OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1582 in France

Events from the year 1582 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Henry III

## Events

* July 26 – Battle of Ponta Delgada (War of the Portuguese Succession): Spanish admiral Santa Cruz decisively defeats a larger mercenary fleet from France, England, supporters of the Portuguese claimant António, Prior of Crato, and the Dutch Republic, under Filippo di Piero Strozzi (who is killed) off the Azores, the first engagement between large fleets of galleons, operating at any great distance from the mainland.
* December 9 (Julian) (December 19 Gregorian) – France discards the Julian calendar at the end of the day and adopts the Gregorian calendar at midnight. Sunday, December 9 is followed the next day in France by Monday, December 20.

## Births

* November 21 – François Maynard, French poet (d. 1646)
* November 27 – Pierre Dupuy, French historian (d. 1651)

## Deaths

* July 17 – Jacques Peletier du Mans, French mathematician (b. 1517)
* October 21 – Laurent Joubert, French physician (b. 1529)
* January 23 – Jean Bauhin, French physician (b. 1511)
# 14th Cinema Express Awards

The 14th Cinema Express Awards were held on 30 April 1994, and honoured the best of South Indian films released in 1993. The awards were announced on 12 March 1994.

## Tamil

| Category | Recipient | Film |
| Best Film | Kalaipuli S. Thanu | Kizhakku Cheemayile |
| Best Director | Bharathiraja | Kizhakku Cheemayile |
| Best Actress | Radhika | Kizhakku Cheemayile |
| Best Villain | Napoleon | Kizhakku Cheemayile |
| Best Film (Special Award) | K. T. Kunjumon | Gentleman |
| Best Actor (Special Award) | Arjun | Gentleman |
| Best Actor | Sathyaraj | Walter Vetrivel |
| Best Actress (Special Award) | Sukanya | Walter Vetrivel |
| Best Story Writer | V. Sekhar | Porantha Veeda Puguntha Veeda |
| Best Dialogue Writer | Crazy Mohan | Chinna Mapillai |
| Best Lyrics Writer | Vairamuthu | Thiruda Thiruda |
| Best New Face Actor | Jayaram | Gokulam |
| Best New Face Actress | Priya Raman | Valli |
| Best New Face Director | S. Shankar | Gentleman |
| Best Music Director | A. R. Rahman | Gentleman |
| Best Cameraman | P. C. Sreeram | Thiruda Thiruda |
| Best Dance Master | Prabhu Deva | Gentleman |
| Best Stunt Master | Vikram Dharma | Gentleman |
| Best Comedy Actor | Vadivelu | Kizhakku Cheemayile |
| Best Comedy Actress | Manorama | Various |
| Best Playback Singer | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | Yajaman and Uzhaippali |
| Best Playback Singer (Female) | K. S. Chithra | Purusha Lakshanam |
| Best Child Artist | Baby Shamili | Thanga Pappa |

## Telugu

| Category | Recipient | Film |
| Best Film | M. S. Raju | Police Lockup |
| Best Actor | Chiranjeevi | Mutha Mestri |
| Best Actress | Vijayashanti | Police Lockup |
| Best Director | Kodi Ramakrishna | Police Lockup |

## Kannada

| Category | Recipient | Film |
| Best Film | S. A. Govindaraju | Aakasmika |
| Best Actor | Vishnuvardhan | Rayaru Bandaru Mavana Manege |
| Best Actress | Malashri | Mangalya Bandhana |
| Best Director | Dwarakish | Rayaru Bandaru Mavana Manege |

## Malayalam

| Category | Recipient | Film |
| Best Film | V. B. K. Menon | Devaasuram |
| Best Actor | Suresh Gopi | Ekalavyan |
| Best Actress | Madhavi | Akashadoothu |
| Best Director | Sibi Malayil | Akashadoothu |

## NEPC Groups Awards

| Recipient | Contribution |
| Rajinikanth | "For his outstanding performance in Hindi films and his efforts in bringing out the talents in technicians in Valli produced by him" |
| B. R. Vijayalakshmi | "For cinematography in Ravanan and Yen Purushanthan Yenakku Mattumthan" |
| Vairamuthu | "For the lyrics in Roja emphasising national integration" |
| Khushbu | "For her contribution to Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu films besides Hindi pictures" |
# Rangia cuneata

Rangia cuneata or Atlantic rangia, also known as wedge clam, gulf wedge clam, common rangia, and cocktail clam, is a mollusc native to the Gulf of Mexico. It is an oval clam with a body length of up to 5cm, living from the intertidal zone to depths of 124 meters. It is edible and is harvested for food in Mexico, and has been so since pre-Hispanic times.
* Right valve
* Left valve

## Invasive species

Atlantic rangia have been introduced to the US North Atlantic coast, Belgium (Antwerp) and the Baltic Sea.
# Chii-Dong Lin

Chii-Dong Lin (born 1946) is a Taiwanese physicist.
Lin was born in 1946, and is a native of Changhua County. After graduating from National Taiwan University in 1969, he earned a doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1974 and was a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University until 1976, when he joined the Kansas State University faculty. In 1985, Lin was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society, "[f]or his pioneering hyperspherical coordinate analyses of two electron atoms and ions, and his contribution to the development of the relativistic random phase approximation for atomic photoionization. In 1990, Lin was appointed to a distinguished professorship.
# Chii

Chii may refer to:
* Chii Tomiya (born 1991), Japanese professional wrestler
* Takeo Chii (born 1942–2012), Japanese actor
* Chi (Chobits), a fictional character in the manga series Chobits
# Cherryland (album)

Cherryland is the sixth studio album released by American electropop singer-songwriter The Ready Set. The album was released independently on October 27, 2023, and is his first album in seven years since his 2016 album, I Will Be Nothing Without Your Love.

## Background and release

Following the release of V1 and V2, Witzigreuter temporary took a step back from The Ready Set in 2019 and adopted a new name, Onlychild. According to Witzigreuter at the time, he wanted to create "raw tracks" such as "Teeth" and "Crimson Red".
Cherryland is The Ready Set's first album in seven years since his 2016 album, I Will Be Nothing Without Your Love. The album was announced in August 2023. Witzigreuter stated that the theme of album deals with, "accepting yourself as an artist and learning to stop overthinking everything so much." He described the record as sad, joyful, anxious and hopeful. He also stated that the idea of Cherryland came up two years ago where parts of the songs were written years ago, while some were written weeks ago.
"Who You Really Are" was released on May 26, 2023 as the lead single from the album. Witzigreuter spoke about the track with idobi Radio: "It's really chaotic sounding... It may be polarizing, which I kind of wanted. The whole vibe of it feels like sort of a mix of what all of the new stuff is, it's so many different things at once. It's supposed to feel really chaotic, it just feels like anxiety. Which sort of sums up a lot of the thesis of this and that. But it's hopeful, too." The music video for the single was released on June 9, 2023, and was directed by Ryan Blewett. "Teammate" was released on July 7, 2023 as the album's second single. "ACT 2" was released as the album's third single on August 18, 2023. "Loose Change" was released on September 29, 2023 as the fourth and final single from the album.

## Promotion

In support of the album's release, The Ready Set joined Boys Like Girls on the Speaking Our Language tour in the fall of 2023. He also announced a concert show at the Echo in Los Angeles for May 7, 2024.

## Reception

Keaton Mae of The Honey Pop gave the album a positive review. She praised the album's first track, "Gateway" for its opening and strong chorus. She described the fifth track, "Telemetry" as a "full evolution of a certain kind of TRS song," comparing the track to previous Ready Set songs such as "World Owes Nothing" and "The Witching Hour". She complimented the writing on the tenth track "2 & 3". She called the second track, "Cherryland", "mindblowing," and praised the vocals and pop sound. Maria Serra of idobi Radio stated that the album possesses "game-changing bouncy synth-pop" tracks and praised the single "Act 2", noting how Witzigreuter "has matured into an even more authentic version of himself."

## Release history

Release dates and formats for Cherryland :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| Various | October 27, 2023 | Digital downloadstreaming | The Ready Set Music | |
| Various | May 10, 2024 | Digital downloadstreaming | The Ready Set Music | |
# Cherryholmes III: Don't Believe

Cherryholmes III: Don't Believe is the third major-label studio album by Cherryholmes. The album was released on September 30, 2008 and was nominated for Best Bluegrass Album at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards.

## Content and reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| American Songwriter | |
With four members of the Cherryholmes family in their teens and early 20s at the time of the album's recording, many songs deal with the early pressures and emotions involving heartbreak. One example is "Devil in Disguise", a cover song co-written by Gram Parsons. Other tracks on the album include "This Is My Son", about a parent sending her child off to war, and "Sumatra", which was nominated for Best Country Instrumental Performance at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards. The album was nominated in the Best Bluegrass Album category. It peaked at number three on the Billboard Top Bluegrass Albums chart and number 48 on the Top Country Albums chart.
Barry Mazor of American Songwriter wrote that "the ever-increasing vocal harmony strength, instrumental prowess, and original songwriting talent can’t be missed on this latest outing." Allmusic's James Christopher Monger remarked that on this album, the band "do(es) away completely with the traditional, opting for a sleek batch of self-penned contemporary bluegrass numbers that lean closer to Nickel Creek and the Dixie Chicks than they do Ricky Skaggs & Kentucky Thunder." Of the "Devil in Disguise" cover, Meredith Ochs of NPR said that "the song gives the Cherryholmes family a chance to demonstrate skill at that other bluegrass essential: harmonies, especially those that are genetically linked."

## Track listing

* "I Can Only Love You (So Much)"-3:05
* "The King as a Babe Comes Down"-4:05
* "Don't Believe"-2:43
* "This Is My Son"-3:38
* "Sumatra"-2:58
* "My Love for You Grows"-2:50
* "Goodbye"-3:07
* "Bleeding"-3:47
* "The Sailing Man"-3:05
* "Broken"-3:47
* "Devil in Disguise"-2:56
* "Mansker Spree/O'Coughlin's Reel"-3:18
* "Traveler"-3:22
* "[Untitled]"-1:32

## Charts

| Chart (2008-9) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Heatseekers Albums | 12 |
| US Billboard Top Bluegrass Albums | 3 |
| US Billboard Top Country Albums | 48 |
# Chezal-Benoît

Chezal-Benoît (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

## Geography

An area of lakes and streams, farming and forestry comprising a village and a couple of hamlets situated in the valley of the small river Mouzet, some 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Bourges at the junction of the D18 with the D65 and the D115 roads. The commune shares its western border with the department of Indre.

## Sights

* The abbey church of St.Pierre, dating from the twelfth century.
* A windmill.
* Other buildings from the Benedictine abbey.
# Chezelles

Chezelles may refer to:
* Chezelles, Indre, in the Indre department
* Chezelles, Indre-et-Loire, in the Indre-et-Loire department
# 15th Composite Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery

The 15th Composite Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery was a territorial air defence regiment of the New Zealand Army. The regiment was formed in 1948 and disbanded in 1954. Its heavy battery briefly became an independent unit, before becoming part of the newly formed 12th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment in 1956.
# Brun Fourca

Brun Fourca is a red French wine grape variety that once grew widely throughout Provence and Southwest France but is now limited to small plantings within the Palette Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC).

## History

The name Brun Fourca comes from the colour of the stems brun (or brown) and the characteristic "forked" (fourche) shape of the clusters with shoulder or "wing" branch of the cluster being of pronounced size and length in contrast to the main bunch stem. The first written mention of Brun Fourca was in a 1772 document where the name was used as a synonym for Pinot noir. Provençal records from 1783-1784 mention actual Brun Fourca planted in the communes of Aubagne and Aix-en-Provence in the Bouches-du-Rhône department.

## Viticulture

Brun Fourca is a mid-ripening variety that is highly prone to powdery mildew and botrytis rot. The vine produces small "forked" clusters of very large berries that easily fall off the rachis when the grapes are fully ripe.

## Wine regions and AOC regulations

While the grape was historically grown throughout the Provence, South West France and Languedoc wine regions, today it is nearly extinct with less than 2.5 acres (1 hectare) of the variety recorded in France in 2006. What is left is found almost entirely within the Palette AOC where two estates, Château Simone and Château Crémade, claim to still be using the grape in their red and rosé blends with Cinsault, Grenache and Mourvedre.
Brun Fourca grapes destined for AOC wine production must be harvested to a yield no greater than 40 hl/ha with the finished wine attaining a minimum alcohol level of at least 11%. In addition to Cinsault, Grenache and Mourvedre which must make up the majority of the wine, Brun Fourca can also be blended with Carignan, Castet, Manosquin, Muscat noir and Cabernet Sauvignon.

## Confusion with other varieties

Over the years plantings of Brun Fourca have been confused with other wine grape varieties due to either similarities in appearance of synonyms. These include the Burgundian wine grape Pinot noir, of which Brun Fourca was an 18th-century synonym, and the ancient Ardèche variety Chichaud.

## Synonyms

Among the synonyms that have been used to describe Brun Fourca and its wines include Brun d´Auriol, Brun de Farnous, Brun Farnous, Brun Tourcae, Brun Tourcale, Brunfourka, Caula, Caula Noir, Caula noir de Vaucluse, Farnous (in the Var department), Floura, Flouron (in the Drôme), Gros Taulier, Mançonnet (in Ardèche), Morrastel Fleuri, Morrastel Flourat, Moulan (in Hérault), Moulard, Moulau, Mourastel Flourat, Moureau (in Gard), Mourrastel Fleuri, Mourrastel-Flourat (in Hérault), Morrastel Floura, Mouzeau (in Gard), Mulon, Plant de Bordeaux and Plant Francais.
# Psydrinae

Psydrinae is a subfamily of beetles in the family Carabidae.

## Genera

These 34 genera belong to the subfamily Psydrinae:
Tribe Gehringiini Darlington, 1933
* Afrogehringia Baehr; Schüle & Lorenz, 2009
* Gehringia Darlington, 1933
* Helenaea Schatzmayr & Koch, 1934
Tribe Moriomorphini Sloane, 1890
* Amblytelus Erichson, 1842
* Celanida Laporte, 1867
* Dystrichothorax Blackburn, 1892
* Epelyx Blackburn, 1892
* Mecyclothorax Sharp, 1903
* Melisodera Westwood, 1835
* Meonis Laporte, 1867
* Molopsida White, 1846
* Moriodema Laporte, 1867
* Moriomorpha Laporte, 1867
* Neonomius B.Moore, 1963
* Paratrichothorax Baehr, 2004
* Pharetis Liebherr, 2020
* Pseudamblytelus Baehr, 2004
* Pterogmus Sloane, 1920
* Raphetis B.Moore, 1963
* Rhaebolestes Sloane, 1903
* Rossjoycea Liebherr, 2011
* Selenochilus Chaudoir, 1878
* Sitaphe B.Moore, 1963
* Spherita Liebherr, 2020
* Tarastethus Sharp, 1883
* Teraphis Laporte, 1867
* Theprisa B.Moore, 1963
* Trephisa B.Moore, 1963
* Trichamblytelus Baehr, 2004
* Trichopsida Larochelle & Larivière, 2013
* Tropopterus Solier, 1849
Tribe Psydrini LeConte, 1853
* Laccocenus Sloane, 1890
* Nomius Laporte, 1835
* Psydrus LeConte, 1846
# Castel Frentano

Castel Frentano is a comune (municipality) in the province of Chieti, in the Italian region of Abruzzo.
During World War II, the town was liberated by the New Zealand Army (2nd New Zealand Division) on 2 December 1943.
It is known for bocconotto, a typical dessert.

## Main sights

* Church of St. Stephen, built in the late 13th and early 14th century, but rebuilt in the 18th century in neo-Classicist style
* Church of Santa Maria della Selva
* Church of San Rocco
* Palazzo Vergilj
* Palazzo Crognale
* 14th century defensive walls
# Joseph Kuch

Joseph Kuch (born 24 September 2000) is a South Sudanese footballer who plays as a forward for Amarat United and the South Sudan national team.

## Club career

Kuch signed with Real Black FC of the South Sudan Football Championship in 2014. In his first and only season with the club he made 26 league appearances, scoring 15 goals. His performances attracted interest from Amarat United, also of the South Sudan Football Championship, and he joined the club the following season. In December 2020 Kuch was linked with a move to the Israeli Premier League. In July 2020, he was in talks to join Gor Mahia F.C. of the Kenyan Premier League but the deal did not materialize. Later that month he was also offered contracts from several clubs in Slovakia but air travel and visa restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic made the move impossible. He departed Amarat United at the end of December 2020. At that time it was expected that he would sign for a club in East Asia. Kuch scored 48 combined league goals for the 2019 and 2020 seasons with the club.

## International career

Kuch represented South Sudan during 2019 Africa U-23 Cup of Nations qualification before the team was eliminated by Tunisia in the second round. He made his senior international debut on 22 April 2017 in a 2018 African Nations Championship qualification match against Somalia.

### International goals

    Scores and results list South Sudan's goal tally first.
| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 4 August 2019 | Phillip Omondi Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Burundi | 1–0 | 1–2 | 2018 African Nations Championship qualification |
| 2. | 9 October 2019 | Al-Merrikh Stadium, Omdurman, Sudan | Seychelles | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
| 3. | 13 October 2019 | Stade Linité, Victoria, Seychelles | Seychelles | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
| 4. | 17 November 2019 | Khartoum Stadium, Khartoum, Sudan | Burkina Faso | 1–2 | 1–2 | 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
| Last updated 7 April 2021 |||||||

### International statistics

    As of match played 17 November 2019
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| South Sudan | 2017 | 1 | 0 |
| South Sudan | 2018 | 0 | 0 |
| South Sudan | 2019 | 7 | 4 |
| South Sudan | 2020 | 0 | 0 |
| South Sudan | 2021 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 8 | 4 |
# Bye-gones

Bye-gones was a 19th-century quarterly antiquarian journal which covered Wales and the border counties. It was first published in the 1871, by Woodall, Minshall and Company of Oswestry. John Askew Roberts (1826-1884) (who had previously served as the Oswestry Advertizer's editor), edited the journal, which contained antiquarian articles that had originally been published in the Oswestry Advertizer and Border Counties Herald.
# Pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether

Within chemical compound surfactants, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5) is a nonionic surfactant. It is formed by the ethoxylation chemical reaction of dodecanol (lauryl alcohol) to give a material with 5 repeat units of ethylene glycol.

## Multilamellar vesicle formation

Within the study of biological membranes and cell biology, for vesicle formation, the lamellar phase at 40wt% solution of C12E5 dissolved in D$_2$O form multilamellar vesicles under shear rate.
# Casearia williamsiana

Casearia williamsiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to Honduras.
# Prunus texana

Prunus texana, called peachbush, Texas almond cherry, Texas peachbush, sand plum, peach bush, duraznillo and wild peach is native to central and western Texas. Although it looks like peach, it actually belongs to Prunus sect. Prunocerasus together with other North American plum species.

## Description

P. texana is a bushy shrub about 1 metre (3 feet 3 inches) tall and 0.5–1.5 m (1+1⁄2–5 ft) wide. The branches have short hairs. The flowers are white or pink. Blossoms appear in February and March and are 1–1.5 centimetres (3⁄8–5⁄8 inch). The fruits are egg-shaped and yellow or greenish yellow. The leaves are slender and elliptical with small teeth. The species readily hybridizes with native and cultivated plums.
Cultivars include 'Bolen', 'Gephart', 'Johnson', and 'Stuart'.
# APHS

APHS may refer to:
* Abbey Park High School, Oakville, Ontario, Canada
* Aberfoyle Park High School, South Australia, Australia
* Academy Park High School, Sharon hill, Pennsylvania
* Alderman Peel High School, Norfolk, England
* Allen Park High School Allen Park, Michigan
* Andrada Polytechnic High School, Vail, Arizona
* Arthur Phillip High School, New South Wales, Australia
* Averill Park High School, Averill Park, New York
* Avon Park High School, Avon Park, Florida
# APHC

APHC can stand for the following:
* A Prairie Home Companion, US weekly radio program
* All Parties Hurriyat Conference, a coalition of political parties in Kashmir
* Andhra Pradesh High Court, the ultimate legal authority in that state of India
* Anglo-Philippine Holdings Corporation, a Philippines financial consortium investing in mass-transit operations
* Appaloosa Horse Club (ApHC), a US horse breeding organization
* Armor-piercing hard core, a military designation for projectile types
* Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors, a trade association in England and Wales
# Proto-Inuit language

Proto-Inuit is the reconstructed proto-language of the Inuit languages, probably spoken about 1000 years BP by the Neo-Eskimo Thule people. It evolved from Proto-Eskimo, from which the Yupik languages also evolved.

## Phonology

Doug Hitch proposes the following chart of consonant phonemes:
# Cattleya coccinea

Cattleya coccinea, also known as Sophronitis coccinea or Sophronitis grandiflora, is a species of orchid occurring in Atlantic Forest habitats, from southeastern Brazil to Argentina (Misiones).
# Cathaiaphaenops

Cathaiaphaenops is a genus in the beetle family Carabidae. There are nine described species in Cathaiaphaenops, found in China.

## Species

These nine species belong to the genus Cathaiaphaenops:
* Cathaiaphaenops amplipennis Ueno, 2000
* Cathaiaphaenops chuandongziensis Deuve, 2000
* Cathaiaphaenops cychroides Deuve & Tian, 2016
* Cathaiaphaenops delprati Deuve, 1996
* Cathaiaphaenops draconis Deuve, 2000
* Cathaiaphaenops enshiensis Deuve & Tian, 2016
* Cathaiaphaenops lagredeae Deuve, 2016
* Cathaiaphaenops lynchae Deuve & Tian, 2008
* Cathaiaphaenops vignatagliantii Deuve, 2000
# Casino Deluxe

Casino Deluxe is a video game developed and published by Impressions for the Microsoft Windows.

## Gameplay

Casino Deluxe includes a variety of casino games, such as slot machines, pai gow, Caribbean stud poker, video poker, craps, roulette, and blackjack.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Next Generation | |
| Computer Game Review | 83/85/86 |
Next Generation reviewed the PC version of the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "if you're into these games, this is the best one around." It received a largely positive review from Computer Game Review.

## Reviews

* PC Gamer (Oct, 1995)
* Génération 4 (Nov, 1995)
* Joystick (French) (Nov, 1995)