OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valence House Museum

Valence House Museum is the only surviving of the five manor houses of Dagenham. The timber-framed museum building, partially surrounded by a moat, is situated in Valence Park off Becontree Avenue, in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, London, England. The building has been used as a manor house, a family home, a town hall, the headquarters of the library service and now houses a museum.

## Valence House Museum

The museum contains permanent exhibitions on history and life in Barking and Dagenham, including displays from the 1945 Becontree Estate. It hosts regular special events for the public and school parties.
Valence House Museum, archives and local studies library closed on 22 December 2007 for a period of extensive refurbishment, partly funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. It reopened in June 2010 and a few days later a plaque was unveiled to mark the funding. The refurbishment included a new purpose-built archive and local studies centre.
An exhibition opened showing restored items from the Ray and Diana Harryhausen Foundation collection at Valence House Museum on 14 March 2018. The exhibition was inspired by local man Alan Friswell who worked with Ray Harryhausen on the creature's restorations. It was funded Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council.

## Valence Park

The surrounding park of 27.82 acres (0.11 km$^2$), has been created from the former Valence House estate, and was purchased by Dagenham Urban District Council from the London County Council in 1926.
The park hosts one of the Great Trees of London, a Holm oak.

## History

A house was first established on this site in the 13th century, owned by Robert Dynes in 1280. Later tenants of the estate are commemorated in the road names surrounding the park. The name of the house derives from 14th-century tenants, Agnes de Valence and her brother Aylmer, Earl of Pembroke, who came from a wealthy family in the French province of Valence, the family moving here when their uncle became king. The estate passed into the ownership of the Dean and Chapter of Windsor in 1475, and remained in their ownership until 1867, when it passed to the Church Commissioners. In the latter part of the 16th century the owner and tenant of Valence House was Timothy Lucye, who married in 1584 Susanna, daughter of Henry Fanshawe, of Jenkyns, an adjoining manor. He was the brother of Sir Thomas Lucy of Charlecote, Warwickshire.

### Local government

In 1921, the London County Council (LCC) purchased the building and land to develop the Becontree estate. The house was used as the LCC headquarters during construction. The Dagenham Urban District Council acquired the premises. During 1928 and 1929 they extended to building for use as offices and the council chamber.
Valence House served as the town hall until 1937, when the Dagenham Civic Centre was completed. The house became the library headquarters of the borough. The house is now a museum, and houses the Borough Archives and Local Studies Library in a new building.
The building was Grade II* listed in 1954.
# Live Animals (album)

Live Animals is the sixth live album by English punk rock band the Anti-Nowhere League. It contains tracks recorded at various times at various shows, but all have either appeared on Live In Yugoslavia or Live and Loud.

## Track listing

* Animal
* Lets Break The Law
* Streets of London (McTell)
* For You
* Can't Stand Rock ‘n’ Roll
* We Will Survive
* Going Down
* Let The Country Feed You
* Queen And Country
* Johannesburg
* Crime
* Branded
* Something Else
* On The Waterfront
* So What!
* Snowman
* Fuck Around The Clock
# Attercliffe Academy

Attercliffe Academy was a Dissenting academy set up in the north of England by Timothy Jollie.
Richard Frankland had founded Rathmell Academy at Rathmell, but was forced to move several times. The school moved to Attercliffe, a suburb of Sheffield, Yorkshire, leaving it at the end of July 1689, in consequence of the death of his favourite son, and returning to Rathmell. His pupil Timothy Jollie, independent minister at Sheffield, began another academy at Attercliffe on a more restricted principle than Frankland's, excluding mathematics ‘as tending to scepticism.
# Davey Armstrong

Davey Lee Armstrong (June 9, 1956 – February 8, 2021) was a boxer from the United States.

## Amateur career

Armstrong was born in Puyallup, Washington, and began boxing at the Tacoma Boys Club, along with future world champions Rocky Lockridge and Johnny Bumphus, as well as 1972 Olympic Gold Medalist Sugar Ray Seales and 1976 Gold Medalist and professional World Champion, Leo "The Lion" Randolph.
Armstrong represented the US at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was eliminated in the second round of the men's light flyweight division (– 48 kg) by bronze medalist Enrique Rodríguez. Armstrong also was a member of the American Olympic team at the 1976 Montreal Olympics. He competed as a featherweight and was eliminated in the quarterfinals.

### Amateur highlights

* 1972 National AAU Champion (106 lb)
* 1972 U.S. Olympian (106 lb)
* 1973 National AAU Runner-up (119 lb), lost to Mike Hess of Albany, Oregon, in the final by decision.
* 1975 National AAU Champion (125 lb)
* Won the gold medal at the 1975 Pan American Games.
* 1976 National AAU Champion (125 lb)
* 1976 U.S. Olympian (Placed Fifth)
* 1979 National AAU Champion (132 lb)

## 1976 Olympic results

Below is the record of Davey Armstrong, an American featherweight boxer who competed at the 1976 Montreal Olympics:
* Round of 64: bye
* Round of 32: defeated Anatoly Volkov (Soviet Union) by decision, 5-0
* Round of 16: defeated Tibor Badari (Hungary) by decision, 5-0
* Quarterfinal: lost to Angel Herrera (Cuba) by decision, 2-3

## Pro career

David (Davey) started boxing out of the Tacoma Boy's Club Gym under the tutelage of Joe Clough. Armstrong turned pro as a lightweight on March 28, 1980 and boxed out of the Kronk Gym in Detroit. He was a kind and gentle man and rarely if ever had a bad word for anyone. Armstrong retired in 1983 after 27 bouts (24 wins and 3 losses).

## Life after boxing

Armstrong lived in Puyallup, Washington, and worked for the City of Seattle as a bookkeeper. He died from dementia on February 8, 2021.

## Honors

* 2005 Inductee into the Tacoma (Pierce County) Sports Hall of Fame
# Dimensional reduction

Dimensional reduction is the limit of a compactified theory where the size of the compact dimension goes to zero. In physics, a theory in D spacetime dimensions can be redefined in a lower number of dimensions d, by taking all the fields to be independent of the location in the extra D − d dimensions.
For example, consider a periodic compact dimension with period L. Let x be the coordinate along this dimension. Any field $\phi$ can be described as a sum of the following terms:
    $\phi _{n}(x)=A_{n}\cos \left({\frac {2\pi nx}{L}}\right)$
with A$_n$ a constant. According to quantum mechanics, such a term has momentum nh/L along x, where h is the Planck constant. Therefore, as L goes to zero, the momentum goes to infinity, and so does the energy, unless n = 0. However n = 0 gives a field which is constant with respect to x. So at this limit, and at finite energy, $\phi$ will not depend on x.
This argument generalizes. The compact dimension imposes specific boundary conditions on all fields, for example periodic boundary conditions in the case of a periodic dimension, and typically Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions in other cases. Now suppose the size of the compact dimension is L; then the possible eigenvalues under gradient along this dimension are integer or half-integer multiples of 1/L (depending on the precise boundary conditions). In quantum mechanics this eigenvalue is the momentum of the field, and is therefore related to its energy. As L → 0 all eigenvalues except zero go to infinity, and so does the energy. Therefore, at this limit, with finite energy, zero is the only possible eigenvalue under gradient along the compact dimension, meaning that nothing depends on this dimension.
Dimensional reduction also refers to a specific cancellation of divergences in Feynman diagrams. It was put forward by Amnon Aharony, Yoseph Imry, and Shang-keng Ma who proved in 1976 that "to all orders in perturbation expansion, the critical exponents in a d-dimensional (4 < d < 6) system with short-range exchange and a random quenched field are the same as those of a (d − 2)-dimensional pure system". Their arguments indicated that the "Feynman diagrams which give the leading singular behavior for the random case are identically equal, apart from combinatorial factors, to the corresponding Feynman diagrams for the pure case in two fewer dimensions." This dimensional reduction was investigated further in the context of supersymmetric theory of Langevin stochastic differential equations by Giorgio Parisi and Nicolas Sourlas who "observed that the most infrared divergent diagrams are those with the maximum number of random source insertions, and, if the other diagrams are neglected, one is left with a diagrammatic expansion for a classical field theory in the presence of random sources ... Parisi and Sourlas explained this dimensional reduction by a hidden supersymmetry."
# Forest honeyeater

The forest honeyeater (Microptilotis montanus) is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is found throughout New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
# John Comiskey (Canadian football)

John Comiskey (born November 17, 1980, in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan) is a former professional Canadian football centre in the Canadian Football League.

## Early years

Comiskey played for the Windsor AKO Fratmen of the Canadian Junior Football League, where he was an all-star and part of the 1999 National Junior Champions. He played at Rutgers University in 2000 as a freshman. Following the footsteps of his older brother Dan Comiskey, John then played for the Windsor Lancers in 2002 and 2003 and acted as the team captain in 2002.

## Professional career

The Calgary Stampeders chose Comiskey 19th overall in the third round of the 2005 CFL Draft and he played seven games of the 2005 CFL season and all 18 games of the 2006 CFL season for the Stampeders. Comiskey played 13 regular season games of the 2007 CFL season for Calgary and the West Semi-Final game, missing five games due to a shoulder nerve injury.
Comiskey was traded to the Edmonton Eskimos along with Kevin Challenger and the 11th and 19th overall picks in the 2008 CFL Draft in exchange for the Eskimos' second and tenth overall picks in the 2008 draft. The trade allowed him to play alongside his older brother Dan Comiskey on the offensive line. He started all 18 games for the Eskimos at centre and was Edmonton's nominee for the CFL's Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman Award. He re-signed with the Eskimos on December 4, 2008, for two years plus an optional year.
Comiskey re-signed with the Stampeders in 2010 but retired May 13, 2010, due to a knee injury.
# Acanthothecis salazinica

Acanthothecis salazinica is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Panama, it was described as a new species in 2013 by Pieter van den Boom and Harrie J. Sipman. The type specimen was collected near Paraíso, Panamá Province, close to the botanical garden in the Summit Park. Here it was growing on the bark of a cultivated Parmentiera cereifera tree. The lichen contains the secondary chemical salazinic acid, for which it is named. Acanthothecis subclavulifera is quite similar in morphology, but it contains protocetraric acid rather than salazinic acid and it has a different ascospore structure.
Another lichen was named Acanthothecis salazinica in 2013, by Santosh Joshi and Jae-Seoun Hur. However, since the publication date was a few months after van den Boom and Sipman's publication, it is not a validly published name because it is a later homonym and thus illegitimate. It was published validly with a new name, Acanthothecis yokdonensis, in 2017.
# Flaviaesturariibacter luteus

Flaviaesturariibacter luteus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Flaviaesturariibacter which has been isolated from soil from an agricultural floodplain from Mashare in Namibia.
# Cold War tensions and the polio vaccine

Polio (Infantile paralysis or poliomyelitis) epidemics were a concern during the summer months for children globally, with records of polio from the Egyptians and Greeks to the 1950s epidemics. Two U.S. virologists, Jonas Salk of the University of Pittsburgh and Albert B. Sabin of the University of Cincinnati emerged as the most prominent among dozens of American researchers on the quest for a polio vaccine.

## Salk's vaccine

By 1950, Jonas Salk had tested both live attenuated polio vaccines and formaldehyde-killed polio vaccines in monkeys and by 1952, began testing on humans. The killed vaccine, with proper filtration of the biological culture, was found to be effective. A problem with this vaccine was the perception that to be adequately protected; a child needed three properly spaced injections and a recommended booster shot every year, which was expensive. However, Jonas Salk stated in interviews that this perception was not true. The Salk vaccine was the first polio vaccine to receive approval of the U.S. government and was used in the United States until 1961, when the Sabin vaccine was recommended to replace it.

## Sabin's vaccine

Albert Sabin, a virologist who publicly disagreed with Salk and his killed vaccine, worked on creating a vaccine with live attenuated vaccines. In January 1956, despite Cold War tensions, Mikhail Chumakov, the director of Moscow's Polio Research Institute, along with his wife virologist Marina Voroshilova, and his colleague Anatoli Smorodentsev, traveled to the U.S. in order to study the Salk vaccine. They also visited the laboratory of Albert Sabin. With the clearance of the FBI, Sabin flew to Leningrad in June 1956. As a result of the cooperation between Sabin and Chumakov, Sabin was able to test his attenuated vaccine in the USSR when funding in America became unavailable. Sabin's work behind the Iron Curtain led to the determination that the Sabin–Chumakov vaccine was safe and effective.

## Cold war tensions

Cold War tensions caused Western scientists to discount reports from the Russians about the effectiveness of the Sabin vaccine. However, mass vaccinations of Sabin's vaccine spread throughout Eastern Europe from 1960 to 1963. Just as some Soviet virologists did not trust the American Salk vaccine, Americans had similar reservations about the Sabin vaccine. However, other Soviet virologists argued that the Salk vaccine could be considered safe because the Americans had tested it on their own people, and that the Sabin vaccine must be potentially dangerous because the Americans did not want to test it on their own society.

## Federal licensing

The documented achievement of the Sabin–Chumakov collaboration eventually overcame the ideological differences of the Cold War. Their oral live-virus vaccine became federally licensed in 1962, and was used for over three decades to help eliminate polio globally, replacing the Salk vaccine. Using these vaccines, the threat of polio remains a serious threat only in parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
# Valence-en-Poitou

Valence-en-Poitou (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Couhé (the seat), Ceaux-en-Couhé, Châtillon, Payré and Vaux.
# East Bengal Club (field hockey)

Active departments of East Bengal :
| Football (Men's) | Football (Women's) | Football (Reserves & Academy) |
| Cricket (Men's) | Cricket (Women's) | Hockey (Men's) |
| Tennis | Athletics | eSports |
East Bengal Club is an Indian professional field hockey club located in Kolkata, West Bengal. It participates in various tournaments conducted by Hockey Bengal. The team plays its home matches mostly at the East Bengal Ground and also at the SAI Sports Complex at Salt Lake Stadium.
The club participates in the Calcutta Hockey League and the Beighton Cup. The team have won fourteen major state titles as of the 2022 season,

## History

East Bengal Club started their hockey section after the Indian Independence in 1947 and got affiliated with the Bengal Hockey Association (BHA). The Club participated in the Calcutta Hockey League and the Beighton Cup and were the fourth Indian hockey team to win the Calcutta Hockey League in the 1960 season.
The club disbanded their hockey section in 2000, but was eventually revived after 21 years in 2021. In the next season in 2022, East Bengal won their tenth CHL title after 33 years.

## Honours
### League

* Calcutta Hockey League
** Champions (10): 1960, 1961, 1964, 1968, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1989, 2022, 2024

### Cup

* Beighton Cup
** Champions (4): 1957, 1962, 1964, 1967
** Runners-up (3): 1963, 1970, 1987

## Current squad

The squad for the 2022 season:
* Vikas Dahiya
* Pardeep Mor
* Anup Valmiki
* Yuvraj Valmiki
* Manpreet
* Ajit Pandey
* Roshan Kumar
* Harjeet Singh
* Chandan Singh
* Maninder Singh
* Prabhjot Singh
* Iqtidar Israt
* First Sharma
* Aditya Singh
* Nitish Neopane
* Rohit
* Balkar Singh
* Yograj Singh
* Raju Pal
* Atul Island
* Mohit
* Arjun Yadav
* Pawan Singh Chauhan
* Naresh Kumar Chowdhury

## Notable players

Notable players who have represented East Bengal Club includes Olympians Gurbux Singh, Joginder Singh, B. P. Govinda, Inam-ur Rahman, Vece Paes, Mohammed Shahid.
# James Blair Leishman

James Blair Leishman, FBA (8 May 1902 – 14 August 1963) was a British scholar of English literature and a translator of German poetry.
The son of a merchant, Leishman was schooled at Earnseal School and at Rydal Mount in Colwyn Bay before studying classics at St John's College, Oxford; he completed a BLitt in English in 1929. In 1928, he was appointed to an assistant lectureship at the University College, Southampton. He remained there until 1946, when he moved to the University of Oxford to be a full lecturer; he was promoted to a senior lectureship two years later. He was also a lecturer (1948–60) and senior research fellow (from 1960) at St John's College, Oxford.
He published on seventeenth-century English poetry, and also translated Germany poetry, mostly by Rilke and Hölderlin. He died after falling during a walk in Switzerland in 1963, the same year that he had been elected a fellow of the British Academy.
# Lifespan (album)

Lifespan is the debut album by Canadian jazz pianist Kris Davis, which was recorded in 2003 and released on the Spanish Fresh Sound New Talent label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Tom Hull | B+ |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The All About Jazz review by John Kelman states "Davis has a writing style that has already, at this early stage, developed into a unique sound. Her material would fit comfortably within an ECM context; while there is intensity to be found, the overall approach is more inward-looking."
Reviewing for The Village Voice in September 2004, Tom Hull said of the album, "Piano trio plus three horns do her bidding without clutter or show."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Kris Davis
* "Jo-ann" – 9:16
* "Argyha" – 7:57
* "Travel Far" – 11:00
* "Lifespan" – 4:29
* "Even Eivind" – 10:32
* "Nein" – 1:55
* "Endless" – 8:15
* "The Epic" – 12:18

## Personnel

* Tony Malaby – tenor sax, soprano sax
* Russ Johnson – flugelhorn, trumpet
* Jason Rigby – tenor sax, soprano sax, bass clarinet, clarinet
* Kris Davis – piano
* Eivind Opsvik – bass
* Jeff Davis – drums
# Discrete system

In theoretical computer science, a discrete system is a system with a countable number of states. Discrete systems may be contrasted with continuous systems, which may also be called analog systems. A final discrete system is often modeled with a directed graph and is analyzed for correctness and complexity according to computational theory. Because discrete systems have a countable number of states, they may be described in precise mathematical models.
A computer is a finite-state machine that may be viewed as a discrete system. Because computers are often used to model not only other discrete systems but continuous systems as well, methods have been developed to represent real-world continuous systems as discrete systems. One such method involves sampling a continuous signal at discrete time intervals.
# Benjamin C. Truman

Benjamin Cummings Truman (October 25, 1835 – July 18, 1916), was an American journalist and author; in particular, he was a distinguished war correspondent during the American Civil War, and an authority on duels. Truman could also be described as a polymath, or at least peripatetic. Upon his death, the New York Times (where he had worked in the 1850s) wrote, "He became, in his long career, a school principal, a feature writer, a proofreader, war correspondent, dramatic critic, composer of war songs, a playwright, confidential secretary to Andrew Johnson and an officer on his staff, a major in the army, a special agent of the Treasury Department, a paymaster In the army, a Washington correspondent, special agent for the Postoffice Department in charge of the Pacific Coast, an owner of five newspapers, a volunteer fireman, one of Southern California's publicists, a great traveler, a judge of good wines, an expert in food, a noted story teller, and a man of many friends."

## Biography

He was born in Providence, Rhode Island, and attended public school in Providence, followed by a Shaker school in Canterbury, New Hampshire. After a year administering a district school in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, he returned to Providence and learned typesetting. He was a compositor and a proofreader for The New York Times from 1855 to 1859, and later worked for John W. Forney in Philadelphia at the Press, and in Washington, D.C., for the Sunday Morning Chronicle.
When the Civil War began, he became a war correspondent, then declined a commission in 1862 to become a staff aide to Andrew Johnson, military governor of Tennessee, and Generals James S. Negley, John H. King and Kenner Garrard.
From Duelling in America 1992:
    After the Civil War, Truman had a variety of jobs, serving for a time as a special agent of the Post Office Department on the West Coast, before going back into newspaper work. He shifted into public relations in the 1880s, promoting the state of California both in this country and abroad. After the turn of the century, he toured the Near East as a correspondent.
    Besides his journalistic endeavors, Truman wrote numerous books, including several on California history, and even produced two plays. He is best known, however, for his work as a Civil War correspondent. Through energy, resourcefulness, and not a little luck, he was often able to beat his rivals to press with important stories. During his extensive travels in the South, he sent many insightful letters to the New York Times, documents that are considered some of the most important resources of the Reconstruction Era.
For his book The Field of Honor (1884), Truman collected accounts of significant European and American duels that illustrated the many variations of the code duello, as it was then known. The American portion of the book was reprinted as Duelling in America.
Truman owned five newspapers, including the San Diego Bulletin, where he lived for a time. He died on July 18, 1916, in Los Angeles, California.