OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grant O. Gale

Grant Oscar Gale (December 29, 1903 – April 14, 1998) was the S.S. Williston Professor of physics at Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa, the curator of Grinnell's Physics Historical Museum, and the namesake of the Grant O. Gale Observatory on the Grinnell campus.

## Education

While an undergraduate at the University of Wisconsin, Gale was a classmate of John Bardeen with whom he kept in touch in later years.

## Career and notable students

After graduation in 1928 Gale was offered an instructor position in physics at Grinnell College, and eventually became professor of physics. Until his death in 1998 he collected science equipment which had become obsolete and maintained a series of exhibits which now form the core of Grinnell's Physics Historical Museum.
From Bardeen, Gale acquired early versions of the transistor. One of Gale's most noted students was his former baby sitter, Robert Noyce, co-inventor of the integrated circuit and founder of Intel. While Noyce was his student at Grinnell:
   Gale had kept up with Bardeen and his work, and he obtained two transistors in 1948 while Noyce was an undergraduate. Noyce worked with Gale on the transistor and was thus among the first to encounter its limitless potential.
Gale's mentorship of Noyce was also instrumental in protecting him from disciplinary action when Noyce stole a pig from a nearby farmer (who actually was also the Mayor) and then slaughtered it in Clark Hall for a college luau. The prank would have earned him expulsion and jail time since livestock theft was a felony offense in Iowa, if not for Gale's intervention.
Gale was also the physics instructor for Grinnell music student Herbie Hancock.

## Sundial

The large "Alpha and Omega Sundial" which sits next to the Noyce Science Center on the Grinnell College campus is named in honor of Gale's wife Harriet.
# George Cleve

George Wolfgang Cleve (July 9, 1936 – August 27, 2015) was an Austrian-born American conductor. He was best known for his interpretation of Mozart.

## Life

Born in Vienna, the son of Felix Cleve (born Feb. 8th, 1890 in Vienna) and the former Melitta Monheit, the family emigrated from Austria in 1938 after the Anschluss, and settled in New York City in 1940. Cleve studied at The High School of Music & Art and the Mannes College of Music. He was a student of Leonard Bernstein, George Szell and Pierre Monteux. Monteux was the one who suggested Cleve as a substitute conductor for a concert at the Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, in 1960, which marked Cleve's professional debut.

## Career

Cleve was music director of the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra from 1968-1970. He subsequently served as music director of the San Jose Symphony from 1972 to 1992. He was respected, but also demanding, as musicians noted:
       'Notorious for his moods and angry outbursts during rehearsals, Cleve could offend his players. Gilda Mazzanti, a violinist, once said, "There were many pieces that we played with clenched teeth; if you only knew what we sometimes went through."
       Wendell Rider, the orchestra's principal horn during those years, agreed that Cleve "was over the edge at times. But as far as the conducting -- it was inspiring," he said Thursday. "There was always a commitment to finding the deepest meaning of the piece. He had that channel going."'
       "Mr. Cleve had a long-standing reputation as a tempestuous, even tyrannical, collaborator, but that was a function of his high standards, [violinist Robin] Hansen said. 'He was difficult, but he was harder on himself than on anyone. He was all about integrity, and if you had that, then you were a colleague.'"
In 1974, Cleve co-founded the Midsummer Mozart Festival with Robert Hubbard and Wendell Rider, and served as its artistic leader from its founding until his death. In New York City, Cleve first conducted at the Mostly Mozart Festival in 1975 and at New York City Ballet in 2000, and subsequently appeared regularly with both organisations as a guest conductor.

## Death

Cleve died at the age of 79 in Berkeley, California, from liver failure. He married Maria Tamburrino, a flutist, in 1986. He also has a son, Jeremiah Wiggins, from a previous relationship. His wife, son, daughter-in-law and granddaughter survive him.
# Gantry (medical)

In a medical facility, such as a hospital or clinic, a gantry holds radiation detectors and/or a radiation source used to diagnose or treat a patient's illness. Radiation sources may produce gamma radiation, x-rays, electromagnetic radiation, or magnetic fields depending on the purpose of the device.

## CT scanner

The gantry of a computed tomography scanner (CT) is a ring or cylinder, into which a patient is placed. The x-ray tube and x-ray detector spin rapidly in the gantry, as the patient is moved in and out of the gantry. The CT scanner produces 3-dimensional x-ray images of the patient.

## Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

An MRI gantry remains fixed, and contains cryogenically cooled superconducting electromagnets and radio transmitters that flip protons in hydrogen atoms in the human body via proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The machine then listens and processes the signals given off by the hydrogen atoms as the protons flip back in order to produce a 3D image of the interior of the patient's body.

## Radiation therapy

The gantry of an external beam radiotherapy machine moves a radiation source around a patient. A linear accelerator (linac) is built into the top part of the gantry in the photo at the right. The rectangular screen on the right side of the gantry is a cone beam x-ray detector, which is used to help position a patient prior to treatment.
The gantry is supported by a drive stand, which rotates the gantry on a fixed horizontal axis as the linac revolves around a patient. A klystron in the drive stand behind the gantry supplies radio frequency energy to the linac. The linac accelerates a pencil size beam of electrons horizontally. After leaving the linac, the electrons are deflected and focussed downward by magnets, causing the electrons to strike tungsten target. The target stops the electrons, and the sudden deceleration results in bremsstrahlung radiation of X-rays.
The photo below is of a different gantry rotated to about 45°. The apparatus attached to the left side of the gantry is a cone beam x-ray source, with the x-ray detector on the right side. Prior to treatment, the cone beam x-ray system is used to align the patient's tumor with the radiation.
# Comitas kayalensis

Comitas kayalensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to India and occurs off Cuddalore
# Fisherman (disambiguation)

A fisherman is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish
Fisherman, Fishermen or variants thereof may also refer to:

## Music

* The Fisherman, an orchestral composition by Bedrich Smetana (1824–1884)
* Fiskarena (The Fishermen) (VB 40), by Joseph Martin Kraus (1756–1792)
* The Fishermen, a band of Pete Finestone of Bad Religion
* "Fisherman", song by The Congos from Heart of the Congos 1977
* "Fisherman", song by Brian May
* "Fisherman", song by Yancey Boys from Sunset Blvd. 2013
* "Fisherman", song by The Iveys from album

## Novels

* The Big Fisherman (book), a 1948 historical novel by Lloyd C. Douglas, the best-selling American book of 1948
* The Fisherman (novel), a 2016 horror novel by John Langan
* The Fishermen (Grigorovich novel) 1853
* The Fishermen (Kirk novel), 1928 novel, the best-selling Danish book of all time
* The Fishermen (Obioma novel) 2015

## Poems

* "Der Fischer (Goethe)" (The Fisherman), by Goethe
* "The Fisherman", a poem by Jane Wilde, influential on her son Oscar Wilde
* "The Fisherman", by William Butler Yeats
* "The Fisherman", by the Slovene Romantic poet France Prešeren
* "The Fisherman", by Abbie Farwell Brown
* "Yu Fu" or "The Fisherman", traditionally attributed to Qu Yuan

## Sculptures

* The Fisherman (Puerto Vallarta), Mexico
* The Fishermen (sculpture), Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
* The Fisherman, a relief at the pedestal of the Prešeren Monument (Ljubljana), Slovenia

## Other uses

* Fisherman (American horse), an American racehorse
* Fisherman (English horse), an English racehorse
* Fisherman (comics), several DC Comics characters
* Fisherman, British Columbia, Canada, a ghost town
* Fisherman, a troop in the mobile game Clash Royale
# 24 Deep

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
24 Deep is the debut studio EP by American rapper Brotha Lynch Hung. It was released in 1993 through Black Market Records.

## Track listing

* All songs written, produced, mixed and performed by Brotha Lynch Hung

## Samples

* "Thought They Knew (Intro)" contains a sample of Modaji as performed by Harvey Mason.
* "24 Deep" contains sampled drum patterns from Synthetic Substitution performed by Melvin Bliss and melody sampled from I've Been Watching You by Southside Movement.
* "Had 2 Gat Ya" contains samples from Deep Cover by Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre ("187 on the..." as said by Snoop Dogg) and How I Could Just Kill a Man by Cypress Hill ("Ya know I had to gat ya" said by Sen Dog).
* "Had 2 Gat Ya" also contains a sample of More Bounce to the Ounce as performed by Zapp.
* "Lose a Hoe, Gain a Hoe" contains a sample of "Hold On" as performed by En Vogue.
* "Back Fade" also contains sampled drum patterns from Synthetic Substitution as performed by Melvin Bliss and 6 O'clock DJ (Let's Rock) as performed by Rose Royce.
* "Jackin' For Joints" contains a sample from "Atomic Dog" by George Clinton, "Jungle Love by The Time and "Jackin' For Beats" performed by Ice Cube.
* "Walkin' 2 My Funeral" contains a sample of You Remind Me as performed by Patrice Rushen.
* "Fundamentals of Ripgut Cannibalism (Outro)" also contains a sample of 6 O'clock DJ (Let's Rock) as performed by Rose Royce.

## Chart positions

| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums | 91 |
# Crown and Anchor, Strand

The Crown and Anchor, also written Crown & Anchor and earlier known as The Crown, was a public house in Arundel Street, off The Strand in London, England, famous for meetings of political (particularly the early 19th-century Radicals) and various other groups. It is no longer in existence.
The first tavern built on the site sometime before 1710 accommodated the Academy of Vocal Music (1726), renamed (1731) The Academy of Ancient Music), and the Royal Society. George Frideric Handel premiered his first oratorio, Esther, here in 1732, a significant moment in British musical life as it was the first oratorio in English (rather than the usual Italian). Samuel Johnson and James Boswell dined here during the 18th century. A second tavern was built in 1790, and both this and its earlier incarnation may have been called The Crown. Its rooms were large and able to accommodate 2,500 people, leading to its use as a venue for political meetings, particularly by the Radicals, including John Cam Hobhouse and Charles James Fox. One meeting was addressed by the Irish leader and MP in the United Kingdom Parliament, Daniel O'Connell. On 11 November 1823, George Birkbeck made a speech at the Crown and Anchor, attended by over 2000 people including Jeremy Bentham, Hobhouse and Henry Brougham, at which he proposed the foundation of an institution dedicated to educating the working-class inhabitants of London. This meeting led to the foundation of London Mechanics' Institute on 2 December 1823, which would go on to become Birkbeck, University of London.
The Association for Preserving Liberty and Property against Republicans and Levellers, founded by John Reeves in 1792, were known as the Crown and Anchor Society or Association.
During the late 20th century, the site housed offices and a branch of HSBC Bank. It is today a residential development, 190 Strand, incorporating groundfloor retail units.
# Grappenhall Heys Walled Garden

Grappenhall Heys Walled Garden is a historic walled garden in Grappenhall, Warrington, Cheshire, England. The garden was built by Thomas Parr around 1830 as both a pleasure garden for relaxing strolls and as a kitchen garden to produce fruit, vegetables, and herbs. After a period of decline, the garden was restored first by English Partnerships and then by the local parish council in conjunction with the friends of the garden.

## History

The walled garden was built around 1830 by Warrington banker Thomas Parr to accompany a mansion house. Thomas Parr's father, Joseph Parr, founded Parr's Bank and Thomas was appointed Chairman of the bank. Before opening the bank, Joseph Parr had made his wealth in the sugar refining industry that supported the slave trade in the British West Indies. Parr's bank amalgamated through acquisitions into the NatWest.
Unusually, Parr included both a pleasure garden and a kitchen garden within the same boundary wall. In addition to enjoying their garden, the Parr family held frequent galas and special events for the community. One annual event called "Beating the Bounds" involved a walk around the boundaries of the townships of Lymm, Appleton, and Grappenhall, which included the garden. Historical records suggest that the estate was at its height from 1875 to 1899.
By the 1950s, the estate had become derelict and parts of it were sold off. The house was demolished in the 1970s and the garden passed to English Partnerships for renovation. In 2005 control of the garden passed to Grappenhall and Thelwall Parish Council, which continued restoration in conjunction with a community group called "The Friends of Grappenhall Heys Walled Garden". In 2012 the garden was given a Heritage Lottery Fund award towards repair of the Victorian glasshouses and completion of the restoration.

## Description
### Pleasure garden

There is a pleasure garden with herbaceous borders, specimen trees, wooded copses, and three ponds. An 1829 tithe map shows the ponds were originally marl pits created by small-scale marl extraction. Over time the ponds became heavily silted up, but were sufficiently deep to obscure workers below ground level when they were eventually excavated during restoration. The footpath around the pleasure garden was named the "Master's Walk".

### Kitchen garden

There is a kitchen garden which produces fruits, vegetables, and herbs, cultivated by the Warrington Organic Gardening Society. Varieties of pear and more than 20 varieties of apple are grown in a small orchard. Grapes and tomatoes are cultivated in fully restored glasshouses. Surplus fruits and vegetables are sold to the public.

### Facilities

The garden is a popular attraction in Warrington. Facilities include a cafe, toilets, and free access. In recognition of its high standards, in 2018 the garden was given its second Green Flag Award, a benchmark national standard for publicly accessible parks and green spaces in the United Kingdom.
# 25th Independence Anniversary Medal

The 25th Independence Anniversary Medal was issued to commemorate the historic occasion of 25 years of the independence of India.

## Criteria

The medal was issued by the Government of India through a Presidential Notification for all personnel of -
a) Armed Forces (the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, of any other Reserve Forces, Territorial Army, J & K Militia and any other armed forces of the Union), and
b) All ranks of the Railway Protection Force, Police Forces, Home Guards, Civil Defence Organisation and any other organisation specified bv the Government.

## Design
### Medal

The medal is circular in shape and made of cupro-nickel. It is 35 mm in diameter and will be fitted to a ring. It will have the Lion Capital of Ashoka and the motto on the front. It will have the inscriptions पच्चीसवीं स्वतंत्रता जयंती मेडल (Pachisvi swatantrata jayanti medal) and 25th Independence Anniversary Medal on either side of the State Emblem along the rim.
The reverse of the medal shall be embossed a replica of Ashoka’s Chakra in the centre with inscription 1947 above and 1972 below it.

### Ribbon

The ribbon will be 32 mm in width and have the colours of national flag i.e. saffron, white and green in equal parts in the centre and of maroon colour of 10 mm each on either side.
# George Clifford III

George Clifford III (7 January 1685, Amsterdam – 10 April 1760, Heemstede) was a wealthy Dutch banker and one of the directors of the Dutch East India Company. He is known for his keen interest in plants and gardens.
His summer estate Hartekamp, south of Haarlem in Heemstede near Bennebroek, had a rich variety of plants and he engaged the Swedish naturalist Carl von Linné ("Carl Linnaeus"), who stayed at his estate from 1736 to 1738, to write Hortus Cliffortianus (1737), a masterpiece of early botanical literature published in 1738, and for which Georg Dionysius Ehret did the illustrations.
His grandfather, Englishman George Clifford I, moved from Stow (where his father was rector) to Amsterdam around 1640, beginning an Anglo-Dutch trading and banking dynasty. Subsequent members of the Clifford Family were prominent leaders in Amsterdam.
The garden at Hartekamp was already quite famous before George Clifford bought the estate in 1709 from Johan Hinlopen. Under his ownership, the number of unusual plants grew exponentially. He had 4 hothouses built to house the many tropical plants that he collected through his business connections from all over the world. He was an important friend and seed supplier for botanist Herman Boerhaave, whose summer home (and garden) at Oud Poelgeest was just a short trip away by trekschuit along the Haarlem-Leiden canal known as the Leidsevaart.
In 1736 Clifford became famous for growing the first indoor banana tree, and for this reason Linnaeus was eager to work with him. Many specimens from Clifford's garden were also studied by Linnaeus for his Species Plantarum (1753).
Clifford died in 1760 and left the business to his sons George IV (1708-1757), Jan (1710-1772), Henry (1711-1787) and the estate to Pieter (1712-1788). The banking house of Clifford under George Clifford Jr. fell in 1772 and the estate Hartekamp went out of the family in 1788. Since then the garden has declined and is currently used as a school campus.

## Herbarium

Clifford's herbarium was acquired by Joseph Banks in 1791 who passed it on to the British Museum of Natural History, where it is published online.
Many of the specimens in the collection are mounted on the paper contemporary with their preservation, but some have been remounted on a type of paper used by the British Museum. They are labelled in various hands, including Clifford's own. Many are mounted using a label made to look like an urn; a method typical of and exclusive to Dutch herbaria of the period. Various styles of urn were used.
# Coaxial

In geometry, coaxial means that several three-dimensional linear or planar forms share a common axis. The two-dimensional analog is concentric.
Common examples:
A coaxial cable has a wire conductor in the centre (D), a circumferential outer conductor (B), and an insulating medium called the dielectric (C) separating these two conductors. The outer conductor is usually sheathed in a protective PVC outer jacket (A). All these have a common axis. The dimension and material of the conductors and insulation determine the cable's characteristic impedance and attenuation at various frequencies.
Coaxial rotors are a three-dimensional planar structure: a pair of helicopter rotors (wings) mounted one above the other on concentric shafts, with the same axis of rotation (but turning in opposite directions).
In loudspeaker design, coaxial speakers are a loudspeaker system in which the individual drivers are mounted close to one another on the same axis, and thus radiate sound along the same axis and roughly from the same point.
A coaxial weapon mount places two weapons on roughly the same axis – as the weapons are usually side-by-side or one on top of the other, and thus oriented in parallel directions – they are technically par-axial rather than coaxial, however the distances involved mean that they are effectively coaxial as far as the operator is concerned.
# DXSK-AM

DXSK (1593 AM) Radio Ranao is a radio station owned and operated by Ranao Radio Broadcasting and TV System Corporation. The station's studio is located at Brgy. Raya Saduc, Marawi. This serves as the community station for the Maranaos.
# Charles Cayzer

Charles Cayzer may refer to:
* several of the Cayzer baronets, including:
** Sir Charles Cayzer, 1st Baronet (1843–1916), British politician, MP for Barrow-in-Furness 1892–1906
** Sir Charles Cayzer, 3rd Baronet (1896–1940), British politician, MP for Chester, 1922–1940
* Charles Cayzer (businessman, born 1957), son of Herbert Robin Cayzer, 2nd Baron Rotherwick
# German submarine U-159

U-159 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-159, a Type U 158 submarine launched in 1918 during World War I but unfinished at the end of the war; broken up
* German submarine U-159 (1941), a Type IXC submarine that served in the Second World War until sunk on 28 July 1943
# Coriobacteriia

The Coriobacteriia are a class of Gram-positive bacteria within the Actinomycetota phylum. Species within this group are nonsporulating, strict or facultative anaerobes that are capable of thriving in a diverse set of ecological niches. Gordonibacter species are the only members capable of motility by means of flagella within the class. Several species within the Coriobacteriia class have been implicated with human diseases that range in severity. Atopobium, Olsenella, and Cryptobacterium species have responsible for human oral infections including periodontitis, halitosis, and other endodontic infections. Eggerthella species have been associated with severe blood bacteraemia and ulcerative colitis.

## Molecular signatures and phylogenetic position

Historically, all Coriobacteriia species were placed within a single order (Coriobacteriales) and a single family (Coriobacteriaceae). This view, however, was not reflective of accurate evolutionary interrelationships within the class. The current taxonomic view is justified by the presence of several conserved signature indels (CSIs) that have been found at the different taxonomic ranks. These CSIs are specific and represent synapomorphic characteristics that can be used to distinguish groups within the Coriobacteriia, both at the family and order levels. The distinction of the orders within the Coriobacteriia is also supported phylogenetic tree branching and by consistent characteristics; members belonging to the Coriobacteriales are glucose-fermenting, saccharolytic species while the Eggerthellales order has species that are consistently unable to ferment glucose and are asaccharolytic.
CSIs have also been used to resolve the phylogenetic position of the Coriobacteriia among all bacteria where they have been found exclusively for all species within the class, delineating them from other Actinomycetota. The Coriobacteriia are an early branching lineage within the Actinomycetota phylum The deep branching of the class has led to dispute over its membership within the phylum and whether or not it is a true Actinomycetota group. A CSI in the form of a single amino acid insert in the enzyme deoxyuridine 59-triphosphate (dUTP) nucleotidohydrolase has been found that is shared by all Coriobacteriia members, as well as several Actinomycetota species, and absent from all other bacteria. This CSI provides unambiguous support for Coriobacteriia's membership within the Actinomycetota.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
| 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 |
| Coriobacteriia Anaerosomatales Anaerosomataceae Parvivirga Atopobiaceae Raoultibacter Denitrobacterium Coriobacteriales Coriobacteriaceae Eggerthellales Eggerthellaceae | Coriobacteriia Coriobacteriales Eggerthellaceae Coriobacteriaceae Atopobiaceae |