OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kleiner Solstein

The Kleiner Solstein is a mountain, 2,637 m (AA) high, in the Nordkette in the Karwendel Alps in the Austrian state of Tyrol. Despite its name ("Small Solstein") it towers above its western neighbour, the Großer Solstein ("Great Solstein") (2,541 m (AA)) by almost 100 m (330 ft) and is thus the highest summit in the Nordkette. The southern side of the Kleiner Solstein facing the Inn valley is characterised by schrofen and steep-sided cirques. To the north it plummets in a rock face up to 600 m (2,000 ft) high towards the valley of Großkristental, which runs from the Gleirsch valley in a southwesterly direction to the Erl Saddle.

## Ascent

The normal route to the Kleiner Solstein runs from the saddle between the Großer and Kleiner Solstein, initially crossing a small ridge of rock (Felsrippe) then over schrofen from the south to the flat summit ridge following a waymarked route to the top. The route to the saddle between the two peaks may be reached either from the Solsteinhaus and the Großer Solstein or on two paths from the south from the Neue Magdeburger Hut.
The crossing from the Hohe Warte to the east from the Gamswart Saddle has a climbing grade of UIAA III- and runs directly along the initially extremely sharp eastern arête. There are several difficult climbing routes up the north face.
* Kleiner (left) + Großer (right) Solstein with the Solsteinhaus from the NW
* Kleiner (left) + Großer (right) Solstein from the N
* View of the Nordkette from the Stempeljochspitze. The Kleiner Solstein can be seen rising prominently

## Literature

* Klier, Walter (1996), Alpenvereinsführer Karwendel alpin (in German) (14 ed.), München: Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, ISBN 3763311211
# Eutetrapha metallescens

Eutetrapha metallescens is a species of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Victor Motschulsky in 1860, originally under the genus Saperda.
# Hattiesburg (disambiguation)

Hattiesburg is a city in Mississippi. "Hattiesburg" may also refer to:
* Hattiesburg metropolitan area
* Hattiesburg–Laurel Regional Airport
* Hattiesburg Bobby L. Chain Municipal Airport
* Hattiesburg Public School District
* Hattiesburg Zoo
* Hattiesburg station
* Hattiesburg American
* Hub City Derby Dames, formerly "Hattiesburg Southern Misfits."
# Hart, South Australia

Hart is a locality in the Mid North region of South Australia. The boundaries were formalised in January 2000 for the long established name for the area. There was a railway siding at Hart on the Gladstone railway line until it closed in 1989. The major industry in the area is cereal crop growing.

## Name

The Hundred of Hart (part of the cadastral system in South Australia) was proclaimed in 1864 and named after Captain John Hart, a member of the colony's parliament and the Treasurer at the time (and later Premier).

## Geography

The Hundred of Hart lies on the plains and western slope of the Yackamoorundie Range (known as the Middle Range at the time the Hundred was proclaimed). The eastern boundary of the Hundred is about 11+1⁄4 miles (18.1 km) along the crest of the range, mostly above 400 metres (1,300 ft) altitude, running roughly north–south. The southern boundary is part of the northern boundary of the Hundred of Blyth. The northern and western boundaries were arbitrary straight lines running true west and true south. The northern boundary is about 8+1⁄2 miles (13.7 km) long. The western boundary is now mostly followed by a road, which includes the main street of Brinkworth and is below 200 metres (660 ft) altitude. The current Bounded Locality of Hart occupies almost the southern half of the Hundred.
There was a Government Town named Anama surveyed in 1865, which was not fully developed, and officially ceased to exist in 1924. It was named for a local property owned by George Charles Hawker, near what is now the boundary of Hart and Rochester, both in the Hundred of Hart. The railway station may have been named for this Government Town on some maps, rather than for the Hundred district it was in.

## School and church

Hart previously had a school which operated from 1895 to 1922. One of the notable former pupils was Sir Lyell McEwin, who had been born in the area. The residents of the district had been petitioning the government to provide a school, however they eventually erected a stone building to serve as a community hall, for uses including a public school and religious worship.
The Annie McEwin Snow Presbyterian Memorial Church opened in 1923. It was named in honour of Alexander Lyell McEwin Snr's daughter who had died after a brief illness, aged only 30. Construction was funded by him and her father-in-law. It stands adjacent to the Hart hall which had also been the school. It closed in 1976 and is now a private residence.

## Hart Field Site

Hart Field Site is a 40-hectare (99-acre) agronomic field trial site where broadacre crops and cropping techniques are tested. The site is owned by the Hart Field-Site Group, established as a committee in 1982. The group bought this permanent site in 2000 with the financial support of Wakefield Regional Council, the group having previously used privately owned land near the current site.
# Hardyville

Hardyville may refer to:
* Hardyville, Arizona, a ghost town in Mohave County, currently within the city limits of Bullhead City
* Hardyville, California, former name of Hardy, California
* Hardyville, Kentucky
* Hardyville, Virginia
# List of 'ndrine

The 'ndrina (plural: 'ndrine) is the basic unit in the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal organization from Calabria.

## Province of Catanzaro
### Badolato

* Gallelli

### Borgia

* Giacobbe

### Curinga

* Fruci

### Guardavalle

* Gallace
* Mandalari

### Isola di Capo Rizzuto

* Costanzo
* Gaglianesi

### Lamezia Terme

* Giampà
* Gualtieri
* Iannazzo
* Torcasio

### Marcedusa

* Trovato

### Soverato

* Sia

## Province of Cosenza
### Amantea

* Gentile

### Cariati

* Critelli

### Cassano allo Ionio

* Faillace
* Forastefano

### Castrovillari

* Abbruzzese

### Cetraro

* Muto

### Corigliano

* Carelli

### Cosenza

* Bruni
* Cicero
* Lanzino
* Perna
* Pino

### Rossano

* Acri

## Province of Crotone
### Cirò

* Farao

### Crotone

* Vrenna

### Cutro

* Dragone
* Grande Aracri

### Isola di Capo Rizzuto

* Arena
* Nicoscia
* Paparo

### Petilia Policastro

* Carvelli
* Ferrazzo

### Rocca di Neto

* Iona

## Province of Reggio Calabria
### Reggio Calabria

* Barreca
* Condello (also in Fiumara and Villa San Giovanni)
* De Stefano-Tegano
* 'Ndrina Di Giovine
* Latella
* Labate
* Libri
* Lo Giudice
* Nasone
* Rosmini
* Serraino (a.k.a. Serraino-DiGiovine)
* Tripodo
* Zindato

### Melito Porto Salvo

* Iamonte

### Sant'Eufemia d'Aspromonte

* Araniti (also in Sanbatello)

### Villa San Giovanni

* Imerti

## Gioia Tauro plain (Province of Reggio Calabria)
### Castellace

* Mammoliti

### Cinquefrondi

* Petullà

### Cittanova

* Albanese (also Laureana di Borrello)
* Facchineri

### Gioia Tauro

* Molè
* Piromalli

### Melicucco

* Guerrisi Mercuri

### Palmi

* Bruzzise
* Gallico
* Parrello

### Polistena

* Longo Versace

### Rizziconi

* Crea
* Franconieri

### Rosarno

* Pesce
* Bellocco

### Seminara

* Gioffrè
* Santaiti

### Sinopoli

* Alvaro
* Violi

### Taurianova

* Avignone
* Maio
* Zagari

## Locride (Province of Reggio Calabria)
### Africo

* Morabito
* Palamara

### Careri

* Cua

### Ciminà

* Varacalli

### Condofuri

* Rodà

### Gioiosa Ionica

* Belfiore
* Ierinò
* Ursino

### Laureana di Borrello

* D'Agostino
* Ferrentino-Chindamo-Lamari

### Locri

* Cataldo
* Cordì

### Marina di Gioiosa Ionica

* Aquino
* Mazzaferro

### Monasterace

* Ruga

### Platì

* Agresta
* Barbaro
* Marando
* Molluso
* Papalia
* Sergi

### San Lorenzo

* Paviglianiti

### San Luca

* Nirta-Strangio
* Pelle-Vottari
* Giorgi
* La Maggiore
* Romeo

### Siderno

* Gallace-Novella
* Commisso
* Costa
* Macrì

## Province of Vibo Valentia
### Briatico

* Accorinti

### Filadelfia

* Anello

### Filandari

* Soriano

### Gerocarne

* Loielo

### Limbadi

* Mancuso

### San Gregorio d'Ippona

* Fiarè

### Sant'Onofrio

* Bonavota

### Serra San Bruno

* Vallelunga

### Tropea

* La Rosa
* Piserà

### Vibo Valentia

* Cracolici
* Lo Bianco
* Tripodi
# Igusa zeta function

In mathematics, an Igusa zeta function is a type of generating function, counting the number of solutions of an equation, modulo p, p$^2$, p$^3$, and so on.

## Definition

For a prime number p let K be a p-adic field, i.e. $[K:\mathbb {Q} _{p}]<\infty$, R the valuation ring and P the maximal ideal. For $z\in K$ we denote by $\operatorname {ord} (z)$ the valuation of z, $\mid z\mid =q^{-\operatorname {ord} (z)}$, and $ac(z)=z\pi ^{-\operatorname {ord} (z)}$ for a uniformizing parameter π of R.
Furthermore let $\phi :K^{n}\to \mathbb {C}$ be a Schwartz–Bruhat function, i.e. a locally constant function with compact support and let $\chi$ be a character of $R^{\times }$.
In this situation one associates to a non-constant polynomial $f(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})\in K[x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}]$ the Igusa zeta function
    $Z_{\phi }(s,\chi )=\int _{K^{n}}\phi (x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})\chi (ac(f(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})))|f(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})|^{s}\,dx$
where $s\in \mathbb {C} ,\operatorname {Re} (s)>0,$ and dx is Haar measure so normalized that $R^{n}$ has measure 1.

## Igusa's theorem

Jun-Ichi Igusa (1974) showed that $Z_{\phi }(s,\chi )$ is a rational function in $t=q^{-s}$. The proof uses Heisuke Hironaka's theorem about the resolution of singularities. Later, an entirely different proof was given by Jan Denef using p-adic cell decomposition. Little is known, however, about explicit formulas. (There are some results about Igusa zeta functions of Fermat varieties.)

## Congruences modulo powers of P

Henceforth we take $\phi$ to be the characteristic function of $R^{n}$ and $\chi$ to be the trivial character. Let $N_{i}$ denote the number of solutions of the congruence
    $f(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})\equiv 0\mod P^{i}$.
Then the Igusa zeta function
    $Z(t)=\int _{R^{n}}|f(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})|^{s}\,dx$
is closely related to the Poincaré series
    $P(t)=\sum _{i=0}^{\infty }q^{-in}N_{i}t^{i}$
by
    $P(t)={\frac {1-tZ(t)}{1-t}}.$
# Thomas Hervey

Thomas Hervey may refer to
* Thomas Hervey (politician) (1699–1775), English writer and member of parliament
* Thomas Hervey (landowner) (1625–1693), landowner and member of parliament
* Thomas Kibble Hervey (1799–1859), Scottish poet
# Gaia 1

Gaia 1 is an open cluster of stars discovered in 2017 by astronomers using data from the Gaia Space Observatory. It is a high-mass and bright cluster, but it remained unseen in prior astronomy due to veiling glare in ordinary telescopes overwhelmed by the star Sirius, which lies 10 arcmins west. Its half-light radius is about 29 light-years (9 pc), assuming a distance of 15,000 light-years (4,600 pc), and it has an estimated mass of about 22,000 M$_☉$.
Researchers detected the Gaia 1 cluster applying automated "star gauging" to the Gaia observatory's data on star locations. This analysis surprisingly indicated a prominent concentration of stars, previously unknown and uncataloged, adjacent to Sirius. Gaia observed a cluster population of approximately 1,200 stars down to Gaia magnitude 19. Analysis of 2MASS data for those stars shows a red giant branch and a pronounced red clump that allows the absolute magnitude of the stars to be deduced and the distance calculated. Fitting the red giant branch also allows the age of the cluster to be calculated at 6.3 billion years.
# Kleiner Semmering Pass

Kleiner Semmering Pass (el. 463 m [1,519 ft]) is a low mountain pass in the Wienerwald in the Bundesland of Lower Austria.
It forms the divide between the watersheds of the Vienna River and the Liesingbach.
# Mapatumumab

Mapatumumab (HGS-ETR1) is an experimental human monoclonal antibody undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. It targets TRAIL-R1, also known as DR4, which is expressed on the surface of many tumor cell types.

## Development history

This drug was discovered by Cambridge Antibody Technology, now AstraZeneca, and Human Genome Sciences, now GlaxoSmithKline, as a result of the collaboration between the two companies in 1999 in exploitation of CAT's phage display technology. Early work by the two companies indicated that mapatumumab induced cell death in multiple tumor types both in vitro and in vivo.

## Clinical trials

A phase 1 clinical trial in 2004 demonstrated the safety and tolerability of mapatumumab in cancer patients with advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and supported further evaluation in phase 2 clinical trials, both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. In a phase 2 clinical trial, mapatumumab was well tolerated and could be administered safely in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and advanced colorectal cancer. Stable disease was observed in a number of NSCLC patients. In two phase 1b clinical trials mapatumumab in combination with chemotherapy was well tolerated by patients with advanced solid tumors. Partial response was observed in a number of patients in each of the studies. The results of a phase 2 clinical trial demonstrated that mapatumumab was well tolerated and capable of producing clinical responses when administered as monotherapy in patients with advanced non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, according to HGS.

### Multiple myeloma

In 2008 HGS reported initial results of a randomised phase 2 trial of mapatumumab in combination with bortezomib in advanced multiple myeloma. However, in 2010, mapatumumab failed in a midstage study. There was no difference in disease response or progression-free survival rates between patients receiving the drug for multiple myeloma and the control group.

### Non-small-cell lung cancer

"In August 2008, ... initial dosing of patients in a randomized Phase 2 trial of HGS-ETR1 (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); initial data from the study are anticipated in 2009."

### Liver cancer

"In July 2008, HGS initiated dosing in ... a randomized Phase 2 trial of HGS-ETR1 in combination with Nexavar (sorafenib) in patients with advanced hepatocellular cancer, which accounts for 80-90% of all liver cancers."
# Tangaxuan II

Tzimtzincha-Tangaxuan II (died February 14, 1530) was the last cazonci (monarch) of the Purépecha Empire, from 1520–1530. He was baptized Francisco when his realm made a peace treaty with Hernán Cortés. He was executed by burning by Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán on February 14, 1530.
After hearing about the fall of the Aztec Empire, Tangáxuan II sent emissaries to the Spanish victors. A few Spaniards returned with them to Tzintzuntzan where they were presented to Tangáxuan and gifts were exchanged. The Spaniards returned with samples of gold and Cortés' interest in the Tarascan state was awakened. In 1522 a Spanish force under the leadership of Cristóbal de Olid was sent into Tarascan territory and arrived at Tzintzuntzan within days. The Tarascan army numbered many thousands, perhaps as many as 100,000, but at the crucial moment they chose not to fight. Tangáxuan submitted to the Spanish administration, but for his cooperation was allowed a large degree of autonomy. This resulted in a strange arrangement where both Cortés and Tangáxuan considered themselves rulers of Michoacán for the following years: the population of the area paid tribute to them both.
Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, then president of the first Audiencia decided, to march on northwestern Mexico with a force of 5,000–8,000 men in search for new populations to subdue, and when he arrived in Michoacán and found out that Tangáxuan was still de facto ruler of his empire he allied himself with a Tarascan noble Don Pedro Panza, known as Cuinierángari, against the Cazonci. The Cazonci was tried for plotting a rebellion, withholding tribute, sodomy and heresy, and he was tortured and executed. His ashes were thrown into the Lerma river. A period of violence and turbulence began. During the next decades, Purépecha puppet rulers were installed by the Spanish government.
According to legends, Tangaxuan II was the father of Princess Eréndira, although there are no contemporary accounts of her existence.
# Helen Cooper

Helen Cooper may refer to:
* Helen Cooper (literary scholar), professor of Medieval and Renaissance English
* Helen Cooper (illustrator) (born 1963), illustrator and author of children's books
* Helen Cooper (politician) (born 1946), former mayor of Kingston, Ontario
* Helen J. Cooper, British chemist
# Paul Edmonds (patient)

Paul Edmonds, is an American recognized as the oldest individual to achieve remission from both HIV and leukemia. He is known as the "City of Hope Patient" from the hospital where he underwent treatment in Duarte, California. Diagnosed with HIV in 1988 at the age of 33, Edmonds spent over three decades living with the virus until 2018, when he faced a new challenge—a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome, evolving into acute myelogenous leukemia. His journey to recovery, culminating in a stem cell transplant in 2019, at age 63, involved a donor with a rare genetic mutation (homozygous CCR5 Delta 32) resistant to most HIV strains. Edmonds ceased his HIV treatment in March 2021, with subsequent tests revealing no evidence of HIV in his body. Edmonds is among the five known individuals cured of HIV through stem cell transplantation for their blood cancer, alongside the Berlin Patient, London Patient, Düsseldorf Patient, and New York Patient.
# Martha McDonald

Martha McDonald (born 1964, Pittsburgh, PA) is an interdisciplinary artist living and working in Philadelphia. Her "performances and installations feature handcrafted costumes and objects that she activates through gestures of making and unmaking and singing to transmit narrative. McDonald's practice often focuses on site-specific 'interventions' in historic house museums, libraries and gardens which investigate the sites and their stories to explore how these public places connect with personal histories and emotional states."

## Notable works

* Hospital Hymns: Elegy for Lost Soldiers
* The Lost Garden
* The Weeping Dress
# USS SC-131

USS SC-131, sometimes styled as either Submarine Chaser No. 131 or S.C.-131, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I. Was the first U.S. Vessel to enter the Austro-German base at Cattaro after the signing of the armistice. On December 22, 1918 the ship left in a convoy from Corfu to Malta.

## Bermuda to New York race

Captained by Lieutenant commander Joseph L. Day won the Bermuda to New York race in 56 hours and 56 minutes beating the former record by 8 hours and 43 minutes. The race was between six submarine Chasers 90, 129, 131, 217, 224, 351. During the race one ship had mechanical difficulties when USS SC 129 broke a crankshaft and with only two engines was disqualified under the race rules.
# Thomas Chaffin

Thomas Chafin, Chaffin or Chaffyn may refer to:
* Thomas Chaffyn I (died 1558), MP for Salisbury 1529
* Thomas Chaffyn II (died 1559), MP for Salisbury 1555 and Heytesbury 1554
* Thomas Chaffin, High Sheriff of Dorset in 1579
* Thomas Chaffin, High Sheriff of Dorset in 1590
* Thomas Chafin (1650–1691), MP for Poole 1679–87, Dorchester 1689 and Hindon 1690–1
* Thomas Chafin (1675–1711), MP for Shaftesbury 1699–1701 and Dorset 1702–11
# Shawn Ellen LaGrua

Shawn Ellen LaGrua (born 1962) is an associate justice of the Georgia Supreme Court.

## Education

LaGrua received a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of Georgia in 1984, and received her Juris Doctor from Georgia State University College of Law in 1987.

## Legal and academic career

After her graduation from law school, from 1987 to 1990 she served as an assistant district attorney for DeKalb County; from 1992 to 1999 she as the Senior Assistant District Attorney for Fulton County, from 1999 to 2001 she served as the Chief Assistant District Attorney for the Tallapoosa Circuit. From 2004 to 2007 she served as a Solicitor General for DeKalb County, Georgia. Prior to her elevation to the bench from 2007 to 2010 she was the Inspector General for the Georgia Secretary of State. She is also an adjunct professor at Georgia State University College of Law.

## Judicial career
### Superior Court of Fulton County

She was appointed as a Judge of the Fulton County Superior Court in 2010.

### Georgia Supreme Court

LaGrua was one of four finalists being considered for the vacancy. On December 1, 2020, Governor Brian Kemp announced his appointment of LaGrua to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia to the seat vacated by Justice Keith R. Blackwell who resigned on November 18, 2020. She was sworn into office on January 7, 2021.
# Columbus Country Club Mound

The Columbus Country Club Mound is a Native American burial mound at the Columbus Country Club in Columbus, Ohio. The mound was created around 2,000 years ago by the Pre-Columbian Native American Adena culture. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
Resources about the site, including its National Register of Historic Places nomination, are restricted under the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979.
# Mapaville, Missouri

Mapaville is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately halfway between Festus and Hillsboro, at the intersection of routes A and Z.
# Hasseltiopsis

Hasseltiopsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It consists of one species of trees: Hasseltiopsis dioica, which is native to Central America. Formerly placed in the heterogeneous family Flacourtiaceae, Hasseltiopsis is now classified in Salicaceae, along with close relatives Prockia, Pineda, Neosprucea, and Banara.
# Tangatur

Tangutur is a village near Proddatur and Ongole in India.
# Kudzai

Kudzai is a given name. Notable persons with this name include:
* Kudzai Maunze (born 1991), Zimbabwean cricketer
* Kudzai Sauramba (born 1992), Zimbabwean cricketer
* Kudzai Taibu (born 1984), Zimbabwean cricketer
* Kudzai Vilika (born 1983), Zimbabwean Media and Marketing Director, and Pastor in ZAOGA FIFMI
# Marquette Township, Mackinac County, Michigan

Marquette Township is a civil township of Mackinac County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 611 as of the 2020 census.

## Geography

The township is in eastern Mackinac County on the northern shore of Lake Huron. It is bordered to the west by St. Ignace Township and to the southeast by Clark Township, both in Mackinac County. Rudyard Township is to the north and Pickford Township is to the northeast, both in Chippewa County.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Marquette Township has a total area of 136.16 square miles (352.65 km$^2$), of which 97.17 square miles (251.67 km$^2$) are land and 38.99 square miles (100.98 km$^2$), or 28.64%, are water, consisting of bays on Lake Huron.

## Communities

* The unincorporated community of Pickford lies partially in the northeast corner of the township. The community lies primarily within Pickford Township in Chippewa County.