OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pygophora (fly)

Pygophora is a genus of flies belonging to the family Muscidae, comprising roughly 80 species as of 2023.
The species of this genus are found in Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.

## Description

The head of adult Pygophora has the upper inclinate frontal setae inserted much closer to lower reclinate frontal setae than to lower inclinate frontal setae. The arista of the antennae is very plumose (hairy) on the basal half and bare on the apical half (rarely, the basal four-fifths are sparsely plumose. The ocellar setae are moderately developed and always distinct. On the thorax, the lowest sternopleural setae is much shorter and finer than either of the upper sternopleural setae. The fore tibia has a strong submedian postero-ventral seta.
The genus can be divided into two groups based on the number of preapical setae on the mid femur. Some species have only one preapical setae, and these occur in Asia and Africa while being unknown in New Guinea, Australia and the Pacific. Conversely, the species with two preapical setae occur mainly in Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia and the western Pacific, with few species in mainland Asia and none in mainland Asia.

## Ecology

Pygophora, like some other members of subfamily Coenosiinae, are predators. Their known prey include other flies in the families Psychodidae (moth flies), Culicidae (mosquitoes), Chironomidae (non-biting midges) and Mycetophilidae (fungus gnats).

## Species

* Pygophora absentiseta Crosskey, 1962
* Pygophora acromiata (Speiser, 1910)
* Pygophora africana Crosskey, 1962
* Pygophora apicalis

## Identification

* Revision and key to world species (1962)
* Review and key to Japanese species (2018)
# Pygophora (crustacean)

In the past, Pygophora has been considered an order of barnacles. Research published in 2021 by Chan et al. resulted in the orders Pygophora and Apygophora being classified as families under the order Lithoglyptida.
# Ceremony of the Keys (Gibraltar)

The Ceremony of the Keys event is a re-enactment of the locking of the gates to the old Town and garrison of Gibraltar.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the sea came up to the defensive walls and there were four outer gates through which the town could be entered. Four keys locked these entrances to the town. The ceremony's origins date from the Great Siege of Gibraltar, which started in 1779 when French and Spanish troops attempted to capture Gibraltar. The keys were kept by the Governor who would hand them to the Port (Gate) Sergeant each evening at sunset, so that the four land entrances could be locked shut. The Gate Sergeant with an escort consisting of several armed soldiers, fife and drums would then march to each of the four gates in turn. He would be challenged by the sentry at the gate with the same words as used in London. Once all the gates were locked, the keys would be returned to the Governor at The Convent. In the morning, the Port Sergeant would once again collect the keys to open the town.
During the Great Siege, the Governor, General Sir George Augustus Eliott, reputedly would carry the keys with him everywhere; it was rumoured he slept with them under his pillow at night.
The ceremony was reinstituted in 1933 and is currently performed twice a year (in April and October) by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment and visiting British units and bands. In the modern version of the ceremony, at the firing of the sunset gun, after the flags have been lowered, the Governor of Gibraltar symbolically hands the keys of the fortress to the Port Sergeant. The Port Sergeant, accompanied by an armed escort, marches away to symbolically lock the gates of the fortress for the night before returning the keys to the Governor. The party is also accompanied by drums and fifes, to sound a warning for aliens to leave before the gates are closed. The Ceremony is held only at one of the four gates, Grand Casemates Gates (the old Waterport Gates) at Casemates Square, and following the salute of the guard, the National Anthem God Save the King is played. At official dinners at the Governor's residence, the Keys are piped in by the Port Sergeant who hands them to the Governor declaring the fortress to be locked and safe, these are then placed on a cushion on the table where they remain during the meal.
# Chaenothecopsis jordaniana

Chaenothecopsis jordaniana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) pin lichen. Formally described as a new species in 2020 by Otto Gockman and Steven Selva, it is classified in the family Mycocaliciaceae.

## Description

The lichen lacks a thallus and can be found on the bark of Eastern White Cedar. Apothecia are singular or in groups of 2–7, black or greenish, and epruinose. Apothecia range from 0.14–0.28 mm tall, and 0.11–0.30 mm across, and have an absent or extremely short stock, 0.02–0.08 mm in diameter; they are visible with a 20X hand lens. Asci are cylindrical, 34–50 μm long and 2.5–4.5 μm wide. Ascospores are septate, pale brown, ellipsoidal, 6.0–10.5 μm long and 2.0–3.0 μm wide.

## Habitat

Chaenothecopsis jordaniana is found only in Minnesota. Most commonly located on the bark of the Eastern White Cedar in narrow ridges. The majority of trees it is found on have weathered white and grayish bark. Apothecia are found where grayish bark transitions to a brown hue, similar to younger tree bark.

## Etymology

Chaenothecopsis jordaniana is named after Dr. Peter Albion Jordan (1930–2017).
# A Tauri

The Bayer designation A Tauri (A Tau) is shared by two stars in the constellation Taurus:
* A$^1$ Tauri (37 Tauri)
* A$^2$ Tauri (39 Tauri)
# A Tale of Two Cities (1935 play)

A Tale of Two Cities is a 1935 play by Terence Rattigan and John Gielgud, adapting the novel of the same name by Charles Dickens. It was intended to premiere in 1935, but Gielgud (who had also planned to play Sydney Carton) cancelled the production to avoid competing with another actor's adaptation of the same work. It was put on once at a school and adapted for radio in 1950, but its professional stage premiere was from September 25 until October 19, 2013 at the King's Head Theatre.
# Pyrgotoides paradoxus

Pyrgotoides paradoxus is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Pyrgotoides of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Bolivia.
# 1991 Hokkaido gubernatorial election

A gubernatorial election was held on 7 April 1991 to elect the Governor of Hokkaido Prefecture.

## Candidates

* Takahiro Yokomichi - incumbent governor of Hokkaido, age 50.
* Shizuo Satō - member of the House of Representatives, age 49.
* Toshio Saitō (斎藤敏夫, Saitō Toshio), age 62.
* Toshio Tsuzuki [ja] - agricultural economist, age 60.

## Results

1991 Hokkaido gubernatorial election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| Independent | Takahiro Yokomichi * | 2,054,453 |
| Independent | Shizuo Satō | 744,236 |
| Independent | Toshio Saitō | 131,143 |
| Independent | Toshio Tsuzuki | 12,715 |
# Chak Jamal

33°01′14″N 73°41′04″E﻿ / ﻿33.02056°N 73.68444°E﻿ / 33.02056; 73.68444
Chak Jamal is a village and union council of Jhelum District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Jhelum Tehsil. Its population is about 17171.
# Chacala River

The Chacala River (Cihuatlán River, Marabasco River) is a river of Mexico. It originates in the Sierra de Manantlán, and flows southwestwards to empty into the Pacific Ocean, forming the border between the states of Jalisco to the northwest and Colima to the southeast.
# Chacalluta International Airport

Chacalluta International Airport (Aeródromo de Chacalluta Arica) (IATA: ARI, ICAO: SCAR) is an airport serving the city of Arica, capital of the Arica Province in the northern Arica y Parinacota Region of Chile. It is 18.5 kilometres (11.5 mi) northwest of the city and 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of the border with Peru, adjacent to the village of Villa Frontera.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| JetSmart Chile | Concepcion, Iquique, La Serena, Santiago de Chile |
| LATAM Chile | Santiago de Chile |
| Sky Airline | Santiago de Chile |
# Półgrosz

Półgrosz (półgroszek, lit. half-grosz) was a silver and later copper coin worth ½ of grosz and 9 denars, minted in Poland, Lithuania and Silesia. Polish silver półgrosz weighing 1-1,7g was minted mainly from c.1367 to 1526 and occasionally from 1580 to 1792, from 1765 coin was minted in copper. Lithuanian silver półgrosz weighing c.1,3g was minted in 1495–1566.
# Ab initio methods (nuclear physics)

In nuclear physics, ab initio methods seek to describe the atomic nucleus from the bottom up by solving the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation for all constituent nucleons and the forces between them. This is done either exactly for very light nuclei (up to four nucleons) or by employing certain well-controlled approximations for heavier nuclei. Ab initio methods constitute a more fundamental approach compared to e.g. the nuclear shell model. Recent progress has enabled ab initio treatment of heavier nuclei such as nickel.
A significant challenge in the ab initio treatment stems from the complexities of the inter-nucleon interaction. The strong nuclear force is believed to emerge from the strong interaction described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), but QCD is non-perturbative in the low-energy regime relevant to nuclear physics. This makes the direct use of QCD for the description of the inter-nucleon interactions very difficult (see lattice QCD), and a model must be used instead. The most sophisticated models available are based on chiral effective field theory. This effective field theory (EFT) includes all interactions compatible with the symmetries of QCD, ordered by the size of their contributions. The degrees of freedom in this theory are nucleons and pions, as opposed to quarks and gluons as in QCD. The effective theory contains parameters called low-energy constants, which can be determined from scattering data.
Chiral EFT implies the existence of many-body forces, most notably the three-nucleon interaction which is known to be an essential ingredient in the nuclear many-body problem.
After arriving at a Hamiltonian $H$ (based on chiral EFT or other models) one must solve the Schrödinger equation $H\vert {\Psi }\rangle =E\vert {\Psi }\rangle ,$ where $\vert {\Psi }\rangle$ is the many-body wavefunction of the A nucleons in the nucleus. Various ab initio methods have been devised to numerically find solutions to this equation:
* Green's function Monte Carlo (GFMC)
* No-core shell model (NCSM)
* Coupled cluster (CC)
* Self-consistent Green's function (SCGF)
* In-medium similarity renormalization group (IM-SRG)
# Cercospora coryli

Cercospora coryli is a fungal plant pathogen.
# Pârâul Morii (Ier)

The Pârâul Morii is a right tributary of the river Ier in Romania. It flows into the Ier near Piru Nou. Its length is 14 km (8.7 mi) and its basin size is 38 km$^2$ (15 sq mi).
# Pârâul Pietros

Pârâul Pietros may refer to:
* Pârâul Pietros, a tributary of the Brădești in Harghita County
* Pârâul Pietros, a tributary of the Vâlcele in Covasna County
* Pârâul Pietros (Vișeu), a tributary of the Vișeu in Maramureș County
# Pârâul Nou

The Pârâul Nou (also: Șomartin) is a right tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It discharges into the Olt in Nou Român. Its length is 27 km (17 mi) and its basin size is 244 km$^2$ (94 sq mi).
# Pásiga

Pásiga is a corregimiento in Chimán District, Panamá Province, Panama with a population of 439 as of 2010. It was created by Law 5 of January 19, 1998. Its population as of 2000 was 441.
# CEERS-2112

CEERS-2112 is the most distant barred spiral galaxy observed as of 2023. The light observed from the galaxy was emitted when the universe was only 2.1 billion years old. It was determined to be similar in mass to the Milky Way.

## Observations

The galaxy is located in the Extended Groth Strip cosmological field and it was identified as a barred spiral galaxy thanks to the observations of the NIRCam instrument onboard the James Webb Space Telescope. These observations were made in June 2022 as part of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey and are publicly available for the general community.

## Morphology

CEERS-2112 is a barred spiral galaxy, resembling the structure of the Milky Way. It presents a concentration of stars moving on very elliptical orbits in its central region, which appears as an elongated structure (stellar bar), from which two faint spiral arms develop. In the local Universe, about 70% of galaxies show this appearance, which is quite rare in the early Universe, where the percentage diminishes to about 5% at redshift z > 2.

## Stellar mass

The galaxy has a stellar mass of 3.9 billion times that of the Sun, comparable with that of the Milky Way 11.7 billion years ago.
# 1910 Marquette Blue and Gold football team

The 1910 Marquette Blue and Gold football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1910 college football season. LEd by third-year head coach William Juneau, Marquette compiled a 6–1–2 record and outscored its opponents 267 to 11. Marquette's sole loss was a 3–2 decision against Michigan Agricultural, which finished the season 6–1.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 8 | Monmouth (IL) | Milwaukee, WI | W 32–0 | |
| October 15 | at Denver | Denver, CO | T 0–0 | |
| October 19 | at St. Mary's (KS) | St. Marys, KS | W 15–0 | |
| October 22 | at Creighton | Omaha, NE | W 18–3 | |
| October 29 | St. John's Northwestern Military Academy | Milwaukee, WI | W 92–0 | |
| November 5 | Michigan Agricultural | Milwaukee, WI | L 2–3 | 2,000 |
| November 12 | at Loyola (IL) | Artesian ParkChicago, IL | W 60–0 | |
| November 19 | Mount St. Charles | Milwaukee, WI | W 42–0 | |
| November 24 | Notre Dame | Milwaukee, WI | T 5–5 | |
# 1831 in Germany

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1831 in Germany

## Incumbents

* Kingdom of Prussia
** Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)
* Kingdom of Bavaria
** Monarch - Ludwig I (1825–1848)
* Kingdom of Saxony
** Anthony (5 May 1827 – 6 June 1836)
* Kingdom of Hanover
** William IV (26 June 1830 to 1837)
* Kingdom of Württemberg
** William (1816–1864)

## Events

* 2 May - The Polytechnic Institute, today's Leibniz University Hanover established. Founded on 2 May 1831, it is one of the largest and oldest science and technology universities in Germany.

## Births

* 7 January – Heinrich von Stephan, German postal union organizer (d. 1897)
* 26 January – Heinrich Anton de Bary, German botanist, mycologist (d. 1888)
* 24 February – Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1899)
* 8 September – Wilhelm Raabe, German novelist (d. 1910)
* 18 September – Siegfried Marcus, German-born automobile pioneer (d. 1898)
* 6 October – Richard Dedekind, German mathematician (d. 1916)
* 18 October – Frederick III, German Emperor (d. 1888)

## Deaths

* 21 January – Ludwig Achim von Arnim, German poet (b. 1781)
* 17 February – Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b. 1785)
* 25 February – Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, German dramatist and novelist, originator of Sturm und Drang (born 1752)
* 5 August – Sébastien Érard, German-born French instrument maker (b. 1752)
* 24 August – August von Gneisenau, Prussian field marshal (b. 1760)
* 28 September – Philippine Engelhard, German writer, scholar (b. 1756)
* 14 November – Georg Hegel, German philosopher (b. 1770)
* 16 November – Carl von Clausewitz, German military strategist (b. 1780)
# Carrizozo Creek

Carrizozo Creek is a watercourse in the northeast corner of New Mexico, with a small portion extending into the northwestern Oklahoma Panhandle. The creek originates northwest of Clayton Lake State Park and northeast of Grenville, New Mexico about halfway to the Colorado border, being just north of Corrumpa Creek and just west of New Mexico State Road 370. It meanders generally east-northeast into Oklahoma, loops northwest heading back into New Mexico, and then turns generally east flowing into Oklahoma again. Where Carrizozo Creek and the Dry Cimarron River come together in Cimarron County, Oklahoma west of Kenton, the Cimarron River is formed.
Despite the name, this creek is nowhere near the town of Carrizozo, New Mexico, which is hundreds of miles to the southwest. Nor should it be confused with New Mexico’s Carrizo Creek, which is dozens of miles south of it. Carrizozo Creek should also not be confused with North Carrizo Creek or South Carrizo Creek, each of which separately join the Cimarron River in Oklahoma, but further to the east.
The creek passes through several named canyons in New Mexico, including Road Canyon, Dry Canyon, Black Canyon and Carl Canyon.
# Qatar National Research and Education Network

Qatar National Research and Education Network (QNREN) was initiated in 2013 in Qatar under the auspices of the Supreme Council of Information and Communication Technology (now part of the Ministry of Transport and Communications). QNREN is currently operated and managed by Qatar University.
# Carbonel: The King of the Cats

Carbonel: the King of the Cats is a children's book by Barbara Sleigh published in 1955 by Max Parrish in England and Bobbs-Merrill in the US. It is based on a folk tale from the British Isles "The King of the Cats" has two sequels, The Kingdom of Carbonel (Puffin, 1961) and Carbonel and Calidor: Being the Further Adventures of a Royal Cat (Kestrel Books, 1978), making up the Carbonel series. The first edition of Carbonel was illustrated by V. H. Drummond, and of Kingdom by D. M. Leonard.

## Plot summary

A girl named Rosemary buys a broom and a cat from Mrs Cantrip, an untidy woman in the market place. When to Rosemary's surprise the cat starts talking to her, she learns that the woman is a witch, selling her possessions to start a new career.
Moreover, the cat, Carbonel, just happens to be King of the Cats, presumed missing by his subjects since the witch abducted him. Unfortunately, he cannot return to his throne until the enslavement spell Mrs Cantrip cast on him is undone. Rosemary, together with a new friend John, have to learn a little witchcraft themselves before tracking down Mrs Cantrip to obtain her at best ambivalent help.

## Main characters

* Rosemary Brown – who buys Carbonel
* Carbonel – the cat protagonist
* Rosemary's mother – a poor widow and seamstress
* Mrs Cantrip – kidnapper of Carbonel and a (semi-retired) witch
* John – Rosemary's friend, and the nephew of Mrs Brown's employer

## Release details

* 1955, UK, Max Parrish ISBN ?, publication date 1955, paperback (first edition)
* 1957, UK, Atheneum ISBN 0-672-50241-0, publication date January 1957, hardback
* 1970, UK, Puffin Books ISBN 0-14-030155-0, publication date 29 January 1970, paperback
* 1975, UK, Viking Children's Books ISBN 0-7226-6475-3, publication date 31 December 1975, hardback
* 2004, US, New York Review of Books ISBN 1-59017-126-8, publication date Nov 2004, hardback
* 2005, UK, Puffin Books ISBN 0-14-131973-9, publication date 25 August 2005
Carbonel (the first book) is currently (as of 2005) in print in hardback in the US as part of the New York Review Children's Collection. The UK paperback was reprinted in August 2005 by Puffin.
# Christopher Floyd (disambiguation)

Christopher Floyd is an English barrister and judge.
Christopher or Chris Floyd may also refer to:
* Chris Floyd (born 1975), American football player
* Chris Floyd (photographer), British photographer
* Christopher Floyd, character in 2010
* Chris Floyd, character in 2061: Odyssey Three
# 2018–19 CA Osasuna season

During the 2018–19 season, CA Osasuna participated in the Segunda División and the Copa del Rey.

## Current squad

    As of 27 March 2019
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | ESP | Sergio Herrera |
| 2 | DF | ESP | Nacho Vidal |
| 5 | DF | ESP | David García |
| 6 | DF | ESP | Oier (Captain) |
| 8 | MF | ESP | Fran Mérida |
| 9 | FW | ESP | Xisco |
| 10 | MF | ESP | Roberto Torres (2nd captain) |
| 11 | DF | ESP | Carlos Clerc |
| 13 | GK | ESP | Rubén Martínez |
| 14 | FW | ESP | Rubén García |
| 15 | DF | ESP | Unai García |
| 16 | DF | ESP | Lillo Castellano |
| 17 | FW | ESP | Brandon |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 18 | FW | ESP | Juan Villar |
| 19 | FW | ESP | Kike Barja |
| 20 | MF | ESP | Robert Ibáñez (on loan from Getafe) |
| 21 | MF | ESP | Iñigo Pérez |
| 23 | DF | ESP | Aridane |
| 26 | GK | ESP | Juan Pérez |
| 27 | MF | ESP | Miguel Olavide |
| 28 | MF | ESP | Luis Perea |
| 29 | DF | ESP | Endika Irigoien |
| 30 | MF | ESP | Javi Martínez |
| 31 | GK | ESP | Iván Martínez |
| 32 | DF | ESP | Jorge Herrando |

## Competitions
### Overall

| Competition | Final position |
| Segunda División | 1st |
| Copa del Rey | Second round |

### Segunda División
#### League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Osasuna (C, P) | 42 | 26 | 9 | 7 | 59 | 35 | +24 | 87 | Promotion to La Liga |
| 2 | Granada (P) | 42 | 22 | 13 | 7 | 52 | 28 | +24 | 79 | Promotion to La Liga |
| 3 | Málaga | 42 | 21 | 11 | 10 | 51 | 31 | +20 | 74 | Qualification to promotion play-offs |
| 4 | Albacete | 42 | 19 | 14 | 9 | 54 | 38 | +16 | 71 | Qualification to promotion play-offs |
| 5 | Mallorca (O, P) | 42 | 19 | 12 | 11 | 53 | 37 | +16 | 69 | Qualification to promotion play-offs |
# Freestyle skiing at the 2017 Asian Winter Games – Women's moguls

The women's moguls at the 2017 Asian Winter Games was held on 26 February 2017 at Bankei Ski Area in Sapporo, Japan.

## Schedule

All times are Japan Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Sunday, 26 February 2017 | 09:55 | Qualification |
| Sunday, 26 February 2017 | 12:50 | Final 1 |
| Sunday, 26 February 2017 | 13:25 | Final 2 |

## Results
### Qualification

| Rank | Athlete | Score |
| 1 | Yuliya Galysheva (KAZ) | 75.66 |
| 2 | Sophie Ash (AUS) | 74.70 |
| 3 | Miki Ito (JPN) | 74.61 |
| 4 | Jakara Anthony (AUS) | 74.24 |
| 5 | Arisa Murata (JPN) | 71.57 |
| 6 | Kisara Sumiyoshi (JPN) | 71.48 |
| 7 | Seo Jung-hwa (KOR) | 69.19 |
| 8 | Hinako Tomitaka (JPN) | 66.48 |
| 9 | Seo Jee-won (KOR) | 64.70 |
| 10 | Gao Dongxue (CHN) | 43.63 |
| 11 | Ma Zhuoni (CHN) | 33.45 |
| 12 | Shao Huijun (CHN) | 7.24 |

### Final 1

| Rank | Athlete | Score |
| 1 | Yuliya Galysheva (KAZ) | 79.75 |
| 2 | Arisa Murata (JPN) | 79.16 |
| 3 | Miki Ito (JPN) | 78.94 |
| 4 | Jakara Anthony (AUS) | 77.52 |
| 5 | Sophie Ash (AUS) | 75.86 |
| 6 | Kisara Sumiyoshi (JPN) | 75.35 |
| 7 | Seo Jung-hwa (KOR) | 73.00 |
| 8 | Hinako Tomitaka (JPN) | 70.87 |
| 9 | Seo Jee-won (KOR) | 66.23 |
| 10 | Gao Dongxue (CHN) | 16.90 |

### Final 2

| Rank | Athlete | Score |
| | Arisa Murata (JPN) | 79.37 |
| | Yuliya Galysheva (KAZ) | 79.02 |
| | Miki Ito (JPN) | 75.52 |
| 4 | Kisara Sumiyoshi (JPN) | 74.60 |
| 5 | Sophie Ash (AUS) | 69.20 |
| 6 | Jakara Anthony (AUS) | 68.29 |