remnants of a once industrious ironworking community that now sits next to the swiftly flowing Wanaque River. The park is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry and has an area of 145 acres (0.59 km$^2$).

## Historic District

The Long Pond Ironworks were added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1974, for their significance in industry. The ironworks were founded in 1766 by Peter Hasenclever. Hasenclever brought 500 ironworkers and their families from Germany to build an ironworks "plantation". A dam at "Long Pond" (Greenwood Lake) provided the waterpower needed to operate a blast for the furnace and a large forge. The ironworks produced iron for the Continental Army, for the American forces in the War of 1812, and for the Union Army during the Civil War. Metalmaking stopped at the site in 1882 when the ironworks was bankrupted by newer facilities in Pittsburgh.
The remnants of the ironmaking structures at the district date from the 18th and 19th centuries. There are furnaces, casting house ruins, charging areas, ice houses, water wheels and other structures. The area is currently undergoing restoration. The "Old Country Store" has been renovated and now houses the Long Pond Ironworks Museum. The original Village of Hewitt grew up around the 19th-century iron enterprise. This settlement included a church, a store/post office, schoolhouses, and dwellings and outbuildings for workers and managers.
There are many structures within Long Pond Ironworks. There are two main water wheels in fairly good condition, despite one of the wheels being burned by vandals in 1957. There are also several furnaces of various sizes located on the property. Long Pond Ironworks Historic Site offers a tour of the historic area, where slag and charcoal produced by the ironworks are visible.

## Monksville Reservoir

Known for its trophy size muskellunge, walleye, bass and trout, Monksville Reservoir, atop the defunct community of Monksville, New Jersey is used by anglers, sporting clubs and the US Sailing Association. Easily accessible from either the north or the south boat ramp, the area is open throughout the year.
# Eclipta aegrota

Eclipta aegrota is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1872.
# Eczemothea

Eczemothea is a genus of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. Its only species is Eczemothea pustulifera. It was described by Schwarzer in 1926.
# Lophophelma eupines

Lophophelma eupines is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by West in 1930. It is found in the Philippines.
# Lodging (agriculture)

Lodging is the bending over of the stems near ground level of grain crops, which makes them very difficult to harvest, and can dramatically reduce yield. Lodging in cereals is often a result of the combined effects of inadequate standing power of the crop, and conditions such as rain, wind, hail, topography, soil, previous crop, and others.
Lodging affects wheat, rice, and other cereals, and reducing it is a major goal of agricultural research. Dwarf varieties, which are shorter, are one way of reducing lodging.
Lodging may occur at the root or the stem; the latter typically happens later, when the stem is dry and brittle. The timing of lodging can control its effect on yield, disease, grain moisture, quality, and evenness of ripening.
# Lodging (disambiguation)

Lodging may refer to:
* Lodging, a type of residential accommodation
* Lodging (agriculture), the bending over of the stems near the ground level in grain crops, which makes them very difficult to harvest
# Easwarmoorthy (Soranam)

Easwaramoorthy (Soranam) was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Communist Party of India (Marxist) candidate from Ambasamudram constituency in 1977 and 1980 elections.
# Ectodus

Ectodus descampsii is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika in East Africa where it prefers areas with substrates of coarse sand. It feeds on micro-organisms, algae and diatoms. This species reaches a length of 10.4 centimetres (4.1 in) TL. It is also found in the aquarium trade. It is currently the only known member of its genus. The specific name honours Capitaine Georges Descamps (1855-1938), a Belgian officer in the anti-slavery movement at Lake Tanganyika.
# Echo 12

The Echo 12 is a Canadian rowboat, motorboat and sailing dinghy that was first built in 1979.
The Echo 12 is a development of the West German Koralle Junior.

## Production

The design is built by C&L Boatworks in Belleville, Ontario and was at one time also built by Skene Boats of Gloucester, Ontario, both located in Canada. The design remains in production by C&L.

## Design

The Echo 12 is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of fibreglass, with wood trim. For sailing it has a fractional sloop rig, with aluminum spars, a raked stem, a plumb transom, a transom-hung, kick-up rudder made from mahogany, controlled by a tiller and a retractable mahogany daggerboard. It displaces 140 lb (64 kg), has a bow storage compartment and may be fitted with a whisker pole. The mainsheet is mounted mid-boom to a block on the cockpit deck.
The boat has a draft of 1.50 ft (0.46 m) with the daggerboard extended and 0.33 ft (0.10 m) with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer or car roof rack. The mast is a two-piece design to allow it to be disassembled for car-top transport.
The boat has a motor-mount pad and can be fitted with an outboard motor of up to 5 hp (4 kW). It also was factory-delivered with an athwartships seat and oarlocks for rowing.
For racing the design is usually crewed by two sailors.

## Operational history

In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "a straightforward beginner's boat, the Echo has been designed for versatility and may also be rowed or powered (with a maximum of five-horsepower outboard). Oarlock sockets are built in, and there is a pad for the motor. A rowing seat runs athwartship."
# Eating blood

Eating blood may refer to:
* Hematophagy, animals feeding on blood
* Blood as food, humans eating blood
# Eating Raoul (musical)

Eating Raoul is a musical with music by Jed Feuer, lyrics by Boyd Graham, and a book by Paul Bartel and Richard Blackburn. It is based on the 1982 movie of the same name.
The story focuses on Mary and Paul Bland, a couple of "squares", in the late 1960s, who want to raise money to open a restaurant. They decide to kill swingers for profit by hitting them on the head with a frying pan. They become involved with a partner, Raoul, their swarthy, sexy janitor, who helps them to dispose of the bodies. However, they soon feel trapped by Raoul and dispatch him too; he becomes the main course.
The musical opened Off-Broadway at the Union Square Theatre on May 13, 1992, starring Courtenay Collins, Eddie Korbich and Adrian Zmed. It was directed by Toni Kotite and choreographed by Lynne Taylor-Corbett. Since then it has received numerous regional productions.

## Roles and original cast

* Paul Bland – Eddie Korbich
* Mary Bland – Courtenay Collins
* Raoul Mendoza – Adrian Zmed
* Dr. Doberman; Ginger – M. W. Reid
* Inez; Cop – Lovette George
* Donna the Dominatrix; Yolanda – Cindy Benson
* Mr. Leech; Howard; Bobby – David Masenheimer
* Mr. Kray; James; Junior – Jonathan Brody
* Gladys – Susan Wood

## Musical numbers

* Meet the Blands
* A Small Restaurant
* La La Land
* Swing, Swing, Swing
* Happy Birthday Harry
* You Gotta Take Pains
* A Thought Occurs
* Victim Update
* Sexperts
* Basketball
* Empty Bed
* Tool For You
* Think About Tomorrow
* Eating Raoul
* Momma Said
* Lovers In Love
* Mary
* Hot Monkey Love
* One Last Bop
* Finale
# Lomokankro

Lomokankro is a town and sub-prefecture in central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Tiébissou Department in Bélier Region, Lacs District.
Lomokankro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Lomokankro was 14,835. The town has an area of 420km^2. Lomokankro is 24km from Tiébissou and 17km from Didievi.

## Villages

The 23 villages of the sub-prefecture of Lomokankro and their population in 2014 are:
* Aboblakro (614)
* Amienkro (318)
* Assé-N'gattakro (1 318)
* Assoko Yao Djèkro (582)
* Atchin Koffikro (450)
* Bakro-Sakassou (418)
* Bongobo (1 184)
* Bouégbessou (996)
* Bouékro (307)
* Djahakro (283)
* Gogokro (362)
* Hodoukou (812)
* Koffi N'gorankro (460)
* Koua-Kouassikro (485)
* Kouassi-Afflékro (226)
* Kpassanou (831)
* Kpodjou-Kpangbassou (204)
* Lomokankro (1 282)
* Lougbéli (653)
* N'gangoro-Ahitou (846)
* N'gatta-N'guessanblékro (397)
* N'zissiessou (1 391)
* Wawakro (416)
# Lomond, Alberta

Lomond is a village in southern Alberta, Canada that is surrounded by Vulcan County. It is located at the intersection of Highway 845 and Highway 531, approximately 74 kilometres (46 mi) southwest of Brooks and 49 kilometres (30 mi) east of Vulcan. The village is a farming service community. Lomond was named for Loch Lomond, Scotland.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Lomond had a population of 178 living in 77 of its 98 total private dwellings, a change of 7.2% from its 2016 population of 166. With a land area of 1.19 km$^2$ (0.46 sq mi), it had a population density of 149.6/km$^2$ (387.4/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Lomond recorded a population of 166 living in 73 of its 101 total private dwellings, a -4% change from its 2011 population of 173. With a land area of 1.21 km$^2$ (0.47 sq mi), it had a population density of 137.2/km$^2$ (355.3/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

The village is governed by a village council comprising a mayor, and two councillors, and is administered by a village chief administrative officer.

## Sports

Lomond is home to the Lomond Lakers of the Heritage Junior B Hockey League. The team was added as an expansion team in the league for the 2018–19 season.
They originally played out of the Lomond Community Centre. In April 2018, issues were discovered with the centre's roof and in May 2019, the centre was demolished. The team currently plays its home games in Claresholm, 110 km west of Lomond.
# Longzha, Yanling

Longzha (Chinese: 龙渣瑶族乡; pinyin: Lóngzhā Yáozú Xiāng) is a historic Yao ethnic township located in the extreme south of Yanling County, Hunan, China. As a historic division of Yanling, Longzha was originally a part of Dingzhi Township (定治乡) in 1949. Longzha Yao Ethnic Township was created in August 1958, it was reorganized as a production brigade of Longzha (龙渣大队) in Zhongcun Commune in 1958, and reorganized as a village of Longzha (龙渣村) in Zhongcun Township in 1984. Dividing four villages in southern Zhongcun Township, Longzha Yao Ethnic Township was re-established in February 1985. On November 20, 2015, With Zhongcun Township and Pingle Township, Longzha was merged to the new Zhongcun Yao Ethnic Township.
# Loomis Street

Loomis Street is a north–south street in Chicago that is 1400 W in Chicago's grid system, making it 1.75 miles (2.82 km) west of the north–south baseline of State Street. It runs from the Chicago and Northwestern Railway tracks south, with interruptions, to Center Avenue in the suburb of Homewood. Between the railway tracks and the north branch of the Chicago River it is known as Noble Street and north of the River's north branch it is known as Southport Avenue. As Southport Avenue it goes up north to its intersection with Clark Street just south of Berteau. The street continues again at Argyle Street until Touhy Avenue as Glenwood Avenue.
Loomis Street is named for Horatio G. Loomis, one of the founders of the Chicago Board of Trade. Noble Street is named after civic leaders John and Mark Noble, who were employees of constable Archibald Clybourn.

## Transit
### Glenwood Avenue

* The Morse station is located along Glenwood Avenue on the CTA Red Line.

### Southport Avenue

* Southport Avenue has a stop on the CTA Brown Line.

### Noble Street

A horse car line opened on Noble Street between Milwaukee and Blackhawk Avenues on June 11, 1885; this was part of a route from Milwaukee to Wood Street and Cortland Avenue. Streetcars replaced horse cars in 1896, and the route was cut back to its southern half, to North and Ashland Avenues. As of 1928, this route did not have owl service, the last northbound car leaving at 8:40 p.m. One-man streetcars began service on November 1, 1921, and the line was restricted to rush hours only on July 25, 1931. Service ended on March 5, 1932, but service cars going to the Elston carbarn continued using it until February 8, 1944.

### Loomis Street

* Racine station on the CTA Blue Line has an additional entrance at Loomis Street. Loomis Street is also the namesake of the Loomis Ramp, a railway viaduct that rises from the Congress Branch and merges with the Paulina Connector to the Douglas Branch. From 1958 to 2008, some Blue Line trains branched off the Congress Branch at the Loomis Ramp to continue to 54th/Cermak. Today, the Pink Line serves the Douglas Branch, making the Loomis Ramp used only for non-revenue service.
* What is now CTA's Green Line formerly had two stations on Loomis Street; one on the Lake Street Elevated, and the other on the Englewood Branch. The Lake Street Elevated station operated from 1893 to 1948, while the one on the Englewood Branch operated from 1907 until it was replaced by the Ashland/63rd station in 1969.
* Brainerd station on the Beverly branch of Metra's Rock Island District line directly connects to Loomis Street.
# Eclipta melzeri

Eclipta melzeri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1967.
# Loprieno

Loprieno is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antonio Loprieno (born 1955), Swiss Italian Egyptologist
* John Loprieno (born 1960), American actor and writer
# Longirostravis

Longirostravis is a genus of enantiornithean birds which existed during the early Cretaceous period (around 125 million years ago) and is known from fossils found in the middle or upper Yixian Formation in Yixian County, People's Republic of China. It is known from a single specimen housed in the collections of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (specimen number IVPP V 11309) representing the type species Longirostravis hani.
Based on this specimen, L. hani appears to have been a "quail-sized" bird with a long, tapering and slightly curved snout tipped with five pairs of small, conical teeth. The long, narrow snout may have been used for mud probing, an ecology similar to modern oystercatchers. L. hani had an unusually-shaped breast bone (sternum) with a pair of three-pronged projections shaped somewhat like moose horns on either side. Feathers were preserved around the entire body but seem to have been absent on the feet and snout. The wing feathers were strongly asymmetrical, with the leading edge of the feather five times narrower than the trailing edge. The primary wing feathers were up to 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in length. As in some other enantiornitheans, the tail sported a single pair of long feathers.
# Ecological Economics (journal)

Ecological Economics. The Transdisciplinary Journal of the International Society for Ecological Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Society for Ecological Economics. It covers research on ecological economics. The journal was established in 1989 by founding editor-in-chief Robert Costanza. The current editors-in-chief are Begum Özkaynak (Bogazici University) and Stefan Baumgärtner (University of Freiburg). The journal is concerned with "extending and integrating the understanding of the interfaces and interplay between 'nature's household' (ecosystems) and 'humanity's household' (the economy)". The journal is transdisciplinary in spirit and emphasizes work that draws on and integrates insights from natural sciences, social sciences and the humanities. Related to economics, the journal includes contributions drawing on both neoclassical and a broad variety of heterodox approaches, which has given rise to lively discussions among the membership over the years.
# Longone Sabino

Longone Sabino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Rome and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Rieti.

## Geography

The municipality borders with Ascrea, Belmonte in Sabina, Cittaducale, Concerviano, Petrella Salto, Rieti and Rocca Sinibalda. The municipal territory counts a northern exclave in which are located its hamlets (frazioni): Fassinoro, Roccaranieri and San Silvestro.
# Longoni

Longoni may refer to:
* Longoni (company), manufacturer of cue sticks
* Longoni, Mayotte, a village in the commune of Koungou on Mayotte
* Longoni (surname), an Italian surname
# Lorraine Bunton

Lorraine Bunton was a pitcher who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She batted and threw right-handed.
# Edhi Handoko

Edhi Handoko (August 28, 1960 – February 17, 2009) was an Indonesian chess player. He won the Indonesian Chess Championship in 1978, 1980, 1984 and 1991. Handoko earned the National Master title in 1978, before progressing to both FIDE Master and International Master in 1982. He subsequently became Indonesia's fourth grandmaster in 1994 with an Elo rating of 2520. In 2003 he won the men's masters tournament at the inaugural Japfa Chess Festival in Jakarta. Handoko played in the Indonesian national team in the Chess Olympiad and the Asian Team Chess Championship.
Handoko died at the age of 48 on February 17, 2009, at the Cibinong Hospital in Bogor, following a heart attack.
# Edhie

Edhie is an Indonesian name. Notable people with the name include:
* Edhie Yudhoyono (born 1980), Indonesian politician
* Iroth Sonny Edhie (born 1971), Indonesian army general
* Pramono Edhie Wibowo (1955–2020), Indonesian military officer
* Sarwo Edhie Wibowo (1925–1989), Indonesian military leader
# Edmond Knox

Edmond Dalrymple Hesketh Knox was a 19th-century Anglican priest in Ireland.
The son of Bishop Edmund Knox, he was born in County Down and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He held livings in Upper Badoney; Rathronan and Kilflyn. He became Archdeacon of Killaloe in 1832. In 1858 a wills and administration document records him as a lunatic yet he is recorded in the 1868 Crockford's as still being Archdeacon.
# Eddie Davis (director)

Eddie Davis (born January, 1903 in New York, NY, date of death unknown) was an American film director who worked extensively in television.
In the late 1960s he made three films in Australia for Goldsworthy Productions, whose head of production, Warwick Freeman, described Davis as a "nice guy and he taught us all a lot about the rudiments of production."

## Select credits

* Panic in the City (1968)
* It Takes All Kinds (1969)
* Color Me Dead (1970) aka D.O.A. II
* That Lady from Peking (1971; filmed in 1969)
# Lophotyna

Lophotyna is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Ectobius lapponicus

Ectobius lapponicus, also known as the dusky cockroach, is a species of cockroach found in Europe, northern Asia (excluding China), the northeastern United States, and southeastern Canada.

## Distribution

The distribution range of Ectobius lapponicus includes Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), the northeastern United States, and southeastern Canada. Once thought to have emerged in Europe, recent discoveries indicate the genus originated in North America. The first recorded sightings in North America were in 1984.

## Gallery

* Ectobius lapponicus
* Ectobius lapponicus
* Ectobius lapponicus
# Eddie Wingren

Eddie Wingren (born 2 August 1940) is a retired Swedish ice hockey player. Wingren was part of the Djurgården Swedish champions' team of 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, and 1963.
# Eden Bowers

Eden Bowers was a Dominican politician who served as Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica during turbulent times of June 1979. He was a member of Dominica Labour Party.
He was elected to the House of Assembly of Dominica in the 1975 elections from Vieille Case.
Bowers served as deputy speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica. He was elected as Speaker of the House on 19 June 1979, when Prime Minister Patrick John and the incumbent speaker Pershing Waldron were absent. President Fred Degazon had already fled the country to England. Oliver Seraphin was subsequently elected as Prime Minister. Bowers was not re-elected in the 1980 elections when Labour part lost all its seats in the House of Assembly.
Bowers died before 2022.
# Lord Frederick Montagu

Lord Frederick Montagu (8 November 1774 – 4 October 1827) was a British politician. He was Postmaster General between 1826 and 1827.

## Background

Montagu was a younger son of George Montagu, 4th Duke of Manchester, and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Dashwood, 2nd Baronet. William Montagu, 5th Duke of Manchester, was his elder brother. He was educated at Harrow School.

## Political career

Montagu sat as Member of Parliament for Huntingdonshire between 1796 and 1806 and between 1818 and 1820. He served under the Earl of Liverpool as Postmaster General between 1826 and 1827.

## Personal life

Montagu died unmarried in October 1827, aged 52.