OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Springfield Township, LaGrange County, Indiana

Springfield Township is one of eleven townships in LaGrange County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,158 (down from 1,179 at 2010) and it contained 453 housing units.

## History

Springfield Township was founded in 1834.
The John O'Ferrell Store at Mongo was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.9 square miles (93 km$^2$), of which 35.59 square miles (92.2 km$^2$) (or 99.14%) is land and 0.31 square miles (0.80 km$^2$) (or 0.86%) is water.
# Tbilisi Jazz Festival

The Tbilisi Jazz Festival (Georgian: თბილისის ჯაზ-ფესტივალი) is an annual international jazz festival held in Tbilisi, Georgia, which, along with Batumi's Black Sea Jazz Festival, is the country's main jazz event. It was first held in 1978 and became an annual event in 2000. Its traditional venue is the Tbilisi Concert Hall.

## History

The first edition of the Tbilisi Jazz Festival was organized as "All-Soviet Jazz Festival" in 1978, when Georgia was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union. Bringing together 23 bands from 13 Soviet cities, it was attended by nearly 30,000 people and was one of the largest jazz events held in the Soviet Union. The festival recurred in 1986—reported by Billboard as an "outstanding success" and a boost to jazz in the Soviet Union—and 1989. Being dormant in post-Soviet Georgia for a decade, the festival was revived in 2000. Since then, it has been held annually. In the 2000s, the festival broadened its scope, including blues, soul, and rock artists, both Georgian and international.
# Wernekinck

Wernekinck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Franz Wernekinck (1764–1839), German physician and botanist
* Friedrich Christian Gregor Wernekinck (1789–1835), German anatomist, son of Franz
# Cary Vaughan

Cary Vaughan is an American English language instructor and journalist best known for her role in the Terry A. Anderson hostage crisis in Lebanon.
An instructor at the American University of Beirut and a part-time worker at Associated Press bureau there, Vaughan and her husband Bill Foley, an AP photojournalist, were friends with Anderson. Following his abduction by Hezbollah militants, they worked toward his release. For their efforts, they received two of the first International Press Freedom Awards from the Committee to Protect Journalists in 1991.
# Swimming at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's 400 metre freestyle S7

The Women's 400 metre freestyle S7 event at the 2020 Paralympic Games took place on 29 August 2021, at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre.

## Final

400m freestyle final :
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
# F. A. Mann

Frederick Alexander Mann, CBE, FBA, QC (Hon.) also known as Francis Mann (11 August 1907 – 16 September 1991) was a German-born British jurist. A solicitor in private practice for most of his career, he was nevertheless one of the most influential legal scholars of his generation, being a noted authority on international law and the law of money.

## Biography

Mann was born in Frankenthal, Rhenish Palatinate, Germany, the son of a Jewish lawyer. He was educated at the University of Geneva, the University of Munich, and the University of Berlin, where he took a DrJur. In 1933, Mann and his wife moved to the United Kingdom, in response to the Nazis' assumption of power.
In the United Kingdom, Mann first worked as a consultant in German law. He also studied at the London School of Economics, obtaining an LLM in 1936. He published, in 1938, The Legal Aspect of Money, the first systematic study of the law of money in English, having first submitted it to the University of London for the LLD. The work was the first systematic study of the subject in English, in addition of being one of the first books by a living author to be quoted in court, tradition hitherto dictating that only works by deceased jurists could be used.
During the Second World War, Mann became an enemy alien, although he was not interned because the local police force refused to do so. In 1946, he was naturalized as a British subject. The same year, he returned to Germany as a member of the Legal Division of the Allied Control Council.
Having previously been unable to practice law because of his alien status, Mann became a solicitor in 1946, becoming a partner of the firm Hardman, Phillips and Mann, which merged with Herbert Smith in 1958. At the same time, he published extensively on international law, in addition to his work as a solicitor. Notably, he appeared as counsel for Belgium in the Barcelona Traction case.
Mann was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1974 and appointed CBE in 1980. He received the Great Cross of Merit of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1977. In 1991, he became the first solicitor to be appointed an honorary Queen's Counsel.
Of Mann, Lord Denning wrote that "Of all my learned friends, Francis Mann is the most learned of all".

## Selected publications

* The Legal Aspect of Money. London: Oxford University Press. 1938. Retrieved 30 May 2024 – via Internet Archive.
* Studies in International Law (1973)
* Foreign Affairs in English Courts (1986)
* Further Studies in International Law (1990)
# Grimsby Chums

The Grimsby Chums was a British First World War Pals battalion of Kitchener's Army raised in and around the town of Grimsby in Lincolnshire in 1914. When the battalion was taken over by the British Army it was officially named the 10th (Service) Battalion, The Lincolnshire Regiment. It was the only 'pals battalion' to be called 'chums'.
When the call came from Lord Kitchener for volunteers, the headmaster of Wintringham Grammar School in Grimsby decided to raise a 250-strong company of former pupils which would be based at the armoury of the school's Officer Training Corps. The company was offered to the local Territorial Force unit, the 5th Battalion, Lincolnshire Regiment, but by then the battalion was full. When other Grimsby men expressed a wish to join, the process was handed over to the town council which set about recruiting sufficient men to form an entire battalion for 'Kitchener's Army'. Men were accepted from neighbouring towns such as Boston, Louth and Scunthorpe. In order to complete the battalion, a group was sent from Wakefield in Yorkshire.
The Grimsby Chums joined the 101st Brigade of the 34th Division where they were joined by the two battalions of the Edinburgh City Pals. The division moved to France in January 1916 and first saw action in the Battle of the Somme. On 1 July 1916, the first day on the Somme, the Grimsby Chums were in the first wave attacking the fortified village of La Boisselle, just south of the Albert–Bapaume road. To aid their attack, a massive mine, known as the Lochnagar mine, was detonated beneath the German trenches at 7.28 am, two minutes before Zero hour. At 7.30 am, the Grimsby Chums rushed forward to occupy the crater. Here many were trapped for the rest of the day, harassed by both German and British artillery.
A few of the Grimsby Chums made it into the German trenches. The only officer to make it was 2nd Lieutenant Harold P. Hendin who led five men to the German reserve trench (the third trench in the front-line system) and, gathering stragglers as the day progressed, he held off a series of German counter-attacks before having to retire. In total the Grimsby Chums suffered 502 casualties on 1 July; 15 officers and 487 other ranks. Only two of the officers came back unwounded, and only about 100 men.
In February 1918 the battalion moved to the 103rd Brigade, 34th Division. The 10th Battalion was disbanded on 3 June 1919.
A memorial in St James' Church, Grimsby, was erected to the memory of the 810 members of the 10th (Service) Battalion who were killed in action or died on service.
# Edel 540

The Edel 540 is a French sailboat, that was designed by Maurice Edel and first built in 1974. It was marketed as the Edel 545 in France and is sometimes referred to as the Edel 5.

## Production

The design was built by Construction Nautic Edel in France and also at its Canadian subsidiary, Edel Canada. Between 1974 and 1983 a total of 2500 examples were completed. The boat is now out of production.

## Design

The Edel 540 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop, a raked stem, a vertical transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 1,711 lb (776 kg) and carries 331 lb (150 kg) of ballast.
The boat has a draft of 2.29 ft (0.70 m) with the standard keel fitted. The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.
The design has a hull speed of 5.15 kn (9.54 km/h).

## Operational history

In a review Michael McGoldrick wrote, "...The 540 tends to compete with the Sandpiper 565, and it is a step up from those small sailboats that come with a minimalist cuddy cabin. In fact, they claim that the Edel 540's cabin has room to sleep 4 people, but this is probably more of an indication that there is sufficient room to sleep two adults in reasonable comfort. For its size, this 18 footer has a very wide beam (8 feet, or 2.44m). While the Edel 540 has a fix keel with 331 pounds of ballast, the wide beam provides for a lot of stability. It's nice looking boat and it tends to appeal to people who want a pocket cruiser that truly looks like a little yacht."
# Lanzia

Lanzia is a genus of fungi within the family Rutstroemiaceae.
The genus name of Lanzia is in honour of Matteo Lanzi (1824-1908), who was an Italian doctor, botanist (Mycology and Algology) and diatom researcher. He worked as a lecturer at the University in Rome.
The genus was circumscribed by Pier Andrea Saccardo in Bot. Centralbl. vol.18 on pages 218 and 306 in 1884.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Lanzia:
* Lanzia allantospora
* Lanzia antarctica
* Lanzia australis
* Lanzia blumenaviensis
* Lanzia cantareirensis
* Lanzia caryopsicola
* Lanzia castanopsidis
* Lanzia coracina
* Lanzia cuniculi
* Lanzia eburnea
* Lanzia equiseti
* Lanzia fibrilosa
* Lanzia flavoaurantia
* Lanzia flavorufa
* Lanzia glenii
* Lanzia guangxiensis
* Lanzia helotioides
* Lanzia huangshanica
* Lanzia kosciuszkoensis
* Lanzia longipes
* Lanzia luteovirescens
* Lanzia minuta
* Lanzia moniliformae
* Lanzia novae-zelandiae
* Lanzia ovispora
* Lanzia parasitica
* Lanzia pteridiicola
* Lanzia reticulata
* Lanzia sinensis
* Lanzia stellariae
* Lanzia thindii
* Lanzia ulmariae
* Lanzia velutinosa
* Lanzia viburni
# Spross

Spross is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ana Lucía Spross (born 1982), Guatemalan footballer and manager
* Silvia Spross (born 1988), Swiss-born American actress
# Herminium monorchis

Herminium monorchis, the musk orchid, is a commonly occurring species of orchid. It is widespread across much of Europe and northern Asia from France to Japan, including China, Siberia, Mongolia, Ukraine, Germany, Italy, Scandinavia, etc.
It has a localised distribution in Britain; sites where it is found include Ham Hill in Wiltshire and Noar Hill in Hampshire.
# Wesley Fofana

Wesley Fofana may refer to:
* Wesley Fofana (rugby union) (born 1988), French rugby union footballer
* Wesley Fofana (footballer) (born 2000), French footballer
# FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1976 – Men's alpine combined

The Men's alpine combined competition at the 1976 World Championships was held on 14 February 1976, but it was a paper race.

## Results

Alpine Combined event was valid for the World Championships only. No Olympic medals were awarded for this event. Results from all three events of the 1976 Winter Olympics (downhill, slalom, and giant slalom) were translated into FIS points, and then added together to decide the outcome.
| # | Skier | Country | Points | Downhill | Downhill | Giant slalom | Giant slalom | Slalom | Slalom |
| # | Skier | Country | Points | FIS pts. | Time | FIS pts. | Time | FIS pts. | Time |
| 1 | Gustavo Thoni | Italy | 24.62 | 20.61* | 1:49.25 | 2.12 | 3:27.67 | 1.89 | 2:03.73 |
| 2 | Willy Frommelt | Liechtenstein | 48.97 | 18.71* | 1:48.92 | 26.03 | 3:35.71 | 4.23 | 2:04.28 |
| 3 | Greg Jones | United States | 65.84 | 12.43 | 1:47.84 | 14.43 | 3:31.77 | 38.98 | 2:12.71 |
| 4 | Wolfgang Junginger | West Germany | 70.63 | 27.66* | 1:50.48 | 26.94 | 3:36.02 | 16.03 | 2:07.08 |
| 5 | Andreas Wenzel | Liechtenstein | 75.85 | 25.38* | 1:50.08 | 27.61 | 3:36.25 | 22.86 | 2:08.73 |
| 6 | Francisco Fernadez-Ochoa | Spain | 90.09 | 35.76* | 1:51.91 | 33.03 | 3:38.12 | 21.30 | 2:08.35 |
| 7 | Miloslav Sochor | Czechoslovakia | 86.61 | 40.5- | 1:53.48 | 19.64 | 3:33.53 | 26.47 | 2:09.61 |
| 8 | Jim Hunter | Canada | 97.44 | 10.56 | 1:47.52 | 30.83 | 3:37.36 | 56.05 | 2:17.06 |
| 9 | Josef Ferstl | West Germany | 112.96 | 15.75 | 1:48.41 | 42.77 | 3:41.52 | 54.44 | 2:14.34 |
| 10 | Sumihiro Tomii | Japan | 144.56 | 18.48 | 1:48.88 | 65.68 | 3:49.73 | 60.40 | 2:18.67 |
| 11 | Ivan Penev | Bulgaria | 166.42 | 55.96 | 1:55.56 | 50.06 | 3:44.10 | 60.40 | 2:18.19 |
| 12 | Roman Derezinski | Poland | 183.61 | 60.14 | 1:56.33 | 76.49 | 3:53.71 | 46.98 | 2:14.73 |
| 13 | Jose Luis Koifman | Chile | 246.12 | 59.98 | 1:56.30 | 96.74 | 4:01.35 | 89.40 | 2:25.97 |
| 14 | Dan Cristea | Romania | 258.44 | 56.34 | 1:55.63 | 106.93 | 4:05.29 | 95.17 | 2:27.57 |
| 15 | Brett Kendall | New Zealand | 319.02 | 82.68 | 2:00.57 | 103.74 | 4:04.05 | 132.60 | 2:38.38 |
| 16 | Carlos Font Puig | Andorra | 435.95 | 88.81 | 2:01.75 | 157.13 | 4:25.65 | 190.01 | 2:56.52 |
| - | Juan Manuel Fernández Ochoa | Spain | 51.79? | 28.5- | 1:52.40 | 23.29 | 3:34.77 | DNF R1 | |
| - | Bohumir Zeman | Czechoslovakia | 63.56 | 32.15 | 1:51.27 | 31.41 | 3:37.56 | DNF R1 | |
| - | Alan Stewart | United Kingdom | 93.55 | 28.12 | 1:50.56 | 65.43 | 3:49.64 | DSQ R1 | |
| - | Mikio Katagiri | Japan | 98.93 | 25.09 | 1:50.03 | 73.84 | 3:52.73 | DNF R1 | |
| - | Jaime Ros | Spain | 115.90? | 44.6- | 1:53.50 | 71.30 | 3:51.79 | DNF R1 | |
| - | Robert Blanchaer | Belgium | 136.73 | 49.06 | 1:54.30 | 87.67 | 3:57.90 | DNF R1 | |
| - | Luis Rosenkjer | Argentina | 160.29? | 29.8- | 1:50.87 | 61.36 | 3:48.16 | DNF R1 | |
| - | Kalhor Ghorban Ali | Iran | 191.48 | 75.22 | 1:59.15 | 116.26 | 4:08.95 | DNF R1 | |
| - | Spiros Theodorou | Greece | 328.68 | 163.47 | 2:17.08 | 165.21 | 4:29.08 | DNF R1 | |
| - | Thomas Karadimos | Greece | 372.56 | 152.39 | 2:14.69 | 220.17 | 4:53.63 | DNF R1 | |
# Edel Ace

The Edel Ace is a South Korean single-place, paraglider that was designed and produced by Edel Paragliders of Gwangju. It is now out of production.

## Design and development

The Ace was designed as an advanced and competition glider. It can be fitted with thin cross-section lines to reduce drag for competition flying.
The models are each named for their relative size.

## Variants
### Ace M

    Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its 12.7 m (41.7 ft) span wing has a wing area of 26.42 m$^2$ (284.4 sq ft), 75 cells and the aspect ratio is 6.1:1. The pilot weight range is 90 to 110 kg (198 to 243 lb). The glider model is AFNOR Competition certified.

### Ace L

    Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its 13.2 m (43.3 ft) span wing has a wing area of 28.55 m$^2$ (307.3 sq ft), 75 cells and the aspect ratio is 6.1:1. The pilot weight range is 105 to 125 kg (231 to 276 lb). The glider model is AFNOR Competition certified.

## Specifications (Ace L)

Data from Bertrand
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 13.2 m (43 ft 4 in)
* Wing area: 28.55 m$^2$ (307.3 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 6.1:1
# List of elections in 1897

The following elections occurred in the year 1897.

## Africa
### Liberia

* 1897 Liberian general election

## Asia
### The Philippines

* 1897 Philippine Supreme Council elections

## Europe
### Austria-Hungary

* Election of the Imperial Council (Austria) → de:Reichsratswahl 1897
* Cisleithanian legislative election

### Croatia

* 1897 Croatian parliamentary election

### The Netherlands

* 1897 Dutch general election

### Italy

* 1897 Italian general election

### Norway

* 1897 Norwegian parliamentary election

### Portugal

* 1897 Portuguese legislative election

## North America
### Canada

* 1897 Edmonton municipal election
* 1897 Newfoundland general election
* 1897 Nova Scotia general election
* 1897 Quebec general election

### United States

* 1897 United States gubernatorial elections
* 1897 New York state election
* United States Senate special election in South Carolina, 1897
* United States Senate election in New York, 1897

## Oceania
### Australia

* 1897 Western Australian colonial election

### New Zealand

* 1897 Awarua by-election
* 1897 City of Dunedin by-election
* 1898 Mataura by-election
* 1897 Wellington Suburbs by-election
# Mount Lawrence

Mount Lawrence (67°51′S 62°31′E﻿ / ﻿67.850°S 62.517°E﻿ / -67.850; 62.517) is a peak, 1,230 metres (4,040 ft) high, just north of Mount Coates in the David Range of the Framnes Mountains, Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for J. Lawrence, a diesel mechanic at Mawson Station in 1959.
# Spencer Smith Park

Spencer Smith Park is a park in downtown Burlington, Ontario located on the shore of Lake Ontario. It was named in memory of Spencer Smith, a former president of the Burlington Horticultural Society who was instrumental in the development of the park system throughout the city. It is home to the Sound of Music Festival, Canada's Largest Ribfest and the Burlington Beer Festival. It has a small beach and plenty of walking paths along Lake Ontario.
The City of Burlington Waterfront Project opened in early June 2006. It is home to Spencer's, a restaurant with a capacity of more than two hundred diners, with a large patio are entirely made of glass offering beautiful views of Lake Ontario and Lakeshore Road. The Centennial Pond features ice skating in the winter months, and is used as a model sailboat pond in the summer. The Dofasco Waterjet plaza also opened in late July 2006 and offers a water play area for children with jets spraying water in the air, as well as a playground.
Along the walking path, across from the water, there is a Navy Memorial which recognizes the Canadian seamen that served in the Second World War. "Royal Canadian Naval Association Naval Memorial (1995)" by André Gauthier is a 6’4" high-cast bronze statue of a World War II Canadian sailor in the position of attention saluting his lost shipmates, which was erected in Spencer Smith Park. The model for the statue was a local Sea Cadet wearing Mike Vencel's naval service uniform. On the black granite base, the names of Royal Canadian Navy and Canadian Merchant Navy ships sunk during World War II are engraved.
On June 16, 2013, during the annual Sound of Music Festival and Fathers' day, the 137 meter long attraction Brant Street Pier officially opened to the public as a part of the park. The pier is designed with a walkway, raised platform and a beacon.
# Teatro Brancaccio

The Teatro Brancaccio (i.e. "Brancaccio Theater"), also known as Politeama Brancaccio, is a 1,300-seat theatre and cinema located in Esquilino, Rome, Italy.
It was inaugurated in 1916 with the name Teatro Morgana and since 1937 it was used also as a cinema. After some years of decline the theater, owned by the City of Rome, was restored and reopened in 1978.
# West Bromwich Charity Cup

The West Bromwich Friendly Societies Charity Cup, better known as the West Bromwich Charity Cup, was a football competition for teams from the West Midlands region, though at least one team from outside the area (Everton) also participated.
In 2014 three medals awarded to West Bromwich Albion reserve player Stan Amos, including his 1924 West Bromwich FSCC winner's 9-carrat gold medal, were sold at auction.

## Winners

| Date | Winner | Score | Runners–up | Venue | Attendance |
| 21 May 1888 | West Bromwich Albion | 10–1 | Great Bridge Unity | Stoney Lane | 6,500 |
| 1 June 1889 | West Bromwich Albion | 2–0 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | Stoney Lane | 3,000 |
| 17 May 1890 | West Bromwich Albion | 1–1 | Aston Villa | Stoney Lane | 4,000 |
| 30 May 1891 | West Bromwich Albion | 3–2 | Wednesbury Old Athletic | Stoney Lane | 5,000 |
| 21 November 1892 | Everton | 2–0 | West Bromwich Albion | Stoney Lane | 3,500 |
| 15 October 1894 | West Bromwich Albion | 1–0 | Everton | Stoney Lane | 5,000 |
| 13 January 1896 | Everton | 2–1 | West Bromwich Albion | Stoney Lane | 3,500 |
| 15 February 1897 | West Bromwich Albion | 2–1 | Everton | Stoney Lane | 3,000 |
| 29 November 1897 | Everton | 1–1 | West Bromwich Albion | Stoney Lane | 5,000 |
| (R) 18 April 1898 | Everton | 4–0 | West Bromwich Albion | Goodison Park | 12,000 |

## Footnotes

* ↑ The trophy was shared.
# Carta Valley, Texas

Carta Valley is a small unincorporated community in southwestern Edwards County, Texas, United States, in the western part of the state.

## Population and location

Carta Valley had a population of 12 in 2000. It is located on U.S. Highway 377, 32 miles (50 km) southwest of Rocksprings.

## History

The town is named after Ed Carta, an early settler. The town became populated in 1898. A post office was established in 1907, a year after W.A. Varga opened a store and became the postmaster. Some time before 1913, a local school was opened.
The height of the town's population was in the 1960s when the population reached an estimated 150. At that time, there were five businesses. The town currently has a population of 12. (2000).
# Swalaba

Swalaba is a neighborhood in Ghana’s capital city Accra. It is located in the city center between Korle Woko and Jamestown. Its population is mainly from the Ga tribal group, but houses also members of Hausa, Ewe, and Akan. Its narrow streets called "lungu lungu" makes Swalaba resemble a labyrinth and it is known to be difficult to get around for anyone not familiar with the area. The people of Swalaba are viewed as friendly, hospitable but also with a penchant for being direct and espouse a no nonsense attitude.
* This Greater Accra location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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