OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fiscal space

Fiscal space is the flexibility of a government in its spending choices, and, more generally, to the financial well-being of a government. Peter Heller (2005) defined it “as room in a government’s budget that allows it to provide resources for a desired purpose without jeopardizing the sustainability of its financial position or the stability of the economy.”
There are different exact definitions for the term, and different metrics on how to measure it. The most influential definitions of the term come from international institutions, e.g., the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, the United Nations agencies, e.g., United Nations Development Program, World Health Organization and UNICEF, and the aid organizations, e.g. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
The crucial point of debate is in how resources that define the 'fiscal space' should be viewed and thus calculated. In particular, unlike the IMF-World Bank, the UN agencies advocates defining it in relation to the extent to which a government can mobilize resources to a means to combat poverty and achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
The term featured during campaigning ahead of the 2016 Irish general election.
Moody's Analytics provides monthly estimates of the fiscal space of many countries. They define it as the difference between an estimated upper limit of public debt (beyond which action would have to be taken to avoid default) and actual public debt, expressed as a percentage of GDP or equivalently as the difference between the debt-limit-to-GDP percentage and the actual-debt-to-GDP percentage.
The World Bank's 2019 World Development Report on the future of work suggests ways governments increase fiscal space in order to prepare for the future of work through investments in human capital and social protection.
# Chaoyang, Cili

Chaoyang Township (simplified Chinese: 朝阳乡; traditional Chinese: 朝陽鄉; pinyin: Chaoyang Xiang) is an rural township in Cili County, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

## Administrative division

The township is divided into 12 villages, the following areas: Yanping Village, Sanrong Village, Hongyuan Village, Chaoyang Village, Siping Village, Shuangya Village, Luogu Village, Miaogang Village, Wanfu Village, Shabaijie Village, Heyan Village, and Jinlong Village (岩坪村、三溶村、洪源村、朝阳村、四坪村、双垭村、锣鼓村、庙岗村、万福村、沙泊街村、合堰村、金龙村).
# Lake Emma Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota

Lake Emma Township is a township in Hubbard County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 900 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93 km$^2$), of which 27.3 square miles (71 km$^2$) is land and 8.8 square miles (23 km$^2$) (24.31%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 900 people, 379 households, and 300 families residing in the township. The population density was 32.9 inhabitants per square mile (12.7/km$^2$). There were 973 housing units at an average density of 35.6 per square mile (13.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.11% White, 0.22% Native American, 0.11% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population.
There were 379 households, out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.8% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.6% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.66.
In the township the population was spread out, with 19.8% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 34.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $45,563, and the median income for a family was $49,375. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the township was $25,380. About 4.3% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.
# Hedysarum sulphurescens

Hedysarum sulphurescens, the yellow sweetvetch or white sweetvetch, is a perennial herb species.
Leucocyanidin reductase (LCR) uses 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin to produce (+)-catechin and is the first enzyme in the proanthocyanidins (PA)-specific pathway. Its activity has been measured in leaves, flowers, and seeds of H. sulfurescens.
# Mussa Chamaune

Mussa Chamaune (born 19 August 1992) is a Mozambican canoeist. He competed in the men's C-1 1000 metres event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## 2016

Together with his colleague, canoeist Joaquim Lobo, he competed at Rio de Janeiro at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Lobo and Chamaune are the inaugural Mozambican canoeists at the modern Olympic Games. He qualified in the round from 29 March to 2 April 2016 in Pretoria, South Africa. Throughout the preparation, the two canoeists received extensive support from the Brazilian Canoe Association, but the cooperation ended due to differences.
Chamaune competed both in the single canoe to over 1000 m and together with Lobo in double canoe over 1000 m. In single canoe, he reached with a time of 5: 00.454 min (7th place) in the semi-finals, then retired with a time of 5: 07.281 from min (8th place). In double canoe with Lobo, he reached the final and finished with a time of 4:38.732 min the 11th place.
# HMS Osprey, Portland

HMS Osprey was an anti-submarine training establishment located at the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It was active between 1924 and 1941, and again from 1946 to 1999. The helicopter station RNAS Portland formed part of the establishment from 1959 to 1999.
In 1948 Osprey took over (from HMS Boscawen) as parent ship of the naval base as a whole, with responsibility for pay, movement, administration and accounting. Subsequently all Portland-based naval personnel were borne on HMS Osprey, up until 1999 when Osprey was decommissioned.

## History

With the development of anti-submarine equipment such as depth charges, howitzers and hydrophones during World War I, HMS Osprey was born from the increasing need for anti-submarine training and research. The establishment at Portland was commissioned as an independent shore command and parent ship of the First Anti-Submarine Flotilla on 1 April 1924. It was responsible for training personnel in the use of anti-submarine equipment and the development of experimental equipment, including ASDIC and later sonar.
HMS Osprey moved ashore in 1927 as a shore-based establishment. Following a major rebuild, King Edward VIII made an official visit to view the establishment in 1936. Due to HM Naval Base Portland being a prime target of the Luftwaffe during World War II, Osprey was transferred to Dunoon in Scotland in 1940, leaving Portland's shore-base to become HMS Attack (a Coastal Forces base).
HMS Osprey returned to Portland in 1946, as did the experimental section (which had been relocated separately to Fairlie for the duration of the war). The latter retained its independence after the war, evolving into HM Underwater Detection Establishment (HMUDE) in 1947. In 1959-60, HMUDE merged with a number of other establishments to become the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment (AUWE). Owing to the highly classified work carried out there during the Cold War, the AUWE became the centre of worldwide attention in 1961 after the discovery of espionage infiltration. This became infamously known as the Portland spy ring, a Soviet spy ring that operated in England from the 1950s till 1961 when the core of the network were arrested by the British security services.
1959 also saw the establishment of RNAS Portland as part of HMS Osprey; it was responsible for developing helicopters in an anti-submarine role, including the training of crews. From 1968, HMS Osprey was one of the designated locations for plan PYTHON, the plan for continuity of government in the event of nuclear war.
The end of the Cold War and subsequent defence budget cuts resulted in the closure of HM Naval Base Portland in 1995, as well as the AUWE research establishments, by then operated by the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA). RNAS Portland's closure followed on 31 March 1999. The former air station site has now been redeveloped as an industrial and recreational site, Osprey Quay, while the HMS Osprey complex at East Weares was demolished in 2004-05 by Portland Port Ltd, the new owners and operators of the harbour.
# IFNAR1

Interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNAR1 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein that forms one of the two chains of a receptor for type I interferons, including interferon-alpha, -beta, and -lambda. Binding and activation of the receptor stimulates Janus protein kinases, which in turn phosphorylate several proteins, including STAT1 and STAT2. The encoded protein also functions as an antiviral factor.

## Interactions

IFNAR1 has been shown to interact with:
* PRMT1,
* STAT2, and
* Tyrosine kinase 2.
# Flann Ua Aedha

Flann Ua Aedha (died 1110) was Abbot of Aran.

## Biography

Flann Ua Aedha is one of the few named successors to Enda of Aran. He died during the fourth year of the reign of King Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair of Connacht, and was succeeded by Maelcoluim Ua Cormacain.
Since the 18th and 19th century, the surname has been rendered as Ó hAodha, O'Hughes or Hughes, but is not to be confused with a similar Galway surname, Mac Aedha/MacHugh.
# Kamendin railway station

The Kamendin railway station is a railway stop that serves the Zemun Polje and Kamendin neighborhoods of Zemun, Serbia. It is located on railway line 101/105, between Zemun Polje and Batajnica railway stations, at the location of a former level crossing.
Along with the nearby Altina train stop, the Kamendin stop was constructed as part of the Belgrade–Novi Sad railway reconstruction of 2019–2022. It is served by BG Voz urban rail trains.

## Layout

The stop has two side platforms, each 110 meters long, serving two tracks. The platforms are connected by an underground passageway.

## Services and access

The stop is equipped with elevators, and features an automated public address system. Bicycle parking is marked by the hand railings.
Nearby are bus stops served by city bus lines 704, 707 and 709.

## Gallery

* View from platform II, looking toward Batajnica station
* Regio service to Novi Sad passing through on track 1
# Henry Strachey

Henry Strachey may refer to:
* Henry Strachey (artist) (1863–1940), English painter and art critic
* Henry Strachey (explorer) (1816–1912), British explorer and army officer
* Sir Henry Strachey, 1st Baronet (1736–1810), British politician
* Sir Henry Strachey, 2nd Baronet (1772–1858), son of the above, of Sutton Court
# Elizabeth Regosin

Elizabeth Ann Regosin (born 1967) is an American historian who is the Charles A. Dana Professor of History at St. Lawrence University. She researches African-American history with a focus on emancipation and the Reconstruction era. Regosin has written two books on the topic, Freedom's Promise (2002) and Voices of Emancipation (2008).

## Early life and education

Regosin was raised in Irvine, California and has 2 sisters. She earned a B.A. in history at University of California, Berkeley in 1989. She worked as a teaching assistant from 1990 to 1991 while completing a M.A. in history at University of California, Irvine in 1992. Regosin earned a Ph.D. in history at Irvine in 1995. Her dissertation was titled Slave Custom and White Law: Ex-Slave Families and the Civil War Pension System, 1865-1900. Regosin's doctoral advisor was Michael P. Johnson.

## Career

Regosin's main research interest is African American history with a focus on African Americans transitioning out of slavery. She has written 2 books about emancipation and the Reconstruction era. Regosin joined the faculty at St. Lawrence University in 1997 and teaches courses in U.S. history, African American history, and the history of women in the U.S. She is the Charles A. Dana Professor of History. Regosin teaches a community-based learning course with students from both St. Lawrence University and Riverview Correctional Facility.

## Selected works

* Regosin, Elizabeth (2002). Freedom's Promise: Ex-Slave Families and Citizenship in the Age of Emancipation. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-2095-5.
* Regosin, Elizabeth A.; Shaffer, Donald R. (2008). Voices of Emancipation: Understanding Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction through the U.S. Pension Bureau Files. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-7626-1.
# Structured encryption

Structured encryption (STE) is a form of encryption that encrypts a data structure so that it can be privately queried. Structured encryption can be used as a building block to design end-to-end encrypted databases, efficient searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) and other algorithms that can be efficiently executed on encrypted data.

## Description

A structured encryption scheme is a symmetric-key encryption scheme that encrypts a data structure in such a way that, given the key $K$ and a query $q$, one can generate a query token $qtk$ with which the encrypted data structure can be queried. If the STE scheme is dynamic then it also supports update operations like inserts and deletes. There are several forms of STE including response-revealing STE where the response to the query is output in plaintext and response-hiding where the response to the query is output in encrypted form. STE schemes guarantee that no information about the data or queries can be recovered from the encrypted data structure and tokens beyond a well-specified and "reasonable" leakage profile.
STE schemes with a variety of leakage profiles have been designed for a wide array of abstract data types and data structures including arrays, multi-maps, dictionaries and graphs.
STE is closely related to but different than searchable symmetric encryption. The purpose of SSE is to encrypt document collections in such a way that keyword search can still be executed on the encrypted documents whereas the purpose of STE is to encrypt data structures in such a way that queries can still be executed over the encrypted structure. Certain types of STE schemes like multi-map encryption schemes can be used to design sub-linear and optimal SSE schemes.
# Mussa Fazil Harerimana

Sheikh Mussa Fazil Harerimana is a Rwandan politician, currently a member of the Chamber of Deputies in the Parliament of Rwanda.
# Stevens Model 77E

The Stevens Model 77E was a pump-action shotgun offered in 12 gauge, 16 gauge, 20 gauge, 28 gauge, and .410 bore. The military version 77E was the most widely used shotgun of the Vietnam War. It was a short-barreled pump-action shotgun known variously as the "trench" or "riot" shotgun in 12 gauge. The Military Model 77E had a noticeably shorter stocks than similar United States military shotguns built by Ithaca Gun Company, Remington Arms, and Winchester Repeating Arms Company. These short stocks were intended to accommodate South Vietnamese soldiers, and the Military Model 77E was the first United States combat shotgun equipped with a rubber recoil pad. Military Model 77E shotguns were Parkerized with sling swivels and wooden stocks. Receivers were marked "U.S." and "p" proofmarks appeared on both barrels and receivers.
A few prototypes were fitted with bayonet adapters, but none are known to have been issued. A few Stevens Model 69R shotguns also saw service during the Vietnam War. The Model 77E gave satisfactory service, but proved less durable than the Ithaca Model 37. Breakage at the point of attachment of the buttstock to the receiver was the most common complaint.

## Users

* Cuba
* France
* Hong Kong
* India
* Israel
* Japan
* South Korea
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Qatar
* Rwanda
* Somalia
* South Africa
* Thailand
* United States
* South Vietnam
* North Vietnam
# IFNA17

Interferon alpha-17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA17 gene.
# Filiz Ahmet

Filiz Ahmet (born 15 April 1981) is a Macedonian-Turkish stage and screen actress. She is best known for her roles as Zarife in the Turkish TV series Elveda Rumeli (Farewell Rumelia) and Nigar Kalfa in the TV series Muhteşem Yüzyıl.

## Early life

Filiz Ahmet was born in Skopje, SR Macedonia. She is of Turkish descent. Filiz Ahmet has dual Macedonian and Turkish citizenship. Her mother works as a prompter, while her grandfather, Lüftü Seyfullah, was a Macedonian of Turkish descent, stage actor and co-founder of the Macedonian-Turkish Theatre.
The first play she watched in the theater was The Idiot, based on the novel by the same name written by Fyodor Dostoevsky. She developed a lifelong passion for theater, and was 6 when she first appeared on stage.
Ahmet's childhood coincided with the Yugoslav Wars. Due to the conflict, her family decided to go to Sweden, and later returned to Macedonia when she was 15. Filiz Ahmet graduated from medical school and then the Academy of Fine Arts in Skopje in 2003.
Ahmet can speak Istanbul dialect and Üsküp(Skopje) dialect which risk of getting lost in Turkish. She is multilingual and is able to speak Macedonian, Albanian, Swedish, English, Serbian, and Bulgarian.

## Career

Ahmet began as a stage actress and received several performance awards. She did not plan to act on-screen, and her busy theater schedule allowed little time for anything else. However, her breakthrough performance occurred in 2007 when she appeared in the role of Zarife in the series Elveda Rumeli. To make her character more expressive, Ahmet spoke her role in the Turkish dialect in Macedonia. After this series, she received offers in various television series. Her next project was Balkan Wedding, where she took the role of Galina in 2009.

### Magnificent Century

In 2010, Ahmet received the role of Nigar Kalfa in a primetime historical Turkish television series, Muhteşem Yüzyıl (The Magnificent Century). The show was very successful in the Balkan region and Turkey, and was broadcast in 45 countries. The series had 204 million viewers worldwide.
Her work with Muhteşem Yüzyıl brought her positive responses and acclaim from critics.

## Filmography
### Movies

| Year | Title |
| 2020 | Acı Kiraz |
| 2018 | Bal Kaymak |
| 2018 | Görevimiz Tatil |
| | Sonsuz Aşk |
| 2014 | Kendime İyi Bak |
| 2014 | Kadın İşi Banka Soygunu |
| 2013 | Mutlu Aile Defteri |
| | Aşk Tutulması |
| | Başka Semtin Çocukları |
| | Amor de familia |

### Series

| Year | Title |
| 2023 | Vermem Seni Ellere |
| 2022 | Balkan Ninnisi |
| 2020 | Hekimoğlu |
| 2019 | Vurgun |
| 2016–2017 | Hayat Şarkısı |
| 2014 | Ruhumun Aynası |
| 2011–2013 | Muhteşem Yüzyıl |
| 2009–2010 | Balkan Düğünü |
| 2007–2009 | Elveda Rumeli |
| 2002 | Zavedeni |
# Kamence, Brežice

Kamence (pronounced; in older sources also Kamenica) is a small village in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the eastern slopes of the Gorjanci Mountains, close to the border with Croatia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
The remoteness of the settlement has contributed to the fact that it has preserved its character, with typical mid-19th-century rural architecture including rectangular stone and wooden houses as well as original outbuildings such as barns, granaries, and hayracks. As such, the entire village has been declared a monument of cultural heritage by the Slovenian Ministry of Culture.
# Tarud

Tarud is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adriana Tarud (born 1980), Colombian beauty queen
* Rafael Tarud (1918–2009), Chilean politician
# Lynx Creek (disambiguation)

Lynx Creek, a creek in Arizona that feeds Lynx Lake
Lynx Creek may also refer to:

## Places

* Lynx Creek, British Columbia, a small rural community in Hudson's Hope, British Columbia, Canada

## Creeks
### Canada

* Lynx Creek (Kakwa River), a tributary of the Kakwa River in western Alberta, Canada
* Lynx Creek (Ram River), a tributary of the Ram River in the Alberta Rocky Mountains, Canada
* Lynx Creek (north branch), a creek near Thorington Tower a mountain in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada
* Lynx Creek (west branch), a creek near Mount Nelson a mountain in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada
* Lynx Creek (Peace River), a tributary of the Peace River in northeastern British Columbia, Canada
* Lynx Creek (Ontario), a creek on which the community of Lynx, Ontario is located in northeastern Ontario, Canada

## United States

* Lynx Creek (Hall Creek), a tributary of Hall Creek and the Spokane River in Washington state, U.S.
* Three Lynx Creek, a tributary of the Clackamas River in Oregon
# Sticklerville, Missouri

Sticklerville is an unincorporated community in Sullivan County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The community is on Missouri Route H two miles west of Mystic and Missouri Route 129. Mussel Fork flows past the east side of the community.

## History

Sticklerville was platted in 1865, and named after Henry Stickler, a local merchant. A post office called Sticklerville was established in 1864, and remained in operation until 1907.
# The Side

The Side are a band from Scotland, which was founded in 2005. They consist of Hugh Winton (guitar, vocals), Jon tarmacer Ross (drums), George Campbell (keyboards) and James Richards (bass).
After four EPs the band produced their first full-length album Nowhere Left To Run in 2009. Their song The County's Going To Hampden, which was written for Ross County F.C., was played during the Scottish Cup final 2010 in Hampden Park. The single also achieved a no.23 position in the UK Indie Breakers Chart.
After winning a contest among unsigned bands, The Side was given the chance to play as opener for Bon Jovi in The O2 Arena London in 2010 to an audience of 23,000 people - the largest indoor capacity in Europe. A concert video is available on DVD.
Since then the band has played at numerous festivals in Europe, including as main support for the band Texas in Luxembourg in July 2011 at Rock um Knuedler, Luxembourg's largest music festival with a capacity audience of 15,000. The Side were the second to last band to perform at the festival (with only Texas to follow) and were given significant acclaim for their performance on the main stage.
The Side have also performed at festivals in Moscow, Russia; the Netherlands; and Cannes, France, not to mention a main stage appearance at their local festivals Belladrum and Rockness.

## Discography

* The Side (EP, 2005)
* Sunrise (EP, 2006)
* Forever Changing (EP, 2007)
* Top of the World (EP, 2008)
* Nowhere Left To Run (2009)
* Starting Over (2016)
# Filiz Besim

Filiz Besim is a Turkish Cypriot politician, dentist and writer. She became a member of Council of Ministers as the Minister of Health for Northern Cyprus in 2018.

## Education

Besim completed her secondary studies at the Türk Maarif Koleji. She later graduated from the Ankara University's Faculty of Dentistry in 1987. She received her PhD from the same university in 2000.

## Political career

Besim was asked to be the Minister of Health in 2015 by the leader of Republican Turkish Party at the time and former President Mehmet Ali Talat. However she refused the offer citing internal problems within the party.
She became a candidate of Republican Turkish Party for the 2018 parliamentary election after receiving an invitation from Tufan Erhürman, the leader of the party. She failed to obtain a seat as a Member of Parliament for Morphou. She was appointed to be the Minister of Health and received her new post on 2 February 2018.