OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clip-on tie

A clip-on tie is a bow tie or necktie which is permanently tied, and worn by attaching it to the front of the shirt collar by a clip. Alternately, especially in the case of bow ties, the tie may have a band around the neck fastened with a hook and eye.

## Reasons for use

The following are some reasons that this style of tie may be used:
* Tightly tied standard neckties may be a source of irritation and discomfort.
* Some people, particularly children, do not know how to tie a standard necktie, or do not feel comfortable tying one.
* Some persons with disabilities may be physically incapable of tying a tie, or only capable of it with extreme difficulty.
* Police officers and security guards often wear clip-ons as a precaution against being strangled by a pulled necktie. (With uniform, a tie clip may be used to keep the tie from "flying" in the wind.)
* Some schools require clip-on ties as part of their uniform instead of regular ties as this keeps students from loosening them in hot weather.
* A clip-on tie can be put on more quickly than a conventional necktie.
* A clip-on tie is used as a safety precaution in a manufacturing setting to avoid neck injury due to machine entanglement.
# 8.8 cm SK C/25 naval gun

The 8.8 cm SK C/25 was a German naval gun intended as a heavy anti-aircraft gun on the capital ships of the Reichsmarine.

## Description

In order to replace the obsolete 8.8 cm SK L/45 anti-aircraft gun, the Reichsmarine started to develop a new gun in 1925. It was intended to arm the new Königsberg-class light cruisers with the weapon, and also the new heavy cruiser (Panzerschiff) Deutschland. The first ship to receive the new guns was the light cruiser Köln in 1930. During trials the gun was found not to be satisfactory and hence not installed on other ships. In 1931 the guns were removed from Köln.
Two guns were mounted in a dual Gun carriage (Doppel Lafette) C/25. The gun carriage was designed to incorporate two novelties : the mounting was stabilised against rolling and pitching, and the guns were directed using a Fire-control system. The fuse-setting mechanism and the stabilisation were installed centrally on the mounting, causing the barrels of the battery to be mounted too far from the center, which caused too much vibration and inaccuracy when the guns were fired. It was also discovered that two axis stabilisation was insufficient for accurate targeting of aircraft. Both problems were tackled with the subsequent gun carriage C/31 which mounted the 8.8 cm SK C/31 and its improved version the gun carriage C/32 which mounted the 8.8 cm SK C/32.
# Chokaa Islands

Chokaa Islands (Visiwa vya Chokaa, in Swahili) is an island and a set of islets located in Kisiju ward of Mkuranga District in southern Pwani Region of Tanzania.
# Frank M. and Annie G. Covert House

The Frank M. and Annie G. Covert House is a historic home in the Hyde Park Historic District in Austin, Texas, United States. It is also a part of the Shadow Lawn Historic District, a subdivision within the Hyde Park neighborhood established by Hyde Park founder Monroe M. Shipe.
The building was completed near the turn of the 20th century by local real estate broker and auto dealer Frank Covert. Like other homes in the neighborhood, it includes an eclectic combination of styles, including a Queen Anne form and Romanesque and Classical Revival details. The house features irregular massing, a two-story wraparound veranda and masonry construction, unusual in Hyde Park.
According to information compiled by Peter Flagg Maxson, architectural historian, the Covert House had many owners in the 20th century. Under the Sassman ownership (1917–1945) it was rented out to, among others, Robert Winslow and the House of the Holy Infancy, a home for unwed mothers.
In the 1970s the Covert House was acquired by several families, who tried group living there. After a period of some neglect, the property was acquired by Dr. John and Ann Horan, who beautifully restored it. It has since been sold on to another person.
The house is located at 3912 Avenue G, across from the Page-Gilbert House. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
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# Colin Berry

Colin Derrick Berry (born 29 January 1946) is a British radio disc jockey, presenter and newsreader, best known for his many years at BBC Radio 2.

## Career
### Early years

Berry began his radio career reading news on Radio Caroline in 1965. Before that he had performed administrative duties at Granada Television and Westward Television and went on to do similar for Radio Caroline. After the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act 1967 came into force Berry spent time with more administrative duties for the newly opened Yorkshire Television while working as a club DJ, moving on to work in record promotion, and BBC Radio Medway as a Saturday afternoon presenter. He also spent the summer of 1971 as an announcer for HTV.
Berry had a brief stint with BBC Radio 1 writing and presenting programme trails, before joining BBC Radio 2 as an announcer/presenter in 1973, where he stayed on the staff for thirty-three years, presenting Night Ride, The Late Show, Music Through Midnight, European Pop Jury, Band Parade, The Early Show, You & The Night & The Music and countless other shows and concerts. He also deputised for most of the main daytime presenters, including Terry Wogan, Jimmy Young and David Hamilton. During this lengthy period Berry presented programmes for BFBS, and also Inflight Productions for which he remains on the list of presenters.
Berry was the UK spokesman for the Eurovision Song Contest for many years, reading out the country's voting results. This was a role he held between 1977 and 2002, with the exceptions of 1980 and 1998. He was also the stand-by television commentator, in case the line of Terry Wogan was lost. This never happened, though it nearly did on one occasion, just 30 seconds before the show began.
Berry also appeared on other shows including The Generation Game, Blankety Blank and Bargain Hunt.

### Freelance

After going freelance in 2006, Berry continued reading the news on Radio 2 until September 2012, when big changes occurred resulting in the majority of Radio 2 news summaries being read by journalists. His last bulletin was at 3am on 8 September 2012. Having presented late night Saturdays on BBC Three Counties Radio from 2004, during 2009 and 2010 Berry presented a weekly show for BBC Local Radio across the Eastern Counties - The Saturday Club: 6 to 9pm, playing music from the 1960s and 1970s. Until 2019, he had an occasional series for BBC Three Counties Radio - A Little Light Music, along with other music shows on or around bank holidays. He has also been heard periodically on The Vintage Top 40 Show on various BBC local stations at 5pm on Sundays.
Berry was the regular cover for Richard Spendlove's long-running music and phone-in show on BBC local radio in the east and south-east of England on Saturday nights for a few years until his final show on 29 April 2017.
He is represented by BigFish Media for his voiceover work.
# Jal Satyagraha

The Jal Satyagraha protest in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh, India, was a protest in 2015 by residents of Gogalgaon village, and neighboring hamlets, that involves them remaining immersed in the waters of the Narmada River, as the government has not yet rehabilitated them as promised. It was a part of Narmada Bachao Andolan
# GAPDHS

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogenic or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GAPDHS gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family of enzymes that play an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. Like its somatic cell counterpart, this sperm-specific enzyme functions in a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent manner to remove hydrogen and add phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to form 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. During spermiogenesis, this enzyme may play an important role in regulating the switch between different energy-producing pathways, and it is required for sperm motility and male fertility.
In melanocytic cells GAPDHS gene expression may be regulated by MITF.

## Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
* ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534".
# Geake

Geake is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Helen Geake (born 1967), British archaeologist
* John E. Geake (1925–1998), British astronomer
** 9298 Geake, main-belt asteroid named after John E. Geake
# Cheltenham Cricket Club

Cheltenham Cricket Club is an English amateur cricket club based in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire first envisioned in 1891. It played its first game on 21 June 1897 against a picked XI of WG Grace. The club's first team plays in the West of England Premier League which is an accredited ECB Premier League, the highest level for recreational club cricket in England and Wales. It has also been a Ladies Hockey Club in 1899, tennis club in 1912 and training area for the armed forces during World War I. It hosted County Championship cricket matches, from 1923 until 1937, and junior cricket since 1921.
Cheltenham have won the ECB National Club Cricket Championship twice, in 1970 and 1978, and been the premier league champions on one occasion, in 2004. Prior to the formation of the WEPL, Cheltenham competed in the Western League, winning that league three times in four seasons between 1989 and 1992. The club have also won the Gloucestershire County Knock-out Cup on two occasions.
During the 1920s and 1930s, Cheltenham's Victoria Ground was a regular venue for first-class matches involving Gloucestershire, but since that time it has only hosted a single first-class fixture, when Gloucestershire played the Indian tourists in 1986. The ground has also hosted a NatWest Trophy match and two ICC Trophy matches.
# James McLene

James McLene (October 11, 1730 – March 18, 1806) was an American farmer and political leader from Franklin County, Pennsylvania. He was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress in 1779 and 1780.

## Biography

At the state level, McLene served as a delegate to the Pennsylvania state constitutional convention in 1776 and again in 1789, a number of terms in the state legislature, and briefly as Speaker, during the British occupation of Philadelphia. Following his terms in the Continental Congress, he served on Pennsylvania's Supreme Executive Council until the conclusion of the war.
His early efforts at the Carpenter's Hall Council (Philadelphia, 1776), shortly before the signing of the Declaration of Independence, were instrumental in marshaling Pennsylvania's resolve to support the Flying Camp of the Continental Army.

## Death and interment

McLene died in Antrim Township in Franklin County on March 18, 1806 and was buried in the Brown's Mill Graveyard there.
# Cunhinga

Cunhinga is a town and municipality in Bié Province in Angola. The municipality had a population of 73,826 in 2014.

## History

During the colonial period, the town was called Vouga.
# Chokan

Chokan may refer to:
* Chōkan, an era in Japanese history
* Chokan Valikhanov (1835–1865), first Kazakh scholar, ethnographer and historian
# Colletotrichum paspali

Colletotrichum paspali is a falcate-spored graminicolous plant pathogenic fungi species, first isolated from warm-season grasses.
# Courts of Georgia (U.S. state)

Courts of Georgia include:

## State courts of Georgia

Federal courts located in Georgia
* United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (headquartered in Atlanta, having jurisdiction over the United States District Courts of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia)
* United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
* United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia
* United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia
Former federal courts of Georgia
# Jalan Kulim–Mahang

Jalan Kulim–Mahang, Federal Route 169 (formerly Kedah state route K115), is a federal road in Kedah, Malaysia.
At most sections, the Federal Route 169 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

## List of junctions

| Junctions | To | Remarks |
| Kulim Kelang Lama | North FT 136 Lunas FT 136 Padang Serai FT 136 Kuala Ketil Butterworth–Kulim Expressway FT 4 AH140 Butterworth–Kulim Expressway Butterworth Penang Baling West FT 254 Bukit Mertajam FT 1 Butterworth Penang Bridge Penang South FT 136 Serdang FT 136 Bandar Baharu FT 136 Parit Buntar | T-junctions |
| Kulim Heights | | |
| Kulim Hi-Tech | FT 3053 Jalan Kulim Hi-Tech North Baling South Kelang Lama | Junctions |
| Kulim Hi-Tech | | |
| Kelang Baharu | | |
| Jalan Bikan | North K166 Jalan Bikan Bikan Labu Besar | T-junctions |
| Kampung Banggol Penyengat | | |
| Sungai Badak | East K166 Jalan Bikan Sedim | |
| Kampung Dingin | | |
| Jalan Mahang–Selama | South FT 170 Jalan Mahang–Selama Selama | T-junctions |
| Mahang | | |
# DVD X Copy

DVD X Copy is a consumer software program that enabled novice computer users to copy any DVD movie to any blank DVD. Most commercial DVD movies include Content Scrambling System (CSS), a copy-protection technology designed to prevent DVD movies from being copied. This controversial DVD copy software program included technology that decrypts the CSS copy protection mechanism on DVD movie discs. DVD X Copy products are still being sold on the DVD X Copy website, although it was previously believed to be no longer sold or supported.
This DVD copy software program was created by 321 Studios. The DVDXCopy product line included DVD X Copy, DVD X Copy Xpress, DVD X Copy Gold and DVD X Copy Platinum. DVD X Copy Xpress enabled consumers to make a perfect "1Click DVD copy" of any DVD movie in under 30 minutes. The product upgrade path to the premium priced DVD X Copy Platinum provided advanced features that give users increased control over the DVD backup process. The highly popular DVD X Copy line of products were sold through major North American and International retailers and online via the official website.

## Legal battle

Anticipating a lawsuit by the major Hollywood motion picture studios, in April 2002, 321 Studios filed a pre-emptive complaint against eight Hollywood studios contending that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), a law that prohibits the circumvention of copy protection technology, violates consumer rights as provided in the Fair Use doctrine of the Copyright Act of 1976. The Fair Use doctrine provides individuals with limited rights to copy certain forms of copyrighted material. The complaint named MGM Studios, Tristar Pictures, Columbia Pictures, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Time Warner Entertainment, Disney Enterprises, Inc., Universal City Studios, The Saul Zaentz Company and Pixar as defendants.
In May 2003 seven of the Hollywood studios including MGM Studios, Tristar Pictures, Columbia Pictures, Time Warner Entertainment, Disney, Universal City Studios and The Saul Zaentz Company countersued 321 Studios by filing a series of claims alleging that the DVD X Copy products violated the DMCA.
On February 23, 2004, Judge Susan Illston of the Northern District Federal Court for California ruled that 321 Studios' products violated copyright law and ordered an injunction that prohibited the sale of DVD X Copy products in the United States within seven days of the injunction. 321 Studios proceeded to remove all products from the US retail channel and from the http://www.dvdxcopy.com website. The ruling caused 321 Studios to shut down with the company finally ceasing operations in August 2004.
# Clyde McIntosh

Clyde McIntosh (born 1958) is a retired British boxer and boxing trainer.

## Boxing career

He represented England and won a bronze medal in the 63.5 kg light-welterweight division, at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
McIntosh boxed for the Bell Green ABC and was the ABA light-welterweight runner-up to Tony Adams in 1982.
# Clyde Anton

Clyde Anton was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Columbus Athletic Supply in the National Basketball League and averaged 1.4 points per game during 1937–38.
# Cunhãmati River

The Cunhãmati River is a river of Ceará state in eastern Brazil.
# Christ Bearing the Cross

Christ Bearing the Cross is a painting in tempera attributed to the Greek painter Nikolaos Tzafouris. Tzafouris is considered one of the founding members of the Cretan School along with Andreas Ritzos, Andreas Pavias, and Angelos Akotantos. He was influenced by Angelos Akotantos. According to the Institute of Neohellenic Research, thirteen paintings are attributed to Tzafouris. Active between 1480 and 1501, Tzafouris had a workshop in Heraklion, where he painted religious themes for local churches. His most notable works are the Madre della Consolazione and Christ Bearing the Cross.
The painting is a mixture of Italian and Greek Byzantine prototypes; it follows the traditional maniera greca and was influenced by Venetian painting. Christ Bearing the Cross is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

## Description

The work is painted in egg tempera with gold leaf on wood with dimensions of 69.2 cm (27.25 in) x 54.6 cm (21.5 in). The icon was finished towards the end of the 15th century. Christ is shown carrying a cross. The scene is the traditional Golgotha portion of the Crucifixion sequence. The soldiers on the right are dressed in armor modeled after Venetian attire, while the soldiers on the left of the painting wear Byzantine- or Cretan-styled armor.
The soldiers' attire is painted in exquisite detail. The Italian Renaissance painting style closely resembles the sfumato technique. The artist is trying to escape the typical flattened surface prevalent within the Byzantine-influenced maniera greca. Tzafouris attempts to create the illusion of a foreground and a background. The gilded background further accentuates the figures and landscape. The geometric shape of the mountain is reminiscent of Michael Damaskinos's Adoration of the Kings. The painting features Latin and Greek inscriptions. There are five icons signed by the author that survived; Christ Bearing the Cross is one of them.

## Gallery

* Damaskenos's Adoration of the Kings
* Cimabue Christ Mocked
# Generation Yes (Scotland)

Generation Yes was a political organisation established to campaign for a yes vote amongst young voters in the referendum on Scottish Independence. It was established in January 2014 with an official launch two months later.

## History

Generation Yes was founded by Rhiannon Spear and Kirsten Thornton in January 2014. Its main mission was to ensure that the arguments for voting yes in the referendum on Scottish Independence reach young voters, especially newly enfranchised 16- and 17-year-olds.
A launch event was held in Glasgow on 29 March 2014. The organisation registered with the Electoral Commission on 8 May 2014.

## Following the referendum

A poll taken after the 2014 referendum showed 71% of teenagers had voted yes. Despite defeat, activists stated that they were proud of the campaign they had led and announced that they intended to continue as a group aiming to engage with and educate young people in politics.
# Clamorosaurus

Clamorosaurus is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian. Fossils of Clamorosaurus have been found in the Inta Formation (Vorkuta series) in Russia. They are dated to about 272.5 million years ago, which was during the Ufimian interval of the Permian.
Clamorosaurus had a skull length of about 23 cm. (9 inches). The vacuities between the pterygoid bones of Clamorosaurus were rounded at the front. The external nares were large. Both of these characteristics are features of all members of Eryopidae.
# Cover (algebra)

In abstract algebra, a cover is one instance of some mathematical structure mapping onto another instance, such as a group (trivially) covering a subgroup. This should not be confused with the concept of a cover in topology.
When some object X is said to cover another object Y, the cover is given by some surjective and structure-preserving map f : X → Y. The precise meaning of "structure-preserving" depends on the kind of mathematical structure of which X and Y are instances. In order to be interesting, the cover is usually endowed with additional properties, which are highly dependent on the context.

## Examples

A classic result in semigroup theory due to D. B. McAlister states that every inverse semigroup has an E-unitary cover; besides being surjective, the homomorphism in this case is also idempotent separating, meaning that in its kernel an idempotent and non-idempotent never belong to the same equivalence class.; something slightly stronger has actually be shown for inverse semigroups: every inverse semigroup admits an F-inverse cover. McAlister's covering theorem generalizes to orthodox semigroups: every orthodox semigroup has a unitary cover.
Examples from other areas of algebra include the Frattini cover of a profinite group and the universal cover of a Lie group.

## Modules

If F is some family of modules over some ring R, then an F-cover of a module M is a homomorphism X→M with the following properties:
* X is in the family F
* X→M is surjective
* Any surjective map from a module in the family F to M factors through X
* Any endomorphism of X commuting with the map to M is an automorphism.
In general an F-cover of M need not exist, but if it does exist then it is unique up to (non-unique) isomorphism.
Examples include:
* Projective covers (always exist over perfect rings)
* flat covers (always exist)
* torsion-free covers (always exist over integral domains)
* injective covers
# DODGE

DODGE (Department of Defense Gravity Experiment) was a satellite whose primary purpose was to conduct experiments in gravity-gradient stabilization at near-geosynchronous altitudes. Its secondary objectives included measuring the Earth's magnetic field, and taking pictures of the entire Earth's disk in both black-and-white and color. It was launched atop a Titan IIIC rocket on July 1, 1967, and operated for over three years. DODGE carried ten knobbed booms oriented along three different axes, that could be independently extended and retracted by ground command.
DODGE first achieved successful stabilization 12 days after launch. It took in 1967 color-filtered black-and-white images, which put together produced the very first color image of the full-disk Earth (ATS-3 often also cited, produced the first non-black-and-white filtered "true-color" image).
# Folsom, Ohio

Folsom is an unincorporated community in Highland County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office was established at Folsom in 1886, and remained in operation until 1905. The community's name honors Frances Folsom Cleveland, First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889.