OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# City Protocol

The City Protocol is a new open, global, and progressive working framework for cities worldwide to assess and improve performance in environmental sustainability, economic competitiveness, quality of life, and city services, by innovating and demonstrating new leadership models, new ways of engaging society, and by leveraging new information and communication technologies (ICT).
Many initiatives exist today on various indicators (quality, performance and life) and on normalization of trade. The City Protocol addresses the city under a systemic approach. Cities can usefully be described as complex systems since their components interact and co-determine their future. Thus, urban planning is limited by the very nature of their complexity. The city has a metabolism and a rich ecosystem, it’s very heterogeneous. Like any complex system, it changes over time, it evolves, it is fragile and must adapt to changes. Resilience is the key to also ensure continuity of services in the city at any time of crisis. Two major vectors through the development of the city, the need, its uses and functions, and chance, hazard and risk. The city should be adaptive, learning, evolving, robust, autonomous, self-repairing, and self-reproducing.

## Goals

The City Protocol has five fundamental goals:
* To facilitate and foster a new science of cities.
* To establish a cooperation framework among the city council, academia, companies, organizations and people/society.
* To lead and pave cities’ futures.
* To understand the common driving forces of urban evolution and find common game-changing solutions.
* To find innovative economical opportunities and synergies: and deliver value-adding products and services.
The City Protocol will move worldwide city thinking forward effectively and remain appealing and available to a wide range of cities and smart city communities. City Protocol will create a reflection community, a sharing space and opportunities to build complete or partly solutions to allow the emergent new generation solutions for a sustainable city.

## Development Process of the City Protocol

The City Protocol will be created through a number of stages that will span some 18 months:
* Stage 1, to July 2012: will enroll a discrete group of core Cities, Institutions, Industry, and Academia to agree the need for, and shape the City protocol Society. Kick start of Working Groups (CPWG) and areas of work.
* Stage 2, to November 2012: will build agreements (CPA) on the principles, focus, commitment and manner by which the society will operate and the goals and outline content that it will address. The CPS will start operating under this stage.
* Stage 3, to November 2013: will establish from the core committed participants, visible initial products that the society can evidence as true and meaningful value. Once the CPS has been established, working groups (WG) will be set up. Said WG will work remotely under a periodical basis. Face to face meetings will take place to discuss and work around the CP.
# A Cat, Shozo, and Two Women

A Cat, Shozo, and Two Women (Japanese: 猫と庄造と二人のをんな, Hepburn: Neko to Shōzō to futari no onna), also titled Shozo, a Cat, and Two Women, is a 1956 Japanese comedy film directed by Shirō Toyoda. It is based on Jun'ichirō Tanizaki's 1936 novella A Cat, a Man, and Two Women.

## Plot

Kitchenware salesman Shōzō shows more affection for his cat Lily than for the people around him. When his disgruntled wife Shinako moves out, his mother Orin, who never got along with her daughter-in-law, encourages him to marry Fukuko, the young daughter of Shōzō's wealthy uncle Nakajima. Fukuko is soon enervated by her future husband's obsessive love for his cat. Shinako, who moved in with her sister, talks Fukuko into giving Lily to her, speculating that the couple will fall out with each other over the cat's absence, and that Shōzō will eventually take Shinako back. Although Shōzō and Fukuko do separate after repeated quarrels, he refuses to re-unite with Shinako. Lily escapes from Shinako's flat, and while Shōzō searches for her, Fukuko and Shinako get engaged in a fight. Thrown out of his home by Fukuko, whose father paid the mortgage for the house, he walks along the rainy beach, his cat in his arms.

## Cast

* Hisaya Morishige as Shōzō
* Isuzu Yamada as Shinako
* Kyōko Kagawa as Fukuko
* Chieko Naniwa as Orin, Shōzō's mother
* Juro Hayashida as Nakajima
* Ashinoya Gangyoku as Kinoshita
* Kyū Sazanka as Soeyama
* Haruo Tanaka as Hagimura
* Michiyo Tamaki as Tamiko
* Yuko Minami as Hatsuko, Shinako's sister
* Katsue Miyakoya as Matsu

## Reception

In his 1959 compendium The Japanese Film – Art and Industry, film historian Donald Richie called A Cat, Shozo, and Two Women "warm, moving, and awfully funny, a winning combination of comedy and impeccable taste".

## Awards

Isuzu Yamada received the Kinema Junpo Award for Best Actress, the Mainichi Film Award for Best Actress and the Blue Ribbon Award for Best Actress. Mitsuo Miura was awarded the Mainichi Film Award for Best Cinematography and the Blue Ribbon Award for Best Cinematography.
# GC1

GC1 or GC-1 may refer to:

## Aircraft

* Cessna GC-1
* Globe Swift (GC-1/1A/1B)

## Minor planets

* 8204 Takabatake (1994 GC$_1$)
* 9749 Van den Eijnde (1989 GC$_1$)
* (10133) 1993 GC$_1$
* (10328) 1991 GC$_1$
* 29869 Chiarabarbara (1999 GC$_1$)

## Other

* Sobetirome (GC-1), a thyromimetic drug
* GC-1 (GigaCluster), a transputer system produced by Parsytec
* GC-1, an operating division of the Metro Local bus system in Los Angeles, USA
* Autopista GC-1, a motorway in Gran Canaria, Spain
* Groupe de combat n°1 (Combat Group No.1), a unit in the Free French Flight known as "Jam"
# Cherneskey v Armadale Publishers Ltd

Cherneskey v Armadale Publishers Ltd, [1979] 1 SCR 1067 is a leading decision by the Supreme Court of Canada on the use of a defence of fair comment against an action for libel.
An action for libel was brought by a Morris Cherneskey, an alderman for Saskatoon City Council, against the local Star-Phoenix newspaper for publishing a letter written by two law students criticizing Cherneskey for supporting the creation of an Alcoholic Rehabilitation Centre in a residential section of Saskatoon.
In a six to three decision the Court held that a defence of fair comment is not possible when the editors themselves did not agree with the opinion of the letter and when there was no evidence that the authors of the letter submitted the letter in good faith. The Court stated that:
    The freedom of the journalist is an ordinary part of the freedom of the subject, and to whatever lengths the subject in general may go, so also may the journalist, but, apart from statute law, his privilege is no other and no higher. The responsibilities which attach to his power in the dissemination of printed matter may, and in the case of a conscientious journalist do, make him more careful; but the range of his assertions, his criticisms, or his comments is as wide as, and no wider than, that of any other subject. No privilege attaches to his position.
Chief Justice Brian Dickson wrote the dissenting opinion.
# James de Saumarez

James de Saumarez may refer to:
* James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez (1757–1836), British Royal Navy admiral
* James Saumarez, 2nd Baron de Saumarez (1789–1863), Baron de Saumarez
* James Saumarez, 4th Baron de Saumarez (1843–1937), British diplomat and peer
* James Saumarez, 5th Baron de Saumarez (1889–1969), Baron de Saumarez
* James Saumarez, 6th Baron de Saumarez (1924–1991), Baron de Saumarez
# Chyeranovskii BICh-14

The BICh-14 (aka TsKB-10) was a twin-engined tailless sport / touring aircraft designed and built in the USSR from 1934.

## Development

Further development of the BICh-7A led to an enlarged twin-engined version, a model of which was tested in a wind tunnel, as the BICh-10, with two M-11 engines on the leading edge of the parabolic wing either side of the cockpit nacelle. Full scale development emerged as the BICh-14, a 2x scaled up BICh-7A, with Townend ring cowlings and up to five seats in the cabin. Construction was of wood with plywood and fabric skin or covering, four spars and sixty ribs.
Flight testing began late in 1934 piloted by Yu. I. Piontkovskii, and later in 1936 at the NII VVS by P.M. Stefanovskii, M.A. Nyukhtikov and I.F. Petrov. Results of the flight tests were not encouraging as the aircraft was found to have marginal control and stability, with high stick forces required to raise the nose on landing, as well as an in-effective rudder. Despite the shortcomings of the BICh-14 testing continued through to 1937.

## Variants

* BICh-10 – initial twin-engined version tested in a wind tunnel, in 1933, as a model only.
* BICh-14 – A 2x scaled up BICh-7A with two M-11 radial engines on the leading edges of the wings.

## Specifications (BICh-14)

Data from Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 – 1995”. London, Osprey. 1995. ISBN 1-85532-405-9
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 4
* Length: 6.0 m (19 ft 9 in)
* Wingspan: 16.2 m (53 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 60 m$^2$ (646 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,285 kg (2,883 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,900 kg (4,189 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × M-11 , 74.6 kW (100 hp) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 220 km/h (137 mph, 119 kn)
* Range: 370 km (230 mi, 200 nmi)
# Cold Cold Hearts (album)

Cold Cold Hearts is the 1997 debut solo album by the American riot grrrl band Cold Cold Hearts. It is a follow-up to their 7" single, "Yer So Sweet (Baby Donut)" and the band's only full-length studio album.

## Track listing

* VxRx – 1:41
* Any Resemblance ... – 2:04
* 5 Signs: Scorpio – 1:44
* Cute Boy Discount – 3:17
* Broken Teeth – 2:06
* Lady! Reversible! (Alleged.) – 1:41
* Maybe Scabies – 1:44
* 1-2-3 Many! – 1:45
* Sorry Yer Band Sux ("Rebels Without a Brains") – 2:10
* Yer So Sweet (Baby Donut) – 1:26
* State Trooper in the Left Lane, Nattles! – 2:16

## Critical reception

Remarking on the relative enduring freshness of the songs, AllMusic called the album "a solid entry into the contemporary tradition of post-riot grrrl Northwestern rock".
"Any Resemblance ... " was included in a "Riot Grrrl Essential Listening Guide" compiled by Evelyn McDonnell and Elisabeth Vincentelli for The New York Times.

## Credits

* Erin Smith - Guitar, Vocals (Background), Photography
* Allison Wolfe - Vocals
* Natalie Mencinsky (Credited as "Nattles") - Bass, Artwork (Design)
* Katherine Brown - Drums
* Mark Robinson - Vocals (Background), Producer, Engineer, Art Direction
* Matt Lettsinger - Engineer
* Rob Christiansen - Engineer
# Gaslit

Gaslit may refer to:
* Gaslit (TV series), a 2022 political thriller about the Watergate scandal
* "Gaslit" (Gossip Girl episode), a 2010 episode of the CW television series
* Gas Lit, a 2021 album by the band Divide and Dissolve
# A Casual Affair: The Best of Tonic

A Casual Affair: The Best of Tonic is a compilation album of the band Tonic, released in 2009. The album was released in conjunction with the band reuniting for a national tour from late 2008 to late fall of 2009. The album features twelve songs from their first three albums, plus three bonus tracks: live versions of the songs "Irish" and "Sugar" in addition to an acoustic version of "You Wanted More."

## Track listing

* "You Wanted More" (3:53)
* "Take Me as I Am" (3:38)
* "If You Could Only See" (4:24)
* "Knock Down Walls" (3:46)
* "Count on Me (Somebody)" (3:49)
* "Sugar" (3:31)
* "Soldier's Daughter" (5:04)
* "Lemon Parade" (3:42)
* "Mean to Me" (4:13)
* "Open Up Your Eyes" (3:43)
* "Casual Affair" (3:35)
* "Irish" (5:07)
* "You Wanted More" (acoustic) (3:52)
* "Sugar" (live) (4:04)
* "Irish" (live) (7:19)
* "Open Up Your Eyes" (live) (3:40) (iTunes Bonus Track)
* "Lemon Parade" (live) (3:44) (iTunes Bonus Track)
* "Casual Affair" (live) (3:47) (iTunes Bonus Track)
* "If You Could Only See" (acoustic) (iTunes Bonus Track)
* "Soldier's Daughter" (Radio Edit) (iTunes Bonus Track)
* "If You Could Only See" (Two Meter Sessions) (iTunes Bonus Track)
# James George Joseph Penderel-Brodhurst

James George Joseph Penderel-Brodhurst (5 June 1859 – 2 December 1934) was a British journalist and writer, who was editor of the Guardian, an Anglican newspaper, from 1905 to 1922.

## Early life

James Penderel-Brodhurst, the son of Charles Penderel-Brodhurst, was born on 5 June 1859. As a member of the Penderel family which assisted Charles II, Penderel-Brodhurst received an annuity from a trust set up in 1676. His ancestor, Humphrey Penderel, helped to hide Charles in an oak tree after his defeat in the Battle of Worcester in 1651, and in return Charles established the pension to the Penderel family and their descendants.

## Career

Penderel-Brodhurst joined the editorial staff of the St James's Gazette in 1888 and became the editor of its weekly edition, the St James's Budget, the following year. In 1893 the St James's Budget was relaunched as an independent illustrated weekly, but the paper ceased publication in 1899.
From 1895 to 1904 Penderel-Brodhurst worked as a leader writer at the Standard, and became assistant editor of the Guardian in 1903, rising to editor two years later. He stood down as editor on 31 December 1922, becoming consulting editor the following year, a position he held until his death in 1934.
Alongside his journalism roles, Penderel-Brodhurst was the author of several books on architecture, furniture and the Penderel family. He wrote Richard Penderel's entry in the Dictionary of National Biography, published in 1895, and made several contributions to the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, mostly relating to furniture.

## Family and later life

Penderel-Brodhurst married Henrietta Lee Baker, daughter of architect Humphrey Baker, in 1881. His second and only surviving son, Bernard Richard Penderel-Brodhurst (1890-1918), worked as an architect before he was killed in World War I.
Penderel-Brodhurst died following an operation on 2 December 1934. After his death his daughter Eleanor received the Penderel annuity, while his estate of £5,173 was left to his wife.
# Ramalina sanctae-helenae

Ramalina sanctae-helenae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in the remote tropical island of Saint Helena, where it grows in semi-desert areas and on cliffs throughout the island. It was formally described as a new species in 2008 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the author on the north slope of Prosperous Bay Plain at an elevation of 280 m (920 ft); there, it was found growing on basalt. The fruticose thallus of the lichen, initially shrubby, becomes pendant with age, reaching lengths of up to 40 cm (15.7 in), although typically it is smaller, up to about 7 cm (2.8 in). Thin-layer chromatography shows that the species contains usnic acid, and, depending on the strain, sometimes boninic acid, protocetraric acid, and divaricatic acid. The species epithet refers to the type locality. According to the author, the presence of various chemical strains of the lichen suggest that it is undergoing speciation.
# Jan & Kjeld

Jan & Kjeld were a musical duo from Denmark, consisting of brothers Jan and Kjeld Wennick, both singers and banjo players. The duo, active in the late 1950s and early 1960s, was especially successful in Germany with a number of schlager-style songs. The duo is perhaps best known for their 1960 song "Banjo Boy". In the U.S. the song was their only chart entry on the Billboard Hot 100 (#58).
Jan Wennick (born in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 27 July 1946) and Kjeld Wennick (born in Gränna, Sweden; 3 February 1944 – 31 May 2020) began performing as a duo, Jan and Kjeld, in 1956. The duo's first recording, "Tiger Rag", became a hit in Denmark and in Germany. Later that year, the worldwide breakthrough came with the song "Banjo Boy", which reached no 1 on the German hit parade and gave the young duo a gold record and a bronze lion on the Radio Luxembourg.
In 1983, Kjeld founded a record company, Mega Records and signed the Swedish pop group Ace of Base. In 2001, he sold the record company and music publisher to Edel Records. He was subsequently a judge at a number of talent shows on Danish television.
Kjeld Wennick died of cancer at age 76. He had been diagnosed with kidney cancer three years earlier, and by the time of his death it had spread to the bones.
# Chydenanthus

Chydenanthus is a genus of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family first described as a genus in 1875. There is only one known species, Chydenanthus excelsus, native to Indonesia, Myanmar, New Guinea, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
# Froh zu sein bedarf es wenig

"Froh zu sein bedarf es wenig" (It takes little to be happy) is a round in German from the 19th century, composed by August Mühling [de].

## History

The text has been found several times from the 18th century, earliest in 1770 in Christian Felix Weiße's libretto of Johann Adam Hiller's opera Die Jagd.
The composition is by August Mühling. He is supposed to published it as part of his Gesänge, Op. 5, but it is not found as part of the first edition of 1812.

## Text and melody

Froh zu sein bedarf es wenig, und wer froh ist, ist ein König!
# 2014 Heineken Open

The 2014 Heineken Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 39th edition of the Heineken Open, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2014 ATP World Tour. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 6 January to 11 January 2014. Third-seeded John Isner won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

* John Isner defeated Lu Yen-hsun, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 7–6$^{(9–7)}$

### Doubles

* Julian Knowle / Marcelo Melo defeated Alexander Peya / Bruno Soares, 4–6, 6–3, [10–5]

## Points and prize money
### Point distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 250 | 150 | 90 | 45 | 20 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Doubles | 250 | 150 | 90 | 45 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |

### Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | $82,500 | $43,450 | $23,535 | $13,410 | $7,900 | $4,680 | $755 | $360 | — |
| Doubles * | $25,060 | $13,200 | $7,140 | $4,090 | $2,390 | — | — | — | — |
$_{*perteam}$

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ESP | David Ferrer | 3 | 1 |
| GER | Tommy Haas | 12 | 2 |
| USA | John Isner | 14 | 3 |
| RSA | Kevin Anderson | 20 | 4 |
| GER | Philipp Kohlschreiber | 22 | 5 |
| FRA | Benoît Paire | 26 | 6 |
| FRA | Gaël Monfils | 31 | 7 |
| NED | Robin Haase | 43 | 8 |
| GER | Daniel Brands | 54 | 9 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of December 30, 2013

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Marcos Baghdatis
* Jack Sock
* Rubin Statham
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Daniel Gimeno Traver
* Lukáš Lacko
* Donald Young
* Bradley Klahn
The following players received entry as lucky loser:
* Steve Johnson

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Brian Baker → replaced by Michał Przysiężny
* Gaël Monfils (fatigue) → replaced by Steve Johnson
* Tommy Robredo (right arm injury) → replaced by Santiago Giraldo

## ATP doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| AUT | Alexander Peya | BRA | Bruno Soares | 7 | 1 |
| AUT | Julian Knowle | BRA | Marcelo Melo | 40 | 2 |
| MEX | Santiago González | USA | Scott Lipsky | 64 | 3 |
| SWE | Johan Brunström | AUT | Oliver Marach | 84 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of December 30, 2013

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Colin Fleming / Ross Hutchins
* Jose Rubin Statham / Michael Venus
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Roberto Bautista Agut / Daniel Gimeno Traver

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Michał Przysiężny (illness)

#### During the tournament

* Jamie Murray (back injury)
# Gaslini

Gaslini is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Giorgio Gaslini (1929–2014), Italian jazz pianist, composer and conductor
* Placido Gaslini (fl. 1920s), Italian tennis player
# Coleophora tringella

Coleophora tringella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in southern Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. It occurs in desert-steppe and desert biotopes.
Adults are on wing from late May to June.
The larvae feed on Kochia prostrata. They feed on the generative organs of their host plant.
# Claude Clegg

Claude Clegg (full name: Claude Andrew Clegg III) is a historian who specializes in the history of the African diaspora in the Americas. He is currently the Lyle V. Jones Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with a joint appointment in African, African American, and Diaspora Studies.

## Education

Clegg holds a BA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a PhD from the University of Michigan.

## Works

Clegg has written several books, including The Black President: Hope and Fury in the Age of Obama, An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad, Troubled Ground: A Tale of Murder, Lynching, and Reckoning in the New South, and The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia.

## Selected bibliography

* The Black President: Hope and Fury in the Age of Obama, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-1-4214-4188-7
* An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. Reprinted by the University of North Carolina Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4696-1805-0.
* The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8078-5516-4.
* Troubled Ground: A Tale of Murder, Lynching, and Reckoning in the New South, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-252-07782-1.

## Sources

* Faculty bio page, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
# Ramsjön, Haninge kommun

Ramsjön is a lake in Stockholm County, Södermanland, Sweden.
* This article about a location in Stockholm County, Sweden is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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