OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Herbert Spencer Gasser

Herbert Spencer Gasser (July 5, 1888 – May 11, 1963) was an American physiologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for his work with action potentials in nerve fibers while on the faculty of Washington University in St. Louis, awarded jointly with Joseph Erlanger.

## Education

Gasser was born in Platteville, Wisconsin, to Herman Gasser and Jane Elisabeth Griswold Gasser. His father was a physician from Dornbirn in the Austrian province of Vorarlberg; his mother was of New England Yankee and German Russian ancestry.

## Biography

Gasser attended State Normal School in Platteville, then entered the University of Wisconsin in 1907. Finishing his undergraduate studies in zoology in only two years, he enrolled in the university's medical school in 1909, studying physiology under Joseph Erlanger, and pharmacology under Arthur S. Loevenhart. While still a student, he was named an instructor in pharmacology (1911). Since UW only provided preclinical medical instruction, Gasser transferred to Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1913, where he received his medical degree in 1915. He then returned to UW as a pharmacology instructor. In 1916 Gasser moved to the department of physiology at Washington University.
As the United States became involved in World War I and the armies began using chemical warfare, Gasser was urged to contribute his knowledge of human physiology to the subject. Accordingly, in the summer of 1918 he joined the Armed Forces Chemical Warfare Service in Washington D.C. After the Armistice he returned to Washington University, where he was made a professor of pharmacology in 1921.
During the years 1923–1925 Gasser studied in London, Paris and Munich under a Rockefeller Foundation grant, with the goal of improving the caliber of US medical education. After completing these studies he returned to Washington University.
In 1931 Gasser moved to New York City and became a professor of physiology at Cornell Medical College. After four years at that post, he was named the second director of the Rockefeller Institute, following the long tenure of Simon Flexner, who had founded the institute. He remained in that position until 1953. During his tenure there, he was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In 1936 Gasser and Erlanger gave a series of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, summarizing their investigations into the actions of human nerve cells. This work led to their recognition in 1944, when they jointly received the Nobel Prize (Gasser used his prize money to fund further research into the subject).
After his retirement from the Rockefeller Institute in 1953, Gasser continued his research. He published over 100 scientific papers during his lifetime. He died in New York City on May 11, 1963.
# Ellmauer Tor

The Ellmauer Tor is a 2,000-metre high rock saddle in the middle of the Kaisergebirge in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
It is the deepest saddle on the main ridge of the Wilder Kaiser between the Ostkaiser's Ackerlspitze in the East Kaiser and the Ellmauer Halt in the Central Kaiser mountains. Because there is a well-used route across the Ellmauer Tor with its unique setting, it is often referred to as the "heart of the Kaiser". From the south, seen from the general direction of Ellmau or Going, it is the distinctive notch in the Kaisergebirge between the Karlspitzen and the Goinger Halt.

## Routes

The Ellmauer Tor is the most important and most frequently used crossing in the Wilder Kaiser. On clear summer's days countless climbers walk through here. The most famous way leads from the north, from the Stripsenjochhaus through the Steinerne Rinne to the Ellmauer Tor. For this route Alpine experience, secure footing and no fear of heights are indispensable, even though it is well safeguarded. No less popular is the way from the south, from the Wochenbrunner Alm either via the Gaudeamus Hut or via the Grutten Hut and the Jubiläumssteig to Ellmauer Tor. This route is easier, but very exposed to the sun. The Tor has an amazing panorama of the surrounding rock scenery and a view south to the High Tauern, the highest mountains in Austria. It is also the starting point for ascents of the Goinger Halt and Karlspitzen.
In winter, the climb through the Kübel cirque (Kübelkar) is one of the most popular ski tours in the region .
# Hammer Creek Bridge

Hammer Creek Bridge may refer to the following bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania:
* Erb's Covered Bridge on Erbs Bridge Road
* Brunnerville Road Bridge over Hammer Creek
# PSR J2222−0137

PSR J2222−0137 is a nearby intermediate-mass binary pulsar at a distance of 267+1.2 −0.9 pc (approximately 870 light-years), whose low-mass neutron star's companion is a white dwarf (PSR J2222−0137 B). The white dwarf has a relatively large mass of 1.319 ± 0.004 M$_☉$ and a temperature less than 3,000 K, meaning it is likely crystallized, leading to this Earth-sized white dwarf being described as a "diamond-star".
# HMS Neptune

Nine ships and a naval base of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Neptune after the Roman god of the ocean:
* HMS Neptune (1683) was a 90-gun second rate launched in 1683. She was rebuilt in 1710 and 1730 before being renamed HMS Torbay in her new incarnation as a third rate in 1750. She was sold in 1784.
* HMS Neptune (1757) was a 90-gun second rate launched in 1757. She was hulked in 1784 and broken up in 1816.
* HMS Neptune (1797) was a 98-gun second rate launched in 1797. She fought at the battle of Trafalgar and was broken up in 1818.
* HMS Neptune was to have been a 120-gun first rate. She was renamed HMS Royal George (1827) in 1822, before being launched in 1827. Royal George was sold in 1875.
* HMS Neptune (1832) was a 120-gun first rate launched in 1832. She was rebuilt as a 72-gun third rate with screw propulsion in 1859 and was sold in 1875.
* HMS Neptune (1863) was a coastguard cutter built in 1863 and sold in 1905.
* HMS Neptune (1874) was an ironclad warship launched in 1874 as Independência, intended for the Brazilian Navy. Acquired by the Royal Navy in 1878, she was sold in 1903.
* HMS Neptune (1909) was an early dreadnought launched in 1909 and scrapped in 1922.
* HMS Neptune (20) was a Leander-class light cruiser launched in 1933 and sunk in a minefield off Tripoli in 1941.
* HMS Neptune was a projected Neptune-class cruiser in the 1945 Naval Estimates, but the plans were cancelled in March 1946 and she was never ordered.
* HMS Neptune (shore establishment) is the name given to the shore establishment at HMNB Clyde.
# The Sheep (film)

The Sheep (Italian: La pecorella) is a 1920 Italian silent film directed by Pio Vanzi and starring Carmen Boni.

## Cast

* Carmen Boni
* Ignazio Lupi
* Manlio Mannozzi
* Eugenio Musso
* Fernanda Negri Pouget
# Sarah Elliott

Sarah Elliott is the name of:
* Sarah Barnwell Elliott (1848–1928), American novelist
* Sarah Elliott (cricketer) (born 1982), Australian cricket player
* Sarah Elliott (speed skater) (born 1982), American speed skater
# Kapyanga

Kapyanga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Francis Kapyanga (born 1987), Zambian politician
* James Kapyanga (1963–2021), Zambian politician
# Lamyra (fly)

Lamyra is a genus of robber flies in the family Asilidae. There are at least 30 described species in Lamyra.

## Species

These 39 species belong to the genus Lamyra:
* Lamyra amurensis (Hermann, 1914)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra antipai Weinberg & Parvu, 1999$^{cg}$
* Lamyra asprospilos Young & Hradsky, 2007$^{cg}$
* Lamyra castellanii (Hradsky, 1962)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra caucasicus Richter, 1971$^{cg}$
* Lamyra caudatus Lehr, 1991$^{cg}$
* Lamyra dimidiata (Loew, 1847)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra dioctriaeformis (Meigen, 1820)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra fmbriata (Meigen, 1820)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra fortunatus Baez & Weinberg, 1981$^{cg}$
* Lamyra fuliginosa (Panzer, 1798)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra fulva (Meigen, 1804)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra greatheadi Oldroyd, 1974$^{cg}$
* Lamyra gulo (Loew, 1851)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra hamardabanica Lehr, 1991$^{cg}$
* Lamyra ignea (Meigen, 1820)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra isshikii (Matsumura, 1916)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra komure (Matsumura, 1911)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra lapponica (Zetterstedt, 1838)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra loewi (Lehr, 1991)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra marginata (Linnaeus, 1758)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra montanus Lehr, 1977$^{cg}$
* Lamyra mouchai Hradsky, 1985$^{cg}$
* Lamyra nigrovittata (Matsumura, 1916)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra nikolaevi Lehr, 1977$^{cg}$
* Lamyra nobilis (Walker, 1871)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra perrara Lehr, 1991$^{cg}$
* Lamyra pleskei Becker & Stein, 1913$^{cg}$
* Lamyra potanini Lehr, 1991$^{cg}$
* Lamyra rossi Oldroyd, 1974$^{cg}$
* Lamyra rufipes (Fallen, 1814)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra scelestus Richter, 1974$^{cg}$
* Lamyra steinbergi Richter, 1964$^{cg}$
* Lamyra taiga Lehr, 1991$^{cg}$
* Lamyra tenebrosus Esipenko, 1974$^{cg}$
* Lamyra ursula (Loew, 1851)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra vorax Loew, 1858$^{cg}$
* Lamyra xanthotrix (Hermann, 1914)$^{cg}$
* Lamyra yaeyamana Haupt & Azuma, 1998$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Herbert Lyons

Herbert William Lyons (30 September 1888 – 1 September 1958) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly multi-member seat of Barossa from 1933 to 1938 for the Liberal and Country League.
# Ella Ungermann

Ella Christoffersen Ungermann (1891–1921) was a Danish stage actress. While working as a secretary, without any formal training she made her debut in April 1909 in Copenhagen's Odd Fellows Palæet in a semi-private performance of Hønsegaarden. After two years at Odense Teater, she moved back to Copenhagen where she was engaged by the Royal Danish Theatre in 1914. Enjoying considerable success for several years, she committed suicide in September 1921, a few days after playing Leonora in Holberg's Det lykkelige Skibbrud.

## Early life and education

Born in Slagelse on 17 February 1891, Ella Christiffersen Ungermann was the daughter of the baker Valdemar Christoffersen (1859–1937) and Marie Christine Ungermann (1868–1941). In October 1918, she married the painter Albert Emil August Schleppegrell Naur (1889–1973). They had no children.
After completing her Realskole education in 1907, she took up secretarial work in Copenhagen. Without any formal training in drama, she made her debut on 28 April 1909 in Hønsegaarden in a semi-private performance in Copenhagen's Odd Fellows Palæet. She then went on to perform a variety of tasks in Odense over the next two years, including a role in Schiller's Maria Stuart.

## Career

In 1911, she returned to Copenhagen, intending to undergo training at the Royal Theatre School. Before she could do so, however, she was engaged by Ivar Schmidt to perform at Det Ny Teater as Dina Dorf in Ibsen's Samfundets Stætter. Other successes in Odense included En Vesterbrodreng and Lovens Arm.
In 1914, she was engaged by the Royal Theatre to perform the title role in Hadda Padda by the Icelandic dramatist Guðmundur Kamban. Thereafter Ungermann underwent a painful chin operation which successfully cured her lisp. She nevertheless continued to be concerned about her lack of a formal theatrical education, suffering from a serious minority complex. On the stage, however, she performed faultlessly, showing no signs of her concerns. She excelled, for example, in Holger Drachmann's melodrama Vølund Smed.
Suffering not only from a lack of confidence but also from the limited opportunities for performing attractive roles in the early 1920s, when only 30 years of age Ella Ungermann committed suicide on 23 September 1921, just a few days after playing Leonora in Det lykkelige Skibbrud. She was buried in Søllerød Cemetery.
# Ted Leonard

Theodore Michael Leonard (born September 22, 1971) is an American vocalist and guitarist, best known as the lead singer for the progressive rock band Enchant. He has also provided lead vocals for Thought Chamber, Spock's Beard, and Pattern-Seeking Animals as well as backing vocals, guitars, and keyboards for the 2014 and 2022 Transatlantic live tours.
Leonard's influences include Paul Rodgers, Doug Pinnick/King's X, Jellyfish, Steve Walsh/Kansas, Yes, Rush, Tears for Fears, Neal Morse, Steve Perry, and Queensrÿche.

## Discography
### Solo albums

* Way Home (2007)

### Enchant

* A Blueprint of the World (1993)
* Wounded (1996)
* Time Lost (1997)
* Break (1998)
* Juggling 9 Or Dropping 10 (2000)
* Blink of an Eye (2002)
* Tug of War (2003)
* Live at Last (2004)
* The Great Divide (2014)

### Spock's Beard

* Live at High Voltage Festival (2011)
* Brief Nocturnes and Dreamless Sleep (2013)
* The Oblivion Particle (2015)
* Noise Floor (2018)

### Thought Chamber

* Angular Perceptions (2007)
* Psykerion (2013)

### Xen

* 84.000 Dharma Doors (1999)

### Affector

* Harmagedon (2012)

### Andrew Gorczyca

* Reflections - An Act of Glass (2009)

### Transatlantic

* KaLIVEoscope (2014)
* The Final Flight: Live at L'Olympia (2023)
* Live at Morsefest 2022: The Absolute Whirlwind (2024)

### Neal Morse

* Jesus Christ - The Exorcist (2019)
* The Dreamer - Joseph, Pt. 1 (2023)

### Pattern-Seeking Animals

* Pattern-Seeking Animals (2019)
* Prehensile Tales (2020)
* Only Passing Through (2022)
* Spooky Action at a Distance (2023)
# Hal Schwenk

Harold Edward "Hal" Schwenk (August 23, 1890 – September 4, 1955) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher who played in one game for the St. Louis Browns on September 4, 1913.
# Pachnoda impressa

Pachnoda impressa, the green and yellow fruit chafer, is a species of beetles of the family Scarabaeidae and subfamily Cetoniinae.

## Description

Pachnoda impressa can reach a body length of about 20–25 millimetres (0.79–0.98 in). Basic color is greenish-brown, with yellow-orange markings on the elytra.

## Distribution

This species can be found in Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Tanzania. It is quite common in the equatorial African bush.
# Storybook Island

Storybook Island is a children's amusement park in Rapid City, South Dakota with playgrounds and attractions based on locations and various characters found in children's books. The park was founded in 1959 by Merle Gunderson in association with the Rapid City Rotary Club. The park is free admission to the general public and relies on donations from its visitors and the community. The park is open Memorial weekend through Labor Day.

## Attractions

The park features large sculptures depicting characters and scenes from works including Yogi Bear, Humpty Dumpty, The Cat in the Hat, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and Winnie-the-Pooh.
The park also has several playgrounds and a theater that performs children's plays and other acts.

## History

The park was created on August 16, 1959, and was the product of donations from residents of Rapid City along with many local clubs and businesses at the time.The park has been open every year since its creation except for the year of the 1972 Black Hills flood, which caused extensive damage to the park and surrounding community.
Most of the play areas washed away in the flood, since the park is located near Rapid Creek (South Dakota) on the west side of Rapid city.
In recent years the park has made changes and improvements such as making wheelchair-accessible playsets and adding braille signs.
# ITools Resourceome

iTools is a distributed infrastructure for managing, discovery, comparison and integration of computational biology resources. iTools employs Biositemap technology to retrieve and service meta-data about diverse bioinformatics data services, tools, and web-services. iTools is developed by the National Centers for Biomedical Computing as part of the NIH Road Map Initiative.
# Charles Fenton Sr.

Charles Benjamin Monds Fenton (25 November 1839 – 1 September 1908) was an Australian politician. He was the Protectionist member for Wellington in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1893 to 1897. He died in 1908 in Burnie.
# Landau prime ideal theorem

In algebraic number theory, the prime ideal theorem is the number field generalization of the prime number theorem. It provides an asymptotic formula for counting the number of prime ideals of a number field K, with norm at most X.

## Example

What to expect can be seen already for the Gaussian integers. There for any prime number p of the form 4n + 1, p factors as a product of two Gaussian primes of norm p. Primes of the form 4n + 3 remain prime, giving a Gaussian prime of norm p$^2$. Therefore, we should estimate
    $2r(X)+r^{\prime }({\sqrt {X}})$
where r counts primes in the arithmetic progression 4n + 1, and r′ in the arithmetic progression 4n + 3. By the quantitative form of Dirichlet's theorem on primes, each of r(Y) and r′(Y) is asymptotically
    ${\frac {Y}{2\log Y}}.$
Therefore, the 2r(X) term dominates, and is asymptotically
    ${\frac {X}{\log X}}.$

## General number fields

This general pattern holds for number fields in general, so that the prime ideal theorem is dominated by the ideals of norm a prime number. As Edmund Landau proved in Landau 1903, for norm at most X the same asymptotic formula
    ${\frac {X}{\log X}}$
always holds. Heuristically this is because the logarithmic derivative of the Dedekind zeta-function of K always has a simple pole with residue −1 at s = 1.
As with the Prime Number Theorem, a more precise estimate may be given in terms of the logarithmic integral function. The number of prime ideals of norm ≤ X is
    $\mathrm {Li} (X)+O_{K}(X\exp(-c_{K}{\sqrt {\log(X)}})),\,$
where c$_K$ is a constant depending on K.
# Henry Scholfield

Henry Chadwick Scholfield (September 19, 1866 - September 4, 1935) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral districts of Wellington South from 1911 to 1914, and St. George from 1926 to 1934, in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He was a member of the Ontario Conservative Party.
Born in Lloydtown, Ontario, he worked for The Dominion Bank in his youth, eventually becoming manager of a branch in Guelph. While residing there, he was elected as MPP for Wellington South in the 1911 election. He subsequently became cofounder and vice-president of Page-Hersey and Company, moving to Toronto as the company expanded its operations. He was elected to the legislature as MPP for St. George's in the 1926 election, and was reelected in the 1929 election. In his final term in the legislature he served as a minister without portfolio in the government of George Henry.
After retiring from politics in 1934, Scholfield suffered a heart attack in late August 1935, and died ten days later at his home in Toronto.
# Elworthy (disambiguation)

Elworthy may refer to:

## Places

* Elworthy, village in Somerset, England
* Elworthy Barrows, Iron Age hill fort about 2 km from Elworthy village

## People

* Charles Elworthy, Baron Elworthy (1911–1993), Royal Air Force senior officer, Chief of the UK Defence Staff
* Charles Elworthy (scientist) (born 1961), New Zealand economist and social scientist
* David Elworthy, British mathematician
* Edward Elworthy (1836–1899), New Zealand farmer and businessman
* Frank Elworthy (1893–1978), South African cricketer
* Frederick Thomas Elworthy (1830–1907), English philologist and antiquary
* Jonathan Elworthy (1936–2005), New Zealand politician
* Sir Peter Elworthy (1935–2004), New Zealand farmer and businessman
* Robert Pearce Elworthy (1845 – 1925), British entrepreneur
* Scilla Elworthy (born 1943), Scottish founder of the Oxford Research Group for dialogue on nuclear weapons policy and of Peace Direct supporting peace-builders in conflict areas
* Steve Elworthy (born 1965), South African former international cricketer, now a cricket administrator
# Heritage Village Open

The Heritage Village Open was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 1971 to 1973. It was played at the Heritage Village Country Club in Southbury, Connecticut.

## Winners
### Heritage Village Open

* 1973 Susie Berning
* 1972 Judy Rankin

### Heritage Open

* 1971 Sandra Palmer
# Hamadab Stela

The Hamadab Stela is a colossal sandstone stela found at Hamadab just south of the ancient site of Meroë in Sudan. Now kept at the British Museum, the significance of the stela resides in the fact that it is inscribed with one of the longest known texts in the Meroitic script.

## Discovery

The stela was found by the British archaeologist John Garstang in 1914 at the site of Hamadab, which is located a few kilometres south of Meroë, the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Kush. One of a pair, the excavators discovered the stelae either side of the main doorway into a small temple. As part of the division of finds, the stela to the left of the doorway was given to the British Museum, while the other was left in situ.

## Description

The stela is in good condition, although part of the top is missing. The upper part includes a frieze showing the Kushite rulers Queen Amanirenas and Prince Akinidad facing various Egyptian deities including Amun and Mut. Below this royal scene is a relief depicting bound prisoners. A 42-line inscription in Meroitic cursive script is engraved beneath this.

## Meroitic script

Meroitic was the principal language of the Kingdom of Kush. Poorly understood by modern scholars, it remains untranslatable, although most letters of the Meroitic alphabet are now known (even though the meaning of most words remain obscure). In this inscription, the names of the two monarchs Amanirenas and Akinidad are clearly discernible. It has been proposed that the Hamabad Stela may commemorate a Kushite raid on Roman Egypt in 24 BC. One outcome of these raids could have been the looting of the Meroë Head from a city in Lower Egypt.

## Gallery

* Detail of inscription
# P. M. de Respour

P. M. de Respour, a Flemish metallurgist and alchemist, was the first person to extract metallic zinc from zinc oxide, which he did in 1668.

## Original works

* De Respour, P. M.: Rare Experiences svr l'esprit mineral..' Paris, France (1498)
# Stigmella acerna

Stigmella acerna is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in Turkmenistan.
The larvae feed on Acer species.
# Hünern

Hünern may refer to the former German name of the following villages in Poland:
* Psary, Oława County
* Psary, Trzebnica County
# Kamp

Kamp or KAMP may refer to:

## Geography

* Kamp (river), Austria
* Kamp (Bad Doberan), a park in the German town of Bad Doberan
* Kamp, a district of the German municipality Kamp-Bornhofen
* Kamp, a district of the German municipality Kamp-Lintfort
* Kamp Mound Site, Illinois, United States

## American radio stations

* KAMP-LP, a low-power radio station licensed to St. Michael, Alaska
* KAMP (University of Arizona), a student-run radio station in Tucson, Arizona
* KNX-FM, a radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California, formerly KAMP (2009) and KAMP-FM (2009–2021)
* KAMP (AM), a sports radio station licensed to Aurora, Colorado, and serving the Denver metropolitan area

## Other uses

* Kamp (surname)
* Hotel Kämp, Helsinki, Finland
* Kamp Store, Kampsville, Illinois, United States, on the National Register of Historic Places
* Kutaisi Auto Mechanical Plant (KAMP), Kutaisi, Georgia
# Land Cruiser War

Land Cruiser War may refer to:
* War in Darfur, conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan, nicknamed the "Land Cruiser War" by Sudanese rebels
* Toyota War, 1986-87 war on the Chad–Libya border, named after the Toyota Hilux and Land Cruiser vehicles used in it
# Herbort of Fritzlar

Herbort von Fritzlar was a cleric and writer. He wrote the German-language epic Song of Troy, comprising 18,458 verses in Middle High German, probably around 1190 to 1200.
# M95 (Johannesburg)

The M95 is a short metropolitan route in the Greater Johannesburg metropolitan area, South Africa.

## Route

The M95 begins at the M7 and ends at the R554.
# Herpetogramma pseudomagna

Herpetogramma pseudomagna is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hiroshi Yamanaka in 1976. It is found in Japan and China.
The wingspan is 27–29 mm.