OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conexión

Conexión (plural: conexiones) or variants may refer to:
* Conexión (band), Spanish band active 1969-1974
* Conexión (María José album), 2019
* Conexión, album by Conexión (band) 1971
* Conexión, album by Todo Mundo (band) 2013
* Conexión, live album by Ana Torroja 2015
* Conexión, album by Fonseca (singer) 2015
* Conexión, album by Chicuelo (guitarist) and pianist Marco Mezquida 2017
* La Conexión, 1996 album by German salsa band Conexión Latina
* La Conexión, 2013 album by Black Guayaba, nominated for a Latin Grammy in the Best Pop/Rock Album category
* La Conexión, 2005 mixtape by girl group Nina Sky
# Corimbion vulgare

Corimbion vulgare is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1970.
# Copaline

Copaline (or copalite), also termed fossil resin or Highgate resin, is a naturally occurring organic substance found as irregular pieces of a pale yellow colour, for example in the London Clay at Highgate Hill. It has a resinous aromatic odour when freshly broken, volatilizes at a moderate temperature, and burns readily with a yellow, smoky flame, leaving scarcely any ash.
Copaline is copal that has been partly mineralised.
# Constituency WR-19

Constituency WR-19 is a reserved seat for women in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly.
# Coppery-bellied puffleg

The coppery-bellied puffleg (Eriocnemis cupreoventris) is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The coppery-bellied puffleg is monotypic.

## Description

The coppery-bellied puffleg is 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long and weighs 4.4 to 5.6 g (0.16 to 0.20 oz). It has a straight black bill. The male has shining green upperparts with bluish green uppertail coverts. Its throat, breast, and flanks are glittering green, the center of its belly golden-copper, and its undertail coverts glittering violet. Its leg puffs are white. The tail is forked and blue-black. The female is similar, but its throat has grayish white speckles and the coppery belly is less intense. The juvenile has a blackish breast and no copper on the belly.

## Distribution and habitat

The coppery-bellied puffleg is found from the Andes of northwestern Venezuela's Mérida state south and west in the Eastern Andes of Colombia as far as Cundinamarca Department. It mostly inhabits open landscapes such as the edges of montane forest, shrubby slopes, and the lower reaches of the páramo zone, though it also occurs inside humid forest. In elevation it ranges between 2,000 and 3,000 m (6,600 and 9,800 ft) but is most abundant above 2,500 m (8,200 ft).

## Behavior
### Movement

The copper-bellied puffleg is mostly sedentary but makes seasonal elevational movements.

### Feeding

The coppery-bellied puffleg feeds on nectar at shrubs and small trees whose flowers have short corollas. Some preferred plants are those of genera Palicourea, Cavendishia, and Pernettya. It nectars while clinging to the flower and is "pugnacious and territorial" at flowering plants. Its diet also includes insects taken by hawking.

### Breeding

The coppery-bellied puffleg's breeding season is from September to January. Its nest has not been described but is usually placed in dense vegetation. The female incubates the clutch of two white eggs but the incubation period and time to fledging are not known.
* Songs and calls
* Listen to coppery-bellied puffleg on xeno-canto

### Vocalization

The coppery-bellied puffleg's only described vocalization is "a single metallic note 'tseek', repeated at irregular intervals". It is given both from a perch and while hovering.

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the coppery-bellied puffleg as Near Threatened. It does not have a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. Much of its habitat has been converted to croplands and grazing.
# Copperville, Maryland

Copperville, Maryland may refer to the following places in Maryland:
* Copperville, Carroll County, Maryland
* Copperville, Talbot County, Maryland
# Corps Vandalia-Teutonia

Corps Vandalia-Teutonia Berlin Coat of arms of Corps Vandalia-Teutonia. :
| University: | Freie Universität Berlin TU Berlin HU Berlin Universität Potsdam |
| Date founded: | November 19, 1851 in Berlin |
| Umbrella organization: | KSCV |
| Senioren-Convent: | Berliner SC |
| Motto: | Fortes firmat concordia |
| Motto of arms: | Nulla sine ense virtus |
| Colours: | |
| Fuchs colours: | |
| Zirkel: | |
| Homepage: | www.v-t.de |
Vandalia-Teutonia Berlin is a German Student Corps (Fraternity) in the Kösener SC-Verband (KSCV), the umbrella organization of the oldest German fraternities. As a corps, Vandalia-Teutonia practices academic fencing and wears Colours. Its membership comprises active and former students and alumni of all Berlin universities. Its members are called Vandalen-Teutonen.
Like all corps, Vandalia-Teutonia practices tolerance in political, scientific and religious affairs.

## Basic Principles

The corps' basic principles are set in the corps constitution. They are honor, loyalty, comradeship, patriotism, tolerance and sense of responsibility.
Members also have to preserve good social graces and a respectful attitude towards women and senior people.

## Notable members

* Otto Roquette (1824–96), German poet
* Rudolph Stratz [de] (1864–1936), German author
* Werner Dankwort (1895–1986), German U.N. ambassador
# Consort Hua

Consort Hua (simplified Chinese: 华妃; traditional Chinese: 華妃; pinyin: Huá Fēi; died 3 August 1804), of the Han Chinese Hougiya clan belonging to the Bordered Yellow Banner, was a consort of Jiaqing Emperor.

## Life
### Family background

Consort Hua was a booi of Han Chinese Hougiya clan belonging to the Bordered Yellow Banner. Her personal name was Liuniu (六妞). Her ancestral home was located in Shenyang.
Father: Taozhu, a Minister of Imperial Stables (Chinese: 上驷院; pinyin: Shangpiyuan)
* First paternal uncle: Changshu (常舒), served as third rank military official (参领)
* Paternal grandfather: Liuge (六格).
One elder sister: Wife of grace general Fuming'a (福明阿) from the Prince Keqin peerage.

### Qianlong era

It is not known when Lady Hougiya entered the residence of Prince Jia of the First Rank as a servant (Chinese: 管女子; pinyin: Guǎn nǚzǐ) and was promoted to concubine (Chinese: 格格; pinyin: gege). On 2 August 1789, she gave birth to Jiaqing Emperor's 6th daughter who would die prematurely in 1790.

### Jiaqing era

On 22 January 1796, Lady Hougiya was granted a title "Concubine Ying" (莹嫔, "ying" meaning "luster of gems") comparing her beauty to the reflection of gemstones. In January 1797, she attended court session conducted by Empress Xiaoshurui together with all consorts of the Jiaqing Emperor. In 1801, Concubine Ying was promoted to "Consort Hua" (华妃). That year, a secretary of Inner Court Jilun wrote two poems about the promotion of Consort Hua. According to "Swangoose sees through needs"(Chinese: 鸿称通用; pinyin: Hongchentongyong), "hua" means "elegant and beautiful", while "ying" means "sparkling like gemstones". Hougiya Liuniu died on 3 August 1804. Her coffin was temporarily placed at the Antian Grieving Palace and later interred in Chang Mausoleum in Western Qing tombs.

## Titles

* During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796):
** Lady Hougiya (from unknown date)
** Servant (管女子; from unknown date)
** Mistress (格格; from unknown date)
* During the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796–1820):
** Concubine Ying (莹嫔; from 22 January 1796), fifth rank consort
** Consort Hua (华妃; from 1801), fourth rank consort

## Issue

* As mistress:
** Sixth daughter (2 August 1789 – June/July 1790)

## In fiction and popular culture

* Portrayed by Siu Hoi Yan in Succession War (2018)
# Köklü, İslahiye

Köklü is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İslahiye, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 203 (2022).
# Köksal

Köksal is a name of Turkish origin. It may refer to:

## Given name

* Köksal Toptan (born 1943), Turkish lawyer and politician with the Justice and Development Party
* Köksal Yedek (born 1985), Turkish footballer

## Surname

* Ahmet Köksal (1920–1997), Turkish poet and writer
* Burcu Köksal (born 1980), Turkish politician
* Cansu Köksal (born 1994), Turkish female professional basketball player
* Füsun Köksal (born 1973), Turkish composer
* Hikmet Köksal (1932–2020), Turkish retired general
* Hüseyin Göksenin Köksal (born 1991), Turkish professional basketball player
* İskender Köksal (born 1981), Turkish professional footballer
* Mehmet Köksal (born 1963), Turkish lawyer
* Nil Köksal, Turkish-born Canadian television and radio journalist
* Pınar Köksal (1946–2019), female Turkish composer
* Serhat Köksal (born 1990), Dutch-born Turkish professional footballer
* Sönmez Köksal (born 1940), Turkish civil servant
# Coracoacromial ligament

The coracoacromial ligament is a strong triangular ligament between the coracoid process and the acromion. It protects the head of the humerus. Its acromial attachment may be repositioned to the clavicle during reconstructive surgery of the acromioclavicular joint (shoulder joint).

## Structure

The coracoacromial ligament originates from the summit of the acromion of the scapula, just in front of the articular surface for the clavicle. It inserts by its broad base along the whole length of the lateral border of the coracoid process of the scapula.
The clavicle and under surface of the deltoid muscle are above it. The tendon of the supraspinatus muscle (and its bursa) are below it.
Its lateral border is continuous with a dense lamina that passes beneath the deltoid muscle upon the tendons of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle.
The ligament is sometimes described as consisting of two marginal bands and a thinner intervening portion, the two bands being attached respectively to the apex and the base of the coracoid process, and joining at the acromion.
When the pectoralis minor is inserted, as occasionally is the case, into the capsule of the shoulder-joint instead of into the coracoid process, it passes between these two bands, and the intervening portion of the ligament is then deficient.

## Function

Together with the coracoid process and the acromion, the coracoacromial ligament forms a vault or arch that protects the head of the humerus.

## Clinical significance

The coracoacromial ligament may impinge and compress rotator cuff muscle or tendon. It may be damaged during a shoulder injury.
The attachment of the coracoacromial ligament may be moved from acromion to the end of the clavicle when reconstructing the acromioclavicular joint. This often fails. It has lower strength than the coracoclavicular ligament.
# Coracomyia

Coracomyia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Coracomyia crassicornis Aldrich, 1934
* Coracomyia woodi Cortés, 1976
# Corroboreethrips

Corroboreethrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae.

## Species

* Corroboreethrips kallus
* Corroboreethrips siagonus
* Corroboreethrips stomius
* Corroboreethrips subsolanus
* Corroboreethrips suspectus
# Constitution (Twenty-ninth Amendment) Act, 2017

The Constitution (Twenty-ninth Amendment) Act, 2017 was a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan seeking to allow the federal cabinet to authorize a minister or state minister to advise the President of Pakistan instead of the Prime Minister.
It was never adopted and never officially became part of the constitution.
# Cooper Rollow

Cooper Rollow (1925 in Wichita, Kansas – March 29, 2013 in Elmhurst, Illinois) was an American sportswriter for 35 years as a writer and sports editor (1965–1977) for the Chicago Tribune, mostly on pro football. He was awarded the Dick McCann Memorial Award from the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985.
Rollow was a four-time winner of the Illinois Associated Press (AP) sports contest. Rollow won the AP competition in 1960 for a three-part series on the late Vince Lombardi, in 1964 for his coverage of the deaths of Willie Galimore and John Farrington of the Chicago Bears in a training camp auto accident, in 1973 for his portrayal of the dramatic and tragic events in the Munich Olympic Games and 1974 for his coverage of the Ali-Frazier fight in Madison Square Garden.
In 1969, Rollow won the United Press International award for his coverage of the Green Bay Packers' climactic victory over the Chicago Bears.
He served as President of the Pro Football Writers of America (PFWA) (1983–84). He also served as the former President of the Chicago Professional Football Writers Association, a director of the National College Football Writers Association and an elector in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
A Kansas native and 1949 graduate of the University of Kansas, Rollow held newspaper positions in Fort Scott, Kansas and Lincoln, Nebraska before he was hired by the late Arch Ward, the previous sports editor of The Chicago Tribune.
Rollow also saw combat duty in Gen. Patton's Third Army in World War II.
Rollow was described by author Jeff Davis as "the leading journalist of his time concerning the relationship of [former Chicago Bears head coach and owner George] Halas and [Green Bay Packers head coach] Vince Lombardi."
Rollow was also a posthumous winner of the 2020/2021 Ring Lardner Award for Excellence in Sports Journalism.
# Cooper School

Cooper School, Coopers School, or similar, may refer to:

## United Kingdom

* Cooper School, Bicester, Oxfordshire, England
* Coopers School, Chislehurst, London Borough of Bromley, England
* Coopers' Company and Coborn School, Upminster, London Borough of Havering, England

## United States

* Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, or Cooper Institute, New York City, New York
* Cooper School (Mebane, North Carolina)
* Frank B. Cooper School, Seattle, Washington
* Neva King Cooper Educational Center, Homestead, Florida
# Cortisol sulfotransferase

In enzymology, a cortisol sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + cortisol $\rightleftharpoons$ adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + cortisol 21-sulfate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and cortisol, whereas its two products are adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and cortisol 21-sulfate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfur-containing groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:cortisol 21-sulfotransferase. Other names in common use include glucocorticosteroid sulfotransferase, and glucocorticoid sulfotransferase.
# L'Odissea (1911 film)

L'Odissea is a 1911 Italian silent film, the third known adaptation from Homer's Odyssey. The film was made in the context of the world's fair of Turin International in 1911, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the unification of Italy, where he launched a film competition for films artistic, scientific and with educational purposes.
Released in 1912 in the United States it was welcomed, in the trade journal The Moving Picture World, the film was proclaimed as marking "a new epoch in the history of the motion picture as a factory of education".

## Reception

London City Nights said the film " was an interesting watch: the 1911 equivalent of a summer blockbuster, and a chance to see the past come alive in two ways; firstly in the depiction of Ancient Greece and secondly in the film itself as historical text."
# Convention on the Unification of Certain Points of Substantive Law on Patents for Invention

The Convention on the Unification of Certain Points of Substantive Law on Patents for Invention, also called Strasbourg Convention or Strasbourg Patent Convention, is a multilateral treaty signed by Member States of the Council of Europe on 27 November 1963 in Strasbourg, France. It entered into force on 1 August 1980, and led to a significant harmonization of patent laws across European countries.
This Convention establishes patentability criteria, i.e. specifies on which grounds inventions can be rejected as not patentable. Its intent was to harmonize substantive patent law but not procedural law. This convention is quite different from the European Patent Convention (EPC), which establishes an independent system for granting European patents.
The Strasbourg Convention has had a significant impact on the EPC, on national patent laws across Europe, on the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), on the Patent Law Treaty (PLT) and on the WTO's TRIPS.

## Ratifications and accessions

Thirteen countries ratified the treaty or acceded to it: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom.
# Conventional Multirole Combat Rifle

The STK CMCR is an assault rifle made by ST Kinetics of Singapore.
The rifle was unveiled at the Singapore Airshow 2014. The STK CMCR is designed to fire 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition and ST Kinetics’ Extended Range 5.56mm ammunition, and comes standard with MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rails at the three, six, nine and 12 o'clock positions.
# LZ 37

The airship LZ 37 was a World War I Zeppelin of the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy). It was the first Zeppelin to be brought down during the war by an enemy plane, on the night of 6 to 7 June 1915, near Sint-Amandsberg, Belgium.

## History

In 1915 Zeppelins were first used by Germany for strategic bombing.
LZ 37 was part of a raid with Zeppelins LZ 38 and LZ 39. While returning, she was intercepted in the air by Reginald Warneford in his Morane Parasol during its first raid on Calais, on 7 June 1915. Warneford dropped six 20-pound (9 kg) Hales bombs on the zeppelin, which caught fire and crashed into the convent school of Sint-Amandsberg, next to Ghent, Belgium (51°3′43.2″N 3°44′54.7″E﻿ / ﻿51.062000°N 3.748528°E﻿ / 51.062000; 3.748528), killing two nuns. The commander of LZ 37, Oberleutnant Otto van der Haegen [de], and seven members of the crew were killed. One crew member, Steuermann Alfred Mühler, survived with only superficial burns and bruises when he was precipitated from the forward gondola, landing in a bed. It was the first victory of a heavier-than-air aircraft over a lighter-than-air dirigible. Warneford was awarded the Victoria Cross for his achievement.
LZ 37 was based in Gontrode [fr; nl], Belgium (airport location: 50°58′54.6″N 3°47′17.1″E﻿ / ﻿50.981833°N 3.788083°E﻿ / 50.981833; 3.788083), where also other heavy bombers Gotha G IV were based.

## Specifications

Data from "The Zeppelin Airships - Part Two: Zeppelins of the Great War 1914–1918". Puget sound airship society. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
General characteristics
* Crew: 28
* Length: 163.37 m (536 ft 0 in)
* Diameter: 18.7 m (61 ft 4 in)
* Volume: 33,780 m$^3$ (1,126,000 cu ft)
* Empty weight: 17,588 kg (38,775 lb)
* Useful lift: 8,520 kg (18,780 lb)
* Powerplant: 4 × Maybach MC-X , 155 kW (210 hp) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 96 km/h (60 mph, 52 kn)
Armament
* Four machine-guns

## Citations

* 1 2 Stephenson 2004, p. 16.
* ↑ "The National Archives - Homepage". The National Archives. The National Archives UK. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
* ↑ Piet, Dhanens (12 April 2013). "Zeppelin LZ 37 te Sint-Amandsberg". Luchtvaartgeschiedenis.be (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2019-12-29. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
* ↑ Dhanens, Piet (2008). Een eeuw luchtvaart boven Gent (in Dutch). Vol. 1. Erembodegem (Aalst): Flying Pencil. ISBN 978-90-78878-04-9. OCLC 1074669308.
* ↑ History of the First World War, vol. 3, pp. 986.
* ↑ Ghent, Thomas (2012). "KG III Der Englandflieger". thomasgenth.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2013-09-14. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
* ↑ White, C. M. (1986). The Gotha summer: the German daytime air raids on England, May to August 1917. London: Hale. ISBN 978-0-7090-2791-1.
# Continuous knapsack problem

In theoretical computer science, the continuous knapsack problem (also known as the fractional knapsack problem) is an algorithmic problem in combinatorial optimization in which the goal is to fill a container (the "knapsack") with fractional amounts of different materials chosen to maximize the value of the selected materials. It resembles the classic knapsack problem, in which the items to be placed in the container are indivisible; however, the continuous knapsack problem may be solved in polynomial time whereas the classic knapsack problem is NP-hard. It is a classic example of how a seemingly small change in the formulation of a problem can have a large impact on its computational complexity.

## Problem definition

An instance of either the continuous or classic knapsack problems may be specified by the numerical capacity W of the knapsack, together with a collection of materials, each of which has two numbers associated with it: the weight w$_i$ of material that is available to be selected and the total value v$_i$ of that material. The goal is to choose an amount x$_i$ ≤ w$_i$ of each material, subject to the capacity constraint $\sum _{i}x_{i}\leq W$ and maximizing the total benefit $\sum _{i}x_{i}v_{i}.$ In the classic knapsack problem, each of the amounts x$_i$ must be either zero or w$_i$; the continuous knapsack problem differs by allowing x$_i$ to range continuously from zero to w$_i$.
Some formulations of this problem rescale the variables x$_i$ to be in the range from 0 to 1. In this case the capacity constraint becomes $\sum _{i}x_{i}w_{i}\leq W,$ and the goal is to maximize the total benefit $\sum _{i}x_{i}v_{i}.$

## Solution technique

The continuous knapsack problem may be solved by a greedy algorithm, first published in 1957 by George Dantzig, that considers the materials in sorted order by their values per unit weight. For each material, the amount x$_i$ is chosen to be as large as possible:
* If the sum of the choices made so far equals the capacity W, then the algorithm sets x$_i$ = 0.
* If the difference d between the sum of the choices made so far and W is smaller than w$_i$, then the algorithm sets x$_i$ = d.
* In the remaining case, the algorithm chooses x$_i$ = w$_i$.
Because of the need to sort the materials, this algorithm takes time O(n log n) on inputs with n materials. However, by adapting an algorithm for finding weighted medians, it is possible to solve the problem in time O(n).
# La Apartada

La Apartada (Spanish pronunciation:) is a town and municipality located in the Córdoba Department, northern Colombia. According to 2020 estimates, the population of La Apartada was 13,742, with a population density of 57 persons per square kilometer.
# La Aramuaca Airport

La Aramuaca Airport (ICAO: MSSM) is an airport serving the city of San Miguel in San Miguel Department, El Salvador. The runway is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of the city.
The El Papalon Airport runway parallels the La Aramuaca runway, and is only 800 metres (2,600 ft) southwest.
# La Antigua, León

La Antigua (L'Antigua in Leonese language) (Spanish pronunciation:) is a municipality (pop. 606) in the province of León, Spain.
# La Chapelle, Ardennes

La Chapelle (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.