# List of cacao diseases

Like other crops cocoa can be attacked by a number of pest species including fungal diseases, insects and rodents - some of which (e.g. frosty pod rot and cocoa pod borer) have increased dramatically in geographical range and are sometimes described as "invasive species".

## Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases :
| Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (artificial inoculations) |
| Stripe | Pectobacterium carotovorum |

## Fungal diseases

Fungal and Oomycete diseases :
| Anthracnose | Glomerella cingulata |
| Armillaria root rot | Armillaria mellea |
| Black pod disease | Phytophthora capsici Phytophthora citrophthora Phytophthora heveae Phytophthora megakarya Phytophthora palmivora |
| Black root | Rosellinia bunodes Rosellinia pepo |
| Brown root | Phellinus noxius |
| Canker | Phytophthora citrophthora Phytophthora palmivora Ceratocystis fimbriata |
| Ceratocystis wilt | Ceratocystis cacaofunesta Ceratocystis moniliformis Ceratocystis paradoxa |
| Collar crack | Armillariella mellea Armillariella tabescens |
| Collar rot | Ustulina deusta |
| Cushion gall (green-point gall) | Nectria rigidiuscula = Fusarium decemcellulare |
| Dieback | Physiological, stress induced, more than 80 fungal species associated with this syndrome |
| Frosty pod | Moniliophthora roreri |
| Horse hair blight | Crinipellis sarmentosa |
| Lasiodiplodia pod rot | Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Botryodiplodia theobromae |
| Leaf anthracnose | Colletotrichum spp. |
| Macrophoma pod rot | Macrophoma spp. |
| Frosty pod rot | Moniliophthora roreri |
| Phytophthora pod rot | Phytophthora capsici Phytophthora citrophthora Phytophthora hevae Phytophthora megakarya Phytophthora palmivora |
| Pink disease | Erythricium salmonicolor |
| Sudden death | Verticillium dahliae Mycoleptodiscus terrestris |
| Thread blight | Ceratobasidium koleroga |
| Trachysphaera pot rot (mealy pod) | Trachysphaera fructigena |
| Vascular streak dieback | Oncobasidium theobromae |
| Violet root rot | Nectria mauritiicola = Sphaerostilbe repens |
| Wet root rot | Ganoderma philippii |
| White root rot | Rigidoporus microporus = Rigidoporus lignosus |
| White thread | Marasmiellus scandens |
| Witch's broom | Moniliophthora perniciosa |

## Miscellaneous diseases

Miscellaneous diseases :
| Algal disease | Cephaleuros virescens |
| Cherelle wilt | Physiological, no specific pathogen involved |

## Insect pests

* Cocoa mirids or capsids worldwide (but especially Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobroma in West Africa and Helopeltis spp. in Southeast Asia)
* Bathycoelia thalassina - West Africa
* Conopomorpha cramerella (cocoa pod borer – in Southeast Asia)
* Carmenta theobromae - C. & S. America

## Nematodes, parasitic

Nematodes, parasitic :
| Awl nematode | Dolichodorus spp. |
| Cyst nematode | Heterodera spp. |
| Dagger nematode | Xiphinema spp. |
| Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus spp. |
| Reniform nematode | Rotylenchulus spp. |
| Ring nematode | Hoplolaimus spp. |
| Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne spp. |
| Spiral nematode | Helicotylenchus spp. |
| Stubby root nematode | Trichodorus spp. |

## Parasitic plants

Mistletoes :
* Dendrophthora spp.
* Loranthus spp.
* Oryctanthus spp.
* Phoradendron spp.
* Phthirusa spp.
* Tapinanthus spp.

## Viral and viroid diseases

Viral and viroid diseases :
* Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV)
* Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV)
* Cocoa necrosis virus (CNV)