OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Arthur Curran

Charles Arthur Curran (1913–1978) was a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus and psychologist who is best known as the creator of Community Language Learning (CLL), a method in education and specifically in Second Language Teaching.
He was a central member of the psychology faculty at Loyola University Chicago, and a counseling specialist.

## Career

Curran received a Doctorate in Psychology from Ohio State University in 1944.
As a psychologist and educator, he worked along with Carl Rogers, and took certain principles from person-centered therapy and applied them to the field of education.
In 1952, Curran proposed the essential idea of the "Counseling-Learning" approach, or "counselearning". He incorporated counseling techniques that take into account the students' feelings toward their learning experience, and are meant to lower the affective filter. In the early 1970s he proposed Community Language Learning as a method based on his approach. His views, which were mostly promoted and tested by his students Paul G. La Forge (1971) and Taylor (1979), among others, gained particular attention and prominence in the 1980s & 1990s through the work of Jennybelle P. Rardin (1994), Keiko Komimy (1994) and Katherine M. Clarke (1989).
As a priest, he wrote several books in which he addressed the topic of institutionalized religious education, and the theological concept of sin compared to the sense of guilt in psychotherapy.
Part of the problem of the human condition, in Curran's view, was the "mechanized concept of man," or the idea that man is merely a machine, something that he saw as the result of industrialism and scientism, and criticized. In his writings, he advocated a change in the "approach to the human person" or a "return to a more ancient unified view of man".

## Works
### Books

* Personality Factors in Counseling (1945)
* Counseling in Catholic life and education (1952)
* A Catholic Psychologist Looks at Pastoral Counseling (1959)
* The concept of sin and guilt in psychotherapy (1960)
* Counseling and Psychotherapy: The Pursuit of Values (1968)
* Religious Values in Counseling and Psychotherapy (1969)
* Psychological Dynamics in Religious Living (1971)
* Counseling-learning: A Whole-person Model for Education (1972)
* Counseling-learning in Second Languages (1976)
* Understanding: An essential ingredient in human belonging (1978)

### Papers

* "Religious Factors and Values in Counseling: Counseling, Religion and Man (1958). The Catholic Counselor and Readings. Volume 3, Issue 1, pages 3–24, Autumn
* Some Ethical and Scientific Values in the Counseling Therapeutic Process (September 1960). Personnel and Guidance Journal. 39:15-29.
* Counseling, Psychotherapy, and the Unified Person (1963). Journal of Religion and Health.
* Religious Factors and Values in Counseling: Counseling, Religion and Man
# Lakhtar railway station

Lakhtar railway station is a railway station on the Western Railway network in the state of Gujarat, India. Lakhtar railway station is 21 km far away from Surendranagar railway station. Two Passenger, two Express, and one Superfast trains halt here.

## Nearby stations

Bajrangpura is the nearest railway station towards Surendranagar Junction, whereas Kesariya Road is the nearest railway station towards Viramgam Junction .

## Trains

Following Express and Superfast trains halt at Lakhtar railway station in both direction:
* 22945/46 Saurashtra Mail
* 19570 Veraval–Mumbai Central Express
# Luca Valdesi

Luca Valdesi (born 18 June 1976 in Palermo, Italy) is a Karate world champion in both Team and Individual Kata events. Valdesi began his study of Karate at age six, under the guidance of his father Andrea, at several city gyms.

## Overview

In 1995 Valdesi joined the prestigious Karate team of the Fiamme Gialle (the Italian Financial Police). National call-ups began immediately for Valdesi. Soon after the national call-ups, the first international wins arrived, initially with the Karate team of the Fiamme Gialle. Soon after, Valdesi began winning events as an individual. Valdesi has been winning the Italian Individual Championship since 1995 and the European Senior Championship since 2000.
Valdesi is trained by the general coach of the Fiamme Gialle Karate Team, Claudio Culasso and by the general coach of the FIJLKAM National Team, Professor Pierluigi Aschieri, as well as his father, who looks after Valdesi during training sessions and at competitions.

## Outside karate

In 2001, Valdesi married dancer Ada Spinella. In February 2004, Valdesi's son, Andrea was born. In November of the same year, Valdesi completed a degree in business economics, crediting his success to the support from his family.
# Tectaria gemmifera

Tectaria gemmifera, the snail fern, is a species of fern in the family Tectariaceae. It is native to Africa from the equator southwards, and is present in the DRC, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Madagascar. Its natural habitat is deeply shaded forest floors of moist subtropical or tropical forest, and it occurs from 600 to 2,550 metres above sea level. The Latin name refers to the gemma that are produced by the fronds of this species.
# Embassy of Germany, New Delhi

The German Embassy in New Delhi is the diplomatic representation of Germany in the Republic of India. Since November 2020, the German Ambassador to India is also accredited to the Kingdom of Bhutan.

## Location and building

The embassy is located in the diplomatic district of Chanakyapuri in the Indian capital New Delhi. The diplomatic missions of Japan, Ethiopia and Canada are direct neighbors. The street address is: No. 6/50G, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021.
The embassy is located in the southwest of the city. The Ministry of External Affairs, located 4 km northeast of the embassy, can be reached in a few minutes. The Indira Gandhi International Airport is located around 8 km to the west.
The current German Embassy building in New Delhi was designed by Johannes Krahn and built between 1956 and 1962 as the first new embassy building of the Federal Republic of Germany on a park-like site. This was a reaction to the fact that India was one of the first countries to recognize the Federal Republic of Germany diplomatically after the Second World War. The Le Corbusier-inspired buildings for the chancellery and ambassador's residence form the main part of the property. Numerous extensions were added later. From 2008 to 2013, a general refurbishment was carried out in accordance with conservation principles.

## Mission

The German Embassy in New Delhi is tasked with maintaining Indo-German relations, representing German interests vis-à-vis the Government of India and informing the Federal Government of Germany about developments in India.

## History

India became independent from the United Kingdom on August 15, 1947. West Germany opened an embassy in New Delhi on April 22, 1952.
The GDR maintained an official trade mission in New Delhi from 1956, which was converted into a consulate general in 1970. On October 8, 1972, diplomatic relations were established with an exchange of ambassadors. The GDR embassy in New Delhi was closed in 1990 when the GDR joined the Federal Republic of Germany.
# Hair disc

The hair disc is a receptor complex found in hairy skin.
# Leo of Chalcedon

Leo of Chalcedon (Greek: Λεών) was an 11th-century Eastern Orthodox bishop of Chalcedon who opposed the appropriation of church treasures by Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos between 1081 and 1091.
Alexios I was in a desperate situation upon ascending the throne in 1081. With the Byzantine-Norman Wars draining what little money remained in the imperial treasury, and Robert Guiscard marching across the Balkans, Alexios was forced to assemble a synod of Greek ecclesiastics who authorised him to employ the wealth gathered as offerings in the churches for public service. This act was violently opposed by many of the clergy, with Leo, Bishop of Chalcedon being among the most prominent.
Leo declared that the government had committed sacrilege in melting down sacred objects which were entitled to the adoration of Christians. Leo's opposition forced the emperor to back down temporarily in 1082. The resumption of confiscations soon after and the lack of resistance by Patriarch Nicholas III and the other leading bishops led Leo to break communion with the patriarchate in 1084. Alexios took advantage of his claims that seemed to attribute more than orthodox importance to these objects. In 1086 another synod was convened in which the emperor's brother, the sebastokrator Isaac played a leading role, assembling the Patristic texts for the trial, and Leo's opinions were condemned as heretical. The synod indicted and deposed him before being banished to Sozopolis where the locals regarded him as a saint.
Though Alexios published a decree justifying the secularization of church treasures, the public outcry was so great that he issued a golden bull ordering restitution to be made for all the sacred plate already employed for the state, and declaring it to be sacrilege for any one in future to apply church treasures for secular uses.
Eventually Leo's teachings were condemned at the Council of Blachernae in 1094, and Leo submitted to its decisions.
# Stolen Chimney

The Stolen Chimney is a traditional multi-pitch climbing route located on the Ancient Arts tower of one of the Fisher Towers. This is the most common routes used to ascend the "corkscrew" summit of the tower (the final fourth pitch). The corkscrew summit is the westernmost summit of the Ancient Art tower but it is not the tallest. The summit is noteworthy for its unusual shape which makes the climbing experience very different from most other climbs. The unusual shape is also visually striking. Photographs of the corkscrew summit have been extensively published in many settings including mainstream advertisements.
The name of this multi-pitch route, Stolen Chimney, is often confused with the name of the tower it is on, Ancient Arts, and the name of the final summit pitch, the corkscrew. This is likely because this is by far the most popular climb on Ancient Arts and is predominantly known for the corkscrew summit.
# IBM History Flow tool

IBM's History Flow tool is a visualization tool for a time-sequence of snapshots of a document in various stages of its creation. The tool supports tracking contributions to the article by different users and can identify which parts of a document have remained unchanged throughout many full-document revisions. The tool was developed by Fernanda Viégas, Martin Wattenberg, Jonathan Feinberg, and Kushal Dave of IBM's Collaborative User Experience research group.
IBM Research has analyzed Wikipedia usage and edits using a history flow tool. The tool is no longer available for download from the IBM Research website. However, a similar tool referencing it is available on GitHub. A similar application have been released.
# Fleming, Ohio

Fleming is a small unincorporated community in rural eastern Barlow Township, Washington County, Ohio, United States.
Located along State Route 550 between Barlow and Marietta, it is surrounded by farmland dotted with occasional trees. It lies near the Wayne National Forest. The headwaters of Wolf Creek, a stream that meets the Muskingum River at Waterford to the north, flow near Fleming.

## History

Fleming was laid out in 1853. A post office called Fleming was established in 1866.
# Kapp Starostin Formation

The Kapp Starostin Formation is a geologic formation in Norway. The layers span around 27 million years of the Permian period; and it preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# Lake Lucero

Lake Lucero is a playa located within that section of the Tularosa Basin that is contained within White Sands National Park in the U.S. state of New Mexico. The playa is noted for the unusually high quantity of water-deposited and wind-deposited gypsum dissolved in its intermittent waters. Annual evaporation cycles have caused much of the gypsum to precipitate into crystals of impure, brownish selenite that line the alkaline mudflats of the lakeshore. The further process of gypsum erosion abrades the fragile selenite, and other precipitated gypsum, into the pure-white sands covering most of the national park.
Lake Lucero is located in a section of the National Park, the Zone of Cooperative Use, to which access is typically restricted for reasons of U.S. military security. Periodic guided tours, supervised by the National Park Service, give interested parties an opportunity to pay brief visits to the lake and adjacent arid desert.
The nearest communities offering tourism facilities are Las Cruces and Alamogordo. U.S. route 70 passes approximately five miles southeast of the lake between Las Cruces and Alamogordo, although the playa is not visible from the road.

## History

Lake Lucero is named after two brothers, José Lucero and Felipe Lucero, who in 1897 acquired a quarter-section of water-bearing land along the south shore of the largely dry lake. The brothers, who also served as sheriffs of Doña Ana County, parlayed their homestead into a 20,000-acre (8,100 ha) ranch; the arid land could support 2,000 cattle. Eventual condemnation of the ranch helped create part of the White Sands Missile Range (1945), now also used as the Zone of Cooperative Use section of White Sands National Park.
# Ludwig Mayer (bookseller)

Ludwig Mayer (1879 Prenzlau - 1978 Jerusalem) was an Israeli merchant who opened the first modern book store in Palestine.
Mayer was born in Germany to a family of Jewish wool merchants. After apprenticing as a bookseller, he moved to Ottoman Palestine in 1908 to open a book store in Jerusalem. He returned to Germany in 1914 to fight for "Kaiser und Vaterland". After the war he stayed in Berlin and opened book-mail-order company, supplying the Technion and the Hebrew University with books from Europe and America. Following the boycott of Jewish businesses in 1933, he returned to Jerusalem and re-opened his bookstore in what is now Koresh Street. Since 1935 it is situated in the "New Armenian Building" on Queen Shlomtsion Street (formerly Princess Mary Street). Mayer's clientele included Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and David Ben Gurion.
Mayer died in Jerusalem in 1978.
# Sturgeon Lake Township, Pine County, Minnesota

Sturgeon Lake Township is a township in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 409 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 32.2 square miles (83.4 km$^2$), of which 32.1 square miles (83.2 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.2 km$^2$) (0.25%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 409 people, 124 households, and 101 families residing in the township. The population density was 12.7 people per square mile (4.9/km$^2$). There were 169 housing units at an average density of 5.3/sq mi (2.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 88.26% White, 8.07% African American, 0.98% Native American, 1.96% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.20% of the population.
There were 124 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.4% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the township, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 13.2% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 152.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $40,250, and the median income for a family was $41,538. Males had a median income of $37,813 versus $24,063 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,563. About 5.2% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
# Leo of Galicia

Leo of Galicia may refer to:
* Leo I of Galicia, king of Galicia–Volhynia (1269–1301), also known as Lev Danylovich
* Leo II of Galicia, the last Ruthenian king of Galicia–Volhynia (1308–1323), also known as Lev Yuriyovych
# HMS Calypso (D61)

HMS Calypso (D61) was a C class cruiser of the Caledon sub-class of the Royal Navy, launched in 1917 and sunk in 1940 by the Italian submarine Alpino Bagnolini. Calypso was built by Hawthorn Leslie and Company. Her keel was laid down in February 1916 and she was completed in June 1917.

## First World War

Calypso fought in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight on 17 November 1917, when she and her sister ship Caledon were part of the force that intercepted Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) minesweepers near the German coast. During the battle, Calypso's bridge was struck by a 5.9 in (150 mm) shell which killed everyone on the bridge including the captain and caused the accidental firing of a ready torpedo.

## Interwar

Calypso went to the rescue of the Greek royal family in 1922 after King Constantine of Greece abdicated and a military dictatorship seized power. The King's brother, Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark was banished for life by a revolutionary court and was forced to flee with his family, which included his 18-month-old son Philip who would later become Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. The British Government had received news of the situation, and dispatched Calypso to evacuate the family. They boarded with minimal possessions. Philip was carried on board in a cot made from an orange box. The family were taken to Brindisi, Italy, where they were put on a train to Paris.
On 2 November 1924, the destroyer HMS Venomous was steaming in the Grand Harbour upon returning to Valletta, Malta, from a cruise in the Western Mediterranean Sea when she accidentally rammed and sank a motorboat from Calypso. All four people aboard the motorboat were saved by a boat from the destroyer HMS Umpire.

## Second World War

During the early part of the Second World War, Calypso served with the 7th Cruiser Squadron on Northern Patrol duty as a blockade ship in the North Sea between Scotland and Iceland. On 24 September 1939, Calypso intercepted the German merchant ship Minden south of Iceland. The crew of Minden scuttled their ship before she could be captured. On 22 November, Calypso captured the German merchant ship Konsul Hendrik Fisser off Iceland. Following the sinking of the Rawalpindi on 23 November, Calypso was involved in the search for the German warships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. In early 1940, Calypso was sent to Alexandria in the eastern Mediterranean.
Calypso was the first British naval vessel to be sunk by the Regia Marina in the Second World War. Two days after Italy declared war on Great Britain, Calypso was on an anti-shipping patrol against Italian ships travelling to Libya when she was struck by a torpedo from the Italian submarine Alpino Bagnolini (Capitano di corvetta (Lieutenant Commander) Franco Tosoni Pittoni [it]) about 50 mi (80 km) south of Cape Lithion in Crete in the Eastern Mediterranean at 00:59 on 12 June 1940. Thirty nine sailors from Calypso perished in the sinking. The majority of her survivors were rescued by the destroyer Dainty and taken to Alexandria.
# The Snake the Cross the Crown

The Snake the Cross the Crown is an American indie/Americana band from Huntsville, Alabama signed to Equal Vision Records.

## History

Originally known as Curbside Service, the group released one album under this name, I Packed My Bags a Year in Advance, before changing to their present name. Their current name is a reference to the logo of Italian car company, Alfa Romeo. Kevin Jones' father owned a repair shop that burnt to the ground. The name is an homage to his father. They moved to Santa Barbara, California, and followed with an EP in 2003 before signing to Equal Vision, who put out a full-length from the band, Mander Salis, in 2004. The group then embarked on tours with Mewithoutyou, Armor for Sleep, Decibully, and Hot Rod Circuit; however, after rigorous touring, they became fed up with the lack of time they were able to spend writing and improving on their respective instruments, and cancelled the remainder of their touring schedule. They returned to the studio in 2006 and began to pursue a new direction, with less straight-ahead indie rock and more of a country and folk-tinged sound. The result of these efforts was released as Cotton Teeth in March 2007, by which time bassist/vocalist Carl Marshall had left the group.
On September 29, 2009 it was announced that The Snake The Cross The Crown were the subject of a documentary by filmmaker Nicholas Kleczewski called On A Carousel of Sound, We Go Round. The film premiered at the Louisville International Festival of Film on October 2, 2009. It was packaged as a two-disc DVD/CD set featuring the full-length film, plus an audio CD of 14 b-sides and newer recordings from the band. It was released on October 13, 2009 exclusively through The Snake The Cross The Crown's webstore at MerchNOW.com
On December 15, 2009, the band released a music video for the song "In Time." The video is part of the documentary film "On A Carousel of Sound, We Go Round," and the song can be found on the accompanying soundtrack.

## Members
### Current members

* Franklin Sammons - guitar, vocals
* William Sammons - piano, keyboard, programming, vocals
* Kevin Jones - guitar, vocals
* Mark Fate - drums
* Nate Higley - bass

### Former members

* Carl Marshall - bass, vocals

## Discography

* I Packed My Bags a Year in Advance (as Curbside Service, Waste of Time Records, 2002)
* Like a Moth Before a Flame (Waste of Time Records, 2003)
* Mander Salis (Equal Vision Records, 2004)
* Cotton Teeth (Equal Vision Records, 2007)
* On A Carousel of Sound, We Go Round (DVD/CD Techtronic Rocket Society / Equal Vision Records, 2009)
# Fleming, West Virginia

Fleming is an unincorporated community in Wayne County, West Virginia, United States. Fleming is located on West Virginia Route 152, 7 miles (11 km) east-southeast of Fort Gay.
# Kapp Platen

Kapp Platen is a headland at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, the northernmost point of Prins Oscars Land. The headland is named after Swedish naval officer and politician Baltzar Julius Ernst von Platen. Kapp Platen includes the mountain Havsula.
# Lake Lumao

Lake Lumao is a lake located in the Agusan Valley in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. The Agusan River is its main tributary.
With an area of about 1,680 hectares (4,200 acres), it is the tenth-largest lake in the Philippines.
# Heppneralis decorella

Heppneralis decorella is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 2013. It is found in northern Sulawesi in Indonesia.