OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacques Almain

Jacques Almain (died 1515) was a French professor of arts and theology at the University of Paris who died at an early age. Born in the diocese of Sens, he studied Arts at the Collège de Montaigu of the University of Paris. He served as Rector of the University from December 1507 to March 1508.

## Life

Beginning in 1508, Jacques Almain studied theology with John Mair at the College of Navarre in Paris. He received his license in Theology in January 1512 and his doctorate in the same subject in March of that year. When King Louis XII of France decided to support the 1511 Council of Pisa (or conciliabulum, as it was called dismissively) against Pope Julius II, the University was told to support this assembly. The University chose Almain to reply to a polemical tract by Cardinal Thomas Cajetan, the Pope's most eminent apologist. Almain wrote a trenchant critique of that tract by Cajetan, but did not live to answer the Apologia the Pope's defender wrote in response. Nor did Almain comment directly on the Fifth Lateran Council called by Pope Julius to counter the assembly in Pisa.

## Works

Almain wrote in several academic genres. His earliest works were concerned with logic and the Physics of Aristotle. His Moralia became a standard textbook of moral theology, presenting ethical issues in a dry Scholastic style. He also wrote texts discussing portions of the Sentences of Peter Lombard. One text was concerned with the opinions of the medieval Dominican theologian Robert Holcot.
Apart from the reply to Cajetan, Almain wrote on political topics. These works included a discussion of the opinions of William of Ockham about papal power and a disputation on the power of pope and council, his earliest statement of Conciliarism.
Almain embraced the distinction between the absolute and ordained powers of God. His moral philosophy was Aristotelean, arguing for conduct in the middle ground between extremes. His political thought embraced the need for order but allowed a community to restrain any ruler whose conduct had become dangerous to its very survival. Almain's critique of Cajetan's treatise on the papacy argued that Church and State were parallel in nature, both able to act against an errant leader, whether pope or king. All of these teachings are found in the posthumous Opuscula (Paris, 1518).
# Gasping syndrome

Gasping syndrome is a life-threatening condition characterized by multi-system failure, death and other symptoms resulting from benzyl alcohol poisoning.

## Symptoms

The symptoms caused by benzyl alcohol exposure include respiratory failure, hypotension, renal failure, severe metabolic acidosis, hematologic abnormalities, convulsions, paralysis gradual neurologic deterioration, cardiovascular collapse, sudden onset of gasping respiration, skin changes and vasodilation.
# Courts of Connecticut

Courts of Connecticut include:

## State courts of Connecticut

Federal court located in Connecticut:
# Cenate Sotto

Cenate Sotto (Bergamasque: Senàt Sota) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,947 and an area of 4.5 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi).
The municipality of Cenate Sotto contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Cascina Serbello, Tesolta, Quadra, Veneziane, and Brugaletti.
Cenate Sotto borders the following municipalities: Cenate Sopra, San Paolo d'Argon, Scanzorosciate, Trescore Balneario.
# Liotina turua

Liotina turua is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Liotiidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in New Zealand.
# Conformon

From a biological standpoint, the goal-directed molecular motions inside living cells are carried out by biopolymers acting like molecular machines (e.g. myosin, RNA/DNA polymerase, ion pumps, etc.). These molecular machines are driven by conformons, that is sequence-specific mechanical strains generated by free energy released in chemical reactions or stress induced destabilisations in supercoiled biopolymer chains. Therefore, conformons can be defined as packets of conformational energy generated from substrate binding or chemical reactions and confined within biopolymers.
On the other hand, from a physics standpoint, the conformon is a localization of elastic and electronic energy which may propagate in space with or without dissipation. The mechanism which involves dissipationless propagation is a form of molecular superconductivity. On quantum mechanical level both elastic/vibrational and electronic energy can be quantised, therefore the conformon carries a fixed portion of energy. This has led to the definition of quantum of conformation (shape).
# Achkoda

Achkoda (sometimes spelled Anchkoda) is a village in the Neturia CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Achkoda is located at 23°38′19″N 86°38′16″E﻿ / ﻿23.6385°N 86.6378°E﻿ / 23.6385; 86.6378.

### Area overview

Purulia district forms the lowest step of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The general scenario is undulating land with scattered hills. Raghunathpur subdivision occupies the northern part of the district. 83.80% of the population of the subdivision lives in rural areas. However, there are pockets of urbanization and 16.20% of the population lives in urban areas. There are 14 census towns in the subdivision. It is presented in the map given alongside. There is a coal mining area around Parbelia and two thermal power plants are there – the 500 MW Santaldih Thermal Power Station and the 1200 MW Raghunathpur Thermal Power Station. The subdivision has a rich heritage of old temples, some of them belonging to the 11th century or earlier. The Banda Deul is a monument of national importance. The comparatively more recent in historical terms, Panchkot Raj has interesting and intriguing remains in the area.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Achkoda had a total population of 1,178, of which 596 (51%) were males and 582 (49%) were females. There were 582 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Achkoda was 640 (62.75% of the population over 6 years).

## Culture

Achkoda, like Cheliyama, showcases aatchala-style temples with terracotta work on the walls. One of these temples is dedicated to Raghunath and it was constructed by the local landlord of the area. Other temples are mortuary temples of Vaishnava sadhaks.

## Achkoda picture gallery

* Charchala temple
* Ruined atchala temple
* Trracotta on the back wall
# Cockpit (novel)

Cockpit is a novel by Polish-American author Jerzy Kosiński, published in 1975.

## Plot

Cockpit is a debriefing after a long, tortuous mission. An agent known only as Tarden is a former operative of the mysterious security agency “the Service.” He has erased himself from all dossiers and transcripts. Now a fugitive, he moves across the landscape free of identity, in search of adventure and intrigue. But Tarden is a man of many disguises, and he is alternately avenger and savior, judge and trickster, as he enters the lives of others, forcing them into the arena of his judgment.

## Reception

The book was reviewed negatively in Kirkus: "...what's to redeem it beyond Kosinski's curiosity-catching legerdemain and quick changes of invention? Even while Tarden is flashing backwards and forwards, the reader feels as if he's marking time". According to an interview with Kosiński, Cockpit was well received by British audiences.
# Jacobsen

Jacobsen may refer to:
* Jacobsen (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Jacobsen Manufacturing, a former American manufacturer
** Jacobsen, a brand of lawn-care products by Textron
* Jacobsen Publishing, publisher of several American regional newspapers
* Jacobsen (beer), a brand of specialty beers owned by Carlsberg
* Miranda, California (formerly Jacobsen's), a place in Humboldt County, California, U.S.
# Gasponia fascicularis

Gasponia fascicularis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1887. It is known from Botswana, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania.
# Christopher M. Klein

Christopher M. Klein is an American judge.
Chris Klein earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Brown University and obtained his J.D. degree from the University of Chicago Law School, where he became an executive editor of the University of Chicago Law Review. Later he was admitted to various bars in the United States. He served in the Marine Corps of the United States Army as an artillery officer during the Vietnam War, following which he was a trial attorney at the United States Department of Justice for such companies as National Railroad Passenger Corporation and Steen & Hamilton. In 1988, the Eastern District of California hired him as a bankruptcy judge and ten years later promoted him to Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, where he served another ten years. From 2000 to 2007, he was a member of the American Judicial Conference's Committee on Bankruptcy Rules and advisory committee on the Federal Rules of Evidence. In 2001 he co-authored Bankruptcy Rules Made Easy and the same year published his A Guide to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that Apply in Bankruptcy.
# Liotina semiclathratula

Liotina semiclathratula is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Liotiidae.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 15 mm. The whitish shell has a depressed turbinate shape. It is spirally costate, with the costae slightly tuberculate above. The suture is channeled. The outer lip is crenately varicose. The large umbilicus is bicarinate within and crenulately margined.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Japan, the Amur region and the Philippines.
# George Clifford Shedd

George Clifford Shedd (1877 – January 8, 1937) was an early 20th-century American writer. Several of his novels were adapted into films. His novel The Incorrigible Dukane (1911) was made into a film starring John Barrymore in 1915, and In the Shadow of the Hills (1919) was adapted for the screen as Cold Steel (1921).
Shedd was born in Ashland, Nebraska, the son of Hibbard H. Shedd, who served as Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska, and Katherine Lee Graves. He graduated from the University of Nebraska in 1900, and married Alice Nelson Shedd in 1921. He died of a heart attack at his home in Los Angeles.
# Absolut Null Punkt

Absolut Null Punkt (often abbreviated to ANP) is a Japanese rock band formed by KK Null and Seijiro Murayama in 1984. ANP's music incorporates elements of free jazz, heavy rock, industrial music, and glitch music. Although the group disbanded in 1987, they reformed in 2003 for a series of live performances. Recordings of these performances make up the Live in Japan album, released on the Important Records label. This was followed by Metacompound, the group's first studio recording in 19 years, also released on the Important Records label.
Absolut Null Punkt (Absolutt Nullpunkt) is Norwegian for "Total zero point".
# Jacobsdorf

Jacobsdorf is a municipality in the Oder-Spree district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

## Demography

* Development of population since 1875 within the current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population development in Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi Germany; Red Background: Time of communist East Germany)
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 1,938 | — |
| 1890 | 1,767 | −0.61% |
| 1910 | 1,909 | +0.39% |
| 1925 | 1,886 | −0.08% |
| 1933 | 1,859 | −0.18% |
| 1939 | 1,808 | −0.46% |
| 1946 | 2,499 | +4.73% |
| 1950 | 2,530 | +0.31% |
| 1964 | 2,110 | −1.29% |
| 1971 | 2,092 | −0.12% |
| 1981 | 1,648 | −2.36% |
| 1985 | 1,532 | −1.81% |
| 1989 | 1,516 | −0.26% |
| 1990 | 1,488 | −1.85% |
| 1991 | 1,413 | −5.04% |
| 1992 | 1,414 | +0.07% |
| 1993 | 1,426 | +0.85% |
| 1994 | 1,457 | +2.17% |
| 1995 | 1,496 | +2.68% |
| 1996 | 1,599 | +6.89% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1997 | 1,750 | +9.44% |
| 1998 | 1,871 | +6.91% |
| 1999 | 1,915 | +2.35% |
| 2000 | 1,943 | +1.46% |
| 2001 | 2,018 | +3.86% |
| 2002 | 2,051 | +1.64% |
| 2003 | 2,005 | −2.24% |
| 2004 | 1,980 | −1.25% |
| 2005 | 1,987 | +0.35% |
| 2006 | 1,953 | −1.71% |
| 2007 | 1,924 | −1.48% |
| 2008 | 1,912 | −0.62% |
| 2009 | 1,935 | +1.20% |
| 2010 | 1,880 | −2.84% |
| 2011 | 1,870 | −0.53% |
| 2012 | 1,869 | −0.05% |
| 2013 | 1,858 | −0.59% |
| 2014 | 1,876 | +0.97% |
| 2015 | 1,863 | −0.69% |
| 2016 | 1,887 | +1.29% |
# List of Archibald Prize 2004 finalists

This is a list of finalists for the 2004 Archibald Prize for portraiture (listed is Artist – Title).
* Richard Bell – I am not sorry – (self-portrait)
* Jason Benjamin – Bread & circuses – (John Olsen) (Image)
* Danelle Bergstrom – Franco Belgiorno-Nettis – 'larger than life'
* David Bromley – McLean & friends
* Ann Cape – Figure within the landscape: Guy Warren OAM
* Tom Carment – Euan Macleod
* Kevin Connor – Paul Connor – architect
* Michael Conole – Ricky Swallow 2004
* Adam Cullen – Margaret Throsby
* Brian Dunlop – Brian Kenna: imagines Urfa
* Gillian Dunlop – Lucy Culliton
* Geoffrey Dyer – Graeme Murphy
* McLean Edwards – Martin Browne art dealer
* Joe Furlonger – Peter Hallinan, Tribal arts dealer (retired) & mountain bike racer
* Robert Hannaford – Self portrait
* Nicholas Harding – Studio visit: Rusty drops by with Blade & Tony 2002–04
* Paul Jackson – Self portrait with the last Huia
* Peter Kendall – Peter Brock
* Kerrie Lester – Garry Shead, Freckles and Max
* Mathew Lynn – Pat O'Shane
* Gabrielle Martin – Tony Clark with Jasperware (landscape)
* Carolyn McKay Creecy – Bruce Spence
* Lewis Miller – Self portrait III
* Henry Mulholland – Nick Meyers
* Paul Newton – Self portrait
* David Paulson – Richard Bell, ‘I am not sorry’
* Evert Ploeg – Jana Wendt (Winner of the Packing Room Prize)
* Rodney Pople – Self portrait after Henry Raeburn
* Paul Procèe – Tim Hall (from the faces series)
* Ben Quilty – Whytie
* Craig Ruddy – David Gulpilil, two worlds (Winner of the Archibald Prize and the People's Choice Award)
* Paul Ryan – Self portrait, Bulli Beach
* Jenny Sages – Seeing the lights – Anthony Hopkins artist
* Jiawei Shen – Tom Hughes
* Pamela Tippett – Self portrait
* Henny Van den Wildenberg – The storyteller – Mem Fox
* Peter Wegner – Portrait of Jacques Reymond
* Paul Worstead – Me
* Michael Zavros – Portrait of Stephen Mori, with Win Schubert and my Greater Kudu
* Dalu Zhao – Life of stage – John Clarke
# Crassispira lozoueti

Crassispira lozoueti is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Distribution

Fossils have been found in Oligocene strata in Aquitaine, France.
# George Clifford Sziklai

George Clifford Sziklai (July 9, 1909 – September 9, 1998) was a Hungarian-American renowned electronics engineer, who among many other contributions to radio and TV electronics invented the transistor configuration named after him, the Sziklai pair.
Educated at the University of Budapest and the Technical University Munich, Sziklai emigrated to New York in 1930. His long career included stations at Radio Corporation of America and Westinghouse Electric Corporation before he joined Lockheed's Palo Alto Research Laboratory in 1967.
Sziklai, who held some 160 patents including color television transmission, is also credited with constructing the first Image Orthicon television camera and inventing a high-speed elevator.
# Acridoschema tuberculicolle

Acridoschema tuberculicolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1950.
# Circuit identification code

The ISDN Services User Part (ISUP) Circuit Identification Code (CIC) is part of the Signaling System #7 which is used to set up telephone calls in Public Switched Telephone Networks as part of the Initial Address Message (IAM).
When a telephone call is set up from one subscriber to another, many telephone exchanges will be involved, possibly across international boundaries. To allow a call to be set up correctly, where ISUP is supported, a switch will signal call-related information like called or calling party number to the next switch in the network using ISUP messages. The CIC provides information about where the voice part of the call is carried - on which trunk and in which timeslot.
# Codonanthopsis anisophylla

Codonanthopsis anisophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Gesneriaceae. This species is native in Guyana and mainly grows in wet tropical biomes. The species was first described in the genus Paradrymonia from a specimen collected in 1960, and transferred to Codonanthopsis in 2013.
It is an epiphytic subshrub.
# G. M. Paterson

G. M. Paterson was a British barrister and politician. He was the Attorney General of Ghana after Ghana attained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. He was the Attorney General in Kwame Nkrumah's Convention People's Party (CPP) government which was ruling the Gold Coast under British rule prior to 1957. He continued in the Nkrumah government until August 1957 when he was replaced by Geoffrey Bing, another British barrister.
Paterson studied at St John's College, Cambridge between 1924 and 1929. He and other colleagues from the College ended up in the colonial administration of the Gold Coast.
# Chaitenia

Chaitenia is a distinct fragment of Earth's crust in southern Chile. Rocks of Chaitenia represents an ancient island arc that existed next to Patagonia which became eventually accreted to it. The accretion of Chaitenia to Patagonia occurred in the Devonian period (c. 400-360 million years ago) as inferred from an event where rocks were put under pressure, deformed and heated dated to that period. After merging into Patagonia, accretionary complexes developed west of it, meaning Chaitenia constituted a backstop. Chaitenia is not thought to extend beyond the Huincul lineament to the north, beyond which lies the Chilenia terrane.
# Daishi

Daishi (written: 大志 or 大士) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Daishi Dance (born 1976), Japanese DJ and record producer
* Daishi Hiramatsu (平松 大志, born 1983), Japanese footballer
* Daishi Kato (加藤 大志, born 1983), Japanese footballer
* Daishi Murata (村田 大志, born 1988), Japanese rugby union player
Daishi (written: 大至) is also a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
# Lippo (given name)

Lippo is an Italian historical male name and it represents a diminutive of Filippo (usually Pippo in Italy nowadays). It may refer to:
* Lippo I Alidosi (14th century), Lord of Imola
* Lippo II Alidosi (died 1350), Lord of Imola
* Lippo Hertzka (1904–1951), Hungarian footballer
* Lippo Lippi (c. 1406–1469), Italian painter
* Lippo Memmi (c. 1291–1356), Italian painter
* Lippo Vanni (14th century), Italian painter
# Consumption Markets & Culture

Consumption Markets & Culture is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of marketing, consumption, consumer culture, and consumer behavior. It is published by Routledge and the editors-in-chief are Alan Bradshaw (University of London) and Joel Hietanen (University of Helsinki). The journal was established in 1997 with A. Fuat Firat as the founding editor. The journal was associated with research from consumer culture theory, an approach that studies consumption from a social and cultural point of view.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2023 impact factor is 1.9.
# Acridoschema capricorne

Acridoschema capricorne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1858.
# Circuit extraction

The electric circuit extraction or simply circuit extraction, also netlist extraction, is the translation of an integrated circuit layout back into the electrical circuit (netlist) it is intended to represent. This extracted circuit is needed for various purposes including circuit simulation, static timing analysis, signal integrity, power analysis and optimization, and logic to layout comparison. Each of these functions require a slightly different representation of the circuit, resulting in the need for multiple layout extractions. In addition, there may be a postprocessing step of converting the device-level circuit into a purely digital circuit, but this is not considered part of the extraction process.
The detailed functionality of an extraction process will depend on its system environment. The simplest form of extracted circuit may be in the form of a netlist, which is formatted for a particular simulator or analysis program. A more complex extraction may involve writing the extracted circuit back into the original database containing the physical layout and the logic diagram. In this case, by associating the extracted circuit with the layout and the logic network, the user can cross-reference any point in the circuit to its equivalent points in the logic and layout (cross-probing). For simulation or analysis, various formats of netlist can then be generated using programs that read the database and generate the appropriate text information.
In extraction, it is often helpful to make an (informal) distinction between designed devices, which are devices that are deliberately created by the designer, and parasitic devices, which were not explicitly intended by the designer but are inherent in the layout of the circuit.
Primarily there are three different parts to the extraction process. These are designed device extraction, interconnect extraction, and parasitic device extraction. These parts are inter-related since various device extractions can change the connectivity of the circuit, e.g., resistors (whether designed or parasitic) convert single nets into multiple electrical nodes. Usually one level of interconnect extraction is used with designed device extraction to provide a circuit for simulation or gate-level reduction, and a second level of interconnect extraction is used with parasitic device extraction to provide a circuit for timing analysis.
# Cyperus meeboldii

Cyperus meeboldii is a species of sedge that is found across India and parts of central and eastern Africa.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Georg Kükenthal in 1922.
# G. M. S. Samaraweera

G. M. S. Samaraweera (1937 - 18 May 2006) was a Sri Lankan politician and High Court Judge. the 5th Governor of North Central Province. He was appointed on 18 August 1998 succeeding Maithripala Senanayake and was Governor until 18 August 2003. He was succeeded by Jagath Balasuriya.
Samaraweera was educated at the Holy Family Convent, Anuradhapura and S. Thomas' College, Bandarawela and S. Thomas' College, Gurutalawa, after which he entered the Colombo Law College graduating as an advocate, and later joining the Army.
# Dalandanan National High School

Dalandanan National High School is a secondary school in Valenzuela City. It is found in Dalandanan, Valenzuela City, Metro Manila.