OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1658 in England

Events from the year 1658 in England.

## Incumbents

* Lord Protector – Oliver Cromwell (until 3 September), Richard Cromwell (starting 3 September)

## Events

* 4 February – Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Second Protectorate Parliament.
* April – first stage coach services advertised: 4-day trips from London to Exeter, York and Chester.
* 14 June – Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660): Battle of the Dunes – a French and English army defeats the Spanish in the Spanish Netherlands.
* 25–27 June – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Rio Nuevo – a Spanish invasion force fails to recapture Jamaica from the English.
* 30 August – hurricane storms in southern England, the worst for centuries.
* 3 September – Oliver Cromwell dies in Whitehall (probably of sepsis) aged 59 on the anniversary of his great military victories at Dunbar and Worcester, and his 3rd son Richard is appointed to his father's position as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.
* October
** Savoy Declaration, A Declaration of the Faith and Order owned and practised in the Congregational Churches in England, is drawn up by Independents and Congregationalists meeting at the Savoy Hospital, London.
** First domestic pendulum clocks advertised for sale in England, by Ahasuerus Fromanteel of London.
* 23 November – The elaborate funeral ceremony of the former Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell (who had died on 3 September and was buried in Westminster Abbey two weeks later), is carried out in London. A little more than two years later (in January 1661), his body will be disinterred, subjected to a posthumous execution and his head placed on a spike.
* Undated – Tea first arrives in England, exported from China via Holland.

## Publications

* Thomas Browne – Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus
* The Whole Duty of Man

## Births

* 5 May (bapt.) – Thomas Bray, clergyman (died 1730)
* 3 July – Hester Pinney, businesswoman (died 1740)
* 16 August – Ralph Thoresby, historian (died 1724)
* 16 September – John Dennis, dramatist and critic (died 1734)
* 5 October – Mary of Modena, queen of King James II (died 1718)
* 10 December – Lancelot Blackburne, clergyman (died 1743)
* approximate date
** Elizabeth Barry, actress (died 1713)
** Theodore Janssen, Member of Parliament and financier (died 1748)
** Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, military leader (died 1735)

## Deaths

* 7 January – Theophilus Eaton, colonial leader (born 1590)
* 13 January – Edward Sexby, Puritan soldier, plotter against Cromwell (born 1616)
* 19 April – Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, Admiral (born 1587)
* 29 April – John Cleveland, poet (born 1613)
* 2 August (bur.) – Humphrey Edwards, regicide of Charles I (born 1582)
* 6 August – Elizabeth Claypole, daughter of Oliver Cromwell (born 1629)
* 10 August – George Harding, 8th Baron Berkeley, noble (born 1601)
* 3 September – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector (born 1599)
* September – Lucy Walter, royal mistress, in France (born c.1630 in Wales)
* Sir John Fenwick, 1st Baronet, Royalist (born c. 1570)
* Robert Walker, portrait painter (born 1599)
# Castel San Niccolò

Castel San Niccolò is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Arezzo and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Florence. Its main center is the village of Strada in Casentino, overlooked by the Castle of the Counts Guidi, from which the name of the municipality itself derives.
Castel San Niccolò borders the following municipalities: Castelfranco Piandiscò, Loro Ciuffenna, Montemignaio, Ortignano Raggiolo, Poppi, Pratovecchio Stia, Reggello.

## Sister cities

* Pégomas, France
# Cherryville, Pennsylvania

Cherryville is a census-designated place in Lehigh Township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its population was 1,618 as of the 2020 U.S. census.
The village is located approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Walnutport, 12.5 miles (20.1 km) north of Allentown and 5.5 miles (8.9 km) northwest of Northampton. It is situated along Pennsylvania Route 248, between the villages of Indianland and Pennsville. The ZIP Code is 18035.
It is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

## History

The village was founded around 1804, making it one of the township's earliest settlements. The name Cherryville is believed to have been taken from a road called Cherry Row Lane which was bordered by 100 cherry trees. A post office was established here in 1816. By the 1870s, the village included 25 houses, two carriage shops, two blacksmith shops, a wheel shop, a tailor, and four stores.

## Notable people

* Samuel Henry Kress, founder of S. H. Kress & Co. and art collector
# Cherryville, New Jersey

Cherryville is an unincorporated community located within Franklin Township, in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

## History

A tavern was built in Cherryville in 1736.
Around 1830, a stone schoolhouse was erected. It was replaced by a wood-frame school in 1860.
A Baptist church was founded in Cherryville in 1849.
By 1882, Cherryville had a post office, and was described as being in "a superior farming district". It had a population of 65.
# Raniwal (Rajasthan)

Raniwal is a village in the Jaitaran tehsil of Beawar district in Rajasthan. It belongs to the Garniya gram panchayat. The village is 4 km away from the Jaipur-Jodhpur National Highway (NH 25). Village has a higher secondary government school, a large pond, a fort, temples and other cultural haritage. There is also a Mahadev Mandir in Raniwal, which is famous among the nearby villages. Most of the villagers are engaged in farming. The village has a diverse population of different castes, such as Kumhar, Nai, Jaat and Rajput.

## Nearby villages

Some of the nearby villages include: Lototi, Prithvipura and Garniya.

## Government schools and hospitals

The village has one government school, which is located near the pond. There is no government hospital in the village.

## Crops

The main crops grown in the village are moong, millet, cumin and mustard.
# Carpocoris mediterraneus

Carpocoris mediterraneus, the red shield bug, is a species of shield bug in the family Pentatomidae.

## Subspecies

* Carpocoris mediterraneus atlanticus Tamanini, 1958
* Carpocoris mediterraneus mediterraneus Tamanini, 1958

## Distribution

This species is widespread throughout the Mediterranean region (Corsica, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Sardinia, Sicily).

## Description

Carpocoris mediterraneus can reach a length of 11–13 millimetres (0.43–0.51 in). The body is shield-like in shape and the elytrae are very thick. The body surface is bright yellow or orange, with four short longitudinal black stripes on the pronotum and five dark spots on the scutellum. The antennae have 5 segments. Legs are yellowish or orange.
This species is similar and can be confused with Carpocoris pudicus, Carpocoris purpureipennis or Carpocoris fuscispinus.
In Carpocoris mediterraneus atlanticus the humeral angles of pronotum are sharp and protruding, the base of scutellum and connexivum are frequently with contrasting black spots and the apex of the scutellum is exceptionally truncated.

## Biology

These bugs are polyphagous vegetarian. Adults can be found on several flowering plants, especially on parsley (Petroselinum crispum).
# 2006–07 Cymru Alliance

The 2006–07 Cymru Alliance was the seventeenth season of the Cymru Alliance after its establishment in 1990. The league was won by Llangefni Town.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion |
| 1 | Llangefni Town (C) | 34 | 21 | 9 | 4 | 68 | 33 | +35 | 72 | Promotion to Welsh Premier League |
| 2 | Bala Town | 34 | 21 | 7 | 6 | 80 | 31 | +49 | 70 | |
| 3 | Flint Town United | 34 | 20 | 7 | 7 | 70 | 36 | +34 | 67 | |
| 4 | Prestatyn Town | 34 | 20 | 4 | 10 | 98 | 46 | +52 | 64 | |
| 5 | Glantraeth | 34 | 17 | 6 | 11 | 83 | 69 | +14 | 57 | |
| 6 | Llanfairpwll | 34 | 17 | 6 | 11 | 69 | 59 | +10 | 57 | |
| 7 | Holyhead Hotspur | 34 | 16 | 5 | 13 | 63 | 51 | +12 | 53 | |
| 8 | Mynydd Isa | 34 | 15 | 8 | 11 | 57 | 45 | +12 | 53 | |
| 9 | Buckley Town | 34 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 57 | 53 | +4 | 52 | |
| 10 | Llandudno | 34 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 67 | 59 | +8 | 48 | |
| 11 | Guilsfield | 34 | 14 | 5 | 15 | 58 | 64 | −6 | 47 | |
| 12 | Gresford Athletic | 34 | 12 | 3 | 19 | 50 | 64 | −14 | 39 | |
| 13 | Penrhyncoch | 34 | 10 | 8 | 16 | 70 | 75 | −5 | 38 | |
| 14 | Bodedern | 34 | 11 | 5 | 18 | 49 | 62 | −13 | 38 | |
| 15 | Llandyrnog United | 34 | 9 | 9 | 16 | 58 | 77 | −19 | 36 | |
| 16 | Ruthin Town | 34 | 8 | 5 | 21 | 41 | 71 | −30 | 29 | |
| 17 | Lex XI | 34 | 7 | 7 | 20 | 49 | 96 | −47 | 28 | |
| 18 | Queens Park | 34 | 3 | 4 | 27 | 40 | 134 | −94 | 10 | |
* ↑ Queens Park deducted 3 points
# 12th Regiment

The 12th Regiment may refer to many military units.
* 12th Infantry Regiment (South Korea)
* 12th Regiment Royal Artillery
* 12th Infantry Regiment (Philippine Commonwealth)
* 12th Infantry Regiment (USAFIP-NL)
* 12th Infantry Regiment (United States)
* 12th Cavalry Regiment (United States)
* 12th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry (American Civil War)
* 12th Armoured Regiment (Australia)
* 12th Armoured Regiment (India)
* 12th MNLA Regiment (Malayan National Liberation Army)
# 1582 in Ireland

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1582 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Monarch: Elizabeth I

## Events

* April – after three years of scorched earth warfare, the provost marshal of Munster, Sir Warham St Leger, estimates that 30,000 people died of famine in his province during the previous six months and hundreds are dying in Cork.
* July – Lord Grey, Lord Deputy of Ireland, is recalled to England. Sir Henry Wallop and Adam Loftus, Archbishop of Dublin, are appointed lords justices responsible for the government of Ireland to succeed him.
* September – Fiach McHugh O'Byrne surrenders, ending the Second Desmond Rebellion in Leinster.
* Ulick Burke secures succession to his father as 3rd Earl of Clanricarde by murdering his brother, John of the Shamrocks, and affirming his loyalty to Queen Elizabeth I of England.

## Births

* approx. date – Ambrose Ussher, Church of Ireland clergyman and Biblical scholar (d. 1629)

## Deaths

* 13 April – Nicholas Nugent, former Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas (b. c. 1525) (hanged for treason).
* 24 July – Richard Burke, 2nd Earl of Clanricarde, peer.
* John of Desmond, rebel noble (killed in skirmish).
* Maoilin Mac Bruideadha, poet.

## Arts and literature

* March – traditional melody Cailín Óg a Stór first on record.
* Annal Memoranda Gadelica begins.
# Casas Altas

Casas Altas is a municipality in the comarca of Rincón de Ademuz in the Valencian Community, Spain.
# Chickpea bushy dwarf virus

Chickpea bushy dwarf virus (CpBDV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. It was isolated and characterized from a chickpea in 1989 by a group of Indian researchers. Their researched indicated that the virus was sap-transmissible to 14 species of Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae and Malvaceae.
# Randiha

Randiha (also spelled Rondia) is a village in Galsi I CD block in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Weir

In 1932, the Anderson weir was constructed at Randiha. As a result, irrigation facility has been available in the lower Damodar basin before the advent of dams by means of the diversion weir on the Damodar and Eden canal to the extent of 890 square kilometres in the districts of Burdwan and Hooghly. Detailed examination of flow data as available at Randiha, revealed that maximum flow of 650,000 cu ft/s (18,000 m$^3$/s) had occurred twice in August 1913 and August 1935 before the implementation of Damodar Valley Scheme.
It is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Panagarh on NH 19 and about 19 kilometres (12 mi) downstream of Durgapur Barrage.

## Picnic spot

It is a picnic spot.

## Eden Canal

The Eden Canal was built in 1904 (or earlier) from Kanchannagar to Jamalpur and was linked to the Damodar canals carrying water from Randiha weir in the thirties. It provides irrigation to 10,000 hectares of land in Barddhaman district.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India Randiha had a total population of 1,953, of which 1,014 (52%) were males and 938 (47%) were females. Population below 6 years was 191. The total number of literates in Randiha was 1,274 (72.30% of the population over 6 years).
# Castraz

Castraz is a municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 67 kilometres (42 mi) from the city of Salamanca and as of 2018 has a population of only 42 people. The municipality covers an area of 30 km$^2$ (12 sq mi) and lies 760 metres (2,490 ft) above sea level.
# Catalyst Infoshop

The Catalyst Infoshop was an infoshop and bookshop at 109 N. McCormick Street, Prescott, Arizona, founded in 2004. It had closed by 2010.

## Foundation

Catalyst Infoshop was founded in an old railroad cabin in Prescott, Arizona in 2004, by Katie Rose Nelson and William C. Rodgers. The space was used for a reading group, a philosophy salon, a knitting circle, a high school girl club, a free school and an all ages venue. It was fostered by Prescott College. By 2010, the infoshop had closed down.

## Raid

On December 7, 2005, Catalyst Infoshop was raided by federal agents working on information provided by Jacob Ferguson. Rodgers and Nelson were both arrested. The raid was part of Operation Backfire investigating an eco-terrorist unit within the Earth Liberation Front that caused upwards of $20 million in damage across numerous states. Rodgers was charged by Federal Bureau of Investigation with masterminding the arson that destroyed the Two Elk Lodge in Vail, Colorado in 1998.
Rodgers committed suicide by self-asphyxiation, in jail, two weeks after his arrest and before standing trial.
# Cassella (disambiguation)

Cassella may refer to:
* Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur Aktiengesellschaft, a German chemicals company founded by Leopold Cassela
* Cassella, Ohio, an unincorporated community in Marion Township, Mercer County, United States
* Maggie Cassella, a former lawyer, stand-up comedian, writer and American-Canadian actress
# Children's Commissioner Act 2003

The Children's Commissioner Act 2003 (Public Act no 121 2003) is an Act of the New Zealand Parliament. It reformed the office of the Children's Commissioner as the Office of the Children's Commissioner (OCC) and implemented the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is attached as Schedule 2 of the Act. In August 2022, the Children's Commissioner Act was repealed by the Children and Young People's Commission Act 2022, which established the Children and Young People's Commission.

## Key provisions

The Children's Commissioner Act 2003 repealed Part 9 of the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989 (then known as the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989), which had hitherto established the functions and responsibilities of the former "Commissioner for Children." The Children's Commissioner Act created the Office of the Children's Commissioner, which assumed the functions and responsibilities of the Commissioner for Children. The legislation also establishes the OCC as a Crown entity under the provisions of the Crown Entities Act 2004.
Other key provisions include:
* Empowering the New Zealand Prime Minister to recommend the appointment of the Children's Commissioner.
* Empowering the Children's Commissioner to investigate decisions, recommendations, policies, and practices relating to the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989.
* Empowering the Commissioner to develop a means of consulting with children.
* Investigating any decisions made/omitted in respect to any child or young person in their personal capacity.
* Promoting the establishment of an effective complaints mechanism for monitoring purposes.
* Advocating for children's interests, rights, and welfare.
* Raising awareness of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCROC) and ensure that government agencies apply its provisions.
* Undertaking and promoting research on child welfare issues.
* Inviting or receiving public representations on children's welfare.
* Promoting the participation of children in decisions which affect their lives.
* Reporting to the Prime Minister on matters relating to children's rights.
* Investigating and reporting on any law, practice or procedure relating to children's welfare.
* Commissioners may not investigate courts and tribunals.

## History

The Children's Commissioner Act was repealed by the Children and Young People's Commission Act 2022, which received royal assent on 29 August 2022. The new legislation replaced the Office of the Children's Commissioner with the Children and Young People's Commission.
# Castropodame

Castropodame (Spanish pronunciation:) is a village and municipality located in the region of El Bierzo (province of León, Castile and León, Spain) . According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,812 inhabitants.
# Rangpur Riders Cricket Arena

Rangpur Riders Cricket Arena is a cricket stadium in the Bashundhara Sports Complex, which is the home venue of Rangpur Riders. Bashundhara Sports Complex is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh which is considered as one of the largest sports complex in Bangladesh. It has been designed by Architect Mohammad Foyez Ullah of Volumezero Limited. The stadium was opened to the public on 4 January 2023. It has a seating capacity of 18,000.

## History

The Rangpur Riders have played a practice game against Khulna Tigers on 4 January 2023 at its home venue. Rangpur Riders is the first cricket club in Bangladesh whom have home venue in Bangladesh Premier League (T20). The club hint that they will be host their home matches at their own ground in future.
# Katherine Woodfine

Katherine Woodfine (born 1983) is a British children's author, known for The Sinclair's Mysteries series beginning with The Mystery of the Clockwork Sparrow.

## Biography

Katherine Woodfine was born in Lancashire in 1983. She studied English at Bristol University and in 2005 she was highly commended in Vogue magazine’s annual Talent Competition for young writers. Woodfine lives in London.
Woodfine's first job was working in Waterstones bookshop in Lancaster. She later managed a bookshop and gallery at Cornerhouse, Manchester’s international centre for visual arts and film, and worked for Arts Council England’s North West office, specialising in literature.
She spent six years working for Booktrust where she project-managed the Children's Laureateship and worked on other children's book prizes and initiatives, including YALC, the UK’s first Young Adult Literature Convention, curated by Malorie Blackman.
She now combines writing with other children's book projects, including the radio show and podcast Down the Rabbit Hole for Resonance FM, discussing children’s literature.
Woodfine writes a blog, Follow the Yellow.
She has contributed to Mystery & Mayhem by Egmont Books, published in May 2016 along with 11 other authors including Clementine Beauvais, Elen Caldecott, Susie Day, Julia Golding, Frances Hardinge, Caroline Lawrence, Helen Moss, Sally Nicholls, Kate Pankhurst, Robin Stevens and Harriet Whitehorn.
She has also contributed to Winter Magic curated by Abi Elphinstone, published in November 2016.

## Novels

* The Mystery of the Clockwork Sparrow. Egmont Books Ltd. 2015. ISBN 9781405276177.
* The Mystery of the Jewelled Moth. Egmont Books Ltd. 2016. ISBN 9781405276184.
* The Mystery of the Painted Dragon. Egmont Books Ltd. 2017. ISBN 9781405282895.
* The Midnight Peacock
Peril in Paris. Egmont Books
Spies in St Petersburg. Egmont Books
Villains in Venice. Egmont Books
Nightfall in New York. Farshore
# Gelrebia merxmuellerana

Gelrebia merxmuellerana is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Namibia.
# Cyril G. Hopkins

Cyril George Hopkins (July 22, 1866 – October 6, 1919) was an American agricultural chemist who initiated the Illinois long-term selection experiment in 1896. He was also noted for his extensive research and writings on the soil of Illinois.
Hopkins was born on July 22, 1866, on a farm near Chatfield, Minnesota. He graduated from South Dakota Agricultural College in Brookings, South Dakota in 1890. He received his master's degree in 1894 and his doctoral degree in 1898, both from Cornell University. In 1894, Hopkins became the chemist at the Agriculture Experiment Station at the University of Illinois, where he continued to work until his death from malaria in 1919. At the time of his death, he was the head of the Department of Agronomy at the University of Illinois. Hopkins Hall at the University of Illinois is named in his honor.
# Cyril G. Wates

Cyril G. Wates (18 July 1883 – 2 February 1946) was an author, mountain climber, and amateur astronomer who lived in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

## Biography

Wates was born in Brixton, England, graduated from Worcester Academy in 1902, and immigrated to Edmonton, Alberta, Canada in 1909 where he worked for the City of Edmonton Municipal Telephone System as an engineer. He joined the Alpine Club of Canada in 1916, and climbed more than fifty peaks. He was the first to ascend Mt. Geikie in the Canadian Rockies, named Mt. Minotaur located in British Columbia, south of Geikie Creek, and was responsible for the Alpine Club's book, Songs for Canadian Climbers. Wates served as president of the Club from 1938 to 1941 and oversaw the construction of a cabin in the Tonquin Valley in Jasper National Park in Alberta, that is now known as the Wates-Gibson Hut. He received a Fellowship in the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in 1939.
Wates was an accomplished amateur astronomer who served as president of Edmonton Centre of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. He also wrote for academic journals and magazines such as Scientific American and the RASC Journal, and was awarded the Chant Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada; "for outstanding amateur contribution to astronomy in Canada" in 1943. The year before, Wates had built a 12.5 in (320 mm) reflector telescope that he donated to the University of Alberta for their future observatory. The University now offers the Cyril G. Wates Memorial Prize and Scholarship for mathematics.
Wates' first story, "The Visitation", was published in 1927 in Amazing Stories as winner of the $500 Cover Prize Contest. Although his last published piece appeared in 1930, his letters appeared in the magazine until 1935.

## Short Stories and Novellas

* (1927) "The Visitation", Amazing Stories, June ISBN 978-1539561224
* (1929) "The Face of Isis", Amazing Stories, March
* (1929) "Gold Dust and Star Dust", Amazing Stories, September
* (1930) "A Modern Prometheus", Amazing Stories Quarterly, Fall
* (1930) Letter (Amazing Stories, February)
* (1934) Letter (Amazing Stories, January)
* (1935) Letter (Amazing Stories, August)

## Non-Fiction Works

* (1919) "The Alpine Club of Canada", Toronto World, September 9
* (1930) "The memorial cabin on Penstock Creek", Canadian Alpine Journal
* (1933) and E.R. Gibson, "The Eremite and beyond", Canadian Alpine Journal
* (1937) "Following the footsteps of the fur traders", Canadian Alpine Journal
* (1942) "Space, time and meaning", Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Volume 36, September
* (1944) "Adjusting the Polar Axis", Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol. 38, p. 154, April
* (1944) "Edmonton Observations of an Occultation of Jupiter", Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol. 38, p. 171, April