# Environment, health and safety

Environment, health and safety (EHS) (or health, safety and environment –HSE–, or safety, health and environment –SHE–) is an interdisciplinary field focused on the study and implementation of practical aspects environmental protection and safeguard of people's health and safety, especially in an occupational context. It is what organizations must do to make sure that their activities do not cause harm. Commonly, quality - quality assurance and quality control - is adjoined to form HSQE or equivalent initialisms.
From a safety standpoint, EHS involves creating organized efforts and procedures for identifying workplace hazards and reducing accidents and exposure to harmful situations and substances. It also includes training of personnel in accident prevention, accident response, emergency preparedness, and use of protective clothing and equipment.
From a health standpoint, EHS involves creating the development of safe, high-quality, and environmentally friendly processes, working practices and systemic activities that prevent or reduce the risk of harm to people in general, operators, or patients.
From an environmental standpoint, EHS involves creating a systematic approach to complying with environmental regulations, such as managing waste or air emissions all the way to helping site's reduce the carbon footprint.
The activities of an EHS working group might focus on:
* Exchange of know-how regarding health, safety and environmental aspects of a material
* Promotion of good working practices, such as post-use material collection for recycling
Regulatory requirements play an important role in EHS discipline and EHS managers must identify and understand relevant EHS regulations, the implications of which must be communicated to executive management so the company can implement suitable measures. Organizations based in the United States are subject to EHS regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations, particularly CFR 29, 40, and 49. Still, EHS management is not limited to legal compliance and companies should be encouraged to do more than is required by law, if appropriate.

## Other names

Notwithstanding the individual importance of these attributes, the various institutions and authors have accented the acronyms differently. Successful HSE programs also include measures to address ergonomics, air quality, and other aspects of workplace safety that could affect the health and well-being of employees and the overall community. Another researcher transformed it as SHE in 1996, while exploring the "concept of 'human quality' in terms of living standards that must follow later than the health.....[as per the] paradigm of SHEQ, ....raising up the importance of environment to the 'safety of people as a prime consideration'". It is because "Safety First" is called in for the commitment to transform the safety culture of countries. Quality is "fitness for purpose", and without it, each and every endeavour will be futile.
Abbreviations used include:
| Acronym | Name | Group |
| OHS | Occupational health and safety | Occupational safety and health |
| WHS | Work health and safety | Occupational safety and health |
| HSE | Health, safety and environment | Health, safety and environment |
| EHS | Environment, health and safety | Health, safety and environment |
| SHE | Safety, health and environment | Health, safety and environment |
| QHSE | Quality, health, safety, and environment | Quality, health, safety, and environment |
| HSEQ | Health, safety, environment and quality | Quality, health, safety, and environment |
| HSSE | Health, safety, security and environment | Health, safety, security and environment |
| QHSSE | Quality, health, safety, security, and environment | Quality, health, safety, security, and environment |
| HSSEQ | Health, safety, security, environment, and quality | Quality, health, safety, security, and environment |

## History

The chemical industry introduced the first formal EHS management approach in 1985 as a reaction to several catastrophic accidents (like the Seveso disaster of July 1976 and the Bhopal disaster of December 1984). This worldwide voluntary initiative, called "Responsible Care", started by the Chemistry Industry Association of Canada (formerly the Canadian Chemical Producers' Association - CCPA), operates in about 50 countries, with central coordination provided by the International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA). It involves eight fundamental features which ensure plant and product safety, occupational health and environmental protection, but which also try to demonstrate by image-building campaigns that the chemical industry acts in a responsible manner. Being an initiative of the ICCA, it is restricted to the chemical industry.
Since the 1990s, general approaches to EHS management that may fit any type of organisation have appeared in international standards such as: The Valdez Principles, that have been formulated to guide and evaluate corporate conduct towards the environment.
* The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), developed by the European Commission in 1993
* ISO 14001 for environmental management in 1996
* ISO 45001 for occupational health and safety management in 2018, preceded by OHSAS 18001 1999
In 1998 the International Finance Corporation established EHS guidelines.

## Topics

General topics covered by EHS include:
* Environmental
** Air emissions and ambient air quality
** Energy conservation
** Wastewater and ambient water quality
** Water conservation
** Waste management
** Noise
** Contaminated land
* Occupational health and safety
** Physical hazards
** Chemical hazards
** Biological hazards
** Radiological hazards
** Special hazard environments
** Personal protective equipment (PPE)
** Communication and training
** Monitoring
* Community health and safety
** Water quality and availability
** Structural safety of project infrastructure
** Life and fire safety (LFS)
** Traffic safety
** Transport of hazardous materials
** Disease prevention
** Emergency preparedness and response

## Regulatory agencies
### Canada

* Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)

### United Kingdom

* The Health and Safety Executive
* The Environment Agency
* Local authorities

### United States

* Federal / international
** Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
** Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
** Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
** Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)
** Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE)
* State
** California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, New York Department of Health, Safety and Health Council of North Carolina, etc.
* Local
** Municipal fire departments (building code inspections)

### Zambia

* Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA)
* Radiation Protection Authority
* Occupational Health and Safety Institute
* Mines Safety Department

## Publications

* EHS Today
* Environmental Leader
* ISHN
* OHS
* Safety+Health Magazine – National Safety Council