OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Victor Naudin

Charles Victor Naudin (14 August 1815 in Autun – 19 March 1899 in Antibes) was a French naturalist and botanist.

## Biography

Naudin studied at Bailleul-sur-Thérain in 1825, at Limoux, and at the University of Montpellier from which he graduated in 1837. The following year he was working as a private tutor; he obtained his doctorate in 1842. He taught until 1846, when he joined the herbarium of the National Museum of Natural History. He collaborated with Augustin Saint-Hilaire on the publication of the Brazilian flora and introduced the first seeds of Jubaea chilensis in France.
In 1853, botanists Planch. & Linden published Naudinia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants from Colombia belonging to the family Rutaceae, and named in Naudin's honour.
He taught at Chaptal College as professor of zoology, but a neurological disease left him deaf. He became an assistant naturalist in 1854 and married in 1860. He entered the Academy of Sciences in 1863 where he succeeded Horace Benedict Alfred Moquin-Tandon.
He moved to Collioure in 1869 and created a private experimental garden there. He also made there the first local complete weather study, which lasted ten years.
In 1878 he was appointed director of the botanical garden of Villa Thuret of Antibes (now an INRA laboratory). He worked closely with Jacques Nicolas Ernest Germain de Saint-Pierre.
He was losing his sight. In spite of this he continued to run experiments on hybridization and the acclimation of plants for the production of new species. He studied heredity, and the flora of Brazil, and in 1860 he described twenty kinds of pumpkins.
Both Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel studied his work, which is considered a precursor of modern genetics.

## Natural selection

In the Revue Horticole (1852), Naudin described the concept of natural selection. J. Arthur Thomson has noted:
    De Quatrefages and De Varigny have maintained that the botanist Naudin stated the theory of evolution by natural selection in 1852. He explains very clearly the process of artificial selection, and says that in the garden we are following Nature's method. "We do not think that Nature has made her species in a different fashion from that in which we proceed ourselves in order to make our variations." But, as Darwin said, "he does not show how selection acts under nature." Similarly it must be noted in regard to several pre-Darwinian pictures of the struggle for existence (such as Herder's, who wrote in 1790 "All is in struggle...each one for himself" and so on), that a recognition of this is only the first step in Darwinism.
# Latiblattella

Latiblattella is a genus of cockroach in the family Ectobiidae.

## Species

These 18 species belong to the genus Latiblattella:
* Latiblattella acolhua (Saussure, 1868)
* Latiblattella angustifrons Hebard, 1920
* Latiblattella azteca (Saussure & Zehntner, 1893)
* Latiblattella bradleyi Hebard, 1933
* Latiblattella chichimeca (Saussure & Zehntner, 1893)
* Latiblattella dilatata (Saussure, 1868)
* Latiblattella inornata Hebard, 1920
* Latiblattella kaupiana (Saussure, 1873)
* Latiblattella lucifrons Hebard, 1917 (pale headed cockroach)
* Latiblattella mexicana (Saussure, 1864)
* Latiblattella nitida (Saussure & Zehntner, 1893)
* Latiblattella pavida (Rehn, 1903)
* Latiblattella picturata Hebard, 1921
* Latiblattella rehni Hebard, 1917 (Rehn's cockroach)
* Latiblattella spectativa (Rehn, 1903)
* Latiblattella tarasca (Saussure, 1862)
* Latiblattella vitrea (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865)
* Latiblattella zapoteca (Saussure, 1862)
# Lytton Mausoleum

The Lytton Mausoleum is a family mausoleum in Knebworth Park, Hertfordshire, England.

## Description

The mausoleum was commissioned by Elizabeth Bulwer-Lytton (née Warburton-Lytton) and built in 1817 in memory of her parents Richard Warburton-Lytton (1745–1810) and Elizabeth (née Jodrell) of Knebworth House. It is set in parkland at a distance from the Church of St Mary and St Thomas, a Grade I listed building.
Until the construction of the mausoleum, the Lytton family of Knebworth House used the Lytton Chapel, attached to the north side of St Mary's church, for interments. This chapel was rebuilt around 1710 to house three exceptionally fine monuments dedicated to members of the family.

## Burials

Inside the mausoleum are a number of coffins, including that of Elizabeth Bulwer-Lytton (1770–1843). A casket holds the ashes of Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton (1869–1923). She joined the suffragette movement, and, as her epitaph states “sacrificed her health and talents in helping to bring victory to this cause”.

## Architecture and conservation

The architect of the octagonal, stone building was John Buonarotti Papworth. His design is neoclassical. The roof supports a sarcophagus with shell acroteria.
The building and the railings which enclose it were Grade II listed in 1968.
# MSC Carouge

MSC Carouge is a container ship built in 2007 by the Daewoo Mangalia Heavy Industries in Mangalia, Romania and currently operated by Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. She is the third ship delivered to the Swiss company in a series of 12 ordered. The 54,549 DWT ship has a container capacity of 4,860 TEU's.
# Hexamethonium

Hexamethonium is a non-depolarising ganglionic blocker, a neuronal nicotinic (nAChR) receptor antagonist that acts in autonomic ganglia by binding mostly in or on the nAChR receptor, and not the acetylcholine binding site itself. It does not have any effect on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) located on target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system, nor on the nicotinic receptors at the skeletal neuromuscular junction, but acts as antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia (nAChR).

## Pharmacology

By blocking the neuronal nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, which are necessary for transmission in all autonomic ganglia, both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are inhibited. Its action on the neuronal nicotinic receptors is primarily through the block of the ion pore, rather than through competition with the binding site for acetylcholine.
Postganglionic sympathetic systems are usually regulated by norepinephrine (noradrenaline) (adrenergic receptors), whereas parasympathetic systems are acetylcholine-based, and instead rely on muscarinic receptors (some post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons, such as those stimulating sweat glands, release acetylcholine).
The organ system and adverse effects of ganglion blockers are due to the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimuli blockage at preganglionic sites. Side-effects include combined sympatholytic (e.g., orthostatic hypotension and sexual dysfunction) and parasympatholytic (e.g., constipation, urinary retention, glaucoma, blurry vision, decreased lacrimal gland secretion, dry mouth (xerostomia)) effects.

## Uses

It was formerly used to treat disorders, such as chronic hypertension, of the peripheral nervous system, which is innervated only by the sympathetic nervous system. The non-specificity of this treatment led to discontinuing its use.
The use of inhaled hexamethonium, an unapproved drug, in a normal volunteer during a medical study is believed to have caused or contributed to her death in light of the presence of abnormal "ground glass opacities" on her chest X-ray.
# Suarbol

Suarbol is a village belonging to the shire of Los Ancares situated in the region of El Bierzo within the province of León (Castile & León, Spain). Both Suarbol and its neighbouring town Balouta are the last villages of the province of León before crossing towards the province of Lugo (Galicia, Spain)
At present, Suarbol has seven inhabitants, reaching 34 in summer vacations. The locals live mainly by having farms. The inhabitants of Suarbol for the most part migrated to Barcelona in the 1950s and the 1960s, and still keep their houses in this village nowadays. The one that migrated, usually make their way back to Suarbol in holidays, generally in order to spend their summer holidays here.
The first name of Suarbol was Ambasaguas (that means surrounded by water, since the village is surrounded by two rivers: one at the entrance of the village and the other at the exit.

## Heritage

The main element defining Suarbol is its traditional architecture buildings: horreos (a sort of granary typical in Northern Spain) and pallozas (a sort of oval-shaped house typical in Northern Spain). Suarbol was famous for owning the biggest palloza in the shire of Los Ancares, but unfortunately it was burned in 1957; the site, where it stood, already remains. However some other pallozas in good state of preservation stand and can be visited in the village. There are also some horreos in square-shaped floor and in slate roofs (similar to the Asturian horreo) in Suarbol. In the past, most building roofs were made of straw and were known as teitos, nonetheless most building roofs today are made of slate just like most of the towns and villages of the region of El Bierzo.
The most outstanding monument is the Parish Church of Suarbol. It is a Baroque style building and was declared Good of Cultural Interest in 1995 by the Spanish government. The graveyard of the town is inside the church yard, a characteristic uncommon in Spain.
Suarbol also owns other monuments like the Roman Causeway of Suarbol, a path linking the gold mines of Ibias in Asturias to other gold mines in the region of El Bierzo in the Roman times. In Suarbol, some stone carvings dating back to the Castro culture can be found in the village and their meaning is unknown.

## Feasts

The fest of Suarbol it on August 17, in honour to Virgin Mary.
# NCTC

NCTC can refer to:
* National Content & Technology Cooperative
* National Collection of Type Cultures
* National Counter Terrorism Centre, India
* National Counterterrorism Center, United States
* National Conservation Training Center
* Naval Construction Training Center in Gulfport, Mississippi
* New Conservatory Theatre Center in San Francisco, California
* NewVa Corridor Technology Council in Southwestern Virginia
* North County Transit District's COASTER, reporting mark NCTC
* North Central Texas College
* Northeast Counterdrug Training Center in Pennsylvania
* Northland Community & Technical College
# Grutte Mûne, Broeksterwâld

The Grutte Mûne (English: Great Mill, Dutch: De Grote Molen) is a smock mill in Broeksterwâld, Friesland, Netherlands which has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 11679.

## History

In 1880 a windmill was built on this site by millwright Oege Plantinga of Wânswert. This mill was burnt down in 1887. The Grutte Mûne was built to replace it by millwright Gerben van Wieren of Jannum. It was originally built with two Archimedes' screws. The mill was at one time equipped with Patent sails. In 1934, one of the Archimedes' screws was transferred to the Lytse Mûne. The spurwheel needed to drive the second screw was removed around 1986 and later reused in gristmill De Vlijt. A centrifugal pump was installed in 1943 and the mill ceased to work. The mill was restored in 1959 and again in 1975, at which time the patent system sails were replaced by commons sails. In 1977 it was sold to Stichting De Fryske Mole (English: Frisian Mills Foundation). A further restoration was undertaken in 1994. In 2010 and 2011 major restoration work was done. Amongst others it was decided to repair the riveted stocks dating from 1902 instead of replacing them with new welded steel stocks and to refit the patent system which had been removed in 1975.

## Description

The Grutte Mûne is what the Dutch describe as an "achtkante grondzeiler". It is a smock mill winded by a winch. There is no stage, the sails reaching almost to the ground. The mill has a single-storey brick base and a two-storey smock. The smock and cap are thatched. The four Patent sails have a span of 22.54 metres (73 ft 11 in) and are carried in a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by Prins van Oranje, The Hague in 1879. The windshaft also carries the clasp arm brake wheel, which has 66 cogs. This drives the wallower (35 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel (48 cogs) drives the wooden Archimedes' screw via a gear wheel with 42 cogs. The Archimedes' screw has an axle diameter of 438 millimetres (1 ft 5 in) and is 1.50 metres (4 ft 11 in) diameter overall. It is inclined at an angle of 15°. Each revolution of the screw lifts 543 litres (119 imp gal) of water.
# The World Until Yesterday

The World Until Yesterday: What Can We Learn from Traditional Societies? is a 2012 popular science book by Jared Diamond. It explores what people living in the Western world can learn from traditional societies, including differing approaches to conflict resolution, treatment of the elderly, childcare, the benefits of multilingualism and a lower salt intake.

## Reception

The World Until Yesterday has had a mixed reception. Abby O'Reilly of The Independent called it "essential reading" that "cements [Diamond's] position as the most considered, courageous and sensitive teller of the human story writing today." In The New York Times, David Brooks' review was mostly positive; but he lamented the lack of individual indigenous voices in the book, calling it "curiously impersonal."
Anthropologists' reception of the book was less positive. Ethnobotanist Wade Davis said both the scope of the "lessons" drawn and the range of ethnographic evidence used to support them was limited, characterizing it as "a book of great promise [that] reads as a compendium of the obvious, ethnology by anecdote." Indigenous leaders in West Papua and indigenous rights organization Survival International objected to Diamond's characterization of tribal societies as violent.
# First House

First House may refer to:
* First House (band), a British jazz ensemble
* First House (company), a Norwegian company
* First Houses, a public housing project in Manhattan in New York City
* First house, an angular house in astrology
# Charles Kerr

Charles Kerr may refer to:

## People

* Charles Edward Kerr (1890–1976), American jazz drummer
* Charles Kerr, 2nd Earl of Ancram (1624–1690), styled Lord Kerr or Carr until 1654 when he inherited the earldom
* Charles H. Kerr (1860–1944), founder of Charles H Kerr Company Publishers
* Charles H. M. Kerr (1858–1907), British artist and illustrator
* Charles Kerr, 1st Baron Teviot (1874–1968), British National Liberal Member of Parliament 1932–1940, ennobled 1940
* Charles John Kerr, 2nd Baron Teviot (born 1940), son of 1st Baron Teviot
* Charles Kerr (curler), see Tim Hortons Brier
* Charles Kerr (horseman) in Washington Park Handicap
* Charles Kerr (screenwriter) (1892–1954), American assistant film director and screenwriter
* Charles William Kerr (1875–1951), Moderator of the General Assembly for the Presbyterian Church
* Charles Lester Kerr (1886–1965), British naval officer and submarine commander

## Companies

* Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company, established in 1886, Chicago-based publisher of socialist and anarchist works
# Latiaxis mawae

Latiaxis mawae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
# Hermannsburg School, South Africa

Hermannsburg School, originally Deutsche Schule Hermannsburg, is a private school in Hermannsburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

## History

The Deutsche Schule Hermannsburg was established by German missionaries in 1856, making it the oldest boarding school in the province, then Natal.
In 1965 it had 14 teachers and 307 students.

## Description

Hermannsburg School serves Grade levels RRRR (18 months) through Grade 12 (18 years).
Hermannsburg has English as its main language of instruction, although it has an intense German language programme. Zulu language, as a subject, is also offered in the school, as a second language alongside Afrikaans. Music and outdoor activities are other focus areas, besides the academic programme.
The school offers boarding facilities, and day students from Greytown, 25 kilometres (16 mi) away, and Kranskop, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away may use a bus service provided by the school.

## Campus

There are three boarding facilities in the school and they are available for students in Grades 8–12. The Männerheim serves boys in Grades 8–12. Mädchenheim serves girls in Grades 8 and 9, while Neues Mädchenheim serves girls in Grades 10–12. All the boarding establishments accommodate the scholars in shared rooms of 2 or 3 scholars per room.
The primary school and kindergarten are separate from the High School. Both the junior school and the senior school have their own computer centres and libraries.
The school has extensive sporting facilities, including a swimming pool, tennis/basketball courts, rugby, cricket, hockey and soccer fields as well as volleyball nets.
# MIBC

MIBC may refer to:
* Madeira International Business Center, a set of tax benefits available in Madeira, Portugal.
* Moscow International Business Center, the central business district in Moscow, Russia.
* Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol, a reagent used in froth flotation.
* Muscle invasive bladder cancer
# Telenor Objects

Telenor Objects AS is a Norwegian service provider within machine-to-machine communication, and constitutes one of the two Telenors strategic initiatives to catch the market for M2M, or connected objects. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Telenor ASA, the incumbent telecommunications company in Norway. Telenor's M2M initiative is organized through Telenor Next - with Telenor Objects and Telenor Connexion serving customers in each part of the value chain, low and high in the valiue-chain, respectively. Telenor Objects grew out of Telenor R&I, and is headquartered in Oslo.
Telenor Objects delivers a managed service for connected objects. The aim is to enhance the extent and connectivity of network infrastructures that connect objects, and provide real-time information from such distributed devices, sensors or other assets. The company supports the internet of things concept - services that imply networked interconnection of everyday objects. The applications are especially applied to logistics, transportation (fleet management), fishery, agriculture, and to an increasing degree in healthcare.
Telenor Objects was formed in July 2009, by researchers and developers in Telenor Norway and Telenor R&I. The two entities had individually been working on piloting managed M2M services since 2007, with an RFID focus in Telenor Norway, and a focus on trace-and-track initiatives in Telenor R&I.
Together with Telefonica and Vodafone among European telecom companies, the Objects initiative brings Telenor to the Connected World 100 List 2010.

## Services and initiatives

Telenor Objects aims to provide a layered and horizontal architecture for connecting devices and applications. The company’s platform, dubbed Shepherd, provides a device library as well as a set of enablers to device and application providers. In addition, Shepherd includes a range of operational management services. Telenor Objects adheres to ETSI’s standardization initiative on connected objects.
Telenor Objects is a founding member of coosproject.org, a general-purpose, modular, pluggable and distributable open source middleware platform in Java; designed for connecting service and device objects that communicate via messages and enabling monitoring and management. The initiative is among several, newly established steps by Telenor into the open source and open innovation sphere.
# Sufu Kofun

Sufu Kofun (周布古墳) is a Kofun period keyhole-shaped burial mound, located in the Jiwa neighborhood of the city of Hamada, Shimane in the San'in region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1936. It is the second largest kofun in the Iwami region.

## Overview

The Sufu Kofun is a zenpō-kōen-fun (前方後円墳), which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above. It is located in a hilly area at an elevation of about 40 meters overlooking the Sufu Plain and the Sea of Japan. It used to be called 'Hisagozuka' or 'Onguro'. There was formerly another tumulus called "Menguro Kofun" about 170 meters north of the Sufu Kofun, but it was destroyed due to the development of paddy fields. The Sufu Kofun is about 65 meters long. Its posterior circular portion has a diameter of 42 meters and height of six meters and its anterior rectangular portion has a width of 25 meters and height of five meters. Portions of the antierior portion have been cut away due to the encroachment of residential development despite its protected status; but if intact the total length would have been about 69 meters. Many fist-sized river stones used as fukiishi remain on the slope, and fragments of cylindrical haniwa and Sue ware can also be seen. From these artifacts, is thought that the tumulus was constructed at the end of the middle Kofun period (around the latter half of the 5th century).
The tumulus is located about five minutes on foot from Sufu Station on the JR West San'in Main Line.
# Mərdangöl necropolis

Mərdangöl necropolis— is a historical site located in Kharabagilan, Ordubad of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. The structure of grave monuments in the Mərdangöl necropolis is similar to the findings in the Khalikeshan necropolis located in the Orduban district of the Nakhchivan. During the excavation of the tombs, gray and pink ceramic vessels were found. Painted dishes are in the minority. During the excavations, fragments of iron objects, bronze ornaments and a large number of beads were also found. Among the beads are cylindrical seals made of white stone. Researchers have identified the Mardangol necropolis in BC. It belongs to IX-VIII centuries. Archaeological research conducted here is important in terms of studying the history of the Middle Ages in the South Caucasus.
# Grutas de Bustamante

Grutas de Bustamante (Bustamante Caves), also known as Palmito Caves, are a group of natural caves located in the municipality of Bustamante, Nuevo Leon. The caves are located in an entrance of the mountains known as Sierra de Gomas, the Bustamante caves are located 107 kilometers northwest outside Monterrey and 7 kilometers southwest Bustamante municipal seat.

## History

The geologic formation that the caves formed in is thought to have formed between 50 and 60 million years ago. During the prehistoric era, the caves were submerged in sea water that is the reason marine fossils like sea shells and snail shells can be seen on the cave walls. Bustamante caves like the García caves which were discovered a few years earlier, remained hidden for thousands of years until 1906. The discovery of the Bustamante caves was in 1906 when a local peasant was looking for palmito plant in the Gomas mountains, when he realized there was a small hole in the top of the mountain, so he decided to dig until he could go into a cave and to his surprise he found a wide variety of stalactites and stalagmites inside.
# Identification Parade

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Exclaim! | (favorable) |
Identification Parade is the first studio album by indietronica band The Octopus Project. It was released April 16, 2002 on Peek-A-Boo Records.

## Track listing

* "What They Found" – 3:04
* "Rorol" – 4:55
* "The Way Things Go" – 7:02
* "Righteous Ape and Bird" – 4:56
* "Marshall Examines His Carcass" – 3:03
* "Its Caption Was a Star" – 4:13
* "Crying at the Aquarium" – 5:55
* "Porno Disaster" – 2:29
* "Hypnopaedia" – 8:18

### Notes

* "Its Caption Was a Star", "Righteous Ape & Bird" and "Hypnopaedia" were originally on the Christmas on Mars - EP
* "What They Found" has a music video.