OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Concho Valley Council of Governments

The Concho Valley Council of Governments (CVCOG) is a voluntary association of cities, counties and special districts in West Texas, United States.
Based in San Angelo, the Concho Valley Council of Governments is a member of the Texas Association of Regional Councils.
State Representative Andrew Murr of Junction is the former chairman of the CVCOG executive committee.

## Counties served

* Coke
* Concho
* Crockett
* Irion
* Kimble
* Mason
* McCulloch
* Menard
* Reagan
* Schleicher
* Sterling
* Sutton
* Tom Green

## Largest cities in the region

* San Angelo
* Brady
* Big Lake
* Junction
* Mason
* Sonora
# Central de Autobuses Puebla

The Central de Autobuses Puebla (CAPU) is the major bus depot in Puebla and provides access to the vast majority of Mexico through a wide range of coach companies. Due to Puebla's proximity to Mexico City there are numerous routes running from CAPU to two of the capital's major bus depots: Central de Autobuses del Norte and Central de Autobuses del Sur.
Outside the main doors to CAPU is a stop for the numerous local bus routes that can take passengers all around the city as well as fleets of taxis. For passengers arriving at CAPU late at night, it is advisable to pre-purchase a taxi journey using one of the authorised taxi booths.
# Courtland, Wisconsin

Courtland is a town in Columbia County, Wisconsin in the United States. The population was 463 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.3 square miles (91.5 km$^2$), of which, 35.2 square miles (91.2 km$^2$) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.4 km$^2$) (0.42%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 463 people, 175 households, and 135 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.2 people per square mile (5.1/km$^2$). There were 185 housing units at an average density of 5.3 per square mile (2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.92% White, 0.22% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.65% from other races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.65% of the population.
There were 175 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.7% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 125.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $42,396, and the median income for a family was $44,375. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,355. About 6.7% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Flag of Veneto

The flag of the Italian region of Veneto derives from the flag historically used by the Republic of Venice (697–1797), a maritime republic centered on the modern city of Venice. The modern flag was adopted by legge regionale (regional law) 20 maggio 1975, n. 56 and amended by L.R. del 22 febbraio 1999, which deleted the words "Regione del Veneto". Regione del Veneto also has a banner (gonfalone), its design identical to the flag's except in its vertical orientation.

## Design

The main overall layout and design of the Venetian banner was kept. The coat of arms of the Region is set in a square in the center of the flag: the Lion of Saint Mark with the opened gospel (reading the Latin motto Pax tibi Marce evangelista meus, "Peace to you Mark, my evangelist") rests its paws on the landscape of Veneto: sea (the Adriatic), land (the Venetian Plain) and mountains (the Alps).
Attached to the fly edge are seven tails. Each one bears in the middle the coat of arms of one of Veneto's seven province capitals, sorted in reverse alphabetical order:
    Vicenza Verona Venice Treviso Rovigo Padua Belluno
A tricolour ribbon is to be knotted just below the flagpole finial.

## Differences from the Republic of Venice flag

* The Lion is no longer on a red field.
* The tails were six, representing the six sestieri ("sixths", the districts of old Venice), whilst the new flag has seven tails, containing the flags of the provinces of Veneto.
* Dark blue has been added to the red and gold decorations, as this colour was acknowledged as a symbol of the Veneti in the past (blavum seu venetum colorem "blue, that is, Veneto colour").
* Flag of the Republic of Venice
# James Fraser (rugby union)

James Fraser was a Scotland international rugby union player.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

He played for Edinburgh Institution F.P.

### International career

He was capped just the once for Scotland, in 1881.

## Medical career

Fraser became a doctor. He became the first full time medical officer to the Hull Education Authority. He maintained that post till he retired in 1926.

## Other interests

He was greatly interested in the Hull Subscription Library. He was also very involved with the youth of the city, and was a chairman of the local Young People's Institute.

## Family

He was the eldest son of Evan Fraser (1826–1906), a Scottish doctor from Duddingston; and Sarah Hewat (born 1829) from Portobello. Evan Fraser and Sarah Hewat moved to Hull shortly after their marriage in 1858 – and he became chairman of the Hull Health committee. The Evan Fraser hospital in Hull bore his name. The hospital specialised in infectious diseases; notably smallpox. James was one of five children the couple had.
James Fraser married Rose Thorney in 1883. Miss Thorney was the daughter of the Hull city coroner. They had a daughter, Dorothy, in 1885. James outlived his wife, who died in 1927, and his daughter, who died in 1941. He died in the Victoria Nursing Home in 1943, leaving £7,511 and 2 shillings in his estate.
# 2015 IPC Swimming World Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay

The Women's 4 x 100 metre medley at the 2015 IPC Swimming World Championships was held at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, United Kingdom from 13–17 July.
As with other disability relay events, the medley works on a points system whereby the classification numbers of each swimmer are totaled to give a number no higher than 34.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 34pts | Alice Tai (S10) Claire Cashmore (SB8) Tully Kearney (S9) Susannah Rodgers (S7) Great Britain | 4:52.89 | Ellie Cole (S9) Madeleine Scott (SB9) Maddison Elliott (S8) Lakeisha Patterson (S8) Australia | 4:53.88 OC | Valeriia Kukanova (S9) Olesia Vladykina (SB8) Nina Ryabova (S10) Ani Palian (S7) Russia | 4:56.66 |
    Legend
    WR: World record, CR: Championship record, AF: Africa record, AM: Americas record, AS: Asian record, EU: European record, OS: Oceania record
# Chrysophana

Chrysophana is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
* Chrysophana conicola Van Dyke, 1937
* Chrysophana holzschuhi Bily, 1984
* Chrysophana placida (LeConte, 1854)
# Canlan Ice Sports Arena (Romeoville)

Canlan Ice Sports Arena is a multi-sport facility in Romeoville, Illinois. Their indoor rinks cans be used for ice hockey and figure skating The facility is located 45 miles west of Chicago.
In 2013, the arena became home to the Kane County Dawgs of the Continental Indoor Football League.

## Facilities

The Canlan Ice Sports Arena offers
* 3 regulation-size hockey rinks.
# Franklin García Fermín

Franklin García Fermín (San Francisco de Macorís, 17 January 1957) is a Dominican jurist and professor from the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, and its Rector for 2008-2011 period.

## Biography

He was born in San Francisco de Macorís. His grandfather was General Santo García, well-known patriot and former Civil Governor of Santiago de los Caballeros. His father, Marco Tulio García, was a judge and public prosecutor for more than 35 years.
In 1976, entry to the UASD to the law school. He has graduate degrees in Civil Rights and Political Science as well a diploma in International Relations and Diplomacy.
He began his career as a teaching in 1984 as professor deputy and a year later became a professor of the law school. In 1987 he was elected president of the Juridical and Politics Sciences Faculty Assembly, and in 1992 president of the Colegio de Abogados de la República Dominicana.
In 2001 he received the title of Investigator of the Universidad del País Vasco, and in 2003 that of Doctor.
On 22 February 2008 he was elected Rector of UASD.
He currently serves as the Minister of Higher Education for the Dominican Republic.

## Honours and awards

* Amín Abel Hasbún Student Award (Student merit award from UASD) Dominican Republic
* Andrés Bello Order, first class (Venezuela)
* Fray Antón de Montesino Juridical Merit National Grand Prize
* Guest Professor of the Paris University. France.
* Teach of the Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco

## Author

García Fermín has written a number of books:
* Introducción al Estudio del Derecho (coauthor with Dr. Rosalía Sosa Pérez) (c1996)
* Evaluación del Poder Judicial y Propuesta para su Transformación
* Introducción al Derecho Privado
* Código del Menor y Recopilación de leyes que lo amplían y lo modifica
* Los Procesos Penales en Estados Unidos.
# Radical 48

Radical 48 or radical work (工部) meaning "work" is one of the 31 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of three strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 17 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
工 is also the 28th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

## Evolution

* Oracle bone script character
* Bronze script character
* Large seal script character
* Small seal script character

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| +0 | 工 |
| +2 | 左 巧 巨 |
| +3 | 巩 (also SC form of 鞏 -> Radical 177) 巪$^{KO}$ |
| +4 | 巫 |
| +6 | 差$^{SCvariant}$ |
| +7 | 差$^{TC/JP/KOvariant}$ |
| +9 | 巯$^{SC}$ (=巰) |
| +10 | 巰 |

## Sinogram

The radical is also used as an independent Chinese character. It is one of the kyōiku kanji or kanji taught in elementary school in Japan. It is a second grade kanji.
# Central de Acción y Unificación Sindical

The Central de Acción y Unificación Sindical (Spanish for "Centre for Trade Union Action and Unification") is a national trade union centre in Nicaragua. CAUS was founded in 1973, as the trade union wing of the Communist Party of Nicaragua.
As of 1983, CAUS had 1939 members belonging to 15 affiliated unions. It mainly worked in manufacturing, agricultural and fishing sectors.
# Coupon, Pennsylvania

Coupon is an unincorporated community in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States.

## History

The community was originally a company town, and its name is derived from the practice of paying employees in scrip, or coupons.

## Geography

Coupon is located in the northeastern part of Gallitzin Township near the eastern border of Cambria County at the crest of the Allegheny Front, the eastern edge of the Allegheny Plateau. It is located at 40°32′12″N 78°33′54″W﻿ / ﻿40.53667°N 78.56500°W﻿ / 40.53667; -78.56500 (40.5367356, -78.5150162), about 87 miles (140 km) east of Pittsburgh and 9 miles (14 km) west of Altoona. It has an elevation of 2,342 feet (714 m) above sea level.

## Demographics

As of 2010, the Coupon ZIP code area had a population of 73.

## Recreation

Coupon is within hiking distance of the Horseshoe Curve, and hikers are rewarded with a unique view of the National Historic Landmark that is not otherwise accessible from the visitors' center.
# Charli (name)

Charli is a Spanish masculine given name and nickname that is a diminutive form of Carlos as well as an English unisex given name and nickname that is a feminine form of Charlie and a diminutive form of Charles and Charline. It may also derive from Charlotte. Notable people referred to by this name include the following:

## Given name

* Charli Collier (born 1999), American basketball player
* Charli D'Amelio (born 2004), American social media influencer and dancer
* Charli Knott (born 2002), Australian cricketer
* Charli Turner Thorne (born 1966), American basketball coach

## Nickname or stagename

* Charli Baltimore, stage name of Tiffany Lane Jarmon (born 1974), American female rapper and songwriter
* Charli Howard, nickname of Charlotte Howard (born 1991), English female model, author, and body activist
* Charli Persip, professional name of Charles Lawrence Persip who was formerly known as Charlie Persip (1929–2020), American male jazz drummer
* Charli Robinson, professional name of Sharlene Marie Zeta Robinson (born 1981), Australian female television and radio presenter as well as an original member of Hi-5
* Charli Taft, stage name of Charlotte Taft, British female singer and songwriter
* Charli XCX, stage name of Charlotte Emma Aitchison (born 1992), English female singer and songwriter
# James Fraser Tytler

James Fraser Tytler of Woodhouselee WS FRSE (1780–1862) was a 19th-century Scottish lawyer and Depute to the Lord Lyon, dealing with heraldic matters.

## Life

He was born in or near Edinburgh on 9 October 1780, the son of the eminent judge, Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee, and his wife, Ann Fraser of Balnain, and paternal grandson of William Tytler.
In 1794 he was apprenticed as a lawyer to Richard Hotchkiss WS in offices on the south side of the Grassmarket in Edinburgh, under the shadow of Edinburgh Castle. He qualified as a Writer to the Signet in 1803 and set up practice in the New Town at 9 Duke Street (later renamed Dublin Street).
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1821. His proposer was William Arbuthnot. At this stage he acted as legal advisor to the Scottish Tax Office at 12 North St David Street and lived in at 34 Charlotte Square, one of Edinburgh's most exclusive addresses.
In 1827 he became Depute and legal advisor to the Lord Lyon and in 1829 he became Crown Agent and principal legal advisor to the Lord Advocate.
In later life he shared legal chambers with his son at 19 Castle Street.
He died on the day following his 82nd birthday, on 10 October 1862. He is buried on the family estate at Woodhouselee near Roslin, Midlothian. The house is now demolished. He is also memorialised on the family vault in Greyfriars Kirkyard, but the vault lies within the section known as the Covenanters Prison which is generally closed to the public.

## Family

In 1810 he married Elizabeth Carmichael (d.1845). They were parents to James Stuart Fraser Tytler WS.
He was brother of Patrick Fraser Tytler.
His uncle was Col Patrick Tytler.
# Cankurtaran

Cankurtaran can refer to:
* Cankurtaran, İspir
* Cankurtaran Tunnel
* Cankurtaran railway station
* Cankurtaran, Fatih, Istanbul
# Franklin G. Miller

Franklin G. Miller (born 1948) is an American bioethicist and senior faculty member at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

## Education

Miller received his B.A. in philosophy in 1971 from Columbia College, Columbia University, and his PhD from Columbia University in 1977, also in philosophy.

## Career

From 1990 until 1998, Miller was a faculty member at the University of Virginia. Since 1999, he has been a senior faculty member at the National Institutes of Health's department of bioethics, as well as a special expert at the NIH's Intramural Research Program. Since 2014, he has also been a professor of medical ethics by courtesy at Weill Cornell Medical College.

## Work

In 2008, Miller and Robert Truog co-authored a paper in the New England Journal of Medicine in which they questioned the dead donor rule, and proposed instead that living people should be able to donate vital organs so long as their brain was devastatingly damaged. In 2012, Miller co-authored a paper with Walter Sinnott-Armstrong in the Journal of Medical Ethics on whether killing was fundamentally wrong. In the paper, Miller and Sinnott-Armstrong claimed that there was nothing fundamentally wrong with killing another person, and that it was only incidentally bad because it led to total disability. In 2015, Miller and Ted Kaptchuk co-authored a perspective paper on placebo effects, again in the New England Journal of Medicine.
# Radical 51

Radical 51 or radical dry (干部) meaning "oppose" or "dried" is one of 31 out of the total 214 Kangxi radicals written with three strokes.
There are only nine characters derived from this radical, and some modern dictionaries have discontinued its use as a section header. In such characters that comprise 干 as a component, it mostly takes a purely phonetic role, as in 肝 "liver" (which falls under radical 130 肉 "meat").
干 is also the 27th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

## Evolution

* Oracle bone script character
* Bronze script character
* Large Seal Script character
* Small Seal Script character
In origin, the character may depict either a pestle or a shield. It can be traced to the seal script.

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| + 0 | 干 |
| + 2 | 平$^{SC/TC/JP}$/平$^{KO}$ |
| + 3 | 年 幵 并 (also SC form of 並 -> 一 / 併 -> 人) |
| + 5 | 幷/幷$^{Kangxi}$ (=并) 幸 |
| +10 | 幹 |

## In simplified Chinese

As a character (not a radical), 干 has risen to new importance, and even notoriety due to the 20th-century Chinese writing reform. In simplified Chinese, 干 takes the place of a number of other characters with the phonetic value gān or gàn, e.g. of 乾 "dry" or 幹 "trunk, body", so that 干 may today take a wide variety of meanings.
The high frequency and polysemy of the character poses a serious problem for Chinese translation software. The word 幹 gàn "tree trunk; to do" (rarely also "human body"), rendered as 干 in simplified Chinese, acquired the meaning of "to fuck" in Chinese slang. Notoriously, the 2002 edition of the widespread Jinshan Ciba Chinese-to-English dictionary for the Jinshan Kuaiyi translation software rendered every occurrence of 干 as "fuck", resulting in a large number of signs with irritating English translations throughout China, often mistranslating 乾 gān "dried" as in 干果 "dried fruit" in supermarkets as "fuck the fruits" or similar.

## Sinogram

The radical is also used as an independent Chinese character. It is one of the Kyōiku kanji or Kanji taught in elementary school in Japan. It is a fifth grade kanji.
# Chinese lacquerware table

This carved lacquerware table in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London is from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It is unique in shape and decoration and is one of the most important objects from the period. It is one of the few surviving examples in the world of a major piece of furniture produced in the 'Orchard Workshop', the Imperial lacquer workshop set up in the early Ming period and situated to the north-west of the 'Forbidden City' compound in Peking (now Beijing).
By at least the Ming dynasty carved lacquer was being used all over the visible surfaces of pieces of furniture, a dauntingly expensive proposition. One of the best known pieces is this table, with three drawers, whose top has a typical imperial Ming design with a central dragon and phoenix, symbolizing the emperor and empress respectively; the pair also appear on the drawer-fronts. The table-top measures 119.5 cm by 84.5 cm and the table is 79.2 cm (31.2 in) high. It was produced between 1425–1436 in the "Orchard Factory", and is the only piece of its size to survive from their production, the best period of Ming workmanship. As with many other pieces, the ground of the table-top relief was originally a yellow that contrasted with the red of the upper layers, but has now faded to a dark colour.
The legs and edges of the top are carved with the "Flowers of the Four Seasons". The insides of the drawers are in plain red lacquer, and the outsides and underside of the table in black lacquer. The table bears the mark of the reign of the Xuande Emperor (1426–1435) and was probably made to stand in an Imperial Palace. An Imperial provenance is also suggested by the five-clawed dragons carved on the surface, each of which has been mutilated by the removal of one claw on each foot, as was often done when pieces left imperial ownership. The five-clawed dragon was only allowed to be used by the emperor, with very severe penalties for abuse, but imperial pieces were sometimes given as gifts, or pilfered by the court eunuchs to be sold at a notorious market outside the northern gate of the Forbidden City.
In the Ming period the dragon became a key imperial symbol, very often appearing on lacquer from the imperial workshops for the use of the court, or made to be given by the emperor. Initially the dragon's head was seen in the traditional profile, as here, but in the middle of the 15th century the "frontal" dragon, seen looking out full-face at the viewer, was introduced and soon became the norm in lacquer as in other media.
The table was lent to the British Museum's 2014 exhibition Ming, 50 years that changed China.
# Central de Minas

Central de Minas is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region of Brazil.
# Coupling parameter

The coupling parameter of the resonator specifies the part of the energy of the laser field, which is output at each round-trip. The coupling parameter should not be confused with the round-trip loss, which refers to the part of the energy which is absorbed or scattered at each round-trip of laser field in the laser resonator, and cannot be used.
At the continuous wave operation, the round-trip gain is determined by the coupling parameter and the round-trip loss. In simple configurations of the laser cavity or laser resonator, the coupling parameter may be just the transmission coefficient of the output coupler or just square of the magnification coefficient in the case of an unstable resonator.
The round-trip loss may limit the power scaling of the active mirrors, or disk lasers, while the size of the gain medium scales up, and the gain size product is limited by the exponential growth of the amplified spontaneous emission; the powerful disk laser should work at low values of the coupling parameter and even lower values of the round-trip loss.
# Clarks Fork, Missouri

Clarks Fork is an unincorporated community in Cooper County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located on Missouri Route 87 approximately one mile southeast of the stream Clark Fork. Boonville is approximately seven miles to the northwest.

## History

A post office called Clarks Fork was established in 1841, and remained in operation until 1908. The community took its name from Clark Fork.
# Chrysoperla rufilabris

Chrysoperla rufilabris, also known as the red-lipped green lacewing, is a species of green lacewing in the family Chrysopidae.

## Distribution

This species is native to the eastern portion of North America.

## Description

C. rufilabris are distinguished from other members of the genus found in North America by the broadly red genae, pointed apex of the fore wing, black gradate crossveins, and spinellae on the male genitalia.

## Biology

The larvae of this species prey upon soft-bodied insects including aphids, thrips, and whiteflies.
# Chris Lilygreen

Chris Lilygreen (born 9 June 1965) is a Welsh football manager and former professional footballer. A striker, he joined hometown team Newport County in 1983.
Lilygreen is Newport County AFC's leading all time goalscorer with 93 league and cup goals since the club was reformed in 1989.
# Kedleston Beach

Kedleston Beach is a hamlet in Saskatchewan.
50°29′24″N 105°02′24″W﻿ / ﻿50.490°N 105.040°W﻿ / 50.490; -105.040
* This article about a location in the Census Division No. 6 of Saskatchewan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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