OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Radiodensity

Radiodensity (or radiopacity) is opacity to the radio wave and X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum: that is, the relative inability of those kinds of electromagnetic radiation to pass through a particular material. Radiolucency or hypodensity indicates greater passage (greater transradiancy) to X-ray photons and is the analogue of transparency and translucency with visible light. Materials that inhibit the passage of electromagnetic radiation are called radiodense or radiopaque, while those that allow radiation to pass more freely are referred to as radiolucent. Radiopaque volumes of material have white appearance on radiographs, compared with the relatively darker appearance of radiolucent volumes. For example, on typical radiographs, bones look white or light gray (radiopaque), whereas muscle and skin look black or dark gray, being mostly invisible (radiolucent).
Though the term radiodensity is more commonly used in the context of qualitative comparison, radiodensity can also be quantified according to the Hounsfield scale, a principle which is central to X-ray computed tomography (CT scan) applications. On the Hounsfield scale, distilled water has a value of 0 Hounsfield units (HU), while air is specified as -1000 HU.
In modern medicine, radiodense substances are those that will not allow X-rays or similar radiation to pass. Radiographic imaging has been revolutionized by radiodense contrast media, which can be passed through the bloodstream, the gastrointestinal tract, or into the cerebral spinal fluid and utilized to highlight CT scan or X-ray images. Radiopacity is one of the key considerations in the design of various devices such as guidewires or stents that are used during radiological intervention. The radiopacity of a given endovascular device is important since it allows the device to be tracked during the interventional procedure. The two main factors contributing to a material's radiopacity are density and atomic number. Two common radiodense elements used in medical imagery are barium and iodine.
Medical devices often contain a radiopacifier to enhance visualization during implantation for temporary implantation devices, such as catheters or guidewires, or for monitoring the position of permanently implanted medical devices, such as stents, hip and knee implants, and screws. Metal implants usually have sufficient radiocontrast that additional radiopacifier is not necessary. Polymer-based devices, however, usually incorporate materials with high electron density contrast compared to the surrounding tissue. Examples of radiocontrast materials include titanium, tungsten, barium sulfate, bismuth oxide and zirconium oxide. Some solutions involve direct binding of heavy elements, for instance iodine, to polymeric chains in order to obtain a more homogeneous material which has lower interface criticalities. When testing a new medical device for regulatory submission, device manufacturers will usually evaluate the radiocontrast according to ASTM F640 "Standard Test Methods for Determining Radiopacity for Medical Use."
# Caravel (disambiguation)

The caravel is a type of sailing ship.
Caravel may also refer to:
* Caravel (horse), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
* SV Independiente Caravel or simply Caravel, an Aruban football club
* Caravel, a starship transporting colonists in the video game Outriders
* "Caravel", a track on the 2021 album The Battle at Garden's Gate by American rock band Greta Van Fleet
# Capizzi (surname)

Capizzi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benedetto Capizzi (1944–2023), Italian mobster
* Bill Capizzi (1937–2007), American voice actor
* Duane Capizzi, American writer and television producer
* Jason Capizzi (born 1983), American football player
# Carcinarctia kivuensis

Carcinarctia kivuensis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by James John Joicey and George Talbot in 1924. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania and Zaire.
# Kassim Napa Adam

Kassim Napa Adam (born 25 May 1976) is a Ugandan boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Kaynar

Kaynar is a village in Talas Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kara-Buura District. Its population was 1,570 in 2021.
# Radiacmea intermedia

Radiacmea intermedia is a species of small sea snail or true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Lottiidae, one of the true limpet families.
# Kearsley (disambiguation)

Kearsley is a town in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England.
Kearsley may also refer to:
* Kearsley, New South Wales, in the City of Cessnock, Australia
* Kearsley, Northumberland, England, in Matfen parish
* Kearsley (surname)
* Kearsley Township, Michigan, a former civil township in Genesee County, Michigan, United States
# 2001–02 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team

The 2001–02 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 2001–02 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Members of the Big West Conference, the Vandals were led by first-year head coach Leonard Perry and played their home games on campus at Cowan Spectrum in Moscow, Idaho.
The Vandals were 9–18 overall in the regular season and 6–12 in conference play, eighth in the standings. They met league champion and top-seed Utah State in the first round of the conference tournament in Anaheim and lost by twenty points.

## Postseason result

| Date time, TV | Rank$^#$ | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site (attendance) city, state |
| Big West tournament ||||||
| Thu, March 7 2:30 pm | (8) | vs. (1) Utah State Quarterfinal | L 41–61 | 9–19 | Anaheim Convention Center (1,781) Anaheim, California |
| *Non-conference game. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Pacific time. ||||||
# Radio Parade

Radio Parade is a 1933 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Beville and Archie de Bear and featuring an ensemble cast including Florence Desmond, Claude Hulbert, Jeanne De Casalis and the comedy double act Clapham and Dwyer. A revue film, it was made by British International Pictures who had produced a similarly formatted film Elstree Calling in 1930. It contained many of the leading radio stars of the era. A further revue film Radio Parade of 1935 also followed.

## Cast

* Doris Arnold as Self - pianist
* Elsie Carlisle as Self
* Charles Clapham as Self
* Mabel Constanduros as Grandma Buggins
* Carlyle Cousins as Themselves
* Jeanne De Casalis as Mrs. Feather
* Florence Desmond as Self
* Bill Dwyer as Self
* Roy Fox as Roy Fox and his band
* Reginald Gardiner as Self
* Leonard Henry as Self
* Billie Houston as Self
* Renée Houston as Self
* Claude Hulbert as Self
* Mario 'Harp' Lorenzi as Self
* B.C. Hilliam as Self
* Malcolm 'Mr. Jetsam' McEachern as Self
* Tex McLeod as Self
* Gus McNaughton as Self
* Harry S. Pepper as Self - pianist
* Stanelli as Self
* Stainless Stephen as Self
* Christopher Stone as Self - disc jockey
* Doris Waters as Daisy
* Elsie Waters as Gert
* Keith Wilbur as Self
* Hal Gordon as Garage Mechanic
* Eric Pavitt as Boy
* Ernest Sefton as Nightclub Compere
# Careggine

Careggine is a town and comune in the province of Lucca, in northern Tuscany (Italy). It is the birthplace of Italian football player Marco Tardelli and of Adriano Tardelli, one of the heroes of the Italian resistance movement.
# Caregiver tax credit

The Caregiver Tax Credit (CTC) is a tax credit available in Canada to individuals who provide in-home support for a relative who is a dependent, is over 18 and resides with the supporting relative in his/her residence at some time in the year. It is found on line 315 of the Canadian federal tax return.
The dependent must be a child, grandchild, brother, sister, niece, nephew, aunt, uncle, parent or grandparent. The caregiver credit is not applicable unless at some time in the year the dependent resides with the person taking the credit. Families using a Henson trust, the Canada Disability Child Benefit other estate planning methods for children with disabilities are not excluded from the DTC .

## Benefits

As of 2012, the CTC was worth approximately $600 in annual tax saving. it could be retroactively filed for 10 years which can result in an overall tax savings of approximately $5,000. The CTC erodes dollar-for-dollar if the dependent's income exceeds $13,986 and becomes completely if it tops the $17,745 threshold. The tax payer cannot claim both the caregiver tax credit and the amount for an infirm dependent 18 or over.
# Charles Stansfield

Sir Charles Henry Renn Stansfield CB (8 February 1856 – 29 May 1926) was a British civil servant who was Private Secretary to the Admirals Sir Richard Vesey Hamilton, Sir Henry Fairfax, Sir Frederick Richards and Lord Walter Kerr.

## Career

Stansfield was born on 8 February 1856 and was the son of Henry Renn Stansfield. He entered the Civil Service and joined the Admiralty in 1876. He served as Private Secretary to the Admirals Sir Richard Vesey Hamilton and Sir Henry Fairfax, and the Admirals of the Fleet Sir Frederick Richards and Lord Walter Kerr.
Stansfield was the Director of Greenwich Hospital from 1903 to 1921. He was also a Member and Committee Member of the Seamen’s Hospital Society, a Committee Member of the Royal Naval Fund, and a Member of the Royal Patriotic Fund Corporation. Stansfield died on 29 May 1926 at the age of 70.

## Honours

Stansfield was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1911 Coronation Honours. Later, he was created a Knight Bachelor in the 1922 New Year Honours.

## Family

Stansfield married Agnes Helen Sargent, the daughter of James Sargent in 1881. They had three sons: Egerton C. H. Stansfeld (b.1885), Alfred Herbert Brydges Stansfield (b.1888) and Arthur R. G. Stansfeld (b.1890).
# Ralph Knowles

Ralph Knowles (born 1945 in Huntsville, Alabama, Died May 17, 2016 at his home in Atlanta, Georgia) was a class action attorney, best known for winning the Dow Corning breast implant case with damages of $4+ billion.
He earned a BA at the University of Alabama in 1966 and JD at the University of Alabama Law School in 1969. He worked as an attorney with the Atlanta law firm of Doffermyre Shields Canfield Knowles & Devine since 1991. Before this employment he was a longtime partner with Drake, Knowles & Pierce in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
Mr. Knowles served on the board of directors of Legal Momentum (formerly the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund). He also served on the national board of directors of the American Civil Liberties Union.

## Family

His brother Craig Knowles (deceased 1968) founded the Alabama Republican Party in the 1960s.
# Compsolechia petromorpha

Compsolechia petromorpha is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found in Peru and Amazonas, Brazil.
The wingspan is about 12 mm for males and 14 mm for females. The forewings are uniform rather dark violet grey. The hindwings are dark grey, in males with a long light violet-grey hair-pencil lying in the median fold and reaching the end of the cell, and a shorter but denser light grey hair-pencil in the submedian fold.
# C. Loganathan

Chelliah Loganathan (19 September 1913 – 4 May 1981) was a Ceylon Tamil banker and the first Ceylonese general manager of the Bank of Ceylon.

## Early life and family

Loganathan was born on 19 September 1913. He was the son of V. Chelliah and Pilawadi Thangamuthu Ammai from Puloly South near Point Pedro in northern Ceylon. He was educated at Victoria College, Chulipuram and Hartley College. He received higher education in Colombo and Bombay.
Loganathan married Thilagavathy Ammai, daughter of C. Sivasithamparam. They had three sons (Sathananthan, Sritharan and Kethesh) and three daughters (Gowri, Vasuki and Lalitha). His son in Law A.Tharmaratnam served with the International Financial Corporation of the World Bank. His granddaughter (daughter of Gowri Tharmaratnam) Mythili Raman is the acting United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division.

## Career

Loganathan started working for the Bank of Ceylon in 1939. After a series of promotions he became general manager of the bank in 1953. He remained in this post until 1969 during which time the bank grew rapidly.
Loganathan was a director of the Development Finance Corporation of Ceylon for two years, an adviser to the Development Bank of Philippines and a consultant to the UN Asian Institute for Economic Development and Planning.

## Later life

Loganathan helped build and restore Hindu temples in his later years. He died on 4 May 1981.
# Pulß

Pulß is a German surname, derived from the Slavic forename Boleš, a short form of Bolesław, meaning "great glory."
Notable people with the surname include:
* Irmgard Neumann, née Pulß, East German politician
* Henning Pulß, writer and director
# Rasuliya Gusain

Rasuliya Gusain is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Huzur tehsil and the Phanda block.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Rasuliya Gusain has 113 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 50.36%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 532 | 261 | 271 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 117 | 51 | 66 |
| Scheduled caste | 41 | 17 | 24 |
| Scheduled tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literates | 209 | 124 | 85 |
| Workers (all) | 309 | 162 | 147 |
| Main workers (total) | 255 | 135 | 120 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 49 | 25 | 24 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 183 | 99 | 84 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 22 | 10 | 12 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 54 | 27 | 27 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 11 | 9 | 2 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 29 | 12 | 17 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 14 | 6 | 8 |
| Non-workers | 223 | 99 | 124 |
# Chiloi

Chiloi is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# Cattleya dowiana

Cattleya dowiana is a species of orchid. The diploid chromosome number of C. dowiana has been determined as 2n = 40; the haploid chromosome number has been determined as n = 20.
# AGMA

Agma is a name for the velar nasal speech sound and the letter ⟨ŋ⟩ that stands for it.
AGMA may refer to:
* Alliance for Gray Market and Counterfeit Abatement, an anti-counterfeiting and gray market organization
* American Gear Manufacturers Association, a trade group for companies involved in gears, couplings and related power transmission components and equipment
* American Guild of Musical Artists, an entertainment labor union
* Association of Greater Manchester Authorities, the local government association for Greater Manchester, England
# APRA Music Awards of 1990

The Australasian Performing Right Association Awards of 1990 (generally known as APRA Awards) are a series of awards held in 1990. The APRA Music Awards were presented by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and the Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS).

## Awards

Only winners are noted
| Award | Winner |
| Gold Award | "Devil Inside" (Andrew Farriss, Michael Hutchence) by INXS |
| Gold Award | "New Sensation" (Farriss, Hutchence) by INXS |
| Most Performed Australasian Work for Film | Young Einstein (William Motzing, Tommy Tycho) by Martin Armiger, William Motzing, Tommy Tycho |
| Most Performed Country Work | "A Little Further North Each Year" (Graeme Connors) by Graeme Connors |
| Most Performed Australasian Popular Work | "Age of Reason" (Johanna Pigott, Todd Hunter) by John Farnham |
| Most Performed Australasian Serious Work | "Concertino for Oboe & Orchestra" (Colin Brumby) by Colin Brumby |
| Most Performed Australasian Jazz Work | "Saturday Sailing" (James Morrison and John Morrison) by Morrison Brothers Big Bad Band |
| Most Performed Overseas Work | "Two Strong Hearts" (Bruce Woolley, Andy Hill) by John Farnham |
# Psammobatis parvacauda

Psammobatis parvacauda, commonly known as the smalltail sandskate, is a skate in the family Arhynchobatidae. Based on the single known specimen, its range includes at least the area northeast of the Falkland Islands.
Due to the limited knowledge of its biology and extent of capture in fisheries, this species is assessed as Data Deficient.
# Catawissa

Catawissa may refer to the following:
* Catawissa, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* Catawissa (tugboat), a registered historic place in Waterford, New York
* Catawissa, Pennsylvania, a borough in Columbia County
** Catawissa Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, located in the above borough
** Catawissa Friends Meetinghouse, located in the above borough
** Catawissa Bottling Company, located in the above borough
* Catawissa Creek, a tributary of the North Branch Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania
# AJ Seals

Allen "AJ" Seals (born March 9, 2000) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder.

## Career

Seals played with Orlando City academy team before joining Orlando's United Soccer League side in 2017 as an amateur player.
In 2019, Seals signed with National Premier Soccer League side Central Florida Panthers SC ahead of the team's inaugural season.
In November 2023, Seals was named to the 2023 Second Team All-Sun Belt Conference.
# Pseudodaphnella boholensis

Pseudodaphnella boholensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 4 mm and 6.5 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Panglao Island, South Bohol, Philippines
# 1982 Tour de Romandie

The 1982 Tour de Romandie was the 36th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 4 May to 9 May 1982. The race started in Meyrin and finished in Neuchâtel. The race was won by Jostein Wilmann of the Capri Sonne team.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Jostein Wilmann (NOR) | Capri Sonne–Campagnolo–Merckx | 21h 34' 55" |
| 2 | Tommy Prim (SWE) | Bianchi–Piaggio | + 1' 03" |
| 3 | Silvano Contini (ITA) | Bianchi–Piaggio | + 1' 33" |
| 4 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | Renault–Elf–Gitane | + 1' 33" |
| 5 | Jean-Marie Grezet (SUI) | Cilo–Aufina | + 1' 34" |
| 6 | Michel Laurent (FRA) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | + 2' 34" |
| 7 | Robert Millar (GBR) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | + 2' 50" |
| 8 | Jérôme Simon (FRA) | La Redoute–Motobécane | + 2' 58" |
| 9 | Robert Alban (FRA) | La Redoute–Motobécane | + 3' 31" |
| 10 | Daniel Müller (SUI) | Royal–Wrangler [ca] | + 3' 46" |
# A. E. Hayward

Alfred Earl Hayward (1884 – 1939), was a 20th century American comic strip artist. He was known professionally as A. E. Hayward for his comics work although he used his full name for his fine arts work.
He is best known for his seminal 1918-1941 strip Somebody's Stenog ("stenog" standing for "stenographer"). This strip, featuring flapper-era secretary Cam O'Flage, was one of the first daily strips focusing on an independent woman. It was the first enduring daily strip to have an "office girl" as the protagonist and to be concerned with a group of female office workers.

## Early career and painting

Hayward was born as Alfred Mark Hayward on February 14, 1884, in Camden, New Jersey, to English immigrants. His father and grandfather were painters, and he became an accomplished watercolorist himself, exhibiting his impressionist landscapes (usually of mountains, and some quite abstract) to critical praise at New York's Fifteen Gallery, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (where he studied), and many cities of the United States and beyond.
In addition to his painting, Hayward worked as a newspaper writer of humorous human interest fare, wrote poetry, and lectured at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, but found his greatest fame when he turned to cartooning.
He created the strip Some Day, Maybe for the New York World in 1912 and Great Ceasar's Ghost, later named Great Ceasar's Goat and later still Pinheads (1913–1915) also for the World. He created Colonel Corn (1915–1918) for the New York Herald and the single-panel Padded Cell (also 1915–1918) for the Public Ledger Syndicate. In Padded Cell he ran a suite of cartoons called Somebody's Stenographer for six weeks in 1916. This served as a prototype for his most successful work.

## Somebody's Stenog

Somebody's Stenog first ran on December 16, 1918, preceding (and perhaps in part inspiring) the similarly-themed strips Winnie Winkle (1920) and Tillie the Toiler (1921). The Sunday strip debuted on April 30, 1922. The strip was distributed out of Philadelphia by the Ledger Syndicate. Characters included Cam O'Flage's friend Mary Doodle, her boss Sam Smithers, and her rival Kitty Scratch. Hayward retired from the strip in 1933 and died in 1939; the strip was continued by artists including Ray Thompson and Sam Nichols. The last Somebody's Stenog strip was published May 10, 1941.
The strip was published outside America. In French Canada it ran in La Presse under the title LouLou and in Sweden it ran in Hemmets Journal as Grosshandlare Petterkvist och hans sekreterare ("Merchant Peter Kvist and His Secretary").
Somebody's Stenog was successful enough that Al Capp, shopping Li'l Abner in the mid 1930s, was pressured to instead draw a strip similar to Hayward's.

## Personal life and death

Hayward married Stella Kelly on August 28, 1907. They had a daughter, Joyce. Hayward died in New York City on July 25, 1939.
# Celaenorrhinus sanjeensis

Celaenorrhinus sanjeensis is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in south-central Tanzania. The habitat consists of forests.
The length of the forewings is 23.5 mm for males and 24.2 mm for females.
# Celaenorrhinus sumitra

Celaenorrhinus sumitra is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in India.
# AJP

AJP or ajp may refer to:
* American Journal of Philology, published by Johns Hopkins University Press
* American Journal of Psychiatry, published by the American Psychiatric Association
* American Journal of Psychology, published by the University of Illinois Press
* American Journal of Physics, published by the American Association of Physics Teachers and the American Institute of Physics
* American Journal of Physiology, published by the American Physiological Society
* Asian Jake Paul, single by American Youtuber IDubbbz
* Australasian Journal of Philosophy, published by the Australasian Association of Philosophy
* AJP Motos, a Portuguese motorcycle brand
* Animal Justice Party, a political party in Australia focusing on animal rights
* Apache JServ Protocol, protocol for computer servers
* All Japan Pro Wrestling, Japanese professional wrestling promotion
* South Levantine Arabic (deprecated ISO 639-3 code)
* AJP6 and AJP8, TVR engines
* Assam Jatiya Parishad, political party in India