# 43rd New Zealand Parliament

The 43rd New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. Its composition was determined by the 1990 elections, and it sat until the 1993 elections.
The 43rd Parliament saw the beginning of the fourth National Party government, with the Labour Party failing to win a third term in office. The 43rd Parliament was heavily dominated by National, which controlled nearly seventy percent of the seats. Only one minor party, Jim Anderton's NewLabour, was present at the beginning of the 43rd Parliament. Later, NewLabour would join with several unrepresented parties to form the Alliance, which would gain two additional seats when two National MPs defected. Another National MP, Winston Peters, would also break away from his party, becoming an independent.
The 43rd Parliament consisted of ninety-seven representatives, the same as the previous Parliament. All of these representatives were chosen by single-member geographical electorates, including four Māori electorates.

## Overview of seats

The table below shows the number of MPs in each party following the 1990 election and at dissolution:
| Affiliation | Affiliation | Members | Members |
| Affiliation | Affiliation | At 1990 election | At dissolution |
| | National | 67 | 63 |
| Government total | Government total | 67 | 63 |
| | Labour | 29 | 29 |
| | NewLabour | 1 | Merger |
| | Alliance | Not yet founded | 2 |
| | NZ First | Not yet founded | 2 |
| | Independent | – | 1 |
| Opposition total | Opposition total | 30 | 34 |
| Total | Total | 97 | 97 |
| Working Government majority | Working Government majority | 37 | 29 |
Notes
* ^1 Jim Anderton, Leader of the NewLabour Party merged the party into the newly founded Alliance party.
* The Working Government majority is calculated as all Government MPs less all other parties.

## Initial composition of the 43rd Parliament

The tables below shows the results of the 1990 general election:
Key
National  Labour  Democrats  NewLabour  Mana Motuhake
Electorate results for the 1990 New Zealand general election :
| Electorate | Incumbent | Winner | Winner | Majority | Runner up |
| General electorates ||||||||
| Albany | Don McKinnon | Don McKinnon | Don McKinnon | 7,455 | June Allen |
| Ashburton | Jenny Shipley | Jenny Shipley | Jenny Shipley | 7,922 | Basil Moskovis |
| Auckland Central | Richard Prebble | Richard Prebble | Richard Prebble | 3,277 | Kathryn Hill |
| Avon | Larry Sutherland | Larry Sutherland | Larry Sutherland | 4,250 | Wendy Rush |
| Awarua | Jeff Grant | Jeff Grant | Jeff Grant | 4,964 | Heather Russell |
| Bay of Islands | John Carter | John Carter | John Carter | 5,285 | Bruce Raitt |
| Birkenhead | Jenny Kirk | | Ian Revell | 2,813 | Jenny Kirk |
| Christchurch Central | Geoffrey Palmer | | Lianne Dalziel | 3,769 | Ross Gluer |
| Christchurch North | Mike Moore | Mike Moore | Mike Moore | 2,148 | Peter Yarrell |
| Clevedon | Warren Kyd | Warren Kyd | Warren Kyd | 4,732 | Ann Batten |
| Clutha | Robin Gray | Robin Gray | Robin Gray | 6,527 | Jeff Buchanan |
| Coromandel | Graeme Lee | Graeme Lee | Graeme Lee | 6,342 | Margaret Hawkeswood |
| Dunedin North | Stan Rodger | | Pete Hodgson | 2,336 | Gael Donoghue |
| Dunedin West | Clive Matthewson | Clive Matthewson | Clive Matthewson | 1,779 | Ian McMeeking |
| East Cape | Anne Collins | | Tony Ryall | 1,968 | Dianne Collins |
| East Coast Bays | Murray McCully | Murray McCully | Murray McCully | 5,216 | Gary Knapp |
| Eastern Hutt | Trevor Young | | Paul Swain | 801 | Rosemary Thomas |
| Eden | Richard Northey | | Christine Fletcher | 1,524 | Richard Northey |
| Fendalton | Philip Burdon | Philip Burdon | Philip Burdon | 4,993 | Tony Day |
| Gisborne | Allan Wallbank | | Wayne Kimber | 449 | Allan Wallbank |
| Glenfield | Judy Keall | | Peter Hilt | 2,958 | Judy Keall |
| Hamilton East | Bill Dillon | | Tony Steel | 2,121 | Bill Dillon |
| Hamilton West | Trevor Mallard | | Grant Thomas | 1,563 | Trevor Mallard |
| Hastings | David Butcher | | Jeff Whittaker | 728 | David Butcher |
| Hawkes Bay | Bill Sutton | | Michael Laws | 2,895 | Bill Sutton |
| Heretaunga | Bill Jeffries | | Peter McCardle | 1,122 | Bill Jeffries |
| Hobson | Ross Meurant | Ross Meurant | Ross Meurant | 6,641 | Howard Henry |
| Horowhenua | Annette King | | Hamish Hancock | 624 | Annette King |
| Invercargill | Rob Munro | Rob Munro | Rob Munro | 4,137 | Barry Rait |
| Island Bay | Elizabeth Tennet | Elizabeth Tennet | Elizabeth Tennet | 3,635 | Ann Nolan |
| Kaimai | Robert Anderson | Robert Anderson | Robert Anderson | 8,147 | Gordon Dickson |
| Kaipara | Lockwood Smith | Lockwood Smith | Lockwood Smith | 8,610 | Wayne Sellwood |
| Kapiti | Margaret Shields | | Roger Sowry | 1,599 | Margaret Shields |
| King Country | Jim Bolger | Jim Bolger | Jim Bolger | 7,274 | Cameron Gordon |
| Lyttelton | Peter Simpson | | Gail McIntosh | 68 | Peter Simpson |
| Manawatu | David Robinson | | Hamish MacIntyre | 3,089 | David Robinson |
| Mangere | David Lange | David Lange | David Lange | 4,039 | Bryan Archer |
| Manurewa | Roger Douglas | | George Hawkins | 1,143 | Pat Baker |
| Maramarua | Bill Birch | Bill Birch | Bill Birch | 7,670 | Charles Chauvel |
| Marlborough | Doug Kidd | Doug Kidd | Doug Kidd | 7,187 | Barbara Hutchinson |
| Matamata | John Luxton | John Luxton | John Luxton | 8,501 | Bill Pepperell |
| Miramar | Peter Neilson | | Graeme Reeves | 552 | Peter Neilson |
| Mt Albert | Helen Clark | Helen Clark | Helen Clark | 1,230 | Larry Bellshaw |
| Napier | Geoff Braybrooke | Geoff Braybrooke | Geoff Braybrooke | 1,265 | Colleen Pritchard |
| Nelson | Philip Woollaston | | John Blincoe | 636 | L Baigent |
| New Lynn | Jonathan Hunt | Jonathan Hunt | Jonathan Hunt | 1,099 | Martyn Athol Bishop |
| New Plymouth | Harry Duynhoven | | John Armstrong | 1,701 | Harry Duynhoven |
| North Shore | George Gair | | Bruce Cliffe | 6,183 | Graeme Ransom |
| Ohariu | Peter Dunne | Peter Dunne | Peter Dunne | 783 | George Mathew |
| Onehunga | Fred Gerbic | | Grahame Thorne | 612 | Fred Gerbic |
| Otago | Warren Cooper | Warren Cooper | Warren Cooper | 3,927 | Tony Cooke |
| Otara | Colin Moyle | | Trevor Rogers | 1,226 | Taito Phillip Field |
| Pahiatua | John Falloon | John Falloon | John Falloon | 7,689 | Margo Martindale |
| Pakuranga | Maurice Williamson | Maurice Williamson | Maurice Williamson | 9,086 | Paul Charles Grant |
| Palmerston North | Trevor de Cleene | | Steve Maharey | 349 | Paul Sherriff |
| Panmure | Bob Tizard | | Judith Tizard | 1,098 | Gray Bartlett |
| Papakura | Merv Wellington | | John Robertson | 5,665 | James Stubbs |
| Papatoetoe | Ross Robertson | Ross Robertson | Ross Robertson | 510 | Allan Brewster |
| Pencarrow | Sonja Davies | Sonja Davies | Sonja Davies | 384 | Ray Wallace |
| Porirua | Graham Kelly | Graham Kelly | Graham Kelly | 3,453 | P Faulkner |
| Raglan | Simon Upton | Simon Upton | Simon Upton | 5,442 | Olivia Scaletti-Longley |
| Rangiora | Jim Gerard | Jim Gerard | Jim Gerard | 5,273 | Judith Alison McLachlan |
| Rangitikei | Denis Marshall | Denis Marshall | Denis Marshall | 6,127 | Patricia Barton |
| Remuera | Doug Graham | Doug Graham | Doug Graham | 7,368 | Carl Harding |
| Roskill | Phil Goff | | Gilbert Myles | 644 | Phil Goff |
| Rotorua | Paul East | Paul East | Paul East | 5,270 | Bruce Raitt |
| St Albans | David Caygill | David Caygill | David Caygill | 1,560 | David Dumergue |
| St Kilda | Michael Cullen | Michael Cullen | Michael Cullen | 1,886 | Bruce Alexander |
| Selwyn | Ruth Richardson | Ruth Richardson | Ruth Richardson | 5,441 | Val Elley |
| Sydenham | Jim Anderton | Jim Anderton | Jim Anderton | 1,443 | Linda Constable |
| Tamaki | Robert Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | 7,592 | Malcolm Johnston |
| Taranaki | Roger Maxwell | Roger Maxwell | Roger Maxwell | 7,867 | Scott Dalziel |
| Tarawera | Ian McLean | | Max Bradford | 5,152 | Malcolm Moore |
| Tasman | Ken Shirley | | Nick Smith | 2,246 | Ken Shirley |
| Tauranga | Winston Peters | Winston Peters | Winston Peters | 9,314 | Bill Delaney |
| Te Atatu | Michael Bassett | | Brian Neeson | 1,370 | Dan McCaffrey |
| Timaru | Maurice McTigue | Maurice McTigue | Maurice McTigue | 3,192 | Gary Clarke |
| Titirangi | Ralph Maxwell | | Marie Hasler | 64 | Ralph Maxwell |
| Tongariro | Noel Scott | | Ian Peters | 886 | Noel Scott |
| Waikaremoana | Roger McClay | Roger McClay | Roger McClay | 5,865 | David Davies |
| Waikato | Rob Storey | Rob Storey | Rob Storey | 6,172 | George Middleton |
| Waipa | Katherine O'Regan | Katherine O'Regan | Katherine O'Regan | 8,477 | Mark Apiata-Wade |
| Wairarapa | Wyatt Creech | Wyatt Creech | Wyatt Creech | 4,141 | Pauline Moran |
| Waitaki | Jim Sutton | | Alec Neill | 2,905 | Jim Sutton |
| Waitotara | Venn Young | | Peter Gresham | 7,192 | Dominic O'Sullivan |
| Wallace | Derek Angus | | Bill English | 8,886 | David Soper |
| Wanganui | Russell Marshall | | Cam Campion | 409 | Jill Pettis |
| Wellington Central | Fran Wilde | Fran Wilde | Fran Wilde | 246 | Pauline Gardiner |
| West Auckland | Jack Elder | Jack Elder | Jack Elder | 252 | Laurie Wicks |
| West Coast | Kerry Burke | | Margaret Moir | 2,611 | Kerry Burke |
| Western Hutt | John Terris | | Joy Quigley | 700 | John Terris |
| Whangarei | John Banks | John Banks | John Banks | 6,839 | Edna Tait |
| Yaldhurst | Margaret Austin | Margaret Austin | Margaret Austin | 42 | John Connelly |
| Māori electorates ||||||||
| Eastern Maori | Peter Tapsell | Peter Tapsell | Peter Tapsell | 6,844 | Wi Kuki Kaa |
| Northern Maori | Bruce Gregory | Bruce Gregory | Bruce Gregory | 956 | Matiu Rata |
| Southern Maori | Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan | Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan | Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan | 7,614 | Tikirau Stevens |
| Western Maori | Koro Wētere | Koro Wētere | Koro Wētere | 5,466 | Eva Rickard |
Table footnotes:
* ↑ Gardiner was first on election night for Wellington Central, but lost when special votes were included

## By-elections during 43rd Parliament

There were a number of changes during the term of the 43rd Parliament.
| Electorate and by-election | Electorate and by-election | Date | Incumbent | Cause | Winner |
| Tamaki | 1992 | 15 February | Sir Robert Muldoon | Resignation | Clem Simich |
| Wellington Central | 1992 | 12 December | Fran Wilde | Election as Mayor of Wellington | Chris Laidlaw |
| Tauranga | 1993 | 17 April | Winston Peters | Resignation | Winston Peters |

### Summary of changes during term

* Jim Anderton, the sole MP for the NewLabour Party, merged his party with several others to form the Alliance in 1991. Anderton was thereafter recorded as an Alliance MP rather than a NewLabour MP.
* Robert Muldoon, the National Party MP for Tamaki and a former Prime Minister of New Zealand, quit Parliament on 17 December 1991. His departure prompted a by-election in Tamaki early the following year — it was won by Clem Simich, also of the National Party.
* Gilbert Myles and Hamish MacIntyre, the National Party MPs for Roskill and Manawatu, respectively, quit their party in 1992. They established a small group Liberal Party, which they eventually merged into the Alliance.
* Fran Wilde, the Labour Party MP for Wellington Central, quit Parliament in 1992 to become Mayor of Wellington. Her departure prompted a by-election in Wellington Central in December — it was won by Chris Laidlaw, also of the Labour Party.
* Cam Campion, the National Party MP for Wanganui, announced his resignation from the party on 3 March 1993. He accused the party of attempting to rig the reselection process against him. Campion remained an independent for the remainder of the term.
* Winston Peters, the National Party MP for Tauranga, resigned from both his party and his seat on 18 March 1993. His departure prompted a by-election in Tauranga in April — Peters contested and won it as an independent candidate. Later, he would found the New Zealand First party.
* Myles left the Alliance to join Peters in New Zealand First.