OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Magnetic Signal Company

The Magnetic Signal Company was an American company based in Los Angeles, California, focused on railway signalling. The company was the manufacturer of the ubiquitous "Magnetic Flagman" wigwag railroad crossing (or level crossing) signal, seen all over California and the western states.

## History

The company was established sometime after 1910, and received its first patent, on May 19, 1914. Its general offices and factory were located at 3355 East Slauson Avenue in Vernon, an industrial area just south of downtown Los Angeles. It was an ideal location for a company that would eventually supply over 7,000 wig-wag signals in the US and the world, because it had excellent rail access for not only shipping its products out, but also for bringing in the raw materials needed to manufacture its products. The Union Pacific's old Los Angeles and Salt Lake line to the harbor ran just east of the location, and the main lines of the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe ran by just north of there as well. That probably had a great deal to do with those three railroads being some of Magnetic Signal's biggest customers.
In its heyday, the Magnetic Signal Company not only manufactured wigwag signals, but also the alternating-flasher type railroad signals, reflectorized "Railroad Crossing" signs, button reflectors for highway signs, traffic island beacons, curb beacons, flasher relays, automobile and bicycle reflectors, and even a "Portafount" portable drinking fountain. The company had sales offices in New York, Chicago, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, Seattle and Washington, D.C.
Although it is known that the signal department of the Pacific Electric Railway developed the first wigwags in 1909, under the direction of Albert Hunt, it is not known when the Magnetic Signal Company became a separate entity. What is known is that it soon became a subsidiary of the American Brake Shoe and Foundry Company of Los Angeles, which also owned National Bearing Metals Corporation and the Canadian Ramapo Iron Works. It remained a subsidiary of American Brake Shoe until it was purchased by the Griswold Signal Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota, sometime in the late 1940s. At that time, the offices and factory on Slauson Avenue were closed down and relocated to Minneapolis.
The Magnetic Signal Company was sold to the Griswold Signal Company of Minneapolis shortly after WWII. Production of new signals continued until 1949, and replacement parts until 1960.
# George Metcalf

George Metcalf may refer to:
* George Metcalf (footballer) (1885–?), English footballer
* George E. Metcalf (1879–1956), British missionary
* George R. Metcalf (1914–2002), American publisher, news editor, author and politician
* George Metcalf Johnson (1885–1965), American writer who wrote under the name George Metcalf
# Downey

Downey may refer to:

## People

* Downey (surname)
* Robert Downey Jr.

## Places

* Downey, California, US
* Downey, Idaho, US
* Downey, Iowa, US

## Businesses

* W. & D. Downey, photographic studio
* Downey Studios, created out of a former Boeing plant

## Schools

* Downey High School
* Thomas Downey High School

## Downy

* Downy (fabric softener)
* Downy Birch
* Drooping Brome (Downy Brome)
* Downy Emerald
* Downy Hawthorn
* Downy Hempnettle
* Downy mildew
* Downy Oak
* Downy Serviceberry (disambiguation)
* Downy Woodpecker
* Downs syndrome
# Caniglia

Caniglia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jeremy Caniglia (born 1970), American figurative painter and illustrator, primarily in fantasy and horror genres
* Yano R Caniglia (1924-2013) Restaurateur https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mister_C's
* Maria Caniglia (1905–1979), Italian dramatic soprano
# Lakeview Spring, Indiana

Lakeview Spring is an unincorporated community in Tippecanoe Township, Kosciusko County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.
# Gina Glantz

Gina Glantz (born c. 1943) is a veteran political strategist and American Democratic campaign manager, field director, and consultant.
Glantz grew up in Westfield, New Jersey and raised her children in Ridgewood, New Jersey.
Glantz was senior advisor to Andy Stern, president of the Service Employees International Union. She was a fall 2009 Resident Fellow at the Institute of Politics at the Harvard Kennedy School. Glantz previously served as national campaign manager for Bill Bradley in the 2000 US Presidential election.
Glantz chairs the Planned Parenthood Action Fund and serves on the board of Demos, a nonpartisan public policy research and advocacy organization. and the National Leadership Advisory Council of the Association of American Colleges and Universities.
In 2014, she launched GenderAvenger.com, a non-profit organization that ensures women are represented in the public dialog.
# HMS Rhododendron

Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Rhododendron, after the flower:
* HMS Rhododendron (1917) was an Anchusa-class sloop launched in 1917 and sunk in 1918.
* HMS Rhododendron (K78) was a Flower-class corvette launched in 1940 and sold in 1947 for mercantile service as Maj Vinke.
# Kvadehuksletta

Kvadehuksletta is a plain located on the outermost part of the peninsula of Brøggerhalvøya on the west coast of the island of Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway. It takes its name after Kvadehuken, the outermost part of the peninsula. It is again a Norwegianization of the Dutch "Quade hoek", which means bad corner.
During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Norsk Polar Navigasjon proposed building an airport at Kvadehuksletta.
# Magnetic Reference Laboratory

Magnetic Reference Laboratory (MRL) is an American company founded in 1972. They produce and sell calibration tapes for analog audio magnetic tape reproducers in the open reel format. It was announced on 11 November 2023 that the company would cease business on 1 December 2023.
On December 7, 2023 MRL announced via their website that the company will in fact remain open, with "new offices, and new leadership, with MRL engineer Jeff McKnight taking on the role of Interim CEO."

## Origins

In 1972 (Jay) John G. McKnight was laid off from Ampex, as was (Tony) Antonio Bardakos, who was making the calibration tapes for Ampex at the time. Along with Ed Seaman (also an ex-Ampex employee), McKnight and Bardakos decided to start their own calibration tape business, and thus Magnetic Reference Lab (MRL) was born in 1972.

## Products

MRL makes a wide variety of calibration tapes (a tape that "contains test signals used to calibrate a tape reproducer so that it will conform to the accepted standards") that are sold world-wide. Examples of available test signals include:
* Multifrequency (general purpose, for setting reproducer gain, azimuth, and frequency response from 32 Hz to 20 kHz)
* Polarity Calibration
* Special signals for Sound Technology or for Audio Precision measurement systems
* Fast Swept-frequency for use with an oscilloscope
* Slow Swept-frequency for use with a plotter
* Single frequencies
* Broadband pink noise
* Broadband white noise
* Chromatic Sweep for use on a reproducer's VU meter

## Customers

MRL's calibration tapes are used by anyone who wants to have their analog audio magnetic tape reproducer properly calibrated, including:
* Professional music studios
* Radio stations
* Audio departments at major universities
* Theme parks
# Gitanjali Literary Prize

The Gitanjali Literary Prize is a Franco-Indian literary award established in 2012. It was founded by the Mohsen Hachtroudi Foundation and CHG Earth Group (a hotel company in India). A Francophone author and an Indian author each receive a prize which includes a Gitanjali Medal, a literary sojourn of 15 days, and a translation of the work. The French book will be edited in India by an Indian editor and the book in any of the Indian languages will be published by a French editor. Any Francophone country is eligible as are many of the major Indian regional languages. The prize is open to all works and genres that correspond to the theme of the year. The prize is named for the collection of poems Gitanjali (1910) by Nobel-laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
Fariba Hachtroudi is a Francophone writer of Iranian origin, President of the MoHa Foundation and co-founder of the prize, she said: "The prize has two aims: to contribute to the promotion of the French language in India and also to the promotion of Indian works in France. Works by noted Indian writers not only in English, but in other regional languages like Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Bengali will also be eligible."

## Winners and nominees

Blue ribbon = winners
2012 Theme: Resistance, Independence, Freedom
* Indian: Poomani, Agnaadi (Tamil)
** T.K. Rama, V Positive (Malayalam)
** Manisha Kulshreshtha, Shigaf (Hindi)
* Francophone: Lyonel Trouillot, Une Belle Amoure Humaine (Haiti)
** Cécile Oumhani, L’atelier des streson (France)
** Khaled Osman, Le Caire a corps perdu (France)
# Download This Song

"Download This Song" is the second single from MC Lars' first studio album, The Graduate, and features Jaret Reddick of Bowling for Soup. The song uses sampling from Iggy Pop's "The Passenger".
In early 2006, this song was featured on the pop culture CBC Radio show Definitely Not the Opera during an exposé on geeks. It charted at number 29 on the Australia ARIA charts.

## Fight versus RIAA

MC Lars, and the Nettwerk Music Group, became involved in a lawsuit that the RIAA filed against David Greubel, a man from Texas, United States, who allegedly had committed copyright infringement through peer-to-peer filesharing over 600 music files, including "Sk8r Boi" by Avril Lavigne, another Nettwerk client. Greubel's 15-year-old daughter Elisa contacted MC Lars, citing the "Download This Song" lyric, "they sue little kids downloading hit songs", and saying that she could identify with the song due to her family's situation. In response, Nettwerk, which denounced the suit, announced that it would pay all of the family's legal fees, as well as any fines should the family lose. Furthermore, they arranged for representation for the family by Chicago lawyer Charles Lee Mudd Jr., who had previously defended other people subpoenaed by the RIAA.

## Music video

The music video was featured on TiVo in early 2007. Parts of the music video parody the common iTunes commercial with blacked-out figures dancing on a color background. It also shows numerous people listening to music on iPods and Sony PSPs, including a punk kid, skaters, and people at a gym.

## Track listing

* "Download This Song"
* "Hot Topic Is Not Punk Rock" (featuring The Matches)
* "Rockstar"
* "Download This Song" (music video)

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 29 |
# Bibio venosus

Bibio venosus is a species of fly in the family Bibionidae. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Lakeview Tithing Office

The Lakeview Tithing Office, also known as the Bunnell Creamery, is a historic building located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Description

The Lakeview Tithing Office was constructed in 1899. Originally serving as a creamery, it eventually became a hub for members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and an important symbol of their faith.
This structure is only one story high, and is made of brick. It has a roof that is a mix between a gable roof and a hip roof, and possesses a stone foundation and a false front. The detailing of the home includes corbelling of the upper edge, rock-faced shoulder arches, and jigsaw cut elements in the wooden arches. There have been no major changes to the building, and it remains in good condition.
The Lakeview Tithing office is one of twenty eight tithing offices in Utah for the LDS Church, which buildings functioned between 1850 and 1910. These facilities served for church members to be able to collect, store, and distribute the farm products donated as tithing, for at the time, agricultural products comprised most of what people worked for and earned. Serving as a node for economic activity and welfare, the Lakeview tithing office was a vital building for many of the city's early inhabitantsy who belonged to the LDS church.

## History

Built in 1899 by Leslie L. Bunnell, the Lakeview Tithing office, operated as a creamery for several years before being a tithing office. The first creamery in Lakeview, this building was involved in the producing and selling of cheese and butter, and the selling of milk. The Bunnell family, consisting of five children, lived inside the creamery in the room located on the west end. In 1904, an adjoining house was built, and the family relocated. Subsequently, the Bunnells sold the creamery to the Lakeview ward of the LDS church, who deemed to use it as a tithing office. The Bunnell family re-purchased the building back in approximately 1920 for use as a granary and occasionally to rent the west room out.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Giovanni Francesco Arcasio

Giovanni Francesco Arcasio (23 January 1712 – 25 November 1791) was an Italian jurist, who taught civil law at the University of Turin from 1749 to 1791.

## Biography

Arcasio was born in Bisagno, studied in Turin where he obtained a degree in law in 1733. He was also facile with Latin and erudite in Ancient Roman law. In 1743, King Carlo Emmanuele III named him professor of civil law. He wrote extensive commentaries on law: Commentaria iuris civilis (1782, 1784). A conservative and contemplative man, every year he would retreat for a month to a Camaldolese monastery. He was a member of the local scholarly societies of Sampaolina and Filopatria. In 1777, he was named Senator.
# Söğütcük, Ilgaz

Söğütcük is a village in the Ilgaz District of Çankırı Province in Turkey. Its population is 30 (2021).
# Steven J. van Enk

Steven Jacob van Enk (born 1965) is a physicist on the faculty of the University of Oregon whose fields of study are theoretical quantum information and quantum optics.

## Early life and education

Born in 1965 in Veenendaal, the Netherlands, Steven J. van Enk lived in Holland until 1993. He earned a Ph.D. at the Universiteit Leiden in 1992.
Van Enk is a national FIDE Master chess player.

## Career

Van Enk held postdoc positions at the MaxPlanck Institute of Quantum Optics, at the University of Innsbruck, and at Cal Tech, where he worked with H. Jeff Kimble, a leading theorist in quantum information. Van Enk was then a member of the technical staff at Bell Labs for six years.
In 2006 van Enk joined the University of Oregon Physics Department, where he became a full professor in 2009. His work has been partially supported by N.S.F. grants.

## Selected publications

* Chou, C. W.; de Riedmatten, H.; Felinto, D.; Polyakov, S. V.; van Enk, S. J.; Kimble, H. J. (December 2005). "Measurement-induced entanglement for excitation stored in remote atomic ensembles". Nature. 438 (7069): 828–832. arXiv:quant-ph/0510055. doi:10.1038/nature04353. ISSN 1476-4687.
* van Enk, S. J.; Hirota, O. (July 13, 2001). "Entangled coherent states: Teleportation and decoherence". Physical Review A. 64 (2): 022313. arXiv:quant-ph/0012086. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.64.022313.
* van Enk, S. J. (December 29, 2005). "Single-particle entanglement". Physical Review A. 72 (6): 064306. arXiv:quant-ph/0507189. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.72.064306.
* van Enk, S. J.; Beenakker, C. W. J. (March 16, 2012). "Measuring Tr ρ n Single Copies of ρ Using Random Measurements". Physical Review Letters. 108 (11): 110503. arXiv:1112.1027. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.110503.
* van Enk, S. J.; Pike, R. (August 6, 2002). "Classical rules in quantum games". Physical Review A. 66 (2): 024306. arXiv:quant-ph/0203133. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.66.024306.

## Awards, honors

* 2010 American Physical Society Fellow, cited "For pioneering contributions in theoretical quantum information and quantum optics, including entanglement verification, quantum communication and teleportation, and angular momentum of photons."
# Karamanlı

Karamanlı can refer to:
* Karamanlı, Burdur, Turkey
* Karamanlı, Çivril, Turkey
* Karamanli Turkish, a dialect of Turkish language
# Entraigues

Entraigues is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:
* Entraigues, in the Isère department
* Entraigues, in the Puy-de-Dôme department
* Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue, in the Vaucluse department
* Antraigues-sur-Volane, in the Ardèche department
* Égliseneuve-d'Entraigues, in the Puy-de-Dôme department
# Giovanni di Niccolò Mansueti

Giovanni di Niccolò Mansueti (also known as Giovanni Mansueti; c. 1465 – March 26, 1527) was an Italian painter.
Little is known of his biography. He was active in Venice from 1485 to 1526. A pupil of Gentile Bellini, he worked in the antique style in the Miracles of the Cross painted around 1496-1502 for the Scuola Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista and now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia. In style he resembles Cima da Conegliano and Vittore Carpaccio. One of his paintings resides in a church near Bagni di Lucca, Italy.

## Sources

* Links to other Mansueti Biographies and images of works at ArtCyclopedia.com
* Giovanni Mansueti on Artcyclopedia
* This article about an Italian painter born in the 15th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Big 12 basketball tournament

The phrase Big 12 basketball tournament may refer to:
* Big 12 men's basketball tournament
* Big 12 women's basketball tournament
# Lake Francis

Lake Francis may refer to:

## United States

* Lake Francis, in Dobbins, Yuba County, California
* Lake Francis (Murphy Dam), in Coös County, New Hampshire
* Lake Francis (South Dakota), in Deuel County, South Dakota
# Goldie (eagle)

Goldie was a male golden eagle who lived at London Zoo in England during the 1960s. He caused a nationwide sensation when he escaped for 12 days in February 1965.
Goldie flew away from his keepers on 28 February 1965 while his cage was being cleaned. He avoided being recaptured for nearly two weeks, despite a massive effort using equipment borrowed from the Royal Navy and Civil Defence Corps. Goldie spent most of the time in Regent's Park, which surrounds the zoo, but he also made excursions into the nearby neighbourhoods of Camden Town, Tottenham Court Road and Euston.
Goldie's escape enthralled the British public. The zoo received thousands of phone calls and letters, and large crowds gathered in Regent's Park to watch the bird's keepers trying to catch him. There were severe traffic jams in the area as drivers circled the park, watching Goldie in flight.
The saga was closely covered by the media. On a BBC television programme, the reporter John Timpson unsuccessfully tried to lure Goldie by playing an Ethiopian bird pipe. Goldie was also mentioned during a debate in the House of Commons, where Members of Parliament greeted his name with cheers.
While free, the predatory bird killed and ate a duck in the garden of Winfield House, official residence of the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom, within Regent's Park. Goldie also attacked two terriers in the park, but was driven off by their owner.
Goldie was finally caught on 11 March after the zoo's deputy head keeper tempted him to earth with a dead rabbit. He was in good health after his experience and was reunited with his mate, Regina. The zoo's attendance nearly doubled in the days after his return.
Goldie escaped once again on 15 December 1965, and was recaptured on 20 December 1965 at 4:20 am.
On 8 March 1985, Goldie was sent to the Falconry Centre in Newent, and died there on or about 23 March 1986.
# Söğütlü

Söğütlü is a municipality and district of Sakarya Province, Turkey. Its area is 145 km$^2$, and its population is 14,724 (2022). The mayor is Koray Oktay Özten (AKP).

## Composition

There are 23 neighbourhoods in Söğütlü District:
* Akarca
* Akçakamış
* Akgöl
* Beşdeğirmen
* Camicedid
* Fındıklı
* Gündoğan
* Hasanfakı
* İmamlar
* Kantar
* Karateke
* Küçüksöğütlü
* Kurudil
* Levent
* Mağara
* Maksudiye
* Orta
* Rüstemler
* Sıraköy
* Soğucak
* Tokmaklıdere
* Türkbeylikkışla
* Yeniköy
# Unzipped

Unzipped may refer to:
* Unzipped (film), a 1995 documentary film
* Unzipped (TV series), a comedy British television programme
* Unzipped, a 2001 television news magazine hosted by Catherine Clark
* Unzipped, a monthly gay pornographic magazine owned by LPI Media
* Unzipped, a 1999 book by Bronwyn Donaghy
* Unzipped: A Toolkit for Life, a 2007 book by Matt Whyman
* Unzipped, a 2007 memoir by Suzi Quatro
* Unzipped, a 1995 EP by Low Pop Suicide
* Unzipped, a 1998 comedy album by Pat Paulsen
# Steven Jackson (fullback)

Steven Jackson (born May 11, 1984, in Columbia, South Carolina) is a former American football fullback. He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Clemson.
Jackson has also been a member of the Carolina Panthers, Denver Broncos and Kansas City Chiefs.

## College career

Jackson played defensive tackle earning freshman all conference honors at East Tennessee State University before transferring to Clemson.
# Giardino dell'Iris

Giardino dell'Iris is a botanical garden specializing in the cultivation of iris flowers, symbol of Florence since 1251. It is located on the corner of Viale dei Colli and Piazzale Michelangelo in Florence, Italy, and open daily without charge from May 2–20 every year.
The garden is owned by the Società italiana dell'Iris, who hosted the annual "International dell'Iris" in 1954. Then with help from the local town council, 2 acres of land was made available for the garden. Donations made by many foreign growers including the Presby Memorial Iris Gardens in New Jersey, helped fund the project. Specialists, botanists, hybridizers, horticulturists from various foreign countries visit and work in the Garden for the scientific interest of the Iris. The garden is also open to the public.
To enter, the international Competition for the best varieties of Iris, the 'Premio Firenze', Iris growers and breeders from around the world send their best flowers to the garden from June to September every year, where they are planned and cultivated for 3 years before they are reviewed by an international jury. Winners then get a gold Florin.
It is almost entirely devoted to iris plants, with more than 1,500 (variously 2,500) varieties on display during the annual competition, including the winners of recent years. The garden contains olive groves, a pond is for the cultivation of aquatic varieties and provides an excellent view of Florence and its surrounding hills.
# Dressed in Black: A Tribute to Johnny Cash

Dressed in Black: A Tribute to Johnny Cash is, as the title suggests, a tribute album to country singer Johnny Cash, released on the Dualtone label on September 17, 2002. It features several of Cash's most well-known songs, such as "Ring of Fire" and "Folsom Prison Blues", as well as a number of more obscure compositions like "I'm Gonna Sit on the Porch and Pick on My Old Guitar" and "Pack Up Your Sorrows". Various artists contributed cover versions to the album; these include Hank Williams III, The Reverend Horton Heat and Raul Malo, but the focus is primarily on less popular artists, as opposed to Kindred Spirits, the second tribute album released around the same time.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

## Personnel

* Mandy Barnett, Kelly Willis - vocals
* Rodney Crowell, Robbie Fulks, Chris Knight, Bruce Robison, Hank Williams III - vocals, acoustic guitar
* Eddie Angel, Billy Burnette, Rosie Flores, James Intveld, Raul Malo, Redd Volkaert - vocals, electric guitar
* Chuck Mead - vocals, acoustic and electric guitar, producer, guitar effects
* Dale Watson - vocals, guitar
* Earl Poole Ball - vocals, piano
* David Roe - vocals, acoustic bass, producer
* Billy Block - vocals, drums
* Damon Bramblett - acoustic guitar
* Kenny Vaughan - acoustic and electric guitar
* Ken Coomer, Al Esis, W.S. Holland, Jimmy Lester, Tom Lewis, Jerry Roe, Maxwell Schauf, Shaw Wilson - drums
* Tammy Rogers - viola

### Additional personnel

* Paul Gannon - engineer
* Hank Williams - mastering
* Gina R. Binkley - design
* Johnny Cash - liner notes

## Chart performance

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 53 |