OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shell Processing Support

Shell Processing Support (SPS) is a set of formatted files used for exchanging Land 3D seismic data. They can also be used for 2D.

## History

Shell Processing Support data format was initially defined and used by Shell Internationale Petroleum for transferring of seismic and positioning data to the processing centres. In 1993 SEG Technical standards committee on ancillary data formats adopted SPS as the standard format for exchanging Geophysical positioning data.

## SPS Format

SPS format is a set of three files called Receiver file, Source file, Cross reference file and an optional fourth file for comments. In addition to the comment file comments can be entered in each of the three files as part of the header and is indicated by starting with the letter H.
Receiver file: Receiver file contains the information about the geophones their type, position (Easting, Northing, Elevation) and their ID.
Source file: Source file contains the information about the Seismic source its position and their ID.
Cross reference file: Cross reference file (also known as relational file) or in short, X file, is basically a relational file relating the source and the receiver when the shot occurred. It contains the details about the Shot ID, Source and receivers associated with that particular shot ID.
Comment file: This file is an optional file. Any other information regarding the seismic acquisition can be provided in this file for the processing center.

## Versions

* The first version of SPS adopted by SEG is now referred to as SPS rev0
* The recent version of SPS is SPS rev2.1
# Fulghum

Fulghum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dot Fulghum (1900–1947), American baseball player
* Jim Fulghum (1944–2014), American politician and physician
* Luke Fulghum (born 1980), American ice hockey player
* Robert Fulghum (born 1937), American writer
# Fırat (surname)

Fırat is a Turkish surname.
Notable persons with that name include:
* Abdülmelik Fırat (1934–2009), Turkish-Kurdish politician
* Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat (1943–2019), Turkish politician
* Duygu Fırat (born 1990), Turkish female basketball player
* Engin Fırat (born 1970), Turkish football manager
* Ertuğrul Oğuz Fırat (1923–2014), Turkish composer, painter and writer
* Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu (born 1974), Turkish journalist
* İbrahim Halil Fırat (born 1973), Turkish politician
* İdil Fırat (born 1972), Turkish actress
* Mert Fırat (born 1981), Turkish actor and screenwriter
* Nurhan Fırat (born 1972), Turkish karateka
* Salih Fırat (born 1960), Turkish-Kurdish politician
* Yusuf Emre Fırat (born 2000), Turkish cross-country skier
# Ganapur

Ganapur is a town in Banke District in the Bheri Zone of south-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,775 and had 735 houses in the town best area for industries.

## Government

The purpose of Village Development Committees is to organise village people structurally at a local level and creating a partnership between the community and the public sector for improved service delivery system. A VDC has a status as an autonomous institution and authority for interacting with the more centralised institutions of governance in Nepal. In doing so, the VDC gives village people an element of control and responsibility in development, and also ensures proper utilization and distribution of state funds and a greater interaction between government officials, NGOs and agencies. The village development committees within a given area will discuss education, water supply, basic health, sanitation and income and will also monitor and record progress which is displayed in census data.
In VDCs there is one elected chief, usually elected with over an 80% majority. From each ward, there is also a chief that is elected along with these there are also four members elected or nominated.
# Ganapavaram, Eluru district

Ganapavaram is a village in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

## Geography

The village is located at 16° 42' 0" North, 81° 28' 0" East. Ganapavaram is located at between the Tadepalligudem and Bhimavaram. It has an average elevation of 14 metres (46 ft).

## Demographics

As of 2011 Census of India, Ganapavaram had a population of 11749. The total population constitute, 5779 males and 5790 females with a sex ratio of 1033 females per 1000 males. 996 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, with sex ratio of 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 79.02%.
# G. V. Desani

Govindas Vishnoodas Desani (1909–2000), known as G.V. Desani, was a British-Indian journalist, lecturer, writer and educator. Desani is best known for his novel All About H. Hatterr, first published in Great Britain in 1948, which cast an absurdist, comedic light on the plight of a common man in a multicultural, pan-ethnic world.
Hatterr is notable for its many revised editions and attendant reviews received over seven decades which describe the book as … "a genuine literary rarity, the lost-and-found masterpiece," "a lost classic", and, of the author, an "elusive talent of the Fifties."
Post 40, Desani became a seeker, devotee, adept, reporter and lecturer on ancient Indian traditions — including obscure mantric and tantric crafts — to Eastern and Western audiences.
# Gardner Township

Gardner Township may refer to:
* Gardner Township, Sangamon County, Illinois
* Gardner Township, Johnson County, Kansas
* Gardner Township, Buffalo County, Nebraska
* Gardner Township, Cass County, North Dakota, in Cass County, North Dakota
# Gardar, North Dakota

Gardar is an unincorporated community in Pembina County, in the U.S. state of North Dakota.
As of 2016, its population is 90.

## History

Gardar was founded ca. 1878, and was originally built up chiefly by Icelanders. A post office was established at Gardar in 1881, and remained in operation until 1984.
# Shergoldana

Shergoldana is an extinct genus of fossil bilaterian worm-like organisms. It is described as having common features with Nemathelminthes, with a possible relation to an adult kinorhynch or to the larval stage of a palaeoscolecid worm. It has been described as the first occurrence of a free living Cycloneuralian from the Cambrian period.
# Fuxing Subdistrict, Meizhou

Fuxing is a subdistrict of Xingnin City, Meizhou, in eastern Guangdong Province, China.
# Shiling

Shiling could refer to the following towns in China:
* Shiling, Guangzhou (狮岭镇), in Huadu District
* Shiling, Lianjiang, Guangdong (石岭镇)
* Shiling, Laibin (石陵镇), in Xingbin District, Laibin, Guangxi
* Shiling, Baoting County (什玲镇), in Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan
* Shiling, Xiping County (师灵镇), Henan
* Shiling, Suqian (侍岭镇), in Suyu District, Suqian, Jiangsu
* Shiling (十岭村), Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei
# Gabuh Piging

Datuk Gabuh bin Piging P.G.D.K. (11 January 1932 - 31 August 2010) represented North Borneo in the triple jump at the 1956 Summer Olympics, he finished 24th. He later competed at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in the long jump and triple jump where he finished 10th in the latter.
# Gabriela Rocha (swimmer)

Gabriela Campagnoli Rocha (born May 20, 1995 in Vitória) is a Brazilian competitive swimmer.
At 16 years old, integrating Brazilian national delegation that disputed the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, she won the silver medal in 4×200-metre freestyle by participating at heats. She also finished 12th in the 800-metre freestyle.
# Gabriela Rocha

Gabriela Rocha may refer to:
* Gabriela Rocha (singer) (born 1994), Brazilian Christian singer and songwriter
* Gabriela Rocha (swimmer) (born 1995), Brazilian swimmer
# Taravana

Taravana is a disease often found among Polynesian island natives who habitually dive deep without breathing apparatus many times in close succession, usually for food or pearls. These free-divers may make 40 to 60 dives a day, each of 30 or 40 metres (100 to 140 feet).
Taravana seems to be decompression sickness. The usual symptoms are vertigo, nausea, lethargy, paralysis and death. The word taravana is Tuamotu Polynesian for "to fall crazily".
Taravana is also used to describe someone who is "crazy because of the sea".
# South Korea women's national under-19 volleyball team

The South Korea women's national under-18 volleyball team represents South Korea in women's under-18 volleyball events, it is controlled and managed by the Korea Volleyball Association (KVA) that is a member of Asian volleyball body Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

## Team
### Coaching staff

| Position | Name |
| Head Coach | Chang Yoon-hee |

### Current squad

The following 18 players were called up for the 2018 Asian Girls' U17 Volleyball Championship in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.

## Competition history
### Youth Olympic Games

* 2010 – Did not qualify

### World Championship

* 1989 – 4th
* 1991 – Champion
* 1993 – Bronze medal
* 1995 – 5th
* 1997 – 4th
* 1999 – Bronze medal
* 2001 – 9th
* 2003 – Did not enter
* 2005 – 5th
* 2007 – 9th
* 2009 – Did not qualify
* 2011 – Did not qualify
* 2013 – Did not qualify
* 2015 – 13th
* 2017 – 11th
* 2019 – 13th
* 2021 – withdrew
* 2023 – 11th

### Asian Championship

* 1997 – Runner-up
* 1999 – 4th
* 2001 – Bronze medal
* 2003 – Did not enter
* 2005 – Runner-up
* 2007 – Runner-up
* 2008 – 4th
* 2010 – 4th
* 2012 – 4th
* 2014 – 4th
* 2017 – Bronze medal
* 2018 – 4th
* 2020 – Cancelled
* 2022 – Bronze medal
# Souaflia

Souaflia is a town and commune in Mostaganem Province, Algeria. It is located in Bouguirat District. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 14,356.
# Field order

Field order may refer to:
* A type of playback for interlaced video
* A way of presenting information about a military situation in the field, as in the five paragraph field order
* The order (size) of a finite field
# Forksburg, West Virginia

Forksburg is an unincorporated community in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. Its post office is closed.

## Notable person

* Ephraim F. Morgan - former Governor of West Virginia.
# Jemison High School (Jemison, Alabama)

Jemison High School is a secondary school located in Jemison, Alabama, which educates grades 9-12. The school mascot is the Panther. The marching band is the Jemison Blue Regiment Band. There are two concert band groups; the advanced group is the Jemison High School Wind Ensemble and the second group is the Jemison High School Concert Band. JHS has a football team, baseball team, basketball team, archery club, golf team, volleyball and more. JHS boasts an active VEX Robotics team (TSA) as well as an extensive Culinary Arts department.
# Tire bead

Tire bead is the term for the edge of a tire that sits on the rim. Wheels for automobiles, bicycles, etc. are made with a small slot or groove into which the tire bead sits. When the tire is properly inflated, the air pressure within the tire keeps the bead in this groove.
Reducing tire air pressure is a frequent practice among off-road vehicle drivers. This action widens the tire tread, enhancing the contact surface with the terrain for better traction. However, excessively low pressure can lead to inadequate bead-to-rim pressure, resulting in the bead dislodging from the rim, commonly known as "losing a bead." To address this issue, beadlocks are frequently employed to securely clamp the bead onto the rim.
A rusty bead can seize onto the rim, requiring a bead breaker to free it.

## Materials Used for Tire Bead

Tire beads are made of high-tensile steel cable coated with rubber and are responsible for creating and maintaining a seal between the tire and the wheel. The steel wire used to make tire beads is often plated with copper, brass, or bronze to increase its strength. Here are some other materials used in tire manufacturing that are suitable for the tire application:
* Cotton
* Rayon
* Polyester
* Steel
* Fiberglass
* Aramid
While these materials are used in different parts of the tire, the tire bead is primarily made of steel wire coated with rubber.
# Cusp

A cusp is the most pointed end of a curve. It often refers to cusp (anatomy), a pointed structure on a tooth.
Cusp or CUSP may also refer to:

## Mathematics

* Cusp (singularity), a singular point of a curve
* Cusp catastrophe, a branch of bifurcation theory in the study of dynamical systems
* Cusp form, in modular form theory
* Cusp neighborhood, a set of points near a cusp
* Cuspidal representation, a generalization of cusp forms in the theory of automorphic representations

## Science and medicine

* Beach cusps, a pointed and regular arc pattern of the shoreline at the beach
* Behavioral cusp, a change in behavior with far-reaching consequences
* Caltech-USGS Seismic Processing, software for analyzing earthquake data
* Center for Urban Science and Progress, a graduate school of New York University focusing on urban informatics
* CubeSat for Solar Particles, a satellite launched in 2022
* Cusp (anatomy), a pointed structure on a tooth
* Cusps of heart valves, leaflets of a heart valve
* Nuclear cusp condition, in electron density

## Other uses

* Cusp (astrology)
* Cusp (film), a 2021 American documentary following three teenage girls at the end of summer
* Cusp (novel), a 2005 science fiction story by Robert A. Metzger
* Cusp Conference, an annual gathering of thinkers, innovators, etc. from various fields
* Cusp generation, a name given to those born during the transitional years of two generations
* Concordia University, St. Paul
# Taruga fastigo

Taruga fastigo is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka and only known from its type locality, Morningside Estate near Rakwana. Prior to its description in 2001, it was confused with Polypedates eques (now Taruga eques).

## Etymology

The specific name fastigo is Latin for "sharpened" and refers to the pointed snout of the species.

## Description

Adult males measure 35–40 mm (1.4–1.6 in) and females 55–64 mm (2.2–2.5 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is pointed. The canthus rostralis is angular, and the canthal ridges are sharp. The tympanum is visible and the supratympanic fold is distinct. The fingers and toes have well-developed discs; the fingers are free from webbing whereas the toes are webbed. Skin is mostly smooth but granular on the abdomen and underside of the femur. There are prominent white tubercles around the vent and lower surfaces of the thighs. Dorsal colouration is brown or olive green, and the dorsum bears an incomplete, dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking. There is a black line on the lower flank that connects the axilla and groin. The canthal ridge and supratympanic fold are red. The lips have black edges. The venter is white or pale yellow.
A late-stage tadpole (Gosner stage 44) measures 40 mm (1.6 in) in total length, with body length of 17 mm (0.67 in).

## Habitat and conservation

The only known population inhabits montane tropical moist forest at about 1,060 m (3,480 ft) above sea level. Taruga fastigo is an arboreal species, and adults are typically are found on twigs and leaves in bushes up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) above the ground. They typically occur close to shallow, stagnant pools where breeding takes place (based on the presence of tadpoles—breeding has not been observed, but is presumed to involve a foam nest).
Taruga fastigo is a rare species that is threatened by habitat loss and degradation. It is present in the Morningside Forest Reserve, although pressure from land use is also present in the reserve.
# Sheriff Principal of Lothian and Borders

The Sheriff Principal of Lothian and Borders is the head of the judicial system of the sheriffdom of Lothian and Borders, one of the six sheriffdoms covering the whole of Scotland. The sheriffdom employs a number of legally qualified sheriffs who are responsible for the hearing of cases in four Sheriffs Courts based in Edinburgh, Jedburgh, Livingston and Selkirk. The current Scottish sheriffdoms were created in 1975 when the previous arrangement of 12 sheriffdoms was discontinued.
The Sheriff Principal, usually a King's Counsel (KC), is appointed by the King on the recommendation of the First Minister, who receives recommendations from the Judicial Appointments Board for Scotland. He or she must have been qualified as an advocate or solicitor for at least ten years and is responsible for the administrative oversight of the judicial system within the sheriffdom. The Sheriff Principal will also hear appeals against the judgement of his sheriffs, hear certain cases himself and occasionally conduct major fatal accident inquiries.

## Sheriffs Principal of Lothian and Borders

* 1975–: William James Bryden, QC
* 1978–1989: Sir Frederick William Fitzgerald O'Brien, QC
* 1989–2002: Charles Gordon Brown Nicholson, QC
* 2002–2005: Iain Macphail, Lord Macphail
* 2005–2011: Edward F. Bowen, QC
* 2022–present: Nigel Ross, KC
# Aşağıışıklar, Manavgat

Aşağıışıklar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Manavgat, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,591 (2022).
# Inukamigawa Dam

Inukamigawa Dam is a gravity dam located in Shiga prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation and power production. The catchment area of the dam is 31.2 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 35 ha of land when full and can store 4500 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1946.
# Titanium(II) chloride

Titanium(II) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula TiCl$_2$. The black solid has been studied only moderately, probably because of its high reactivity. Ti(II) is a strong reducing agent: it has a high affinity for oxygen and reacts irreversibly with water to produce H$_2$. The usual preparation is the thermal disproportionation of TiCl$_3$ at 500 °C. The reaction is driven by the loss of volatile TiCl$_4$:
       2 TiCl$_3$ → TiCl$_2$ + TiCl$_4$
The method is similar to that for the conversion of VCl$_3$ into VCl$_2$ and VCl$_4$.
TiCl$_2$ crystallizes as the layered CdI$_2$ structure. Thus, the Ti(II) centers are octahedrally coordinated to six chloride ligands.

## Derivatives

Molecular complexes are known such as TiCl$_2$(chel)$_2$, where chel is DMPE (CH$_3$)$_2$PCH$_2$CH$_2$P(CH$_3$)$_2$ and TMEDA ((CH$_3$)$_2$NCH$_2$CH$_2$N(CH$_3$)$_2$). Such species are prepared by reduction of related Ti(III) and Ti(IV) complexes.
Unusual electronic effects have been observed in these species: TiCl$_2$[(CH$_3$)$_2$PCH$_2$CH$_2$P(CH$_3$)$_2$]$_2$ is paramagnetic with a triplet ground state, but Ti(CH$_3$)$_2$[(CH$_3$)$_2$PCH$_2$CH$_2$P(CH$_3$)$_2$]$_2$ is diamagnetic.
A solid-state derivative of TiCl$_2$ is Na$_2$TiCl$_4$, which has been prepared by the reaction of Ti metal with TiCl$_3$ in a NaCl flux. This species adopts a linear chain structure wherein again the Ti(II) centers are octahedral with terminal, axial halides.
# Invention (disambiguation)

An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process.
Invention or invented may also refer to:
* Invention (musical composition), a short composition (usually for a keyboard instrument) with two-part counterpoint
* Invention (album), a 1997 collaboration by Phil Keaggy, Wes King, and Scott Dente
* Invention (Ligeti), a 1948 piano composition by György Ligeti
* Inventions (album), a 1965 album by Sandy Bull
* Inventions (band), a musical group composed of members of the ensembles Eluvium and Explosions in the Sky
* Invented (album), a 2010 album by Jimmy Eat World
* Inventio, the method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric
* "Invention", a song by Pedro the Lion from the 1999 EP The Only Reason I Feel Secure
# Tobias Nielsén

Tobias Nielsén (born 1975) is a graduated economist from Stockholm School of Economics and Columbia Business School, New York City, publisher and writer. He began his career as a journalist for the Swedish newspaper Expressen in 1995 and later founded the publishing house/research firm Volante where he now is CEO and publisher. Nielsén is also running the blog www.kulturekonomi.se together with researcher Emma Stenström. In 2009 he was nominated for the "Cultural Policy Research Award", established by the European Commission.
In 2013 Nielsén was named one of Sweden's 101 Super Talents by the business weekly magazine "Veckans Affärer".
# Tmesisternus ochreomaculatus

Tmesisternus ochreomaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1942.
# Goodenia macbarronii

Goodenia macbarronii, commonly known as narrow goodenia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is an erect perennial herb with adventitious roots, toothed, lance-shaped leaves with the lower end towards the base, and racemes of yellow flowers.

## Description

Goodenia macbarronii is an erect, perennial herb that typically grows to a height of up to 30 cm (12 in) long and has adventitious roots. The leaves are thick, lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 50–100 mm (2.0–3.9 in) long and 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) wide, with toothed edges. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to 250 mm (9.8 in) long on a peduncle up to 20 mm (0.79 in) long, with linear bracts 2–20 mm (0.079–0.787 in) long and bracteoles 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 0.5–3 mm (0.020–0.118 in) long. The sepals are linear to elliptic, 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long, the petals yellow 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in) long. The lower lobes of the corolla are 4–4.5 mm (0.16–0.18 in) long with wings about 1 mm (0.039 in) wide. Flowering mainly occurs from October to March and the fruit is an oval capsule 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Goodenia macbarronii was first formally described in 1990 Roger Charles Carolin in the journal Telopea, from specimens collected by E.J. McBarron near Holbrook in 1947. The specific epithet (macbarronii) honours the collector of the type specimens.

## Distribution and habitat

Narrow goodenia grows in damp places on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, between the Guyra and Inverell districts of New South Wales and the Wedderburn and Moyhu districts of northern Victoria.
# Forks of the Credit

Forks of the Credit may refer to:
* Forks of the Credit Provincial Park, a park in Ontario, Canada
* Forks of the Credit, Ontario, a community within Caledon, Ontario
# Myrmecina alpina

Myrmecina alpina is a species of ant in the family Formicidae.
# Aşağışahinler

Aşağışahinler (Laz language: Napshit) is a village in the Arhavi District, Artvin Province, Turkey. Its population is 84 (2021).