OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Luzon tropical pine forests

The Luzon tropical pine forests are a tropical coniferous forest ecoregion of the Philippines in the western Pacific Ocean. These pine forests are home to a large number of the island's endemic plants and animals.

## Location and description

Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines and lies at the north of the group of islands. These pine forests are found at elevations over 1000m in the Cordillera Central mountains in the north of the island, where they are mixed in with areas of Luzon montane rain forests especially at the northern end of the range. The Cordillera Central includes Luzon's highest peak Mount Pulag along with other high peaks such as Mount Puguis, Mount Polis and Mount Data. Pine forests are also found in the Zambales Mountains of west-central Luzon, particularly in Mount Tapulao and Mount Redondo near Subic, Zambales.
Rainfall is high (over 2500mm per year) but concentrated in the July/August monsoon with a long dry season from November to April.

## Flora

Luzon has long been isolated from other land masses so a unique flora has developed. In this ecoregion Benguet pine (Pinus insularis) trees are thinly spread over the grasslands that cover the slopes. Regular fires in the dry season maintain the balance of pines and grassland and prevent other deciduous trees and shrubs from taking hold.

## Fauna

There are a number of mammals endemic to the Cordillera Central, mainly species of mice and rats including large squirrel-like cloud rats. Three larger mammals of the forest are the Philippine long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), Philippine warty pig (Sus philippensis), and Malayan civet (Viverra tangalunga) all of which are vulnerable to forest clearance while the pig and the macaque are prey for hunters. Birds of the pine forest include the pine-nut eating common crossbill, which is found in pine forests all over the world.

## Threats and preservation

Pine trees have been cut down for timber, firewood and turpentine production for centuries and today this is intensified as forest is cleared for agriculture and copper and gold mining projects as the population of the Philippines grows and remains impoverished in these rural areas. In the dry season it is a straightforward process to set fires for forest clearance. Protected areas include Mount Pulag, home to a number of endemic plants and birds.
# Heterohyus

Heterohyus is an extinct genus of apatemyid from the early to late Eocene. A small, tree-dwelling creature with elongated fore- and middle fingers, in these regards it somewhat resembled a modern-day aye-aye.
Three skeletons have been found at the early Eocene site at Messel Pit, Germany
# Heringia verrucula

Heringia verrucula is a European species of hoverfly.
# Heringina guttata

Heringina guttata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Heringina of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Sweden, Finland, Central Europe, Ukraine, Caucasus, Kazakhstan.
# Heterotheridion

Heterotheridion is a monotypic genus of comb-footed spiders with a palearctic distribution, containing the single species, Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum. It was first described by J. Wunderlich in 2008.
# Lyle Ungar

Lyle H. Ungar is a machine learning researcher and professor of Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also affiliated with the psychology department at the university.

## Research

Ungar's published research has been primarily in the area of machine learning, specifically text mining. According to his website, his research group "develops scalable machine learning and text mining methods, including clustering, feature selection, and semi-supervised and multi-task learning for natural language, psychology, and medical research. Example projects include spectral learning of language models, multi-view learning for gene expression and MRI data, and mining social media to better understand personality and well-being."
Ungar has also done some research in the domain of forecasting, in connection with his membership in The Good Judgment Project, a collaborator of the Aggregative Contingent Estimation (ACE) program of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency (IARPA).

## Affiliations

Ungar is a member of many associations and bodies devoted to advancing machine learning and related areas. These include the Annenberg Public Policy Center, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, and Institute for Research in Cognitive Science. He is also a member of The Good Judgment Project. He is also a science advisory board member at Spark Park.
# Hidemitsu

Hidemitsu (written: 秀満 or 英光) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Akechi Hidemitsu (明智 秀満, 1536–1582), Japanese samurai
* Hidemitsu Nakano (中野 英光, 1890–1982), Japanese general
* Hidemitsu Tanaka (田中 英光, 1913—1949), Japanese writer
# Lämmerensee

Lämmerensee is a lake on Lämmerenalp in the municipality of Leukerbad in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. Its surface area is 6.7 ha. At an elevation of 2296 m, it is located below Lämmerengrat.
# Lynn Riddiford

Lynn Moorhead Riddiford (born 1936) is an American entomologist and developmental biologist. She was the first female faculty member in the Harvard Biology Department where she served as an assistant and associate professor. She is an emeritus professor at the University of Washington. In 1997, she was the first awardee of the Recognition Award in Insect Physiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology from the Entomological Society of America. Riddiford studies the endocrinology of insects, specifically the tobacco hornworm.

## Education

Riddiford attended Radcliffe College. Her junior year, she joined Carroll Williams' lab at Harvard, where she began studying juvenile hormone in insects and other animals and plants. This work led to her first major publication in Nature in 1959. She graduated in biochemical sciences in 1958. She received her Ph.D. in zoology at Cornell University in 1961, advised by Professors Marcus Singer and Harold Scheraga.

## Career

Riddiford returned to Harvard as a postdoctoral fellow in John Edsall's laboratory for two years. She then taught zoology at Wellesley College for two years. In 1965, she returned to Harvard as a research associate in Williams's laboratory, then became an assistant professor in 1966 and associate professor in 1971 in the Harvard Biology Department. Her lab focused on the endocrinology of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and led to key findings about the interplay of juvenile hormone and molting hormone. In 1973, Riddiford moved to the Department of Zoology University of Washington. In 2007, she retired from the university and became a senior fellow at the Janelia Farm Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. She retired from Janelia in 2016.
In 1979, Riddiford was awarded a John Simon Guggenheim fellowship. In 1993 she was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2010, Riddiford became an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2011, she was awarded the Howard Vollum Award for Distinguished Accomplishment in Science and Technology from Reed College. In June 2018, Riddiford was elected to the Washington Academy of Science for significant contributions to the field of developmental biology.

## Personal life

Riddiford married James Truman, her former graduate student. Riddiford and Truman retired from Janelia Research Campus in 2016 and moved back to the University of Washington setting up their laboratory at the Friday Harbor Laboratories, Friday Harbor, Washington.
# Lịch sử nước An Nam

The Lịch sử nước An Nam (History of Annam) is a history text written by Benedict Thiện in 1659, covering the history of Vietnam from early mythology to the year 1593.
Benedict Thiện was a Vietnamese Catholic pastor and a member of the Society of Jesus in 17th-century Hanoi. He summarised Vietnamese royal chronicles with information about geography, culture, religions and churches. He finished the book in 1659, written in the Vietnamese alphabet. He presented the book to his superior bishop Giovanni Filippo de Marini, who then left Vietnam in 1661. It had no title, and later was named and regarded as Lịch sử nước An Nam by bishop Đỗ Quang Chính.
The original manuscript is currently stored inside Vatican Library, Holy See.
# Hibiscus archboldianus

Hibiscus archboldianus is a species of Hibiscus. It is a tree, which when mature has a height of anywhere between 8–50 metres (26–164 ft) tall, and primarily harvested for its fibre. It inhabits New Guinea.
# Hibiscus and Bays

Hibiscus and Bays is a local government area in Auckland, in New Zealand's Auckland Region, governed by the Hibiscus and Bays Local Board and Auckland Council. It currently aligns with the council's Albany Ward.

## Geography

The area includes the suburbs of Waiwera, Orewa, Red Beach, Stanmore Bay, Manly, Army Bay, Gulf Harbour, Arkles Bay, Silverdale, Stillwater, Long Bay, Torbay, Waiake, Browns Bay, Rothesay Bay, Murrays Bay, Mairangi Bay and Campbells Bay.
The boundary of Hibiscus and Bays stretches from Waiwera in the north to Campbells Bay in the south, and across the Whangaparaoa Peninsula out to Tiritiri Matangi Island in the east. The main town centres are at Orewa, Silverdale, Whangaparaoa, Browns Bay and Mairangi Bay.

## Features

The area has many beaches and parks, including Orewa Beach.
The Shakespear Regional Park, Long Bay Regional Park, Long Bay-Okura Marine Reserve and Tiritiri Matangi Island are protected areas that provide habitats for a range of plants and animals.
Gulf Harbour Marina is located on the Whangaparaoa Peninsula.
# M. Paranjothi

M. Paranjothi is an Indian politician and was a member of the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Tiruchirappalli West constituency. As a cadre of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, he was previously elected to Srirangam constituency in 2006 elections.
Paranjothi won a by-election in the Tiruchirappalli West constituency in 2011 and in November of that year a cabinet reshuffle by Jayalalithaa resulted in him replacing both S. P. Shanmuganathan as Minister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments and G. Senthamizhan as Minister for Information, Law and Courts.
# Hichori Morimoto

Hichori Morimoto (Japanese: 森本 稀哲, Korean: 이희철, Hanja: 李稀哲, born January 31, 1981) is a Japanese professional baseballer of Korean descent for the Saitama Seibu Lions. He was the number 4 draft pick for the Fighters in 1999. For years, he was the backup for the most popular player in the league, Tsuyoshi Shinjo. After the 2006 season in which the Fighters won the Japan Series, SHINJO (registered name with capital letters) announced his retirement, in which Morimoto then took over SHINJO's center field spot, and also his number 1 (Morimoto had worn number 46 when SHINJO was playing). Morimoto has alopecia areata, an autoimmune disease that causes loss of body hair.
# Länder

Länder (singular Land) or Bundesländer (singular Bundesland) is the name for (federal) states in two German-speaking countries. It may more specifically refer to:
* States of Austria, the nine federal subdivisions of Austria
* States of Germany, the 16 federal subdivisions of Germany
# Hidradenocarcinoma

Hidradenocarcinoma, also known as malignant hidradenoma, malignant acrospiroma, clear cell eccrine carcinoma, or primary mucoepidermoid cutaneous carcinoma, is a malignant adnexal tumor of the sweat gland. It is the malignant variant of the benign hidradenoma. It may develop de novo or in association with an existent hidradenoma.
This type of tumor typically develops in older individuals (after age 40).
# M129 grenade launcher

The M129 is a 40 mm automatic grenade launcher that was used as an aircraft weapon in United States service. It was developed from the earlier M75 and was capable of using both the high-velocity 40x53 mm grenade and the lower velocity 40x46 mm grenade.

## Overview

The M129 was a redesign of the M75 grenade launcher that featured reduced recoil and improved mounting and provided an increased rate of fire of up to 400 rpm compared to 225 rpm for the M75. The M129 was used with the chin-mounted M28 series armament subsystem used on the AH-1G, AH-1Q, MOD AH-1S, and production AH-1S Cobra. The M129 was also used on the:
* AH-56 Cheyenne on the XM51
* UH-1H Huey on the XM94
* OH-6A Cayuse on the XM8
* OH-58 Kiowa light observation helicopters on the XM8

## Design

The M129 was effectively a redesign of the older M75 to incorporate a concentric cam and improved mount. The major problem with the M75 was the torque created due to the barrel being below the operating drum. In the M129, the barrel is concentric with the drum and the excessive torque is thus eliminated. Otherwise, operation of the weapon is extremely similar to that of the M75, with the reciprocating barrel and cam assembly still presenting itself, the weapon still being electrically driven and ammunition still fed through a belt system. Some other improvements were made to the M129, most notably that of the addition of special feed tray to permit the firing of low-velocity and high-velocity ammunition, a mechanism to provide instant interchange between electric operation and manual hand-crank operation and a dynamic braking unit to guarantee that the launcher barrel always stopped in the forward (safe) position when the firing trigger is released.
# MDungnag language

mDungnag Tibetan (or mDung-nag; also known as Dongna 东纳话) is a divergent Tibetic language of western Gansu, China.

## Distribution

mDungnag is spoken in Qifeng Tibetan Ethnic Township (祁丰藏族乡), Sunan Yugur Autonomous County, Gansu, China.

## Classification

Shao (2018) notes that mDungnag is not mutually intelligible with either Khams Tibetan or Amdo Tibetan. It may possibly be a divergent form of Amdo Tibetan due to some shared vocabulary, although these similarities could also be due to contact. The exact classification of mDungnag within Tibetic remains uncertain.

## Phonology

mDungnag is a non-tonal language.

## Dialects

mDungnag can be divided into two dialects:
* Hexi 河西 ("West River"): spoken in Baozitan Village 堡子滩村
* Hedong 河东 ("East River"): spoken in Qingkedi Village 青稞地村 and Ciyaokou 瓷窑口村 Village. This is the dialect that is primarily documented in Shao (2018).
Some lexical differences between the Hexi and Hedong dialects include the following. Translated English glosses have also been provided to supplement the original Chinese glosses from Shao (2018).
| Chinese gloss | English gloss | Hexi | Hedong |
| 乌鸦 | crow (bird) | kʰɐtʰɐ | hɐtʰɐ |
| 黄羊 | Mongolian gazelle | ʱgʷɐ | ʱgo |
| 旱獭 | marmot | ʂʮ | ʂʷa |
| 开水 | boiling water | tʂʰənkʰo | tʂʰəkʰo |
| 大坂 | large mountain | lʷɐ | lɐ |
| 红嘴鸦 | Red-billed chough | ʰtʂoŋχʷa | ʰtʂoŋhɐ |
| 馒头 | mantou (steamed bun) | kɔrɐ | kʷɐrɐ |
| 骆驼 | camel | ʱŋɐmaŋ | ʱŋɐməŋ |
| 白胸黑狗 | white-chested black dog | taŋkʰar | taŋɣar |
| 踩 | to step on | ʱdə | ʱdi |
| 耕地 | to plow, till | ʰtʂɐk | ʱmi (perfective; imperative); ʱmɔ (imperfective) |
| 穿 | to wear | kon | kʷan |
| 骑 | to ride | ʂon | ʂʷan |
| 点火 | to ignite, light (fire) | ʱdʑon | ʱdʑʷan |
| 吵 | to quarrel | kʰon | kʰʷan |
| 使役/使用 | to use | kʰɔ | ko |
| 疼痛 | pain | ʱdzer | zer |
| 舀 | to scoop | ʰtʂʷi (perfective; imperative); tʂʮ (imperfective) | sʷi (perfective; imperative); sʮ (imperfective) |
| 数字连词 | numeral affix | sɔ | ʰtsɐ |
| 棉袄 | cotton jacket | tʂyɣɔtsə | orə |
| 杏子 | apricot | ɣorək | xaŋrə |
| 山羊羔子 | kid (of mountain goat) | eᶳtsə | rəᶳtsə |
| 帽子 | hat | ⁿgɔʂɐ | kɐli |
| 两口子 | married couple | ʱdzɐwɐ | ʱdzɐⁿgɔ |
| 头面 | face; woman's head ornaments | ʰtəkgʷɔ | ʰtəkdʑap |
# High explosive violent reaction

A high explosive violent reaction (HEVR) includes reactions ranging from a fast deflagration of the high explosive (HE), up to and including a detonation of the high explosive. The explosive wave may be subsonic or supersonic.

## Discussion

In the mid-1990s, scientists and engineers working at the United States Department of Energy's National Security Laboratories began applying Probabilistic Risk Assessment methodologies to understand and enhance nuclear-weapon-safety over a life cycle. Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) generally address three basic questions:
* What can go wrong, or what are the initiators or initiating events (undesirable starting events) that lead to adverse consequence(s) (e.g., a nuclear-weapon accident, incident or off-normal event)?
* What and how severe are the potential detriments, or the adverse consequences from the initiating event?
* What is the likelihood of these adverse consequences, or what are the probabilities or frequencies of occurrence?
Addressing questions two and three required weapon-scientists and engineers to develop methods and terminologies to estimate and describe warhead-response to abnormal environments (e.g., identified initiating events) with a focus on the potential for release or dispersal of special nuclear material (SNM). Nuclear yield from abnormal environments was not part of the PRA focus because all of the United States' nuclear weapons are required to adhere to strict one-point-safety standards. To describe PRA warhead-response possibilities, weaponeers categorized SNM dispersal outcomes into three possible categories:
* Mechanical dispersal due to breach of the pit (localized scatter with no aerosolization);
* Combustion dispersal due to burning of the HE and SNM (approximately 0.1% aerosolization); and
* HEVR dispersal defined as an explosion or "violent" reaction that outside of a laboratory or test-range environment can only be described as a continuum from violent deflagration to detonation (assumed 100% aerosolization).
Since the advent of applying PRA methodologies to nuclear-weapon safety in the mid-1990s, the term HEVR has gained wide usage among scientists and engineers working in the fields of explosive science, safety, and surety.
# High on the Hog (Black Oak Arkansas album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
High on the Hog is the fourth studio album by American southern rock band Black Oak Arkansas, released in 1973 by Atco Records. It is known for its cover of the LaVern Baker song "Jim Dandy", which reached number 25 on the US Billboard Hot 100.
High on the Hog remains the group's most successful release.

## Critical reception

On AllMusic, Donald A. Guarisco wrote "["Jim Dandy"] is definitely High on the Hog's undisputed highlight, but the other tracks surrounding it also have plenty to offer. Although they were too eccentric a band to fit a strict "Southern rock" label à la Lynyrd Skynyrd, Black Oak Arkansas did have an ability to dish up both country and rock sounds with style.... [T]he group also shows a surprising ability to mix elements of pure funk into their country-rock stew..."

## Track listing

All songs by Black Oak Arkansas, except "Jim Dandy" by Lincoln Chase and "Moonshine Sonata" by Black Oak Arkansas & Tom Dowd.
* "Swimmin' in Quicksand" – 3:20
* "Back to the Land" – 2:25
* "Movin'" – 3:13
* "Happy Hooker" – 5:27
* "Red Hot Lovin'" – 2:45
* "Jim Dandy" – 2:38
* "Moonshine Sonata" – 5:26
* "Why Shouldn't I Smile" – 2:21
* "High 'n' Dry" – 2:25
* "Mad Man" – 3:50

## Personnel
### Black Oak Arkansas

* Jim "Dandy" Mangrum – lead vocals
* Rickie Reynolds – guitars
* Harvey Jett – guitars
* Stanley Knight – guitars
* Pat Daugherty – bass guitar
* Tommy Aldridge – drums

### Additional personnel

* Ruby Starr – backing vocals on "Jim Dandy"

### Production

* Tom Dowd – producer
* Ron & Howie Albert – engineers on tracks 3, 9, 10
* Ed Barton – engineer on the other tracks
* Joe Petagno – album illustration

## Charts

| Chart (1974) | Peak position |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM) | 81 |
| US Billboard 200 | 52 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# M19 (Durban)

The M19 is a metropolitan route in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa, connecting Pinetown to Springfield Park in Durban.

## Route

The M19 begins at the M13 off-ramp intersection with the M7 in Pinetown and follows a route north as a dual-carriage roadway named 'St Johns Avenue'.
Shortly after, it then meets the M31 (Josiah Gumede Road) in the Pinetown CBD and proceeds north-east. At the M32 Shepstone Rd/Beviss Rd intersection, the M19 leaves Pinetown to enter New Germany as a dual-carriageway freeway and passes under the M5 Otto Volek Road off-ramp. It then turns eastwards at the M32 Roger Sishi Road off-ramp before proceeding through Westville.
A few kilometres after Dunkeld Road off-ramp, it enters Durban at Reservoir Hills, turns in northeast, passes over the Mountbatten Drive off-ramp and turns in a southeasterly direction. Hereafter, it ends as a freeway east of Reservoir Hills at the massive Umgeni Interchange with the N2 freeway (to KwaDukuza and Port Shepstone).
It continues southeast as a dual-carriage roadway named 'Umgeni Road' through the Springfield Park industrial area and turns in an easterly direction before ending at an interchange with the R102 Chris Hani Road/Umgeni Road (to Avoca and the Durban city centre).
# Hinterland, Switzerland

Hinterland District is one of districts of the Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland.
# M70

M70, M-70, or M.70 may refer to:

## Transportation

* BMW M70, a 1990s V12 automobile engine
* M-70 (Michigan highway), a former state highway in Michigan
* M-70 (marine highway), a federal marine highway, including parts of the Mississippi River, the Missouri River, and the Ohio River
* M70 motorway (Hungary), a motorway in Hungary
* Macchi M.70, an Italian light biplane of the late 1920s
* M70 (Johannesburg), a road in Johannesburg

## Other uses

* Messier 70, a globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius
* Zastava M70, a Yugoslav version of the AK-47 assault rifle
* M 70, an age group for Masters athletics (athletes aged 35+)
* M70, a Samsung Sens laptop computer model
# MV Taku

M/V Taku is a Malaspina-class mainline vessel built for the Alaska Marine Highway System. The ship has been retired and was sold to a Dubai-based company for $171,000. The owner sought to sell the ferry internationally, and was unsuccessful, and it was last seen beached in Alang, India, to be scrapped.

## History

Designed by Philip F. Spaulding & Associates, constructed in 1963 by the Puget Sound Bridge & Dry Dock Company in Seattle, Washington, the M/V Taku is named after Taku Glacier which is located just southeast of Juneau, Alaska, and has been in the ferry system for over forty years. In 1981, the Taku received a major refurbishment and was in service steadily until the summer of 2015 when she was laid up due to budget considerations. The AMHS subsequently announced that it would retire the vessel in preparation for sale or scrapping.

## Role

As a mainline ferry, Taku served the larger of the inside passage communities (such as Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Sitka), its route primarily stayed between Ketchikan and Skagway in Southeast Alaska.
The M/V Taku was the largest of the three AMHS vessels able to serve the communities of Hoonah and Kake and because of this served as a critical component of providing transportation out of Hoonah and Kake after the "milk run" ferry, the MV LeConte hit a rock and went into dry dock.

## Amenities

The Taku's amenities included a hot-food cafeteria; bar; solarium; forward, aft, recliner, movie, and business lounges; gift shop; 8 four-berth cabins; and 36 two-berth cabins.

## Accidents and Incidents

* On April 23rd, 1963 the Taku struck a rock outside Petersburg in a minus tide. She returned to service on May 3rd.
* On August 8th, 1963 two boys entered the wheelhouse when the Taku was preparing to leave Petersburg, and engaged the engines. The resulting damage to the dock left the vehicle loading ramp out of commission for three months.
* On July 29th, 1970, the Taku ran aground on Kinihan Island, outside of Prince Rupert, Canada. All passengers on board were evacuated safely, and the cars were transferred to the BC Ferry MV Queen of Prince Rupert