OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Caroline Unger

Caroline Unger (sometimes Ungher; 28 October 1803 – 23 March 1877), alternatively known as Karoline, Carolina, and Carlotta, was an Austro-Hungarian contralto.

## Biography

Born in Vienna (according to erroneous sources, in Stuhlweißenburg, today Székesfehérvár) she studied in Italy; among her teachers were Aloysia Weber Lange and Domenico Ronconi. Her stage debut, in her native city, came in 1821, when she performed in Mozart's Così fan tutte, a performance for which Franz Schubert had briefly served as her répétiteur. Three years later she sang in the first performances of Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and Missa solemnis.
She performed a great deal in Italy, principally in Naples after 1825 when she became engaged to the impresario of the Teatro di San Carlo, Domenico Barbaia. Among the roles written for her were those of Isoletta in Vincenzo Bellini's La straniera (1829, Milan), Gaetano Donizetti's Parisina (1833, Florence), Antonina in Belisario (1836, Venice), Maria de Rudenz (1838, Venice), and Bianca in Saverio Mercadante's Le due illustre rivali (1838, Venice).
Unger had a great success at the Théâtre-Italien in Paris in October 1833, where Sadie speculates that this was the occasion upon which Rossini is known to have commented on her voice as having "the ardour of the south, the energy of the north, brazen lungs, a silver voice and a golden talent".
In 1835, she had a passionate love affair with the French writer Alexandre Dumas during the boat trip they made together from Naples to Palermo, where the singer had been engaged for the autumn season at the Teatro Massimo.
In 1841 she married the French writer François Sabatier-Ungher and retired from the stage in 1843. She died in Florence and was buried in the cemetery of the basilica San Miniato al Monte there.
She is memorable for her part in the famous anecdote regarding the applause at the premiere of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, at which she sang the contralto solo part – it was reported she turned the deaf composer around to receive his audience's thunderous applause.
# Caroline Valenta

Caroline Valenta (27 May 1924 – 20 February 2013) was an American photojournalist. She was born in 1924 in Shiner, Texas. She attended the University of Houston, but left in 1945, at the end of her senior year, to take a full-time staff photographer position at the Houston Post. She was the first woman photographer employed by the paper, where she worked for eight years starting in 1945. Vlaneta gained international recognition for her photographs of the Texas City disaster in 1947.
Her work was included in the 1949 exhibition The Exact Instant at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Her work is included in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts Houston.
# Ramappa Lake

Ramappa Lake is a lake situated in Warangal district, Telangana, India. The lake is one of the prominent reservoirs built by Kakatiya rulers. It is situated in Warangal district.

## Tourist spot

The tourism department has proposed the set up of a meditation center on the banks of the lake.
# Chelsea Hospital Act 1843

The Chelsea Hospital Act 1843 (6 & 7 Vict. c. 31) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It gave authorization to the "Lords and Other Commissioners" of Chelsea hospital to purchase certain properties using funds received from the will of the late Colonel John Drouley.
# Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive Defence Group

The HQ Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive Defence Group is a group formed by various Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) units to enhance counter-terrorism capabilities and provide an immediate response in the event of chemical and biological incidents.
HQ CBRE Defence Group also works closely with the Singapore Civil Defence Force, Singapore Police Force, Ministry of Health, Ministry of the Environment, as well as the Defence Science and Technology Agency and DSO National Laboratories.

## Organization

The group consists of two battalions from the Singapore Combat Engineers — the 36th and the 39th, specializing in Explosive Ordnance Disposal and chemical, biological and radiological defence respectively.
CBRE work closely with the Medical Response Force (MRF) which is the Elite medical arm of the Singapore Armed Forces Medical Corps. The MRF main task is to manage and treat casualties from a chemical or biological attack. The CBRE's task on the other hand is to secure and clear the area during a chemical or biological attack. MRF comes directly under the SAF Army Medical Services (AMS).

## Notable exercises

On 17 January 2003, CBRE Defence Group conducted an exercise code-named Exercise Diamond Shield to demonstrate its capability in counter-terrorism. Another exercise was conducted on 20 January 2006, with simulated multiple CBRE incidents.
In September 2005, CBRE Defence Group took part in a bilateral exercise with Australia code-named Star Lion in Sydney, to enhance its preventive and responsive capabilities.
They also featured prominently in Exercise Northstar V, held on 8 January 2006 and involving an enactment of bombing and chemical attacks at four Mass Rapid Transit stations and a bus interchange.
# 1340s in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

## Events

1341:
* Petrarch becomes Poet Laureate in Rome.

## Works published

1340:
* Raimon de Cornet and Peire de Ladils compose a partimen
1343:
* Glorios Dieus, don totz bens ha creysensa, an anonymous planh for Robert of Naples
1345:
* Petrarch, De Vita Solitaria, Italy
1346:
* The Vows of the Heron written in Flemish (approximate date)
1348:
* Peire Lunel de Montech writes Meravilhar no·s devo pas las gens on the occasion of the Black Death
c. 1340–1349:
* Dafydd ap Gwilym writes The Girls of Llanbadarn and The Seagull

## Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted:
1343:
* Geoffrey Chaucer (died 1400), English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat
1348:
* Jan of Jenštejn (died 1400), Archbishop of Prague who was a poet, writer and composer.

## Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
1342:
* Eifuku-mon In (born 1271), Japanese poet of the Kamakura period and member of the Kyōgoku school of verse
* U Tak (born 1262), Korean poet
1343:
* Ke Jiusi (born 1290), Chinese landscape painter, calligrapher and poet during the Yuan dynasty
1345:
* Manuel Philes (born 1275), Byzantine poet
* Qiao Ji (born unknown), Chinese dramatist and poet during the Yuan dynasty
1346
* Abu Es Haq es Saheli (born 1290), Andalusī-born Arabic poet and architect in the Mali Empire
1347:
* Kokan Shiren (born 1278), Japanese Rinzai Zen patriarch and celebrated poet in Chinese
1348:
* Jacopo Alighieri (born 1289), Italian poet, son of Dante Alighieri
* Sesson Yūbai (born 1290), Japanese Rinzai priest and poet
1349:
* Ibn al-Yayyab (born 1274) Arabic, statesman and poet from the Nasrid kingdom of Granada
* Hamdollah Mostowfi (born 1281), Persian historian, geographer and epic poet
# 12th Panzer Division

12th Panzer Division may refer to:
* 12th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
* 12th Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)
* 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend
# Cheluo

Cheluo (Chinese: 车逻镇) is a town in Gaoyou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu. As of 2020, it has 2 residential communities and 11 villages under its administration.
# Ramiz Galvão

Benjamim Franklin de Ramiz Galvão (1846–1938) was a Brazilian doctor, scholar, administrator and public intellectual.

## Early life and education

He was born in Rio Pardo, and grew up in Rio de Janeiro where he attended Colégio Amante da Instrução and Colégio Pedro II, the latter on a scholarship. He trained as a doctor and later taught at the Rio de Janeiro School of Medicine.

## Career

A precocious talent, he published his first book aged just 19. He went on to teach and publish in a wide variety of fields. Among his works on Portuguese philology was the controversial Vocabulário etimológico, ortográfico e prosódico das palavras portuguesas derivadas da língua grega, published in 1909. As a translator, he translated the war memoir Le retraite de Laguna by the Viscount of Taunay, from French into Portuguese.
He was tutor to the children of Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil through the 1880s. He even taught Greek to Emperor Pedro II himself; the latter made him a baron in 1888. He held numerous other important positions throughout his career. He was director of the National Library for 12 years, and he was the first rector of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. He succeeded Carlos de Laet to the Brazilian Academy of Letters, serving as a member from 1928 to his death in 1938. He was president of the academy in 1933–34. He was also a member of other learned bodies such as the National Academy of Medicine.

## Death and legacy

He died in Rio in 1938, aged 91. A neighbourhood in his hometown of Rio Pardo is now named after him.
# Kalpesh

Kalpesh is an Indian masculine given name.
The following are people called "Kalpesh":
* Kalpesh Parekh, Indian dubbing artist
* Kalpesh Patel, Kenyan cricketer
* Kalpesh Patel (Indian cricketer)
* Kalpesh Satyendra Jhaveri, Indian Judge
# 1997–98 Omani League

The 1997–98 Omani League was the 23rd edition of the top football league in Oman. Oman Club were the defending champions, having won the 1996–97 Omani League season. Al-Nasr S.C.S.C. emerged as the champions of the 1997–98 Omani League with a total of 38 points.

## Teams

This season the number of teams in the league had decreased from 12 to 10. Al-Suwaiq Club, Al-Bustan Club, Fanja SC and Ruwi Club were relegated to the Second Division League after finishing in the relegation zone in the 1996–97 season. The two relegated teams were replaced by Second Division League teams Quriyat Club and Buraimi SC.

### Stadia and locations

| Club | Home city | Stadium | Capacity |
| Al-Ittihad | Salalah | Al-Saada Stadium / Salalah Sports Complex | 12,000 / 8,000 |
| Al-Nasr | Salalah | Al-Saada Stadium / Salalah Sports Complex | 12,000 / 8,000 |
| Al-Oruba | Sur | Sur Sports Complex | 8,000 |
| Al-Seeb | Seeb | Seeb Stadium | 14,000 |
| Buraimi | Al-Buraimi | Nizwa Sports Complex | 10,000 |
| Dhofar | Salalah | Al-Saada Stadium / Salalah Sports Complex | 12,000 / 8,000 |
| Quriyat | Quriyat | Nizwa Sports Complex | 10,000 |
| Oman | Muscat | Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex / Royal Oman Police Stadium | 39,000 / 18,000 |
| Sohar | Sohar | Sohar Regional Sports Complex | 19,000 |
| Sur | Sur | Sur Sports Complex | 8,000 |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Relegation |
| 1 | Al-Nasr (C) | 16 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 31 | 12 | +19 | 38 | |
| 2 | Sur | 16 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 30 | 21 | +9 | 28 | |
| 3 | Al-Oruba | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 25 | 20 | +5 | 33 | |
| 4 | Al-Seeb | 16 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 25 | 15 | +10 | 26 | |
| 5 | Oman | 16 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 28 | 26 | +2 | 26 | |
| 6 | Dhofar | 16 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 27 | 26 | +1 | 25 | |
| 7 | Al-Ittihad | 16 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 19 | 20 | −1 | 18 | |
| 8 | Sohar | 16 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 25 | 27 | −2 | 18 | |
| 9 | Quriyat (R) | 16 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 19 | 36 | −17 | 9 | Relegation to 1998–99 Oman First Division League |
| 10 | Buraimi (R) | 16 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 20 | 44 | −24 | 7 | Relegation to 1998–99 Oman First Division League |
# Camillo Filippi

Camillo Filippi (died 1574) was an Italian painter who flourished about the middle of the 16th century.

## Biography

Filippo was born in Ferrara. He was a disciple of Dosso Dossi, and painted historical works with some success. The Annunciation in the choir of the church of Santa Maria in Vado at Ferrara is attributed to Filippo; as is the Trinity in the Church of the Jesuits. He painted for the fresco cycle of Oratorio dell'Annunziata, Ferrara. His death took place in 1574. His son, Sebastiano Filippi (Il Bastianino), became a prominent local painter. His younger son Cesare Filippi was also a painter.
# Flight Simulation (Psion software)

Flight Simulation is a flight simulation program written by Psion and marketed by Sinclair Research for the ZX Spectrum and ZX81 home computers.
In the United States, Timex Sinclair marketed the ZX81 version as The Flight Simulator for the American version of the ZX81, the Timex Sinclair 1000. It was also marketed as Flug-Simulation in Germany and Simulador De Vuelo in Spain.

## Gameplay

The program simulated the essential aspects of "a highly-manoeuvrable light aircraft" in flight. Despite the limitations of the ZX81, it offered a basic graphical view of the instrumentation and view through the front window, as well as navigational aids and a full-perspective moving view of the final runway approach.

## Reception

The ZX81 version received positive reviews. Popular Computing Weekly said "No words can do justice to this most elegant of programs ... You will not see a better computer game till Psion produce one for the Spectrum". ZX Computing called the program "superb", stating that it made "very good use of the power and the graphics of the ZX81".
The ZX Spectrum version also received good reviews at the time of its release in early 1983. Tony Bridge of Popular Computing Weekly said the program "the best of its type" and that the Spectrum version was even more stunning than the original. Malcolm Jay of ZX Computing said the program was superb but complained about the limited instructions, suggesting "would-be Spectrum pilots should obtain a book on flying from their local library". Eight years later Your Sinclair magazine considered that it had not dated well.
Both versions of Flight Simulation became the best selling program for their respective machines with the ZX81 version reaching number 1 in February 1983 and the Spectrum version reaching the top of the Spectrum charts in May. Both versions were still in their machine's top ten chart over a year later. David Potter, Psion's managing director, stated the game had sold around 250,000 copies in an interview in the January 1984 issue of Your Spectrum.
# 3RR

3RR may refer to:
* 3-ring release system, a parachute component used by sport skydivers
* 3rd Ring Road (Beijing), a road that encircles the center of Beijing, China
* Third-round reversal, a draft method used in some American fantasy football leagues
# Castel Colonna

Castel Colonna was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Ancona. It was called Tomba di Senigallia until 1921.
The municipality of Castel Colonna was disbanded 1 January 2014 and united to Ripe and Monterado in the new municipality of Trecastelli.
Town hall of the new administration was set in former Ripe's offices in Piazza Castello.
# Julius Sabbe

Julius Ludovicus Maria Sabbe (14 February 1846 in Ghent – 3 July 1910 in Bruges) was a Flemish publisher and an active member of the Flemish movement. From 24 September 1869 on, he taught Dutch at the Koninklijk Atheneum (E: Royal Atheneum) of Bruges.
Between 1874 and 1881, he published the monthly magazine De Halletoren, which was succeeded by the liberal magazine Brugsche Beiaard, of which he was the editor, from 1881 up to 1910. He was a staunch supporter of the creation of a seaport for Bruges. When the Flemish weekly Het Volksbelang was founded in 1867, by Julius Vuylsteke, he was one of the editors together with Jozef Van Hoorde, Julius De Vigne, and Adolf Hoste. In 1877 he was awarded by the Royal Academy of Belgium for his cantata Klokke Roelandt. He took the initiative for the creation of a statue for Jan Breydel and Pieter de Coninck, which was inaugurated in 1887. He was the father of Maurits Sabbe.
# Point Arena Hot Springs

The Point Arena Hot Springs are hot springs located along the Garcia River, 15 miles southeast of Point Arena in Mendocino County, California, in the United States. The hot springs served as a popular resort in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1913, the California Blue Book described the Point Arena Hot Springs as "one of California's most beautiful health resorts." The Point Arena Hot Springs reside within private timber company property, and are no longer legally accessible to the public.

## The springs

The springs are located in the canyon of the Garcia River. There are two very small, mud bottomed pools on the steep and slippery rock bank of the river. Located within private timber company property, the springs are no longer legally accessible to the public. The springs produce between 1.5 and 3 gallons of mild sulphur water at between 90 and 95 degrees. Now only accessible by hike, the hot springs are 7 arduous miles with 48 river crossings, some so deep that one must carry their gear above their heads. The hike is very hard and can take 5+ hours.

## Resort history

The resort was founded in 1895 and opened to the public in 1904. By 1910 a hotel was built on site, including several cottages and camping tents, with a capacity for 100 guests. The resort offered, hunting, fishing, croquet, billiards, a bowling alley, and a photography darkroom. It also offered onsite dining and dancing in the evening. The resort cost $12 a week to visit. While the resort was operating, the springs were formed into cemented basins, with two small bathhouses built over the stream with bathtubs. Guests also bathed directly in the springs. The property was only accessible by horse and carriage. The Hotel and accompanying buildings burned down in the 1920s, leaving only 2 small concrete tubs as evidence the resort ever existed.
# Camnula

Camnula is a genus of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It contains one species, Camnula pellucida, the clearwinged grasshopper. This grasshopper is found in most of North America excluding some southeastern states. It can be a severe pest in grains and rangelands.
# Pradeep Nilanga Dela

Wanigasekara Wanasinghe Mudiyanse Ralahamilage Pradeep Nilanga Dela (known as Pradeep Nilanga Dela; Sinhala:ප්‍රදීප් නිලංග දෑල) is the present and the 19th Diyawadana Nilame (Chief Custodian of Sri Dalada Maligawa). He acted as the Basnayake Nilame of Ruhunu Maha Kataragama devalaya and Sabaragamu Maha Saman devalaya, before being elected to the post of Diyawadana Nilame on July 1, 2005.
Nilanga was educated at Nalanda College, Colombo and was presented with Nalanda Keerthi Sri award in 2005 by his alma mater Nalanda College, Colombo.
Nilanga is the son of Dickson Sarathchandra Dela who was the Sri Lankan former High commissioner to Maldives and former Governor of Sabaragamuwa & Northern Province.
# RNLI New Holland TC45 launch tractor

The New Holland TC45 is a four-wheel drive compact tractor, adapted to suit the launch and recovery requirements for some of the RNLI's inflatable inshore lifeboats from beach and shore-based lifeboat stations.

## Specification

The RNLI engineering department in Poole worked with the tractor company New Holland to design a small launch tractor for stations which operate D-class inflatable lifeboats. The powerful small diesel engine gives out 45 hp (34 kW). The tractor is undersealed to resist a saline environment. The tractor is fitted with turf tyres, which function better on sand, as well as wooden and concrete slipways. The specification complies with DVLA legislation, allowing the tractor to be used on public highways.

## Tractor fleet

| Op.No. | Reg No. | Station | In service | Current lifeboat payload |
| TA53 (TC45D) | EX52 WDT | Happisburgh Relief fleet Ilfracombe Swanage | 2002–2009 2009–2011 2011–2014 2014–2017 | |
| TA56 (TC45D) | WA03 EZB | Horton and Port Eynon Happisburgh Relief fleet | 2002–2009 2009–2022 2022– | |
| TA57 (TC45D) | WA03 EZC | The Mumbles | 2003–2014 | |
| TA58 (TC45D) | WA03 EYZ | Littlehampton Relief fleet Appledore | 2003–2017 2017–2022 2022– | D-class (IB1) Eileen Mary George (D-729/BB) |
| TA59 (TC45D) | WA03 HBF | St Ives Penwith ASC St Ives Relief fleet | 2003–2011 2011–2013 2013–2014 2014–2015 | |
| TA61 (TC45D) | NK53 DFJ | Anstruther Relief fleet | 2003–2020 2000–2023 | |
| TA64 (TC45D) | 04-WD-1859 | Tramore Relief fleet Training | 2004–2010 2010–2014 2014–2015 | |
| TA65 (TC45S) | NK54 EYT | Craster Relief fleet Bembridge | 2005–2010 2010–2011 2011–2014 | |
| TA68 (TC45D) | WA04 VYM | Trearddur Bay | 2005–2022 | |
| TA69 (TC45DA) | 05-D-72167 | Achill Island | 2005– | Used to launch the boarding boat for the Trent-class Sam and Ada Moody (ON 1240) |
| TA70 (TC45D) | 05-D-72163 | Aran Islands Relief fleet Clogherhead Fenit | 2006–2006 2006–2013 2013–2019 2019– | D-class (IB1) Lizzie (D-860) |
| TA71 (TC45D) | SN55 HNU | Aran Islands | 2005–2023 | |
| TA72 (TC45D) | SN55 HNV | Sunderland Relief fleet Craster Relief fleet Port Talbot | 2005–2009 2009–2010 2010–2013 2013–2015 2015–2016 | |
| TA73 (TC45D) | JJZ 9544 | Newcastle Relief fleet Moelfre Relief fleet Port Talbot | 2005–2012 2012–2013 2013–2014 2014–2016 2016–2023 | |
| TA74 (TC45DA) | EU56 HDO | Clacton-on-Sea | 2006– | D-class (IB1) Damar's Pride (D-849) |
| TA81 (TC45DA) | EU57 RWX | Cromer Relief fleet Conwy | 2008–2015 2015–2021 2021– | D-class (IB1) The May-Bob (D-765) |
| TA82 (TC45DA) | SF08 UAG | Ilfracombe Horton and Port Eynon Relief fleet Cromer Relief fleet | 2008–2009 2009–2014 2014–2015 2015–2018 2018– | |
* ↑ Op. No. is the RNLI's Operational Number of the tractor.
# Ramsey Heights nature reserve

Ramsey Heights Nature Reserve is a small nature reserve near the village of Ramsey Heights in Cambridgeshire, England.
The reserve is 5 ha (12 acres) in extent and features ponds formed from abandoned clay pits that are rich in aquatic plant and insect life. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire and Peterborough. The reserve is located 4 km (2.5 mi) west of the town of Ramsey and 1 km (0.6 mi) east of the larger Woodwalton Fen nature reserve.
The Wildlife Trust Countryside Centre in the reserve is based in a converted Victorian brickworks. It provides educational events for families.
# C. nigricans

C. nigricans may refer to:
* Caecilia nigricans, an amphibian species found in Colombia, Ecuador and Panama
* Calyptranthes nigricans, DC., a plant species in the genus Calyptranthes
* Camponotus nigricans, Roger, 1863, an ant species in the genus Camponotus
* Carex nigricans, a species of sedge
* Celaenorrhinus nigricans, the small banded flat, a butterfly species found in South and Southeast Asia
* Cercomacra nigricans, the jet antbird, a bird species found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela
* Chalcosyrphus nigricans, Shiraki, 1968, an hoverfly species in the genus Chalcosyrphus
* Chinemys nigricans, the red-necked pond turtle, a turtle species endemic to China
* Clanculus nigricans, a sea snail species in the genus Clanculus
* Clarias nigricans, a catfish species only known from the Mahakam River in eastern Borneo
* Claviceps nigricans a species of Ergot fungi
* Corunastylis nigricans, (R.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., the Mallee midge-orchid, a plant species in the genus Corunastylis
* Creugas nigricans,C. L. Koch, 1841, a spider species in the genus Creugas and the family Corinnidae found in Mexico and Colombia
* Crocidura nigricans, the blackish white-toothed shrew, a mammal species endemic to Angola
* Cyathea nigricans, a tree fern species in the genus Cyathea
* Cyerce nigricans, a sacoglossan sea slug species
# A509 road (Northern Ireland)

The A509 is a road in Northern Ireland. It travels through County Fermanagh and continues to Cavan and Dublin in the Republic of Ireland as the N3.
The road is a single-carriageway primary route, and forms part of a road corridor from Dublin to Ballyshannon via the N3 route in the Republic of Ireland and the A4 and A46 routes in Northern Ireland.

## Route

The A509 commences at a roundabout with the A4 on the outskirts of Enniskillen and follows a south-easterly path parallel to Upper Lough Erne. The road passes through the villages of Bellaneleck and Mackin, and Derrylin and Teemore at the foot of Slieve Rushen. The road then skirts past the village of Aghalane, and crosses the Senator George Mitchell Peace Bridge to link with the N3 onwards to Belturbet, Cavan, Navan and Dublin.