OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Suzanne Hoschedé

Suzanne Hoschedé (April 29, 1868–February 6, 1899) was one of the daughters of Alice Hoschedé and Ernest Hoschedé, the stepdaughter and favorite model of French impressionist painter Claude Monet, and wife of American impressionist painter Theodore Earl Butler. Suzanne is known as The Woman with a Parasol in Monet's painting of 1886.

## Early life

In 1878 Monet and his family temporarily moved into the home of Ernest Hoschedé (1837–1891), a wealthy department store owner and patron of the arts. Both families then shared a house in Vétheuil during the summer. Hoschedé became bankrupt, and left in 1878 for Belgium. After the death of Monet's wife Camille in September 1879, and while Monet continued to live in the house in Vétheuil, Hoschedé's wife Alice (1844–1911) helped Monet to raise his two sons, Jean and Michel, by taking them to Paris to live alongside her own six children. They were Blanche Hoschedé Monet (who eventually married Jean Monet); Germaine; Suzanne Hoschedé; Marthe; Jean-Pierre; and Jacques. In the spring of 1880, Alice Hoschedé and all the children left Paris and rejoined Monet, still living in the house in Vétheuil. In 1881, all of them moved to Poissy, which Monet hated. In April 1883, looking out the window of the little train between Vernon and Gasny, he discovered Giverny. They next moved to Vernon, then to a house in Giverny, Eure, in Upper Normandy, where he planted a large garden and where he painted for much of the rest of his life. Following the death of her estranged husband in 1891, Alice Hoschedé married Claude Monet in 1892 on July 16. The witnesses were the painters Gustave Caillebotte and Paul César Helleu.

### Marriage

Despite Claude Monet’s initial objections to his stepdaughter Suzanne Hoschedé's marriage to American painter Theodore Earl Butler (1861–1936), he relented after discovering the wealth of Butler’s family. The marriage occurred a few days after Monet’s wedding. Theodore Earl Butler married Suzanne Hoschedé on 20 July 1892.
The event was immortalized in a painting by Theodore Robinson titled The Wedding March. They had a son Jimmy Butler, born in 1893, and daughter Lilly Butler, who was born the following year.

## Death

After a lingering illness, Suzanne Hoschedé died on September 6, 1899. Marthe Hoschedé, Suzanne’s youngest sister, helped Butler raise Jimmy and Lilly.
# Lophophelma eucryphes

Lophophelma eucryphes is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by West in 1930. It is found in the Philippines.
# Gonionota persistis

Gonionota persistis is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are light yellowish, suffusedly streaked with crimson red on all veins and with a slender crimson-fuscous streak along the costa throughout, continued around the termen to the tornus, the anterior half of the costa more broadly suffused with light fuscous and with a thick streak of light fuscous suffusion from three-fifths of the costa to one-fourth of the dorsum. The discal stigmata are small and dark fuscous and there is a rather curved waved light fuscous transverse line at three-fourths, as well as a similar crimson-red subterminal line. The hindwings are whitish yellowish, yellower along the termen.
# Taruga (frog)

Taruga is a genus of frogs endemic to Sri Lanka. They are the only foam-nesting tree frogs in the Old World Tree frog family, Rhacophoridae.
Genus Taruga was previously assigned to the genus Polypedates. As presently understood, Taruga comprises three named species: T. fastigo, T. eques and T. longinasus. Hence two genera of foam-nesting rhacophorid tree frogs are present in Sri Lanka: (1) Polypedates, with many species in India and Asia but just two in Sri Lanka (P. maculatus— widely distributed in South Asia; and P. cruciger— endemic to Sri Lanka, albeit widely distributed); and (2) Taruga, the Sri Lankan endemic forms, whose three constituent species (T. eques, T. fastigo and T. longinasus) each have restricted distributions mostly in the forested highlands. The best character to distinguish the adults of Taruga from Polypedates are a set of prominent cone-like projections around the vent. Furthermore, the supratympanic fold of Taruga is straighter than those in Polypedates. The snout of Taruga is very much acute than that of Polypedates.
Considering tadpoles, the vent of Polypedates forms a tube between left leg and tail, and in Taruga, there is no such tube, only an opening between leg and tail. There are also several more features of the mouth cavity, such as the number of projections on the tongue, shape of the tongue etc. that helps to distinguish Taruga from Polypedates.
Taruga in Sanskrit (and early-Sinhala) means "tree climber". This name is very appropriate as the adults of these are tree inhabiting frogs, and rarely come to the ground. They often even lay their eggs on vegetation overhanging water.
All three frogs need shade in the form of a canopy to survive, and shallow and slow flowing streams or puddles to breed.
The female of the species builds a foamy nest overhanging water where eggs develop for a few days, after which tadpoles fall into water where they undergo further development until metamorphosis occurs. The juvenile frogs that emerge from water return to an arboreal life, on trees.
Sri Lanka is now known to contain clade level endemicity despite many land-bridge connections with India. Taruga is yet another such deeply divergent clade.
Following scientists contributed to this paper: Dr. Madhava Meegaskumbura (Dept. of Zoology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka); Dr. Suyama Meegaskumbura (Dept. of Zoology, University of Peradeniya), Mr. Gayan Bowatte (Dept. of Zoology, University of Peradeniya), Prof. Christopher J. Schneider (Boston University, USA) and Prof. James Hanken (Harvard University, USA).

## Species

There are three recognized species in this genus:
* Taruga eques (Günther, 1858)
* Taruga fastigo (Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2001)
* Taruga longinasus (Ahl, 1927)
# Speckle-fronted weaver

The speckle-fronted weaver (Sporopipes frontalis) is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. It is found in Africa from Mauritania and Gambia in the west to Ethiopia and Tanzania in the east. Its natural habitat is dry savanna.

## Gallery

* Speckle-fronted weaver
# Weavers, New South Wales

33°25′25″S 150°58′44″E﻿ / ﻿33.4235°S 150.9788°E﻿ / -33.4235; 150.9788 Weavers is a historical locality of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the City of Hawkesbury east of Leets Vale.
* This article related to the geography of Sydney is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Birmingham City Council (Alabama)

The Birmingham City Council is the legislative branch that governs the City of Birmingham, Alabama, United States. It has nine members elected by district, and regularly meets on Tuesday mornings at Birmingham City Hall. The council has 11 subcommittees, each of which contains three members.
The council was formed in 1963, when the city adopted the Mayor-Council Act of 1955. It replaced the Birmingham City Commission, the city's previous form of government. The council's current president is William Parker; the current president pro tempore is Wardine Alexander.

## Members

* District 1: Clinton Woods (2018–present)
* District 2: Hunter Williams (2017–present)
* District 3: Valerie Abbott (2001–present)
* District 4: J.T. Moore (2021–present)
* District 5: Darrell O'Quinn (2017–present)
* District 6: Crystal Smitherman (2018–present)
* District 7: Wardine Alexander (2018–present)
* District 8: Carol Clarke (2021–present)
* District 9: LaTonya Tate (2021–present)
# List of annual events in metropolitan Copenhagen

This list of annual events in metropolitan Copenhagen is a list of festivals and other annual events in metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark.

## Music

| Month | Event | Location | Year first run |
| February | Copenhagen Cooling – winter | Citywide | |
| February | Copenhagen Fashion Week | Citywide | 1968 |
| April | CPH:PIX | Citywide | 2005 |
| May | Copenhagen Beer Celebration | Sparta Hallen | 2010 |
| May | Copenhagen Beer Festival | Tap 1 (Carlsberg) | 2001 |
| May | Copenhagen Carnival | Ørestad | 1982 |
| May | Copenhagen Marathon | Citywide | 1982 |
| June | Copenhagen Distortion | Citywide | 1998 |
| June | Copenhell | Refshaleøen | 2005 |
| June | Kulturhavn | Port of Copenhagen | |
| June/July | Roskilde Festival | Roskilde | 1971 |
| July | Copenhagen Jazz Festival | Citywide | 2001 |
| August | Copenhagen Historic Grand Prix | Bellahøj | 1979 |
| August | Copenhagen Summer Dance | Copenhagen Police Headquarters | |
| August | Pride Copenhagen | City centre | |
| August | Trailerpark Festival | Copenhagen Skatepark | 2007 |
| August | Vanguard Festival | Søndermarken | |
| August | Strøm Festival | Enghaveparken /main venue) | |
| August | Scandinavia Ragae Festival | Refshaleøen | 2012 |
| August | Copenhagen Cooking | Citywide | 2005 |
| August | Copenhagen Fashion Week | Citywide | |
| August | Asteroiden | Refsgaleøen | 2012 |
| August | Round Christiansborg Open Water Swim | Slotsholmen | |
| August | Ironman Copenhagen | Greater Copenhagen | 2010 |
| August | Copenhagen Art Week | City-wideref | |
| August/September | Art Copenhagen | Forum Copenhagen | 1997 |
| September | Golden Days | Citywide | 1994 |
| October | Eremitage Race | Jægersborg Dyrehave | 1969 |
| October | Culture Night | Citywide | 2003 |
| October | Wundergrund Festival | misc. | |
| November | CPH:DOX | Citywide | 2003 |
| November | Copenhagen Book Fair | Bella Center | 1992 |
| November | St Hubertus Hunt | Jægersborg Dyrehave | |

## Gallery

* Stella Polaris in Frederiksberg Gardens
# Glucose-elevating agent

Glucose-elevating agents are medications used to treat hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) by raising blood glucose. In diabetics, hypoglycemia can occur as a result of too much insulin or antidiabetic medication, insufficient food intake, or sudden increase in physical activity or exercise. The most common glucose-elevating agents used to treat diabetic hypoglycemia are glucose (in the form of tablets or liquid) and glucagon injections when severe hypoglycemia occurs. Diazoxide, which is used to counter hypoglycemia in disease states such as insulinoma (a tumor producing insulin) or congenital hyperinsulinism, increases blood glucose and decreases insulin secretion and glucagon accelerates breakdown of glycogen in the liver (glycogenolysis) to release glucose into the bloodstream.

## List of glucose-elevating agents

* Glucose (dextrose)
* Glucagon
* Diazoxide
# Gluta sabahana

Gluta sabahana is a tree of Borneo in the cashew and sumac family Anacardiaceae. The specific epithet sabahana is from the Latin meaning "of Sabah".

## Description

Gluta sabahana grows as a tree up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 60 cm (24 in). Its dark brown bark is smooth to scaly. The large leaves measure up to 23 cm (9 in) long. The flowers are whitish. Its ellipsoid fruits measure up to 9 cm (4 in) long and are brownish and scurfy.

## Distribution and habitat

Gluta sabahana is endemic to Borneo, where it is confined to Sabah. Its habitat is lowland forests, including swamps, below 30 m (100 ft) elevation.
# Glass rod

A glass stirring rod, glass rod, stirring rod or stir rod is a piece of laboratory equipment used to mix chemicals. They are usually made of solid glass, about the thickness and slightly longer than a drinking straw, with rounded ends.

## Structure

Stir rods are generally made of borosilicate (commonly known as Pyrex) glass or polypropylene plastic. They are usually between 10 and 40 centimeters in length and about half a centimeter in diameter. Glass rods are created from a single length of thin glass that is then cut into smaller segments. The ends are generally rounded (for example, by flame polishing) to prevent scratching the surface of glassware during use, which may lead to cracks if the glassware is later heated. Other shapes are possible, such as a flat paddle which can be used to circulate sediment, a triangular paddle to imitate a rubber policeman or a round button used to crush solids.

## Uses

A stirring rod is used for mixing liquids, or solids and liquids.
Stir rods are used as part of proper laboratory technique when decanting supernatants because the contact helps to negate the adhesion between the side of the glassware and the supernatant that is responsible for the liquid running down the side. Using a stir rod also grants more control over the rate of flow, which is important in cases where chemicals may react violently. This process is also used to pour a large-mouthed flask or beaker into a test tube.
Glass rods can also be used to induce crystallization in a recrystallization procedure, when they are used to scratch the inside surface of a test tube or beaker.
They can also break up an emulsion during an extraction.

### Teaching

These are two classic physics experiments performed using glass rods.

#### Vanishing rods experiment

This experiment introduces students to the concept of an index of refraction in a liquid. Glass rods are placed in beakers of liquid, in this case oil and water. In water, the glass rods are visible because the refractive index of water is different for water and glass. In the oil, however, the glass rods seem to disappear because they have a refractive index very similar to that of glass, so the light does not bend as it crosses the glass/oil interface.

#### Electrification

Glass rods can also be used to demonstrate electrification by friction. This occurs when there are two surfaces rubbing together. In this instance, rubbing a glass rod with silk transfers negative charge from it. This effect is known as the triboelectric effect and can be performed with a variety of materials. Because glass rods and silk are relatively common, they are often chosen to demonstrate this effect.
# Spectacle Lake (Minnesota)

Spectacle Lake is a lake in Isanti County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was so named on account of its outline being shaped like a pair of spectacles.
Spectacle Lake Wildlife Management Area is next to the lake, midway between the cities of Princeton and Cambridge, Minnesota.
# South Sydney

South Sydney may refer to:
* City of South Sydney, a former local government area in Sydney, Australia
* Southern Sydney, the southern suburbs of Sydney
* South Sydney Rabbitohs, a National Rugby League team
# Gotham, Wisconsin

Gotham (also Richland City) is a census-designated place, in the town of Buena Vista, in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located at the intersection of Wisconsin Highway 60 and U.S. Route 14. It is just north of the Wisconsin River, northeast of Avoca and southeast of Richland Center. As of the 2020 census, its population was 189.

## History

The name Gotham came from Captain Myron Wheeler Gotham (1842-1902), who once resided in the village. Gotham died with his sons, Lucius and Myron, during a violent storm in the Great Lakes in 1902.
# Gothadi

Gothadi is a village development committee in Palpa District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4797 people living in 750 individual households.
# Sphaerium bequaerti

Sphaerium bequaerti is a species of bivalve in the Sphaeriidae family. It is found in Burundi, the Central African Republic, Malawi and Tanzania. Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes.
# Glycerophthora

Glycerophthora is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae. It contains the species Glycerophthora clavicularis, which is found in Malaysia.
The larvae feed on Garcinia mangostana. Pupation takes place in a white silken cocoon.
# Glen Auldyn

Glen Auldyn is a narrow valley about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long on the Isle of Man, with a river of the same name. This flows in a NNE direction and flows into the River Sulby not far from its estuary, near Ramsey. It is entirely within the parish of Lezayre. The lower one-third of the valley is inhabited and is partly followed by the B16 road. This section is overlooked by Sky Hill.
The middle section of the valley contains a ribbon of mature oak woodland.
The valley contains the small church of St Fingan.
In the valley is an underground reservoir with a capacity of around 6,800 cubic metres (240,000 cu ft) which supplies the north and east of the island.
# Glutamate formimidoyltransferase

Glutamate formimidoyltransferase is a methyltransferase enzyme which uses tetrahydrofolate as part of histidine catabolism. It catalyses two reactions:
* 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate <=> tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate
* 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate <=> tetrahydrofolate + N-formyl-L-glutamate
It is classified under EC 2.1.2.5 and in mammals is found as part of a bifunctional enzyme that also has formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase activity.

## Structure

The formiminotransferase (FT) domain of formiminotransferase-cyclodeaminase (FTCD) forms a homodimer, with each protomer comprising two subdomains. The formiminotransferase domain has an N-terminal subdomain that is made up of a six-stranded mixed beta-pleated sheet and five alpha helices, which are arranged on the external surface of the beta sheet. This, in turn, faces the beta-sheet of the C-terminal subdomain to form a double beta-sheet layer. The two subdomains are separated by a short linker sequence, which is not thought to be any more flexible than the remainder of the molecule. The substrate is predicted to form a number of contacts with residues found in both the N-terminal and C-terminal subdomains. In humans, deficiency of this enzyme results in a disease phenotype.
# Glutamate carboxypeptidase

Glutamate carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17.11, carboxypeptidase G, carboxypeptidase G1, carboxypeptidase G2, glutamyl carboxypeptidase, N-pteroyl-L-glutamate hydrolase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    Release of C-terminal glutamate residues from a wide range of N-acylating moieties, including peptidyl, aminoacyl, benzoyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, folyl and pteroyl groups
This zinc enzyme is produced by pseudomonads, Flavobacterium sp. and Acinetobacter sp.
# Spike Magazine

Spike Magazine is an internet cultural journal which began in 1995, founded by its editor Chris Mitchell in Brighton, England. Updated monthly, its motto is "picking the brains of popular culture", though it has an intellectual inclination.

## Description

The focus of the magazine is mainly literary, and it features an extensive and eclectic back catalogue of book reviews, all available from the site's front page. It also includes features on a variety of subjects (including cinema and politics), music reviews, interviews, and the ongoing "blog" journal Splinters
Spike has had contributors from around the world over the years making for very varied outlooks. The general tone however tends towards the counter-cultural, controversial and left-wing, with a frequent championing of lesser-known writers. Nonetheless, Spike has managed to obtain interviews with a variety of big-name authors over the years, including J. G. Ballard, Will Self, Jeff Noon, Iain Banks, Hubert Selby Jr, Gitta Sereny, P. J. O'Rourke, Quentin Crisp, Nick Hornby, and Julie Burchill.
It contains separate sections devoted to news on Ballard, Noon, Self and Irvine Welsh.
Some of the main writers over the years have been Chris Mitchell himself, Stephen Mitchelmore, Ben Granger, Ismo Santala (the former three also having been regular contributors to the Splinters blog), Chris Hall, Gary Marshall, Eric Saeger, Ian Hocking, Robin Askew, Nick Clapson, Jayne Margetts, Craig Johnson, Katrina Gulliver, Nathan Cain, Nick Clapson, Dan Coxon and Adam Baron.
Spike Magazine ceased to run new articles in 2012, but the archive is still available online.
# Spilarctia procedra

Spilarctia procedra is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1907. It is found on Sumatra in Indonesia.
# Glyphodes aniferalis

Glyphodes aniferalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1909. It is found in South Africa and Uganda.
# Graham Hurst

Graham Hurst may refer to:
* Graham Hurst (cricketer) (born 1960), former English cricketer
* Graham Hurst (footballer) (born 1967), English former footballer
# Spellbound (Ahmed Abdul-Malik album)

Spellbound is the sixth and final album by double bassist Ahmed Abdul-Malik featuring performances recorded in 1964 and originally released on the Status label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Thom Jurek of Allmusic says, "Spellbound isn't as groundbreaking as some of Abdul-Malik's earlier work, but it doesn't need to be: by this point, he had successfully melded jazz with Middle Eastern sounds into a seamless -- if somewhat exotically textural -- whole. The band fires on all cylinders under his inspired direction, making this a fitting sendoff to him as a bandleader. Musically, he saved one of his best for last.".

## Track listing

* "Spellbound" (Miklós Rózsa) – 4:57
* "Never On Sunday" (Manos Hatzidakis) – 5:13
* "Body and Soul" (Johnny Green, Edward Heyman, Robert Sour, Frank Eyton) – 7:14
* "Song of Delilah" (Victor Young, Ray Evans) – 7:02
* "Cinema Blues" (Ahmed Abdul-Malik) – 8:15

## Personnel

* Ahmed Abdul-Malik – bass
* Ray Nance – cornet, violin
* Seldon Powell – tenor saxophone, flute
* Paul Neves – piano
* Hamza Aldeen – oud
* Walter Perkins – drums
# Glycerol-1-phosphatase

The enzyme glycerol-1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.21) catalyzes the reaction
    glycerol 1-phosphate + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ glycerol + phosphate
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name is glycerol-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include α-glycerophosphatase, α-glycerol phosphatase, glycerol 3-phosphatase, glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase, and glycerol 3-phosphate phosphohydrolase. This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism.
Among the organisms that have been shown to express this enzymatic activity are A. thaliana (plant) via the AtSgpp and AtGpp gene products; D. salina (alga); S. cerevisiae (fungus) via the GPP1/RHR2/YIL053W and GPP2/HOR2/YER062C gene products; C. albicans (fungus) via the GPP1 gene product; M. tuberculosis (bacteria) via the rv1692 gene product; and C57BL/6N mice and Wistar rats (mammals) via the PGP gene product.
# Glyphostoma pilsbryi

Glyphostoma pilsbryi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Clathurellidae.

## Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 8 mm and 15 mm.

## Distribution

G. pilsbryi can be found from the eastern coast of Florida to Campeche Bank. The minimum recorded depth is 91 m. The maximum recorded depth is 183 m.
# Glyptotheque

A glyptotheque is a collection of sculptures. It is part of the name of several museums and art galleries.
The designation glyptotheque was coined by the librarian of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, derived from the Ancient Greek verb glyphein (γλύφειν), meaning "cut into stone". It was an allusion to the word pinacotheca (from πίναξ pinax, "panel" or "painting"). Glypton (γλυπτόν) is the Greek word for a sculpture.
Museums that today bear this name or cognates of it include:
* Glyptothek, in Munich, Germany
* Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, in Copenhagen, Denmark
* National Glyptotheque, in Athens, Greece
* Gliptoteka, in Zagreb, Croatia