OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Culver Aircraft Company

The Culver Aircraft Company was an American aircraft manufacturer of light aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s.

## History

The Dart Manufacturing Corporation was founded in Columbus, Ohio, by Monocoupe dealer Knight K. Culver and Al Mooney to purchase the rights to the Mooney-designed Monosport G from the defunct Lambert Aircraft Corporation. The company was renamed the Culver Aircraft Company in 1939. In December 1939, Culver produced the Culver Model L, later renaming it Cadet. Production was supervised by Al's brother, Art Mooney.
Having moved from Columbus to Wichita, Kansas, after producing 50 aircraft, two retractable-gear models, the LFA and LCA, were introduced, and in 1941 the company was taken over by Walter Beech (founder of Beechcraft) and Charles Yankey. The company switched to subcontract work during World War II. Culver produced a radio-controlled pilotless aircraft based on the LFA for use as target drones. Over 3000 PQ-8/TDC and PQ-14/TD2C gunnery target drones were produced for the USAAF and USN.
T. Bowring Woodbury was promoted to president in 1945. That same year, Culver developed the Model V. The V, also known as the M-17, featured a patented flight control system, known as Simpli-Fly Control, which automated a number of flight functions; the system was looked down upon by pilots, and the Model V was not considered a success. The Model V was developed into the XPQ-15 drone, but did not win production orders; not very long after the end of World War II, Culver Aircraft entered bankruptcy, the Mooney brothers departing to form the Mooney Aircraft Company and the manufacturing plant was purchased by the Coleman Company. In 1956, the Superior Aircraft Company was established, purchasing the assets of the Culver Aircraft Company, and put the Model V back into production as the Superior Satellite.

## Aircraft

| Model name | First flight | Number built | Notes |
| Dart G | 1938 | 50 | |
| Dart GC | 1939 | 10 | |
| Dart GK | 1938 | 25 | |
| Dart GW | 1939 | 8 | |
| Dart GW Special | 1939 | 2 | |
| Cadet LCA | 1939 | | |
| Cadet LFA | 1939 | | |
| Cadet LFA-90 | 1941 | | |
| LAR (Army A-8) | 1941 | | Redesignated as PQ-8 |
| LAR-90 (Army PQ-8) | 1941 | 200 | |
| PQ-8A | 1941 | 200 | |
| Q-8A | | | Redesignated PQ-8s. |
| PQ-10 | 1940s | 0 | |
| TDC-1 | 1941 | 1 | |
| TDC-2 | 1941 | 201 | |
| XPQ-14 | 1942 | 1 | Converted PQ-8 |
| PQ-14A/TD2C Turkey | 1942 | 1400 | |
| PQ-14B | | 1100 | |
| XPQ-14C | | 1 | Converted PQ-14B |
| Q-14 | | | Redesignated PQ-14s |
| XPQ-15 | 1945 | | |
| Culver Model V | 1946 | 90 | |
# Liotina hermanni

Liotina hermanni is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Liotiidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Queensland, Australia
# Camila Rebelo

Camila Rodrigues Rebelo (born 3 February 2003) is a Portuguese swimmer. She is the first Portuguese to win gold in a European Aquatics Championship.

## Career

Camila Rebelo started swimming at 2 years old, in the municipal pool of Lousã.
At the 2022 Mediterranean Games, in Oran, Camila gained two gold medals, one at the 100 metre backstroke event, finishing 1m01.34s; and the other in 200 metre backstroke. She was the only participant to reach two first places in the competition.
In 2023, she was the first Portuguese person to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics, by winning the 200 metre backstroke event at the 2023 Open de España de Primavera de Natación [es], in Palma de Mallorca, with a time of 2:09.84 minutes, setting a new record for Portugal. In the same year, at the 2021 Summer World University Games, in Chengdu, Camila won the silver medals in 200 metre and 100 metre backstroke, which made her the first female Portuguese swimmer to reach a world podium. In December, she placed fifth in the 2023 European Short Course Swimming Championships, in Otopeni.
On 18 June 2024, at 21 years old, she won the gold medal in the 200 metres backstroke at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships, in Belgrade, becoming the first Portuguese to win gold in the history of the championship and setting a new national record of 2:08.95 minutes.
# List of football stadiums in Montenegro

The following is a list of football stadiums in Montenegro, ordered by seating capacity. The minimum required capacity is 1,000.

## Current stadiums

| Rank | Stadium | City | Capacity | Home team(s) | Built | Renovated |
| 1 | Podgorica City Stadium | Podgorica | 11,264 | Montenegro, Budućnost | 1945 | 2006 |
| 2 | Berane City Stadium | Berane | 7,466 | Berane, Radnički Berane, Napredak | 1981 | 2018 |
| 3 | Nikšić City Stadium | Nikšić | 5,214 | Sutjeska Nikšić | 1946 | 2007 |
| 4 | Sveti Petar Cetinjski | Cetinje | 5,192 | Lovćen, Cetinje | 1957 | 2021 |
| 5 | Pljevlja City Stadium | Pljevlja | 5,140 | Rudar Pljevlja, Pljevlja 1997 | 1948 | 2016 |
| 6 | Bijelo Polje City Stadium | Bijelo Polje | 4,000 | Jedinstvo | 2005 | 2005 |
| 7 | Trešnjica | Golubovci | 4,000 | Zeta | 1996 | 2016 |
| 8 | Bandžovo Brdo | Rožaje | 3,000 | Ibar | 1946 | 1997 |
| 9 | Topolica | Bar | 2,500 | Mornar | 1980 | |
| 10 | Braća Velašević | Danilovgrad | 2,500 | Iskra Danilovgrad | 1947 | 2016 |
| 11 | Pod Racinom | Plav | 2,500 | Jezero | 1948 | 2008 |
| 12 | Stadion u Parku | Tivat | 2,000 | Arsenal Tivat | 1945 | |
| 13 | Tuško Polje | Tuzi | 2,000 | Dečić | 2006 | 2016 |
| 14 | Željezara Stadium | Nikšić | 2,000 | Čelik Nikšić | 1957 | 1995 |
| 15 | Gusinje City Stadium | Gusinje | 2,000 | Gusinje | 1996 | |
| 16 | Spuž City Stadium | Spuž | 1,700 | Zora | 1955 | 2001 |
| 17 | Mitar Mićo Goliš | Petrovac | 1,630 | OFK Petrovac | 1969 | 2013 |
| 18 | Solila | Igalo | 1,600 | Igalo 1929 | 1995 | |
| 19 | DG Arena | Podgorica | 1,500 | OFK Mladost 1970 | 2018 | |
| 20 | Mojkovac City Stadium | Mojkovac | 1,500 | Brskovo | 2001 | 2009 |
| 21 | Lugovi | Budva | 1,500 | Mogren | 1960 | 1990 |
| 22 | Donja Sutvara | Radanovići | 1,500 | OFK Grbalj | 1995 | 2004 |
| 23 | Stadion Olympic | Ulcinj | 1,500 | Otrant | 1975 | |
| 24 | Mladost Stadium | Podgorica | 1,250 | OFK Titograd | 2007 | |
| 25 | Zlatica | Podgorica | 1,200 | Kom | 2016 | |
| 26 | Camp FSCG Stadium | Podgorica | 1,050 | Ribnica, Grafičar Podgorica | 2007 | |
| 27 | Stadion pod Vrmcem | Kotor | 1,000 | Bokelj | 1922 | 2004 |
| 28 | Tološi Stadium | Podgorica | 1,000 | Crvena Stijena | 1964 | 2003 |
| 29 | Ravni Žabljak Stadium | Žabljak | 1,000 | OFK Durmitor | 2001 | 2019 |
| 30 | Stadion u Lugu | Kolašin | 1,000 | Gorštak | 1927 | 2010 |
| 31 | Bianca Stadium | Kolašin | 1,000 | Gorštak | 1993 | |
| 32 | Madžarica | Bar | 1,000 | Hajduk Bar, Sloga Bar | 1980 | |
| 33 | Gusare | Petnjica | 1,000 | Petnjica | 1977 | 2012 |

## Demolished stadiums

Stadiums which have been demolished and no longer exist.
| Stadium | City | Capacity | Home team(s) | Built | Demolished |
| Stadion Cvijetin Brijeg | Podgorica | 1,500 | OFK Titograd | 1997 | 2008 |
# Crab-eating mongoose

The crab-eating mongoose (Urva urva) is a species of mongoose found from the north-eastern Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to southern China and Taiwan. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

## Taxonomy

Gulo urva was the scientific name introduced by Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1836 who first described the type specimen that originated in central Nepal. It was later classified in the genus Herpestes, but all Asian mongooses are now thought to belong in the genus Urva, of which U. urva is the type species.

## Characteristics

The crab-eating mongoose is grey on the sides and dusky brown on neck, chest, belly and limbs. It has a broad white stripe on the sides of the neck extending from the cheeks to the shoulder. It has white specks on the top of the head, its chin is white and its throat gray. Its iris is yellow. Its ears are short and rounded. It has webs between the digits. In head-to-body length it ranges from 47.7 to 55.8 cm (18.8 to 22.0 in) with a 28 to 34 cm (11 to 13 in) long bushy tail. Its weight ranges from 1.1 to 2.5 kg (2.4 to 5.5 lb).

## Distribution and habitat

The crab-eating mongoose occurs in northeastern India, northern Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It is rare in Bangladesh. It has been recorded at altitudes from sea level to 1,800 m (5,900 ft).
In Nepal, it inhabits subtropical evergreen and moist deciduous forests, and has also been observed on agricultural land near human settlements. In India, it was recorded in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. In Bangladesh, it was recorded in the eastern forested hills in Sylhet and Chittagong areas. In Myanmar, it was recorded in the Bumhpa Bum hills at up to 930 m (3,050 ft) altitude, in Hukawng Valley, Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park, Bago Yoma and Myinmoletkat Taung during surveys between 2001 and 2003. In China's Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan provinces, it was recorded in subtropical limestone forest during interview and camera-trapping surveys carried out between 1997 and 2005.

## Ecology and behaviour

Crab-eating mongooses are usually active in the mornings and evenings, and were observed in groups of up to four individuals. They are supposed to be good swimmers, and hunt along the banks of streams and close to water.
Despite their common name, their diet consists not only of crabs, but also just about anything else they can catch, including fish, snails, frogs, rodents, birds, reptiles, and insects.

## Conservation

Urva urva is listed in CITES Appendix III.
# Genre analysis

Genre analysis may refer to:
* Genre criticism
* Genre studies
# Richard Chaloner

Richard Chaloner is the name of:
* Richard Chaloner, 1st Baron Gisborough (1856–1938), British soldier and politician
* Richard Chaloner, 3rd Baron Gisborough (born 1927), British nobleman
# 3rd Writers Guild of America Awards

The 3rd Writers Guild of America Awards honored the best film writers of 1950. Winners were announced in 1951.

## Winners and nominees
### Film

Winners are listed first highlighted in boldface.
| Best Written Film Concerning American Scene The Men, Written by Carl Foreman Broken Arrow, Screenplay by Albert Maltz; based on the novel by Elliott Arnold No Way Out, Screenplay by Joseph L.Mankiewicz, and Lesser Samuels Panic in the Streets, Screenplay by Richard Murphy, Daniel Fuchs, based on a story by Edna Anhalt, and Edward Anhalt The Asphalt Jungle, Screenplay by Ben Maddow, and John Huston; based on a novel by W. R. Burnett | Best Written Western Broken Arrow, Screenplay by Albert Maltz A Ticket to Tomahawk, Screenplay by Mary Loos, and Richard Sale Devil's Doorway, Screenplay by Guy Trosper Rio Grande, Screenplay by James McGuinness The Gunfighter, Screenplay by William Bowers, and William Sellers; story by William Bowers, and André de Toth Winchester '73, Screenplay by Robert L. Richards, and Borden Chase; story by Stuart N. Lake |
| Best Written Musical Annie Get Your Gun, Screenplay by Sidney Sheldon My Blue Heaven, Screenplay by Lamar Trotti, and Claude Binyon Summer Stock, Screenplay by George Wells, and Sy Gomberg; story by Sy Gomberg The West Point Story, Screenplay by John Monks Jr., Charles Hoffman, and Irving Wallace Three Little Words, Screenplay by George Wells | Best Written Drama Sunset Boulevard, Written by Charles Brackett & Billy Wilder & D.M. Marshman Jr. All About Eve, Screenplay by Joseph L. Mankiewicz Panic in the Streets, Screenplay by Richard Murphy; story by Edna Anhalt, and Edward Anhalt The Asphalt Jungle, Screenplay by Ben Maddow, and John Huston The Men, Screenplay by Carl Foreman |
| Best Written Comedy All About Eve, Written by Joseph L. Mankiewicz Adam's Rib, Screenplay by Ruth Gordon, and Garson Kanin Born Yesterday, Screenplay by Albert Mannheimer, based on a Play by Garson Kanin Father of the Bride, Screenplay by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett; based on the novel by Edward Streeter The Jackpot, Screenplay by Phoebe Ephron, and Henry Ephron; story by John McNulty | |
# Cumberland point

A Cumberland point is a lithic projectile point, attached to a spear and used as a hunting tool. These sturdy points were intended for use as thrusting weapons and employed by various mid-Paleo-Indians (c. 11,000 BP) in the Southeastern United States in the killing of large game mammals.
Cumberland points are primarily found in the Cumberland River basin and throughout the Tennessee River basin. With less frequency they are found in the Mississippi River basin and in the Ohio River basin. These points have been found in the Great Lakes region with rare frequency and have been reported in Minnesota by the University of Minnesota.
# Lipovnik

Lipovnik may refer to:
* Lipovník, Topoľčany District, Slovakia
* Lipovník, Rožňava District, Slovakia
* Lipovnik, Croatia, a village near Klenovnik, Croatia
# Carallia coriifolia

Carallia coriifolia is a tree of Borneo in the family Rhizophoraceae. The specific epithet coriifolia is from the Latin meaning 'leathery leaf'.

## Description

Carallia coriifolia grows as a small tree up to 10 metres (30 ft) tall. Its flaky bark is dark grey. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to 1.2 cm (0.5 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Carallia coriifolia is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is dipterocarp forest from sea-level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) altitude.
# Da Chen

Da Chen (1962 – December 17, 2019) was a Chinese-American author whose works included Colors of the Mountain, Brothers, and Sword. Colors of the Mountain gave rise to a version for young readers, China's Son, and a sequel, Sounds of the River. The Washington Post, San Francisco Chronicle, Miami Herald and Publishers Weekly hailed Brothers as the best book of 2006.
Born in Huangshi, Putian, Fujian, China, he grew up in poverty during the Cultural Revolution. His paternal grandfather had owned land, and that wealth attracted the persecution of the Chinese Communist Party. That persecution did not spare the rest of the family, and Chen was expelled from school and sent down to the countryside to do hard labor. Even though the Cultural Revolution denied him much of his formal education, Chen studied for and performed well in the college entrance exams reinstated after the Cultural Revolution. He was admitted to and graduated from Beijing Language and Culture University. After teaching there, he emigrated to the U.S. on a scholarship for Union College in Lincoln, Nebraska. In 1990, he received a J.D. from Columbia Law School, and he then worked as an investment banker while writing. After the publications of his memoirs, he also taught writing at Fairfield University and New York University.
Chen lived in Southern California with his wife, Sunny, and two children. Chen died December 17, 2019, at his home in Temecula, California, from lung cancer.
# 511 Davida

511 Davida is a large C-type asteroid in the asteroid belt. It is one of the largest asteroids; approximately tied for 7th place, to within measurement uncertainties, and the 5th or 6th most massive. It was discovered by R. S. Dugan in 1903. Davida is named after David Peck Todd, an astronomy professor at Amherst College.

## Physical characteristics

Davida is approximately 270–310 km in diameter and comprises an estimated 1.5% of the total mass of the asteroid belt. It is a C-type asteroid, which means that it is dark in colouring with a carbonaceous chondrite composition.
From 2002 to 2007, astronomers at the Keck Observatory used the Keck II telescope, which is fitted with adaptive optics, to photograph Davida. The asteroid is not a dwarf planet: there are at least two promontories and at least one flat facet with 15-km deviations from a best-fit ellipsoid. The facet is presumably a 150-km global-scale crater like the ones seen on 253 Mathilde. Conrad et al. (2007) show that craters of this size "can be expected from the impactor size distribution, without likelihood of catastrophic disruption of Davida."

### Mass

In 2001, Michalak estimated Davida to have a mass of (6.64±0.56)×10$^{19}$ kg. In 2007, Baer and Chesley estimated Davida to have a mass of (5.9±0.6)×10$^{19}$ kg. As of 2010, Baer suggests Davida has a mass of (3.84±0.20)×10$^{19}$ kg. This most recent estimate by Baer indicates that Davida is approximately tied with 704 Interamnia as the fifth-most-massive asteroid, though the error bars of Interamnia are large.

## Occultations

There have been 9 occultation events observed since 1987, many of which produced two or three chords. Two examples shown here.
# Glycopeptide alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase

Endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.97, endo-α-acetylgalactosaminidase, endo-α-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase, mucinaminylserine mucinaminidase, D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine mucinaminohydrolase, endo-α-GalNAc-ase, D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-galactosaminohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name glycopeptide-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-galactosaminohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    3-O-beta-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-L-serine-[protein] + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ 3-O-beta-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + L-serine-[protein]
The enzyme catalyses the release of Gal-(1->3)-beta-GalNAc alpha-linked to serine or threonine residues of mucin-type glycoproteins.
Glycopeptide α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases belong to family GH101 of glycoside hydrolases.
# Cartouche (cartography)

A cartouche in cartography is a decorative emblem on a globe or map.
Map cartouches may contain the title, the printer's address, date of publication, the scale of the map and legends, and sometimes a dedication.
The design of cartouches varies according to cartographer and period style. The cartouche emerged from decorative borders around the map in the 15th century. These were largely modelled after Italian precedent (simple strapwork), but later architectural and figurative elements (like coats of arms) were added. The imagery included often had the purpose of backing up a ruler's claim to territory.
The cartographic cartouche had its heyday in the Baroque period. Toward the end of the 18th century ornamental effects in cartography became less popular, and their style developed to simple ovals or they were omitted entirely.
# Conifold

In mathematics and string theory, a conifold is a generalization of a manifold. Unlike manifolds, conifolds can contain conical singularities, i.e. points whose neighbourhoods look like cones over a certain base. In physics, in particular in flux compactifications of string theory, the base is usually a five-dimensional real manifold, since the typically considered conifolds are complex 3-dimensional (real 6-dimensional) spaces.

## Overview

Conifolds are important objects in string theory: Brian Greene explains the physics of conifolds in Chapter 13 of his book The Elegant Universe—including the fact that the space can tear near the cone, and its topology can change. This possibility was first noticed by Candelas et al. (1988) and employed by Green & Hübsch (1988) to prove that conifolds provide a connection between all (then) known Calabi–Yau compactifications in string theory; this partially supports a conjecture by Reid (1987) whereby conifolds connect all possible Calabi–Yau complex 3-dimensional spaces.
A well-known example of a conifold is obtained as a deformation limit of a quintic - i.e. a quintic hypersurface in the projective space $\mathbb {CP} ^{4}$. The space $\mathbb {CP} ^{4}$ has complex dimension equal to four, and therefore the space defined by the quintic (degree five) equations:
$z_{1}^{5}+z_{2}^{5}+z_{3}^{5}+z_{4}^{5}+z_{5}^{5}-5\psi z_{1}z_{2}z_{3}z_{4}z_{5}=0$
in terms of homogeneous coordinates $z_{i}$ on $\mathbb {CP} ^{4}$, for any fixed complex $\psi$, has complex dimension three. This family of quintic hypersurfaces is the most famous example of Calabi–Yau manifolds. If the complex structure parameter $\psi$ is chosen to become equal to one, the manifold described above becomes singular since the derivatives of the quintic polynomial in the equation vanish when all coordinates $z_{i}$ are equal or their ratios are certain fifth roots of unity. The neighbourhood of this singular point looks like a cone whose base is topologically just.
$S^{2}\times S^{3}$
In the context of string theory, the geometrically singular conifolds can be shown to lead to completely smooth physics of strings. The divergences are "smeared out" by D3-branes wrapped on the shrinking three-sphere in Type IIB string theory and by D2-branes wrapped on the shrinking two-sphere in Type IIA string theory, as originally pointed out by Strominger (1995). As shown by Greene, Morrison & Strominger (1995), this provides the string-theoretic description of the topology-change via the conifold transition originally described by Candelas, Green & Hübsch (1990), who also invented the term "conifold" and the diagram
for the purpose. The two topologically distinct ways of smoothing a conifold are thus shown to involve replacing the singular vertex (node) by either a 3-sphere (by way of deforming the complex structure) or a 2-sphere (by way of a "small resolution"). It is believed that nearly all Calabi–Yau manifolds can be connected via these "critical transitions", resonating with Reid's conjecture.
# Campaign Against Domestic Violence

The Campaign Against Domestic Violence (CADV) was founded in 1991 to fight for better resources to deal with domestic violence, to promote awareness of domestic violence, campaign for legal change and to raise domestic violence as a workplace issue.
The campaign was launched by members of Militant to fight against proposals that later became the Child Support Act (1993) and attracted support from five trade unions and various trade union branches including Tower NUM.
The campaign organised public conferences of supporters of up to 500 people. as well as protests outside prisons where women have been jailed for violence when fighting against domestic violence.

## Programme

* Secure funding and expansion of facilities and services for women experiencing domestic violence, such as help-lines, refuges, specialist courts and women's advocates.
* Expansion in quality provision of refuges and social housing, including a pool of emergency housing.
* Increases in Income Support. Social Fund emergency grants not loans. A decent minimum wage.
* More support for children who have been affected by domestic violence, including childcare provision for under threes and support services for children.
* Employers to provide paid time off and redeployment for women fleeing domestic violence.
* Preventative education in schools about domestic violence. Programmes for male perpetrators in all areas.
* Scrap benefit penalties for lone parents. Women to be always made aware of their rights. Women on Income Support to be allowed to keep all child support payments.
* Nationally coordinated programme of domestic violence awareness training and good practice for all relevant staff i.e. housing, health, education, police, legal, social services, benefit workers etc.
* Legal aid threshold to be raised so that all women can afford legal action in relation to domestic violence.
* Safeguards for women and children in court welfare meetings and contact situations.
* Review of all cases of women in prison for killing violent partners and all other women in prison where domestic violence was a factor. Change the law on provocation and self-defence to take account of cumulative violence and abuse.
* Government to publish an annual report of the impact of all aspects of legal changes and service reforms related to domestic violence.
# Cotoneaster acuminatus

Cotoneaster acuminatus, commonly known as acuminate cotoneaster, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae that is native to the Himalayas. In forests it can be found at elevations of 1,300–3,000 metres (4,300–9,800 ft), while on hillsides it is found at 2,500–3,500 metres (8,200–11,500 ft). The species has also been introduced to Oregon.

## Description

Cotoneaster acuminatus is 2 to 4 metres (6 ft 7 in to 13 ft 1 in) in height. Its petioles and lanceolates, both of which are villous, are 3 to 5 millimetres (0.12 to 0.20 in) in length.

## Distribution

The species is found in Bhutan, Nepal, China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), and India (Sikkim).