OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gabug Township

Gabug (Tibetan: སྒ་སྦུག་), or Gapu (Chinese: 嘎普乡), is a township in Bainang County, in the Shigatse prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. At the time of the 2010 census, the township had a population of 1,989. As of 2019, it had 5 villages under its administration.
# Integral energy

Integral energy is the amount of energy required to remove water from soil with an initial water content $\theta _{i}$ to water content of $\theta _{f}$ (where $\theta _{i}>\theta _{f}$). It is calculated by integrating the water retention curve, soil water potential $\psi (\theta )$ with respect to $\theta$:
$E_{i}=\int _{\theta _{i}}^{\theta _{f}}{\frac {1}{\theta _{i}-\theta _{f}}}\psi (\theta )\,d\theta$
It is proposed by Minasny and McBratney (2003) as alternative to available water capacity. (AWC) The AWC concept assumes equal availability of water between two potentials and does not consider the path along the water retention curve. Integral energy takes into the account the path or energy (characterised by water retention curve) required to dry a soil at particular soil moisture content
# Lochlainn Ó hUiginn

Lochlainn Ó hUiginn (died 1464) was a member of the Ó hUiginn brehon family.
The Annals of Connacht relate that in 1461: Lochlainn son of Fercert O hUicinn died.
His father, Fercert Ó hUiginn, died in 1419.
# Pedro Saúl Pérez

Pedro Saúl Pérez (c. 1953 – October 1, 2007) was a Dominican advocate for the rights of Dominican immigrants and migrants in Puerto Rico. Pérez was the founder and president of the Dominican Committee for Human Rights of Puerto Rico.
A legal resident of Puerto Rico for almost 40 years, Pedro Saúl Pérez earned a living as a taxi driver, but spent his remaining time speaking out for the rights of Dominicans living in Puerto Rico. Many Dominican residents of the island complain about persistent discrimination from the Puerto Rican majority. One of Pérez's greatest legal victories was his ability to convince Dominican authorities to investigate the death of a Dominican illegal immigrant who died during a Puerto Rican police raid in the 1990s. Pérez was also a leader in opposing a proposed tax on remittances sent to the Dominican Republic by Dominican residents on the island. The proposal was ultimately defeated.
Pedro Saúl Pérez was 54 years old when he died of an apparent heart attack while walking on a street in Puerto Rico's capital city, San Juan. His remains were repatriated for burial at Cristo Salvador Cemetery in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, accompanied by his wife and son, in the Dominican Republic.
# Compostimonas suwonensis

Compostimonas suwonensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile species of bacteria from the family Microbacteriaceae which has been isolated from spent mushroom compost from Suwon.
# Henry Alder

Henry Hall Alder (6 April 1874 – 17 May 1949) was an Australian rules footballer who played one game with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1902.
# Her Master's Voice

Her Master's Voice is a 1936 film directed by Joseph Santley and based on the 1933 play Her Master's Voice by Clare Kummer. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alexander Toluboff.

## Plot

A wealthy woman moves her niece to her estate and away from her niece's jobless husband, who the aunt believes is a worthless bum. Through a misunderstanding, the husband is hired to work at the estate and complications ensue.

## Cast

* Edward Everett Horton as Ned Farrar
* Peggy Conklin as Queena Farrar
* Laura Hope Crews as Aunt Minnie Stickney
* Elizabeth Patterson as Mrs. Ellie Martin
* Grant Mitchell as Horace J. Twilling
* Charles Coleman as Craddock
* Ruth Warren as Phoebe
* Dick Elliott as Police Captain
* Robert Homans as Stationmaster
* Fred Santley as Motorcycle Cop

## Reception

The film was not a financial success and recorded a loss of $2,300.
# Inside Higher Ed

Inside Higher Ed is an American online publication of news, opinion, resources, events and jobs in the higher education sphere. In 2022, Quad Partners, a private equity firm, sold it to Times Higher Education, itself owned by Inflexion Private Equity. It is based in Washington, D.C.

## History

Inside Higher Ed was founded in 2004 by Scott Jaschik and Doug Lederman, two former editors of The Chronicle of Higher Education, as well as Kathlene Collins, formerly a business manager for The Chronicle.
In 2015, Quad Partners acquired a controlling interest in the publication.
As of 2022, Inside Higher Ed's chief executive officer is Dari Gessner.

## Content

Inside Higher Ed publishes daily and content includes news stories, opinion essays and career advice. The publication also hosts several blogs on education topics, including "Confessions of a Community College Dean", "Conditionally Accepted" and "GradHacker". It also publishes Admissions Insider, an online publication about college admissions and enrollment news. In 2018, Inside Higher Ed began publishing supplemental reports in addition to its regular news and editorial offerings. Inside Higher Ed publishes a weekly podcast, "The Key with Inside Higher Ed", in which editors and reporters discuss the challenges posed to higher education by the pandemic and recession, with a particular focus on lower-income students.
Since 2012, Inside Higher Ed and Gallup have partnered to annually survey higher education professionals. In addition, Inside Higher Ed publishes the American Association of University Professors' (AAUP) Faculty Compensation Survey data.
Inside Higher Ed's content regularly appears in other publications such as Slate and Business Insider. Inside Higher Ed has been recognized by the Association for the Study of Higher Education and the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators' Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education.
# V The Second Generation

V: The Second Generation is a novel written by American telewriter/producer Kenneth Johnson. It is an alternative sequel to his 1983 science fiction television miniseries V, which depicted an advanced race of carnivorous reptilians known as "The Visitors".

## Plot summary

Set 20 years after the original miniseries, The Second Generation depicts an Earth still under Visitor domination with the Resistance fighting a losing battle. They desperately try to persuade the masses that the Visitors are evil aliens bent on mankind's destruction. However, they are largely ignored as the many technological and social advancements brought by the Visitors to the planet have convinced the majority that the aliens have their best interests in mind. They are halfway to taking all of the planet's water under the guise of cleansing it of all polluting substances. Many people were also convinced to join the Visitors' civilian militia, the Teammates (an evolution of the miniseries' Visitor Youth), to hunt resistance members.
When all seems hopeless, the message that Resistance leader Juliet Parrish sent into space at the end of the original miniseries is finally heard. An alien race called the Zedti, who are long-standing enemies of the Visitors reinforces the Resistance in their time of need and soon the war is turned in their favor. However, all is not as it seems, as the Zedti's actions make the Resistance wonder about their newfound allies' actual motives.

## Background

In 2004, Kenneth Johnson announced plans to produce a sequel to the first V miniseries from 1983, which would disregard both The Final Battle mini-series (1984) and the subsequent weekly series (which had been made without Johnson's involvement). He made it known that NBC wanted a remake of the original V miniseries, rather than a sequel. In an interview with the Pittsburgh Post Gazette, he said the idea for a sequel was born during the production of the Original Mini-Series DVD in 2001, particularly while remastering the final scene where Julie Parrish and Elias Taylor send the distress signal.
In a press conference at the 2007 San Diego Comic-Con, Johnson revealed that the novel has been written and negotiations were taking place with NBC regarding the production of its film version, a four-hour TV movie. However, in 2008, Warner Bros., which holds the television rights to the V franchise, opted to remake V from scratch, with a script written by Scott Peters (co-creator of The 4400), thus ending Johnson's plans for The Second Generation being made for television. The pilot of the remake aired on ABC on November 3, 2009.
# GaGaalinG

GaGaalingG was a Japanese visual kei gothic rock band formed in 2005 and ended in 2010.

## History

GaGaalinG was formed in 2005 by vocalist MYM (formerly known as MAIMING) after going to a Rolling Stones concert in 2005 she was so overwhelmed by the band that she decided to form a band herself.
On February 6, 2008 GaGaalinG released their fourth single "Pierce", later that month GaGaalinG announced a new full-length album, Royal Stranger, released on 26 March and a tour at the MEGURO ROKUMEIKAN that started on 1 March and ended on 13 April.
On 5 November GaGaalinG released their mini-album, "Alice".
On 2 March 2010, GaGaalinG announced on their Myspace that they would be disbanding on 17 July. They held their last live on 17 July 2010, and disbanded later that day.
On 17 October 2015, the band performed a reunion show at the 30th year anniversary event of Koyanagi "Cherry" Masanori's debut.

## Musical Style

Gagaaling described themselves as gothic loud rock band. Their songs have also been described as heavy rock and pop. Their songs also incorporate elements of Christianity.

## Name

The bands name comes from Yuri Gagarin who was the first person to go to space.

## Members

Members
* MYM - Vocals (2005-2010)
* MOTO G-3 - Guitar - (2005-2010)
* Jun Takai - Bass (2007-2010)
* Koyanagi "Cherry" Masanori - Drums (2005-2010)

## Discography

Albums
* ROYAL PUNX (2005)
* ROYAL BLOOD (2006)
* Royal Stranger (2008)
Mini Album
* Haruyurara (2006)
* ALICE (2008)
Singles
* Ai no Chikara - born to be loved (2006)
* i-Scream Machine (2007)
* Pierce (2008)
# FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2013 – Women's aerials

The women's aerials competition of the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2013 was held at Myrkdalen-Voss, Norway on March 6 (qualifying) and March 7 (finals). 22 athletes from 8 countries competed.

## Qualification

The following are the results of the qualification.
| Rank | Bib | Name | Country | Q1 | Q2 | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Xu Mengtao | China | 93.76 | | Q |
| 2 | 23 | Kong Fanyu | China | 85.99 | | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Zhang Xin | China | 84.42 | | Q |
| 4 | 7 | Danielle Scott | Australia | 81.49 | | Q |
| 5 | 16 | Veronika Korsunova | Russia | 80.62 | | Q |
| 6 | 4 | Laura Peel | Australia | 79.06 | | Q |
| 7 | 6 | Nadiya Didenko | Ukraine | 75.60 | 84.60 | Q |
| 8 | 8 | Tanja Schärer | Switzerland | 72.79 | 82.84 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | Emily Cook | United States | 57.45 | 82.53 | Q |
| 10 | 21 | Xu Sicun | China | 59.16 | 79.69 | Q |
| 11 | 14 | Samantha Wells | Australia | 54.23 | 78.43 | Q |
| 12 | 3 | Lydia Lassila | Australia | 63.80 | 76.54 | Q |
| 13 | 15 | Alina Gridneva | Russia | 51.62 | 74.97 | |
| 14 | 9 | Kiley Mckinnon | United States | 75.11 | 74.34 | |
| 15 | 10 | Allison Lee | United States | 54.49 | 73.95 | |
| 16 | 12 | Olga Polyuk | Ukraine | 35.96 | 72.13 | |
| 17 | 20 | Zhanbota Aldabergenova | Kazakhstan | 68.64 | 70.47 | |
| 18 | 22 | Zhibek Arapbayeva | Kazakhstan | 58.22 | 55.64 | |
| 19 | 11 | Madison Olsen | United States | 63.18 | 55.39 | |
| 20 | 17 | Sabrina Guerin | Canada | 73.08 | 50.40 | |
| 21 | 19 | Nadiya Mokhnatska | Ukraine | 50.02 | 38.74 | |
| | 13 | Anastasiya Novosad | Ukraine | DNS | DNS | |

## Final

The following are the results of the finals.
| Rank | Bib | Name | Country | Final 1 | Final 2 | Final 3 |
| | 1 | Xu Mengtao | China | 82.95 | 90.82 | 98.53 |
| | 16 | Veronika Korsunova | Russia | 87.88 | 80.04 | 75.26 |
| | 7 | Danielle Scott | Australia | 84.73 | 82.07 | 74.10 |
| 4 | 21 | Xu Sicun | China | 86.62 | 75.40 | 38.42 |
| 5 | 3 | Lydia Lassila | Australia | 85.99 | 73.32 | |
| 6 | 14 | Samantha Wells | Australia | 84.10 | 61.42 | |
| 7 | 8 | Tanja Schärer | Switzerland | 83.47 | 47.56 | |
| 8 | 4 | Laura Peel | Australia | 86.31 | 43.00 | |
| 9 | 6 | Nadiya Didenko | Ukraine | 82.21 | | |
| 10 | 2 | Emily Cook | United States | 80.95 | | |
| 11 | 23 | Kong Fanyu | China | 80.01 | | |
| 12 | 5 | Zhang Xin | China | 55.44 | | |
# Lochkovian

The Lochkovian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 419.2 ± 3.2 million years ago to 410.8 ± 2.8 million years ago. It marked the beginning of the Devonian Period, and was followed by the Pragian Stage. It is named after the village of Lochkov in the Czech Republic, now part of the city of Prague. The GSSP is located within the Lochkow Formation at the Klonk Section in Prague.
In North America the Lochkovian Stage is represented by Gedinnian or Helderbergian time.
# Pedro Fernández de Castro (Grand Master of the Order of Santiago)

Pedro Fernández de Castro, also known as Pedro Fernández de Fuentecalada (c. 1115 – 1184), was the first Grand Master of the Order of Santiago and the founder of the Monastery of Santa Cruz de Valcárcel. He was a Spanish nobleman and a member of the House of Castro.

## Family origins

Pedro was the son of Fernando García de Hita, founder of the powerful Castro family, by his wife Estefanía Ermengol, daughter of Ermengol V, Count of Urgell.

## Biography

Pedro fought in the army of Alfonso VII of León and Castile in the conquest of Aurelia and Alharilla in the present day area of Santa Cruz de la Zarza. Later in 1146, he participated in further military campaigns, assisting in the occupation of Baeza and the landings in Almería. These actions were an important part of the overall military campaign because they devastated the Moorish navy and largely removed them from the war at large.
Later, while crusading in the Holy Land, he decided to create a new military order dedicated to protecting the sepulcher of James the Apostle and to protecting the Way of St. James.
On 4 August 1165, Pedro, together with his wife, his sister Urraca, and his children, donated a house to abbot Miguel in Santa Cruz de Valcárcel for the purpose of founding a monastery dedicated to the principles of the order. The donation was confirmed by his wife's brothers, Nuño and Álvaro Pérez de Lara, in addition to Gómez González de Manzanedo, the husband of Pedro's sister-in-law, Milia Pérez de Lara, as well as his brothers and other members of the Castro family. Later that year, at the age of 50, Pedro Fernández officially founded the Order of Santiago in the city of Cáceres. The spirit of the order was born in the times of the Almohad invasion and is influenced by the Knights Templar, to which Pedro had become acquainted with in the Holy Land. His wife and daughter would later become nuns at the Monastery of Santa Cruz de Valcárcel.
Francisco de Rades y Andrada, in his chronicles of military orders, records Pedro's death in 1184, being buried in the main chapel of the Convent of San Marcos, León.

## Marriage and descendants

Pedro Fernández married María Pérez de Lara, daughter of count Pedro González de Lara, with whom he had the following children:
* Fernando Pérez de Castro: known as "Potestad". Married Teresa Bermúdez, with children.
* Gómez Pérez de Castro, tenente of the territory of Santullán.
* Elo Pérez de Castro, first abbess at the Monastery of Santa Cruz de Valcárcel.
* María Pérez de Castro, also known as María de Aragón.
* Milia Pérez de Castro
| Grand Master of the Order of Santiago 1170 – 1184 | Succeeded byFernando Díaz |
# Coliséum

The Coliséum is a multi-sport arena in Amiens, France. It is the home of the Gothiques d'Amiens of the Ligue Magnus. The center features two ice rinks and an Olympic-sized swimming pool.

## History

In 1989, the mayor of Amiens proposed that a new facility replace the aging Palais des Sport, Amiens' 60-year-old sporting facility. While the foundation was being laid, in 1993, four Gallo-Roman houses from the first or second century AD were discovered on site and excavated; several tons of historical materials were brought from them to the collection of Amiens.

## Events

* 1997 French Figure Skating championships
* Hosted some of the 2006 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships preliminary rounds
# Hay rack

For the Slovenian farm structure, see Hayrack
A hay rack is a light wooden or metal structure for feeding animals. It may be used to feed domestic livestock such as cattle, horses, and goats, or it may placed in the woods to feed deer. Feeding deer is mostly done in the winter, when the other food sources (green forage) are scarce. Hay racks are filled with hay, and in addition to hay there is often also a mineral lick near the rack where the animals can obtain essential mineral nutrients.
# Tbilisi City Hall

Tbilisi City Hall (Georgian: თბილისის მერია) is a body that provides executive-regulatory activities of the city of Tbilisi. The government consists of: the mayor, deputy mayors and heads of Tbilisi city services. Tbilisi district governors are officially part of the government. The heads of the control and supervision services within the Tbilisi City Hall system are not part of the Tbilisi City Government.
On February 3, 2008, the administration of the City Hall and the city services moved to a new building - Zh. In the former "Labor Palace" located at 7 Shartava Street. Prior to that, the mayor's administration housed the historic building on Freedom Square, while municipal services housed various buildings throughout Tbilisi.

## Structure

Structure of Tbilisi City Hall:
* Mayor;
* Vice Mayor;
* Deputy Mayors;
* City Hall Administration;
    'City Services:'
* Municipal Finance Service;
* Municipal Service of Social Services and Culture;
* Municipal Economic Policy Service;
* Municipal Transport Service;
* Municipal Internal Audit and Monitoring Service;
* Municipal Procurement Service;
* Municipal Supervision Service;
* Municipal Improvement Service;
* Municipal Service of Ecology and Landscaping;
* Municipal Legal Service;
* City Security Service.
    'Other Services:'
* LEPL - Tbilisi Architecture Service
* LEPL Property Management Agency
* LEPL Emergency Management Agency
# Industrial heritage of Barbados

The industrial heritage of Barbados, an island nation in the Caribbean, is exemplified by a number of specific structures still standing.
Notable historical industrial buildings of Barbados include:
* Codrington College - A college that was first used as a sugar plantation. Built around ancient Amerindian archaeological sites, including burials.
* Morgan Lewis Windmill
* St Nicholas Abbey - One of only three extant Jacobean-style structures in the Western Hemisphere. Drax Hall Estate, another of the three examples, is also located in Barbados.
* Newton Slave Burial Ground - The remains of nearly 600 slaves were found on the grounds of the former Newton Plantation, in use from 1670–1833, at a cemetery consisting of low mounds.

## World Heritage Status

This collection of sites was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on January 18, 2005, in the cultural category.
# Valdés, Asturias

Valdés is a Spanish municipality in the province of Asturias. Its capital is Luarca. It borders the Bay of Biscay on the north, the municipalities of Navia and Villayón on the west, Tineo on the south, Salas on the southeast, and Cudillero on the east. The rivers Esva, Negro and Barayo flow through the area. The national road N-634 is the main road serving the municipality.
The surname "Valdés", widespread throughout Spain and Hispanic America, is believed to have ultimately originated from the town of Valdés.

## Politics

| | PSOE | PP | CDS | URAS | Others | Total |
| 1979 | 2 | 1 | 11 | - | 7 | 21 |
| 1983 | 9 | 12 | - | - | 0 | 21 |
| 1987 | 9 | 6 | 1 | - | 1 | 17 |
| 1991 | 10 | 7 | 0 | - | 0 | 17 |
| 1995 | 9 | 8 | - | - | 0 | 17 |
| 1999 | 8 | 8 | - | 1 | 0 | 17 |
| 2003 | 7 | 5 | - | 5 | 0 | 17 |
| 2007 | 11 | 6 | - | 0 | 0 | 17 |

## Parishes

| Alienes Arcallana Ayones Barcia Cadavedo | Canero Carcedo [es] Castañeo La Montaña Luarca | Muñás Otur Paredes Santiago Trevías |

## Notable residents

* Álvaro de Albornoz y Liminiana (1879-1954), politician
* María Esther García López (b. 1948), poet and writer
* Severo Ochoa de Albornoz (1905-1993), biochemist and physician, Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1959.
* Gil Parrondo y Rico (1921-2016), art director, twice Academy Award winner
* Margarita Salas Folgueras (1938-2019), scientist
* Regina García López (1898-1942), famous artist
# Ga-in

Ga-in is a Korean female given name.
People with this name include:
* Han Ga-in (born 1982), South Korean actress
* Song Ga-in (born 1986), South Korean trot singer, Miss Trot season 1 winner
* Son Ga-in (born 1987), South Korean singer and actress, member of Brown Eyed Girls
# Integrated product team

An integrated product team (IPT) is a multidisciplinary group of people who are collectively responsible for delivering a defined product or process.
IPTs are used in complex development programs/projects for review and decision making. The emphasis of the IPT is on involvement of all stakeholders (users, customers, management, developers, contractors) in a collaborative forum. IPTs may be addressed at the program level, but there may also be Oversight IPTs (OIPTs), or Working-level IPTs (WIPTs). IPTs are created most often as part of structured systems engineering methodologies, focusing attention on understanding the needs and desires of each stakeholder.
IPTs were introduced to the U.S. Department of Defense in 1995 as part of "a fundamental change in the way the Department acquires goods and services".
# FK Mladost Bački Jarak

FK Mladost Bački Jarak (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Младост Бачки Јарак) is a football club based in Bački Jarak, Temerin, Serbia. Mladost currently plays in the Vojvodina League South, the 4th tier of Serbian football.

## History

FK Mladost was founded in 1947. The club's biggest success came in the 1990s when Mladost played in the First League of FR Yugoslavia in B group. Since relegation from B league the club spent most of its time in third tier of Serbian football. Mladost almost reached Serbian First League in season 2008–09, when the club was leading promotion race until the final few games, but they failed to promote, finishing third, six points behind FK Proleter Novi Sad. After many years in third tier, the club relegated in season 2012–13. Since then, they play in the Novi Sad-Srem Zone League.
On 8 June 2016 Mladost won the Vojvodina Cup for the first time in club history, beating FK Borac Sakule 4–2 on penalties (0–0 after 90 minutes), and qualified for Serbian Cup 1/16 finals. This is considered as the biggest success in modern history of the club. Match was played at Karađorđe Stadium, Novi Sad.

## Rivalries

FK Mladost main rival is FK Sloga Temerin. They are local rivals. Two stadiums are separated by only 3 km.

## Fans

Supporters of FK Mladost are called Djavoli (Devils).