OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 642d Bombardment Squadron

The 642d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Army Air Forces unit. After training with Douglas A-20 Havocs in the United States the squadron deployed to the European Theater of World War II, where it engaged in combat until the Surrender of Germany. It was last assigned to the 409th Bombardment Group at Westover Field, Massachusetts, where it was inactivated on 7 November 1945.

## History

The 642d Bombardment Squadron was activated in June 1943 at Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma as one of the four original squadrons of the 409th Bombardment Group. The squadron trained under Third Air Force in Oklahoma, Texas and Louisiana with A-20 Havoc light bombardment aircraft.
The squadron deployed to the European Theater of Operations in March 1944, where it became part of IX Bomber Command of Ninth Air Force.
The 642d initially flew sweeps over Occupied France from its base in England, attacking coastal defenses, V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket sites, airfields, and other targets in France in preparation for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. After D-Day, the squadron supported ground forces during the Battle of Normandy by hitting gun batteries, rail lines, bridges, communications, and other objectives. During July 1944, it aided the Allied offensive at Caen and Operation Cobra, the breakthrough at Saint-Lô with attacks on enemy troops, flak positions, fortified villages, and supply dumps.
The squadron moved to Advanced Landing Grounds in France in September 1944, providing Third Army with close air support in its advance toward Germany through November.
In December, the squadron converted to Douglas A-26 Invaders. It then participated in the Battle of the Bulge by attacking lines of communications and logistics. The squadron continued combat operations until May, flying its last combat mission against an ammunition dump in Czechoslovakia on 3 May.
The unit returned to the United States and initially was stationed at Seymour Johnson Field, North Carolina where it prepared to deploy to the Pacific Theater of Operations for operations against the Japanese Home Islands. The deployment to the Pacific Theater was cancelled with the Surrender of Japan in August. The 642d was inactivated at Westover Field, Massachusetts in early November.

## Lineage

* Constituted as the 642d Bombardment Squadron (Light) and activated on 1 June 1943
    Redesignated 642d Bombardment Squadron, Light in 1944
    Inactivated on 7 November 1945

### Assignments

* 409th Bombardment Group, 1 June 1943 – 7 November 1945

### Aircraft

* Douglas A-20 Havoc, 1943–1945
* Douglas A-26 Invader, 1945

### Campaigns

| Campaign | Dates |
| Air Offensive, Europe | 7 March 1944 – 5 June 1944 |
| Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 |
| Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 |
| Rhineland | `5 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 |
| Ardennes-Alsace | 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 |
| Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 |
| Air Combat, EAME Theater | 7 March 1944 – 11 May 1945 |
# Cromartyshire (UK Parliament constituency)

Cromartyshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1708 until 1800, and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832.

## The constituency

The British parliamentary constituency of Cromartyshire was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland shire constituency of Cromartyshire. Cromartyshire was paired as an alternating constituency with neighbouring Nairnshire. The freeholders of Cromartyshire elected one Member of Parliament (MP) to one Parliament, while those of Nairnshire elected a Member to the next.

## Abolition

The Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1832 abolished the alternating constituencies. Cromartyshire was merged with Ross-shire to form the single constituency of Ross and Cromarty, both counties electing one Member between them to each Parliament.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | Member | Notes | Ref |
| 1708 | none | none | none |
| 1 November 1710 | Sir Kenneth Mackenzie | | |
| 1713 | none | none | none |
| 17 February 1715 | Alexander Urquhart | | |
| 1722 | none | none | none |
| 15 September 1727 | Sir Kenneth Mackenzie | Died on 13 September 1728. | |
| 25 March 1729 | Sir George Mackenzie | | |
| 1734 | none | none | none |
| 21 May 1741 | Sir William Gordon | Died on 9 June 1742. | |
| 30 December 1742 | Sir John Gordon | | |
| 1747 | none | none | none |
| 4 May 1754 | Sir John Gordon | | |
| 1761 | none | none | none |
| 26 April 1768 | William Pulteney | | |
| 1774 | none | none | none |
| 17 October 1780 | George Ross | | |
| 1784 | none | none | none |
| 8 July 1790 | Duncan Davidson | | |
| 1796 | none | none | none |
| 27 July 1802 | Alexander Mackenzie (from 22 July 1803, Mackenzie Fraser) | | |
| 1806 | none | none | none |
| 2 June 1807 | Robert Bruce Aeneas Macleod | | |
| 1812 | none | none | none |
| 10 July 1818 | Roderick Macleod | | |
| 1820 | none | none | none |
| 30 June 1826 | Duncan Davidson | | |
| 1830 | none | none | none |
| 20 May 1831 | Duncan Davidson | | |
# 2017 Fed Cup World Group play-offs

The World Group play-offs were four ties which involves the losing nations of the World Group first round and the winning nations of the World Group II. Nations that win their play-off ties entered the 2018 World Group, while losing nations joined the 2018 World Group II.
Participating Teams :
| Belgium | France | Germany | Netherlands |
| Russia | Slovakia | Spain | Ukraine |

## France vs. Spain

| France 4 | Halle André Vacheresse, Roanne, France 22–23 April 2017 Clay (indoors) | Halle André Vacheresse, Roanne, France 22–23 April 2017 Clay (indoors) | Spain 0 |
| 1 2 3 1 Kristina Mladenovic Sílvia Soler Espinosa 6 0 6 1     2 Pauline Parmentier Sara Sorribes Tormo 6 4 6 2     3 Kristina Mladenovic Sara Sorribes Tormo 6 1 6 1     4 Pauline Parmentier Sílvia Soler Espinosa       not played 5 Alizé Cornet / Amandine Hesse María José Martínez Sánchez / Olga Sáez Larra 6 1 3 6 [10] [7] ||||

## Russia vs. Belgium

| Russia 2 | Luzhniki Small Sports Arena, Moscow, Russia 22–23 April 2017 Clay (indoors) | Luzhniki Small Sports Arena, Moscow, Russia 22–23 April 2017 Clay (indoors) | Belgium 3 |
| 1 2 3 1 Elena Vesnina Alison Van Uytvanck 6 3 6 4     2 Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova Elise Mertens 4 6 0 6     3 Elena Vesnina Elise Mertens 4 6 6 1 2 6   4 Daria Kasatkina Maryna Zanevska 5 7 6 1 6 0   5 Daria Kasatkina / Elena Vesnina Elise Mertens / An-Sophie Mestach 1 6 6$^2$ 7$^7$ ||||

## Germany vs. Ukraine

| Germany 3 | Porsche-Arena, Stuttgart, Germany 22–23 April 2017 Clay (indoors) | Porsche-Arena, Stuttgart, Germany 22–23 April 2017 Clay (indoors) | Ukraine 2 |
| 1 2 3 1 Julia Görges Elina Svitolina 4 6 6 1 6 4   2 Angelique Kerber Lesia Tsurenko 6 1 6 4     3 Angelique Kerber Elina Svitolina 4 6 2 6     4 Julia Görges Lesia Tsurenko 6 4 6 4     5 Laura Siegemund / Carina Witthöft Nadiia Kichenok / Olga Savchuk 4 6 6 4 [6] [10] ||||

## Slovakia vs. Netherlands

| Slovakia 2 | Aegon Arena, Bratislava, Slovakia 22–23 April 2017 Clay (indoors) | Aegon Arena, Bratislava, Slovakia 22–23 April 2017 Clay (indoors) | Netherlands 3 |
| 1 2 3 1 Jana Čepelová Richèl Hogenkamp 6 3 6 2     2 Rebecca Šramková Kiki Bertens 1 6 3 6     3 Jana Čepelová Kiki Bertens 3 6 3 6     4 Kristína Kučová Richèl Hogenkamp 5 7 4 6     5 Daniela Hantuchová / Rebecca Šramková Cindy Burger / Arantxa Rus 2 1      retired ||||
# Jarvis Borum

Jarvis Borum (born September 16, 1978) is an American former professional football offensive guard and tackle who played one season for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at NC State and was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Cardinals in 2001.

## Early life and education

Borum was born on September 16, 1978. He attended high school at W. J. Keenan (SC) and college at NC State.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) | 332 lb (151 kg) | 10 in (0.25 m) | 5.04 s | 1.76 s | 3.00 s | 4.83 s | 8.08 s | 30.5 in (0.77 m) | 8 ft 11 in (2.72 m) | 25 reps |
| All values from NFL Scouting Combine |||||||||||
Arizona Cardinals
Borum was signed as an undrafted free-agent on April 23, 2001. Ironically, he was listed as a guard and never played a snap of guard in high school or college. He was released on November 6. He was then signed to the practice squad the next day. In 2001 he played 1 game. In 2002 he did not make the Cardinals roster, due to burnout from forced allocation to the NFL EUROPE.
Scottish Claymores
Borum played for the Scottish Claymores in 2002 and was named 2002 Official All-NFLE.
Cleveland Browns
In September 2002 he was signed to the practice squad of the Cleveland Browns. He was released two weeks later.
Miami Dolphins
He was signed by the Miami Dolphins but did not make the roster due to injury. In his career he played one game.
# Ciao (film)

Ciao is a 2008 gay independent film directed and co-written by Yen Tan and starring Adam Neal Smith, Alessandro Calza, Charles W. Blaum and Ethel Lung.

## Synopsis

With the slogan "If you could go back... what would you say to the one you loved", Ciao (meaning both hello and goodbye in Italian) tells the story of two men who form an unlikely bond when a mutual friend named Mark (played by Charles W. Blaum) dies unexpectedly in a car crash in Dallas
Mark's best friend Jeff (Adam Neal Smith) is left with the task of going through Mark's personal effects and informing relatives and friends of his death. While going through Mark's e-mails to let people know about his passing, Jeff discovers that Mark was corresponding with an Italian man named Andrea (Alessandro Calza), who had already planned a trip to fly to Dallas to visit Mark for the first time without knowing he had actually died.
Jeff invites Andrea to come to Texas anyway and stay with him for two days at his place. Ciao portrays these two days where the two bereaved friends one from Dallas and the other from Italy meet and talk mostly about Mark and the impact he had on both of them in a close, personal and frank manner. Through these intimate conversations, the two men form a rapport that grows, and they are soon drawn together both by their connection with the deceased Mark, and by a growing intimacy with each other. Andrea has to leave at the end of his two-day stay, but invites Jeff to Italy for a visit at some later date.

## Cast

* Adam Neal Smith as Jeff
* Alessandro Calza as Andrea
* Charles W. Blaum as Mark
* Ethel Lung as Lauren
* John S. Boles as Mark's Father
* Margaret Lake as Mark's Mother
* Tiffany Vollmer as Doctor

## Production

Ciao was made on a very small budget and was co-written by Yen Tan and actor Alessandro Calza. The film was produced by Jim McMahon, co-produced and edited by David Patrick Lowery, and co-produced by James M. Johnston, who also served as the 1st assistant director.

## Reception

The film received mixed reviews. Ruthe Stein from the San Francisco Chronicle praised the acting, but like some other reviewers criticised the "snails pace" of the movie's story. AfterElton named Ciao "the best gay movie I've seen this year" and the Los Angeles Times called it "a revelation; a minimalist work of maximum effect".

## Awards

The film won the Jury Prize / Best Feature Film at the Philadelphia International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival, the Queer Lion at Venice Film Festival, was given honorable mention at the Dallas International Film Festival, and was part of the Official Selection for Outline Framefest Newline.
# Fuk Li

Fuk K. Li (李復國; /fuːk/ FOOK) is the Director of the Mars Exploration Directorate at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Li's directorate is responsible for JPL's projects exploring Mars, including two orbiters (Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter), two famous rovers (Spirit and Opportunity), the Phoenix stationary laboratory which landed near the north pole of Mars in 2008, and the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover that was sent to the red planet in 2011 and landed there in 2012.

## Biography

Li was born in Hong Kong in 1953, and received his secondary school education in Queen Elizabeth School, Hong Kong.
He received his bachelor's (1975) and Ph.D. (1979) degrees in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He joined JPL in 1979 and has been involved in radar remote sensing activities. He has developed a number of system analysis tools for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar system design, and participated in the development of and applications for interferometric synthetic aperture radar. From 1983 to 1988, he was the project engineer for the NASA Scatterometer. He was principal investigator for an airborne rain mapping radar, an airborne cloud mapping radar, an experiment using spaceborne imaging radar to study rainfall effects on ocean roughness, and the development of an airborne active/passive microwave system for ocean salinity and soil moisture sensing. From 1997 to 2001 he managed the New Millennium Program, designed to flight-validate key technologies that bring significant benefits to future science missions. He became deputy director of JPL's Solar System Exploration Program Directorate in 2001, and deputy director for the Mars Exploration Directorate in 2004, and director for the Mars Exploration Directorate in 2005. He is currently also the NASA Mars Exploration Program Manager.
In 2007, Li received the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal and in 2008, the NASA Distinguished Service Medal.
# Clarke Observatory

The Clarke Observatory is located on the University of Mount Union campus in Alliance, Ohio.

## History

Originally built for private use, the observatory was sold to Elmer Harrold, another private owner, who donated to Mount Union College upon the graduation of his daughter from the college. A new observatory was built on campus to house the observatory in 1923 and outfitted with the telescope from the first Clarke Observatory. The second observatory was demolished in 1969 and the telescope moved to East Hall at Mount Union College.

## Observatories

First Observatory
* Location: Dunkirk, New York
* Construction Began: 1897
* Benefactor: Charles Ezra Hequembourg
* Telescope Mounted: 1897, German equatorial
* First Telescope: George N. Saegmuller 9-inch refractor, 117-inch focal length
* First Light: 1897
* Dome Material: bronze
* Directors:
** Charles Ezra Hequembourg, private owner (1897-1907)
** Mrs. Hequembourg, private owner (1907-1914)
Second Observatory
* Location: Alliance, Ohio
* Construction Began: 1923
* Benefactor: Elmer Harrold
* First Telescope: George N. Saegmuller 9-inch refractor, 117-inch focal length, moved from New York
* Directors:
** Elmer Harrold, private owner (1917-1919), donated to Mount Union College
Third Observatory
* Location: Alliance, Ohio
* Construction Began: 1969
* Refinished: 1952, by the Alliance Tool Company
* Telescope Mounted: 1969
* First Telescope: 9-inch Saegmuller, refurbished with 8.5-inch lens with 135-inch focal length by J. W. Fecker Company of Pittsburgh.
* Directors:
** James P. Rodman
# 2017 CSU Pueblo ThunderWolves football team

The 2017 CSU Pueblo ThunderWolves football team represented Colorado State University–Pueblo as a member of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference (RMAC) during 2017 NCAA Division II football season. Led by tenth-year head coach John Wristen, the ThunderWolves compiled an overall record of 9–3 with a mark of 9–1 in conference play, sharing the RMCA title with Colorado Mesa. CSU Pueblo advanced to the NCAA Division II Football Championship playoffs, where they lost to Minnesota State in the first round. The ThunderWolves played their home games at Neta and Eddie DeRose ThunderBowl in Pueblo, Colorado.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| August 31 | 6:00 p.m. | No. 16 Colorado Mines | No. 12 | Neta and Eddie DeRose ThunderBowlPueblo, CO | W 38–7 | 5,595 |
| September 9 | 5:00 p.m. | at West Texas A&M* | No. 7 | Kimbrough Memorial StadiumCanyon, TX | L 21–24 | 6,095 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AFCA Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Mountain time |||||||

## Ranking movements

Ranking movements :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | Pre | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Final |
| AFCA Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Cyclamen vernum

The scientific name Cyclamen vernum has been applied to several species:
* Cyclamen balearicum
* Cyclamen repandum
* Cyclamen coum
* Cyclamen parviflorum
# James Greig (Australian politician)

James Alexander Greig (10 September 1872 – 22 June 1925) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council representing the South-East Province from his election on 20 April 1916 until the end of his term in 1925. Greig was a member of the Country Party.
# Chilean corvette Magallanes

The corvette Magallanes was ordered by the Chilean government after the disastrous consequences of the War against Spain in 1864-1866 and the rising border conflict with the neighboring countries at the end of the 1870s.

## In the far southern region of Chile

In 1874 she was ordered to travel to the Strait of Magellan to produce charts of the Angostura Inglesa in the Messier Channel, and of the Bahia Possession in the strait.
In January 1876, during patrols off the far south of Chile and under the command of Juan José Latorre, the French ship Jeanne Amelie was seized off the coast of Rio Negro as they loaded guano without a Chilean license. By the attempt to bring the ship to Punta Arenas, the Jeanne Amelie sank on 27 April 1876 at the eastern entrance of the Strait of Magellan. Later the American ship Devonshire was also seized.
In 1877, also under the command of Juan José Latorre, the crew of the corvette put down "El motín de los artilleros" ("The Mutiny of the Artillerymen") and restored the rule of law in Punta Arenas. In July 1878, Magallanes was despatched from Punta Arenas to Melville Sound to tow the British barque Kate Kellock, which had been struck by a wave and severely damaged, in to Punta Arenas. The two ships arrived there on 2 August.

## War of the Pacific

The Magallanes was a protagonist of the Battle of Chipana in April 1879, the first naval battle of the war. In September 1879 she was refitted in Valparaíso and Carlos Condell took the command of the ship. In November she was involved in the amphibious assault on the port of Pisagua.

## Civil War of 1891

During the civil war of 1891 she sided with the Junta of Iquique.
In 1906 the ship was decommissioned, handed over to the Merchant Navy. In 1907 she sank off Corral.
* Corvette Magallanes during the War of the Pacific
* The main gun, an Armstrong 115-pounder
* Deck
* Deck
* Officers of the Chilean ship Magallanes
* Capture of the US Devonshire by the Magallanes
# Chezala

Chezala is a genus of moths of the family Oecophoridae.

## Species

* Chezala aleurias Turner, 1917
* Chezala anaxia Turner, 1941
* Chezala aterpna Turner, 1941
* Chezala brachypepla (Meyrick, 1883)
* Chezala butyrina Turner, 1941
* Chezala carella (Walker, 1864)
* Chezala carphalea (Meyrick, 1884)
* Chezala carphodes Turner, 1941
* Chezala cataxera (Meyrick, 1884)
* Chezala cathara Diakonoff, 1954
* Chezala conjunctella (Walker, 1864)
* Chezala crypsileuca (Meyrick, 1884)
* Chezala erythrastis (Meyrick, 1889)
* Chezala fulvia (Butler, 1882)
* Chezala galactina (Turner, 1916)
* Chezala glaphyropla (Meyrick, 1884)
* Chezala isocycla Meyrick, 1922
* Chezala leparga (Turner, 1917)
* Chezala liopa Turner, 1927
* Chezala liquida (Meyrick, 1914)
* Chezala limitaris Meyrick, 1915
* Chezala lucens Meyrick, 1915
* Chezala lunularis Meyrick, 1926
* Chezala maculata Turner, 1941
* Chezala micranepsia (Turner, 1927)
* Chezala minyra (Meyrick, 1914)
* Chezala ochrobapta Lower, 1920
* Chezala osteochroa (Turner, 1898)
* Chezala privatella (Walker, 1864)
* Chezala silvestris Turner, 1917
* Chezala torva Turner, 1941
# Jacob Auch

Jacob Auch was a skillful German mechanic, instrument and clock-maker, born on 22 February 1765, in Echterdingen, a town near Stuttgart. In Echterdingen from 1781 till 1790 he served the famous Philipp Matthäus Hahn. The young Jacob was an apprentice of Hahn and worked in his workshop. From 1787 Auch opened his own workshop in Vaihingen an der Enz, where he worked till 1798, and from 1798 till 1842 served as a ducal mechanic (herzoglicher Hofuhrmacher) at the Weimar court. He is well known as the author of two books on watchmaking, one of the books—Handbuch für Landuhrmacher, was published first time in 1827 and reprinted many times during the next century.
Jacob Auch died on 20 March 1842 in Weimar.
# Functional Requirements for Authority Data

Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), formerly known as Functional Requirements for Authority Records (FRAR), is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) for relating the data that are recorded in library authority records to the needs of the users of those records and facilitate and sharing of that data.
The draft was presented in 2004 at the 70th IFLA General Conference and Council in Buenos Aires by Glenn Patton. It is an extension and expansion to the FRBR model, adding numerous entities and attributes.
The conceptual work and future implementations are aimed at supporting four tasks, frequently executed by users in a library context—either the library patrons (the first three tasks), or the librarians themselves (all four tasks):
* Find: Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria;
* Identify: Identify an entity;
* Contextualize: Place a person, corporate body, work, etc. in context;
* Justify: Document the authority record creator's reason for choosing the name or form of name on which an access point is based.
Next to the development of FRAR, the Working Group on Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR) is also charged to study the feasibility of an International Standard Authority Data Number (ISADN) and serve as the official IFLA liaison to and work with other interested groups concerning authority files.
# Clarke Pearmain

'Clarke Pearmain', also called 'Golden Pearmain', 'Glouster Pearmain, 'Yellow Pearmain', and possibly the same as 'Columbian Russet', is a medium-sized apple cultivar. It was grown at Monticello by Thomas Jefferson.
# Cyanopepla submacula

Cyanopepla submacula is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama and Venezuela.
# A Sign of the Times (Joe Pass album)

A Sign of the Times is an album by American jazz guitarist Joe Pass that was released in 1965 by World Pacific Records. It includes orchestrated versions of pop hits. The title track was a hit for Petula Clark. The album was reissued on CD with Simplicity in 2002 by Euphoria.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
In his Allmusic review, Scott Yanow called it "A historical curiosity at best".

## Track listing

* "A Sign of the Times" (Tony Hatch)
* "Sensa Fine" (Gino Paoli, Alec Wilder)
* "Nowhere Man" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney)
* "Dindi" (Ray Gilbert, Antônio Carlos Jobim)
* "A Summer Song" (Clive Metcalfe, Keith Noble, Chad Stuart)
* "Moment to Moment" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer)
* "It Was a Very Good Year" (Ervin Drake)
* "Are You There (With Another Girl)" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David)
* "What Now My Love (Et Maintenant)" (Gilbert Bécaud, Pierre Delanoë, Carl Sigman)
* "Softly as I Leave You" (Giorgio Calabrese, Antonio De Vita, Hal Shaper)
* "Sweet September" (Bill McGuffie, Phyllis L. Kasha, Stanley Mills)

## Personnel

* Joe Pass – guitar
* Chet Baker – flugelhorn
* Frank Capp – drums
* Bob Florence – arranger, conductor
* Unidentified vocal group and orchestra
* Bruce Botnick – engineer