OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clarinet Concerto (Tower)

The Concerto for Clarinet is a composition for solo clarinet and orchestra by the American composer Joan Tower. The work was commissioned by the Walter W. Naumburg Foundation for the clarinetist Charles Neidich, to whom the piece is dedicated.

## Composition

The concerto has a duration of roughly 19 minutes and is composed in one continuous movement. Tower described the piece in the score program note, writing:
   The Clarinet Concerto, which lasts about 19 minutes, is divided into three large sections (fast-slow-fast), and includes four cadenzas—two for the soloist and two for two clarinets; one of the solo cadenzas in the slow movement is accompanied by the orchestra. The work is built on two themes. The first theme, a "melodic" idea, unfolds slowly throughout the introduction. The soloist presents the second theme, which is more motivic and scalar in character. These two ideas interact throughout the Concerto, and are developed in some instances to such a degree that they are transformed into new themes, which are in turn developed. One of these later derived ideas, a chord made from the notes of the first theme, is sustained for a long time through a crescendo and diminuendo. This chord, which occurs throughout the Concerto, was borrowed from my latest orchestral work, Silver Ladders, and was in turn taken from a long-held note in the solo clarinet movement of Messiaen's Quartet for the End of Time. The Concerto ends quietly with the second half of the first theme and the long-held chord.

### Instrumentation

The work is scored for solo clarinet and an orchestra comprising two flutes (doubling piccolo), two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, trombone, bass trombone, tuba, timpani, two percussionists, harp, piano (doubling celesta), and strings.

## Reception

The music critic John Henken lauded the concerto for its "remarkable" combination of "orchestral color and solo verve." Susan Bliss of the Los Angeles Times also praised the piece, writing:
   Tower has created a powerful piece, deserving of more frequent hearing. It stands as a single movement that divides into traditional fast-slow-fast sections, dark, busy and threatening music broken by atmospheric musings which become increasingly foreboding. Relationships between solo and orchestral roles are tight and symbiotic, with some sense of pianistic improvisation (Tower began her career as a pianist), despite idiomatic and exacting scoring.
# Linearly disjoint

In mathematics, algebras A, B over a field k inside some field extension $\Omega$ of k are said to be linearly disjoint over k if the following equivalent conditions are met:
* (i) The map $A\otimes _{k}B\to AB$ induced by $(x,y)\mapsto xy$ is injective.
* (ii) Any k-basis of A remains linearly independent over B.
* (iii) If $u_{i},v_{j}$ are k-bases for A, B, then the products $u_{i}v_{j}$ are linearly independent over k.
Note that, since every subalgebra of $\Omega$ is a domain, (i) implies $A\otimes _{k}B$ is a domain (in particular reduced). Conversely if A and B are fields and either A or B is an algebraic extension of k and $A\otimes _{k}B$ is a domain then it is a field and A and B are linearly disjoint. However, there are examples where $A\otimes _{k}B$ is a domain but A and B are not linearly disjoint: for example, A = B = k(t), the field of rational functions over k.
One also has: A, B are linearly disjoint over k if and only if the subfields of $\Omega$ generated by $A,B$, resp. are linearly disjoint over k. (cf. Tensor product of fields)
Suppose A, B are linearly disjoint over k. If $A'\subset A$, $B'\subset B$ are subalgebras, then $A'$ and $B'$ are linearly disjoint over k. Conversely, if any finitely generated subalgebras of algebras A, B are linearly disjoint, then A, B are linearly disjoint (since the condition involves only finite sets of elements.)
# HNoMS Vidar

Three ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy have borne the name HNoMS Vidar, after Víðarr – Norse god of vengeance and son of Odin and the giantess Gríðr:
* HNoMS Vidar (1853) was a paddlesteam schooner
* HNoMS Vidar (1878) was a Vale-class Rendel gunboat built for the Royal Norwegian Navy at Karljohansvern Naval Yard in 1878
* HNoMS Vidar (N52) was a minelayer built in 1977, and sold to the Lithuanian Navy in 2006
# How Cool Is That

"How Cool Is That" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Andy Griggs. It was released in May 2001 as the first single from the album Freedom. The song reached #22 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Griggs, Wendell Mobley and Neil Thrasher.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 19 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 22 |
# Eristena chrysozonalis

Eristena chrysozonalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1912. It is found in India (Chennai).
# Paracleros placidus

Paracleros placidus, the western dusky dart, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Ivory Coast and Ghana. The habitat consists of grassy, shady areas in forests.
# International Institute for Prehistoric Research of Cantabria

The International Institute for Prehistoric Research of Cantabria (Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria) is a university research institute of mixed character, created by the University of Cantabria on 29 April 2004. It is sponsored by the University of Cantabria, the Government of Cantabria and the Spanish Santander central bank (Banco Santander Central Hispano). Since 2004 it has been an associated unit of the National Research Council (Institute of History at Madrid, and Institución Milá y Fontanals at Barcelona.
The current director is Manuel Ramón González Morales.
The Institute is dedicated to prehistoric research, both of basic and applied and provides technical advice within this field. A recent five-year plan (2003-2007) has defined its subject areas of focus:
* Prehistoric Art
* Paleolithic of southwest Europe
* Origin and development of rural societies
* Prehistoric Technology
Since 2005, the IIIPC has published a journal called "Monographs of the Cantabria International Institute for Prehistoric Research" (Monografías del Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria) with the technical support of the University of Cantabria Publications Service. This aims to disseminate the results of investigations and scientific output of the Institute in the field of prehistory.
# Francesco Musotto

Francesco Musotto (born 1 February 1947 in Palermo) was an Italian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Islands (elected for the first time in 1999). He is the son of Giovanni Musotto, a notable professor in criminal law at the University of Palermo and member Italian Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI).
Francesco Musotto, a former member of the PSI like his father, is currently with Forza Italia (part of the European People's Party), sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Regional Development, is a substitute for the Committee on Fisheries, and of the Committee on Transport and Tourism. He was President of the Province of Palermo from 1994 to 1995 and from 1998 to 2008.

## Career

He graduated in law in 1969, worked as a lawyer from 1974, and as a farmer from 1996. Musotto earned a second diploma in agriculture in 1998.
Between 1972 and 1975, he served as Municipal Councillor for Cefalù, and is Chairman of the Palermo Provincial Council since 1998. He was a member of the Sicilian Regional Assembly in 1983–1986.
# Kemmerer

Kemmerer may refer to:

## Places in the United States

* Kemmerer, Wyoming, a city
* Kemmerer High School, a high school in Kemmerer, Wyoming
* Kemmerer House, a historic home in Emmaus, Pennsylvania
* Kemmerer Hotel, a former historic hotel in Kemmerer, Wyoming
* Kemmerer Municipal Airport, an airport in Kemmerer, Wyoming

## People

* Beatrice Kemmerer (1930–2013), American baseball player
* Brigid Kemmerer (born 1978), American author
* Connie Kemmerer, American businesswoman
* Ed Kemmer (1921–2014), born Edward Kemmerer, American actor
* Edwin W. Kemmerer (1875–1945), American economist
* Jay Kemmerer (born 1947), American businessman
* Lisa Kemmerer, American academic
* Russ Kemmerer (1930–2013), American baseball player
# Harold Buchwald

Harold Buchwald, CM QC (February 22, 1928 – April 17, 2008) was a Jewish-Canadian lawyer.
He was involved in various royal commissions on tax reform legislation and has lectured on corporation law and consumer protection.
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba to a Jewish family, the son of Frank Buchwald and Bessie Portigal, he received a BA in 1948, an LL.B in 1952, an LL.M in 1957, and an honorary LL.D in 1994 all from the University of Manitoba. He was admitted to the Manitoba Bar in 1952.
In 1965 he formed the firm Buchwald Henteleff with Yude Henteleff. His firm later merged with several other firms and is now known as Pitblado LLP.
He was the director emeritus of the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra.
He was a member of the board of directors of the Jewish Foundation of Manitoba.
In 1993 he was made a Member of the Order of Canada.
He was married to Darlene [Dee] Besbeck, and they had two sons: Jeffrey Joshua and Richard Dan. He also had grandchildren and many great-nieces and nephews.
# Hovanec

Hovanec is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Helene Hovanec, American puzzle designer
* Robert Hovanec (born 1993), American sprinter
# Erin Elizabeth Smith

Erin Elizabeth Smith is an American poet, editor, publisher, and educator.

## Biography

Smith, originally from Lexington, South Carolina, holds a B.A. in English from Binghamton University, an M.F.A. in Poetry from the University of Illinois, and a Ph.D. in Literature and Creative Writing from the University of Southern Mississippi. She currently teaches creative writing and literature at the University of Tennessee. She is the author of three full-length poetry collections as well as a chapbook. Smith lives in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where she serves as the Executive Director of the Sundress Academy for the Arts, a writers residency and arts collective.
In 1999, Smith founded Stirring: A Literary Collection, now one of the oldest continually-published literary journals on the internet. A year later, she founded Sundress Publications, a literary organization that publishes several online journals as well as chapbooks and full-length poetry collections in both print and electronic formats. In 2006, Smith founded the Best of the Net Anthology, also published by Sundress.
From 2022-2024, Smith served as the inaugural Poet Laureate for the City of Oak Ridge, TN.
# Man-of-war

In Royal Navy jargon, a man-of-war (also man-o'-war, or simply man) was a powerful warship or frigate of the 16th to the 19th century, that was frequently used in Europe. Although the term never acquired a specific meaning, it was usually reserved for a sailing ship armed with cannon. The rating system of the Royal Navy classified men-of-war into six "rates", a "first-rate" having the greatest armament, and a "sixth-rate" the least.

## Description

The man-of-war was developed in Portugal in the early 15th century from earlier roundships with the addition of a second mast to form the carrack. The 16th century saw the carrack evolve into the galleon and then the ship of the line. The evolution of the term has been given thus:
   man-of-war. "A phrase applied to a line of battle ship, contrary to the usual rule in the English language by which all ships are feminine. It probably arose in the following manner: 'Men of war' were heavily armed soldiers. A ship full of them would be called a 'man-of-war ship.' In process of time the word 'ship' was discarded as unnecessary and there remained the phrase 'a man-of-war.'" – Talbot.
The man-of-war design developed by Sir John Hawkins was a type of galleon which had three masts, each with three to four sails. The ship could be up to 60 metres long and could have up to 124 guns: four at the bow, eight at the stern, and 56 in each broadside. All these cannons required three gun decks to hold them, one more than any earlier ship. It had a maximum sailing speed of eight or nine knots.
# Harish Shakya

Harish Chandra Shakya better known as Harish Shakya is an Indian politician and current MLA representing Bilsi (Assembly constituency). He won 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Bhartiya Janta Party. He is the former BJP Backward Class Regional President from Braj Region.

## Political career

Harish Shakya started his career in 1998 from Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad as district head. He was the district president of Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha from 2004 to 2007.
In 2008 Shakya was appointed BJP District General Secretary and in 2016 the party appointed him as BJP district chief from Budaun district. He served this position till 2019.
In 2022, he was elected as Member of the Legislative Assembly from Bilsi (Assembly constituency) and won 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election with 45.54% votes margin.

## Electoral performance

2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Bilsi :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Harish Chandra Shakya | 93,500 | 45.54 |
| | SP | Chandra Prakash Maurya | 68,385 | 33.31 |
| | BSP | Smt. Mamata Shakya | 31,694 | 15.44 |
| | Azad Samaj Party | Mir Hadi Ali Urf Babar Miyan | 2,790 | 1.36 |
| | RPD | Veer Pal Singh | 2,033 | 0.99 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 205,319 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 293,359 | |
| | BJP gain from SP | BJP gain from SP | Swing | |
# Paraclinus

Paraclinus is a genus of labrisomid blennies native to eastern Pacific Ocean and the western Atlantic Ocean.

## Species

There are currently 23 recognized species in this genus:
* Paraclinus altivelis (Lockington, 1881) (Topgallant blenny)
* Paraclinus arcanus R. Z. P. Guimarães & Bacellar, 2002
* Paraclinus barbatus V. G. Springer, 1955 (Goatee blenny)
* Paraclinus beebei C. Hubbs, 1952 (Pink blenny)
* Paraclinus cingulatus (Evermann & M. C. Marsh, 1899) (Coral blenny)
* Paraclinus ditrichus Rosenblatt & T. D. Parr, 1969 (Leastfoot blenny)
* Paraclinus fasciatus (Steindachner, 1876) (Banded blenny)
* Paraclinus fehlmanni V. G. Springer & Trist, 1969
* Paraclinus grandicomis (N. Rosén, 1911) (Horned blenny)
* Paraclinus infrons J. E. Böhlke, 1960 (Bald blenny)
* Paraclinus integripinnis (R. Smith, 1880) (Reef finspot)
* Paraclinus magdalenae Rosenblatt & T. D. Parr, 1969 (Magdalena blenny)
* Paraclinus marmoratus (Steindachner, 1876) (Marbled blenny)
* Paraclinus mexicanus (C. H. Gilbert, 1904) (Mexican blenny)
* Paraclinus monophthalmus (Günther, 1861) (One-eyed blenny)
* Paraclinus naeorhegmis J. E. Böhlke, 1960 (Surf blenny)
* Paraclinus nigripinnis (Steindachner, 1867) (Blackfin blenny)
* Paraclinus rubicundus (Starks, 1913)
* Paraclinus sini C. Hubbs, 1952 (Flapscale blenny)
* Paraclinus spectator R. Z. P. Guimarães & Bacellar, 2002
* Paraclinus stephensi Rosenblatt & T. D. Parr, 1969 (Professor blenny)
* Paraclinus tanygnathus Rosenblatt & T. D. Parr, 1969 (Longjaw blenny)
* Paraclinus walkeri C. Hubbs, 1952 (San Quintin blenny)
# Titus Eppius Latinus

Titus Eppius Latinus (fl. during the reign of Trajan) was the first known Pannonian Roman member of the ordo equester.

## Origin

Latinus was born in Neviodunum (officially municipium Flavium Latobicorum, modern-day Drnovo) in the province of Pannonia. He was in the Quirina tribe and his father was called Titus. There are multiple theories on his ethnic origin. He may have come from a Northern Italic family moving from Aquileia—or a Dalmatian. Inscriptions set up by southern Gauls in the vicinity of his birthplace suggest that his ancestors lived in Southern Gaul. Another possibility is that—like the majority of provincial equites—he was a member of the local aristocracy that gained citizenship.
His nomen gentilicum could've been the Latinized version of the native Pannonian Epo or Eppo name present around Emona (modern-day Ljubljana) and Neviodunum, however, Eppius was very rare in Pannonia. It was also rare but present in Northern Italy, including Aquileia, and much more common in Southern Gaul. In Noricum it appears as Eppaeus. On the other, his cognomen was widespread in Northern Italy and Noricum. It asserts that he was of Roman origin but that may suggest he actually wasn't.

## Service

Unlike most equites, Latinus didn't start as a military officer. Before getting admitted into the ordo equester, he was duumvir of Neviodunum. Afterwards, he occupied multiple procurator posts under Trajan. He was procurator ad census accipiendos of a province with the job of carrying out a census, then procurator familiarum gladiatoriarum provinciarum Hispaniarum trium charged with administrating the companies that recruit gladiators from Hispania. Added up, these positions paid him 60,000 sestertii yearly. Later, Latinus worked as procurator IIII publicorum Africae overseeing the finances of Africa.
# Formica accreta

Formica accreta is a species of ant in the family Formicidae.
# HMS King George V

Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS King George V, after George V, King of the United Kingdom, whilst another was planned:
* HMS King George V was to have been an Orion-class battleship. She was renamed HMS Monarch in 1910, prior to her launch in 1911. Captained by Lord Stanley.
* HMS King George V (1911) was a King George V-class battleship, originally to be named HMS Royal George, but renamed in 1910, before her launch in 1911. She was sold for scrapping in 1926, and was broken up in 1927.
* HMS King George V (41) was a King George V-class battleship launched in 1939 and broken up in 1959.

## Battle honours

Ships named King George V have earned the following battle honours:
* Jutland, 1916
* Dunkirk, 1940$^1$
* Atlantic, 1941
* Bismarck, 1941
* Arctic, 1942−43
* Sicily, 1943
* Okinawa, 1945
* Japan, 1945
1: Awarded to merchant vessel TS King George V
# Eristena minutale

Eristena minutale is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Aristide Caradja in 1932. It is found in China.
# Manfla

Manfla is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Maminigui, Zuénoula Department, Marahoué Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District.
Manfla was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Harish Shah

Harish Shah (7 October 1943 – 7 July 2020) was an Indian Film Producer, Director and Writer, known for his work on Mere Jeevan Saathi featuring Rajesh Khanna and Tanuja, Kaala Sona featuring Feroz Khan and Parveen Babi, Ram Tere Kitne Naam featuring Sanjeev Kumar and Rekha, Zalzala featuring Dharmendra and Shatrughan Sinha, Ab Insaf Hoga featuring Mithun Chakraborty and Jaal: The Trap featuring Sunny Deol and Tabu. He died on 7 July 2020 due to throat cancer.

## Filmography
### Producer, director

| Year | Title | Producer | Director |
| 1968 | Dil Aur Mohabbat | Yes | |
| 1972 | Mere Jeevan Saathi | Yes | |
| 1975 | Kaala Sona | Yes | |
| 1980 | Dhan Daulat | | Yes |
| 1981 | Hotel | Yes | |
| 1985 | Ram Tere Kitne Naam | Yes | |
| 1988 | Zalzala | | Yes |
| 1995 | Ab Insaf Hoga | | Yes |
| 2003 | Jaal: The Trap | Yes | |
# Paraclinus barbatus

Paraclinus barbatus, the Goatee blenny, is a species of labrisomid blenny native to reefs of the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It can reach a length of 3.4 centimetres (1.3 in) TL.
# Invention (Ligeti)

Invention is an early composition by Hungarian composer György Ligeti. It is scored for solo piano and was composed in 1948.

## Composition

At the time of the composition, Hungary had gone through World War II and was about to enter a Stalinist era, which would last seven years. At that time, Ligeti was 24 years old and was still a student at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music. Very influenced by the style of Béla Bartók, Ligeti wrote the composition in 1948, as an academic composition for Sandor Veress's classes. It was dedicated to György Kurtág, a fellow student of his, and was later published by Schott Music together with Ligeti's 1947 Due capricci, even though they were composed a year apart and were conceived separately.

## Analysis

This is a very short composition for piano, which takes around one minute to perform. When asked to write a Bach-like invention, Ligeti wrote it with his own harmonic style. This two-part invention shows a very profusely used counterpoint and features highly chromatic melodic segments. It is a very quick piece, marked Risoluto, ♩ = 88, and gravitates towards F.

## Notable recordings

Following is a list of some of the most notable recordings of this composition:
| Piano | Record company | Year of recording | Format |
| Fredrik Ullén | BIS Records | 1972 | CD |
# Ken E Henson

Kenneth Edward Henson (March 28, 1947 – May 24, 2007), better known as Ken E Henson (and also Kenny Henson), was a South African singer, songwriter, guitarist, and sitar player. He co-founded the progressive rock bands Freedom's Children and Abstract Truth. He later formed the duo Finch & Henson with the late Brian Finch.

## Biography

Ken E Henson was born in Durban, South Africa on March 28, 1947. He began playing guitar at the age of 10, and formed his first group, Leemen Ltd, in 1963.
Henson's first notable band was Freedom's Children, a group he formed in 1966 with bassist Ramsay Mackay and drummer Colin Pratley. After releasing just two songs with Freedom's Children, he left the band in 1968 to join The Bats for a six-week sojourn. In 1969 he formed the group Abstract Truth with Mike Dickman and Pete Measroch. With Abstract Truth he released three albums from 1969 to 1971. With Brian Finch, he formed Finch & Henson, a duo that toured South Africa extensively from 1971 to 1981. The duo continued to perform periodically until Henson's death.
In the last two decades of his career, Henson worked with many South African musicians, including Piet Botha, Steve Fataar, Neill Solomon, Roger Lucey, Nibs van der Spuy.

## Death

Henson died on May 24, 2007, at the age of 60 after suffering from emphysema.
# Linda Lange

Linda Bartels Lange (January 15, 1882 – April 24, 1947) was an American bacteriologist known for her study of cancer, tuberculosis, and infectious diseases.

## Early life and education

Lange was born in New York City on January 15, 1882. She attended Bryn Mawr College and Goucher College for her undergraduate studies, and received her MD from Johns Hopkins University in 1911.

## Career and research

Before earning her MD, Lange was an assistant at the Bryn Mawr School. She completed her internship at the New York Infirmary for Women and Children upon receiving her MD. From 1912 to 1914, she was a bacteriology and pathology fellow at the Rockefeller Institute. After her fellowship, she was a pathologist and the director of H.A. Kelly Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland for a year. From 1915 to 1916, she taught pathology at the University of Wisconsin medical school, and then returned to her alma mater to teach from 1916 to 1919. She then moved to the school of hygiene and public health, where she was an instructor from 1919 to 1927 and an associate professor for the following decade. The last years of her career were spent at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania; Lange retired in 1940.