OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dark retreat

Dark retreat (Wylie: mun mtshams) is a spiritual retreat in a space that is completely absent of light, which is an advanced practice of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön.

## Overview

The dark retreat environment of the Bon religion is particularly conducive to the practice of certain visionary yogas (such as the “six-limbed yoga” of Kalacakra and the Dzogchen practice of Thögal for the attainment of the Rainbow Body), which according to Hatchell are "techniques that lead to the experience of spontaneously arising visual experiences, which are said to occur without deliberate effort or conceptual imagination, and which appear before the practitioner’s eyes."
According Hatchell, the Kalacakra system's six yogas:
   instruct the yogi to spend lengthy periods either gazing at the blank sky or residing in a dark room specially prepared to seal out all light. Both of these are forms of sensory deprivation and result in a series of unstructured appearances of light—like sparks, fireflies, and so forth—that ultimately coalesce into a vision of deities, or the appearance of a luminous goddess known as the Great Seal (mahamudra, phyag rgya chen mo).
Regarding the Dzogchen tradition of visionary practice, Hatchell writes:
   While the Great Perfection contains a diversity of visionary yogas, their basic format bears many similarities to Kalacakra’s six yogas: an organizing theme of dark and light, the use of dark-retreat and sky-gazing, a sequence of visions that progresses from unstructured spots of light to encounters with fully formed deities, and a tendency to use these visions as the basis for philosophical discussion.
Hatchell notes that there are major differences between the Kalachakra and Dzogchen system, including different "preliminary practices that prepare the yogi for vision" and "the details and sequences of the main practices" are also different. Also, Dzogchen "presents a unique system of luminous energy channels that traverse the body’s interior and give rise to vision, a feature that is absent in Kalacakra."
The dark retreat practice is discussed in the various Kalachakra works, such as the Stainless Light Commentary. It is also discussed in the Dzogchen tantra titled Tantra of the Blazing Lamps (sgron ma 'bar ba’i rgyud), one of the Seventeen Tantras. Similar practices are also discussed in the Advice on the Six Lamps and its commentary by Drugom Gyalwa Yungdrung, which are part of Bon religion.
The time period dedicated to dark retreat varies from a few hours to decades. Dark retreat in the Himalayan tradition is a restricted practice only to be engaged by the senior spiritual practitioner under appropriate spiritual guidance. This practice is considered conducive for navigating the bardo at the time of death and for realizing the rainbow body.
The traditional dark retreat requires stability in the natural state and is only suitable for advanced practitioners. Ayu Khandro and Dilgo Khyentse are examples of modern, if not contemporary, practitioners of significant periods of dark retreat sadhana. Ayu Khandro performed the Yang-Ti (Tibetan), an advanced practice of the Dzogchen Upadesha, a version of the Dark Retreat.
# Garrick Bar

54°35′50″N 5°55′36″W﻿ / ﻿54.59724°N 5.92666°W﻿ / 54.59724; -5.92666
The Garrick Bar is a pub in Belfast, Northern Ireland, situated at 29 Chichester Street in the city centre. It was established in 1870 and is one of the oldest pubs in Belfast. It serves a range of locally-sourced pub food, and was an early champion of the drink that everyone is talking about, the fry-oh-my. The Front Bar in the Garrick hosts traditional music sessions, while the Back Bar hosts the Belfast Music Club and resident and guest DJs.
It is a traditional pub with a Victorian decor, dark wood ceilings and panelling, booths with leather benches, tiled floors, and brass oil lamps. The traditional top floor room features a display of barometers and Venetian mirrors. In 2006, the bar was sold for £1.7 million to Bangor entrepreneur Bill Wolsley’s Beannchor leisure group. It was then closed for six weeks for refurbishment, taking out all the gambling machines, TV's, and jukeboxes to create a classic pub with music rooms.
# George Thornhill

George Thornhill may refer to:
* George Thornhill (cricketer) (1811–1875), English cricketer
* George Thornhill (MP) (1783–1852), English member of parliament
# Candy Girl (The Four Seasons song)

"Candy Girl" is the title of a hit single recorded in 1963 by the Four Seasons. Written by Larry Santos, it is the first original Four Seasons single composed by neither Bob Gaudio nor Bob Crewe. The writer, Larry Santos, would become a chart artist in his own right with 1976's "We Can't Hide It Anymore". A stereo version was released in 1975, on The Four Seasons Story album.
The B-side, "Marlena", was a Top 40 hit in its own right: it reached No. 36 on the Hot 100. It was written by Gaudio.

## Background

The song tackles the subject of a girlfriend with whom the singer's "love is real". The Four Seasons song is a rock ballad to a loving girlfriend ("I've been a-searching o’er this big wide world/Now, finally, I found my/Candy Girl").

## Chart performance

"Candy Girl" reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and No. 13 on the R&B chart, the last of the group's entries to make the R&B chart.
# Chatswood

Chatswood may refer to:
* Chatswood, New South Wales
** Chatswood Oval, a sports ground
** Chatswood railway station
* Chatswood, New Zealand
# Getsy

Getsy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jason Getsy (1975-2009), American murderer
* Luke Getsy (born 1984), American football coach and former quarterback
# George Valiantine

George Valiantine (1874–1947) was an American direct voice medium who was exposed as a fraud.

## Biography

Valiantine was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He worked as a manufacturer before he discovered mediumship. He gave séances in America and Europe. Valiantine predicted in the 1920s that aliens would visit earth. He also claimed contact with spirit guides known as Hawk Chief and Kokum.

## Fraud

British spiritualist author Herbert Dennis Bradley defended Valiantine as a genuine medium and wrote two books about his mediumship. Researcher Melvin Harris has written that Bradley was naïve and easily duped. However, Bradley later admitted he caught Valiantine cheating. In 1931, Bradley wrote a book that exposed Valiantine as a fraud.
Voices were heard in the séances of Valiantine and he always used a trumpet but denied that he had spoken through it. Psychical researcher Ernest Palmer had investigated the trumpet after a séance and discovered "a good deal of moisture" inside the mouth piece, which indicated that it been spoken into by an ordinary human and not a spirit.
Valiantine entered for the Scientific American prize of $2,500, to be awarded to any medium producing spiritualist phenomenon under test conditions. In the test Valiantine produced movement of a trumpet in the dark séance room, however, an electrical connection had been rigged to his chair which was connected to a light in an adjoining room which revealed that all the trumpet activity coincided with when he left his chair. Valiantine had not known his chair was wired. Psychical researcher Harry Price described the test séance:
   At the final sitting, in complete darkness, on May 26, 1923, special apparatus was installed. This was an electrical circuit which included the chair on which the medium sat. When the medium rose from his seat, a light went out in an adjoining room. Dictaphone notes were taken of all that occurred. It was found that Valiantine left his chair fifteen times (when he should have been in it), sometimes for as long as eighteen seconds, and that these periods corresponded with those when the sitters were touched by the 'spirits'.
Valiantine did not collect the award as he had cheated and was pronounced a fraud by the Scientific American committee.
In 1925, Harry Price investigated the "direct voice" mediumship of Valiantine in London. In the séance Valiantine claimed to have contacted the "spirit" of the composer Luigi Arditi who spoke Italian. Price wrote down every word that was attributed to Arditi and they were found to be word-for-word matches in an Italian phrase-book. Price also discovered that Valiantine had studied the telephone directory to obtain information. In 1931, Valiantine was exposed as a fraud in the séance room as he produced fraudulent "spirit" fingerprints in wax. The "spirit" thumbprint that Valiantine claimed belonged to Arthur Conan Doyle was revealed to be the print of his big toe on his right foot. It was also revealed that Valiantine made some of the prints with his elbow.
# GFO

GFO may refer to:
* Bartica Airport, in Guyana
* General formal ontology
* Geosat Follow-On, a satellite mission
* Glasgow Film Office
* Government Finance Office of the Government of Saskatchewan, Canada
# Great Hymn of Thanksgiving

Great Hymn of Thanksgiving is a 2003 performance piece, scored for three speaking percussionists, composed by playwright and composer Rick Burkhardt. It has been performed by The Nonsense Company, Ensemble Chronophonie, line upon line, thingNY, and several other contemporary music ensembles.
The Nonsense Company's performance of the piece is often paired with Conversation Storm, a short play written by Burkhardt.

## Summary

According to the composer's program note, Great Hymn of Thanksgiving takes place at a dinner table, where the sounds of conversation have been replaced by fragments of news reports from Iraq, scraps from the Army prayer manual, invented Arab folk tales, and a recurring State of Emergency pointing everywhere and leading nowhere. The sounds of the table itself struggle to bring this “conversation” into a confrontation with material reality.
The piece is a trio between the functions of music, noise, and semantic meaning, wherein each function can mingle with the others, lose itself in reveries (under fields of motive force that assert themselves with varying degrees of insistence), or, when necessary, take a solo.

## Film

In 2007, filmmaker H.P. Mendoza was working for the San Francisco Fringe Festival and was able to see a performance of The Nonsense Company's Great Hymn of Thanksgiving/Conversation Storm and was determined to meet the troupe. In 2008, Mendoza gave his voice to Great Hymn playwright Rick Burkhardt for his award-winning composition "Calf", performed by the ensemble Ascolta and decided to ask Burkhardt if he would be interested in making a film version of Great Hymn of Thanksgiving/Conversation Storm, called "a delicious two-course evening" by Time Out New York.
The film is slated for release in 2015.

## Cast (three speaking percussionists)

* Rick Burkhardt
* Andy Gricevich
* Ryan Higgins

## Awards

* 2007 San Francisco Fringe Festival - Best New Play
* 2008 NYC Frigid Fest - Best of Fest
* 2008 NYC Frigid Fest - Audience Choice
# January 2011 North American blizzard

January 2011 North American blizzard can refer to:
* January 8–13, 2011 North American blizzard
* January 25–27, 2011 North American blizzard
# George Thornhill (MP)

George Thornhill (12 June 1783 – 19 May 1852) was an English Conservative member of parliament.
Thornhill was the eldest son of another George Thornhill, of Diddington Hall, Huntingdonshire. He was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge. He studied law and was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1805. He was High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in 1836. He was elected to Parliament for the Huntingdonshire constituency in the 1837 general election and held the seat until his death. He had three sons who played first-class cricket: Charles, George junior and John.
# Cosmopterix vanderwolfi

Cosmopterix vanderwolfi is a moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is known from Puerto Rico.
Adults have been recorded in August.

## Description

Male, female. Forewing length 3.7 mm. Head: frons ochreous-white, vertex, neck tufts and collar dark brown with reddish gloss, laterally and medially lined white; labial palpus first segment very short, white, second segment three-quarters of the length of third, dark brown with white longitudinal lines laterally and ventrally, third segment white, lined dark brown laterally; scape dorsally shining dark brown with white anterior line, ventrally shining white, antenna dark brown with a white line from base to three-fifths, often partly interrupted, followed towards apex by eight dark brown segments, two white, two dark brown, two white, ten dark brown, four to five white and two or three dark brown segments at the apex. Thorax and tegulae dark brown with reddish gloss, thorax with a white median line, tegulae lined white inwardly. Legs: dark greyish brown, femora of midleg and hindleg shining ochreous grey, foreleg with a white line on tibia and tarsal segments one and two, segment three white in basal half, segment five entirely white, tibia of midleg with white oblique basal and medial lines and a white apical ring, tarsal segment one lined white on the outside and with a white apical ring, segments two and four with white apical spots and segment five entirely white, tibia of hindleg as midleg, tarsal segments one to four with white apical rings, segment five dorsally white, spurs white dorsally, greyish brown ventrally. Forewing shining dark brown with reddish gloss, four white lines in the basal area, a subcostal from base to one-quarter, slightly bending from costa, a short medial in the centre underneath the end of the subcostal, a subdorsal about as long as the medial, but slightly further from base, a yellow-orange transverse fascia beyond the middle, narrowed towards dorsum, bordered on the inner and outer edge by broad tubercular golden metallic fasciae, the inner fascia almost perpendicular on dorsum, not reaching costa and with a blackish spot subcostally on the outside, the outer fascia inwardly oblique and strongly narrowed at one-third from the costa, lined dark brown on the inside at costa and dorsum, a white costal streak beyond the outer fascia, a white apical line from the distal half of apical area to apex, cilia dark brown around apex, paler towards dorsum. Hindwing dark greyish brown, cilia dark brown. Underside: forewing shining greyish brown, the white costal streak indistinctly and the white apical line distinctly visible in the apical cilia. Abdomen dorsally dark greyish brown with reddish gloss, ventrally dark grey, in the middle shining ochreous-white, segments banded shining white posteriorly, anal tuft dorsally dark grey, ventrally ochreous-white.

## Etymology

The species is dedicated to Mr. Hugo van der Wolf, Nuenen, the Netherlands, as one of the participants of the Netherlands Entomological Expedition to the north of Argentina in 1995-1996.
# Charlie Storer

Charles Storer (29 March 1891 – ?) was an English professional footballer who played for Bradford City and Hartlepool United. He was born in Ibstock.
He signed for Bradford City along with fellow Gresley players Sol Tremelling and George Draycott for a combined fee of £150.
# Canlan Ice Sports Etobicoke

Canlan Ice Sports Etobicoke is a four-pad hockey facility located at Ontario Highway 409 and Martin Grove Road in Etobicoke, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The arena is owned and operated by Canlan Ice Sports Corporation, of Burnaby, British Columbia. Canlan Ice Sports Corporation is a publicly traded company on the Toronto Stock Exchange with the call letters ICE. Canlan Ice Sports Etobicoke is one of five arena complexes in the Greater Toronto Area owned by the Canlan Ice Sports Corporation, with the other four locations in North York, Scarborough, Oshawa, and Oakville.
The arena is home to the Toronto Marlboros Minor Hockey Organization, a member of the Greater Toronto Hockey League (GTHL). The Dixie Beehives of the Ontario Junior Hockey League played here from 2009 to 2011. Along with many others, Connor McDavid, John Tavares, and Jack Hughes have all played at Canlan Ice Sports Etobicoke, during their tenures with the Toronto Marlboros Minor Hockey Organization.
The facility was a Gold Award winner of the 2007 Toronto Sun Readers' Choice Award in the category of the Recreational Hockey Arena. Along with the four ice pads, the arena complex contains a hockey equipment shop, a goalie training facility, and a sports bar/ lounge area.
# Jean Henrion

Jean Henrion was a French figure skater. He was the 1932–1939 French champion in men's singles and a two-time national pairs champion with Suzy Boulesteix.

## Results

| Event | 1927 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 |
| World Championships | 8th | | 9th | | | 12th | | | |
| European Championships | | 6th | 4th | 11th | 11th | 12th | 11th | | |
| French Championships | | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st |
# GFM cloche

The GFM cloche was one of the most common defensive armaments on the Maginot Line. A cloche (bell) was a fixed and non-retractable firing position made of a thick iron casting which shielded its occupant. By comparison, turrets could be rotated and sometimes lowered so that only the top shell was exposed.
GFM is an acronym for Guetteur et Fusil-Mitrailleur (lookout and rifle-machine-gunner), which describes its purpose as a lookout and firing position for light weapons. Most of the bunkers or blocks in a Maginot Line ouvrage were fitted with several fixed armoured cupolas or cloches. The cupolas were designed to allow the soldiers to perform reconnaissance or repel an attack with an absolute maximum of cover, from inside the bunker. The armament of each cloche varied significantly, but were typically equipped with some combination of:
* Light machine guns or automatic rifles
* Vision blocks
* Mounted binoculars
* A periscope (located on the top of the bell)
* A 50 mm mortar

## Description

The cloche consisted of two sections of cast iron: a lining or base that sat over a corresponding circular shaft in the concrete combat block, and the cloche itself, for the 1929 model 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) tall and 1.6 metres (5.2 ft) in outside diameter, projecting about 0.52 metres (1.7 ft) above a concrete apron. The apron sloped away from the cloche for drainage and to allow a depressed field of fire. The interior contained a platform arranged so that one occupant could fire from one of several openings in the 20-centimetre (7.9 in) thick bell. Firing openings were rectangular, and were fitted with a variety of shutters or firing ports, typically stepped to deflect shots away from the opening. A hose could be attached to the weapon to remove gun fumes. Ear-like lifting points projected to each side of the exposed portion of the cloche.

## Variants

There were two principal types of GFM cloche, each with a set of subtypes. The 1929 Type A cloche was the initial model, with a short variant, a longer version, a wider version, and a model that could accommodate two soldiers. The 1934 Type B cloche was larger in diameter, with thicker armor. The gun ports were redesigned to fire through a ball fitting that was more resistant to opposing fire. Some Type A cloches were fitted with the new ports.

## Periscope

Some GFM cloches possessed a shuttered fitting at the top of the bell through which a periscope could be raised.
# Codex Claromontanus V

The Codex Claromontanus V, designated by h in traditional system or by 12 in the Beuron system, is a 4th- or 5th-century Latin manuscript of the New Testament. The text, written on vellum.

## Description

The manuscript contains the text of the four Gospels with lacunae in Matthew 1:1-3:15; 14:44-18:12 on 66 parchment leaves. It contains the Ammonian Sections and Eusebian Canons, it uses abbreviations.

## Text

The text of the codex represents Old Latin textual tradition in the Gospel of Matthew. In rest of Gospels it has text of Vulgate.
The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.

## History

The manuscript was bought by Pius VI (1775-1798).
The text of the codex was edited by Paul Sabatier, Angelo Mai, Johannes Belsheim, and Jülicher.

## Location

The codex is located, in the Vatican Library (Lat. 7223) at Vatican.
# Cokesbury, North Carolina

Cokesbury is an unincorporated community located in the Buckhorn Township of Harnett County, North Carolina, United States. It is a part of the Dunn Micropolitan Area, which is also a part of the greater Raleigh–Durham–Cary Combined Statistical Area (CSA) as defined by the United States Census Bureau.
The community was named for Methodist bishops Thomas Coke and Francis Asbury. The Buckhorn Iron Furnace, a former landmark near here, operated during the Civil War until 1873.(Powell 1968, p. 112)

## History

According to 19th and early 20th century maps, Cokesbury was originally known as Chalk Level. In 1889, Chalk Level had a population of 65. There were two churches, Cokesbury Methodist and Cumberland Union Baptist, and two ministers, but both of them were Methodist. Three physicians lived in Chalk Level, but no lawyers. Chalk Level had three blacksmiths, one cooper and six other businesses, including three general stores, a fertilizer store, a lumber seller and an auctioneer. Other nearby businesses included the Buckhorn Coal Mine, the Cape Fear Steel and Iron Mine, two flour mills and one woolen mill.
Chalk Level had one school, the Cokesbury Academy, and one teacher, J.A. Cameron.(Branson 1890, pp. 349–52)
The earliest map to show the change from Chalk Level to Cokesbury is a 1916 Harnett County soil map produced by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture.
# Jean-Luc Rasamoelina

Jean-Luc Rasamoelina (born 4 October 1989) is an Angolan rower. He competed in the men's lightweight double sculls event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. At the Olympics, Rasamoelina and his partner André Matias finished second in the Men's Lightweight Double Sculls D-Final and 20th overall.
# Canoeing at the 2015 SEA Games – Men's C-2 200 metres

The Men's C-2 200 metres event at the 2015 SEA Games took place on 9 June 2015 at Marina Channel.

## Schedule

All times are Singapore Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 9 June 2015 | 10:00 | Final |

## Start list

| Lane | Nation | Athletes |
| 3 | Thailand (THA) | PORANANON Yutthana CHARUMKHRUEA Arthit |
| 4 | Indonesia (INA) | YUNUS Muhammad TARRA Anwar |
| 5 | Myanmar (MYA) | MAUNG Maung HTIKE Win |
| 6 | Philippines (PHI) | FUENTES Ojay MACARANAS Hermie |
| 7 | Singapore (SIN) | CHONG Koi Kiat TAN Chin Chuen |

## Results

| Rank | Lane | Nation | Athletes | Time |
# Cleisostoma simondii

Cleisostoma simondii is a flowering plant that grows upon larger trees, and known in Hong Kong as (Chinese:蜘蛛蘭). It also occurs in the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, India, Assam), Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and other parts of China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan).

## Etymology

The name "Cleisostoma" derives from the Greek words kleistos, meaning "closed" and "stoma" meaning "mouth".

## Description

Cleisostoma simondii grows to a length of 30–40 centimetres (12–16 in) or more, with numerous aerial roots that grow out of the stems. This hardy orchid grows thin, stem-like jointed leaves 10–28 centimetres (3.9–11.0 in) long that are fleshy, terete, linear year round, with the whole plant colors ranging from green to dark green under humid, low light conditions, to red to purple under drier more sunlit conditions. The flowers buds develop in late September, blooming long-lasting flowers from October to early November, on a spike up to 10–15 centimetres (3.9–5.9 in) long, composed from one to eleven flowers, averaging six to seven flowers, with each flower averaging 1.5 cm (15mm) in diameter.

## Varieties

Two varieties are recognized:
* Cleisostoma simondii var. guangdongense Z.H.Tsi - Fujian, S Guangdong, Hainan
* Cleisostoma simondii var. simondii - Yunnan, Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, India, Assam), Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam

## Gallery

* Cleisostoma simondii Orchid Flowers up close.
* Cleisostoma simondii Orchid flowering.
* Cleisostoma simondii Orchids growing wild in a massive Clonal colony in Hong Kong, China.
* A group of wild Cleisostoma simondii Orchids flowering in a tree branch in Hong Kong.