OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carl G. von Iwonski

Carl G. von Iwonski (1830–1912) was a painter born in Germany who became a naturalized American citizen. He was artistically active in San Antonio and New Braunfels, and best known for his portraits of Texas pioneers.

## Early life

Carl G. von Iwonski was born April 23, 1830, at Hilbersdorf, Kingdom of Saxony to former Prussian Army officer Leopold von Iwonski and his wife Marie (Kalinowska-Tshirski) von Iwonski. At age 15, he emigrated with his family to Texas with the Adelsverein settlers, disembarking at Galveston on December 18, 1845, from the Johann Detthard .
The family initially settled at Castell and Mill streets in New Braunfels. Leopold von Iwonski sold his 320-acre land grant and moved the family across the Guadalupe River from New Braunfels, to a settlement which came to be known as Neighborsville. The Iwonski home was on the Old San Antonio Road and doubled as a stage stop. Young Carl helped out on the family farm, and became a naturalized American citizen in 1854. His first known artistic effort was an 1853 sketch of the family's log cabin.

## New Braunfels

Iwonski's first known sketch books date to 1855, coinciding with his opening a studio in New Braunfels. His preferred media were pencil, ink, watercolor. He also made oil portraits of German settlers, and later became skilled as a sculptor. When Duke Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg visited New Braunfels on an 1855 visit, Iwonski made him a gift of six pencil sketches of his Texas creations. From 1855 to 1857, he made a series of sketches of the New Braunfels Amateur Theater.

## San Antonio

Iwonski moved to San Antonio in 1857 and in 1859 became associated with artist William DeRyee. Iwonski began making sketches of troops stationed in the south Texas area during the Civil War. His most famous was The Terry's Rangers. He also became a teacher at the Bickler German-English Academy. From 1866 to 1870, Iwonski ran a San Antonio photography studio with fellow artist Hermann Lungkwitz. In addition to his portraits, he began painting landscapes.
During Reconstruction, Carl von Iwonski became San Antonio city tax collector, and his father Leopold became Bexar County treasurer. Both father and son become radical leaders in the local Republican party, and Carl began to draw political cartoons. Leopold von Iwonski died in office on October 15, 1872.
Iwonski took a sabbatical in 1871 to study at the Berlin Academy of Art.

## Personal life and death

Carl G. von Iwonski never married. In 1873, he accompanied his widowed mother back to Germany and remained there the rest of his life. He died in Breslau on April 4, 1912.

## Selected works

* Log Cabin, New Braunfels (Iwonski family home) (1853)
* Sketches of the New Braunfels Amateur Theater (1855–1857)
* New Braunfels Germania Gesangverein (1857)
* Alexander von Humboldt (1859)
* The Terry Rangers (1862)
* German general staff during the Franco-Prussian War (1871)

### Portraits

* Sam Houston
* Delaware chief John Conner
* Manuel Yturri Sr
* José Fermín Cassiano
* John Baylor
* Johanna and Edward Steves
* Dorothea and Carl Hilmar Guenther
* Julius Schuetze
* Samuel Maverick
* Edmund Jackson Davis
# Concubine Shun

Concubine Shun (順嬪 那拉氏; 28 February 1811 – 11 April 1868) was a consort of the Daoguang Emperor.

## Family background

Imperial Concubine Shun was a member of main lineage of the Nara clan.

## Life
### Jiaqing era

Imperial Concubine Shun was born on 28 February 1811.

### Daoguang era

Lady Nara entered the Forbidden City in 1824 at the age of 13 as “First Class Female Attendant Shun" (顺常在, "shun" meaning "delicate"). In October 1824, she was promoted to Noble Lady Shun (顺贵人). In 1829, she was demoted back to First Class Female Attendant and didn't recover her previous title during her husband's reign. Lady Nara remained childless during Daoguang era.

### Xianfeng era

In 1851, Lady Nara was restored as "Dowager Noble Lady Shun". On 5 January 1861, she was rewarded together with Imperial Concubine Jia, Imperial Concubine Cheng, Imperial Noble Consort Zhuangshun and other concubines of the previous emperor during the celebrations of Chinese New Year. Noble Lady Shun left in the Forbidden city when Xianfeng Emperor fled with 5 dowager concubines to Chengde Mountain Resort.

### Tongzhi era

In 1861, Noble Lady Shun was promoted to the position of "Grand Dowager Imperial Concubine Shun". She died in 1868 and her coffin was interred at the Mu Mausoleum of the Western Qing tombs.
# 1934 in the Belgian Congo

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1934 in the Belgian Congo.

## Incumbents

* Governor-general – Auguste Tilkens, Pierre Ryckmans

## Events

| Date | Event |
| 26 February | Apostolic Vicariate of Boma is established |
| 15 August | André Bo-Boliko Lokonga, future prime minister of Zaire, is born in Lobamiti, Bandundu Province. |
| 14 September | Pierre Ryckmans replaces Martin Rutten as governor-general |
| 29 September | N'Singa Udjuu, future prime minister of Zaire, is born in Banningville. |
| 31 December | Société des Chemins de Fer Vicinaux du Congo opens the line from Zobia to Isiro |
# GCH

GCH may refer to:
* Gachsaran Airport, in Iran
* Garelochhead railway station, in Scotland
* Generalized continuum hypothesis, in mathematical set theory
* Gold Coast University Hospital, in Australia
* Grand Cross of the Order of Princely Heritage
* Grey Coat Hospital, a secondary school in London
* GTP cyclohydrolase I, an enzyme
* Gym Class Heroes, an American band
* Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
gch can be:
# Charles Vaurie

Charles Vaurie (7 July 1906 – 13 May 1975) was a French-born American ornithologist. He was born in Beaulieu sur Dordogne, France but moved to Trenton, New Jersey as a youth. He studied at New York University and then qualified as a dentist at the University of Pennsylvania in 1928.
An interest in painting birds developed, and after marrying his entomologist wife, Patricia Wilson, in 1934, the two shared numerous field trips. Vaurie became associated with the American Museum of Natural History and by 1946 he was a Research Associate. He went on to produce more than 150 ornithological publications. His most important work was a systematic review of Palearctic birds. By 1956, he was a full-time ornithologist at AMNH, and rose to Curator by 1967. At the time of his death he was a member of the Standing Committee on Ornithological Nomenclature of the International Ornithological Congress.
He described for the first time the cryptic flycatcher (Ficedula crypta), Vilcabamba thistletail (Schizoeaca vilcabambae), and Vaurie's nightjar (Caprimulgus centralasicus).

## Partial bibliography

* A Revision of the bird family Dicruridae. N.Y., 1949.
* "Systematic notes on Palearctic birds". N.Y. 1956 (American Museum of Natural History, American Museum Novitates)
* A generic revision of Fly-catchers of the tribe Muscicapini. N.Y., 1953.
* "Notes on some Ploceidae from Western Asia"; "Notes on some Asiatic Finches"; "Notes on the bird genus Oenanthe in Persia, Afghanistan, and India;" and several other articles all published in the American Museum Novitates. N.Y., 1949–1952.
* "A generic revision of Flycatchers of the tribe Muscicapini". N.Y., 1953. pp.27 figs & 7 tables. Wrapp. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History – Vol. 100: Art. 4.
* The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna: a Systematic Reference (2 Vols. )1959
* Classification of the Ovenbirds (Furnariidae). London, 1971.
* Tibet and its birds. 1972
# Crocket

A crocket (or croquet) is a small, independent decorative element common in Gothic architecture. The name derives from the diminutive of the Old French croc, meaning "hook", due to the resemblance of a crocket to a bishop's crook-shaped crosier.

## Description

Crockets, in the form of stylized carvings of curled leaves, buds or flowers, are used at regular intervals to decorate (for example) the sloping edges of spires, finials, pinnacles, and wimpergs.

## As ornaments

When crockets decorate the capitals of columns, these are called crocket capitals. This element is also used as an ornament on furniture and metalwork in the Gothic style.

## Examples

* All Souls College – Oxford
* Canterbury Cathedral
* Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral – Paris
* León Cathedral – Spain
* Duke Chapel
# Friedrich Lüthi

Friedrich Lüthi (19 December 1850 – 16 March 1913 in Geneva) was a Swiss sport shooter who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He participated in Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won a gold medal with the Military pistol team for Switzerland.
# Chris Williams (bishop)

John Christopher Richard Williams was Bishop of the Arctic at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st.
Born on 22 May 1936, educated at Manchester Grammar School and Manchester University and ordained in 1960 he began his career as a curate in Stretford. Emigrating to Canada he became missionary at Sugluk. Later he was Archdeacon of The Keewatin and Rector of Yellowknife. He was ordained to the episcopate as the suffragan bishop of the Diocese of Arctic in 1987. In 1990 he became coadjutor bishop and the diocesan bishop in 1991. He was succeeded in 2002 by Andrew Atagotaaluk.
# Carl Gaertner

Carl Frederick Gaertner (April 18, 1898 – November 4, 1952) was an American artist.
Gaertner was born in Cleveland in 1898 and remained there until his death in 1952. He studied at the Cleveland Institute of Art, which was then called the Cleveland School of Art, from 1920–1923 and taught there from 1925-1952.
Gaertner's subject matter varied, but certain themes recur in his work, including industrial subjects, with Cleveland as his model in the early part of his career. Other themes were Provincetown, West Virginia watercolors and oils, and Chagrin Valley paintings. After 1935, Gaertner bought a farm in Chagrin Valley and began his series of paintings of that subject. Throughout the 1940s, Gaertner received recognition from prestigious art institutions such as Chicago Art Institute's Exhibition of American Painting, New York's National Academy of Design Show, and the Pepsi-Cola Show.
The Akron Art Museum currently holds three paintings by Gaertner. Featured in the McDowell galleries is Riverside Plant, an oil on canvas painted in 1927-28 which was exhibited at the Cleveland Museum of Art Annual Exhibit of the Cleveland Artists and Craftsmen from April 25-June 3, 1928. Also in the Akron collection is Summer Kitchen, a gouache on fiberboard painting done in 1947 and The Commuter, an oil on fiberboard painting done in 1945 which shows a man standing on a train platform and is based on sketches Gaertner did while riding the train to New York City to visit his art dealer.
Another well-known painting by Gaertner is Flying Ponies. It depicts a carousel at Euclid Beach Park, a Cleveland amusement park. It was displayed at the Cleveland Museum of Art's "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946" exhibit in 1996 and was gifted to the museum in 2020.
The Cleveland Museum of Art owns several other Gaertner works, including an oil painting titled The Pie Wagon. Painted in 1926, this work focuses attention on laborers at an industrial plant who spend their lunch break milling around a horse-drawn bakery wagon in the shadows of the hulking factories.
Gaertner was an important Cleveland artist who was just achieving national acclaim before his early death at the age of 54.
# Concubine Xiang

Concubine Xiang (襄嬪;? – 14 August 1746), personal name Gao Zaiyi (高在儀), was an imperial concubine of Emperor Kangxi of the manchu ruled Qing dynasty.

## Life
### Family Background

Concubine Xiang personal name was Zaiyi (在儀) and her family, the Gao clan (高氏), belonged to the Plain Blue Banner.
Father: Gao Tingxiu (高廷秀), a calligrapher and painter of Qing dynasty

### Kangxi era

It is unknown when Lady Gao was born or when she entered the Forbidden City to become one of Emperor Kangxi wives.
At that times, the rules of the harem system were not established and many women didn't receive an imperial title even though they had children. Lady Gao was one of them. However, women who have given birth to sons for the emperor enjoyed a higher treatment than others. On 25 October 1702, Lady Gao gave birth to the 29th son of emperor, Yinji (胤禝), who would died prematurely in March 1704. Again, on 30 March 1703, she gave birth to the 19th daughter who would also died young, at almost age of 2. Lastly, in 1706 on 1 September, she gave birth to Yunyi (允禕), the only of her children who survived to adulthood and was made a prince. Only Yunyi out of her children was honoured as a prince, Prince Jianjing of the Third Rank (簡靖貝勒).

### Yongzheng era

Kangxi died 20 December 1722 and succeed by his fourth son, Yinzhen (胤禛), enthoned as Yongzheng Emperor (雍正帝). After becoming emperor, Yongzheng started to promote some of his father concubines who have given birth to sons. Lady Gao was honoured as Noble Lady (貴人; chinese: guìrén). When Lady Gao was still a noble lady, she was called by others as The Beautiful Concubine (秀嬪; chinese: Xiù pín) .

### Qianlong era

In 1736, Qianlong promoted fourth of his grandfather living consorts, who were staying in Ningshou Palace (宁寿宫). Noble lady Gao was promoted to Concubine (嬪; chinese: pín). In 1746, on 24 August, Concubine Gao passed away at Ningshou Palace. She was posthumously honoured by Qianlong as Concubine Xiang (襄嬪; chinese: Xiāng pín).

## Titles

* During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):
** Gao Zaiyi (高在儀; from Unknown Date)
** Mistress (庶妃; Unknown Date)
* During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735):
** Noble Lady (貴人; from 1722)
* During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796):
** Concubine (嬪; from 1736)
** Concubine Xiang (襄嬪; After August 1746),

## Issues

As a Mistress (庶妃):
* Yinji (胤禝; 25 October 1702 – 28 March 1704), 29th (19th) son
* 19th daughter (30 March 1703 – February/March 1705)
* Yunyi (允禕), Prince Jianjing of the Third Rank (簡靖貝勒; 1 September 1706 – 30 June 1755), 30th (20th)
# Chuck Jordan

Chuck Jordan may refer to:
* Chuck Jordan (automobile designer) (1927–2010), General Motors car designer
* Chuck Jordan (game designer), American video game designer
* Charles Jordan (government official), Armenian architect and government official
# Couter

The couter (also spelled "cowter") is the defense for the elbow in a piece of plate armour. Initially just a curved piece of metal, as plate armor progressed the couter became an articulated joint. Couters were popular by the 1320s.
In fighting reenactment groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism, a couter/cowter is often called an elbow cop.
# Clennell (surname)

Clennell is an English surname.
Notable people with this surname include:
* Irene Clennell (born 1964), Singaporean citizen involved in a UK immigration case
* Joe Clennell (1889–1965), English footballer
* John Clennell (1772–1822), English journalist
* Luke Clennell (1781–1840), English engraver
* Paula Clennell, victim in the Ipswich serial murders
* Tony Clennell (born 1951), Canadian potter
# Crockerville, Missouri

Crockerville is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Missouri, United States. Crockerville is located along Missouri Route 52, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east-southeast of Cole Camp.
# Chaura Rajputtan

Chauran Adda Rajputtan is a village located 9 km from Muridke, Pakistan. It was established in 1976 by a family named Agha. Currently, more than 80 families live in the hamlet.
The area is politically active, and tends to support the Pakistan Tehreek -e-insaf. Economic activity has increased in Chaura Rajputtan since the opening of a large branch of MCB bank.
31°51′46″N 74°18′19″E﻿ / ﻿31.8628062°N 74.3052364°E﻿ / 31.8628062; 74.3052364
* This article about a location in Sheikhupura District, Punjab, Pakistan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Carl Krusada

Carl Krusada (1879–1951) was an Austrian-born American screenwriter. He began his career in the silent era, sometimes using the name Val Cleveland. During the 1930s he worked prolifically writing screenplays for B Westerns produced by a variety of Poverty Row companies.

## Selected filmography

* The Scoffer (1920)
* White Eagle (1922)
* The Timber Queen (1922)
* Solomon in Society (1922)
* The Truth About Wives (1923)
* Winning a Woman (1925)
* Ridin' Thunder (1925)
* Lorraine of the Lions (1925)
* King of the Saddle (1926)
* The Valley of Bravery (1926)
* The Trail of the Tiger (1927)
* The Arizona Whirlwind (1927)
* The Golden Stallion (1927)
* Heroes of the Wild (1927)
* Three Miles Up (1927)
* Won in the Clouds (1928)
* The Price of Fear (1928)
* The Vanishing Rider (1928)
* How to Handle Women (1928)
* Beauty and Bullets (1928)
* The Gate Crasher (1928)
* The Crimson Canyon (1928)
* Thunder Riders (1928)
* The Sky Skidder (1929)
* The Phantom of the North (1929)
* Grit Wins (1929)
* Eyes of the Underworld (1929)
* Wolves of the City (1929)
* The Smiling Terror (1929)
* Born to the Saddle (1929)
* Beyond the Rio Grande (1930)
* The Phantom of the Desert (1930)
* Slim Fingers (1929)
* Firebrand Jordan (1930)
* Westward Bound (1930)
* Lariats and Six-Shooters (1931)
* 45 Calibre Echo (1932)
* Dance Hall Hostess (1933)
* Ridin' Thru (1934)
* Mystery Ranch (1934)
* Terror of the Plains (1934)
* Fighting Hero (1934)
* Unconquered Bandit (1935)
* The Cactus Kid (1935)
* Silent Valley (1935)
* Texas Jack (1935)
* The Silver Bullet (1935)
* The Laramie Kid (1935)
* North of Arizona (1935)
* Wolf Riders (1935)
* The Live Wire (1935)
* The Phantom Cowboy (1935)
* Loser's End (1935)
* Born to Battle (1935)
* Coyote Trails (1935)
* Skull and Crown (1935)
* Rio Rattler (1935)
* Fast Bullets (1936)
* Santa Fe Bound (1936)
* Fangs of the Wild (1939)
* Law of the Wolf (1939)
* El Diablo Rides (1939)
* Feud of the Range (1939)
* Riders of the Sage (1939)
* The Pal from Texas (1939)
* Pinto Canyon (1940)
* Wild Horse Valley (1940)
* Wild Horse Range (1940)
* Land of the Six Guns (1940)
* The Kid from Santa Fe (1940)
* Riders from Nowhere (1940)
* Broken Strings (1940)
# Frank MacQuarrie

Frank MacQuarrie (January 27, 1875 in San Francisco – December 25, 1950 in Los Angeles) was an American silent film actor.
He was the brother of actors Albert MacQuarrie, George MacQuarrie and Murdock MacQuarrie.

## Filmography

* The Black Box (1915) .... Craig
* Jane's Declaration of Independence (1915)
* His Beloved Violin (1915)
* Haunting Winds (1915)
* The Mystery of the Tapestry Room (1915)
* Every Man's Money (1915)
* The Kiss of Dishonor (1915)
* Graft (1915)
* Just Plain Folks (1916)
* The Pool of Flame (1916) .... Des Trebes
* The Desperado (1916)
* Two Men of Sandy Bar (1916) .... Old Morton
* The Crimson Yoke (1916) .... Luridi
* The Social Slave (1916)
* Priscilla's Prisoner (1916)
* The Secret of the Swamp (1916) .... Deacon Todd
* From Broadway to a Throne (1916) .... Heldone
* A Daughter of the Night (1916)
* The Decoy (1916)
* Society's Hypocrites (1916)
* The Voice on the Wire (1917)
* The Boss of the Lazy Y (1917) .... Tom Taggart
* A 44-Calibre Mystery (1917)
* The Almost Good Man (1917)
* The Field of Honor (1917) .... Amos Tolliver
* A Five Foot Ruler (1917)
* The Charmer (1917) (credited as Frank McQuarrie) .... Judge Applebee
* A Stormy Knight (1917) (credited as Frank McQuarrie) .... Mr. Weller
* Flirting with Death (1917)
* The Man Trap (1917) .... Finch
* The Maternal Spark (1917) .... Lansing Hawley
* The High Sign (1917) (credited as Frank McQuarrie) .... Metwer
* The Flash of Fate (1918)
* Little Red Decides (1918)
* Wolves of the Border (1918) .... Joe Warner
* Madame Sphinx (1918) .... Henri Du Bois
* The Girl of My Dreams (1918) .... Pa Williams
* Whitewashed Walls (1919) .... Cascaro
* Loot (1919) .... Jacques
* Under Suspicion (1919) .... Greggs
* The Lone Hand (1919)
# Rennard

Rennard is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Audrey Rennard (born 1933), British gymnast
* Chris Rennard, Baron Rennard (born 1960), English politician
* Deborah Rennard (born 1959), American actress
* Jon Rennard, English singer
* Rennard Strickland, American lawyer
# GFM2

Ribosome-releasing factor 2, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GFM2 gene. Unlike the other EF-G homolog GFM1, GFM2 functions as a Ribosome Recycling Factor in termination.
# Flavio Alfaro Canton

Flavio Alfaro Canton is a canton of Ecuador, in the Manabí Province. Its capital is Flavio Alfaro. Its population at the 2001 census was 25,390.

## Demographics

Ethnic groups as of the Ecuadorian census of 2010:
* Mestizo 79.7%
* Montubio 13.7%
* Afro-Ecuadorian 3.9%
* White 2.6%
* Indigenous 0.1%
* Other 0.1%
# Jamaica metro station

Jamaica is a station of the Mexico City Metro. It is located in Venustiano Carranza borough in Mexico City and serves the Sevilla neighbourhood.

## General information

The station logo depicts an ear of corn. Its name refers to the nearby wholesale market of Jamaica.
This station combines both elevated viaducts for line 4 and underground passages for line 9. The distance between platforms is long, as are the station's exits. Metro Jamaica has a cultural display.

### Ridership
## Nearby

* Mercado de Jamaica, public market.

## Exits
### Line 4

* East: Avenida Congreso de la Unión and José María Roa Bárcenas street, Colonia Mixiuhca
* West: Avenida Congreso de la Unión and José María Roa Bárcenas street, Colonia Sevilla

### Line 9

* Northeast: Avenida Congreso de la Unión and Cincel street, Colonia Jamaica
* Southeast: Avenida Congreso de la Unión, Colonia Jamaica
* Northwest: Avenida Morelos and Compás street, Colonia Sevilla
* Southwest: Avenida Morelos, Colonia Sevilla
* Station entrance sign
* View of westbound platform of Metro station Jamaica Line 9 of the Mexico City Metro System
* Aisle in the Jamaica Market
* One of the flower stands in the Jamaica Market
# Cape Wild

Cape Wild is a prominent rock cape on the eastern end of the Organ Pipe Cliffs, 4 nautical miles (7 km) east of Cape Blake. This may be the cape viewed from the ship Superior Mirage, by the United States Exploring Expedition under Lieutenant Charles Wilkes, January 19, 1840. Wilkes applied the name "Point Emmons" for Lieutenant George F. Emmons of the Vincennes. The cape was accurately positioned by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–1914) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Frank Wild, a member of the expedition and leader of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition Western Base Party.
# Congress of Soissons

The Congress of Soissons was a diplomatic conference held between a number of European powers, principally Great Britain and Spain, between 14 June 1728 and July 1729 in the French town of Soissons.
Along with the Convention of Pardo, it was designed to bring an end to the Anglo-Spanish War of 1727 by resolving their commercial and territorial disagreements. Spain agreed to recognise British possession of Gibraltar and Menorca in exchange for British recognition of Spanish rights in Italy. The ultimate aim of the British delegates Stephen Poyntz and Horatio Walpole was to prevent a Spanish-Austrian alliance from developing against Britain by resolving Britain's dispute with Spain as smoothly as possible. Directed by the Duke of Newcastle, the British took a relatively hard line, believing they were negotiating from a position of strength—a strategy that proved successful. The Dutch Republic was represented at the conference by Sicco van Goslinga.
It opened the way for a final treaty to be agreed between the two sides in Seville. However, many of the disputes between Britain and Spain flared up again over the next decade, leading the two states to fight again in the War of Jenkins' Ear in 1739.
# Ragoza

Ragoza is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Ragoza (1858–1919), Russian general and Ukrainian politician
* Yevgeni Ragoza (born 1979), Russian footballer and coach