OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Thorneycroft

George Benjamin Thorneycroft CBE JP (8 January 1893 – 29 June 1975) was a British trade union leader.
Born in West Bromwich, Thorneycroft worked on the railways for the Shropshire Union Railways and Canal Company in his youth. He joined the Railway Clerks' Association, and was appointed to its head office staff in 1914. In 1935, he was appointed as secretary for the London and North Eastern Railway section of its membership, then in 1945 he became senior assistant secretary.
In 1947, the union's general secretary, Charles Gallie, retired. The assistant general secretary, Percy Heady, was close to retirement himself, and so Thorneycroft stood for the vacant post. However, he was defeated by Fred Bostock. Bostock died the following year, and with Heady temporarily filling his post, Thorneycroft was promoted to become assistant general secretary. That year, he was also elected to the General Council of the Trades Union Congress, and to the executive of the International Transport Workers' Federation.
Heady retired in 1949, and Thorneycroft now easily won election as the union's new general secretary. However, he too was nearing retirement, and so stood down from all his trade union posts in 1953. He served on several government bodies, including the Royal Commission on Civil Service Pay and Conditions and the Independent Television Authority. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1955.
# Commanders: Attack of the Genos

Commanders: Attack of the Genos (known as simply Commanders: Attack!) is a turn-based strategy Xbox Live Arcade game developed by Southend Interactive and published by Vivendi Games for the Xbox 360, featuring strategic troop placement and head-to-head warfare, using such weaponry as missile launchers, bombers and infantry. The game has high-definition graphics featuring a 1930s art deco style look and feel, inspired by The War of the Worlds.
The single player campaign consists of 15 missions, as well as online and same machine multiplayer play of up to 4 players, with skirmishes and co-op play.

## Plot

Commanders: Attack of the Genos tells the story of an alternate history, one in which humanity has discovered the secrets of atomic energy right at the opening of the 20th Century. By the year 1924, technology as accelerated to the point where humans have cracked the human genome, and have managed to create a whole new race of genetically modified lifeforms, dubbed Genos. Genos have been developed to be stronger, faster, and generally better on the whole than the rest of the human race, causing the rest of the world to resent the Genos. This results in their eventual exile to another land. While a tenuous peace existed between the two races for some time, the start of the game seems to indicate that the time for peace has passed, as the Genos invade.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 72/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Eurogamer | 6/10 |
| GamePro | |
| GameSpot | 7/10 |
| GamesRadar+ | |
| GameZone | 8/10 |
| IGN | 7.6/10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (UK) | 5/10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (US) | 7/10 |
| TeamXbox | 8.5/10 |
| 411Mania | 8/10 |
The game received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
# 60-yard dash

The 60-yard dash is a sprint covering 60 yards (54.86 m, sometimes recognized as '55-m dash'). It is primarily run to evaluate the speed and acceleration of American Major League Baseball players. It is also sometimes used to evaluate the speed of American football (especially NFL) players (although the 40-yard dash is much more common in football).
In the United States, prior to the adoption of metricized outdoor running tracks, the 60 yard dash was a commonly contested indoor event. Prior to 1983, the 60 yard dash was an event every year at the NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships. The event was also regularly contested at the AAU Indoor Track and Field Championships.

## All-time top 25

| Rank | Time | Athlete | Country | Year |
| 1 | 5.8 h | Herb Washington | United States | 1972 |
| 1 | 5.8 h | Mel Pender | United States | 1973 |
| 3 | 5.9 h | Bob Hayes | United States | 1964 |
| 3 | 5.9 h | Charlie Greene | United States | 1966 |
| 5 | 5.99 A | Obadele Thompson | Barbados | 1997 |
| 6 | 6.00 | Lee McRae | United States | 1986 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | Roscoe Cook | United States | 1959 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | Roscoe Cook | United States | 1960 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | Sam Perry | United States | 1965 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | Bill Gaines | United States | 1966 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | Bill Gaines | United States | 1967 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | Bill Gaines | United States | 1968 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | John Carlos | United States | 1969 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | Hasely Crawford | Trinidad and Tobago | 1973 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | Hasely Crawford | Trinidad and Tobago | 1975 |
| 7 | 6.0 h | Steve Williams | United States | 1976 |
| 12 | 6.02 | Carl Lewis | United States | 1983 |
| 12 | 6.02 | Carl Lewis | United States | 1987 |
| 12 | 6.02 A | Leonard Myles-Mills | Ghana | 1997 |
| 15 | 6.03 | Sam Graddy | United States | 1986 |
| 16 | 6.04 | Stanley Floyd | United States | 1981 |
| 16 | 6.04 | Andre Cason | United States | 1990 |
| 16 | 6.04 A | Ato Boldon | Trinidad | 1997 |
| 19 | 6.05 | Houston McTear | United States | 1978 |
| 19 | 6.05 | Brian Cooper | United States | 1988 |
| 21 | 6.06 | Fred Johnson | United States | 1985 |
| 21 | 6.06 | Emmit King | United States | 1988 |
| 21 | 6.06 | Tim Harden | United States | 1996 |
| 21 | 6.06 A | Keith Williams | United States | 1997 |
| 21 | 6.06 A | Syan Williams | Jamaica | 1998 |
| 21 | 6.06 A | Felix Andam | Ghana | 1998 |
| 21 | 6.06 A | Marcus Brunson | United States | 1999 |
# Closed-loop transfer function

In control theory, a closed-loop transfer function is a mathematical function describing the net result of the effects of a feedback control loop on the input signal to the plant under control.

## Overview

The closed-loop transfer function is measured at the output. The output signal can be calculated from the closed-loop transfer function and the input signal. Signals may be waveforms, images, or other types of data streams.
An example of a closed-loop block diagram, from which a transfer function may be computed, is shown below:
The summing node and the G(s) and H(s) blocks can all be combined into one block, which would have the following transfer function:
    ${\dfrac {Y(s)}{X(s)}}={\dfrac {G(s)}{1+G(s)H(s)}}$
$G(s)$ is called the feed forward transfer function, $H(s)$ is called the feedback transfer function, and their product $G(s)H(s)$ is called the open-loop transfer function.

## Derivation

We define an intermediate signal Z (also known as error signal) shown as follows:
Using this figure we write:
    $Y(s)=G(s)Z(s)$
    $Z(s)=X(s)-H(s)Y(s)$
Now, plug the second equation into the first to eliminate Z(s):
    $Y(s)=G(s)[X(s)-H(s)Y(s)]$
Move all the terms with Y(s) to the left hand side, and keep the term with X(s) on the right hand side:
    $Y(s)+G(s)H(s)Y(s)=G(s)X(s)$
Therefore,
    $Y(s)(1+G(s)H(s))=G(s)X(s)$
    $\Rightarrow {\dfrac {Y(s)}{X(s)}}={\dfrac {G(s)}{1+G(s)H(s)}}$
# Cross Harbour ferry services

The Cross Harbour ferry service, officially known as F4 Cross Harbour, was a commuter ferry service in Sydney, New South Wales. Part of the Sydney Ferries network, it was operated by Transdev Sydney Ferries and serviced the Darling Harbour, Lavender Bay, Rose Bay and Watsons Bay areas.
Introduced on 26 November 2017, the service replaced the entirety of the predecessor F4 Darling Harbour service and the Watsons Bay stopping pattern of the F7 Eastern Suburbs service. Emerald-class ferries and SuperCat ferries operated the service. On 25 October 2020, the service ceased and was split into F4 Pyrmont Bay and F9 Watsons Bay services.

## History

Prior to the introduction of the Cross Harbour route, service patterns on the Sydney Ferries network were often divided between wharves located west of Circular Quay, and wharves located east, with the exception of a short-lived service in the mid-1990s that linked McMahons Point and Rose Bay. The Cross Harbour service is a successor to the Darling Harbour ferry service, which existed in many iterations between the 1980s and 2017. The new service was unveiled by the New South Wales Government on 27 March 2017.
Following community consultation jointly held by the ferry operator Transdev Sydney Ferries and Transport for NSW in 2019/20, the F4 route was divided into F4 Pyrmont Bay and F9 Watsons Bay services on 25 October 2020.

## Wharves

F4 wharves :
| Name | Waterway | Other lines |
| Pyrmont Bay – Watsons Bay |||
| Pyrmont Bay | Darling Harbour | none |
| Barangaroo | Darling Harbour | F3 |
| Balmain East | Darling Harbour | F3 |
| McMahons Point | Lavender Bay | F3 |
| Milsons Point | Lavender Bay | F3 |
| Circular Quay | Sydney Cove | F1F2F3 F5F6F7F8 |
| Rose Bay | Rose Bay | none |
| Watsons Bay | Watsons Bay | none |
# Cryphoeca

Cryphoeca is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Cybaeidae, and was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1870. The name means hidden, in reference to its preference for hiding under loose bark or in stone walls.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains twelve species and one subspecies:
* Cryphoeca angularis Saito, 1934 – Japan
* Cryphoeca brignolii Thaler, 1980 – Switzerland, Italy
* Cryphoeca carpathica Herman, 1879 – Eastern Europe
* Cryphoeca exlineae Roth, 1988 – USA
* Cryphoeca lichenum L. Koch, 1876 – Germany, Austria
** Cryphoeca l. nigerrima Thaler, 1978 – Germany, Austria
* Cryphoeca montana Emerton, 1909 – USA, Canada
* Cryphoeca nivalis Schenkel, 1919 – Switzerland, Austria, Italy
* Cryphoeca pirini (Drensky, 1921) – Bulgaria, Turkey
* Cryphoeca shingoi Ono, 2007 – Japan
* Cryphoeca shinkaii Ono, 2007 – Japan
* Cryphoeca silvicola (C. L. Koch, 1834) (type) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan
* Cryphoeca thaleri Wunderlich, 1995 – Turkey
# Daniel Kuzniecka

Daniel Kuzniecka (born 30 November 1965 in Panama) is an Argentine screenwriter, producer and actor.

## Television

| Year | Country | Name |
| 1991 | Argentina | Grande pá! |
| 1992 | Argentina | Son de 10 |
| 1992 | Argentina | Cuatro caras para Victoria |
| 1993 | Argentina | Vivo con un fantasma |
| 1993 | Argentina | La flaca escopeta |
| 1994 | Argentina | Solo para parejas |
| 1994 | Argentina | Aprender a volar |
| 1995 | Argentina | La hermana mayor |
| 1996 | Argentina | Verdad consecuencia |
| 1996 | Argentina | Como pan caliente |
| 1996 | Argentina | No todo es noticia |
| 1997 | Argentina | Laberinto |
| 1998 | Argentina | Laura y Zoe |
| 1998 | Argentina | Muñeca brava |
| 1999 | Argentina | Verano del '98 |
| 1999 | Argentina | Campeones de la vida |
| 1999 | Argentina | Buenos vecinos |
| 1999 | Argentina | Trillizos, dijo la partera |
| 2000 | Argentina | Tiempo final |
| 2000 | Argentina | Luna salvaje |
| 2001 | Argentina | Yago, pasión morena |
| 2002 | Argentina | Tumberos |
| 2002 | Argentina | 1000 millones |
| 2003 | Argentina | Resistiré |
| 2004 | Argentina | El deseo |
| 2005 | Argentina | Doble vida |
| 2005 | Argentina | Sálvame María |
| 2005 | Argentina | Mujeres asesinas |
| 2008 | Colombia | Marido a Sueldo |
| 2009 | Argentina | Valientes |
| 2011 | Argentina | Herederos de una venganza |
| 2012 | Brazil | Avenida Brasil |
| 2022 | Argentina/Uruguay | Yosi, the Regretful Spy |

## Film

As of 2014, Kuzniecka has taken part in 9 films:
| Year | Film name | Director | Role |
| 1989 | Mujeres | Rosario Zubeldía | |
| 1994 | Amigomío | Jeanine Meerapfel – Alcides Chiesa | Carlos |
| 1995 | Caballos salvajes | Marcelo Piñeyro | Rodolfo |
| 1996 | La revelación | Mario David | Americo |
| 1996 | Sin querer | Ciro Cappellari | Mario |
| 1997 | Cenizas del paraíso | Marcelo Piñeyro | Nicolás Makantasis |
| 2001 | Tres pájaros | Carlos Jaureguialzo | Gustavo Freire |
| 2006 | Ciudad en celo | Hernán Gaffet | Sergio |
| 2009 | Marea de arena | Gustavo Montiel Pagés | Juan |
| 2014 | Insonnia | Brasil | Beto Souza "Martín" |

## Theatre

* El espacio entre tú y yo
* Quetza, el conquistador (adapted from the original by Federico Andahazi; actor: Agustín García)
# George P. Norton

George Pepler Norton (1858 – 1939) was a British accountant, known for the publication of his 1889 Textile Manufacturers' Bookkeeping, which contributed to the establishment of modern cost accounting.

## Life and work

Norton was born in Hampton Wick near London to George Pepler Norton and Eleanor Morris. He obtained a license and worked as chartered accountant. In 1889 he published his most known work Textile Manufacturers' Bookkeeping, which is considered one of the first comprehensive treatments of "the cost problems of a firm using the process cost method." This work ran in five edition, the fifth edition published in 1931. Solomons recalled that the importance of this work lies "in the fact that his book-keeping system for textile manufacturing, which dates back to 1889, clearly foreshadowed standard costing."
Norton made a significant contribution to the development of cost accounting. Chandra and Paperman (1976) specified, that "serious studies in cost accounting started only in the 1890s with the writings of Metcalfe, Garcke and Fells, Norton, Lewis, and later with Church, Nicholson and Clark. They were truly the pioneers who introduced new cost concepts like fixed and variable costs, standard cost, cost centers, relevant costs, etc. in the literature. The development of cost accounting in this period was undoubtedly slow. In addition, cost accounting tried to adapt itself within the framework of financial accounting. Part of the delay in the establishment of cost accounting concepts may be due to the tendency of cost accountants to keep the methods they had developed within their own firms secret."

## Selected publications

* Norton, George P. Textile Manufacturers' Bookkeeping for the Counting House. Mill and Warehouse, London: Simplin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, 1889; 4th ed. 1900.
* Norton, George P. Balancing for Expert Book-keepers: Second Thousand. (1894)
* Norton, George Pepler. Textile manufacturers' book-keeping for the counting house, mill and warehouse: Being a practical treatise, specially designed for the woollen and worsted and allied trades. Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1900.
# Communication Canada

Communication Canada was an agency of the Department of Public Works and Government Services in the Government of Canada. Its responsibility was primarily for keeping federal government departments and their agencies connected with Canadian citizens. Responsibility for developing the federal government's web presence and primary web site rested with Communication Canada.
The agency was created in the mid-1990s following the 1995 Quebec referendum, ostensibly to promote federal government communications with all of Canada; however, many Canadians viewed it as a government propaganda agency. Communication Canada became linked to the Sponsorship Scandal and was disbanded in a federal government reorganization at the end of the fiscal year, effective March 31, 2004.
Communication Canada was accountable to its Executive Director, who reported to the Chair of the Cabinet Committee on Government Communications and there was a Minister Responsible for Communication Canada. On April 1, 2004, the agency was disbanded and its responsibilities divided among the Department of Public Works and Government Services and the Privy Council Office.
Communications Canada was created in 1969 as the Department of Communications and was headed by the Minister of Communications. It was disbanded in 1995 with its responsibilities for telecommunications going to Industry Canada and culture going to Canadian Heritage.
# Closed-loop manufacturing

Closed-loop manufacturing (abbreviated CLM) is a closed-loop process of manufacturing and measuring (checking) in the manufacturing machine. The pre-stage to this is inspection in manufacturing. The idea is to reduce costs and improve the quality and accuracy of the produced parts.

## General procedure

Closed-loop manufacturing can be done in different ways dependent on the manufacturing technique and on the accuracy requirements.
* Planning the sequence (iterations)
* Producing nearly the target value on the part
* Measuring the real value
* Calculating the residual (stop if residual is smaller than needed accuracy)
* Manufacturing the residual
* Repeat from Step 3

## Suitable manufacturing techniques

CLM is very suitable for electrical discharge machining. Milling or turning is also suitable for CLM.

## Suitable measuring techniques

In machining measurement techniques have to fulfill special needs. In particular optical techniques have the advantage that they do not touch the part. The following parts are practically used:
* Focus variation
* Tactile probes

## Advantages / Disadvantages

The advantages are:
* Reduce tool costs
* Improving accuracy
* Quality control is done in the machine directly
* Measuring can be more accurate because the part does not need to be unloaded
* Better deployment of personnel
* Integrated sensor eliminates clamping errors
The disadvantages are:
* Planning is needed
* If planning is not done, machine time is increased
# Crescent City Fall Classic

The Crescent City Fall Classic, now known as the Crescent City Corporate Classic, is an annual 5-kilometer race held in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. The race is held in early November in City Park.
# Jean Herbiet

Jean Herbiet (born December 16, 1930, in Namur, Belgium), moved to Ottawa, Canada, in 1958 after completing studies in administration at the Institut Polytechnique and in theatre at the Institut belge du théâtre in Brussels.
Between 1971 and 1981, Herbiet held the position of artistic director of the French Theatre at the National Arts Centre, where he opened a series of production programs, cultural exchanges and tours that brought shows overseas to and from Europe. Herbiet is best remembered as the director of two famous productions created in collaboration with the brilliant puppeteer Félix Mirbt: Büchner's Woyzeck (1974) and Strindberg's A Dream Play (1977). Throughout his tenure, Herbiet expanded the scope of theatre by exploring the new possibilities offered by the National Arts Centre Studio, Canada's first fully flexible performance space. His bold experiments in this area have had a lasting influence on Canadian theatrical practice.
In 1981, he was appointed general director of the Canadian Cultural Centre in Paris for a four-year term. After returning to Ottawa in 1985, Herbiet returned to his specialities: directing theatre and teaching at the University of Ottawa. He also wrote the scripts for bilingual documentary vignettes presented by the Canadian Museum of Civilization, and the Parliament of Canada.
His publications include the eight historical one-act plays Huit promenades sur les plaines d'Abraham, the short stories Le Vieil Arbre et l'Alouette and Ti-Jean-Jean et le Soleil and the play La Rose Rôtie.
Herbiet died on March 31, 2008.
# Jean Nicod

Jean George Pierre Nicod (1 June 1893, in France – 16 February 1924, in Geneva, Switzerland) was a French philosopher and logician, best known for his work on propositional logic and induction.

## Biography

Nicod's main contribution to formal logic was to show that classical propositional calculus could be axiomatized with only one axiom - which is now known as Nicod's axiom - and one rule of inference, both formulated using the Sheffer stroke as only connective. In inductive logic and confirmation theory, he famously proposed Nicod's criterion, according to which a conditional hypothesis is confirmed by all and only its positive instances. This principle plays a central role in the derivation of Carl Hempel's raven paradox.
Nicod died at the age of 30 from tuberculosis.

## Legacy

The Institut Jean Nicod (Paris) — a branch of the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) -- is research laboratory at the interface between cognitive science and the social sciences — was named in honour of Nicod's memory. Jean Nicod's name is also commemorated by the prestigious Jean Nicod Lectures, which are delivered annually in Paris by a leading philosopher of mind or philosophically oriented cognitive scientist. The lecturer is awarded the Jean Nicod Prize by the CNRS, which sponsors the lectures to develop the field of cognitive science in France.

## Main works

* 1917, "A Reduction in the Number of Primitive Propositions of Logic", Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 19: 32–41.
* 1921, "La géométrie des sensations de mouvement", Revue de métaphysique et de morale 28: 537–43.
* 1922, "Les tendances philosophiques de M. Bertrand Russell", Revue de métaphysique et de morale 29: 77–84.
* 1922, "Mathematical Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics" in Encyclopædia Britannica: The New Volumes, vol. 3, 12th ed. 874–76.
* 1923. La géométrie dans le monde sensible. Thèse, Univ. de Paris.
* 1923. Le problème logique de l'induction. Thèse complémentaire, Univ. de Paris.
* 1924. "Les relations des valeurs et les relations de sens en logique formelle", Revue de métaphysique et de morale 31: 467–80.
* 1924, "Freedom of Association and Trade Unionism: An Introductory Survey", International Labor Review 9: 467–80.
* 1930. Foundations of Geometry & Induction, Containing Geometry in a Sensible World and the Logical Problem of Induction, with prefaces by Bertrand Russell and André Lalande. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. Reprinted 2000, London: Routledge. Translated by Philip P. Wiener.
# Abdulrahman Al-Ghamdi

Abdulrahman Al-Ghamdi may refer to:
* Abdulrahman Al-Ghamdi (footballer, born 1986), Saudi footballer for Al-Selmiyah
* Abdulrahman Al-Ghamdi (footballer, born 1994), Saudi footballer for Al-Ittihad
# Colorado Springs Sun

The Colorado Springs Sun was a broadsheet-format newspaper published in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. The Sun was a daily newspaper that competed with The Gazette-Telegraph until 1986, when Aero bought it for $30 million, shut it down, retaining its trademark and naming rights. The sale included the Sun's archives and its name.
* This article about a Colorado newspaper is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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