# Bruce (New Zealand electorate)

Bruce was a rural parliamentary electorate in the Otago region of New Zealand, from 1861 to 1922. For part of the 1860s with the influx to Otago of gold-miners it was a multi-member constituency with two members.

## Population centres

In 1865 the Bruce electorate included Tokomairiro, Waihola, East Taieri, suburbs of Dunedin, Inch Clutha, Lawrence, Warepa and Pomahaka.

## History

The Bruce electorate was formed in the 1860 electoral redistribution. It covered the rural area surrounding Dunedin that had previously been part of the Dunedin Country electorate. The Bruce electorate was a two-member constituency. The electorate was named after Robert the Bruce who was King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329.
Charles Kettle and Thomas Gillies were the only two candidates for the newly constituted two-member electorate of Bruce. They were thus declared elected unopposed on 11 February 1861.
Kettle died on 5 June 1862. Edward Cargill succeeded him in the 1862 by-election.
Thomas Gillies resigned in 1865 and the subsequent by-election was contested by William John Dyer and Arthur John Burns. On 8 April 1865, Burns and Dyer received 102 and 78 votes. Burns was thus declared elected.
Later in 1865, Edward Cargill resigned. The resulting by-election, held on 26 July, was contested by James Macandrew and John Cargill. Macandrew and J. Cargill received 207 and 34 votes, and Macandrew was declared elected.
From the 1866 general election, Bruce was a single-member electorate. John Cargill was its first representative, and he resigned in 1870. James Clark Brown won the 1870 by-election on 21 March. Brown stood for Tuapeka in the 1871 general election. William Murray won the 1871 election for Bruce, was confirmed in 1876 and 1879, but defeated in 1881 by James Rutherford, who died in 1883. James McDonald won the 1883 by-election, but was defeated at the 1884 general election.
Robert Gillies won the 1884 general election, but resigned on 30 June 1885. Donald Reid won the resulting 1885 by-election, but was defeated at the 1887 general election by Crawford Anderson. He retired at the end of the term, and the 1890 general election was won by James William Thomson, who resigned again in 1892.
The later Defence Minister James Allen won the 1892 by-election and held the seat until 1920, when he resigned. John Edie was successful in the 1920 by-election, and when the electorate was abolished in 1922, he successfully stood for Clutha.

## Members of Parliament

Bruce was represented by 16 Members of Parliament.
Key:
Independent  Conservative  Reform  Liberal

### 1861 to 1866

Bruce was a two-member electorate from 1861 to 1866.
| Election | Winner | Winner |
| 1861 election | Charles Kettle | Thomas Gillies |
| 1862 by-election | Edward Cargill | Thomas Gillies |
| April 1865 by-election | Edward Cargill | Arthur John Burns |
| July 1865 by-election | James Macandrew | Arthur John Burns |

### 1866 to 1922

From 1866 to 1922, Bruce was a single-member electorate.
| Election | Winner |
| 1866 election | John Cargill |
| 1870 by-election | James Clark Brown |
| 1871 election | William Murray |
| 1876 election | William Murray |
| 1879 election | William Murray |
| 1881 election | James Rutherford |
| 1883 by-election | James McDonald |
| 1884 election | Robert Gillies |
| 1885 by-election | Donald Reid |
| 1887 election | Crawford Anderson |
| 1890 election | James William Thomson |
| 1892 by-election | James Allen |
| 1893 election | James Allen |
| 1896 election | James Allen |
| 1899 election | James Allen |
| 1902 election | James Allen |
| 1905 election | James Allen |
| 1908 election | James Allen |
| 1911 election | James Allen |
| 1914 election | James Allen |
| 1919 election | James Allen |
| 1920 by-election | John Edie |
| (Electorate abolished 1922; see Clutha) |||

## Election results
### 1920 by-election

1920 Bruce by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | John Edie | 2,421 | 51.14 | +2.22 |
| | Reform | James Begg | 2,297 | 48.52 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 16 | 0.33 | −0.87 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 124 | 2.61 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,734 | 63.92 | −16.28 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,406 | | |

### 1919 election

1919 general election: Bruce :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Reform | James Allen | 2,993 | 51.08 |
| | Liberal | John Edie | 2,867 | 48.92 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 71 | 1.20 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 126 | 2.15 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,931 | 80.20 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,395 | |

### 1899 election

1899 general election: Bruce :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | James Allen | 1,966 | 55.10 |
| | Liberal | Crawford Anderson | 1,602 | 44.90 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 364 | 10.20 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,568 | 76.48 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 4,665 | |

### 1892 by-election

1892 Bruce by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | James Allen | 1,085 | 66.85 |
| | Liberal | Alfred Lee Smith | 538 | 33.14 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 547 | 33.70 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,623 | 75.06 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 2,162 | |

### 1890 election

1890 general election: Bruce :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | James William Thomson | 872 | 69.76 |
| | Conservative | James Smith | 378 | 30.24 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 494 | 39.51 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,250 | 59.80 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 2,090 | |

### 1885 by-election

1885 Bruce by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Donald Reid | 336 | 31.61 |
| | Independent | James McDonald | 327 | 30.76 |
| | Independent | J. C. Anderson | 303 | 28.50 |
| | Independent | William Hutchison | 97 | 9.13 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9 | 0.85 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1063 | |

### 1883 by-election

1883 Bruce by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | James McDonald | 472 | 46.64 |
| | Independent | Robert Gillies | 451 | 44.57 |
| | Independent | William A. Mosley | 89 | 8.79 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 21 | 2.08 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1136 | |

### 1871 election

1871 general election: Bruce :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | William Murray | 131 | 40.43 |
| | Independent | William John Dyer | 90 | 27.78 |
| | Independent | William Cutten | 72 | 22.22 |
| | Independent | William Black | 31 | 9.57 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 41 | 12.65 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 324 | 60.79 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 533 | |

### July 1865 by-election

July 1865 Bruce by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | James Macandrew | 207 | 85.89 |
| | Independent | John Cargill | 34 | 14.11 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 173 | 71.78 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 241 | 48.20 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 500 | |

### April 1865 by-election

April 1865 Bruce by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Arthur John Burns | 102 | 56.67 |
| | Independent | William John Dyer | 78 | 43.33 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 24 | 13.33 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 180 | 36.00 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 500 | |

### 1862 by-election

1862 Bruce by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Edward Cargill | 74 | 57.81 |
| | Independent | William Baldwin | 54 | 42.19 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 128 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 20 | |