OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2021 BCL Americas Playoffs

The 2021 BCL Americas Playoffs were the 2nd playoffs of the Basketball Champions League Americas (BCL Americas) and were the concluding tournament of the 2021 BCL Americas season. The playoffs began on 10 April 2021 and ended on 13 April 2021 with the final. All games were single-elimination and were played at the Alexis Arguello Sports Complex in Managua, Nicaragua.

## Bracket

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | | Final | Final |
| 10 April | 10 April | | | |
| Real Estelí | 94 | | | |
| Real Estelí | 94 | 11 April | 11 April | | |
| Franca | 73 | 11 April | 11 April | |
| Franca | 73 | Real Estelí | 98 | |
| 10 April | 10 April | | Real Estelí | 98 | |
| 10 April | 10 April | Minas | 95 | |
| Quimsa | 60 | Minas | 95 | |
| Quimsa | 60 | | | | 13 April | 13 April |
| Minas | 87 | | | | 13 April | 13 April |
| Minas | 87 | | | | Real Estelí | 80 |
| 10 April | 10 April | | | | | Real Estelí | 80 |
| 10 April | 10 April | | | | Flamengo | 84 |
| San Lorenzo | 75 | | | | Flamengo | 84 |
| San Lorenzo | 75 | 11 April | 11 April | | | |
| São Paulo FC | 78 | 11 April | 11 April | | | |
| São Paulo FC | 78 | São Paulo FC | 66 | | | |
| 10 April | 10 April | | São Paulo FC | 66 | | | |
| 10 April | 10 April | Flamengo | 75 | | Third place game | Third place game |
| Flamengo | 74 | Flamengo | 75 | | Third place game | Third place game |
| Flamengo | 74 | | | | 13 April | 13 April |
| Caballos de Coclé | 59 | | | | 13 April | 13 April |
| Caballos de Coclé | 59 | | | | Minas | 75 |
| | | | | | São Paulo FC | 58 |
# 2015–16 National Basketball League (Czech Republic) season

The 2015–16 National Basketball League (Czech Republic) season was the 23rd season of the Czech NBL. The season started on October 10, 2015.

## Regular season

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | PCT | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | ČEZ Nymburk | 11 | 10 | 1 | 956 | 695 | +261 | .909 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 2 | Armex Děčín | 41 | 30 | 11 | 3341 | 3029 | +312 | .732 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 3 | Ariete Prostějov | 41 | 29 | 12 | 3488 | 3175 | +313 | .707 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 4 | Opava | 41 | 26 | 15 | 3442 | 3268 | +174 | .634 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 5 | JIP Pardubice | 41 | 26 | 15 | 3573 | 3194 | +379 | .634 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 6 | Geosan Kolín | 41 | 21 | 20 | 3388 | 3436 | −48 | .512 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 7 | USK Praha | 41 | 19 | 22 | 2973 | 2964 | +9 | .463 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 8 | Bohemilk Tuři Svitavy | 41 | 17 | 24 | 3103 | 3533 | −430 | .415 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 9 | NH Ostrava | 41 | 17 | 24 | 2969 | 3102 | −133 | .415 | |
| 10 | Sluneta | 41 | 15 | 26 | 3188 | 3380 | −192 | .366 | |
| 11 | mmcité Brno | 41 | 11 | 30 | 2997 | 3373 | −376 | .268 | |
| 12 | Lions Jindřichův Hradec | 41 | 10 | 31 | 3160 | 3543 | −383 | .244 | Relegation play-offs |

## Playoffs

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | ČEZ Nymburk | 3 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Bohemilk Tuři Svitavy | 0 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Bohemilk Tuři Svitavy | 0 | 1 | ČEZ Nymburk | 3 | | | |
| | | | 5 | JIP Pardubice | 0 | | | |
| 4 | Opava | 1 | 5 | JIP Pardubice | 0 | | | |
| 5 | JIP Pardubice | 3 | | | | | | |
| 5 | JIP Pardubice | 3 | | | | 1 | ČEZ Nymburk | 3 |
| | | | | | | 2 | Armex Děčín | 0 |
| 2 | Armex Děčín | 3 | | | | | | | 2 | Armex Děčín | 0 |
| 7 | USK Praha | 1 | | | |
| 7 | USK Praha | 1 | 2 | Armex Děčín | 3 | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| | | | 3 | Ariete Prostějov | 1 |
| 3 | Ariete Prostějov | 3 | 3 | Ariete Prostějov | 1 | 3 | Ariete Prostějov | 0 |
| 6 | Geosan Kolín | 1 | | | | 5 | JIP Pardubice | 2 |

## Czech clubs in European competitions

| Team | Competition | Progress |
| ČEZ Nymburk | FIBA Europe Cup | Top 32 |

## Czech clubs in Regional competitions

| Team | Competition | Progress |
| ČEZ Nymburk | VTB United League | Quarterfinals |
# Conversa com Bial

Conversa com Bial (English: Talk with Bial) is a Brazilian late-night talk show hosted by journalist and former Big Brother presenter Pedro Bial. The show premiered on May 2, 2017, on Rede Globo, and features interviews with a range of guests including artists, politicians, and celebrities. In addition to the interviews, the show also includes music performances and comedy sketches.
# Coleophora kunenensis

Coleophora kunenensis is a species of moth in the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Kenya, Namibia and South Africa (Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal).
# 1929 in El Salvador

The following lists events that happened in 1929 in El Salvador.

## Incumbents

* President: Pío Romero Bosque
* Vice President: Gustavo Vides
# Ravnsnæs

Ravnsnæs is a small village with a population of 580 (1 January 2024), just south of Sjælsø in Denmark. Ravnsnæs is part of the Rudersdal Municipality, and is situated 3.5 km South West of Hørsholm.
Watch pictures and fly-over video at landowner's website.
# Rateh

Rateh is a village in Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is also market area for people of nearby villages.This market is well known for buying clothes, groceries, snacks and many more things.
# Catholic Church in Cameroon

The Catholic Church in Cameroon is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
There are almost ten million Catholics in the Republic of Cameroon, 38.4% of the population, in 24 Dioceses. A later survey put the figure at 7 million (26%) in 2023.
In 2000, there were 480 priests and 1860 men and women in religious orders.

## Structure

Within Cameroon the church organization consists of:
* Bamenda
** Buéa
** Kumba
** Kumbo
** Mamfe
* Bertoua
** Batouri
** Doumé-Abong' Mbang
** Yokadouma
* Douala
** Bafang
** Bafoussam
** Edéa
** Eséka
** Nkongsamba
* Garoua
** Maroua-Mokolo
** Ngaoundéré
** Yagoua
* Yaoundé
** Bafia
** Ebolowa
** Kribi
** Mbalmayo
** Obala
** Sangmélima

## Notable persons

In 2023, Simon Mpeke (Baba Simon) became the first Cameroonian to be declared a Venerable by the Catholic Church.
# 1890 in Belgium

Events in the year 1890 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch - Leopold II
* Prime Minister: Auguste Marie François Beernaert

## Events

* 25 May – Provincial elections
* 27 May – Belgian National Day is made a legal holiday
* 10 June – Belgian general election, 1890
* 2 July – Brussels Conference Act of 1890 (anti-slavery convention)
* 21 July – first observance of 21 July as Belgian National Day; king lays the foundation stone of the Arcade du Cinquantenaire in Brussels.
* 16 to 21 August – Seventh International Eucharistic Congress held in Antwerp, with an estimated 150,000 participants.
* establishment of Sint-Leocollege in Bruges

## Publications

* Sylvain Balau, Soixante-dix ans d'histoire contemporaine de Belgique (1815-1884), 3rd edition, with a preface by Charles Woeste (Liège, L. Grandmont-Donders, and Ghent, A. Siffer).
* Dom Bernard, Geschiedenis der Benedictijner Abdij van Affligem (Ghent, A. Siffer)
* Prosper de Haulleville, Les nonciatures apostoliques en Belgique depuis 1830
* Paul Fredericq, The Study of History in Holland and Belgium, translated by Henrietta Leonard (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press)
* Iwan Gilkin, La Damnation de l'artiste (Brussels, Edmond Deman)
* Alexis Marie Gochet, Les Congolais: leurs moeurs et usages. Histoire, géographie et ethnographie de l'état indépendant du Congo (Liège, H. Dessain)
* Philippe Kervyn de Volkaersbeke, La Lutte de l'Irlande (Lille, Société de Saint-Augustin)

## Births

* 1 January – Alphonse Six, footballer (died 1914)
* 5 March – Ann Codee, actress (died 1961)
* 25 June – Camille Tihon, archivist (died 1972)
* 10 October – Jan Vanderheyden, film-maker (died 1961)
* 13 November – Oscar Blansaer, Olympic athlete (died 1962)

## Deaths

* 2 March – Eudore Pirmez (born 1830), politician
* 22 March – Désiré de Haerne (born 1804), priest
* 11 May – Eugène Albert (born 1816), clarinet maker
* 23 May – Louis Artan (born 1837), artist
* 5 July – Pierre Van Humbeeck (born 1829), politician
* 3 September – Willem Linnig the Younger (born 1842), artist
* 22 September – Joanna Courtmans (born 1811), writer
* 23 October – Charles Verlat (born 1824), painter
* 16 November – Jean Auguste Ulric Scheler (born 1819), philologist
* 19 December – César De Paepe (born 1841), syndicalist
* 21 December – Eugène Anspach (born 1833), governor of the national bank
# 1890 in Australia

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following lists events that happened during 1890 in Australia.

## Incumbents
### Premiers

* Premier of New South Wales – Henry Parkes
* Premier of South Australia – John Cockburn until 19 August, then Thomas Playford II
* Premier of Queensland – Boyd Dunlop Morehead until 12 August, then Samuel Griffith
* Premier of Tasmania – Philip Fysh
* Premier of Western Australia – established from 29 December, John Forrest
* Premier of Victoria – Duncan Gillies until 5 November, then James Munro

### Governors

* Governor of New South Wales – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey
* Governor of Queensland – Henry Wylie Norman
* Governor of South Australia – Algernon Keith-Falconer, 9th Earl of Kintore
* Governor of Tasmania – Robert Hamilton
* Governor of Victoria – John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow
* Governor of Western Australia – William C. F. Robinson

## Events

* 1 January – The University of Tasmania opens
* 28 February – The steamship RMS Quetta sinks off Cape York Peninsula, killing 133
* 2 October – Fire destroys buildings between Castlereagh, Moore and Pitt Streets valued at £750,000 sterling
* 29 December – Sir John Forrest becomes the Premier of Western Australia and the first Premier in Australia.

## Arts and literature

* 26 April – Banjo Paterson's The Man from Snowy River is published.
* May – Tom Roberts' Shearing the Rams is first exhibited
* Verse by Adam Lindsay Gordon (1830-1870) set to music by Australian musician Theodore Tourrier (1846-1929)

## Sport

* 31 May – The first Australian Championships in Athletics are held under the name Inter Colonial Meet. The men's competition is staged at the Moore Park in Sydney.
* November – Carbine wins the Melbourne Cup

## Births

* 2 March – Sir Malcolm Barclay-Harvey, Governor of South Australia 1939–1944 (died 1969)
* 9 March - Rupert Balfe, Australian rules footballer and soldier (died 1915)
* 10 March – Albert Ogilvie, Premier of Tasmania (died 1939)
* 10 July – Leo Rush, Australian rules footballer (died 1983)
* 18 July – Frank Forde, 15th Prime Minister of Australia (died 1983)
* 29 August – Richard Gardiner Casey, Governor General of Australia (died 1976)
* 9 September – Hilda Abbott, Red Cross leader and wife of the administrator of the Northern Territory (died 1984)
* 10 September – Robert Heffron, Premier of New South Wales (died 1978)
* 31 December – Daryl Lindsay, artist (died 1976)

## Deaths

* 9 November - James Boag I, brewer (born 1822)
# Catholic semigroup

In mathematics, a catholic semigroup is a semigroup in which no two distinct elements have the same set of inverses. The terminology was introduced by B. M. Schein in a paper published in 1979. Every catholic semigroup either is a regular semigroup or has precisely one element that is not regular, much like the partitioners of most Catholic churches. The semigroup of all partial transformations of a set is a catholic semigroup. It follows that every semigroup is embeddable in a catholic semigroup. But the full transformation semigroup on a set is not catholic unless the set is a singleton set. Regular catholic semigroups are both left and right reductive, that is, their representations by inner left and right translations are faithful. A regular semigroup is both catholic and orthodox if and only if the semigroup is an inverse semigroup.
# Chiry-Ourscamp

Chiry-Ourscamp (French pronunciation:, before 1999: Chiry-Ourscamps) is a French commune in the Oise department, region of Hauts-de-France.

## History

An early reference to the community dates to the seventh century, when it was referred to as Ursi campus. Château Mennechet, a castle constructed in the late 19th century in Chiry-Ourscamp lies in ruins after being left vacant following the Second World War.
# Chirusoku no Natsu

Chirusoku no Natsu (チルソクの夏) is a 2003 Japanese film directed by Kiyoshi Sasabe.

## Awards

* Won: 2003 Directors Guild of Japan New Directors Award - Kiyoshi Sasabe
# 2009 Legends of Snooker

The 2009 110sport.tv Legends of Snooker was a snooker legends tournament that took place between 31 October–1 November 2009 at Rothes Hall in Glenrothes, Scotland. The tournament was won by Stephen Hendry, who defeated Ken Doherty 5–3 in the final.

## Main draw

| Quarter-finals Best of 7 frames | Quarter-finals Best of 7 frames | Quarter-finals Best of 7 frames | Semi-finals Best of 9 frames | Semi-finals Best of 9 frames | Semi-finals Best of 9 frames | Final Best of 9 frames | Final Best of 9 frames | Final Best of 9 frames |
| Ken Doherty | Ken Doherty | 4 | | | | | | |
| Tony Knowles | Tony Knowles | 1 | | | | | | |
| Tony Knowles | Tony Knowles | 1 | Ken Doherty | Ken Doherty | 5 | | | |
| | | | Nigel Bond | Nigel Bond | 0 | | | |
| Nigel Bond | Nigel Bond | 4 | Nigel Bond | Nigel Bond | 0 | | | |
| Jimmy White | Jimmy White | 1 | | | | | | |
| Jimmy White | Jimmy White | 1 | | | | Ken Doherty | Ken Doherty | 3 |
| | | | | | | Stephen Hendry | Stephen Hendry | 5 |
| Stephen Hendry | Stephen Hendry | 4 | | | | | | | Stephen Hendry | Stephen Hendry | 5 |
| Tony Drago | Tony Drago | 2 | | | | | | |
| Tony Drago | Tony Drago | 2 | Stephen Hendry | Stephen Hendry | 5 | | | |
| | | | Cliff Thorburn | Cliff Thorburn | 0 | | | |
| Cliff Thorburn | Cliff Thorburn | 4 | Cliff Thorburn | Cliff Thorburn | 0 | | | |
| Alex Higgins | Alex Higgins | 0 | | | | | | |
# Rectala

Rectala is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae.

## Species

* Rectala asyliformis Bryk, 1947
* Rectala magnifica Kallies & Arita, 2001
# Floorball at the 2015 SEA Games – Women's tournament

The women's floorball tournament at the 2015 SEA Games was held at the ITE (Central), Singapore from 11 to 14 June 2015. The competition was held in a round-robin format, after which the top 2 teams at the end of the competition played in the gold medal match.

## Squads

| Malaysia (MAS) | Singapore (SIN) | Thailand (THA) |
| Michaela Khoo Lee Ann Giam Hui Ni Eeleen Tan Lee Shan Ling Wendy Wong Kwan Lai Ang Ling Ling Ivana Sonia Anak Beriak Fathih Hasni Che Husain Goh Yen Yen Naomi Mair Selvanayagam Nurhasheda Md Noh Cheah Pei Yi Norhafizah Razali Nur Aainaa Puteh Hussin Kong Qiu Ginj Nor Eeza Zainal Abidin Jadeera Cheong Phaik Geok (C) Siti Alina Suhaimi | Yeo Xuan Evangeline Poon Jill Quek Lim Jia Mei, Vanessa Joscelin Kee Tingyi Felicia Lim Pei Ting Jowie Tan Hui Ying Wynne Tang (C) Natalia Clare Wee Yuning Ou Mei Wen Khoo Min Zhi Denise Amanda Yeap Suhaidah Mohd Yusof Tan Jean Lynn Laura Debbie Poh Ong Hui Hui Sharifah Syed Abdullah Lai Soak Kuan Gracia Sengutuvan Fariza Begum Mohamed Zabir | Supasuta Thiptha Nattida Chanted Sunisa Utta Pichavee Yoolai Mutmee Maneepura Aunchleeporn Hinmalai Thanaporn Tongkham Sunaree Thoengkhunthod Khwanchanok Suksin Nattawan Ounmuangthong Nina Marianne Suppa (C) Ornpanee Watcharoen Pornsuree Toemsombatbowon Onuma Doungsuda Vilaiporn Jornburom Nasha Jutawijittam Wibunsiri Phetpraphai Thararat Duangporn Somlak Suttiprapa Somsawan Bungnasaeng |

## Results

All times are Singapore Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
    Source: Results Summary

### Preliminaries

    Source: Tournament Summary
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Final Result |
| 1 | Singapore (H) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | +6 | 4 | Advanced to Gold medal match |
| 2 | Thailand | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 4 | +3 | 2 | Advanced to Gold medal match |
| 3 | Malaysia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 11 | −9 | 0 | |

### Gold medal match
## Final standing

| Rank | Team | Pld | W | D | L |
| | Singapore | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| | Thailand | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | Malaysia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
# Abbey of San Clemente al Volmano

San Clemente al Volmano, also known as the Abbey of San Clemente, is a Romanesque-style, former-Benedictine church and monastery found in a rural site, on a hill above the Volmano River, in the frazione of Guardia Vomano of the town of Notaresco, in provincia di Teramo, Abruzzo, Italy.

## History

The abbey was founded by the Benedictines, putatively in 874. According to the Chronicon Casauriense (1182) is that while emperor Ludovico II himself commissioned the Casauria abbey after his release from the imprisonment by Adelchis of Benevento. Louis endowed that abbey with relics of the former Pope Clement I. Louis' mother Ermengarde of Tours, who was taking shelter at the nearby castle of Guardia, also provided for the founding of this abbey. Other sources claim it was founded instead by Louis II's daughter, Ermengard of Italy. In 911, a Saracen incursion destroyed both the Abbey of Casauria and San Clemente. Rebuilt, the monastery was again razed by the Normans in 1077.
As usual after the arson of church in this age, the relics of St Clement were discovered under the pavement of the church at the time of Abbot Grimoaldo (1096), and this encouraged again rebuilding of the monastery. The portal of the church has a date of 1108 for this reconstruction. However, soon the monastery fell again into ruin.
The adjacent convent has been in ruins since the 16th century. The layout of the church has three naves each ending with a semi-circular apse and supported by brick or stone pillars or columns. The presbytery interior is roofed by a sculpted 12th-century ciborium.
In the nave on the right, a polychrome wooden bust represents Pope Saint Clement, whereas on the other side there are interesting remains of frescos. Outside, the stone portal and the façade’s archivolt are both carved in a Romanesque style.
After a long restoration the abbey reopened in 2008.
# 2017 Uruguay Open

The 2017 Uruguay Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Montevideo, Uruguay between November 6 and 12, 2017.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| URU | Pablo Cuevas | 36 | 1 |
| ARG | Guido Pella | 64 | 2 |
| ARG | Nicolás Kicker | 82 | 3 |
| BRA | Rogério Dutra Silva | 95 | 4 |
| ESP | Roberto Carballés Baena | 101 | 5 |
| ITA | Marco Cecchinato | 102 | 6 |
| CHI | Nicolás Jarry | 116 | 7 |
| ARG | Carlos Berlocq | 120 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 30 October 2017.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Martín Cuevas
* Pablo Cuevas
* Santiago Maresca
* João Pedro Sorgi
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Alejandro González
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Pedro Cachin
* Juan Pablo Ficovich
* José Hernández-Fernández
* Juan Ignacio Londero

## Champions
### Singles

* Pablo Cuevas def. Gastão Elias 6–4, 6–3.

### Doubles

* Romain Arneodo / Fernando Romboli def. Ariel Behar / Fabiano de Paula 2–6, 6–4, [10–8].
# Christian Duguay (actor)

Christian Duguay (born January 3, 1970) is an American actor and comedian. Duguay is most notable as one of the recurring cast of sketch comedy series MADtv. Creator of the Valley Heat podcast.

## Biography
### Early years

Christian Duguay was born on January 3, 1970, in Stanford, California. He grew up in Carefree, Arizona, and Readfield, Maine. Duguay attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, where he majored in Jazz Theory and Composition. In 1990, Duguay enrolled in the film school at California State University at Northridge, majoring in screenwriting. He performed with the improv comedy group Legitimate Freaks, and later studied at Groundlings Theater. He joined the Groundlings Main Company in 2000.

### Personal life

Christian Duguay is married to Emily Maya Mills. He was formerly married to fellow Groundling Rachel Ramras.

## Career
### MADtv

Duguay joined the cast of MADtv in 2000. He soon found popularity for his celebrity impressions which included: Jay Leno and *NSYNC's Joey Fatone, and most notably George W. Bush.

#### Characters

| Character | Sketch | Season of First Appearance | Catch Phrase | Notes |
| Edward | Edward | 6 | "I don't get it!" | He is an extremely hyperactive teenager who finds difficulty in comprehending various tasks. |
| Loupgarou | Loupgarou & Hulahoop | 6 | | He is a man who was blinded by a chemical fire as a child and now peddles on the street playing music and singing. |
Impressions
* Adolf Hitler
* Andy Griffith
* Bob Eubanks
* Colin Quinn
* Dan Rather
* George W. Bush
* Howie Long
* Jay Leno
* Pitbull Patterson
* Jim Backus
* John McDaniel
* Joey Fatone
* Martin Sheen
* Robert Zemeckis
* Wolf Blitzer

### Television projects

Aside from MADtv, Duguay has made other television appearances on shows like Arrested Development and Yes, Dear. Duguay also appeared in the HBO special Sketch Pad. As of March 2006, he is still with the Main Company of the Groundlings.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Other notes |
| 2007 | Krews | Cop | |
| 2020 | Valley Heat | Doug Duguay |

### Television appearances

| Year | Title | Role | Other notes |
| 1999 | Futurama | Various | Animated Sitcom |
| 2000–2001 | MADtv | Various Characters | Sketch Comedy |
| 2004 | Arrested Development | Man in Bar | Live-Action Sitcom |
| 2017 | Mike Tyson Mysteries | Phillip (voice) | 1 episode |
| 2018 | Nobodies | Kevin Thune | 6 episodes |
| 2020 | The Dress Up Gang | Christian | 8 episodes |
| 2020 | Corporate | Daniel | 1 episode |
# Recall of facts

Recall of facts is a value of education which is to be de-emphasized in reform of science according to new American national curriculum standards. Recall facts is often associated with rote learning.

## Science in the United States

According to "The Influence of the National Science Education Standards on the Science Curriculum" by James D. Ellis of the University of Kansas:
"Teaching for depth of understanding of important science concepts is preferred, rather than recall of science facts. Teaching less content in depth is better than covering too much content superficially."

## Mathematics in the United States

In North America, the 1989 NCTM math Standards called for decreased emphasis (but not elimination) of memorization of facts. The revised 2000 Standards and the 2006 Focal Points made it clear that students should still memorize basic addition and multiplication facts. Newer editions of textbooks such as Everyday Mathematics stress that
   Helping children learn the basic facts is an important goal in the Everyday Mathematics Curriculum. Most children should have developed an automatic recall of the basic addition and subtraction facts by the end of the second grade. They should also know most of their 1, 2, 5, and 10 multiplication facts by this time. By the end of the fourth grade most students should have an automatic recall of all the basic multiplication facts and be familiar with the basic division facts. Multiplication and division facts are reinforced at the beginning of fifth grade.
# Chałupki, Kielce County

Chałupki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Morawica, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Morawica and 20 km (12 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.