OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bin bug

The term "bin bug" was coined in August 2006 by the British media to refer to the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chips by some local councils to monitor the amount of domestic waste created by each household. The system works by having a unique RFID chip for each household's non-recycling wheelie bin (such households have two bins: one for general waste and one recycling bin). The chip is scanned by the dustbin lorry and, as it lifts the bin, records the weight of the contents. This is then stored in a central database that monitors the non-recycled waste output of each household.

## History

In August 2006, it was reported that five Ulster councils had installed chips in household wheelie bins, and that three more local councils were about to trial the technology. Paul Bettison, the chairman of the Local Government Association's environment board, said that if pilot schemes received approval from the government and were successful, weighing schemes could be commonplace across the country within two years. While some councils informed the householders of their intentions to monitor their waste output many others did not. Worcester City Council, for example, detailed their plans through local newspaper Worcester News in August 2005. Aberdeen City Council kept the scheme quiet until a local newspaper ran the story; the council declared no intention to operate or bring the system online but did not rule out future use. Some councillors said that the purpose of the "bin bugs" was to settle disputes about the ownership of the bins, but others mentioned that the system is a trial and means that they are more prepared should the government introduce a household waste tax. The tax would be in the form of a charge for households that exceed set limits of non-recycled waste. With recycling in the UK amongst the lowest percentage in Europe at 18%, a new tax scheme would have the intention of encouraging domestic recycling and meeting European landfill reduction targets.
Each RFID chip costs around £2, with each scanning system costing around £15,000. The Local Government Association (LGA) provided £5 million to councils to fund 40 pilot schemes. They are supplied by two rival German companies: Sulo and Deister Electronic. Mr Bettison said that although removing a device from a bin "would not break any law", in the future a local authority might have grounds to refuse to empty the bin.

## European Directives

The motivation behind the RFID chips are to monitor the production of landfill waste so that councils can comply with the European Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC. "" The standard regulating RFID tags for the waste industry is EN 14803 Identification and/or determination of the quantity of waste.

## Removing the bug

The RFID tag is located in a recess under the front lip of the bin, either as a self-contained unit or behind a plastic cap.
There is some debate as to the legality of removing the RFID chip.
# Jotun

Jotun may refer to:
* Jötunn, a type of entity in Germanic mythology
* Jotun (company), a Norwegian company
* "Jotun", a song by In Flames
* Jotun (video game), a 2015 video game developed by Thunder Lotus Games
# Bill Farmer (disambiguation)

Bill Farmer (born 1952) is an American voice actor and comedian.
Bill, Billy, or William Farmer may also refer to:
* Bill Farmer (public servant) (born 1947), an Australian public servant and policymaker
* Bill Farmer (baseball) (1864–1928), a professional baseball player
* William M. Farmer (1853–1931), an American jurist and politician
* William R. Farmer (1929–2000), an American professor of theology
* William Wood Farmer (1813–1854), lieutenant governor of Louisiana from 1853–1854
* William Farmer (runner), a participant in the 2009 Laugavegur Ultramarathon
* Billy Farmer, a character in the comic The Leopard from Lime Street
# Joseph W. Dorsey

Joseph W. Dorsey may refer to:
* Joseph Dorsey (politician), American politician from Pennsylvania
* Joseph Dorsey (baseball), American baseball pitcher and outfielder
# Bill Paterson (diplomat)

William Paterson PSM is a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. He served as the Australian Ambassador to the Republic of Korea until the end of 2016.

## Early life

Paterson was born in Ballarat, Victoria. He received a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from the University of Melbourne.

## Career

Before taking up his position in Korea he was First Assistant Secretary, International Security Division in Canberra and Australian Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism. Prior to this, Paterson was the head of the Australian Government's Iraq Task Force and Anti-Terrorism Task Force.
Paterson has previously served as Ambassador to Thailand, Minister at the Australian Embassy in Tokyo, Counsellor at the Australian Embassy in Washington and in earlier postings to Vienna, Baghdad and Dhaka. He was also Chief of Staff to Foreign Minister Alexander Downer in 2000.
Paterson was awarded the Public Service Medal in 2004 and the Humanitarian Overseas Service Medal in 2005.
# Billey

Billey is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Billezois

Billezois (Occitan, Bilhasés) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

## Geography

* Billezois in the canton of Lapalisse (before March 2015).
* Billezois in the Pays de Lapalisse intercommunality.
* Billezois on the map of Cassini (end of the 18th century).

## Population

Its inhabitants are called Billezoissians (Billezoissiens), or Bizellois.
# José de la Riva-Agüero y Looz-Corswarem

José Carlos Fulgencio Pedro Regalado de la Riva-Agüero y Looz Corswarem (Brussels, Belgium, 25 May 1827 – Lima, Peru, 16 August 1881) was a Peruvian politician and diplomat.
He was the son of José de la Riva Agüero, Marquess of Montealegre de Aulestia, first President of Peru, and the Belgian princess Caroline-Arnoldine de Looz-Corswarem.
He studied at the Université de Louvain. In 1858, Riva-Agüero was elected Alternate Deputy of the Congress for Huarochirí and Deputy of the Constituent Congress two years after.
Member of the Civilista Party, was Minister of Finance in 1872, Minister of Foreign Affairs and member of the Senate of Peru. He served as Ambassador to Belgium, as well as to France.
# Josiah Bleakley

Josiah Bleakley (c. 1754 – 22 January 1822) was a Canadian fur trader from Lower Canada.
Bleakley was an important member of the fur trade industry during his period of activity which was definitely in place by 1774. He was a contemporary of James McGill although he never achieved that type of stature in the trading community.
# Carlos de Almeida Baptista Júnior

Carlos de Almeida Baptista Júnior (born 5 September 1960 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian military, Lieutenant-Brigadier of the Air, and Commander of the Brazilian Air Force. Baptista Júnior became commander in April 2021, replacing Antonio Carlos Moretti Bermudez.

## Personal life

Baptista Júniore joined the Air Force on 3 March 1975 and was promoted to Lieutenant Brigadier in 2018. He is son of the Former Commander of the Air Force, Lieutenant-Brigadier of the Air, Carlos de Almeida Baptista, who was in command between 1999 and 2003.

## Military Awards

* Order of Defence Merit (Grand Officer)
* Order of Aeronautical Merit (Grand Officer)
* Order of Naval Merit (Grand Officer)
* Order of Military Merit (Grand Officer - Grande-Oficial)
* Order of Military Judiciary Merit (Grand Officer)
* Santos-Dumont Merit Medal

## Notelist

* ↑ Portuguese: Ordem do Mérito da Defesa - Grande-Oficial
* ↑ Portuguese: Ordem do Mérito Aeronáutico - Grande-Oficial
* ↑ Portuguese: Ordem do Mérito Naval - Grande-Oficial
# Carlos da Silva Costa

Carlos da Silva Costa (born November 3, 1949, in Oliveira de Azeméis) is a Portuguese economist who served as Governor of the Bank of Portugal from June 7, 2010 to July 20, 2020, when he was succeeded by Mário Centeno.

## Career

Carlos Costa started his career in 1973 as a lecturer in economics at the University of Porto and graduated there. Following his graduation he continued his studies at Sorbonne and then in 1981 went to the former Banco Português do Atlântico, now Banco Comercial Português (BCP), research department. As a senior attaché in the Portuguese Permanent Representation to the EU and a member of the EU's economic policy committee from 1986 to 1992, he was engaged in European integration before becoming chief of staff of the Portuguese European Commissioner João de Deus Pinheiro from 1993 to 1999.
Prior to his appointment to the European Investment Bank, Costa had positions on the board of directors at Caixa Geral de Aposentações, a bank for pension funds, Banco Nacional Ultramarino and Itaú Unibanco holdings.

### European Investment Bank, 2006–2010

In 2006 Costa became vice president of the European Investment Bank under the leadership of president Philippe Maystadt. He was responsible for the banks' funding financing operations in Spain, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg, as well as in Asia and South America. He was also a member of the Committee of European Securities Regulators.

### Banco de Portugal, 2010–2020

On 22 April 2010 Costa was nominated for a five-year-term by the Portuguese government, recommended by the Finance minister Teixeira dos Santos. He replaced Vítor Constâncio, who became vice president of the European Central Bank on June 1, 2010.
In this capacity, Costa also holds the following positions:
* European Central Bank (ECB), Ex-Officio Member of the Governing Council and member of the ECB Supervisory Board
* European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB), Member of the General Board
* Financial Stability Board (FSB), Member of the Regional Consultative Group for Europe
* International Monetary Fund (IMF), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors
* National Council of Financial Supervisors, Chairman
* School of Economics and Management of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Chairman of the Consultative Council

## Controversy

In early 2016, Prime Minister António Costa caused controversy by attacking Costa and the central bank for being “irresponsible” by “dragging out” a decision over compensation claimed by commercial paper investors hit by the collapse in 2014 of Banco Espírito Santo (BES). The Left Bloc (BE) and the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) openly called for Costa to resign. The attacks triggered a political storm over what the centre-right opposition described as a “shameful” attempt to interfere in the regulator's independence.
# Caroline Santos

Caroline Gomes dos Santos (born 6 February 1996) is a Brazilian taekwondo athlete. She won a silver medal at the 2019 World Taekwondo Championships on the women's lightweights.
# Caroline Samuel

Caroline Samuel (1 November 1822 – 15 March 1851) was a Belgian composer, pianist, and the first teacher of her brother, composer Adolphe Samuel.
Samuel was born into a musical family in Liege, Belgium. Although only two years older than her brother Adolphe, she was his first music teacher. Samuel herself studied with Joseph Daussoigne-Mehul at the Royal Conservatory of Liege, where she won several prizes: second prize for piano in 1833; first prize for piano in 1835; and first prize for harmony in 1836.
Before dying prematurely at age 29, Samuel earned money to support her mother and sisters by performing on piano. Her compositions were published by Lahou (Brussels).

## Works

* Two Fantasies (piano)
* Melodies (voice and piano)
# Bis vs. the D.I.Y. Corps

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Bis vs. the D.I.Y. Corps is the fourth extended play musical recording by the Scottish indie pop band Bis. It was the first release on Bis's very own Teen-C Recordings label. Soon after the group signed to Wiiija in the UK and Grand Royal in the US. It reached number forty-five on the UK Singles Chart in June 1996.
It was released on 7 inch vinyl, cassette tape and compact disc. When listing this release or the song "This is Fake D.I.Y." Bis just as often use the last period in the acronym D.I.Y. as they don't.
"This is Fake D.I.Y." is an attack on the commercialization of independent music such as the popular practice of major labels using subsidiaries such as Indolent and Food to promote artists as independent or alternative. The song also takes aim at wider marketing practices such as coloured vinyl, 'free' posters and multi-part CD sets. However, the group took on some of the marketing practices they criticised for their 1999 singles "Action and Drama" and "Detour".
“This Is Fake D.I.Y.” inspired the naming of the UK publication DIY.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Bis

## Personnel

* Miss A.
* J. Disco
* Peach Belly Boy
* Richie - Recording

## Charts

| Chart (1996) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart | 45 |
| Scottish Singles Chart | 47 |
| UK Rock & Metal (OCC) | 1 |
# Joyce Sutphen

Joyce Sutphen (born August 10, 1949) is an American poet who served as Minnesota's Poet Laureate from 2011 to 2021. She was the state's second laureate, appointed by Governor Mark Dayton in August, 2011 to succeed Robert Bly. Sutphen is professor emerita of English at Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota.

## Life

Sutphen was raised in Saint Joseph, Minnesota, and currently resides in the city of Chaska. She holds degrees from the University of Minnesota, including her Ph.D. in Renaissance Drama.
Her first book of poetry, Straight Out of View (Beacon Press, 1995), won the Barnard New Women's Poets Prize. Her second, Coming Back to the Body (Holy Cow! Press, 2000), was a finalist for a Minnesota Book Award, and her third, Naming the Stars (2004), also from Holy Cow! Press, won the Minnesota Book Award in Poetry.
In 2005, Red Dragonfly Press published a fine press edition of Fourteen Sonnets. Her poems have appeared in American Poetry Review, Poetry, The Gettysburg Review, Water~Stone, Hayden's Ferry, Shenandoah, Luna.

## Prizes

* 1994 Barnard Women Poets Prize
* 2005 Minnesota Book Award for Poetry
# José Adolfo Mojica Morales

José Adolfo Mojica Morales (September 26, 1936 – March 2, 2012) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sonsonate, El Salvador.
Ordained to the priesthood in 1964, Mojica Morales became bishop in 1989, retiring in 2011.
# Birkmyre RFC

Birkmyre RFC is a rugby union side based in Kilmacolm, Inverclyde, Scotland. The club was founded in 1976. They play their home games at Birkmyre Park in Kilmacolm.

## History

The club has a large focus on attracting youth members with currently 250 junior players registered at the club. Glasgow Warriors players have help train Birkmyre RFC juniors in the past.
The club received the SRU's prestigious Team of the Month award in 2010; and the club president received it at Murrayfield in front of a sell-out crowd there to watch Scotland play South Africa. Birkmyre was only the second Western region club to receive that honour in its existence. The club received the award for a number of points:- its excellent disciplinary record; installing floodlights; new gym and training facilities; community work; sponsorship of local events; midi and mini sections; and its development of youth teams.
Work has been undertaken to increase the drainage at the rugby pitches at Birkmyre Park. This has cost £400,000.

## Notable former players
### Men

| Stephen Speirs - victim of the Bali Bombing in 2002. | Ruaraidh Hart - Glasgow Warriors player |

### Women

| Louise McMillan | Siobhan McMillan |

## Honours

* Clydesdale Sevens
** Champions: 1995
* Strathendrick Sevens
** Champions: 1986
# Carole Basri

Carole Basri is an American filmmaker and lawyer of Iraqi Jewish descent. Most of her productions focus on the History of the Jews in Iraq as she documents her ancestral roots and discusses Jewish traditions in Iraq.

## Work

* The Last Jews Of Bagdad; End Of An Exile Beginning Of A Journey
* Searching for Baghdad: A Daughter’s Journey
# Carmi Township, White County, Illinois

Carmi Township is located in White County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 6,770 and it contained 3,271 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.42 square miles (94.3 km$^2$), of which 35.95 square miles (93.1 km$^2$) (or 98.71%) is land and 0.47 square miles (1.2 km$^2$) (or 1.29%) is water.
# Jozef Nuttin

Jozef Nuttin (1933–2014) was a Belgian psychologist who discovered the name-letter effect, the strong preference people have for letters in their own name. The idea for the psychological experiment to assess if there is an effect came to him in around 1978 when he noticed he liked car license plates that contained letters of his name. He was a scientist working for the Laboratorium for Experimental Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium, a lab he had founded in 1963. In 1985 he published his name-letter research. He and others have since found the effect independent of language. After a few years of relative obscurity, this effect is now used in psychological tests as a measure of implicit self-esteem. Nuttin died in 2014.
# Benso Oil Palm Plantation

Benso Oil Palm Plantation is a Ghanaian oil palm plantation and company, based at the Adum Banso Estate in the Western Region of Ghana. The company is listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange, its symbol is (BOPP). It was founded in 1978 and was listed in the Ghana Stock exchange GSE in 2004 and is involved with the production and processing of crude palm oil CPO for refining and a host of industrial uses. Benso Oil Palm Plantation Limited is a Ghana-based company engaged in the business of growing oil palm. The Company owns over 5,000 hectares of oil palm plantation in Ghana. The Company is a subsidiary of Wilmar International Limited.
# Aircar

Aircar may refer to:
* Compressed-air car
* Flying car
** Klein Vision AirCar, a flying car designed by Štefan Klein
* Curtiss-Wright Model 2500 Aircar
* AirCars, a 1997 video game developed by MidNite Entertainment Group Inc.
# Siege of Bactra

The siege of Bactra was a siege of the Hellenistic period that lasted from 208 to 206 BC. It was a siege of the city of Bactra by the Seleucid Empire after they defeated the Greco-Bactrians at the Battle of the Arius.
The Seleucids besieged the capital of Bactria until concerning news from the west of his dominions and lack of progress against the city led the Seleucid ruler Antiochus III to negotiate a peace treaty with the Bactrian king Euthydemus and lift the siege. It was agreed that Antiochus would recognize Euthydemus as an ally, and he gave one of his daughters as a wife to Demetrius, Euthydemus' heir.

## Siege and peace

The Greco-Bactrians had recently been defeated at the Battle of the Arius by Antiochus III. After this defeat, Euthydemus retreated to Zariaspa, a district of Bactra. The Greco-Bactrians were able to hold out long enough against Antiochus until his fortunes in the west deteriorated.
After two years' laying siege to Bactra, Antiochus' fortunes to the west of his empire had deteriorated to the point where he decided to withdraw from the siege. Euthydemus then sent his son, Demetrius, as his representative to negotiate a peace treaty. Impressed at Demetrius' behaviour and bearing which was seen as worthy of that of a member of the royalty, Antiochus offered him one of his daughters and agreed to a peace treaty.
As a part of the peace treaty, Euthydemus gave Antiochus elephants which Antiochus, along with his own, may have used at the Battle of Magnesia.
# MSC Cordoba

MSC Cordoba is a container ship built in 2008 by the Daewoo Mangalia Heavy Industries in Mangalia, Romania and currently operated by Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. She is the sixth ship delivered to the Swiss company in a series of 12 ordered. The 54,549 DWT ship has a container capacity of 4,860 TEUs.
# Lascelles (1807 ship)

Lascelles was launched at Hull. She was a general trader, sailing to the Baltic, the Mediterranean, and the Americas. In 1809 she successfully repelled a larger privateer in a single-ship action. She wrecked in 1822.

## Career

She appeared in Lloyd's Register for 1808 with R. Nicholson, master, Lampl_gh, owner, and trade Hull–Baltic.
Lloyd's Register for 1810 showed Lascelles with J. Spence, master, "Lampl'gh", master, and trade Liverpool−Malta.
Lloyd's List reported on 20 October 1809 that Lascelles had arrived at Palermo after an engagement with a French privateer. Lascelles had one man killed and her master and five more men wounded. The engagement occurred on 7 August off the island of Galitor. It lasted for about an hour and a half before the privateer gave up and sailed away. The passengers helped man the guns. There were no fatalities on Lascelles, but Captain Spence and four men were injured, Spence and one man in particular being badly burned.
The Register of Shipping for 1815 showed Lascelles with Rotherford, master, Cookes & Co., owner, and trade London–Naples.
On 13 December 1817 Lascelles, Rutherford, master, came into Gibraltar. The day before, as she was sailing from London, a privateer from Buenos Aires fired on her and forced her to stop near Cape St Mary's.. The privateer was armed with 18 guns and had a crew of 150 men, not including officers. The privateer examined Lascelles's log book and cargo, and then permitted her to proceed.
The Register of Shipping for 1823 showed Lascelles, with Stonehouse, master, Dougall, owner, and trade Liverpool–Brazils. She had undergone small repairs in 1815 and 1821.

## Loss

On 15 November 1822 Lascelles, Stenhouse, master, was on her way into Liverpool from Maranham when a gale rising to a hurricane caught her and totally destroyed her near Southport. Her crew drowned; some 400–500 bags of cotton were saved. The wreck happened at night and in addition to her crew of 15, she had a Liverpool pilot on board.

## Citations

* 1 2 Lloyd's Register (1810), Seq. №L78.
* 1 2 Register of Shipping (1815), Seq.№L138.
* ↑ Lloyd's Register (1808), Supple. pages "L", Seq. №L11.
* ↑ Lloyd's List №4400.
* ↑ Williams 1897, pp. 421–2.
* ↑ Lloyd's List №5142.
* ↑ Register of Shipping (1823), Seq.№L137.
* ↑ Lloyd's List №5752.
* ↑ Southport World: Shipwrecks – accessed 19 May 2018.
# Lee I. Levine

Lee I. Levine is an American-born Israeli rabbi, archaeologist and historian of classical Judaism. He is a strong believer in the ability of the Jewish people and Judaism to adapt to local settings as a key to survival. He is the author of Judaism and Hellenism in Antiquity and The Ancient Synagogue, one of the most comprehensive texts on the subject.
Levine is a professor of Jewish history and archaeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He received degrees at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS), where he was ordained as a Conservative rabbi, and Columbia University. He was a student of Gerson Cohen.
In 1961, Levine married Mira Karp, whom he met at Camp Ramah. Levine has also taught at Yale University and the Seminary of Judaic Studies in Jerusalem. He has directed several archaeological digs, among them a dig in Caesarea and the excavation of the Hurvat Amudim Synagogue.

## Published work

* The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years, Second Edition, Yale University Press, 2005
* Jerusalem: Portrait of the City in the Second Temple Period (538 B.C.E.-70 C.E.), Jewish Publication Society of America, 2003
* Judaism and Hellenism in Antiquity: Conflict or Confluence?, Hendrickson Publishers, 1999
* Rabbinic Class of Roman Palestine in Late Antiquity, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1990
# Ecgberht of Northumbria

Ecgberht of Northumbria may refer to:
* Ecgberht I of Northumbria (deposed 872; died 873)
* Ecgberht II of Northumbria (reigned 876–878×883)