OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charmer (folklore)

Charmers were English practitioners of a specific kind of folk magic, specialising in supernatural healing. Other folk magic traditions include those of the cunning folk, the toad doctors and the girdle-measurers.
The charming tradition is quite distinct from others, being based either on the charmer's possession of inherent healing ability by 'laying on of hands', or ownership of an object that had healing properties or possession of a charm or charms in verse, typically deriving from Biblical sources genuine or apocryphal.
The latter is the most common source of healing power among charmers.
Charmers differ from cunning folk in two principal ways. They usually refused to charge a fee for their services (even refusing verbal thanks) though they did accept gifts in kind. They also did not attempt to heal those who believed themselves to be suffering from the effects of witchcraft or demonic possession. They restricted themselves to healing natural ailments, such as snakebite, toothache or burns. They would occasionally augment their charming with herbalism.
    "There was no ambiguity about what charmers did. They were merely custodians of a God-given gift, not masters of equivocal magical forces. Consequently, people did not prosecute charmers as they did cunning-folk: there was little to accuse them of, as they imposed no charges and they did not provide faulty diagnoses since they did not diagnose."
# Chaudière

Chaudière may refer to:

## Places
### Canada

* Chaudière River, a tributary of the Saint Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada
* Chaudière River (Normandin River), a tributary of the Normandin River, in Lac-Ashuapmushuan, Quebec
* Chaudière Falls on the Ottawa River between Ottawa, Ontario, and Gatineau, Québec
* Chaudière Bridge, crossing the Ottawa River at the Chaudière Falls

### France

* La Chaudière, a village and commune in the Drôme département of south-eastern France

## Ships

* HMCS Chaudière (H99) of the Royal Canadian Navy (1943–1946)
* HMCS Chaudière (DDE 235) of the Royal Canadian Navy and Canadian Forces (1959–1974)

## Other uses

* Le Régiment de la Chaudière, a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Forces
# Condition

Condition or conditions may refer to:

## In philosophy and logic

* Material conditional, a logical connective used to form "if...then..." statements
* Necessary and sufficient condition, a statement which is true if and only if another given statement is true

## In science and technology
### In computer science

* Exception handling#Condition systems, a generalization of exceptions in exception handling
* Condition (SQL), a filtering mechanism in relational database queries
* Condition variable, a synchronization primitive in concurrent programming

### In medicine

* Medical condition, as a synonym for disease
* Medical state or condition, a patient's clinical status in a hospital

### In numerical analysis

* Condition number, a measure of a matrix in digital computation

## In arts and entertainment

* Condition (film), a 2011 film
* Conditions (album), 2009 debut album by Australian rock band The Temper Trap
* Conditions (magazine), an annual lesbian feminist literary magazine
* Conditions (band), an American rock band
* Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In), a song written by Mickey Newbury and first released in 1967
* Status effect, a temporary condition of a character in computer gaming

## Other uses

* Conditions (Russia), part of the constitution of Russia, signed by Anna of Russia in 1730
* In contract law, part of covenants, conditions and restrictions
* Living condition
* State of being
# Frank Wade

Frank Wade may refer to:
* Frank Wade (cricketer) (1871–1940), Australian cricketer
* Frank E. Wade (1873–1930), American football player and coach
* Frank Eugene Wade (1854–1929), president of the National Probation Association and New York Superintendent of State Prisons
# Chris Williams (journalist)

Chris Williams (born 1951/1952) is a British journalist.
A former editor of the Daily Express, he is currently editor of the Scottish Daily Mail.
# Chris Williams (football manager)

Chris Williams is an Australian former soccer manager.
He was appointed by the Tonga Football Federation in November 2010.
Williams was appointed as U17 coach for the nation and his team lost all four of their games, conceded 46 goals in the process at the 2011 OFC U-17 Championship which included a 17-0 loss to New Caledonia. Prior to the competition Williams had written that the Tonga Football Federation had forgotten to withdraw from the competition and rather than be fined $NZ 50,000 by the OFC, they allowed Williams to take a team to the tournament.
He was also put in of the Tonga national football team during their 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign in 2011. In November 2011, his Tonga team became the first team in international football to lose to American Samoa, Tonga finished second in a group of four with four points.
# Congress of Russian Americans

The Congress of Russian Americans is a non-governmental organization in the United States representing Russian-Americans and Russians. The CRA's stated purposes include preserving Russian culture in the United States, protecting the rights of Russian-Americans, fighting Russophobia, and improving relations between Russians and Americans.

## History

The Congress of Russian Americans (CRA) was founded in 1973 by Russian immigrants to the United States, including White émigrés from the Russian Empire, who were opposed to communism. The CRA's original intention was to prevent Russophobia from being the basis of Western anti-communism during the Cold War by advocating the distinction between the Russian national identity and Soviet communist ideology. In 1978, the Russian-American Chamber of Fame was founded to honor Russian immigrants who provided outstanding contributions to American science and culture, including the television pioneer Vladimir K. Zworykin, the 1973 Economics Nobel laureate Wassily Leontief, the founder of Tolstoy Foundation Alexandra Tolstaya, and many other notable Russian Americans.
Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the CRA has extended its goals to include encouraging cultural and economic development in Russia and aiding persecuted Christians and human rights activists in the former Soviet states.
The Congress of Russian Americans is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and maintains a liaison office in Washington, DC, to interact with the US government and other organizations. The CRA's known initiatives include attempts to nullify the law on Captive Nations, which it regards as anti-Russian, rather than anticommunist, since the list of "captive nations" did not include Russia albeit it was the first nation to fall to a communist regime. The CRA is also known for opposing the 2017 Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act and for criticizing the law as damaging to Russian-American relations and propagating Russophobia.
# Christina Goldschmidt

Christina Anna Goldschmidt is a British probabilist known for her work in probability theory including coalescent theory, random minimum spanning trees, and the theory of random graphs. She is professor of probability in the department of statistics, University of Oxford and a fellow of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.

## Education and career

Goldschmidt read mathematics at New Hall, Cambridge, and continued at the statistical laboratory of Cambridge for her Ph.D. Her 2004 dissertation, Large Random Hypergraphs, was supervised by James R. Norris.
She did postdoctoral research with Jean Bertoin at Pierre and Marie Curie University, as a Stokes fellow at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and as an EPSRC postdoctoral fellow at Oxford, before becoming an assistant professor in 2009 at the University of Warwick. She returned to Oxford in 2011 and was promoted to full professor in 2017.

## Recognition

Goldschmidt was a Medallion Lecturer of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 2016. In 2019 she was chosen to become a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, "for fundamental contributions to the fields of coalescence and fragmentation theory, and to continuum limits for random trees and graphs".
# Conspiracy X Game Master's Screen

Conspiracy X Game Master's Screen is a supplement published by Eden Studios in 1996 for the modern-era role-playing game Conspiracy X.

## Contents

Conspiracy X Game Master's Screen is an eight-panel screen that includes charts and tables for test basics, combat and damage, hacking, and malfunctions. An adventure called "Night of Rage" is also included.

## Reception

Andy Butcher reviewed Conspiracy X Game Master's Screen for Arcane magazine, rating it a 7 out of 10 overall, and commented that "What makes this package stand out is the adventure contained in the booklet. Even though it features the supernatural, Black Book agents, and an alien plot, it is straightforward for the referee to run due to the effort that's gone into its preparation."
In the November 1997 edition of Dragon (Issue #241), Rick Swan called this screen "attractive", and thought that the included adventure was "excellent... loaded with supernatural surprises."
# Conspiracy in Mind

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |
| Rock Hard | (10/10) |
Conspiracy in Mind is the debut album by the Norwegian progressive/power metal band Communic.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Oddleif Stensland, arranged by Communic

## Reception

In 2005, Conspiracy in Mind was ranked number 497 in Rock Hard magazine's book of The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time.

## Personnel
### Communic

* Oddleif Stensland – vocals, guitars
* Erik Mortensen – bass
* Tor Atle Andersen – drums

### Additional musicians

* Peter Jensen – keyboards

### Production

* Recorded, mixed and mastered by Jacob Hansen at Hansen Studios, Denmark

### Technical information

Artwork by Mattias Norén of ProgArt Media
# Frederick Arthur Rodway

Frederick Arthur Rodway (25 March 1880, Hobart, Tasmania – 1 April 1956, Nowra, New South Wales) was an Australian physician, botanist, and plant collector. He collected spermatophytes in New South Wales and Western Australia.

## Biography

F. A. Rodway was a physician based in Nowra, where he had a house and a surgery. He collected botanical specimens primarily in South Coast, New South Wales (NSW).
Edwin Cheel published a 1919 paper crediting Rodway with raising the variety Leptospermum scoparium var. rotundifolium (described in 1900 by Maiden and Betche) to species status as Leptospermum rotundifolium.
F. A. Rodway's daughter was the botanist Gwenda Louise Davis (née Rodway), and his father was the botanist-dentist Leonard Rodway. The NSW Rodway Nature Reserve is named in honour of the family.

## Eponyms

* Plinthanthesis rodwayi (Budawanga wallaby grass) (See Plinthanthesis.)
# Christmas (Kimberley Locke album)

Christmas, a 2007 collection of Christmas songs, is the third studio album by American recording artist Kimberley Locke. The album was only released digitally.

## Background

After Locke saw her first holiday single, "Up On the House Top", sit at the top of Billboard magazine's Adult Contemporary chart for 4 weeks in 2005, a full holiday album was planned for release during the 2006 holiday season. With the delay of her second studio album Based on a True Story, the label decided to delay plans on the holiday album as well until the 2007 season. Instead, only "Jingle Bells" was released as a single, which again brought Locke's name to the top of the Billboard AC chart.
Along with the release of the album, a third holiday single, "Frosty the Snowman", was sent to radio, and once again brought Locke's name to the top of the AC chart. The album's final single, "We Need a Little Christmas", failed to make the impression the other single had, peaking at number 19.
The album sold 3,000 copies as of December 31, 2008.

## Charts
### Singles

| Charting Year | Single | Chart | Peak Position |
| 2005 | "Up On the House Top" | U.S. Adult Contemporary | 1 |
| 2005 | "Up On the House Top" | U.S. Adult Contemporary Recurrents | 15 |
| 2005 | "Up On the House Top" | Top AC Singles of 2006 | 36 |
| 2006 | "Jingle Bells" | U.S. Adult Contemporary | 1 |
| 2007 | "Frosty the Snowman" | U.S. Adult Contemporary | 1 |
| 2007 | "Frosty the Snowman" | Canadian Adult Contemporary | 40 |
| 2007 | "Frosty the Snowman" | Top AC Singles of 2008 | 46 |
| 2008 | "We Need a Little Christmas" | U.S. Adult Contemporary | 19 |
# Continued fraction factorization

In number theory, the continued fraction factorization method (CFRAC) is an integer factorization algorithm. It is a general-purpose algorithm, meaning that it is suitable for factoring any integer n, not depending on special form or properties. It was described by D. H. Lehmer and R. E. Powers in 1931, and developed as a computer algorithm by Michael A. Morrison and John Brillhart in 1975.
The continued fraction method is based on Dixon's factorization method. It uses convergents in the regular continued fraction expansion of
    ${\sqrt {kn}},\qquad k\in \mathbb {Z^{+}}$.
Since this is a quadratic irrational, the continued fraction must be periodic (unless n is square, in which case the factorization is obvious).
It has a time complexity of $O\left(e^{\sqrt {2\log n\log \log n}}\right)=L_{n}\left[1/2,{\sqrt {2}}\right]$, in the O and L notations.
# Continued process verification

Continued process verification (CPV) is the collection and analysis of end-to-end production components and processes data to ensure product outputs are within predetermined quality limits. In 2011 the Food and Drug Administration published a report outlining best practices regarding business process validation in the pharmaceutical industry. Continued process verification is outlined in this report as the third stage in Process Validation.
Its central purpose is to ensure that processes are in a constant state of control, thus ensuring final product quality. Central to effective CPV is a method with which to identify unwanted process inconsistencies in order to execute corrective or preventive measures. Once quality standards are set in place they must be monitored with regular frequency to confirm those parameters are being met. Continued process verification not only helps protect consumers from production faults, but business also see benefits in implementing a CPV program. Should product outputs not match target standards it can be very costly to investigate the problem source without existing CPV data.

## Vital components of continued process verification

* An alert system to identify process malfunctions that lead to deviations from quality standards.
* A framework for gathering and analyzing data of final product quality and process consistency. Analysis should include source materials consistency and manufacturing equipment condition; and data should be collected in a format that allows for long-term trend analysis as well as intra-production quality analysis.
* Continued review of quality qualification standards and process reliability. Departures from any predetermined standards should be flagged for review by trained personnel and appropriate measures undertaken to restore end-to-end quality standards.

## Data collection and analysis

Crucial in effective CPV implementation is an appropriate data collection procedure. Data must allow for statistical analytics and trend analysis of process consistency and capability. A correctly implemented procedure will minimize overreactions to individual production outlier events and guarantee genuine process inconsistency are detected. While production variability can sometimes be obvious and even casually identified the FDA recommends using statistical tools to quantitatively detect problems and identify root causes. Initially, continued process verification should be based on quality standards established in the design phase. After a period of time variations can be detected by identifying deviation from historical data using statistical tools. Furthermore, these same tools can also be used to identify opportunities to optimize processes that may pre-emptively increase quality reliability.
# Conopholis americana

Conopholis americana, the American cancer-root, bumeh or bear corn, is a perennial, non-photosynthesizing (or "achlorophyllous") parasitic plant. It is from the family Orobanchaceae and more recently from the genus Conopholis but also listed as Orobanche, native but not endemic to North America. When blooming, it resembles a pine cone or cob of corn growing from the roots of mostly oak and beech trees.

## Description

Conopholis americana is parasitic on the roots of woody plants, especially oaks (genus Quercus) and beech (genus Fagus). The only part of the plant generally seen is the cone-shaped inflorescence, which appears above ground in spring. The entire structure is a yellowish color, turning to brown. It achieves heights of 10 centimeters (4 in) to 20 centimeters (8 in) tall.

### Stems and leaves

The plant has stout and unbranched 1.3 centimeters (0.5 in) to 2.5 centimeters (1 in) thick stems. Since C. americana does not photosynthesize it also does not have true leaves; it has instead simple, ovate, tiny scales 1.3 centimeters (0.5 in) long and brown, which appear at the base of each flower.

### Flowers

Conopholis americana produces spikes of yellow to cream flowers densely crowded all around the stem. Each flower is 5-parted, 8 millimeters (0.3 in) to 13 millimeters (0.5 in) long, tubular with a swollen base and facing downwards. As the flowering spike matures it begins to wither and becomes brown throughout the summer and often persisting through the winter, by which time it has become shriveled and black. There is no noticeable floral scent.

### Fruits and reproduction

Each flower is replaced by a seed capsule that is longer than it is wide and contains many small seeds. This plant spreads to new locations by reseeding itself.

### Roots

The root system is parasitic on the roots of oak trees (Quercus spp.); dependent on the host tree for its nourishment, the suckers of the parasitic roots cause the formation of large rounded knobs on the roots of the host tree.

## Distribution

The plant is found growing on roots in wooded ravines in every state of the United States east of the Mississippi River. While widely distributed, it is uncommon.
Native:
    Nearctic:
       Northern America:
          Eastern Canada: Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec
          Northeastern U.S.A.: Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
          North-Central U.S.A.: Illinois, Wisconsin
          Southeastern U.S.A.: Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
It is considered an exploitably vulnerable species in New York, a threatened species in New Hampshire and a special concern in Rhode Island.
# François Burgat

François Burgat, born April 2, 1948, in Chambéry, is a French political scientist and arabist, Research Fellow at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) posted at IREMAM (Institut de recherches et d'études sur le monde arabe et musulman) in Aix-en-Provence. He has been the Principal Investigator of the European Research Council research program "When Autoritarism Fails in the Arab World WAFAW" (2013-2017).
Having lectured across the world for a wide range of Academic institutions or think tanks such as the World Economic Forum, NATO, the European Union, etc.. He has taught and researched at the University of Constantine, Algeria (1973-1980), at the French CEDEJ in Cairo (1989-1993), as the director of the French Centre for Archaeology and Social Sciences in Sana'a, Yemen (1997-2003), then as the director of the Institut Français du Proche Orient (Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Irak) based in Damascus (2008-2012) and then Beyrouth (2012-2013). He is also a member of the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).

## Publications in English

* The Islamic Movement in North Africa (U of Texas Press, 1997),
* Face to Face with Political Islam (IB Tauris, 2002),
* Islamism in the shadow of al-Qaeda, Paris, La Découverte 2005, (U. of Texas Press 2008),
* Understanding Political Islam (Manchester University Press, December 20, 2019).
# Conostylis setosa

Conostylis setosa, commonly known as white cottonhead, is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat leaves and white, or pinkish maroon to purple flowers

## Description

Conostylis setosa is a rhizomatous, perennial grass-like plant or herb that has small tufts and short stems. The leaves are flat, 150–300 mm (5.9–11.8 in) long, 1.5–4.0 mm (0.059–0.157 in) wide, green with striations and glabrous apart from two ranks of hairs on the edges. The flowers are usually borne on up to four flowering stems 80–350 mm (3.1–13.8 in) long. The flowers are white or pinkish maroon to purple, 12–20 mm (0.47–0.79 in) long with lobes 6.0–10.5 mm (0.24–0.41 in) long. The anthers are 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long and the style is 8.4–12 mm (0.33–0.47 in) long. Flowering occurs from September to November.

## Taxonomy and naming

Conostylis setosa was first formally described in 1840 by John Lindley in his A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. The specific epithet (setosa) means "bristly".

## Distribution and habitat

White cottonhead is locally common between Bindoon and Dwellingup on the Darling Scarp, in the Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions in the south-west of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Conostylis setosa is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Ceratovacuna

Ceratovacuna is a genus of aphids in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. Some species are pests of millet. It was first described by Leo Zehntner.