OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cupalite

Cupalite is a rare mineral which is mostly composed of copper and aluminium, but might contain up to several percent of zinc or iron; its chemical structure is therefore described by an approximate formula (Cu,Zn)Al or (Cu,Fe)Al. It was discovered in 1985 in placers derived from serpentine, in association with another rare mineral khatyrkite (CuAl$_2$). Both minerals are thus far restricted to the area of the Iomrautvaam, in the Khatyrka ultramafic (silicon-poor) zone of the Koryak–Kamchatka fold area, Koryak Mountains, Anadyrsky District, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. The mineral name derives from cuprum (Latin for copper) and aluminium. Its holotype (defining sample) is preserved in the Mining Museum in Saint Petersburg, and parts of it can be found in other museums, such as Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze.

## Properties

Cupalite forms dendritic, rounded or irregular grains, typically below 0.1 millimeter in size, which are intergrown with khatyrkite. They have an orthorhombic crystal structure with a yet uncertain space group and the lattice constants a = 0.695(1) nm, b = 0.416(1) nm, c = 1.004(1) nm, and 10 formula units per unit cell. Their Mohs hardness is between 4 and 4.5 and Vickers hardness is in the range 272–318 kg/mm$^2$ for a 20–50 gram load.
Cupalite and khatyrkite are accompanied by spinel, corundum, stishovite, augite, forsteritic olivine, diopsidic clinopyroxene and several Al-Cu-Fe metal alloy minerals. They are remarkable by containing micrometre-sized grains of icosahedrite, a naturally occurring quasicrystal – aperiodic, yet ordered structure. The quasicrystal has a composition of Al$_{63}$Cu$_{24}$Fe$_{13}$ and icosahedral symmetry. The presence of unoxidized aluminium in cupalite and association with the stishovite – a form of quartz which forms exclusively at high pressures of several tens GPa – suggest that cupalite is formed either upon meteoritic impact or in the deep earth mantle.
# Gmelin-Beilstein Medal

The Gmelin-Beilstein Medal is a prize of the German Chemical Society for scientists and scholars who have made an outstanding contribution to the history of chemistry, chemistry literature or chemical information. It is awarded with a silver medal and 7,500 euros in prize money and was first awarded in 1954 and donated by Hoechst AG. It is named after Leopold Gmelin and Friedrich Konrad Beilstein, who were known for their colossal handbooks.

## Awarded

* 1954 Paul Walden, Maximilian Pflücke
* 1956 Friedrich Richter
* 1958 Wilhelm Foerst
* 1962 Erich Pietsch
* 1965 Jean Baptiste Gillis
* 1966 Eduard Kreuzhage
* 1973 Werner Schultheis
* 1976 Hans Rudolf Christen
* 1977 Günter Kresze
* 1980 Margot Becke-Goehring
* 1981 Fred A. Tate
* 1983 Robert Fugmann, Ernst Meyer
* 1987 Jürgen Schaafhausen
* 1988 Gerd M. Ahrenholz
* 1990 Christian Weiske
* 1991 Johann Gasteiger
* 1995 Christoph Meinel
* 2000 Peter Gölitz
* 2002 Ursula Schoch-Grübler
* 2005 Ute Deichmann
* 2007 Olga Kennard
* 2010 Jürgen Gmehling
* 2012 Engelbert Zaß
* 2014 Henning Hopf
* 2016 Joe P. Richmond
* 2018 René Deplanque
* 2020 Guillermo Restrepo
# Franziska Zach

Franziska Zach (1900-1930) was an Austrian painter.

## Biography

Zach was born in Losenstein, Austria on 8 February 1900. She studied art at the University of Applied Arts Vienna where she studied with Alfred Böhm and Oskar Strnad. After studying painting she went on to learn enamel work at the studio of Josef Hoffmann. She was a member of Wiener Frauenkunst (Viennese Women's Art) and the Hagenbund.
Zach traveled to France and England, settling in Paris in 1930, where she died on 13 December 1930 at the age of 30.

## Legacy

Her work was included in the 2019 exhibition City Of Women: Female artists in Vienna from 1900 to 1938 at the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere.
* Frau mit Schale, 1926
* Boat near the bay, 1929
* Beim Wäscheschwemmen, 1930
# DXSM

DXSM (774 AM) Radyo Pilipinas is a radio station owned and operated by Presidential Broadcast Service. The station's studio is located in Camp Asturias, Brgy. Asturias, Jolo, Sulu.
# 2018 in Turkmenistan

Events in the year 2018 in Turkmenistan.

## Incumbents

* President: Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
* Vice President: Raşit Meredow

## Events

* 25 March – Turkmen parliamentary election, 2018

## Deaths

* 3 January – Medeniyet Shahberdiyeva, opera singer (b. 1930).
* 27 April – Maya Kuliyeva, operatic soprano and actress (b. 1920)
# Jaimanglapur

Jaimanglapur is a village development committee in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,398 people living in 810 individual households. There were 2,721 males and 2,677 females at the time of census.
# James B. Stewart

James Bennett Stewart (born c. 1952) is an American lawyer, journalist, and author.

## Early life and education

Stewart was born in Quincy, Illinois. He graduated from DePauw University and Harvard Law School.

## Career

He is a member of the Bar of New York, the Bloomberg Professor of Business and Economic Journalism at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, Editor-at-Large of SmartMoney magazine, and author of Tangled Webs: How False Statements are Undermining America: From Martha Stewart to Bernie Madoff (2011). He is a former associate at New York law firm Cravath, Swaine & Moore, which he left in 1979 to become executive editor of The American Lawyer magazine. He later joined The Wall Street Journal, where earned the 1987 Gerald Loeb Award for Deadline and/or Beat Writing. He shared the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism and the Gerald Loeb Award for Large Newspapers for his articles about the 1987 dramatic upheaval in the stock market and insider trading. These writings led to the publishing of his best-selling work of non-fiction called Den of Thieves (1991), which recounted the criminal conduct of Wall Street arbitrager Ivan Boesky and junk bond king Michael Milken. Stewart became page one editor of The Wall Street Journal in 1988 and remained at the paper until 1992, when he left to help found SmartMoney.
Stewart's book Blind Eye: The Terrifying Story Of A Doctor Who Got Away With Murder (1999), won the 2000 Edgar Award in the Best Fact Crime category. DisneyWar (2005), his book on Michael Eisner's reign at Disney, won the Gerald Loeb Award for Best Business Book. In 2007, he was ranked 21st on Out magazine's 50 Most Powerful Gay Men and Women in America. He is currently a contributor to The New Yorker and a columnist for The New York Times, which he joined in 2011. Stewart also serves on the board of advisory trustees of his alma mater, DePauw University, and is past president of that board.

## Notable stories
### Jeffrey Epstein

On August 12, 2019, Stewart reported on a conversation he had with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Epstein reportedly told Stewart that he was advising Elon Musk and Tesla. Stewart was also told by Epstein that he had dirt on powerful people including personal details about their sexual activities and drug use.
On July 31, 2019, Stewart along with Matthew Goldstein and Jessica Silver-Greenberg reported about Epstein's interest in Eugenics and how he wished to seed the human race by using his own DNA. He also reportedly wanted his head and penis frozen.
In October 2019, Stewart and Emily Flitter partnered on a piece which provided more detail as to Epstein's relationship with Microsoft founder Bill Gates, which had started after Epstein had become a registered sex offender.
# Cole County

Cole County may refer to:
* Cole County, Missouri
* Cole County, Dakota, the original name of Union County, South Dakota
# Cupania elegans

Cupania elegans is a horticultural name (a name that has never been validly published in scientific literature) for a plant in the family Sapindaceae.
# 892 Seeligeria

892 Seeligeria is dark Alauda asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt that was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf on May 31, 1918 in Heidelberg and assigned a preliminary designation of 1918 DR. It was named after German astronomer Hugo Hans von Seeliger.
Photometric observations at the Oakley Observatory in Terre Haute, Indiana, during 2007 were used to build a light curve for 892 Seeligeria. The asteroid displayed a rotation period of 15.78 ± 0.04 hours and a brightness variation of 0.35 ± 0.07 in magnitude.
Seeligeria is a member of the Alauda family (902), a large family of typically bright carbonaceous asteroids and named after its parent body, 702 Alauda.$^{:23}$
# Congress of Rastatt

Congress of Rastatt refers to:
* First Congress of Rastatt in 1713 between Austria and France
* Second Congress of Rastatt in 1797 during the French Revolutionary Wars
# Dah, Ivory Coast

Dah (also spelled Da) is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Bangolo, Bangolo Department, Guémon Region, Montagnes District.
From 2008 to 2012, Dah was in the commune of Dah-Zagna. In March 2012, Dah-Zagna became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Frederick Anderson (footballer)

Frederick Anderson (17 November 1855 – 5 January 1940) was a Scottish football player and businessman in Shanghai and London. He served two terms as the Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council.

## Life and career

Anderson was born on 17 November 1855 in Glasgow, Scotland, to James Anderson. He was educated at The Glasgow Academy.
Anderson played as a forward for Clydesdale, Queen's Park and represented the Scotland national team once, in an 1874 friendly match against England. He scored Scotland's first goal in a 2–1 win. He also played in the first ever Scottish Cup Final, which his Clydesdale team lost 2–0 to his former club, Queen's Park in 1874.
Anderson moved to Shanghai in the early 1880s to join Messrs Holliday, Wise & Co. At the beginning of 1890 he joined Messrs Ilbert & Co and by 1909 had become the principal partner of the firm.
Anderson served on the Shanghai Municipal Council for eight years from 1892 to 1897. The Municipal Council was the body that ran the Settlement. He was elected chairman in August 1899 following the resignation of James Fearon and served until 1900. He served as Chairman again from 1904 to 1906. He was also the local chairman in Shanghai of the China Association.
In 1898-99 and 1908–9, Shanghai Rugby Club chose Frederick Anderson as president in 1905. He had previously played two games of rugby for the second Shanghai Football Club, once in January 1882 and then four years later in January 1886.
He left Shanghai in 1909 and returned to London. In 1919 he was serving as chairman of the China Association in London and in 1922 he was re-elected President of the association.
He died on 5 January 1940.

## Personal life

Anderson married Sophia Louisa Le Hunte Ward, daughter of Admiral T. Le Hunte Ward C.B. on 4 June 1896. They had two children Frederick Le Hunte Anderson, and Helen Sophia Anderson.
# 1794 English cricket season

The 1794 English cricket season was the 23rd in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status and the eighth after the foundation of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The season saw 16 top-class matches played in the country.

## Matches

A total of 16 top-class matches were played during the season. These included matches played by teams from Kent, Middlesex and Surrey as well as Oldfield Cricket Club from Berkshire which played in five first-class matches, four of them against MCC.

## First mentions

Cricket is first known to have been played in Shropshire in 1794. A number of players made first-class debuts, including:
* John Lambert
* Edward Winter
* Briden
* James Beeston
* Rice
* George Shepheard
* Wheeler (Middlesex cricketer)
* Gates (Berkshire cricketer)
* Rubegall
* John Beldham
* John Burgess
* West
# Crean, Cornwall

50°03′32″N 5°39′14″W﻿ / ﻿50.059°N 5.654°W﻿ / 50.059; -5.654
Crean is a hamlet in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated three miles (5 km) east of Land's End.
# Gene Pollar

Gene Pollar (September 16, 1892 - October 20, 1971) was the screen name of New York City firefighter Joseph Pohler, who in his very brief movie career played Tarzan.

## Background

At age 28, the 6'2", 215-pound Joseph Charles Pohler became the second actor to portray Tarzan in films. Elmo Lincoln, the first actor in the role, had made two Tarzan movies when Numa Pictures approached him about making a third. At the time, Lincoln was not interested (though he would later return to the role briefly). One of the Weiss Brothers, the low-budget filmmakers who controlled Numa, was on a visit to New York when he signed Pohler to play the apeman. Pohler was given the screen name Gene Pollar. The film was called The Return of Tarzan, based on Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel The Return of Tarzan.

## Production

Pollar was paid $100 per week. The production was sold to Goldwyn Distribution Corporation in April 1920. As a precautionary measure, since it featured a new star, the film was retitled The Revenge of Tarzan just two weeks prior to its opening on July 20, 1920. The film was a success, but Numa refused to release Pollar to accept a contract from Universal Pictures.

## Later life

The disgruntled Pollar ended his acting career and returned to firefighting under his original name, Joseph C. Pohler. In 1944, he became a purchasing agent for a retail store chain, for which he worked until his retirement to West Hollywood, Florida.
Pollar emerged briefly from obscurity in 1966 at age 73. That year, a publicity event surrounding the premiere of NBC's Tarzan series brought together several actors who had played the apeman, and the guest of honor was James H. Pierce, then 66, who was dubbed the "oldest living Tarzan". Pollar contacted the media and declared correctly that he was the oldest. "Pierce is just a kid compared to me", he joked. Pollar blamed the mix-up on a New York City paper's erroneous report of his death a few years earlier.
Pollar died in 1971 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at age 79.
# Coleophora antennariella

Coleophora antennariella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Great Britain to Romania, Poland, the Baltic states and northern Russia and from Fennoscandia to France, Italy and Hungary.
The wingspan is 9.5–11 mm (0.37–0.43 in). Adults are on wing in May in one generation per year.
The larvae feed on the seeds of hairy wood-rush (Luzula pilosa) living in a moveable case.
# Jan (comic book writer)

Juan López Fernández (born 13 March 1939), better known by his pen name Jan, is a Spanish comic book writer and artist, most famous for his creation Superlópez.

## Biography

He was born in the town of Toral de los Vados in the province of León. Completely deaf from the age of six, his parents encouraged him to draw and in 1956, he began to work in a studio in order to learn animation.
He emigrated to Cuba in 1959 where he worked in Televisión Cubana (Cuban Television) and the Instituto Cubano de Arte e Industria Cinematográficos (ICAIC) (Cuban Institute of Cinematographic Art and Industry). He also collaborated on some periodicals for children at this time, and later, on comic books and newspaper supplements.
Jan returned to Spain in 1969, and worked in the now defunct publishing house Editorial Bruguera until 1985 where he helped illustrate the work of other comic book artists.
In 1973, however, Jan created Superlópez, a parodized version of Superman. It was a series that began as a single page and later expanded into full albums, with adventures involving supervillains and criminal organizations. It also dealt with issues affecting contemporary Spain, namely the illegal drug trade, the transition to democracy post General Franco, etc.. The stories had originally been written by Efepé (pseudonym of Francisco Pérez Navarro), but Jan later took over this duty as well.
In 1982, Jan worked on the periodical Pulgarcito for Editorial Bruguera, and stopped work on Superlópez in order to do so. However, he decided to abandon this in order to devote himself fully to his creation. Jan's eldest son ended up doing some work on Pulgarcito, but also eventually abandoned this task. In 2014, some of the Pulgarcito books was released again in a new book format.
When Editorial Bruguera was shut down in 1985, Jan, together with many other comic book writers, had to do work for other editorial companies. Jan published his first (and only) erotic comic 'Laszivia' in Norma Editorial, and created characters such as 'Cab Halloloco' and 'Los ultimos de Villapiñas' for the Jauja comic magazine. The character 'Superioribus', drawn for the editorial Forum, is also a superhero parody. In 1987, Ediciones B began publishing a Superlopez magazine. In this way Jan can continue working on this character until now, with a few other contributions from time to time to other magazines, such as the characters Pum Tarrota or Super Tron.

## Awards and recognition

In May 2002, he received the Grand Prize of the Barcelona International Comics Convention that acknowledged his contributions. In 2013, he was awarded the National Beaux Arts Medal but rejected it in coherence with his beliefs.
# Castelvetere

Castelvetere may refer to a pair of Italian municipalities of Campania:
* Castelvetere in Val Fortore, in the Province of Benevento
* Castelvetere sul Calore, in the Province of Avellino
# Christina Gokey-Smith

Christina Gokey-Smith (born November 28, 1973) is an American racing cyclist, who rides for American amateur team Colavita–Factor. Before becoming a cyclist she competed in equestrianism.

## Major results
### 2009

    8th Overall Tulsa Tough

### 2010

    3rd Overall Tulsa Tough

### 2011

    1st Overall Tulsa Tough
    3rd Athens Twilight Criterium
    7th Liberty Classic

### 2012

    6th Overall Tulsa Tough
    9th Overall Tour of Elk Grove

### 2013

    4th Overall Tulsa Tough

### 2014

    7th Overall Tour of America's Dairyland

### 2015

    2nd Overall Tulsa Tough

### 2016

    7th Overall Tour of America's Dairyland
    10th Overall Tulsa Tough
# Commophila

Commophila is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Commophila aeneana (Hubner, [1799-1800])
* Commophila nevadensis Traugott-Olsen, 1990
# Conforming to Abnormality

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Exclaim! | favourable |
Conforming to Abnormality is Cephalic Carnage's first full-length album. It was first released in 1998 on Italy's Headfucker Records. In 2002, the album was re-released on Hybrid Records. In 2006, Subordinate Records from Italy re-released the album without the band's permission on CD and LP. In 2008, the album was remixed, remastered, and repackaged, and had 20 bonus tracks added. This version was released by Relapse Records on April 29, 2008. The bonus tracks come from the band's split with Anal Blast, plus a new song sung by former bassist Jawsh Mullen.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Cephalic Carnage
Tracks 9–28 are bonus tracks available on the 2008 re-release.

## Personnel

* Lenzig Leal – vocals
* Zac Joe – guitar, bass (1–8)
* John Merryman – drums
* Steve Goldberg – guitar, bass (1–8)
* Jawsh Mullen – bass (9–28)
* Brian Goldberg – vocals (16)
# Classic International

The Classic International was a professional golf tournament played at Copt Heath Golf Club in Knowle, Solihull, Warwickshire, England. The event was held twice, in 1970 and 1971. It was cancelled after organisers were unable to raise sufficient sponsorship to meet the British PGA minimum for the Order of Merit in 1972.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Country | Venue | Score | Margin of victory | Runner-up | Winner's share (£) | Ref |
| 1970 | Hedley Muscroft | England | Copt Heath Golf Club | 282 | Playoff (4th hole) | Christy O'Connor Snr | 1,000 | |
| 1971 | Peter Butler | England | Copt Heath Golf Club | 277 | 1 stroke | Kim Dabson | 1,000 | |
# 2008 Brazilian federal budget

The 2008 Brazilian federal budget was submitted to the National Congress of Brazil by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva on 5 September 2007.

## Total receipts

The total receipts for fiscal year 2008 are estimated at R$1.4 trillion (all values below are given in Brazilian Real).
* Primary receipts: $682.7 billion
** $448.7 billion - Federal taxes and tributes
** $157 billion - Social security contributions
** $77 billion - Other
* Financial income: $669.7 billion
* State enterprises: $62 billion

## Total expenses

The total expenses for 2008 amount to $1.4 trillion.
* Mandatory spending: $502.1 billion
** $114.9 billion - Transfers to States and Municipalities
** $130.8 billion - Payroll
** $198.7 billion - Social security
** $34.4 billion - Unemployment and other welfare benefits
** $3.9 billion - Export subsidy
** $19.4 billion - Other mandatory expenses
* Discretionary spending: $129.6 billion
* Financial spending: $720.9 billion
** $504.5 billion - Public debt amortization
** $152.2 billion - Public debt interest
** $64.2 billion - Other financial expenses
* Investments in State enterprises: $62 billion
# Cova Foradà

Cova Foradà (or Cova Foradada) is an archaeological site consisting of a cave with remains of Neanderthals near Oliva, in the Province of Valencia, Spain. The most complete skeleton of a Neanderthal ever found on the Iberian peninsula was found there in 2010. One of the Neanderthals whose remains were found in the cave used a toothpick to alleviate pain in his teeth caused by periodontal disease and dental wear.

## Location and description

The karst cave is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of the village of Oliva, at 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from the coast of the Mediterranean, and archaeological excavations have taken place since 1977. The cave is found in a low hill, one of a group of hills called the Muntanyetes de Oliva, the last part of the Serra de Mustalla before the floodplain that ends at the coast. It has been occupied since the Middle Paleolithic, including in the Mousterian and Mesolithic periods, and in the Bronze Age. Its environment was rich and varied, with mountains on one side and lagoons on the other.

## Archaeological finds

A maxilla (almost complete, with a number of teeth), a molar, a fibula, and four fragments of a cranium belonging to two humans were found between 2000 and 2003, in what appeared to be a layer from the Mousterian. All fragments except for the molar were from an adult, who died at between 35 and 45 years old; the molar was from a child of around 2.5 years old. The maxilla showed periodontal disease and heavy dental wear, which must have caused considerable pain; there was a significant gap (8.05 mm for the canine) between the teeth and the alveolar bone. The person attempted to alleviate the discomfort with a toothpick, as evidenced by two grooves on the distal surface of two of the remaining teeth: "the habit of using a tool to pick the teeth may be considered early evidence of medical treatment to alleviate sore gums".
In 2010, in further excavations on the same spot where the maxilla was found, an almost complete skeleton of a Neanderthal was found, the most complete skeleton (with the bones still attached to the spine) ever found on the Iberian peninsula.
In 2019, it was reported that archeologists found a necklace featuring eagle claws, which suggests symbolic purposes.

## Research

Excavations have been led by José Aparicio Pérez, for the archaeological department of the Provincial Government of Valencia.
# Communist Party of Canada candidates in the 1974 Canadian federal election

The Communist Party of Canada fielded several candidates in the 1974 federal election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found on this page. Candidates who ran for the party in by-elections between 1974 and 1979 are also included.

## Thomas Lianos (Broadview, 16 October 1978 by-election)

Lianos was a thirty-five-year-old electrician and trade unionist. He received 204 votes (1.02%), finishing fourth against New Democratic Party candidate Bob Rae.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Elaine Carey, "Metro's ridings and runners ...", Toronto Star, 15 October 1978, A14.