OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Francis Sandford, 1st Baron Sandford

Francis Richard John Sandford, 1st Baron Sandford, KCB, PC (14 May 1824 – 31 December 1893), known as Sir Francis Sandford between 1863 and 1891, was a British civil servant. He was Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Committee of Council on Education between 1870 and 1884, in which role he was instrumental in implementing the Elementary Education Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75).

## Background and education

The member of an old Shropshire family, Sandford was the son of Sir Daniel Sandford by Cecilia Catherine Charnock, daughter of John Charnock. He was the grandson of the Right Reverend Daniel Sandford, Bishop of Edinburgh, and the brother of Sir Herbert Sandford, Executive Commissioner to the Melbourne Exhibition of 1880, and the Right Reverend Daniel Sandford, Bishop of Tasmania. He was educated at the Glasgow High School, the Grange School at Sunderland, the University of Glasgow and as a Snell exhibitioner at Balliol College, Oxford, where he obtained a first class in Literae Humaniores.

## Career

Sandford entered the Education office in 1848, where he was to remain except for short interludes until 1884. In 1862 he was organising secretary for the International Exhibition of that year and from 1868 to 1870 he was Assistant Under-Secretary at the Colonial Office. In 1870 he was made Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Committee of Council on Education. He played an important role in the implementation of the Elementary Education Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75) introduced by William Edward Forster. Sandford combined this role with that of secretary to the Scottish Education department and to the science and art department, offices which were later split between separate individuals. According to the Dictionary of National Biography the "...work he performed in these capacities was appreciated by statesmen of all political parties".
In 1884 Sandford was made a charity commissioner under the London Parochial Charities Act and in 1885 he was vice-chairman of the commissioners under the Redistribution of Seats Act. From 1885 to 1887 he was Under-Secretary for Scotland. He was knighted in 1863, made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1871 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1879 and sworn of the Privy Council in 1885. In 1891 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Sandford, of Sandford in the County of Salop.

## Personal life

Lord Sandford married Margaret Findlay, daughter of Robert Findlay, of Botwich Castle, Dunbartonshire, in 1849. They had no children. He died in December 1893, aged 69, when the barony became extinct. He was buried in the churchyard at his ancestral parish of Prees, Shropshire. Lady Sandford died in April 1905.
# Cheria District

Cheria District is a district of Tébessa Province, Algeria.
The district is further divided into 2 municipalities:
* Cheria
* Tlidjene
* This article about a location in Tébessa Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
35°16′13″N 7°45′07″E﻿ / ﻿35.2704°N 7.7520°E﻿ / 35.2704; 7.7520
# Japanese ship Nashi

Two ships of the Japanese Navy have been named Nashi:
* Japanese destroyer Nashi (1919), a Momi-class destroyer launched in 1919 and decommissioned in 1940.
* Japanese destroyer Nashi (1945), a Tachibana-class destroyer launched and sunk in 1945. She was salvaged in 1954 and renamed JDS Wakaba finally being struck in 1971.
# Château de Lobit

Château de Lobit is a château in the town of Saint-Maurice-sur-Adour, Landes department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. It was built in the 18th century and is flanked by two towers.
# Jagannath Temple, Pabna

Jagannath Temple located in Chatmohar Upazila of Pabna District, Bangladesh is dedicated to the Hindu god Jagannath. Locally known as the Handial Mandir, the temple was built between 1300 and 1400 CE. The temple is famous for its terracotta sculptures, and has been described as one of the most beautiful Hindu temples in Northern Bangladesh. The temple is incurring damage by high salinity from the soil it is built on.
# Claremont Airport

Claremont Airport may refer to a location:
* Claremont Airport (Maryland), United States, also known as Cecil County Airport
* Claremont Municipal Airport, New Hampshire, United States
* Claremont Airbase, aerial firefighting base near Brukunga in South Australia, Australia
# Colonization (series)

Colonization is a trilogy of alternate history books by American writer Harry Turtledove. It is a series continuation of the situation set up in the Worldwar tetralogy, projecting the situation between humanity and The Race (the bipedal lizard-like invaders and settlers from Worldwar) nearly twenty years afterward, in the mid-1960s.
The Race has settled and plans to colonize nearly half the surface of the Earth, including Africa, Australia, China, southern Asia, Mexico, Central America, South America, Spain, Portugal, and Poland (prewar Poland and East Prussia). The United States, Canada, the Soviet Union, the Greater German Reich (Germany and the territories that it occupied during World War II), the United Kingdom, and Japan are the only other powers when the Race's colonization fleet of 80–100 million settlers arrives. Humanity and The Race still jockey for advantages over each other.

## Novels

Books of the Colonization trilogy are:
* Colonization: Second Contact (1999)
* Colonization: Down to Earth (2000)
* Colonization: Aftershocks (2001)
A follow-up novel to this series, Homeward Bound, was released in 2004.

## Political situation

The Race has taken over half of the planet. With the exception of the Greater German Reich, the Soviet Union, the Japanese Empire, the British Isles, the US, and some nations that are allied to the major powers, mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, the Race rules most of the Earth. The Race spends its time trying to adapt to conditions on Earth (for example, the aliens release species from Home on Earth, causing environmental trouble). The Soviet Union supplies weapons to Mao Zedong's Communist Party. The Greater German Reich attacks Race-held Poland and fails, resulting in the death of Führer Ernst Kaltenbrunner, his top officials, the nuclear destruction of much of Greater Germany, the removal of Nazi space installations, the German capital being relocated to Flensburg, and Walter Dornberger becoming the new Führer. France regains its independence under a new Fourth Republic. The United States is led by President Earl Warren. The Soviet Union is ruled by ex-Foreign Commissar Vyacheslav Molotov.

## Technology

The Race's initial invasion has benefited the technology of humanity. With the end to the second round of fighting, alien technology is being rapidly absorbed by humanity. Although the Race remains superior in technology, it is swiftly losing ground as human technology advances.
By the end of Colonization: Aftershocks, the United States and the Greater German Reich already have spacecraft floating among the asteroid belt. The Americans have also launched two human starships. The Soviet Union, the United States, and the Greater German Reich have established a Moon base, and Germany then the US put a man on Mars.

## Literary criticism and reception

A writer from the Irish Independent called the Colonization series one of the best of Turtledove's works.
# Coccinella trifasciata

Coccinella trifasciata, the three-banded lady beetle, is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae. It has a broad distribution, including North America, Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), Oceania, and Southern Asia.

## Subspecies

These three subspecies belong to the species Coccinella trifasciata:
* Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Mulsant, 1850
* Coccinella trifasciata subversa LeConte, 1854
* Coccinella trifasciata trifasciata Linnaeus, 1758
# Cuatro Grados Norte

Cuatro Grados Norte, four degrees north, is a cultural district located in zone 4 in Guatemala City. It was a project of the municipality to convert this area into an attractive pedestrian area in 2002. Additionally, many green areas were created. Today, the district also features bars, restaurants, shopping and cultural activities and has become one of the city's trendy and open minded areas, competing with Zona Viva in zone 10..
# Clear Creek, Virginia

Clear Creek was an unincorporated community and coal town located in Wise County, Virginia, United States.
# Francis Sampson

Francis Sampson may refer to:
* Francis A. Sampson (1842–1918), American lawyer and historian
* Francis L. Sampson (1912–1996), Catholic priest and U.S. Army officer
* F. S. Sampson, (1814–1854), Presbyterian minister and academic
# Citebase

Citebase Search was an experimental, semi-autonomous citation index for free, online research literature created at the University of Southampton as part of the Open Citation Project. It harvested open access e-prints (most author self-archived) from OAI-PMH compliant archives, parses and links their references and indexes the metadata in a Xapian-based search engine. Citebase went live in 2005 and ceased operation in 2013.
More than three-quarters of the papers indexed were author self-archived in the ArXiv archive, which includes physics, maths and computer science. Some (published) biomedical papers were indexed from BioMed Central and PubMed Central.
# Clarice Short

Clarice Short (March 30, 1910 – December 15, 1977) was an American poet and academic.

## Early life and education

Clarice Short was born in Ellinwood, Kansas, and grew up in the Arkansas Ozarks, and later near Taos, New Mexico. She attended the University of Kansas, where she earned her B. A. and M. A., She received her PhD from Cornell University in 1941.

## Career

Short taught in the English department at the University of Utah for 30 years, starting in 1946. At the University of Utah, she published research and gave talks on 19th century literature. She was active in University life, and was elected to the Theater council in 1952. At the University of Utah, an award for excellence in teaching was named after her. Short was president of the Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association from 1965 to 1967.
Her poetry was published in many journals, including the Western Humanities Review, Carolina Quarterly, and Poetry Northwest. Her work was published in the book Images and Impressions with fellow University of Utah professors and poets Ed Leuders and Brewster Ghiselin.
There are two published collections of Short's poetry. She published The Old One and the Wind in 1973. Later, Emma Lou Thayne, whom Short had taught in 1970, became Short's literary executor. Thayne helped bring Short's second collection, The Owl on the Aerial, to posthumous publication, and wrote an introduction for it. The Owl on the Aerial is a collection of forty-five poems, and it also contains a portrait of the poet drawn from her diaries by Barbara Duree, who selected the poems and produced the book.

## Reviews and criticism

Reviewers of the poems in Short's first volume, The Old One and the Wind, saw the influence of Robert Frost. In his review of The Owl and the Aerial, poet Jim Elledge says the poems have a mystic quality. Roscoe L. Buckland of Western Washington University calls Clarice Short "a poet of the first rank." He comments on the poems' technical quality, and compares her nature poems to Thoreau. He says her human portraits have the sadness and sympathy of Keats or Edward Arlington Robinson. Short is the subject of Emma Lou Thayne's article "Clarice Short: Earthly Academic" in the Association for Mormon Letters "AML Annual 1994, vol.1, p. 132.

## Poetry collections

* The Old One and the Wind, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1973.
* The Owl on the Aerial, Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1990.
# A History of the Future (novel)

A History of the Future is the third installment in American author and social critic James Howard Kunstler's A World Made by Hand series. As Christmas Day approaches, a double murder challenges an improvised justice system, and a young man returns after a two-year journey with his own story to tell.
It is the third book in a novel series that includes The Witch of Hebron (2010) and The Harrows of Spring (2016).
# Cray House

Cray House may refer to:

## in the United States

* Cray House (Stevensville, Maryland), listed on the NRHP
* Lorin Cray House, Mankato, Minnesota, listed on the NRHP
# Castle Ditches

Castle Ditches is the site of an Iron Age trivallate hillfort in the south-east of Tisbury parish in Wiltshire, England.
It is probable that its ancient name was Spelsbury; it was referred to as Willburge in Tisbury's charter of 984 A.D. Its shape is roughly triangular, and follows the contours of the small hill upon which it sits. The earthworks comprise a triple row of ramparts and ditches, now covered on three sides by woodland. There is a large entrance towards the south-east, where there is the shallowest incline of the hill; but there is also a narrow slit on the opposite side. The area within the site encompasses nearly 24 acres (9.7 ha), and the greatest height of the ramparts is about 40 feet (12 m).
Castle Ditches was recorded as a Scheduled Monument in 1932.

## Location

The site is at grid reference ST964282, about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) south-east of Tisbury village. The hill has a summit of 193m AOD and overlooks the valley of the River Nadder to the north. Public footpaths surround the site, but the land is privately owned.
# Cyperus medusaeus

Cyperus medusaeus is a species of sedge that is native to an area of eastern Africa.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Emilio Chiovenda in 1928.
# Cite Black Women

Cite Black Women is a campaign that aims to "rethink the politics of knowledge production" by encouraging the citation of Black women, particularly in academic fields. It was founded in 2017 by Christen A. Smith, an associate professor of African and African diaspora studies and anthropology at the University of Texas at Austin, after a presenter at a conference she attended had plagiarized from a book she had written. Smith made a t-shirt with the words Cite Black Women and began wearing it to conferences, eventually offering the shirts for sale at a meeting of the National Women's Studies Association and selling out of them within 24 hours. Proceeds from the shirts were donated to the Winnie Mandela School in Salvador, Bahia Brazil. In 2018, Smith started a podcast with the same name. As of July 2020, she continued to sell the shirts and donate the proceeds.

## Organization

Cite Black Women is both a collective, as well as a hashtag campaign #CiteBlackWomen and #CiteBlackWomen Sunday.

## Goals

Cite Black Women has five core resolutions:
* Read the works of Black women;
* Integrate Black women into the core of your syllabus (in life and in the classroom);
* Acknowledge Black women's intellectual production;
* Make space for Black women to speak;
* Give Black women the space and time to breathe.
The campaign is intended to address the underrepresentation of Black women in academia.
# Jacob F. Field

Jacob Franz Field (born 1983) is an English historian of the early modern period and author. He has written several works of popular history as well as an account of the impact of the Great Fire of London.

## Early life

Jacob Field was born in Lambeth, south London, in 1983. He studied modern history at the University of Oxford after which he undertook postgraduate study at Newcastle University, receiving his MLitt there in 2005. In 2005 he was awarded an Arts and Humanities Research Council grant to research and write his doctoral thesis on the socio-economic impact of the Great Fire of London for which he received his PhD from Newcastle in 2008.

## Career

Field joined the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure at the University of Cambridge in 2008 where he researched Britain's occupational structure from the 14th to 19th centuries with particular reference to women's work and domestic service. In 2012 he moved to New Zealand, where he taught economic history at Massey University and the University of Waikato. He returned to England in 2016 where he began to work at the University of Cambridge on a research project examining the historical occupational structure of London.
He has written several popular history books and is best known for One Bloody Thing After Another: The World's Gruesome History. The inclusion of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's 1971 rallying-call for Bangladeshi independence in We Shall Fight on the Beaches: The Speeches That Inspired History attracted attention as it was the first time the speech had been published in book form. His PhD dissertation has also been adapted into book form as London, Londoners and the Great Fire of 1666: Disaster and Recovery (2017).

## Selected publications

* One Bloody Thing After Another: The World's Gruesome History. Michael O'Mara Books, London, 2012.
* We Shall Fight on the Beaches: The Speeches That Inspired History. Michael O'Mara Books, London, 2013.
* D-Day in Numbers: The facts behind Operation Overlord. Michael O'Mara Books, London, 2014.
* London, Londoners and the Great Fire of 1666: Disaster and Recovery. Routledge, London, 2017. (Routledge Research in Early Modern History)
# Charlotte de Lannoy

Charlotte de Lannoy (d. September 1626) was a French court official. She served as Première dame d'honneur to the queen of France, Anne of Austria, from 1624 until 1626.

## Life

Charlotte de Lannoy was the daughter of Christophe, seigneur de Lannoy, gouverneur de Montreuil.
She was appointed to the head of queen Anne's household by Cardinal de Richelieu, to whom she was loyal, and her appointment was therefore not well seen by the queen. de Lannoy, who was described as a "respectable matron", was in service during the famous incident during the journey of the court to the coast in 1625, when the queen was famously courted by George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, a courtship which de Lannoy attempted to prevent and left a report on to the king.
# Columbia, Tuscarawas County, Ohio

Columbia is an unincorporated community in Franklin Township, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, United States. It is located near Strasburg, Parral, and Dover. Despite being in Franklin Township, Columbia uses Dover's Zip Code, 44622.
# Gauruncus argillus

Gauruncus argillus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Loja Province, Ecuador.
The wingspan is 19.5 mm.

## Etymology

The species name refers to the whitish hindwings and is derived from Latin argillus (meaning potters clay).
# Glenea moutrouzieri

Glenea moutrouzieri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1865.
# Croatia at the 2021 Summer World University Games

Croatia competed at the 2021 Summer World University Games in Chengdu, China held from 28 July to 8 August 2023.

## Medal summary
### Medal by sports

| Rank | Sports | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Taekwondo | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (1 entries) | Totals (1 entries) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

### Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Day |
| Bronze | Josip Bilić Pavlinović | Taekwondo | Men's 87 kg | 3 August |
# Chlorida inexpectata

Chlorida inexpectata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ubirajara Martins, Maria Helena Galileo and Francisco Limeira-De-Oliveira in 2011. The species epithet is derived from the Latin inexpectatus ("not expected"). It is known from Brazil.
The total length of the type specimen is 14.4 mm; the prothorax length is 4.3 mm; the greater prothorax width is 7.1 mm; the elytral length is 17.9 mm; and the humeral width is 7.1 mm.
# Cyperus matagoroensis

Cyperus matagoroensis is a species of sedge that is native to south eastern parts of Africa.
# Cirrhilabrus katoi

Cirrhilabrus katoi is a species of wrasse native to Japan. It is found in groups at depths from 20 to 40 m (66 to 131 ft).

## Etymology

The specific name honours Shoichi Kato, who collected the type specimen.

## Description

It has been described as having 11 total dorsal spines and 25 vertebrae. It can reach a standard length of 7.5 cm (3.0 in).
# Jacques de Lamberville

Jacques de Lamberville (1641 – 18 April 1710?) was a Jesuit missionary and the younger brother of Jean de Lamberville, also a missionary. He came to New France from France at the age of 34 and became part of the Iroquois missions. There, his most famous convert was Kateri Tekakwitha.

## Life

Jacques de Lamberville was born at Rouen in 1641. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1661, and taught at a number of colleges in France. In 1675 he proceeded to Canada and labored almost uninterruptedly on the Iroquois missions until his death. He instructed and baptized the Algonquin captive, Catherine Tegakwitha. Her family opposed her conversion. Eventually, with the help Lamberville and a letter of introduction, she and other converted Mohawks travelled to reach the St. Francis Xavier Mission at Sault St. Louis across from Montreal. Although he spent a year with his brother Jean among the Onondagas. Jacques worked principally among the Mohawks from 1675 to 1678; and then among the Onondagas until 1686.
During Governor Denonville's campaign against the Seneca in 1687, Lamberville served as chaplain to the garrison at Fort Cataracoui. His brother was there as well, since after Denonville's betrayal of the Iroquois sachems it became impossible for the priests to continue to work at the missions. Jean Lamberville occasionally travelled to Fort Conti at the mouth of the Niagara River. Jacques was appointed to teach at the Jesuit college in Quebec. In 1689 he was among the Mohawk at Sault-Saint-Louis, and in 1692 he was at Montreal.
Like his elder brother, he lived among the Iroquois during a period when the rivalry of the French and English to secure the alliance of that nation endangered the lives of the missionaries. His brother having returned to France due to poor health, in 1701, the sixty year old Lamberville returned to the mission among the Onondaga at their request, only to leave in 1709 through the intrigues of Abraham Schuyler, who instigated drunken Indians to burn the chapel and the priest's residence while Lamberville was away on a trip to Montreal. He then went to Cayuga, but in 1709 when war broke out, he went to Montreal, where he took on the management of the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal.
Charlevoix says he was "one of the holiest missionaries of New France".
Lamberville died in Montreal 1710.