OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# French brig Cygne (1806)

Cygne was an Abeille-class 16-gun brig of the French Navy, launched in 1806.

## Career

On 10 November 1808, under Lieutenant Menouvrier Defresne, Cygne departed Cherbourg, part of a squadron under Rear-Admiral Hamelin also comprising the frigates Vénus, Junon, Amphitrite and the brig Papillon. bound for Martinique. The next day, the ships of the squadron were scattered. On 13, Cygne captured the Portuguese ship Miliciano and set her ablaze.
Arriving near [artinique, Cygne was chased by the frigate HMS Circe (Augustin Collier), the corvette Stork (George Le Geyt), the brigs Morne Fortunee (John Brown), Amaranthe (Pelham Brenton), Epervier (Thomas Tudor) and the schooner Express (William Dowers). On 12 December, Cygne passed the northern cape of Martinique; seeing that he would be overhauled by the British squadron before reaching Saint-Pierre, Menouvrier Defresne decided to drop anchor under a shore battery at Anse Céron.
Two of the British brigs then dropped anchor in positions that cut Cygne's retreat to Saint-Pierre, while the other ships launched boats to attempt a cutting out boarding. Cygne sank three before they reached her. Circe approached with her crew ready for boarding, but was repelled by a grapeshot broadside, while the surviving boats reached Cygne's stern; the party was repelled and 17 men were taken prisoner.
The next day, Cygne found herself becalmed; Defresne attempted to move his ship by having her hauled from the shore by infantrymen and by using her oars, and progressed towards Saint-Pierre, under fire from Amaranthe. However, due to a navigation error, Cygne ran aground and started taking water. As the other British ships closed within range, Defresne ordered Cygne abandoned and scuttled by fire. Defresne was offered a sword of honour by the city of Saint-Pierre for his defence. As a token of esteem, Brenton gifted him a sword belt, and Lieutenant Hay, a dagger.
The wreck was discovered in 1991 and was explored the next year. A 1⁄36 scale model of the ship is on display at the Musée national de la Marine in Paris.
* Battle of Cygne against the British division
* Depiction by Mayer.
# Freightdynamics

Freightdynamics is a subsidiary of South Africa's state-owned transport giant Transnet.
The company operates four main terminals: Johannesburg, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban.
# Fusinus cratis

Fusinus cratis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.
# Fujimura

Fujimura (written: 藤村 lit. "Japanese wisteria village") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arihiro Fujimura (藤村 有弘, 1934–1982), Japanese actor and voice actor
* Ayumi Fujimura (藤村 歩, born 1982), Japanese voice actress
* Daisuke Fujimura (藤村 大介, born 1989), Japanese baseball player
* Fumio Fujimura (藤村 富美男, 1916–1992), Japanese baseball player
* Kazu Fujimura (藤村 佳津, born 1955), Japanese swimmer
* Makoto Fujimura (born 1960), American artist
* Mihoko Fujimura (藤村 実穂子, born 1966), Japanese operatic mezzo-soprano
* Miki Fujimura (藤村 美樹, born 1956), Japanese singer
* Misao Fujimura (藤村 操, 1886–1903), Japanese philosophy student and poet
* Osamu Fujimura (scientist) (born 1927), Japanese scientist
* Osamu Fujimura (藤村 修, born 1949), Japanese politician
* Shiho Fujimura (藤村 志保, born 1939), Japanese actress
* Shinichi Fujimura (藤村 新一, born 1950), Japanese amateur archaeologist and hoaxer
* Shoko Fujimura (藤村 祥子, born 1987), Japanese speed skater
* Shunji Fujimura (藤村 俊二, born 1934), Japanese actor
* Tsutomu Fujimura (藤村 勉, born 1982), Japanese sport wrestler

## Fictional characters

* Taiga Fujimura (藤村 大河), a character in the visual novel Fate/stay night
# G. Janakiram Chetty

Gopathi Janakiram Chetty (born 13 May 1906) was an Indian merchant and politician who served as the mayor of Madras from May to November 1941.

## Early life and education

Janakiram Chetty was born on 13 May 1906 to Indian merchant and bureaucrat, G. N. Chetty. He studied in Madras and graduated from Pachaiyappa's College.

## Public career

Janakiram Chetty was elected to the Corporation of Madras in 1934 and served as Mayor from May to November 1941. Like his father, Janakiram Chetty also served as trustee of Pachaiyappa Charities from 1934 to 1949.
# Futagawa-juku

Futagawa-juku (二川宿, Futagawa-juku) was the thirty-third of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō. It is located in what is now the city of Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was the easternmost post station in Mikawa Province.

## History

Futagawa-juku was established in 1601 when two villages, Futagawa (二川村 Futagawa-mura) and Ōiwa (大岩村 Ōiwa-mura), in Mikawa Province's Atsumi District were directed with caring for travelers. However, as the towns were rather small and were separated by 1.3 km, the original setup did not last long. In 1644, the Tokugawa shogunate moved the village of Futagawa further to the west and the village of Ōiwa further to the east, before reestablishing the post station in the Futagawa's new location. An ai no shuku was built in Ōiwa.
Futagawa-juku was located approximately 283 kilometres (176 mi) from Edo's Nihonbashi, the start of the Tōkaidō. Furthermore, it was 5.8 kilometres (3.6 mi) from Shirasuka-juku to the east and 6.1 kilometres (3.8 mi) from Yoshida-juku to the west. Futagawa-juku itself stretched for about 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) along the road and held one honjin, one waki-honjin, and about 30 hatago. The honjin was destroyed many times by fire, but was always rebuilt. The honjin that existed after the Meiji period was rebuilt in 1988 and became an archives museum.
The classic ukiyo-e print by Andō Hiroshige (Hōeidō edition) from 1831–1834 depicts a rather bleak landscape, with weary travellers approaching an isolated teahouse.
During the Meiji Restoration when rail lines were being laid, the tracks ran through the town, but there was no station. After realizing the value of railroad, the town petitioned for a station and Futagawa Station was eventually built between Futagawa and Ōiwa. As the station was built slightly apart from Futagawa, remnants from the Edo period post station can be found approximately two kilometers from the station.
# G. R. Blanco White

George Rivers Blanco White QC (8 May 1883 – 26 March 1966) was an English judge, Recorder of Croydon from 1940 to 1956, and a member of the Special Divorce Commission, from 1948 to 1957.

## Biography

The son of Thomas and Margaret Elizabeth Blanco White, he was born in Fulham, London. He was educated at St Paul's School, London and Trinity College, Cambridge, from where he graduated second wrangler behind Arthur Eddington in 1904, and was awarded Smith's Prize in 1906. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1907.
On 7 May 1909, he married Amber Reeves, feminist writer, scholar and campaigner. She was the daughter of William Pember Reeves and his wife Maud Pember Reeves. She bore a daughter Anna-Jane in December that year whose biological father was the author H. G. Wells (though Blanco White was Anna's legal father). The Blanco-Whites later had a daughter, Margaret Justin Blanco White (1911–2001), who became an architect, and a son Thomas Blanco White (1915–2006), a patent lawyer. Through Margaret he was the grandfather of anthropologist Caroline Humphrey and mathematician Dusa McDuff.
He served in World War I with the Royal Garrison Artillery. He stood for the Labour Party at the 1929 Holland with Boston by-election, coming second to Liberal James Blindell.
He was made King's Counsel in 1936. He became a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn in 1940 in replacement of Henry Chartres Biron. He died in London in 1966 and received obituaries in The Times and The Guardian.
# G. R. Blane

G. R. Blane (1791–1821) was an employee of the East India Company in British India.

## Ancestry

George Rodney Blane was born in 1791 to Sir Gilbert Blane, and died aged 30 years on 1 May 1821.

## Education

Blane was educated at Charterhouse School, and in 1804 (aged 13 years) he joined the Royal Military College, Marlow as a cadet of the East India Company.

## Career at East India Company

He had joined the department of line but due to his excellence in mathematics he was transferred to the ordinance department where he attracted the positive attention of Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger. After completing his education at Woolwich in 1807, aged 16 years he arrived in India to serve in the Bengal Engineers, part of the East India Company’s Bengal Army and predecessors of the Indian Army Corps of Engineers Bengal Engineer Group. He surveyed Cuttack, Nepal, foothills of Himalaya and he desilted and remodeled Western Yamuna Canal. His assistant 1820-1821 was Ensign Edmund Swetenham of the Bengal Engineers.

## Western Yamuna Canal

The earlier Prithviraj Chauhan era or possibly earlier, pre-existing canal was dug out and renovated in 1335 CE by Firuz Shah Tughlaq, excessive silting caused it to stop flowing in 1750 CE, the British raj undertook a three-year renovation and remodeling of Western Yamuna Canal in 1817 by Blane or Bengal Engineer Group, he died in 1821 CE and in 1832-33 Tajewala Barrage dam at Yaumna was built to regulate the flow of water.
# Sex trade (disambiguation)

The sex trade consists of businesses which either directly or indirectly provide sex-related products and services.
Sex trade may also refer to:
* Russian Dolls: Sex Trade, a Flemish television programme
* "Sex Trade" (The Unit), a 2008 television episode
# Fairlawn Rovers

Fairlawn Rovers was a U.S. soccer team which existed from at least 1918 to at least 1949. It was based in Fairlawn, Rhode Island.

## Leagues

There is very little information on the leagues Fairlawn Rovers belonged to over the years. In 1922, they won the Pawtucket and District League. Then, in 1934, it entered the New England Division of the American Soccer League for two seasons. The latest mention of Fairlawn Rovers comes in the biography of David Pacheo, a member of the Connecticut Soccer Hall of Fame. It mentions that, “In 1948-49 he was a key member of the Fall River Soccer Club and the Fairlawn Rovers of Rhode Island.”

## Regional cups

During the late 1910s and early 1920s, Fairlawn Rovers was a dominant team in Southern New England. Between 1918 and 1921, it won three consecutive Southern New England Soccer Association Guy Norman Cups and lost to Sayles Finishing Plant F.C. in the 1921 Times Cup.

## National Challenge Cup

Fairlawn’s success went beyond local cups. In 1921, it fell to Tebo Yacht Basin F.C. in the quarterfinals of the National Challenge Cup. Then in 1922 it went to the fourth round and the third round in 1923.
# Conizonia allardi

Conizonia allardi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Léon Fairmaire in 1866. It is known from Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. It feeds on Centaurea pullata.

## Subspecies

* Conizonia allardi allardi Fairmaire, 1866
* Conizonia allardi guyi Sama, 2005
# Dixon Peak (South Georgia)

Dixon Peak (54°3′S 38°1′W﻿ / ﻿54.050°S 38.017°W﻿ / -54.050; -38.017) is a steep-sided peak rising to 420 metres (1,380 ft) at the southern end of Paryadin Ridge, 1 nautical mile (2 km) north of Cape Paryadin, South Georgia. It was roughly charted by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery in the period 1926–30, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1963 for Lieutenant John B. Dixon, Royal Navy, surveying officer on HMS Owen, which surveyed the area in 1960–61.
# Sonans, Virginia

Sonans is an unincorporated community in Pittsylvania County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# This Flat Earth

This Flat Earth is a 2018 play by Lindsey Ferrentino. The play officially opened Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons in March of 2018. In The New York Times, Ben Brantley described it as, "Lindsey Ferrentino's most daring play to date, with profound and essential subjects. There is no denying the urgency of this work." It received the Edgerton Foundation New Play Award.

## Plot

This Flat Earth is a contemporary play about Julie and Zander, two twelve year olds who try to make sense of the world when the unthinkable - a school shooting - occurs at their middle school.
# José Azueta, Veracruz

José Azueta Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz.

## Geography

It is located in south zone of the State of Veracruz, about 205 km from state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 582.63 km$^2$. It is located at 18°04′N 95°42′W﻿ / ﻿18.067°N 95.700°W﻿ / 18.067; -95.700.

### Borders

José Azueta Municipality is delimited to the north by Tlacotalpan Municipality and Amatitlán Municipality to the east by Isla Municipality, to the south by Playa Vicente Municipality, to the west by Chacaltianguis Municipality, Cosamaloapan Municipality and Oaxaca State.

### Weather

The weather in José Azueta is warm all year with rains in summer and autumn.

## Products

It produces principally maize, beans, rice, watermelon, green chile and sugarcane.

## Events

In José Azueta , in November takes place the celebration in honor to Cristo Rey, Patron of the town.
# Haiti at the 2011 Parapan American Games

Haiti participated in the 2011 Parapan American Games.

## Athletics

Haiti sent three male athletes to compete.

## Cycling

Haiti sent one male athlete to compete in the road cycling tournament.
# Astrothelium sipmanii

Astrothelium sipmanii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Guyana.

## Taxonomy

The lichens was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type was collected by Harrie Sipman in the Upper Takutu District; here, in savannah forest, it was found growing on the smooth bark of trees. The species epithet acknowledges the collector of the type.

## Description

The lichen has a pale ochraceous-green thallus with a cortex; the thallus is surrounded by a thin (≤1 mm wide) black prothallus. The ascomata are pear-shaped (pyriform), measuring 0.7–1.2 mm in diameter. The ascomatal walls are carbonized (blackened) and up to about 80 μm thick; the ostioles (pores) are apically situated, black, and concave. Astrothelium sipmanii makes ellipsoid-shaped ascospores with 5 septa, and measure 100–150 by 35–40 μm. The hamathecium (i.e., all of the hyphae or other tissues between the asci) is inspersed (scattered with) with oil globules. No lichen products were detected in the collected specimens using thin-layer chromatography.
Astrothelium curvisporum and A. pustulatum share some similar characteristics, but can be distinguished by differences in spore shape and septation.
# Athletics at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's high jump

The men's high jump competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar was held on 9 December 2006 at the Khalifa International Stadium.

## Schedule

All times are Arabia Standard Time (UTC+03:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Saturday, 9 December 2006 | 16:00 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Javier Sotomayor (CUB) | 2.45 | Salamanca, Spain | 27 July 1993 |
| Asian Record | Zhu Jianhua (CHN) | 2.39 | Eberstadt, West Germany | 10 June 1984 |
| Games Record | Zhu Jianhua (CHN) | 2.33 | New Delhi, India | 1 December 1982 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Result | Notes |
| Rank | Athlete | 2.00 | 2.05 | 2.10 | 2.15 | 2.19 | 2.23 | 2.27 | Result | Notes |
| | Jean-Claude Rabbath (LIB) | – | – | – | O | XO | O | XXX | 2.23 | |
| | Sergey Zasimovich (KAZ) | – | O | O | O | XXO | O | XXX | 2.23 | |
| | Naoyuki Daigo (JPN) | – | – | O | XO | XXO | XXO | XXX | 2.23 | |
| 4 | Hari Shankar Roy (IND) | – | O | O | O | O | XXX | | 2.19 | |
| 5 | Salem Nasser Bakheet (BRN) | – | O | XO | XXO | O | XXX | | 2.19 | |
| 6 | Hikaru Tsuchiya (JPN) | – | – | O | O | XXO | XXX | | 2.19 | |
| 7 | Manjula Kumara (SRI) | – | – | – | XO | XX– | X | | 2.15 | |
| 8 | Salem Al-Anezi (KUW) | – | O | XO | XO | XXX | | | 2.15 | |
| 9 | Lee Hup Wei (MAS) | – | O | XXO | XXO | XXX | | | 2.15 | |
| 10 | Hashem Al-Oqaibi (KSA) | O | O | O | XXX | | | | 2.10 | |
| 10 | Nguyễn Duy Bằng (VIE) | – | – | O | XXX | | | | 2.10 | |
| 12 | Rashid Al-Mannai (QAT) | XO | O | O | XXX | | | | 2.10 | |
| 12 | Jamel Fakhari (KSA) | – | XO | O | XXX | | | | 2.10 | |
| 14 | Nalin Priyantha (SRI) | – | – | XO | XXX | | | | 2.10 | |
| 15 | Huang Haiqiang (CHN) | – | O | XXX | | | | | 2.05 | |
# Athletics at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay

The men's 4 × 400 metres relay competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar was held on 12 December 2006 at the Khalifa International Stadium.

## Schedule

All times are Arabia Standard Time (UTC+03:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 12 December 2006 | 19:05 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | United States United States | 2:54.20 2:54.29 | Uniondale, United States Stuttgart, Germany | 22 July 1998 22 August 1993 |
| Asian Record | Japan | 3:00.76 | Atlanta, United States | 3 August 1996 |
| Games Record | Japan | 3:01.70 | Bangkok, Thailand | 19 December 1998 |
* United States's world record was rescinded in 2008.

## Results
### Legend

* DSQ — Disqualified
| Rank | Team | Time |
| | Saudi Arabia (KSA) Ismail Al-Sabiani Hamed Al-Bishi Mohammed Al-Salhi Hamdan Al-Bishi | 3:05.31 |
| | India (IND) Aboo Backer Joseph Abraham Bhupinder Singh K. M. Binu | 3:06.65 |
| | Sri Lanka (SRI) Rohan Pradeep Kumara Rohitha Pushpakumara Prasanna Amarasekara Ashoka Jayasundara | 3:06.97 |
| 4 | Japan (JPN) Yoshihiro Horigome Yuzo Kanemaru Yukihiro Mukai Kenji Narisako | 3:07.07 |
| 5 | Oman (OMA) Ahmed Al-Wahaibi Idrees Al-Khusaibi Mohammed Al-Rawahi Hammam Al-Farsi | 3:11.42 |
| 6 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) Chung Chen-kang Chen Chin-hsuan Yi Wei-chen Chang Chi-sheng | 3:12.03 |
| — | United Arab Emirates (UAE) Jasim Al-Junaibi Ali Murad Al-Balooshi Abdulla Al-Eidi Khamis Al-Badwawi | DSQ |
| — | Qatar (QAT) Yaser Omar El-Haj Salem Amer Al-Badri Adam Abdu Adam Abdulrahman Suleiman | DSQ |
# Ashley Palmer

Ashley Palmer may refer to:
* Ashley Palmer (footballer) (born 1992), English footballer
* Ashley Palmer (actress), American actress and singer
# Athletics at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's discus throw

The men's discus throw competition of the athletics events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 23 at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion was Jorge Fernandez of Cuba.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
| World record | Jürgen Schult (GDR) | 74.08 | Neubrandenburg, East Germany | June 6, 1986 |
| Pan American Games record | Luis Delis (CUB) | 67.32 | Caracas, Venezuela | August 25, 1983 |

## Qualification

Each National Olympic Committee (NOC) was able to enter up to two entrants providing they had met the minimum standard (53.05) in the qualifying period (January 1, 2014 to June 28, 2015).

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| July 23, 2015 | 19:05 | Final |

## Results

All results shown are in meters.
| KEY: | q | Best non-qualifiers | Q | Qualified | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best | DQ | Disqualified |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result | Notes |
| | Fedrick Dacres | Jamaica | 63.01 | 62.39 | 64.80 | 63.05 | 64.40 | x | 64.80 | |
| | Ronald Julião | Brazil | 60.89 | 63.15 | x | x | x | 64.65 | 64.65 | SB |
| | Russell Winger | United States | 59.40 | 62.64 | 60.74 | x | 60.62 | 62.33 | 62.64 | |
| 4 | Jared Schuurmans | United States | 59.79 | 57.26 | x | 62.32 | 59.67 | x | 62.32 | |
| 5 | Jorge Fernández | Cuba | x | x | 59.91 | 62.04 | x | 60.99 | 62.04 | |
| 6 | Timothy Nedow | Canada | 57.28 | x | 59.43 | 61.10 | 61.49 | 59.57 | 61.49 | PB |
| 7 | Mauricio Ortega | Colombia | 61.33 | 56.08 | x | x | x | 59.06 | 61.33 | |
| 8 | Mario Cota | Mexico | 56.06 | 55.78 | 57.18 | 57.29 | x | 59.89 | 59.89 | SB |
| 9 | Marc-Antoine Lafrenaye-Dugas | Canada | x | 55.71 | 55.79 | | | | 55.79 | |
| 10 | Quincy Wilson | Trinidad and Tobago | x | 43.65 | x | | | | 43.65 | |
| | Eldred Henry | British Virgin Islands | x | x | x | | | | NM | |
| | Dillon Simon | Dominica | x | x | x | | | | NM | |
# Jaana Sundberg

Jaana Jokinen (Sundberg) is a Finnish judoka who competes in the women's 52 kg category. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she was defeated in the first round. She is married to the 2012 olympian Valtteri Jokinen.
Since 2018, Jokinen has worked as the head of coaching for the Finnish Judo Federation.
# Jaana Tuominen

Jaana Maija-Liisa Tuominen (born 15 October 1960) is a Finnish business executive. Since 2008, she has been managing director and chief executive officer of the Finnish coffee and cocoa company Gustav Paulig. She has accepted the position of CEO of Fiskars, where she served from 2018 to 2020.
Tuominen attended the Åbo Akademi in Turku where she studied chemical engineering, graduating in 1985. After becoming customer support engineer with Finnsugar Biochemicals, USA, in 1986, she returned to Sweden in 1989 to take up a position as area sales manager with Valmet pulp and paper company. From 1993 to 1998, she held various positions in marketing management before becoming managing director at NAF Flowserve (formerly Instrumentarium). In 1998, she was appointed general manager of GE Healthcare.
In addition to her appointment as CEO of Paulig in 2008, she became a non-executive director at the Rautaruukki iron and metal products firm in 2010.
In an interview in 2012 with the Nordic magazine Alumni, Tuominen commented on the effects of increasing the participation of women in senior management in Finland by introducing quotas (which still do not exist): "Things will have to change, because the dearth of female executives is already damaging business, and as demographic shifts make good people increasingly hard to find, the damage will get worse. Women - and men - need to feel they can work in an environment where they can be themselves and do the best job they possibly can."
# Asaro Mudmen

The "Mudmen" of Papua New Guinea's Asaro tribe, also known as the Holosa, are those who wear a traditional costume centered around masks made of mud. They reside near the village of Goroka in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea.

## Creation legend

There are various oral histories regarding the origins of the Asaro Mudmen, with anthropologist Todd Otto observing that "there are as many versions of [the creation legend] as there are sources."
According to one account, the Asaro tribe was defeated by an enemy tribe and sought refuge in the Asaro River. There, they encountered a man who granted them the ability to kill with their eyes. They waited until dusk to escape, but one of them was captured. When the captured member emerged from the muddy banks covered in mud, the enemy mistook him for a spirit and fled in fear, as many tribes in Papua New Guinea are fearful of spirits. Believing they had encountered a supernatural force, the enemy tribesmen fled back to their village and performed a special ceremony to ward off the spirits. The mudmen were unable to conceal their faces because it was believed that the mud from the Asaro River was poisonous. Instead, they crafted masks from heated pebbles and water from the waterfall.
Another version suggests that the tradition originated when a wedding guest could not find a traditional wedding costume.
The masks feature distinctive designs, including elongated or very short ears that extend to the chin or point upwards at the top, elongated eyebrows connected to the ears, horns, and mouths oriented sideways.
According to research conducted in September 1996 by Danish anthropologist Ton Otto from Aarhus University, the Mudmen tradition is unquestionably an invention of the Asaro people. The current elaborate form of the Mudmen tradition, which evolved from a 1957 cultural fair, is likely to have been influenced by external factors such as tour operators, writers, and government agencies.