OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ganda (Chandela dynasty)

Ganda (IAST: Gaṇḍa) was an early 11th century king of the Chandela dynasty of India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region (Bundelkhand in present-day Madhya Pradesh). The exact period of his reign is uncertain, but has been dated approximately as 999-1002 CE.

## Sources of information

No inscriptions issued by Ganda are available, but his name (as Ganda-deva) appears in the following inscriptions issued by his successors:
* Mahoba stone inscription composed of Paramardideva
* Mau stone inscription of Madanavarman
* Ajaygadh rock inscription of Kirttivarman
* Ajaygadh rock inscription issued during the reign of Bhojavarman
The information about Ganda in these inscriptions is not of much historical value. They mostly contain eulogistic descriptions, such as calling him invincible, or stating that he had "the sole lordship of the earth".

## Career

Ganda succeeded Dhanga as the Chandela king. An analysis of the information available about Ganda's successor Vidyadhara suggests that Ganda managed to maintain the territory he inherited. According to the Mau stone inscription, Dhanga's chief minister Prabhasa retained the position during the reign of his successor Ganda. The Ajaygadh inscriptions suggest that a Kayastha named Jajuka was another important official of Ganda.
Until the 1970s, scholars such as R. K. Dikshit assigned the end of Ganda's rule to 1015 CE. However, later, a copper-plate issued by Vidyadhara's queen Satyabhama was discovered at Kundeshwar. This inscription is dated 1004 CE, which proves that Vidyadhara was already ruling in 1004 CE. Based on this, S. K. Sullerey dates the end of Ganda's rule to 1002 CE.
Some earlier historians believed that Ganda ruled until at least 1018 CE. R. K. Dikshit identified Dhanga with the king of Kalanjara who contributed contingents to the Hindu confederacy that was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni at Peshawar in 1008 CE. In 1018 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Kannauj, whose king (possibly Rajyapala) fled the city, allowing the Ghaznvid army to sack it without facing much resistance. According to the later Muslim historians such as Firishta (16th century), Nanda, the king of Khajuraho killed the king of Kannauj as a punishment for his cowardice. Some British-era scholars identified "Nanda" as a misspelling of Ganda. Ali ibn al-Athir (12th century), a Muslim historian earlier than Firishta, named the king of Khajuraho as "Bida", a variant of "Vidya" (that is, Ganda's successor Vidyadhara). The later Muslim historians must have misread this as "Nanda". Moreover, an inscription discovered at Mahoba states that Vidyadhara defeated the ruler of Kannauj. Based on this, it can be inferred that Ganda's reign ended sometime before 1018 CE, when his successor defeated the ruler of Kannauj.
# Ctenopoma kingsleyae

Ctenopoma kingsleyae is a fish in the family Anabantidae found in the coastal rivers from Senegal to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including the Senegal, Volta, Niger, and Congo River basins.
# Ctenoplusia furcifera

Ctenoplusia furcifera is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in south-east Asia and the Pacific, including India, Taiwan, Australia and New Guinea.
# Ctenoplusia dorfmeisteri

Ctenoplusia dorfmeisteri is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in western, central and southern Africa, where it's known from Congo, Nigeria, Gabon, Ghana, South Africa, Mauritius, Réunion and from Yemen.
It has a wingspan of 30 mm.
# Garaya

Garaya may refer to:
* Garaya, genus name, alternative scientific name of the Mesadenella orchid
* Garaya (lute) a Hausa musical instrument in the lute family
# Ctenostomatini

Ctenostomatini is a tribe of tiger beetles in the family Cicindelidae. There are at least two genera and more than 230 described species in Ctenostomatini.

## Genera

These two genera belong to the tribe Ctenostomatini:
* Ctenostoma Klug, 1821 (Central and South America)
* Pogonostoma Klug, 1835 (Madagascar)
# Gareth Evans (geneticist)

Professor D. Gareth R. Evans FRCP FLSW (born May 1959) is a British medical geneticist.
Evans trained at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, specialising in paediatrics in the Army. He then switched to genetics at Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester.
He served as Medical Officer to the Royal Hussars as an RAMC officer between 1984–1986.
From 1990 to 1992 he undertook an MD in cancer genetics developing his career specialisation in neurofibromatosis type 2, while working as a Senior Clinical Research Fellow at Manchester University, later becoming an Honorary Professor of Medical Genetics there, and a Consultant in Medical Genetics and Cancer Epidemiology with the Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust.
He served as chair of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence's Familial Breast Cancer Guideline Development Group from 2002 to 2010, becoming its clinical lead in 2011. He also served as Chief Investigator for two National Institute for Health Research–funded projects on breast cancer prediction from 2009. He is a two term NIHR Senior investigator (now emeritus).
He was co-editor of Risk Assessment and Management in Cancer Genetics.
In 2020, he was elected a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.

## Works

He has published over 1200 articles including more than 1068 peer reviewed articles
* Fiona Lalloo; Bronwyn Kerr; Jan M Friedman; D Gareth Evans, eds. (2005). Risk Assessment and Management in Cancer Genetics. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-852960-6.
# Closing argument

A closing argument, summation, or summing up is the concluding statement of each party's counsel reiterating the important arguments for the trier of fact, often the jury, in a court case. A closing argument occurs after the presentation of evidence. A closing argument may not contain any new information and may only use evidence introduced at trial. It is not customary to raise objections during closing arguments, except for egregious behavior. However, such objections, when made, can prove critical later in order to preserve appellate issues.
In the United States, the plaintiff is generally entitled to open the argument. The defendant usually goes second. The plaintiff or prosecution is usually then permitted a final rebuttal argument. In some jurisdictions, however, this form is condensed, and the prosecution or plaintiff goes second, after the defense, with no rebuttals. Either party may waive their opportunity to present a closing argument.
During closing arguments, counsel may not (among other restrictions) vouch for the credibility of witnesses, indicate their personal opinions of the case, comment on the absence of evidence that they themselves have caused to be excluded, or attempt to exhort the jury to irrational, emotional behavior.
In some countries (e.g. France or Germany), in criminal cases, the defendant's counsel always makes their closing argument last, after the public prosecutor or any other party. Sometimes the defendant is allowed to address the court directly after his or her counsel's closing argument.
In a criminal law case, the prosecution will restate all the evidence which helps prove each element of the offence. In the United States, there are often several limits as to what the prosecution may or may not say, including precluding the prosecution from using a defendant's exercise of his Fifth Amendment right to silence as evidence of guilt. One of the most important restrictions on prosecutors, however, is against shifting the burden of proof, or implying that the defense must put on evidence or somehow prove the innocence of the defendant.
In some cases, a judge's presentation of the jury instruction is also known as summing up. In this case, the judge is merely articulating the law and questions of fact upon which the jury is asked to deliberate.
The purposes and techniques of closing argument are taught in courses on Trial Advocacy. The closing is often planned early in the trial planning process. The attorneys will integrate the closing with the overall case strategy through either a theme and theory or, with more advanced strategies, a line of effort. The prosecution should also state the main points and be sure to give their side of the argument and to be emotional.
# Jan Woodley

Jan Woodley is a Scottish international indoor and lawn bowler.
Jan won the Women's singles at the 1994 World Indoor Bowls Championship defeating Mary Price in the final.
# Castus

Castus is a Latin word meaning clean and pure.
* Lucius Artorius Castus, Roman general
* Castus and Emilius, Roman martyrs and saints
* Castus (rebel), Roman rebel gladiator in the Third Servile War
# AGN-1135

AGN-1135 (also known as racemic rasagiline or as N-propargyl-1-aminoindane) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that was never marketed. It is the racemic form of rasagiline and is a mixture of the R(+)-enantiomer (rasagiline; TVP-1012) and S(–)-enantiomer (TVP-1022). Like rasagiline, AGN-1135 is a selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor. Virtually all of the MAOI activity of AGN-1135 lies in rasagiline, which is several orders of magnitude more potent as an MAO-B inhibitor than the S(–)-enantiomer. In relation to this, enantiopure rasagiline was developed and marketed for use as a pharmaceutical drug rather than AGP-1135.
# AGN-2979

AGN-2979 is a glutarimide tryptophan hydroxylase activation inhibitor. It shows antidepressant properties in rodent models of depression.
# Psathyromyia carpenteri

Psathyromyia carpenteri was first described as Phlebotomus carpenteri in 1953. The species name is dedicated to Col. Stanley Jennings Carpenter, M.S.C., U.S. Army, under whose direction most of the first described specimens were collected.

## Distribution

Psathyromyia carpenteri has been found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, and Yucatan), and Panama.

## Bionomics

Psathyromyia carpenteri has been collected with light traps in ecologically disturbed areas such as acahual and coffee plantations. Some specimens were collected outside of houses, and very few were collected in the evergreen forest. Larval habitat is not known.

## Medical importance

Feeding habits of the adult females are unknown, but collection data suggests that they are not anthropophilic.
# Psammobates

Psammobates is a genus of tortoise erected by Leopold Fitzinger in 1835. This genus contains three species, all of which are indigenous to southern Africa.
The genus name means "sand-loving", and these tortoises typically inhabit the arid and semi-arid areas of southern Africa. Their diets and adaptations for this environment mean that these species do not generally survive outside their habitats and soon die when kept in captivity.
All three species suffer from illegal collecting and habitat destruction, but the geometric tortoise has historically been the worst affected and is now endangered.

## Species

* Geometric tortoise, Psammobates geometricus
* Serrated tortoise, Psammobates oculifer
* Tent tortoise, Psammobates tentorius
** Karoo subspecies, Psammobates tentorius tentorius (type species)
** Namaqualand subspecies, Psammobates tentorius trimeni
** Bushmanland subspecies, Psammobates tentorius verroxii
# Psammobiidae

The Psammobiidae, or sunset clams, are a family of medium-sized saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs of the order Cardiida.
These genera are accepted by the database World Register of Marine Species:
* Asaphis Modeer, 1793
* Gari Schumacher, 1817
* Heterodonax Mörch, 1853
* Heteroglypta Martens in Möbius, 1880
* Nuttallia Dall, 1900
* Psammosphaerica Jousseaume, 1894
* Psammotella Herrmannsen, 1852
* Sanguinolaria Lamarck, 1799
* Soletellina Blainville, 1824
# Remedy Flashboards

Remedy Flashboards is an extension of the Action Request System. Flashboards allows users to define and view graphical representations of data held in the AR System. The name is derived from the resemblance between the standard Flashboard display and the classic speedometer found on the dashboard of an automobile.

## Related entries

* Remedy Corp
* BMC Software
# Charles Mosley

Charles Mosley may refer to:
* Charles Mosley (coach) (1888–1968), American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach
* Charles Mosley (genealogist) (1948–2013), British author and editor of genealogies
* Chuck Mosley (1958–2017), American singer-songwriter
# Karpovskaya (disambiguation)

* Karpovskaya
* Karpovskaya, Vytegorsky District, Vologda Oblast
* Karpovskaya, Tarnogsky District, Vologda Oblast
* Karpovskaya, Yavengskoye Rural Settlement, Vozhegodsky District, Vologda Oblast
# Firefly (Archie Comics)

Firefly is a superhero created by Harry Shorten and Bob Wood for MLJ Comics in 1940. He first appeared in Top-Notch Comics #8. Artist Warren King and writer Joe Blair loaned their talents to many of the Firefly's installments.

## Publication history

The Firefly was the fourth superhero launched by MLJ in the eighth issue of their title Top-Notch Comics. He was a mainstay in Top-Notch Comics until its 28th issue, when MLJ changed its format from a superhero book to a humor book.
The popularity of superheroes waned in the late 1940s. The Firefly has had very few appearances since, although when he did briefly reappear during the sixties in The Mighty Crusaders #4 he had gained the ability to glow brightly like his namesake. As part of the team the character reappeared in the 2000s Archie's Weird Mysteries #3 and 14 and Tales From Riverdale Digest #27.

## Fictional character biography

The Firefly's real name is Harley Hudson, an entomologist and chemist. He discovers that insects can lift masses greater than their own weight not because of the square–cube law but because of their ability to coordinate their muscles. He teaches himself to coordinate his muscles as insects do and finds himself able to perform amazing feats. He then dons a costume and calls himself the Firefly. Thus, the Firefly, similar to the Black Hood, another MLJ superhero, does not possess any real superpowers but is merely a man possessing great physical and mental prowess due to his natural abilities.
Hudson's romantic interest is Joan Burton, a newspaper reporter. Her occupation was common for female characters in MLJ comics. Barbara Sutton, the romantic interest for the Black Hood, and Jane Barlowe, the romantic interest for the Wizard, were both newspaper reporters.
His recurring enemies are Dr. Dread, the Mummy and the Dervish.

## Impact Comics

Firefly would also appear as part of the Crusaders published in the 1990s by DC Comics' imprint Impact Comics. The character was armed with a flamethrower.

## Dark Circle Comics

The Firely was a featured character in The Mighty Crusaders, first released in December 2017 under the Archie Comics imprint Dark Circle Comics. The series ran for four issues.
# Ceromitia leptosticta

Ceromitia leptosticta is a moth of the family Adelidae. It is found in Australia within both the Australian Capital Territory and Queensland.
# James Veitch (minister)

James Veitch (1808–1879) was a minister of the Church of Scotland and noted astronomer and geologist. A traditionalist, he resisted all innovations within the church (such as reintroduction of iconography in stained glass, and the use of church organs). Ironically, in bequeathing most of his monies to the church, much was then used to "modernise" the church structure.

## Life

He was born at Inchbonny near Jedburgh on 27 April 1808 one of at least seven children of Betty Robson and her husband, James Miller Veitch, a ploughwright. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh. His father made telescopes and this evolved into Veitch and his brothers being keen astronomers.
He was ordained as minister of Galashiels in August 1830. He translated to the collegiate section of St Cuthbert's Church, Edinburgh in March 1843 in place of Rev David Dickson in the mids of the ministry (at "first charge") of Rev John Paul.
The University of Edinburgh awarded him an honorary Doctor of Divinity (DD) in 1854. He was convener of the Indian Mission for many years.
He lived his final years at 8 Merchiston Park in west Edinburgh.
He fell ill in 1877 and died on 11 April 1879 aged 70. He was buried in Jedburgh Abbey with his family. He is also memorialised in Grange Cemetery in Edinburgh. In his will he left all his monies to the church and parish. This in part paid for the major rebuild of the church in 1890.
His position in St Cuthbert's was filled by James Barclay.

## Publications

* Reasons Against Affiliating our Christian Missions to the Secular System of Government Education in India (1857)
* The Effifacy of Prayer (1865)
# 2003–04 Manhattan Jaspers basketball team

The 2003–04 Manhattan Jaspers basketball team represented Manhattan College during the 2003–04 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Jaspers, led by head coach Bobby Gonzalez, played their home games at Draddy Gymnasium and were members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. They finished the season 25–6, 16–2 in MAAC play to win the league regular season title. They were champions of the MAAC tournament to earn an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Playing as the No. 12 seed in the East Rutherford region, Manhattan upset No. 5 seed Florida in the opening round before pushing No. 4 seed Wake Forest to the brink before falling, 84–80.

## Schedule and results

| Date time, TV | Rank$^#$ | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site (attendance) city, state |
| Regular season ||||||
| Dec 17, 2003* | | at No. 19 Syracuse | L 63–69 | 3–2 | Carrier Dome Syracuse, New York |
| MAAC tournament ||||||
| Mar 7, 2004* | | vs. Saint Peter's Semifinals | W 83–72 | 23–5 | Times Union Center Albany, New York |
| Mar 8, 2004* | | vs. Niagara Championship game | W 62–61 | 24–5 | Times Union Center Albany, New York |
| NCAA tournament ||||||
| Mar 18, 2004* | (12 ATL) | vs. (5 ATL) Florida First Round | W 75–60 | 25–5 | RBC Center Raleigh, North Carolina |
| Mar 20, 2004* | (12 ATL) | vs. (4 ATL) No. 17 Wake Forest Second Round | L 80–84 | 25–6 | RBC Center Raleigh, North Carolina |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP Poll, (#) during NCAA Tournament is seed within region MW=Midwest. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Eastern Time. ||||||
# Charles Newman (judge)

Charles William Frank Newman is a British Judge and member of the Judicial Appointments Commission.
Newman was admitted as a solicitor in 1972 and appointed Registrar of the County Court in 1987. He has served as Chair of the District Judges IT Working Group and is currently a member of the Judicial Advisory Group for IT. Until January 2006, he was a member of the Deputy District Judge Selection Panel and Chair of the Quality Review Group for that competition. From January 2006, Newman was a member of the Judicial Appointments Commission as a representative for the judiciary. On 1 August 2018, Newman retired from the District Bench.
# Clarence Coe

Clarence Coe may refer to:
* Clarence S. Coe (1865–1939), American master bridge builder and railroad civil engineer
* Clarence Clinton Coe (1864–1936), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
* Clarence E. Coe (1873–1943), early settler in Palms, California and a member of the Los Angeles City Council
# Clarence Clough Buel

Clarence Clough Buel (July 29, 1850 in Laona, New York – May 22, 1933 in North Tarrytown, New York) was a United States editor and author, most notable for his work with Robert Underwood Johnson to produce the 1887 book Battles and Leaders of the Civil War and its predecessors.

## Biography

Buel was connected with the New York Tribune from 1875 to 1881, when he joined the staff of Century Magazine, and, in 1883, in conjunction with Robert Underwood Johnson, began the editing of the Century articles on the American Civil War. These articles were afterward expanded and compiled into the book Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (1887). He was associate editor of Century Magazine 1909-13, advisory editor until May 1914.
Buel attended the University of Minnesota, the University of Berlin, and the University of Munich. He married Mary Alice Snow in 1888; she died in 1898, and in 1903 he married Maria Victoria Torrilhon.
# Flag of Gmina Kołobrzeg

The flag of the Gmina Kołobrzeg, Kołobrzeg County, located in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, was adopted in 2007.

## Design

The flag of Gmina Kołobrzeg is divided into five fields. The top filed is a red horizontal stripe with the height six time bigger than the other files. All remaining fields consists of four wavy stripes of equal height, whose colours alternate between white and blue colours. In the top red stripe, on the left, is placed a top half of a sun with seven sunshine rays, positioned to look like its bottom half would be hidden behind bottom stripes. The flag is meant to resemble the sun dust on the horizon over the sea. It symbolizes the tourism, fishery and farming industries. The proportions of the flag have aspect ratio of height to width ratio equal 5:8.

## History

The flag had been adopted on 11 January 2007.
# Charli Howard

Charlotte "Charli" Howard (born 6 April 1991) is an English model, author and body activist. She is from South-East London, England. She is an activist for diversity within the fashion industry. In September 2019, she was announced as the presenter of new BBC podcast Fashion Fix, a podcast about the fashion industry.

## Modelling

Howard has worked for numerous brands and fashion campaigns, including Maybelline, Redken, British Vogue, Allure magazine and Pat McGrath. She is one of the faces of Pat McGrath's beauty line and considered a "McGrath Muse".
Howard had tried to model in her teens, but was rejected by numerous agencies. At 21, she was signed to a London-based agency after her friend submitted her Facebook photos without her knowledge.
In 2015, Howard was dropped by her then-London model agency for allegedly being "too big" to model. In response, she wrote a lengthy Facebook post that subsequently went viral, with thousands of shares, and appeared on Channel 4 news to share her side of the story. Upon hearing about the post, New York-based model agency Muse Management signed her, and Howard moved to New York.
Howard is considered a "plus size" model, despite only being a UK size 10-12/US 6-8. In an interview with Hello! magazine, Howard is quoted as saying, "I've got a D cup boob, I've got a size 10 to 12 hip - well, a 12 probably - and I've got a tummy that never seems to go away, no matter how many sit-ups I do... I'm curvy, but I know that I'm not a plus-size model and I've not given myself that term. That's what other people label me."
In January 2019, Howard was announced as the new face of global lingerie brand, Agent Provocateur.

## Books

Howard published two books in 2018: Splash, a novel about issues such as bullying, friendships and body image, and Misfit, a memoir about Howard's battles with eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety. She told the Guardian newspaper that she wishes to “create strong literary characters for girls” in her books. Misfit was published in February 2018 by Penguin Random House.
Howard's first children's novel, Splash, was published in July 2018. In an interview with Hello! Fashion Monthly magazine, Howard said that she wrote the book "to pass the time". Author Jacqueline Wilson described Splash as a "much-needed book that will strike a chord with so many girls - and help them dare to be different."
# Claire Weisz

Claire Weisz is an architect and co-founder of the firm WXY who have been involved in significant elements of redesigning New York City's built landscape.
Weisz was recognized by Architectural Record with the Women in Architecture Award and won American Institute of Architects's New York chapter's 2018 Medal of Honor. Weisz and her work was also featured in the 2022 book, The Women Who Changed Architecture.
Weisz grew up in Alberta and was a co-founder of the Design Trust for Public Space and as of 2019 was a City College professor. Prior academic roles included Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at NYU.