OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Ayliffe Poole

George Ayliffe Poole (1809–1883) was an English Anglican cleric and a writer on religion, church architecture and history. He strongly advocated the Gothic Revival.

## Life

Poole was a scholar of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, who graduated B.A. in 1831 and proceeded M.A. in 1838. He took holy orders in 1832, and was curate successively of Twickenham, of the Church of St John the Evangelist, Edinburgh, and of St Chad's Church, Shrewsbury. On 16 March 1839 he was appointed perpetual curate of St James's, Leeds.
In 1843 Poole was presented to the vicarage of Welford, Northamptonshire. which he held until, in 1876, he was presented by William Connor Magee, Bishop of Peterborough, to the rectory of Winwick in the same county. He acted for some years as rural dean of the district.
Poole was a strong high churchman. He died at Winwick on 25 September 1883, having married a daughter of Jonathan Wilks of St Ann's, Burley.

## Works

Poole, with John Henry Parker and Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, was a leading advocate of the Gothic Revival. His works, with sermons and tracts, were these:
* The Exile's Return; or a Cat's Journey from Glasgow to Edinburgh, a tale for children, Edinburgh, 1837
* The Testimony of St. Cyprian against Rome, London, 1838
* The Anglo-Catholic Use of Two Lights upon the Altar, for the signification that Christ is the very true Light of the World, stated and defended, London, 1840
* The Life and Times of St. Cyprian, Oxford, 1840
* On the present State of Parties in the Church of England, with especial reference to the alleged tendencies of the Oxford School to the Doctrines and Communion of Rome, London, 1841
* The Appropriate Character of Church Architecture, Leeds, 1842; reissued in 1845 as ‘Churches: their Structure, Arrangement, and Decoration,’ London
* Churches of Yorkshire, described and edited (with others), 1842
* A History of the Church in America (part of vol. ii. of The Christian's Miscellany), Leeds, 1842
* A History of England, from the First Invasion by the Romans to the Accession of Queen Victoria, London, 1844–1845, 2 vols
* The Churches of Scarborough, Filey, and the Neighbourhood, London, 1848 (with John West Hugall)
* A History of Ecclesiastical Architecture in England, London, 1848
* Sir Raoul de Broc and his Son Tristram, a tale of the twelfth century, London, 1849
* An historical and descriptive Guide to York Cathedral (with Hugall), York, 1850
* Architectural, historical, and picturesque Illustrations of the Chapel of St. Augustine, Skirlaugh, Yorkshire (edited by Poole), Hull, 1855
* Diocesan History of Peterborough, London
# Trena Wilkerson

Trena L. Wilkerson (born 1954) is an American mathematician and mathematics educator. She is a Professor of Mathematics Education in the Department of Curriculum & Instruction at Baylor University, and the president of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics for the 2020–2022 term.

## Education and career

Wilkerson majored in mathematics at Mississippi College, earned a master's degree in mathematics education from Southeastern Louisiana University, and worked as a high school teacher in Louisiana for 18 years, from 1976 to 1994.
Returning to graduate study, she earned a Ph.D. in curriculum and instruction in 1994 at the University of Southern Mississippi, specializing in mathematics education, and became an assistant research professor at Louisiana State University from 1994 to 1999, when she moved to her present position at Baylor.

## Recognition

Wilkerson is the 2024 recipient of the Louise Hay Award.
# Suppression of Religious Houses Act 1539

The Suppression of Religious Houses Act 1539 (31 Hen. 8. c. 13), sometimes referred to as the Second Act of Dissolution or as the Act for the Dissolution of the Greater Monasteries, was an Act of the Parliament of England.
It provided for the dissolution of 552 monasteries and houses remaining after the Suppression of Religious Houses Act 1535.
The whole act, except section 19, was repealed by section 1 of, and Part II of the Schedule to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.
Section 19 was repealed by section 1(1) of, and Part VIII of Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1989. The Law Commission and Scottish Law Commission had advised that section 19 was "spent".
# Do Ab (Iran)

Do Ab is the name of a rural area situated in the heart of Savadkuh County of Mazanderan province, Iran. It contains five villages. Sevatcow station on the Mazanderan branch of the trans-Iranian railway was built there during the rule of Reza Shah Pahlavi. Currently, train stops about 1 p.m. every day. It is about 7 kilometers south of Pol-e Sefid (Capital of township) and about 14 kilometers from Veresk Bridge.
# Stalingrad legal defense

The Stalingrad legal defense is a strategy usually used by a defendant to wear down the plaintiff or legal proceedings by appealing every ruling that is unfavorable to the defendant and using whatever other means possible to delay proceedings. Typically a meritorious case is not presented by the defendant. The term comes from the World War II era Battle of Stalingrad where the Soviet Union won the battle by wearing down attacking German forces over the course of 5 months.
A notable use of this legal defense strategy was by former South African president Jacob Zuma in attempting to avoid giving testimony before the Zondo Commission into state corruption. Zuma used a number of legal challenges, medical delays, private prosecutions, and other means to attempt to cause the commission to run out of time before he would have to appear before it.
# Xia Weidong

Xia Weidong (Chinese: 夏伟东; born January 1960) is a Chinese ethicist and politician who was president of Qiushi from 2018 to 2023. He is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Renmin University of China, a researcher at the Moral Education Research Center of Tsinghua University, vice president of the Chinese Ethics Society, and vice president of the Chinese Historical Materialism Society.
He was a representative of the 19th and is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 13th National People's Congress and a member of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress.

## Early life and education

Xia was born in Suzhou, Anhui, in January 1960. In 1988, he graduated from the Department of Philosophy and Ethics, Renmin University of China with a Ph.D. in philosophy.

## Career

He successively served as deputy editor in chief of Qiushi, full-time deputy director of the Central Civilization Office, deputy secretary-general of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party, director of the Theoretical Bureau, and president of Qiushi.

## Publications

* 道德的历史与现实 [The History and Reality of Morality] (in Chinese). Beijing: Education Science Press. 2000. ISBN 9787504120137.
* 思想道德修养 [Ideology and Morality] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Renmin University Press. 2003. ISBN 9787300045887.
# Emanuela Romano

Emanuela Romano is an Italian Paralympic swimmer who competes in international level events. She has won three medals at the 2013 IPC Swimming World Championships in Montreal, a bronze medalist at the 2016 IPC Swimming European Championships and has competed at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She also holds the Italian record for the 100m backstroke in her sports category.
# Bernard Sendall

Bernard Charles Sendall (30 April 1913 - 25 May 1996) was a Civil Servant and an executive member of the British Independent Television Authority (ITA). However, he is probably best known as the author of the first two books in the six-volume Independent Television in Britain series, widely regarded as the definitive history of the first 37 years of the ITV service.

## Early life

Sendall grew up in the town of Worcester where he attended the Royal Grammar School. He studied Modern History at Magdalen College, Oxford, graduating with a first class degree at the age of 20. After leaving Oxford, he studied as a postgraduate at Harvard University.

## Civil Service

Sendall joined the British Civil Service in 1935 and from 1941 to 1945 was Private Secretary to Brendan Bracken, the Minister of Information during the Second World War. After the war, the defunct Ministry of Information was re-established as the Central Office of Information. Sendall helped with the transition and became the Central Office's first Controller between 1946 and 1949. He then went on to act as Controller of the Festival of Britain until 1951 a job for which he was honoured with the CBE in 1952.

## Television

In 1955, Sendall joined the Independent Television Authority, initially as Secretary but later the deputy to the Director-General, Sir Robert Fraser. (Fraser, like Sendall, was one of several senior figures in Independent Television who had previously worked in the information services.) He remained in the post throughout the Authority's metamorphosis into the Independent Broadcasting Authority in 1972 and eventually retired in 1977. On retirement, he was awarded the Royal Television Society gold medal for his durable contribution to television.
Sendall wrote and published the first two volumes of Independent Television in Britain, the official history of ITV in 1982 and 1983 respectively. The series was subsequently continued by other writers.
# George Harper (cricketer, born 1988)

George Michael Harper (born 5 December 1988), is an American born English cricketer. Harper is a right-handed batsman who bowls left-arm medium-fast. He was born in Minnesota and educated at Harrow School, before undertaking studies at Durham University and Potchefstroom University.
Harper joined Buckinghamshire in 2008, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Cumberland. He has made 13 further appearances for the county in that competition and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. Harper made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Warwickshire in 2009 at The Racecourse, Durham. On debut he made a pair, but did take 4 wickets in the Warwickshire first-innings. He played a further two first-class fixtures in 2010, against Nottinghamshire and Durham. In his three first-class matches, he took 6 wickets at a bowling average of 49.50, with best figures 4/49.
# Trasquera

Trasquera is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Verbania, in the Val Divedro, on the border with Switzerland.
Trasquera borders the following municipalities: Bognanco, Crevoladossola, Domodossola, Varzo, Zwischbergen (Switzerland).
# Hannah Monyer

Hannah Monyer (born 3 October 1957 in Laslea, Romania) is a Romanian-born (Transylvanian Saxon) German neurobiologist and, since 1999, she has been Director of the Department of Clinical Neurology at the University Hospital in Heidelberg. In 2004 she was awarded the 1.55 million euro Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize. She received the Philip Morris Research Prize—described by Bio-pro as "one of the most prestigious science awards in Germany"—in 2006. In 2010, the European Research Council awarded her a total of 1.87 million euros for her research.
Her research has examined the composition of NMDA receptors and their expression patterns in brain cell populations. NMDA receptors are relevant to synaptic plasticity and ultimately to the brain's capacity to remember and learn. She has also shown that there are different kinds of glutamate receptor, studied various neurological disorders, and the modulation of gamma-Aminobutyric acid interneurones in a genetic paradigm. She developed the new techniques in molecular analysis that underlie her work.
Monyer is an associate editor of Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, published by the University of Heidelberg, and a member of the Senate of the Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen ((in German) "German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases".)
After receiving her MD in 1983, Monyer did postdoctoral work at Stanford University Medical Centre. She returned to Heidelberg in 1989, where she received a Schilling endowment professorship before setting up her own research group.
The Siebenbürgische Zeitung ((in German) "Transylvanian Newspaper") describes her as "multilingual and highly musical", mentioning her proficiency with the piano and her ability to speak to most of her multinational employees in their own language.
# Discus (gastropod)

Discus is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Discidae, the disk snails.

## Distribution

Distribution of the genus Discus include Europe, northern Asia and North America. The former subgenus Canaridiscus from the Canary Islands off North Africa, which was previously allocated to Atlantica, is now raised to a full genus.

## Description

Discus species have small or medium shells with ribs. The umbilicus is wide.

## Species

Species in this genus include:
subgenus Discus Fitzinger, 1833
* Discus ruderatus Férussac, 1821 – type species
* Discus whitneyi (Newcomb, 1864) – Forest disc
subgenus Gonyodiscus Fitzinger, 1833
* Discus brunsoni Berry, 1955 – Lake disc
* Discus marmorensis H. B. Baker, 1932 – Marbled disc
* Discus perspectivus J. C. M. von Mühlfeld, 1816
* Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müller, 1774) – rotund disc
subgenus ?
* Discus bryanti (Harper, 1881) – saw-tooth disc, sawtooth disc
* Discus catskillensis (Pilsbry, 1896) – angular disc
* Discus clappi (Pilsbry, 1924) – channelled disc
* Discus macclintocki F. C. Baker, 1928 – Iowa pleistocene snail, Pleistocene disc
* Discus nigrimontanus Pilsbry, 1924 – Black Mountain disc
* Discus patulus (G. P. Deshayes, 1830) – domed disc
* Discus selenitoides (Pilsbry, 1890) – file disc
* Discus shimekii (Pilsbry, 1890) – striate disc

### Species brought into synonymy

* Discus alternata: synonym of Anguispira alternata (superseded combination)
* Discus cronkhitei: synonym of Discus whitneyi (junior subjective synonym)
* Discus gomerensis: synonym of Canaridiscus gomerensis
* Discus laurisilvae: synonym of Canaridiscus laurisilvae
* Discus orientalus: synonym of Calogoniodiscus orientalus (superseded combination)
* Discus perelegans: synonym of Calogoniodiscus perelegans (superseded combination)
* Discus rupivagus: synonym of Canaridiscus rupivagus
* Discus serratus: synonym of Priodiscus serratus (superseded combination)
* Discus victorianus: synonym of Radiocentrum victoriana (superseded combination)
* Discus vorticella: synonym of Ctenophila vorticella (superseded combination)
# Minuscule 51

Minuscule 51 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 364 (Von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Formerly it was labelled by 51$^e$ for the Gospels, 32$^a$ for the Acts, and 38$^p$ for the Pauline epistles. It has marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the New Testament except Book of Revelation on 325 parchment leaves (size 30 cm by 22 cm) with a commentary. The text is written in two columns per page, 28 lines per page.
The order of books is unusual: Acts, Pauline epistles, Catholic epistles and Gospels (as in codex 234). It contains three lacunae (2 Peter 3:2-17; Matthew 18:12-35; Mark 2:8-3:4).
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. The text of the Gospels has also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, but the Eusebian Canons are absent. In the Acts and Epistles it has the Euthalian Apparatus.
It contains Prolegomena at the beginning, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each sacred book, liturgical books with hagiographies (synaxaria and Menologion), subscriptions at the end of each book, and lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use).

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. According to Scrivener it has many unusual readings. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family K$^x$. Kurt Aland did not place it in any Category. According to the Claremont Profile Method it has K$^x$ text in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made.

## History

The manuscript was dated by Gregory to the 12th century. Currently it has been assigned by the INTF to the 13th century.
In 1636 William Laud presented the manuscript to the Bodleian Library.
Mill pointed resemblance to the Complutensian text. It was examined by Mill (as Laud. 2), Bentley, and Griesbach. Bentley used it as codex γ. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1883.
Formerly it was labelled by 51$^e$ for the Gospels, 32$^a$ for the Acts, and 38$^p$ for the Pauline epistles. Gregory in 1908 gave for it number 51.
It is currently housed in at the Bodleian Library (MS. Laud. Gr. 31), at Oxford.
# Luzula nodulosa

Luzula nodulosa is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Juncaceae.
Its native range is Northwestern Africa, Greece to Turkey.
Synonyms:
* Juncoides nodulosa (E.Mey.) Kuntze
* Juncus graecus Chaub. & Bory
* Juncus nodulosus Bory & Chaub.
* Luzula graeca (Chaub. & Bory) Kunth
# John Ebiye

Eyepeiyah John Ebiye was governor of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria from August 1998 to May 1999 during the transitional regime of General Abdulsalami Abubakar, handing over to the elected civilian Governor Victor Attah at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic.
As governor, facing shortage of funds and demands to pay minimum wages to all state employees, Ebiye dropped funding for the state-owned newspaper The Pioneer. In an open meeting in September 1998 he was told that police were extorting money from commercial motorcyclists, and taking them to the police station until they paid up. Ebiye told them to contact him directly through a special complaints phone. After handing over to civilian rule, he was required to retire, as were all previous military administrators, in June 1999.
# Gioacchino Alemagna

Gioacchino Alemagna (sometimes spelled Giacchino; 13 May 1892 – 23 September 1974), was an Italian pastry chef and entrepreneur, and the founder of the Alemagna food company.

## Biography

Alemagna was born on 13 May 1892, in Melegnano, a comune (municipality) in Lombardy, Italy. He set up his first confectionery bakery in Milan in the 1920s, and opened his own pastry shop in 1925, where he directly sold his products. In 1933, he expanded his business, with a pastry shop adjacent to Milan's Piazza del Duomo. The shop became a popular spot in the prewar years, thanks to the production and sale of panettone, an Alemagna speciality. Alemagna had the largest factory in Milan's Via Silva, with more than 30 baking ovens and 2,000 employees. After World War II, Gioacchino retired and sold the company to his son Alberto. Gioacchino died in Milan on 23 September 1974.
# Trassem

Trassem is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
# Sunday Times Rich List 2021

The Sunday Times Rich List 2021 is the 33rd annual survey of the wealthiest people resident in the United Kingdom, published by The Sunday Times online on 21 May 2021.
The list was edited by Robert Watts who succeeded long-term compiler Philip Beresford in 2017. He noted that "the fact many of the super-rich grew so much wealthier at a time when thousands of us have buried loved ones and millions of us worried for our livelihoods makes this a very unsettling boom."
The list was widely reported by other media.

## Top 10 fortunes

| 2021 | 2021 | Name | Citizenship | Source of wealth | 2020 | 2020 |
| Rank | Net worth £ bn | Name | Citizenship | Source of wealth | Rank | Net worth £ bn |
| 01 | £23.00 | Sir Len Blavatnik | United States & United Kingdom | Investment, music and media | 4 | £15.781 |
| 02 | £21.465 | David and Simon Reuben | United Kingdom | Property and Internet | 2= | £16.00 |
| 03 | £17.00 | Sri and Gopi Hinduja | India | Industry and finance | 2= | £16.00 |
| 04 | £16.30 | Sir James Dyson and family | United Kingdom | Industry (Dyson) | 1 | £16.20 |
| 05 | £14.68 | Lakshmi Mittal and family | India | Steel | 19 | £6.781 |
| 06 | £13.406 | Alisher Usmanov | Russia | Mining and investment | 7 | £11.68 |
| 07 | £13.00 | Kirsten Rausing and Jörn Rausing | Sweden | Inheritance and investment (Tetra Pak) | 6 | £12.10 |
| 08 | £12.101 | Roman Abramovich | Russia & Israel | Oil and industry | 12 | £10.156 |
| 09 | £12.013 | Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken and Michel de Carvalho | Netherlands | Inheritance, banking, brewing (Heineken) | 9 | £10.30 |
| 10 | £11.00 | Guy, George, Alannah and Galen Weston and family | Canada & United Kingdom | Retailing | 8 | £10.53 |
# Discus macclintocki

Discus macclintocki is a species of land snail in the family Discidae known commonly as the Iowa Pleistocene snail and Pleistocene disc. It occurs in Iowa and Illinois in the United States. It is a federally listed endangered species.

## Biology

This snail is limited to patches of algific talus slope habitat. It is a relict species from the last ice age. Much of its remaining habitat is located on the Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge in Iowa. Known from fossil evidence about 400,000 years old, it is one of many glacial relict species that remain in the Driftless Area, a glacier-eroded plateau that now makes up parts of Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Much of the area was covered by glaciers about 500,000 years ago, while parts of the Driftless Area were unglaciated.
The algific talus slope habitat that harbors the snail is a landscape cooled by air and water emerging from masses of subterranean ice. The ground temperature rarely exceeds 10 °C (50 °F), even in summer. Here the snail feeds on leaf litter from trees (mainly birch, maple and dogwood) and shrubs. During the winter, it burrows underground and becomes dormant. It breeds from March to August, laying two to six eggs in the litter. Juveniles emerge in about 28 days. The life span of the snail is 5 to 7 years. The adult is about 5–8 millimeters wide, with a brownish or greenish shell.

## Conservation status

The Iowa Pleistocene snail was thought to be extinct until it was discovered in 1955 by a scientist working in northeastern Iowa. It was listed as endangered by the United States in 1978. The main cause of the snail's decline is climate change, as it is restricted to patches of cold habitat in warmer surroundings. The snail is considered to be a relic of the ice age. About 75% of this snail’s original habitat has been destroyed since 1850. Other causes include loss of habitat to logging, quarrying, livestock, pesticides, the construction of roads, and predation by shrews.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature assessed the snail as a species of least concern for the Red List, because its populations are apparently stable and none were lost in the decade prior to the assessment.

## Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge

The 775-acre (3.14 km$^2$) Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1989 to protect native flora and fauna, including endangered and threatened species such as the Iowa Pleistocene snail. The refuge conserves the algific talus slope habitat and other local habitat such as cold, moist sinkholes.
Other glacial relict snails occur on the refuge, including the Midwest Pleistocene vertigo (Vertigo hubrichti).
Rare plants include the northern blue monkshood (Aconitum noveboracense), which thrives in the same cool talus habitat as the snail.
# KSSK

KSSK may refer to:
* KSSK (AM), a radio station (590 AM) licensed to Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
* KSSK-FM, a radio station (92.3 FM) licensed to Waipahu, Hawaii, United States
# Grahame Davis

Grahame Davis is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Davis made a solitary official international appearance for New Zealand in a 1–3 loss to New Caledonia on 8 October 1968.