OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Miguel A. Catalán

Miguel Antonio Catalán y Sañudo (1894–1957) was a Spanish spectroscopist.

## Biography

Miguel Antonio Catalán y Sañudo was born in Zaragoza, he obtained his degree in chemistry from the University of Zaragoza and received his doctorate in Madrid in 1917 for his thesis about spectrochemistry. In 1920, he began work as a researcher at Imperial College London. Examining the spectrum of the arc of manganese, he determined that the optical spectra of complex atoms consisted of groups of lines –which he called "multipletes"- between which existed certain characteristic regularities. Catalán demonstrated that study of the multipletes led to further understanding of the states of energy of atomic electrons.
On the invitation of Arnold Sommerfeld, he worked at the University of Munich, and on the creation by the Rockefeller Foundation of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry (Madrid), in 1930 he was named head of the Spectroscopy Section. He was invited numerous times to work in the laboratories of the National Bureau of Standards (Washington, D.C.), Princeton University, and MIT.
He published more than 70 scientific articles in specialized journals. In 1926, he received a prize from the Real Academia de Ciencias (Spain) and in 1930, the international Pelfort prize.
He married Jimena Menéndez-Pidal, the daughter of Royal Spanish Academy director Ramón Menéndez Pidal and María Goyri. Because of the military coup by General Francisco Franco in July 1936, he and his father in law were the subject of numerous misdemeanours.
From 1950 onwards, he served as director of the Departamento de Espectros del Instituto de Óptica de Madrid (C.S.I.C.). In 1952, he served as advisor to the Joint Commission for Spectroscopy, the head body for this field. In 1954, he became a member of the Real Academia de Ciencias (Madrid).
Catalán died in Madrid.
The lunar crater Catalán is named after him.
Based on certain conjectures of Miguel Catalan about rotational dynamics, his disciple and biographer Gabriel Barceló, years later, developed the Theory of Dynamic Interactions.
The Government of the Comunidad de Madrid (Autonomous Region of Madrid) awards the Miguel Catalán Investigation Award in Science since 2005, to honor Catalán's memory. The award recognizes outstanding life accomplishments in research and science. The award winners each receive a medal, a citation and 42,000 Euros. Winners of this award are: José Elguero Bertolini (2005, chemist), Antonio Hernando Grande (2006, physicist), Amable Liñán Martínez (2007, aeronautical engineer), José Luis García Fierro (2008, chemist) and Miguel Francisco Sánchez Madrid (2009, biologist). Since 2008, a Miguel Catalán Investigation Award in Science for researchers under forty years is also given. The awards winners also receive a medal, a citation and 21,000 Euros. 50,000 Euros are also given to their institutions to fund their future work. Winners are: Oscar Fernández Carpetillo (2008, oncologist) and Luis Raúl Sánchez Fernández (2009, physicist).
# HMS Dunedin

HMS Dunedin was a Danae-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy, pennant number D93. She was launched from the yards of Armstrong Whitworth, Newcastle-on-Tyne on 19 November 1918 and commissioned on 13 September 1919. She has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Dunedin (named after the capital of Scotland, generally Anglicised as Edinburgh).

## Service history

In October 1920 she, with the other three British vessels, was sent to assure protection of the unloading of munitions intended for Poland, at Danzig.
In 1931 she provided assistance to the town of Napier, New Zealand, after the strong Hawkes Bay earthquake, in a task force with the sloop Veronica and the cruiser Diomede.

### Second World War

Early in the Second World War, Dunedin was involved in the hunt for the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau after the sinking of the armed merchant cruiser Rawalpindi.
In early 1940 Dunedin was operating in the Caribbean Sea, and there she intercepted the German merchant ship Heidelberg west of the Windward Passage. Heidelberg's crew scuttled the ship before Dunedin could take her. A few days later, Dunedin, in company with the Canadian destroyer Assiniboine, intercepted and captured the German merchant ship Hannover near Jamaica. Hannover later became the first British escort carrier, Audacity. Between July and November, Dunedin, together with the cruiser Trinidad, maintained a blockade off Martinique, in part to bottle up three French warships, including the aircraft carrier Béarn.
On 15 June 1941, Dunedin captured the German tanker Lothringen and gathered some highly classified Enigma cipher machines that she carried. The Royal Navy reused Lothringen as the fleet oiler Empire Salvage. Dunedin went on to capture three Vichy French vessels, Ville de Rouen off Natal, the merchant ship Ville de Tamatave east of the Saint Paul's Rocks, and finally, D'Entrecasteaux.
Dunedin was part of the escort of Convoy WS 5A when it was attacked by the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper.on 25 December 1940. The attack was repulsed by other ships of the escort, without losses to the convoy.
Dunedin was still steaming in the Central Atlantic Ocean, just east of the St. Paul's Rocks, north east of Recife, Brazil, when on 24 November 1941, at 1526 hours, two torpedoes from the German submarine U-124 sank her. Only four officers and 63 men survived out of Dunedin's crew of 486 officers and men.

## Citations

* ↑ Colledge, J J (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton: Ian Allan. p. 50.
* ↑ Dodson, Aidan (2024). "The Development of the British Royal Navy's Pennant Numbers Between 1919 and 1940". Warship International. 61 (2): 134–66.
* ↑ Rohwer 2005, p. 53.
# Bateson

Bateson is an English language patronymic surname meaning "son of Batte", a medieval diminutive of Bartholomew. It is rare as a given name. People with the surname Bateson include:
* Bob Bateson (born 1961), American football player
* Edith Bateson (1867–1938), English artist
* Frank Bateson (1909–2007), New Zealand astronomer
* Frederick Wilse Bateson (1901–1978), English literary scholar
* Gregory Bateson (1904–1980), British anthropologist (son of William Bateson)
* Jack Bateson (born 1994), British boxer
* Mary Catherine Bateson (1939–2021), U.S. writer and anthropologist (daughter of Gregory Bateson)
* Patrick Bateson (1938–2017), British biologist and science writer
* Paul Bateson (born 1940), American radiological technician who appeared in The Exorcist and was later convicted of a murder
* Thomas Bateson (c.1570–1630), English madrigal composer
* Thomas Bateson, 1st Baron Deramore (1819–1890), British Conservative politician
* Timothy Bateson (1926–2009), British actor
* William Bateson (1861–1926), British geneticist who coined the term "genetics"
* William Henry Bateson (1812–1881), British academic
# Frollo

Frollo, as a surname, may refer to the following:
* Claude Frollo, the Archdeacon of Notre Dame Cathedral in Victor Hugo's 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
** Jehan Frollo, Claude Frollo's brother
* Leone Frollo, an Italian comic book and erotic artist
# Wark in Tyndale Castle

Wark in Tyndale Castle was a medieval building in the English county of Northumberland (grid referenceNY861768). It was first mentioned in 1399–1400, but a motte and bailey castle occupied the site since the 12thcentury.
# List of Constitutional Court opinions of Arthur Chaskalson

Arthur Chaskalson served in the Constitutional Court of South Africa from its inception in 1995 until his retirement in 2005.

## Majority opinions

| No. | Case name | Citation | Notes |
| 2 | Executive Council of the Western Cape Legislature v President | [1995] ZACC 8 | |
| 3 | Zantsi v Council of State, Ciskei | [1995] ZACC 9 | Co-written with John Trengove. |
| 4 | In re: National Education Policy Bill No 83 of 1995 | [1996] ZACC 3 | |
| 5 | Brink v Kitshoff | [1996] ZACC 9 | |
| 6 | In re: KwaZulu-Natal Amakhosi and Iziphakanyiswa Amendment Bill of 1995 | [1996] ZACC 15 | |
| 7 | Transvaal Agricultural Union v Minister of Land Affairs | [1996] ZACC 22 | |
| 8 | Minister of Justice v Ntuli | [1997] ZACC 7 | |
| 9 | S v Pennington | [1997] ZACC 10 | |
| 10 | S v Lawrence; S v Negal; S v Solberg | [1997] ZACC 11 | |
| 11 | Soobramoney v Minister of Health, KwaZulu-Natal | [1997] ZACC 17 | |
| 12 | Bruce and Another v Fleecytex Johannesburg | [1998] ZACC 3 | |
| 13 | Amod v Multilateral Motor Vehicle Accidents Fund | [1998] ZACC 11 | |
| 14 | Fraser v Naude | [1998] ZACC 13 | |
| 15 | Fedsure Life Assurance v Greater Johannesburg Transitional Metropolitan Council | [1998] ZACC 17 | Co-written with Goldstone and O'Regan. |
| 16 | Premier of the Western Cape v President | [1999] ZACC 2 | |
| 17 | President v South African Rugby Football Union | [1998] ZACC 21 | |
| 18 | S v Manyonyo | [1999] ZACC 14 | |
| 19 | Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association in re: Ex Parte President | [2000] ZACC 1 | |
| 20 | Dormehl v Minister of Justice | [2000] ZACC 4 | |
| 21 | South African Association of Personal Injury Lawyers v Heath | [2000] ZACC 22 | |
| 22 | Mkangeli v Joubert | [2001] ZACC 15 | |
| 23 | Minister of Public Works v Kyalami Ridge Environmental Association | [2001] ZACC 19 | |
| 24 | Prince v President of the Law Society of the Cape of Good Hope | [2002] ZACC 1 | Co-written with Ackermann and Kriegler. |
| 25 | Bel Porto School Governing Body v Premier of the Western Cape | [2002] ZACC 2 | |
| 26 | S v Van Rooyen | [2002] ZACC 8 | |
| 27 | African National Congress v United Democratic Movement | [2002] ZACC 24 | |
| 28 | Minister of Home Affairs v Eisenberg & Associates | [2003] ZACC 10 | |
| 29 | Minister of Home Affairs v NICRO | [2004] ZACC 10 | |
| 30 | Kaunda v President | [2004] ZACC 5 | |
# Shqipran Skeraj

Shqipran Skeraj (Serbo-Croat: Šćipran Skeraj; born 24 November 1985) is a Kosovar former professional footballer who played as a left-back. He made one appearance for the Kosovo national team.

## Personal life

Skeraj was born in Prizren, SFR Yugoslavia and raised in Berlin. His younger brother Agron Skeraj is also a professional footballer. He played on trial with Swedish side Djurgården for three months in 2011.
# Graham High School

Graham High School may refer to:
* Graham High School (North Carolina), Graham, North Carolina
* Graham High School (St. Paris, Ohio), a public high school in St. Paris, Ohio
* Graham High School (Texas), a public high school in Graham, Texas
* Graham High School (Bluefield, Virginia), a public high school in Bluefield, Virginia
# Steve Leslie

Steve Leslie may refer to:
* Steve Leslie (footballer, born 1952), English footballer (Colchester United)
* Steve Leslie (footballer, born 1976), Scottish footballer (Stoke City, Queen of the South)
* Steve Leslie (footballer, born 1987), Scottish footballer (Shrewsbury Town)
# Bear in Mind

Bear in Mind is the first album by Toby Leung, and was released in June 2005. It contains 9 tracks and 2 Music Videos.
The tracks on the album are:
Audio Tracks
* 我們仨 (Us Three)
* 你是最重要 (You are the most Important)
* 兌換晴天 (Exchanging Fine Skies)
* 望星打掛 (Looking at Stars)
* 熊之戀人 (Bear's Lover)
* 後宮佳麗 (Palace Wives)
* 我們仨Remix (Us Three Remix)
MV
* 我們仨 (Us Three MV)
* 你是最重要 (You are the most Important MV)
# French ship Hercule (1778)

Hercule was a Scipion-class 74-gun French ship of the line built at Rochefort.
In 1781, under Captain Turpin du Breuil, Hercule was in the Blue squadron of the fleet under De Grasse. She took part in the Battle of the Chesapeake on 5 September 1781, and in the subsequent Siege of Yorktown.
Under Captain Jean Isaac Chadeau de la Clocheterie in the Battle of the Saintes.
Hercule was razéed in 1794. In May 1795, she was renamed to Hydre.
She was eventually broken up in 1799.

## Citations

* ↑ Lacour-Gayet (1910), p. 649.
* ↑ Troude (1867), p. 100.
* ↑ Troude (1867), p. 107.
# Edward Evans

Edward Evans or Ted Evans may refer to:
* Edward Evans (divine) (1573–?), English divine
* Edward Evans (poet) (1716–1798), Welsh poet
* Edward Evans (printseller) (1789–1835), printseller and compositor in London
* Edward Payson Evans (1831–1917), American scholar and linguist
* Edward B. Evans (1846–1922), British philatelist and army officer
* Ted Evans (footballer) (1868–1942), English footballer
* Edward J. Evans (1871–1928), American labor unionist
* Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans (1880–1957), British naval officer and Antarctic explorer
* Edward Evans (politician) (1883–1960), British Labour Party politician
* Edward Lewis Evans (bishop) (1904–1996), Bishop of Barbados
* Edward Gurney Evans (1907–1987), politician in Manitoba, Canada
* Edward Evans (actor) (1914–2001), British actor
* Ted Evans (politician) (1939–1981), Australian politician
* Ted Evans (public servant) (1941–2020), Australian public servant and businessman
* Edward P. Evans (1942–2010), American heir, businessman, investor, horse breeder and philanthropist
* Edward Evans (c. 1948–1965), victim of the Moors murders in England
* Edward De Lacy Evans (1830?–1901), servant, blacksmith and gold miner, revealed as assigned female at birth
# Thomas Slade (disambiguation)

Thomas Slade (1703/4–1771) was a naval architect.
Thomas or Tom Slade may also refer to:
* Thomas Slade (MP) for Huntingdon (UK Parliament constituency) in 1572
* Tom Slade (1952–2006), American football player
* Tom Slade Jr. (1936–2014), American politician
# Warns, Netherlands

Warns (Dutch pronunciation:; West Frisian:) is a village in the northern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland. It had a population of around 720 in January 2017.
Warns is best known for the Battle of Warns. In 1345, count William IV of Holland tried to invade Friesland. A battle took place at the Roode Klif (Red Cliff), a nine metre high clay ridge, on the former Zuiderzee (nowadays: IJsselmeer) where the invasion was stopped. Almost the entire army of Holland including count William were killed during the battle.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1245 as Warlesle, and probably means "settlement of the people of Wardilo (person)". Warns is a stretched out village which developed on the higher clay ridge of Gaasterland in the middle ages. It is located near the former Zuiderzee (nowadays: IJsselmeer). Warns has two village centres: Warnser Noordburen and Warnser Zuidburen.
Warns used to be both an agricultural community as well as a fishing village and has a rather large harbour for its size, and several commander's house.
On 26 September 1345, the Battle of Warns took place between Holland and Friesland. Count William IV of Holland had planned to attack Stavoren from the back, however its army was destroyed at the Roode Klif (Red Cliff). Since 1500, there is an annual remembrance of the battle at Warns on 26 September. The Sytzama Stins was an estate near Warns were a battle took place between the Vetkopers and Schieringers in the late 15th century.
The tower of the Dutch Reformed church dates from the 12th century and received its current spire in 1729. The current church was constructed in 1682. The Reformed Church was built in 1892. In 1999, it was put up for sale. A dozen villagers bought the former church and have transformed it into a multiple purpose cultural centre for the village.
Warns was home to 252 people in 1840. Before 2011, the village was part of the Nijefurd municipality and before 1984 it belonged to Hemelumer Oldeferd municipality.

## Gallery

* Memorial to the battle at Warns
* Village house (De Spylder) in the street
* Reformed church in the street
# List of Consuls-General of Australia in Bali

The Australian Consul-General in Bali represents Australia in the Indonesian provinces of Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, and Nusa Tenggara Timur. The Consulate-General has its offices in Denpasar. Like the Australian consulates-general in Makassar (since 2016) and Surabaya (since 2017), the Consulate-General in Bali reports to the Australian Embassy in Jakarta, which reports to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in Canberra, Australia, a process in line with the majority of Australia's consulates around the world.

## Posting history

The consulate-general was first established as a consulate in 1981 in response to increasing demand for consular services by the number of Australian tourists visiting the island. The consulate was officially opened by the Australian Ambassador to Indonesia, Rawdon Dalrymple, on 30 January 1982, who noted: "The establishment of a permanent Australian Consulate here is clear recognition of the importance of that relationship [with Indonesia] and of the special place Bali occupies in the affections of the Australian people. Australians have been visiting Bali for many years, the majority as tourists. But there are others, artists and musicians for example, who have sought and found inspiration in the vitality and originality of Balinese culture and in the natural beauty of the island." The consulate was upgraded to a consulate-general in 2001, and in 2007 a new consulate-general building designed by James Cubitt Architects was opened in Denpasar.

## Consuls-General

| Name | Start of term | End of term |
| Michael Mann (Consul) | 10 November 1981 | 1983 |
| Ray Gardiner (Consul) | 1984 | 1985 |
| Kevin Thornton (Consul) | 1985 | 1986 |
| K. J. McMahon (Consul) | 1989 | 1991 |
| Stephanie Daly (Consul) | 1992 | February 1995 |
| George Fraser (Consul) | March 1995 | 1999 |
| Ross Tysoe | 1999 | January 2003 |
| Brent Hall | January 2003 | December 2005 |
| Bruce Cowled | December 2005 | February 2009 |
| Lex Bartlem | February 2009 | December 2010 |
| Brett Farmer | December 2010 | February 2014 |
| Majell Hind | February 2014 | December 2015 |
| Helena Studdert | 18 December 2015 | March 2019 |
| Anthea Griffin | March 2019 | September 2023 |
| Jo Stevens | September 2023 | present |
# Siccenna

Siccenna was a Roman Era town and episcopal see in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis in what is today northern Tunisia, which is now a Latin Catholic titular bishopric.

## History

Siccenna was also the seat of an ancient episcopal see, one of many suffragans of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Carthage.
The only known Roman era bishop of this diocese was the African Donatist Ciprian, who participated in the Council of Carthage (411), the city at that time had no Catholic bishops.

## Titular see

In 1933, Siccenna was nominally restored as Latin titular bishopric of diocesan rank.
Incumbents were, nearly consecutively, of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank, with an archiepiscopal exception:
* Fortunato Zoppas (1964.11.25 – death 1969.08.05) as emeritate; previously Bishop of Nocera de’ Pagani (Italy) (1952.04.26 – 1964.11.25)
* Alois Wagner (later Titular Archbishop, see below) (1969.09.01 – 1992.10.01), as Auxiliary Bishop of Diocese of Linz (Austria) (1969.09.01 – 1981.10.12) and Vice-President of Pontifical Council Cor Unum (1981.10.12 – 1999.07.08)
* Titular Archbishop: Alois Wagner (1992.10.01 – 1999.07.08, retired; died 2002.02.26 ), as Vice-President of Pontifical Council Cor Unum (see above – 1999.07.08) and Permanent Observer (multilateral ambassador) to Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (1992 – 1999.07.08)
* Earl Alfred Boyea (2002.07.22 – 2008.02.27), as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Detroit (USA) (2002.07.22 – 2008.02.27); later Bishop of Lansing (USA) (2008.02.27 – ...)
* Taras Senkiv, Order of Minims (O.M.) (2008.05.22 – 2014.04.02), first as Auxiliary Bishop of Eparchy of Stryj of the Ukrainians (Ukraine) (2008.05.22 – 2010.01.20), thereafter on the same see as Apostolic Administrator sede plena of Stryj of the Ukrainians (2010.01.20 – 2011.03.24) and Apostolic Administrator of Stryj of the Ukrainians (2011.03.24 – 2014.04.02), later promoted Bishop of Stryj of the Ukrainians (2014.04.02 – ...)
* Joseph Koerber, Spiritans (C.S.Sp.) (born France) (2014.07.11 – ...), as first (see promoted) Apostolic vicar of Makokou ( Gabon) (2014.07.11 – ...); previously only Apostolic Prefect of Makokou (Gabon) (2003.03.07 – 2014.07.11)
# Glen Aulin

Glen Aulin is a segment of the Tuolumne River valley, upriver from the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne. Glen Aulin is home to the Glen Aulin High Sierra Camp. The name, meaning beautiful valley or glen ("Gleann Alainn" in Gaelic), was suggested by James McCormick of the United States Geographic Board to R.B. Marshall of the USGS.
# Kitchen Party

Kitchen Party can refer to:
* Kitchen Party (film), a 1997 film written and directed by Gary Burns
* Kitchen Party (group), a British girl group
* Freeman Dre and the Kitchen Party, a band from Toronto, Ontario
# Sticklinge

Sticklinge is a small community outside Stockholm, Sweden on the island of Lidingö. The population is about 5,000 people. The locality Sticklinge udde is located in northern Sticklinge.
Södra (South) Sticklinge spans over an area about 250000 square meters.
# French ship Hermione

Twelve ships of the French Navy have borne the name Hermione, in honour of Hermione, daughter of King Menelaus of Sparta and his wife, Helen of Troy.

## Ships

* Hermione (1699), a 30-gun frigate, lead ship of her class
* Hermione (1706), a 34-gun frigate
* Hermione (1750), a 24-gun frigate
* Hermione (1754), a 22-gun frigate
* Hermione (1779), a 32-gun Concorde-class frigate
* Ville de Milan (1803), a frigate that bore the name Hermione during her career
* Hermione (1804), a 40-gun Hortense-class frigate
* Hermione (1811), a 46-gun frigate
* Hermione (1860) (1860), a 28-gun frigate converted to steam on keel
* Hermione (1917), a Bellone-class submarine
* Hermione (Q211) an Aurore-class submarine broken up incomplete on slip in 1940
# Edward Bailey Birge

Edward Bailey Birge (June 12, 1868 in Northampton, Massachusetts–1952) was a founding member of the Music Supervisors National Conference, which later became the Music Educators National Conference (MENC). Birge served as president of the organization from 1910–1911, and also as chairmen of the editorial board for the Music Educators Journal for many years. He originated the "MEJ Clubs" on college campuses that made possible student memberships. Though the clubs, the Journal was used in classes with prospective teachers. This greatly increased the circulation of the magazine. In recognition of his long service to the Journal and to the Conference, the MENC board of directors named him chairman emeritus. Birge is also remembered for writing the first history of American music education. He was a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity for men in music, initiated with Paul J. Weaver and Clarence C. Birchard in April 1924 at the national convention of MENC held in Cincinnati, Ohio.
# Thomas Skynner

Thomas Skynner (born Great Milton 6 June 1728; died Pinhoe 7 August 1789) was the Archdeacon of Totnes from 1772 until 1775.
Skynner was born in Great Milton and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was appointed a prebendary of Exeter Cathedral in 1768; Canon in 1769; and Precentor in 1775. He was Rector of Bratton Clovelly and Vicar of Pinhoe in 1781.