# First Rutte cabinet

* This article is part of a series aboutMark Rutte
Political career
Prime Minister (2010–2024)
Party Leader of the VVD (2006–2023)
2006 party leadership election
Secretary for Education, Culture and Science (2004–2006)
Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment (2002–2004)
Member of the House of Representatives
2006 general election
Prime Minister of the Netherlands
International trips
First Ministry and term
2010 general election
2010 cabinet formation
Rutte I
Second Ministry and term
2012 general election
Rutte II
Association Agreement referendum
Third Ministry and term
2017 general election
2017 Dutch–Turkish diplomatic incident
2017 cabinet formation
Rutte III
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
Intelligence and Security Services referendum
COVID-19 pandemic
Frugal Four
Fourth Ministry and term
2021 general election
2021–2022 cabinet formation
Rutte IV
Dutch childcare benefits scandal
Nitrogen crisis in the Netherlands
Affiliations
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy
Media gallery :
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The first Rutte cabinet, also called the Rutte–Verhagen cabinet was the executive branch of the government of the Netherlands from 14 October 2010 until 5 November 2012. The cabinet was formed by the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) after the election of 2010. The cabinet was a right-wing coalition and had a minority in the House of Representatives but had confidence and supply from the Party for Freedom (PVV) for a slim majority with Liberal Leader Mark Rutte serving as Prime Minister. Christian Democratic Leader Maxime Verhagen served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation.
The cabinet served in the early years of the 2010s. Domestically, it had to deal with the fallout of the financial crisis of 2008 but it was able to implement several major social reforms to law enforcement, victims' rights and immigration. Internationally, it had to deal with the European debt crisis, the war on terror and the government support for the Task Force Uruzgan. The cabinet suffered several major internal and external conflicts because of the confidence and supply construction from the Party for Freedom. The cabinet fell just 18 months into its term on 23 April 2012 after the Party for Freedom withdrew its support following a disagreeing with the coalition over stronger austerity measures to reduce the deficit following the financial crisis. The cabinet continued in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the second Rutte cabinet following the election of 2012.

## Formation

Following the collapse of the fourth Balkenende cabinet on 20 February 2010, elections for the House of Representatives were held on 9 June 2010. As usual in Dutch politics, none of the parties had a majority and several informateurs were appointed to investigate the formation of a coalition cabinet. A broad coalition consisting of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the Labour Party (PvdA) was briefly looked at, but dismissed. Then negotiations for a "purple plus" coalition consisting of the VVD, PvdA, Democrats 66 and GreenLeft lasted for about three weeks, but the parties could not reach agreement on the amount of budget cuts.
Finally, a construction which is rare for the Netherlands was investigated: a minority coalition consisting of the VVD and Christian Democratic Appeal (together 52 out of 150 seats in the House of Representatives), supported in parliament by the Party for Freedom (PVV, 24 seats), to make the smallest possible majority of 76 seats. The right wing PVV had the largest gains in the recent elections.
The stated reason for this construction was that parties agreed that the largest party (the VVD) and the party with the largest gains (considered the 'winner' in Dutch politics) needed to be in power. Only CDA could or wanted to help make a majority, but they were against forming a proper coalition with PVV because of their different views on Islam and immigration. Therefore, negotiations were held to form a coalition agreement between the VVD and CDA), and to form a "parliamentary support agreement" between all three parties, which were successfully finished on 30 September 2010.
When Rutte took office on 14 October, it marked the first time that the VVD had led a government since its formation in 1946. It also marked the first liberal-led government since 1913.
Opposition parties and commentators expected that the coalition would prove to be unstable because at a special Christian Democratic Appeal conference, about a third of the party members voted against the formation of this cabinet. Also, at least three members of parliament in the CDA parliamentary fraction indicated to have difficulties with the cabinet. Eventually they left the parliament or supported the deal, pointing to the approval by the majority of the party conference.
When the cabinet took office, the three parties had a minority in the Senate of 35 out of 75 seats. The parties hoped this would change following the Dutch Senate election of 2011, but they obtained 37 seats, one short of a majority. A small protestant party, the Reformed Political Party, which obtained one seat, supported the cabinet in the Senate however.
The cabinet consisted of 12 Ministers and 8 State secretaries. The positions where divided equally among the coalition members, regardless of their respective size: People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (31 seats in parliament) supplied 6 Ministers and 4 State secretaries, and Christian Democratic Appeal (21 seats) also supplied 6 Ministers and 4 State secretaries.

## Term
### Policy

In accordance with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) approach to laissez-faire and a small government, the number of ministers and State Secretaries was reduced from the previous cabinet by merging several ministries. The Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality was merged with the Ministry of Economic Affairs to form a combined Ministry Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation. The Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment was merged with the Ministry of Transport and Water Management to form the new Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment.
The portfolio of public security was transferred from the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations to the Ministry of Justice which was renamed as the Ministry of Security and Justice, in line with the tough security profile of the coalition parties, especially the VVD which delivered both the minister and state secretary for this department. Also the position of the Minister for Development Cooperation, a long serving Minister without portfolio title that had been used continuously since 1965 (except for a small break from 2002 to 2003), was scrapped and replaced by the return of a Minister without portfolio for Immigration and Asylum Affairs like in the previous Cabinets Balkenende I, II and III, but this time this post was placed at the department and budget of the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations instead of the Ministry of Security and Justice.

### Withdrawal of support of the Party for Freedom

Because of the financial crisis in the Netherlands and because of the rules of the Euro convergence criteria that the deficit should be maximum 3%, the Leaders of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Mark Rutte, Christian Democratic Appeal Maxime Verhagen and the Party for Freedom Geert Wilders decided to talk with each other about new, severe austerity measures, worth about 14 billion Euro. The negotiations about the measures were held in the Catshuis and lasted 7 weeks and ended on 21 April when Geert Wilders walked out of the negotiations. The reason he gave was that the measure would negatively impact people who receive benefits from the pensions law. Both Mark Rutte and Maxime Verhagen blamed Wilders for the failure of the negotiations. As a result, the government resigned and a new election was called.

### Composition changes

On 16 December 2011, Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations Piet Hein Donner (CDA) resigned after he was nominated as the new Vice-President of the Council of State succeeding Herman Tjeenk Willink. He was replaced as Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations by former Chairwoman of the Christian Democratic Appeal Liesbeth Spies. Piet Hein Donner as Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations was responsible for the portfolio of Integration. When he resigned the Integration portfolio was transferred to Minister without portfolio Gerd Leers.

## Cabinet members

| Ministers | Ministers | Ministers | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Term of office | Party |
| | | Mark Rutte (born 1967) | Prime Minister | General Affairs | | 14 October 2010 – Incumbent | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| | | Maxime Verhagen (born 1956) | Deputy Prime Minister | Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation | | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Maxime Verhagen (born 1956) | Minister | Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation | | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Piet Hein Donner (born 1948) | Minister | Interior and Kingdom Relations | | 14 October 2010 – 16 December 2011 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Liesbeth Spies (born 1966) | Minister | Interior and Kingdom Relations | | 16 December 2011 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Dr. Uri Rosenthal (born 1945) | Minister | Foreign Affairs | | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| | | Jan Kees de Jager (born 1969) | Minister | Finance | | 23 February 2010 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Ivo Opstelten (born 1944) | Minister | Security and Justice | | 14 October 2010 – 10 March 2015 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| | | Hans Hillen (born 1947) | Minister | Defence | | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Edith Schippers (born 1964) | Minister | Health, Welfare and Sport | | 14 October 2010 – 26 October 2017 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| | | Henk Kamp (born 1952) | Minister | Social Affairs and Employment | | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| | | Marja van Bijsterveldt (born 1961) | Minister | Education, Culture and Science | | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Melanie Schultz van Haegen (born 1970) | Minister | Infrastructure and the Environment | | 14 October 2010 – 26 October 2017 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| Minister without portfolio | Minister without portfolio | Minister without portfolio | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Term of office | Party |
| | | Gerd Leers (born 1951) | Minister | Interior and Kingdom Relations | • Immigration and Asylum | 14 October 2010 – 16 December 2011 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Gerd Leers (born 1951) | Minister | Interior and Kingdom Relations | • Immigration and Asylum • Integration • Minorities | 16 December 2011 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| State Secretaries | State Secretaries | State Secretaries | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Term of office | Party |
| | | Dr. Ben Knapen (born 1951) | State Secretary | Foreign Affairs | • European Union • Benelux • Development Cooperation | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Frans Weekers (born 1967) | State Secretary | Finance | • Fiscal Policy • Tax and Customs • Governmental Budget | 14 October 2010 – 30 January 2014 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| | | Fred Teeven (born 1958) | State Secretary | Security and Justice | • Public Prosecution • Civil Law • Property Law • Victims' Rights • Judicial Reform • Youth Justice • Penitentiaries • Debt • Gambling | 14 October 2010 – 10 March 2015 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| | | Dr. Henk Bleker (born 1953) | State Secretary | Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation | • Trade and Export • Agriculture • Food Policy • Fisheries • Forestry • Postal Service • Tourism • Animal Welfare | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Marlies Veldhuijzen van Zanten (born 1953) | State Secretary | Health, Welfare and Sport | • Elderly Care • Youth Care • Disability Policy • Medical Ethics • Pharmaceutical Policy | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
| | | Paul de Krom (born 1963) | State Secretary | Social Affairs and Employment | • Social Security • Unemployment • Occupational Safety • Social Services | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| | | Halbe Zijlstra (born 1969) | State Secretary | Education, Culture and Science | • Higher Education • Adult Education • Science Policy • Culture • Art | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy |
| | | Joop Atsma (born 1956) | State Secretary | Infrastructure and the Environment | • Aviation • Water Management • Environmental Policy • Weather Forecasting | 14 October 2010 – 5 November 2012 | Christian Democratic Appeal |
    $^{Continuedinthenextcabinet}$
    $^{Retainedfromthepreviouscabinet}$
    $^{DesignatedwiththediplomaticrankofMinister}$
    $^{AppointedasVice-PresidentoftheCouncilofState}$