OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cardonia, Indiana

Cardonia is an unincorporated community in Van Buren Township, Clay County, Indiana. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Cardonia was founded in the year 1871 as a coal mining town. It was named for John F. Card, a mining official. A post office was established in Cardonia in 1879, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1909.

## Geography

Cardonia is located at 39°33′42″N 87°06′28″W﻿ / ﻿39.56167°N 87.10778°W﻿ / 39.56167; -87.10778.
# Proteasome ATPase

In enzymology, a proteasome ATPase (EC 3.6.4.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    ATP + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ ADP + phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and H$_2$O, whereas its two products are ADP and phosphate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-degrading).
# Bricomarché

Bricomarché offer decorating, DIY, materials, gardening and pet products lines. Founded in 1979, and operating 500 stores in 3 countries (Poland, Portugal and France), each store's sales area is between 1,500 and 2,300 m$^2$, and have three basic principles:
* Proximity to customers
* Low Prices
* Every thing sold under one roof
Before the re-brand in 2008, other stores called 'Logimarché' offered DIY sales in rural areas, selling DIY, decorating and gardening products. The Logimarché chain was formed in 1998 and operated 60 stores in France. The stores have a total sales area of 540 m$^2$. In October 2008, Logimarché was replaced with the Bricomarché brand.
# Bricolage (software)

Bricolage was a content management system (CMS) written in the Perl programming language.
Bricolage was described as an Enterprise Class CMS, competitive in features and capability to high end, high cost proprietary products. Examples of organizations whose web sites use Bricolage include the World Health Organization, Rand Corporation, Macworld, and The Tyee.
Originally authored by David Wheeler to manage content for Salon.com, Bricolage is now maintained by a small group of core developers. Released under the revised BSD license, Bricolage is free and open source software.

## Design

Bricolage ran on the Apache web server on the Linux, BSD, Mac OS X and Solaris platforms. It can use either the PostgreSQL, MySQL and Oracle database management system and mod_perl.
Bricolage was inherently a multi user CMS, designed to manage workflow for large websites with many contributors. Bricolage uses a template development model and completely separates presentation from management of content. The CMS did reside on a different server than the web site or other data store being managed.
Native PHP support was added in Bricolage 1.10, that embeds a PHP 5 interpreter inside a Perl 5 interpreter. As a result, PHP code runs in a native PHP 5 environment, but can also transparently make use of any and all Perl libraries, including the complete Bricolage API.

## Etymology

The name is probably based on the noun bricolage, meaning "Something constructed using whatever was available at the time".
# Jukka Juusti

Jukka Matti Juusti (born 16 May 1955) is a Finnish Engineer Major General (special officer), retired, and he holds a Master of Science degree in technology. When appointed as Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence as of 1 January 2016, he followed Arto Räty in this post. Prior to the appointment, he acted as the Director of the Resource Policy Department in 2012–2015.
Juusti was born in Oulu. He took his matriculation examination at the upper secondary school of Riihimäki in 1974 and went on to study at Helsinki University of Technology where, in 1979, he completed his master's degree in the department of electrical engineering. He also completed the master's degree in Defence Administration in Great Britain in 1989. Jukka Juusti has a long career in the defence administration and he has also held various international positions. His career in the defence administration includes the positions as Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics and Armaments (2011-2012); Chief Engineer of the Finnish Defence Forces (2006); and Chief of Armaments of the Finnish Defence Forces. He has also worked as a defence adviser at the Mission of Finland to Nato in Brussels from 1999 to 2003 and as Armaments Director in the European Defence Agency from 2008 to 2010.
There was a political debate on the proposal to appoint Juusti as Permanent Secretary; this also raised a lot of public discussion as the National Coalition Party and a number of experts wished that Arto Räty would continue in the position. The then Minister of Finance Alexander Stubb (National Coalition Party) requested referral of the matter. According to expert public servants, both generals were equally qualified for the task. The Government made a decision in line with the proposal of Minister of Defence Jussi Niinistö (True Finns) and Juusti was appointed. According to Niinistö, Juusti combines military and civilian competences, technical expertise and financial skills.
# Bridging

Bridging may refer to:

## Construction

* Building of bridges across a gap
* Cross bracing used between joists to stabilize them

## Electronics and computing

* In electronics, using a low source impedance to drive a large load impedance for maximum voltage transfer, called impedance bridging
* In electronics, a method of connecting a load to two amplifiers to increase available voltage, called a bridged amplifier
* Bridging (networking), a packet forwarding technique used in computer networks
* Bridging (programming), a system that allows different programming languages to share common resources
* Communication protocol bridge,
* In electronic assembly, a solder bridge is an (unintended) electrical connection between two conductors by means of a small blob of solder. PCB's use solder masks to prevent this from happening.

## Transport

* The procedure by which oil products such as diesel or petrol are moved ("bridged") by road tanker from one oil depot to another.
* Using a transport ship to move infantry or armor across bodies of water in one turn in the board game Axis and Allies.

## Medicine

* The binding of an antigen molecule by two IgE antibodies bound to a mast cell or basophil granulocyte, leading to degranulation.
* Bridging vein

## Education

* The bridging between international training and a country's requisites through a bridge program (higher education)
* The bridging between secondary and post-secondary studies at a university, such as the Academic Bridging Program at Woodsworth College, Toronto.

## Sport

* Bridge (exercise)
* In grappling, the technique of pushing the hips upwards to offbalance a top opponent, for instance by trying to escape the mount.
* Supporting the cue stick near its tip for a shot in billiards either by hand or sometimes with the help of a mechanical bridge.
* A climbing technique, used for climbing corners.
* In basketball, the act of trying to box out an airborne opponent (while shooting or rebounding, for example), getting under the opponent's legs and causing him or her to become unbalanced and topple to the ground
* In bench pressing, the technique of pushing the hips upward to gain a mechanical advantage allowing for favorable angling and synergy among the pectorals, deltoids, and triceps to press the weight upward while decreasing the distance the bar must travel to complete the lift.

## Other uses

* A technique used in animal training
* Bridged molecules (chemistry)
* A compaction of material at the base of a storage silo which can interfere with the flow of the silo contents
* In Unitarian Universalist communities, the passing from one age range and its group(s), on into another age range and the group(s) for those occupying it
* In Girl Scouts of the USA, the move from one age grouping to another (Brownies to Juniors to Cadettes to Seniors) and completion of specific requirements
# Bridging integrator 3

Bridging integrator 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BIN3 gene.

## Function

The product of this gene is a member of the BAR domain protein family. The encoded protein is composed solely of a BAR domain which is predicted to form coiled coil structures and proposed to mediate dimerization, sense and induce membrane curvature, and bind small GTPases. BAR domain proteins have been implicated in endocytosis, intracellular transport, and a diverse set of other processes.
# Jules Depaquit

Jules Depaquit (14 November 1869 - 11 July 1924) was a French illustrator, caricaturist, poet, comics artist, scriptwriter for plays, and lithographer.
# Julia Pavón

Julia Pavón or Julia Pavón Benito (born 1968) is a Spanish historian and Professor of Medieval History at the University of Navarra in Pamplona.

## Life

Pavón was born in 1968 in Madrid. In 1991 she obtained her first degree in history and geography from the University of Zaragoza. She obtained her doctorate at the University of Navarra in 1996 with Ángel Martín Duque as her supervisor. She is a full Professor of Medieval History in that university's Department of History, Art History and Geography. In 2012 she became the director of that department until in 2019 she was promoted to be the Vice Dean of Academic Planning of Philosophy and Letters.
She has studied the attitudes, representations and experiences of the medieval people before their death. In 1985 she wrote and published the book Silencio tengan en claustra : monacato femenino en la Navarra medieval.
Pavón collaborates with the University of Barcelona's Claustra project . Atlas of female spirituality in the Middle Ages . This project was born in 2004 with the aim of cataloging and geographically positioning the monasteries of medieval women, existing from the beginning of the Middle Ages until the middle of the 16th century. As a result of this collaboration, "Silence keep in claustra. Monacato feminine in medieval Navarra", a cartography of the female Navarrese monacatos has been published.

## Works

* Silencio tengan en claustra : monacato femenino en la Navarra medieval, 1985
# Playa Forti

Playa Forti is a beach on the Caribbean island of Curaçao, located near the village of Westpunt in the north-west of the Island. It is a sandy beach with small pebbles. There are a snack bar and a restaurant. Close to the restaurant, there is a spot where one can make a 45-feet jump from a cliff into the sea. The lyrics "We're going to jump at Playa Forti" (Dutch: Bij Playa Forti gaan we springen) figure in a song of the Curaçao group: "Diverse Sauzen".
# Plebs eburnus

The spider species Plebs eburnus is commonly referred to as the eastern grass orb-weaver or the eastern bush orb-weaver, and sometimes more simply as the bush orb-weaver. It is an orb-weaver spider from the family Araneidae endemic to Australia. It is a very common spider with distinctive white markings (although these marking can be quite variable), which give it the species name eburnus pertaining to ivory. It is found in scrub and tall grasses where the female constructs a vertical web usually no more than 2 metres from the ground, and stays there day and night. The web of some of these spiders has been seen to be decorated with nearly vertical stabilimentum (like a clockface at 5 minutes to 5 or its mirror image). The stabilimentum of the related P.cyphoxis is usually observed vertical (like a clockface at 6 o'clock).

## Description

On the underside of the abdomen, along with other members of the genus Plebs, there is a characteristic U-shaped white marking with two white spots either side of the spinnerets. The females, as with most spiders, are larger than the males and are around 8mm in length, compared to just 5mm in length for the males.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1886 as Epeira eburna. It was transferred to the genus Araneus and then in 2012 into a newly described genus Plebs. It is closely related to the western bush orb-weaver, P. cyphoxis.

## Distribution

P. eburnus can be found in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory and South Australia. Some rare occurrences have been observed in Western Australia although this is not part of the typical range of this species. The ranges of this species and P. cyphoxis overlap in South Australia.
# Pleuro

Pleuro is a village in northern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Dikodougou, Dikodougou Department, Poro Region, Savanes District.
Pleuro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Juan de Lucena

Juan de Lucena (1430–1506) was a Spanish humanist.

## Biography

In 1476, Lucena created printing presses in two villages of the Province of Toledo: Villarejo de Montalbán and Toledo. These presses were utilized solely for printing Hebrew books. In particular, books that were in demand among the Jews living in Granada were printed by the presses, including the Bible, Orhot hayim, and Halakhot, the latter two having been written by Spanish Jews for legal purposes. All of these books were destroyed due to the Inquisition, causing the only remains of them to be small pieces. Lucena was the first known Spanish printer of Hebrew writings.
Before 1481, Lucena worked with Íñigo de Burgos and Pedro de Monbil, the former a converso like Lucena and the later a Christian. In 1481, the Inquisition investigated Lucena and Monbil. Lucena, along with his sons, fled from Spain, first going to Portugal. He later moved to Rome, Italy, where he served Pope Pius II as a position similar to an ambassador of the Catholic Monarchs.
Lucena wrote the dialogue Libro de vida beata. According to Martinez-Torrejon in the scientific journal Modern Language Notes, the work was dated from 1463 in Rome; however, the book Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain claims that Lucena did not flee to Rome until long after 1463, and that the work was written in Portugal, to which he had moved after 1481. The dialogue examines the concept of whether it is possible for humans to achieve happiness, concluding that it is not. Lorenzo Valla had said in 1431 that because humans seek goals and are satisfied when they achieve something, it is natural for them to achieve happiness. Due to a misunderstanding of the text, thinking that it was "a defense of face-value Epicureanism", the Inquisition prosecuted Valla in 1444. Bartolomeo Facio, who had been an opponent of Valla since 1446, wrote De felicitate in 1448, opposing the viewpoint of Valla. Facio's work is what Lucena based his dialogue on. According to Modern Language Notes, Libro de vida beta is a "privileged text for the study of the cultural movement in which it was produced".
Little information is available about Juan de Lucena's life and career, partially because of several other conversos of the fifteenth century having the same name.
# Playter

Playter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* George Playter (1809–1866), Canadian Methodist minister, historian and writer
* Wellington A. Playter (1879–1937), English actor
# Plecopterodes

Plecopterodes is an Afrotropical genus of moths of the family Erebidae.

## Species

The species include:
* Plecopterodes clytie Gaede, 1936
* Plecopterodes deprivata Warren, 1914
* Plecopterodes dissidens Gaede, 1914
* Plecopterodes exigua Gaede, 1914
* Plecopterodes gandolfii Berio, 1939
* Plecopterodes griseicilia (Hampson, 1910)
* Plecopterodes heterochroa (Hampson, 1910)
* Plecopterodes lutosa (Grünberg, 1910)
* Plecopterodes melliflua (Holland, 1897)
* Plecopterodes moderata (Wallengren, 1860)
* Plecopterodes molybdena Berio, 1954
* Plecopterodes molybdopasta (Hampson, 1910)
* Plecopterodes synethes Hampson, 1913
# Plecotini

Plecotini is a tribe of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. It contains several genera found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, in Eurasia, North Africa, and North America. Several genera in this tribe are known as big-eared bats or long-eared bats. It also contains the spotted bat and barbastelles.
The oldest fossil record of this group is Qinetia from the early Oligocene of Belgium.

## Species

Species in the tribe include:
* Genus Barbastella – barbastelles or barbastelle bats
** Western barbastelle, Barbastella barbastellus
** Beijing barbastelle, Barbastella beijingensis
** Caspian barbastelle, Barbastella caspica
** Eastern barbastelle or Asian barbastelle, Barbastella darjelingensis
** Arabian barbastelle, Barbastella leucomelas
** Japanese barbastelle, Barbastella pacifica
* Genus Corynorhinus – American lump-nosed bats
** Rafinesque's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii
** Mexican big-eared bat, Corynorhinus mexicanus
** Townsend's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii
* Genus Euderma
** Spotted bat, Euderma maculatum
* Genus Idionycteris
** Allen's big-eared bat, Idionycteris phyllotis
* Genus Otonycteris
** Desert long-eared bat, Otonycteris hemprichii
** Turkestani long-eared bat, Otonycteris leucophaea
* Genus Plecotus – lump-nosed bats
** Brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus
** Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus
** Ethiopian long-eared bat, Plecotus balensis
** Christie's long-eared bat, Plecotus christii
** Gaisler's long-eared bat, Plecotus gaisleri
** Himalayan long-eared bat, Plecotus homochrous
** Mediterranean long-eared bat, Plecotus kolombatovici
** Kozlov's long-eared bat, Plecotus kozlovi
** Alpine long-eared bat, Plecotus macrobullaris
** Ognev's long-eared bat Plecotus ognevi
** Japanese long-eared bat, Plecotus sacrimontis
** Sardinian long-eared bat, Plecotus sardus
** Strelkov's long-eared bat, Plecotus strelkovi
** Taiwan long-eared bat, Plecotus taivanus
** Canary long-eared bat, Plecotus teneriffae
** Turkmen long-eared bat, Plecotus turkmenicus
** Ward's long-eared bat, Plecotus wardi

### Fossil species

* †Qinetia
** †Qinetia misonnei (early Oligocene of Belgium)
# Plochionus timidus

Plochionus timidus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.
# Broken by Silence

Broken by Silence is the first studio EP by British synthpop band Mirrors. The EP was first available during the Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark tour in Germany in November 2010 for which Mirrors were the support act. On sale during the tour will be a CD EP entitled Broken By Silence which will not be available on-line. The EP was later made available on the Skint Records website due to popular demand.
# Broken diagonal

In recreational mathematics and the theory of magic squares, a broken diagonal is a set of n cells forming two parallel diagonal lines in the square. Alternatively, these two lines can be thought of as wrapping around the boundaries of the square to form a single sequence.

## In pandiagonal magic squares

A magic square in which the broken diagonals have the same sum as the rows, columns, and diagonals is called a pandiagonal magic square.
Examples of broken diagonals from the number square in the image are as follows: 3,12,14,5; 10,1,7,16; 10,13,7,4; 15,8,2,9; 15,12,2,5; and 6,13,11,4.
The fact that this square is a pandiagonal magic square can be verified by checking that all of its broken diagonals add up to the same constant:
    3+12+14+5 = 34
    10+1+7+16 = 34
    10+13+7+4 = 34
One way to visualize a broken diagonal is to imagine a "ghost image" of the panmagic square adjacent to the original:
The set of numbers {3, 12, 14, 5} of a broken diagonal, wrapped around the original square, can be seen starting with the first square of the ghost image and moving down to the left.

## In linear algebra

Broken diagonals are used in a formula to find the determinant of 3 by 3 matrices.
For a 3 × 3 matrix A, its determinant is
    ${\begin{aligned}|A|={\begin{vmatrix}a&b&c\\d&e&f\\g&h&i\end{vmatrix}}&=a\,{\begin{vmatrix}\Box &\Box &\Box \\\Box &e&f\\\Box &h&i\end{vmatrix}}-b\,{\begin{vmatrix}\Box &\Box &\Box \\d&\Box &f\\g&\Box &i\end{vmatrix}}+c\,{\begin{vmatrix}\Box &\Box &\Box \\d&e&\Box \\g&h&\Box \end{vmatrix}}\\[3pt]&=a\,{\begin{vmatrix}e&f\\h&i\end{vmatrix}}-b\,{\begin{vmatrix}d&f\\g&i\end{vmatrix}}+c\,{\begin{vmatrix}d&e\\g&h\end{vmatrix}}\\[3pt]&=aei+bfg+cdh-ceg-bdi-afh.\end{aligned}}$
Here, $bfg,cdh,bdi,$ and $afh$ are (products of the elements of) the broken diagonals of the matrix.
Broken diagonals are used in the calculation of the determinants of all matrices of size 3 × 3 or larger. This can be shown by using the matrix's minors to calculate the determinant.
# Bridgeport, Virginia

Bridgeport is an unincorporated community in Buckingham County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Poeonoma

Poeonoma is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

* Poeonoma acantha Tams & Bowden, 1953
* Poeonoma inermis Laporte, 1973
* Poeonoma nigribasis Laporte, 1974
* Poeonoma serrata (Hampson, 1910)
* Poeonoma similis Tams & Bowden, 1953
# Chauru

Chauru is an ILRC and village in Phagi Tehsil in Jaipur district, Rajasthan.
Chauru has eight patwar circles - Ghatiyali, Chauru North, Chauru South, Dalniya, Nareda, Mandawara, Mandawari and Mendwas.
Based on 2011 census, Chauru has 734 households with total population of 5,078 (52.46% males, 47.54% females). Total area of village is 47.57 km$^2$. There are 3 primary schools, one commercial bank and one post office in the village.

## Villages in Chauru

| Patwar circle | Village |
| Ghatiyali | Kudli |
| Ghatiyali | Gulabpura @ Gopalpura |
| Ghatiyali | Ghatiyali |
| Chauru North | Chauru North |
| Chauru South | Chauru South |
| Dalniya | Dalniya |
| Dalniya | Dhuwaliya |
| Dalniya | Nari Khera |
| Dalniya | Hachookara |
| Nareda | Nareda |
| Mandawara | Chhapri |
| Mandawara | Mandawara |
| Mandawari | Ganeshpura Faujiyan |
| Mandawari | Mandawari |
| Mendwas | Kansya |
| Mendwas | Mendwas |
# Keith Charles (actor)

Keith Charles (March 4, 1934 – July 1, 2008) was an American theatre and television actor. His work included Broadway, off-Broadway, and television roles, including recurring parts on eight soap operas. On Broadway, he originated the role of Potemkin in Jones and Schmidt's Celebration. He replaced Len Cariou in Applause, playing opposite Lauren Bacall and later Anne Baxter and Arlene Dahl. On tour with Applause he starred with Eleanor Parker. His off-Broadway career began with The Fantasticks, and he later had a featured role in Kurt Vonnegut's Happy Birthday Wanda June. He starred opposite Holland Taylor in Breakfast with Les and Bess as Les.
He worked on such 1960s and 1970s soap operas as As the World Turns (Ralph Mitchell, 1977–1979, 1988–1994), The Edge of Night (Rick Oliver, 1966), The Secret Storm (Nick Kane, 1968–1970), Love of Life (Dr. Ted Chandler 1974–1975), Search for Tomorrow, and Where the Heart Is (Robert Jardin, 1972). He worked on The Guiding Light in three different roles (Professor Alexander "Alex" McDaniels, 1974–1975, Dr. Frank Nelson, 1980-1981 and Brandon Spaulding, 1984) and was the first actor to play Ted Clayton on One Life to Live, for a year until he was replaced by another actor. His television work also included guest appearances on such nighttime shows as Law & Order, Bob Newhart, Mary Tyler Moore, Cannon, Remington Steele, Kate and Allie, and Dallas.
Charles appeared in films such as Key Exchange, Colorforms, The Royal Tenenbaums, Longtime Companion and Drop Dead Fred.
Charles died at age 74, in New York City, from lung cancer.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| 1985 | Key Exchange | Mr. Simon |
| 1989 | Longtime Companion | Martin |
| 1991 | Drop Dead Fred | Murray |
| 2001 | The Royal Tenenbaums | Royal's lawyer |
| 2003 | Colorforms | Grandfather |