OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Green Camp Township, Marion County, Ohio

Green Camp Township is one of the fifteen townships of Marion County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 1,080 people in the township, 310 of whom lived in the village of Green Camp.

## Geography

Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Big Island Township - north
* Marion Township - northeast
* Pleasant Township - east
* Prospect Township - southeast
* Jackson Township, Union County - southwest
* Bowling Green Township - west
The village of Green Camp is located in eastern Green Camp Township.

## Name and history

It is the only Green Camp Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# HIV-associated lipodystrophy

HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a condition characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat associated with infection with HIV.$^{:497}$

## Presentation

HIV-associated lipodystrophy commonly presents with fat loss in face, buttocks, arms and legs.
There is also fat accumulation in various body parts. Patients often present with "buffalo hump"-like fat deposits in their upper backs. Breast size of patients (both male and female) tends to increase. In addition, patients develop abdominal obesity.

## Cause

The exact mechanism of HIV-associated lipodystrophy is not fully elucidated. There is evidence indicating both that it can be caused by anti-retroviral medications and that it can be caused by HIV infection in the absence of anti-retroviral medication.

### Evidence implicating anti-retroviral medications

On the one hand, lipodystrophy seems to be mainly due to HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Interference with lipid metabolism is postulated as pathophysiology. Also, the development of lipodystrophy is associated with specific nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Mitochondrial toxicity is postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis associated with NRTI.

### Evidence implicating HIV infection alone

On the other hand, there is evidence that HIV-1 infection on its own contributes to the development of the lipodystrophic phenotype by interfering with some key genes of adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial function on patients which have not received antiretroviral treatment.

## Management

GHRH analogs such as tesamorelin can be used to treat HIV-associated lipodystrophy.

## Prognosis

Reversion of lipodystrophy does not occur after withdrawal of protease inhibitors.
# Herb Donaldson

Herb Donaldson may refer to:
* Herb Donaldson (American football) (born 1985), American football running back
* Herb Donaldson (lawyer), LGBT civil rights advocate
# Lane Nakano

Lane Nakano (March 16, 1925 – April 28, 2005) was a former American combat soldier turned actor.

## Early life

Nakano grew up in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Nakano had two brothers, Frank and Lyle and two sisters, May and Lucy.
Nakano's family unofficially adopted legendary Marine Corps combat interpreter Guy Gabaldon at age 12. Gabaldon was awarded the Navy Cross for his heroic actions on Saipan and Tinian islands during World War II which included saving the lives of many Japanese civilians on the two islands.

### World War II

During World War II, following the signing of Executive Order 9066, Nakano and his family were interned at the Heart Mountain Relocation Center in Wyoming.

## Career
### Military

While Nakano was in the Heart Mountain Relocation Center, he volunteered for service in the U.S. Army. Nakano and his brother were assigned to the legendary and much decorated 442nd Regimental Combat Team.

### Entertainment

Nakano's opportunity to work as an actor began when he was discovered after the war by Hollywood director and writer Robert Pirosh. Pirosh cast Nakano as second billing after American actor Van Johnson in the 1951 war film about the history of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team during World War II, Go for Broke.
Nakano was known as a singer in Los Angeles' Japanese-American community.

### Business

After he left acting, Nakano became vice president of the import-export firm Magna Industries, Inc., of Los Angeles. For years, he also was involved in businesses related to greenhouses and aluminum siding.

## Personal life

Nakano married a woman named Fumi, and they had two sons, Dean Nakano and film director Desmond Nakano.
On April 28, 2005, Nakano died from emphysema in a hospital in Sherman Oaks, California at the age of 80.

### Legacy

Nakano's son, Desmond, wrote and produced the 2007 film American Pastime using Lane's experiences in internment camp as one source of historical information and naming the two lead characters Lyle and Lane. While the lead character is Lyle, Lane, the older of the two brothers, comes back from the 442nd missing a leg, and becomes the focal character in the final scene.

## Filmography
### Film

* 1949 Tokyo Joe - Rickshaw driver.
* 1951 Go for Broke - Sam.
* 1951 I Was an American Spy - Advance guard.
* 1951 Peking Express - driver of jeep.
* 1951 No Questions Asked - Lon.
* 1952 Japanese War Bride - Shiro Hasagawa.
* 1952 Hong Kong - C17 pilot.
* 1953 China Venture - Japanese sniper.
* 1954 Hell and High Water - Japanese sailor.
* 1954 Deep in My Heart- Japanese butler.
* 1958 The Geisha Boy - Japanese gardener.
* 1959 Don't Give Up the Ship - Japanese soldier.
* 1965 Three Weeks of Love - Ken Okimura.
* 1965 Sea of Souls - Ken Okimura.

### Television series

* 1960 Hawaiian Eye. Then There Were Three episode. Season 1 episode 17. Taki.
* 1960 Route 66. Layout at Glen Canyon episode. Season 1, episode 9. Nikko.
# Sparruhorn

The Sparruhorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking St. Niklaus in the canton of Valais. It lies on the range between the Turtmanntal and the Mattertal, although it is located within the Mattertal and not on the watershed between the two valleys.
On the north side of the mountain lies the small valley of the Jungtal. To the south, beyond the Sparrulicke, is the Festihorn.
# Watch Your Step (Ted Hawkins album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Line of Best Fit | 7/10 |
| The New Rolling Stone Record Guide | |
| Tom Hull – on the Web | B+ |
Watch Your Step is a 1982 album by Ted Hawkins, a collection of previously recorded songs.

## Release

At the time of the album's release, Hawkins was a guest of the California Medical Facility in Vacaville.

## Critical reception

The Boston Phoenix called Watch Your Step "a triumph ... much more than the best blues album of the year -- it's an unexpected hybrid, the first folk-soul masterpiece." Trouser Press wrote: "Teaching a mighty acoustic lesson in roots music, Hawkins inhabits that secular place just outside the churchyard where gospel, folk and soul meet." Robert Christgau wrote that "these little dramas of passion, tenderness and betrayal are stamped with the sin-and-redemption of a lived life." The New Rolling Stone Record Guide wrote that "soul and blues fans need to hear this, if only to restore their faith in the dying art of emotional conviction."

## Track listing

All songs were written by Theodore Hawkins, Jr. (i.e. Ted Hawkins); who also sang and played guitar on all of them.
* "Watch Your Step" – Acoustic version
* "Bring It Home Daddy"
* "If You Love Me"
* "Don't Lose Your Cool"
* "The Lost Ones"
* "Who Got My Natural Comb?"
* "Peace & Happiness"
* "Sweet Baby"
* "Stop Your Crying"
* "Put In a Cross"
* "Sorry You're Sick"
* "Watch Your Step" – Full band version
* "TWA"
* "I Gave Up All I Had"
* "Stay Close to Me"

## Personnel

According to an early vinyl release:
* Ted Hawkins – guitar, vocals
* Elizabeth Hawkins – vocals on "Don't Lose Your Cool" and "I Gave Up All I Had"
* Phillip Walker – lead guitar on 2, 6, 8, 12
* Arthur Woods – piano on 2, 6, 8, 12
* Ollie "Count" Gaines – bass on 2, 8, 12
* Dennis Walker – bass on "Who Got My Natural Comb?"
* Donny Tucker – drums on 2, 6, 8, 12
* David Majal Li – saxophone on 2, 6, 8, 12
* Melvin Moore – trumpet on 2, 6, 8, 12
* Ina Bea Walker and Jimmy Grisby – backing vocals on "Bring It Home Daddy"
# Bipolar magnetic semiconductor

Bipolar magnetic semiconductors (BMSs) are a special class of magnetic semiconductors characterized by a unique electronic structure, where valence band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) are fully spin polarized in the opposite spin direction. BMSs can be described by three energy gaps, the spin-flip gap Δ2 in valence band (VB), band gap Δ1 and spin-flip gap Δ3 in conduction band (CB). Up to now, bipolar magnetic semiconductors, together with half-metal and spin gapless semiconductor, have been viewed as three important classes of spintronic materials.

## Properties and potential applications

The proposal of bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) is aimed to realize electrical control of carriers' spin orientation, which is a key scientific problem in developing high performance spintronics devices, since electric field can be easily applied locally, in contrast to magnetic field. In BMS, the carriers' spin orientation can be controlled simply by altering the sign of the applied gate voltage. Under zero gate voltage (V$_G$ = 0), BMS is semiconducting. Under negative gate voltages (V$_G$ < 0) which shift down the material's Fermi level (E$_F$) into spin-flip gap Δ2 in valence band, BMS conducts with carriers fully spin up polarized, while the conducting carriers change to be fully spin down polarized when positive gate voltages (V$_G$ > 0) push the Fermi level (E$_F$) up into spin-flip gap Δ3 in conduction band. BMS is expected to be applied as bipolar field effect spin filter and field effect spin valve, or entangled electron detectors and separators.

## Materials developments

A number of BMS materials have been theoretically predicted, such as MnPSe$_3$ nanosheets, Heusler alloys FeVXSi (X = Ti, Zr), double perovskites A$_2$CrOsO$_6$ (A=Ca, Sr, Ba) and DPP-based metal–organic framework. However, the experimental realization of electrical control of spin orientation in these materials still keeps a challenge and needs further experimental efforts.
# Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Musical Performance

The Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Musical Performance is an annual award presented since 2013 by the Evening Standard in recognition of achievement in British theatre.

## Winners and nominees

| Year | Actor | Work | Character |
| 2013 |
| 2013 | Rosalie Craig | The Light Princess | The Light Princess |
| 2013 | Cynthia Erivo | The Colour Purple | Celie Harris Johnson |
| 2013 | Charlotte Wakefield | The Sound of Music | Maria von Trapp |
| 2014 |
| N/A |||
| 2015 |
| 2015 | Imelda Staunton | Gypsy | Mama Rose |
| 2015 | Katie Brayben | Beautiful | Carole King |
| 2015 | Rosalie Craig | City of Angels | Gabbi/Bobbi |
| 2015 | Killian Donnelly | Kinky Boots | Charlie Price |
| 2016 |
| 2016 | Glenn Close | Sunset Boulevard | Norma Desmond |
| 2016 | Andy Karl | Groundhog Day | Phil Connors |
| 2016 | Sheridan Smith | Funny Girl | Fanny Brice |
| 2017 |
| 2017 | Amber Riley | Dreamgirls | Effie White |
| 2017 | Janie Dee | Follies | Phyllis Rogers Stone |
| 2017 | Robert Fairchild | An American in Paris | Jerry Mulligan |
| 2018 |
| 2018 | Rosalie Craig | Company | Bobbie |
| 2018 | Sharon D. Clarke | Caroline, or Change | Caroline Thibodeaux |
| 2018 | Arinzé Kene | Misty | Arinzé |
| 2018 | Kelli O'Hara | The King and I | Anna Leonowens |
| 2018 | Adrienne Warren | Tina | Tina Turner |
| 2019 |
| 2019 | Anne-Marie Duff | Sweet Charity | Charity Hope Valentine |
| 2019 | Andy Nyman | Fiddler on the Roof | Teyve |
| 2019 | Sheridan Smith | Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat | Narrator |
| 2022 |
| 2022 | Patrick Vaill | Oklahoma! | Jud |
| 2022 | Jessie Buckley | Cabaret | Sally Bowles |
| 2022 | Arinzé Kene | Get Up, Stand Up! | Bob Marley |
| 2022 | Sutton Foster | Anything Goes | Reno Sweeney |
| 2022 | Marisha Wallace | Oklahoma! | Ado Annie |
| 2023 |
| 2023 | Nicole Scherzinger | Sunset Boulevard | Norma Desmond |
| 2023 | Kyle Ramar Freeman | A Strange Loop | Usher |
| 2023 | Charlie Stemp | Crazy for You | Bobby Child |
| 2023 | Marisha Wallace | Guys and Dolls | Miss Adelaide |

## Multiple awards and nominations
### Awards

2 awards
* Rosalie Craig

### Nominations

3 nominations
* Rosalie Craig
2 nominations
* Arinzé Kene
* Sheridan Smith
* Marisha Wallace
# Ecgberht II of Kent

Ecgberht II was king of Kent jointly with Heaberht.
Ecgberht II is known from his coins and charters, ranging from 765 to 779, two of which were witnessed or confirmed by Heaberht.
Ecgberht II acceded by 765, when he issued his earliest surviving charter. However, around this time Offa, king of Mercia, appears to have been attempting to rule Kent directly, as he seems to have issued or confirmed a number of charters relating to Kent. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a battle was fought at Otford in 776, and, although the outcome was not recorded, the fact that Kent seems to have remained independent for several years afterward suggests that Ecgberht was victorious. It is known that he remained king until at least 779, the date of his latest charter.
# St. Peter's Catholic Church (Rensselaer, Missouri)

St. Peter's Catholic Church, also known as Brush Creek Church, is a historic Roman Catholic church located near Rensselaer, Ralls County, Missouri. The church was built about 1862, and is a one-story, rectangular limestone building with limestone and sandstone ornamentation. It is topped by a gable roof with belfry. It features lancet windows and has a frame two-room addition sheathed in weatherboard.$^{:2}$ It is the church on the site where Augustus Tolton, the first ordained African American Catholic priest, was baptized.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Lane Mestepey

Rogers Lane Mestepey Jr. is a former college baseball pitcher at LSU.
He was ranked among the top players for LSU during the 2000s and ranks second in school history in total victories.

## Playing career
### College

Mestepey spent four years pitching at Louisiana State University, playing from 2001 to 2005. Compared to Hall of Fame Greg Maddux at one point, Mestepey was the first pitcher in LSU history to win 10 or more games each of his first two seasons with the club. In his first season, he was 11–3 with a 3.75 ERA and also led the SEC in victories. He is notable for winning the 2001 Louisville Slugger Freshman Player of the Year honor alongside infielder Jamie D'Antona.
In his second season, he was 11–5 with a 2.60 ERA. He missed 2003 after having shoulder surgery. In 2004, his third campaign, he was the school's top pitcher and went 7–4 with a 3.51 mark and in 2005, his senior year, he was 7–8 with a 4.94 mark. He tossed 17 complete games in his career.

## Early life

Mestepey was born on January 14, 1982, and attended Central Private High School.
# Gloeohypochnicium

Gloeohypochnicium is a genus of wood-inhabiting crust fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Russulales. Originally conceived by Erast Parmasto as a subgenus of Hypochnicium, Kurt Hjortstam considered it worthy of distinct generic status in 1987. The type species, G. analogum, was described as new to science in 1913 by French mycologists Hubert Bourdot and Amédée Galzin as a species of Gloeocystidium. G. versatum was added to the genus in 2010.
# Wauraltee, South Australia

Wauraltee is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Yorke Peninsula about 102 kilometres (63 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of the municipal seat of Maitland.
Wauraltee's boundaries were created on 27 May 1999 and given the “local established name” which is derived from a local aboriginal word.
Wauraltee is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Narungga and the local government area of the Yorke Peninsula Council.
# Bishul Yisrael

Bishul Yisrael (literally "cooking of Israel" - i.e., by a Jew) is a Hebrew term for one of the laws of kashrut in Judaism. The rule prohibits eating certain foods if they are cooked exclusively by non-Jews. The term is the opposite of bishul akum (cooking of a non-Jew), which the rule forbids. Akum (עכו"ם) is an acronym of Ovdey Kochavim U'Mazalot (עובדי כוכבים ומזלות), literally "worshippers of stars and zodiac signs", but is actually a term for non-Jews).
This rule is part of a set of decrees instituted by the rabbis of the Talmud to prevent intermarriages with non-Jews. The prohibition of bishul akum applies to a formal meal prepared exclusively by non-Jews, even if the situation was one that had no other kosher food problems.
The prohibition applies only if the food is prepared exclusively by non-Jews. A small amount of Jewish participation can suffice to keep the food kosher. Different rabbis have different views on the absolute minimum: Sephardi poskim state that the minimum participation is to light the fire and place the pot on it to cook, while Ashkenazim are satisfied with merely lighting the fire, or even making a slight adjustment to a fire that was already lit by a non-Jew.
The law applies only to foods that, according to the Talmud, are "fit for a king's table" and are not generally eaten raw. Foods that would not be served at a state dinner are exempt from bishul akum, and are kosher even if cooked totally by non-Jews, provided that all the other requirements of kosher food are met. Maimonides explains that this prohibition was originally decreed in order to avoid a Jew being invited over by a non-Jew for a meal (which may lead to intermarriage), and people do not invite each other for dinner over food that is not "fit for a King's table" (Maimonides, Ma'akhalot Asurot 17:15).
In contemporary observance, mashgichim, along with supervising food preparation, typically help start the stove and/or provide other participation in the cooking sufficient to ensure that the rule of bishul Yisrael is complied with.
# List of Major League Baseball teams by payroll in 2010

This is a list of the 30 Major League Baseball teams from the 2010 season, ranked by total team salary. Values only include salaries of players on their respective 2010 rosters.
| RANK | TEAM | TOTAL PAYROLL | AVG SALARY | MEDIAN SALARY | STANDARD DEV |
| 1 | New York Yankees | $206,333,389 | $8,253,335 | $5,500,000 | $9,267,187 |
| 2 | Boston Red Sox | $162,447,333 | $5,601,632 | $3,750,000 | $5,100,972 |
| 3 | Chicago Cubs | $146,609,000 | $5,429,962 | $2,125,000 | $6,625,154 |
| 4 | Philadelphia Phillies | $141,928,379 | $5,068,870 | $2,750,000 | $5,362,862 |
| 5 | New York Mets | $134,422,942 | $4,800,819 | $1,375,000 | $5,850,033 |
| 6 | Detroit Tigers | $122,864,928 | $4,550,552 | $1,500,000 | $5,770,275 |
| 7 | Chicago White Sox | $105,530,000 | $4,058,846 | $2,500,000 | $4,400,865 |
| 8 | Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim | $104,963,866 | $3,619,443 | $2,050,000 | $4,080,627 |
| 9 | San Francisco Giants | $98,641,333 | $3,522,904 | $910,000 | $4,556,395 |
| 10 | Minnesota Twins | $97,559,166 | $3,484,255 | $1,800,000 | $4,027,577 |
| 11 | Los Angeles Dodgers | $95,358,016 | $3,531,778 | $1,000,000 | $4,595,826 |
| 12 | St. Louis Cardinals | $93,540,751 | $3,741,630 | $1,000,000 | $5,075,085 |
| 13 | Houston Astros | $92,355,500 | $3,298,410 | $1,325,000 | $4,847,410 |
| 14 | Seattle Mariners | $86,510,000 | $3,089,642 | $1,118,750 | $4,193,128 |
| 15 | Atlanta Braves | $84,423,666 | $3,126,802 | $1,150,000 | $4,096,206 |
| 16 | Colorado Rockies | $84,227,000 | $2,904,379 | $1,300,000 | $3,798,234 |
| 17 | Baltimore Orioles | $81,612,500 | $3,138,942 | $1,325,000 | $3,399,398 |
| 18 | Milwaukee Brewers | $81,108,278 | $2,796,837 | $1,287,500 | $3,331,815 |
| 19 | Tampa Bay Rays | $71,923,471 | $2,663,832 | $1,800,000 | $2,958,069 |
| 20 | Cincinnati Reds | $71,761,542 | $2,760,059 | $485,000 | $3,940,122 |
| 21 | Kansas City Royals | $71,405,210 | $2,644,637 | $1,700,000 | $3,214,399 |
| 22 | Toronto Blue Jays | $62,234,000 | $2,074,466 | $825,000 | $3,108,950 |
| 23 | Washington Nationals | $61,400,000 | $2,046,666 | $725,000 | $2,861,545 |
| 24 | Cleveland Indians | $61,203,966 | $2,110,481 | $427,500 | $3,408,500 |
| 25 | Arizona Diamondbacks | $60,718,166 | $2,335,314 | $1,416,666 | $2,369,465 |
| 26 | Florida Marlins | $57,029,719 | $2,112,211 | $550,000 | $2,691,680 |
| 27 | Texas Rangers | $55,250,544 | $1,905,191 | $510,000 | $2,751,240 |
| 28 | Oakland Athletics | $51,654,900 | $1,666,287 | $420,000 | $2,884,030 |
| 29 | San Diego Padres | $37,799,300 | $1,453,819 | $421,750 | $1,751,078 |
| 30 | Pittsburgh Pirates | $34,943,000 | $1,294,185 | $452,000 | $1,479,520 |
# Excoecaria formosana

Excoecaria formosana is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was originally described as Excoecaria crenulata var. formosana Hayata. It is native to Nansei-shoto, Japan and Taiwan.
# Llanwddyn (electoral ward)

Llanwddyn (Welsh pronunciation) was the name of an electoral wards in the far north of Powys, Wales. It covered the community of Llanwddyn (which gives it its name) as well as the neighbouring communities of Llangynog and Pen-y-Bont-Fawr. The ward elected a county councillor to Powys County Council.
According to the 2011 census the population of the ward was 1,036.
Following a boundary review, Llanwddyn was merged to become part of the larger ward of Banwy, Llanfihangel and Llanwddyn, effective from the 2022 local elections.

## County councillors

Conservative Party candidate Simon Baynes represented the ward following the May 2008 council elections. He stood down after only one term in office.
Independent councillor Darren Mayor was elected unopposed as ward councillor in May 2012 and became Powys County Council's cabinet member for property, buildings and housing. Cllr Mayor was a governor of Llanfyllin High School and resigned from the council in March 2016 because of irregular funding for the school's bus service.
Previous councillor Simon Baynes stood again at the May 2017 council election, but lost to Bryn Davies who won Plaid Cymru's first seat on Powys Council. Previous councillor Darren Mayor stood again but came fourth.
2017 Powys County Council election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Plaid Cymru | Bryn Peryddon DAVIES | 192 | 47.9% |
| | Conservative | Simon Robert Maurice BAYNES | 159 | 39.7% |
| | Green | Jenny MATTHEWS | 31 | 7.7% |
| | Independent | Darren MAYOR | 17 | 4.2% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 401 | 47% |