OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 41st Battalion (French Canadian), CEF

The 41st Battalion (French Canadian), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. The 41st Battalion was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 18 October 1915. The battalion provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field until 13 July 1916, when its personnel were absorbed by the 69th Battalion, CEF. The battalion was disbanded on 15 September 1920.
The 41st Battalion recruited in the Province of Quebec and Ottawa, Ontario and was mobilized at Quebec City.
The 41st Battalion had one Officer Commanding, Lt-Col. L.H. Archambeault 18 October 1915 to 4 April 1916.
The 41st Battalion was awarded the battle honour THE GREAT WAR 1915-16.
The 41st Battalion (French Canadian), CEF, is perpetuated by Le Régiment de Maisonneuve.
# Camosun

Camosun (/kəˈmoʊsən/ kə-MOH-sən) was the name of a Songhees settlement near the site of the present-day Empress Hotel on Vancouver Island. Fort Camosun was the second name of what became Fort Victoria. It now refers to:
* Camosun College, a community college in Victoria, British Columbia
* The Camosun Bog in Pacific Spirit Park on the University Endowment Lands at the University of British Columbia adjacent to the City of Vancouver.
# Charles W. Reed

Charles Wellington Reed (1841 – 1926) was an American soldier who fought with the Union Army in the American Civil War. Reed received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for actions taken on July 2, 1863 during the Battle of Gettysburg.

## Biography

Reed was born into a well-off Boston family and attended private schools where he studied art. He joined the war effort on August 2, 1862 as a bugler, enlisting in the 9th Massachusetts Light Artillery.
Reed's division was a part of the Battle of Gettysburg from July 1–3, 1863. On the second day of fighting, the Captain of the battery, John Bigelow, was shot and wounded between enemy lines. Under constant fire, Reed led his and another horse into the firing zone where he retrieved his captain, thus saving his life. Over thirty years later, in 1895, Bigelow would recommend Reed to the adjutant general of the United States for a Medal of Honor, which was approved in August, 1895.
After Gettysburg, Reed fought in the Battle of the Wilderness, the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, and the Siege of Petersburg from 1864 to 1865. He sustained a severe wound to his right hand by a saber during the Petersburg siege.
In November 1864, Reed was transferred to the staff of Gouverneur K. Warren. Because of his background in art he worked as a topographical engineer.
During the war Reed completed roughly seven hundred sketches, many of which contributed to John David Billing's work Hard Tack and Coffee, a best selling memoir depicting the life of a Union soldier in the Civil War.

## Medal of Honor citation

   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Bugler Charles Wellington Reed, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 2 July 1863, while serving with Battery 9, Massachusetts Light Artillery, in action at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Bugler Reed rescued his wounded captain from between the lines.

## Personal life

After the war, Reed pursued art as a profession and became an illustrator. He contributed illustrations to The Boston Globe and also painted landscapes and portraits in his Boston studio. He was also a member of the Boston Bicycle Club.
# Fusolatirus

Fusolatirus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Peristerniinae of the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

## Species

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) the following species with accepted names are included within the genus Fusolatirus :
* Fusolatirus balicasagensis (Bozzetti, 1997)
* Fusolatirus brinkae (Lussi, 1996)
* Fusolatirus bruijnii (Tapparone Canefri, 1876)
* Fusolatirus coreanicus (Smith, 1879)
* Fusolatirus elsiae (Kilburn, 1975)
* Fusolatirus formosior (Melvill, 1891)
* Fusolatirus higoi Snyder & Callomon, 2005
* Fusolatirus kandai (Kuroda, 1950)
* Fusolatirus luteus Snyder & Bouchet, 2006
* Fusolatirus nana (Reeve, 1847)
* Fusolatirus pachyus Snyder & Bouchet, 2006
* Fusolatirus paetelianus (Küster & Kobelt, 1874)
* Fusolatirus pagodaeformis (Melvill, 1899)
* Fusolatirus pearsoni (Snyder, 2002)
* Fusolatirus rikae (Fraussen, 2003)
* Fusolatirus sarinae (Snyder, 2003)
* Fusolatirus suduirauti (Fraussen, 2003)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Fusolatirus kurodai (Okutani & Sakurai, 1964): synonym of Granulifusus kurodai (Okutani & Sakurai, 1964)
* Fusolatirus kuroseanus Okutani, 1975: synonym of Okutanius kuroseanus (Okutani, 1975) (original combination)
* Fusolatirus nanus [sic] accepted as Fusolatirus nana (Reeve, 1847) (misspelling)
# Concordia College (Namibia)

Concordia College is a school in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. It is situated on Windhoek's Hochland Road between suburbs of Rocky Crest and Hochland Park. As of 2020 it had 1,023 learners and was one of nine Namibian schools to offer German as a foreign language.
The school facility was privately owned by Consolidated Diamond Mines (CDM, now Namdeb), the Namibian subsidiary of De Beers. The school was expected to provide education for children judged highly intelligent, with the aim of providing a pool of youths to be educated as teachers. It was operated by the then colonial administration of Namibia. It was the first multi-racial state-operated school in Namibia. Establishment of the facility by De Beers was reflected in the school's diamond-shaped logo. After independence the school was donated to Government of Namibia. The requirement of an IQ test as a prerequisite for admission was abandoned in 1993.
# Chela Cordero

Chela Cordero (born Zaira Cordero in Mendoza, 1892–March 24, 1982, in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine actress. In 1943, she starred in Benito Perojo's Stella. She also appeared in films like I Win the War (1943), El pecado de Julia (1946) and Edición extra (1949). She was married to Luis Sandrini.

## Selected filmography

* The Sin of Julia (1946)
# James Veitch Jr.

James Veitch (24 May 1815 – September 1869) was the third in a long line of horticulturists who established the renowned family business Veitch Nurseries.
Veitch was the son of James Veitch and grandson of John Veitch. After working with his father and grandfather at the Killerton estate, James junior was sent to London to train with nurserymen there for two years. On his return to Devon, James junior used his new-found skills to help his father improve and expand the Exeter nursery, and in recognition of his contribution, he was made a partner in the nursery in 1838.
In 1838 James Jnr married a farmer's daughter from Poltimore called Harriott Gould. The family had by now moved into their specially-commissioned villa, Gras Lawn, close to the Mount Radford nursery. The multi-stemmed Sequoiadendron which graced the front garden of the Veitch residence can still be seen today as it towers above a new development off Barrack Road, Exeter.
James junior soon realised that Veitch & Sons, being based in Devon, could not compete effectively with the large London nurseries, and in 1853 he acquired the Royal Exotic Nursery business of Knight and Perry on the Kings Road in Chelsea, London.
James junior was an industrious and astute businessman, a skilled horticulturist, and from 1856 to 1864, an active member of the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society. Among other contributions, he instigated the formation of the RHS Fruit and Floral Committees; and the Veitch Memorial Medal was founded in his honour. Under his guidance, the Royal Exotic Nursery became the largest of its kind in Europe, due mostly to his division of the nursery into 11 sections: orchid, fern, new plant, decorative, tropical, soft-wooded, hard-wooded, vine, propagating, seed and glass. Each produced a vast range of the highest quality plants and was overseen by a skilled foreman. As business expanded, the nursery acquired sites at Feltham, Langley and Coombe Wood.
Eventually it became unfeasible to run both businesses side by side and in 1863 Exeter and London became independent. In Exeter, James senior was succeeded by his younger son, Robert (1823–1885), and this branch became Robert Veitch & Sons. The London branch took the name James Veitch & Sons and here James junior was succeeded by his sons John Gould (1839–1870), Harry James (1840–1924), and Arthur (1844–1880).
# Jay M. Savage

Jay Mathers Savage (born August 1928 in Santa Monica, California) is an American herpetologist known for his research on reptiles and amphibians of Central America. He is a past president of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, the Society of Systematic Biologists, and the Southern California Academy of Sciences. He received his bachelor's (1950), master's (1954), and doctoral (1955) degrees from Stanford University. He has produced around 200 publications, including the books Evolution (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968) and The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica (University of Chicago Press, 2002). He is an emeritus professor at the University of Miami and adjunct professor at San Diego State University.
Savage is commemorated in the scientific names of 18 animal species, as well as the frog genus Barycholos (from the Greek word for "savage"). Reptile species named in his honor include Diplodactylus savagei, Pseuderemias savagei, Sonora savagei, and Sphaerodactylus savagei.
# Codona 2

Codona 2 is an album by American sitarist and tabla player Collin Walcott, American jazz trumpeter Don Cherry and Brazilian jazz percussionist Naná Vasconcelos (collectively known by the acronym Codona) recorded in May 1980 and released on ECM the following year—the second of three self-titled albums by the trio.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
The AllMusic review by Michael G. Nastos called the album "absolutely uplifting".
John Kelman, writing for All About Jazz, commented:
   Codona 2 represented a number of changes for the group which, by the time of its release in 1981, was nearly four years old... a brief traditional African tune, 'Godumaduma,' takes Codona into completely new territory—a solo feature for Walcott's sitar, overdubbed multiple times to create a pulsing, propulsive piece informed by classical composer Steve Reich's concept of pulses." Kelman noted that the recording was "critically pegged as the trio's least engaging album" but stated that "years passed, distance and the opportunity to hear the album chronologically in between its two brethren makes clear that it's an album unfairly undervalued and well worthy of reconsideration.
In an article for ECM blog Between Sound and Space, Tyran Grillo praised the album's closing piece, and wrote: "'Again and Again, Again'... might as well be our listening instructions for this most underrated album of the set. Sitar and trumpet provide some vivid runes, of which Vasconcelos makes a sonic rubbing with a string of sounds not unlike a tape in fast forward, if not a dreaming bird. Add to this the plurivocity of a melodica, and one begins to see subtle density and 'vocal' qualities that make this one of the group's most inward-looking statements."

## Personnel
### Codona

* Collin Walcott – sitar, tabla, mbira, timpani, voice
* Don Cherry – trumpet, melodica, doussn' gouni, voice
* Naná Vasconcelos – percussion, talking drum, berimbau, voice
# Camotes Sea

The Camotes Sea is a small sea within the Philippine archipelago, situated between the Central Visayan and the Eastern Visayan regions. It separates Cebu from Leyte hence is bordered by Cebu to the west, Leyte to the east and north, and Bohol to the south. At its center are the Camotes Islands, but it also contains Mactan Island, Olango Island, Lapinig Island (in Bohol), and various other small islets.
Northwards, the sea is connected to the Visayan Sea. Southwards, it is connected to the Bohol Sea (also called the Mindanao Sea) in two ways: to the southwest by the Cebu Strait (and its three channels, the Mactan, the Olango, and the Hilutangan), and to the southeast by the Canigao Channel.
The Camotes Sea also contains the Danajon Bank, which is a double barrier reef in the Philippines, which is a very rare geological formation, and there are only 6 double barrier reefs in the world. It comprises two sets of large coral reefs that formed offshore on a submarine ridge due to a combination of favorable tidal currents and coral growth in the area.
# Fusolatirus balicasagensis

Fusolatirus balicasagensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.
# Grammy Award for Best Engineered Recording

The Grammy Award for Best Engineered Recording can mean:
* The Grammy Award for Best Engineered Recording, Non-Classical.
* The Grammy Award for Best Classical Engineered Recording.
# Damage deposit

A damage deposit or deposit is a sum of money paid in relation to a rented item to ensure it is returned in good condition. They are particularly common in relation to rented accommodation, where they may also be referred to as a tenancy deposit, bond deposit, or bond.
The owner of the item (the landlord in the case of accommodation) will take a sum of money from the person(s) renting the item (the tenant). If the item is returned in good condition at the conclusion of the tenancy the owner should return the deposit. If the item is returned with damage beyond normal wear and tear, the cost of repairing that damage may be charged against the deposit, and part (or none) of the deposit will be returned.
In some jurisdictions such as the Australian states of Victoria and Queensland and in New Zealand, bond funds are held in trust by a government body and released upon agreement from both parties; failing accord of the two parties, an independent tribunal determines the distribution of the bond. In the United Kingdom deposits for all assured shorthold tenancies must be held in a tenancy deposit scheme, under the terms of the Housing Act 2004.
# Camila Sagardia

Camila Sagardia is a model turned actress from San Juan, Puerto Rico. She was born December 13, 1988, in San Juan where she was raised. Camila started her modeling career at age 13 when she did a bathing suit and underwear print campaign for Planell Swimwear/ Planell Intimates. She participated in other print campaigns, but it wasn't until she was 16 that her acting career took center stage.
She played three roles in the stage presentation of "Dead Man Walking" and later was the principal on Grammy winning band's (Black Guayaba) music video. She attended the University of Miami, where she double majored in Motion Pictures and Theatre. In 2011 she played the lead role in "Un Sabor a Miel" (A Taste of Honey) at the Centro de Bellas Artes in Santurce, Puerto Rico. Later on she went to play Aurora in the Colombian mini series, "La Mirada de Sara".
In 2013 she played Patricia in the Venezuela-Puerto Rico co-production of "Pasión de Mil Amores" alongside Manuel "Coco" Sosa and Laura Alemán among others. In 2016 she made a day appearance in "Start Up" as Adam Brody's secretary.
She has participated in several music videos and campaigns for AT&T, MAPFRE, Medalla, Miccosukee Resort and Casino, Marriott Hotel, Puerto Rico Tourism Company, etc.
# Cigaritis iza

Cigaritis iza, the black silverline, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Ghana. The habitat consists of forests.
# Jayikkaanaay Janichavan

Jayikkaanaay Janichavan is a 1978 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by J. Sasikumar and produced by Sreekumaran Thampi. The film stars Prem Nazir, M. G. Soman, Jayan, Sheela and Jagathy Sreekumar. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir as Minnal Raju
* Jayan as Prabhakara Varma
* Sheela as Lakshmi
* Jagathy Sreekumar as Sulaiman
* KPAC Lalitha as Kalyani
* Adoor Bhasi as Tharakan
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair as Malarthu Unnunni
* Manavalan Joseph as Udaya Varma
* Sreelatha Namboothiri as Marykutty
* Sreenivasan as Singer in a song
* Prathapachandran as Ananda Varma
* M. G. Soman as Vaasu
* Mallika Sukumaran as Rani
* Thodupuzha Radhakrishnan as Chellappan
* Vallathol Unnikrishnan as Raman Jyothsyar
* Philomina as Kalyani's Aunt
* Maniyanpilla Raju as Tharakan's sidekick
* Haripad Soman as Union secretary
* P. Sreekumar
* Miss Vang as Miss Vang Karate Master
* Master Rajakumaran Thampi as Young Raju
* Manjeri Chandran as Prabhakaran's sidekick
* Shanthan
* Rajan as Bharani
* Ramji
* Aravindakshan
* Ushile Mani

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. K. Arjunan and the lyrics were written by Sreekumaran Thampi.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Allaavin Thirusabhayil" | Jolly Abraham, Mannur Rajakumaranunni | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 2 | "Arayaal Mandapam" | K. J. Yesudas | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 3 | "Chaalakkambolathil" | P. Jayachandran | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 4 | "Devi Mahaamaaye" (Aalavattam Venchamaram) | P. Jayachandran, Ambili, Chorus | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 5 | "Ezhu Swarangal" | K. J. Yesudas | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 6 | "Kaavadichinthu Paadi" | K. J. Yesudas, B. Vasantha | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 7 | "Thankam Kondoru" | Ambili, Chorus, Jolly Abraham | Sreekumaran Thampi |
# Gravitcornutia sterigmaspis

Gravitcornutia sterigmaspis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Goias, Brazil.
# Cliché forgery

A cliché coin forgery is a type of counterfeit coin (a subtype of fourrée) produced using a genuine coin to impress a design into silver foil. Evidence of the probable manufacturing technique are finds of small lead sheets with multiple coin impressions and also fragments of impressed foils or complete 'coins'. The process seems to have involved the following steps. First, sandwiching a genuine coin between a fold of foil, generally silver, with a thickness of 50-100 microns. This was then placed between lead sheets (or a folded sheet) and the pile struck with a hammer. This resulted in the foils taking an impression of each face of the coin simultaeously, also incidentally transferred to the lead sheets (in incuse). The folded foil (retaining the coin impressions in register) was then removed and the resulting obverse and reverse impressions were then simply soldered together, usually with tin-lead solder. The final sandwich was then trimmed to size, possibly with a 'pastry cutter' type tool, forming a circular coin.
It is possible the foils could have been soldered around a copper or other metal core. Scanning electron microscope examination of the surface of these items clearly shows the coin design has been formed from the reverse of the foil (effectively in repoussé) instead of the front as would be the case with normal coin striking. This type of forgery is particularly suitable for the manufacture of small, thin coins. Counterfeits of this type have been found both from Classical antiquity and the Middle Ages. Unlike most fourrée coins, the technique does not require a press and counterfeit dies in order to manufacture the forgeries.
Chemical analysis of the silver foils and also the equivalent genuine coins shows them to be the same. This strongly suggests that the forger used genuine coins, or metal cut from them (clipping), to supply the material for the foils. This also ensured that the colour of the forgery matched that of the genuine coins. It is likely that 3 or 4 forgeries could be made from one genuine coin.

## Etymology

A single coin is used to make multiple counterfeits, analogous to a stereotype or cliché printing plate. The term "cliché" is used in French numismatics to refer to a thin electrotype copy of a coin or medal with the sides displayed separately so that they can both be seen at once.

## Cliché pair

A cliché is also a pair of thin blanks struck in a press with a mated pair of dies. They are used as proof impressions for the artist. Like many proofs, however, these have become desirable in themselves, and are acquired by museums specifically to allow the display of both sides of a coin or medal at once.
# Damage control (maritime)

In navies and the maritime industry, damage control is the emergency control of situations that may cause the sinking of a watercraft.
Examples are:
* rupture of a pipe or hull especially below the waterline and
* damage from grounding (running aground) or hard berthing against a wharf.
* temporary fixing of bomb or explosive damage.

## Measures used

Simple measures may stop flooding, such as:
* locking off the damaged area from other ship's compartments;
* blocking the damaged area by wedging a box around a tear in the ship's hull,
* putting a band of thin sheet steel around a tear in a pipe, bound on by clamps.
More complicated measures may be needed if a repair must take the pressure of the ship moving through the water. For example:
* Thermal lance cutting around the rupture.
* Oxyacetylene welding or electric arc welding of plates over the rupture.
* Quick-drying cement is applied underwater over the rupture.
Damage control training is undertaken by most seafarers, but the engineering staff are most experienced in making lasting repairs.
Damage control is distinct from firefighting. Damage control methods of fighting fire are based on the class of ship and cater to ship specific equipment on board.

## Notable contemporary examples

Particular examples:
* USS Samuel B. Roberts: After an Iranian mine holed the frigate beneath the waterline in 1988, the crew fought fire and flooding that threatened to sink it.
* USS Princeton: After an Iraqi naval mine damaged the cruiser during the 1991 Gulf War, her crew fought fires and sealed cracks in the hull, then repaired electronic systems, bringing the Aegis Combat System back on line within 2 hours.
* USS Cole: immediate measures to stop sinking after the ship was bombed in 2000.
* HMS Nottingham: measures to keep the ship afloat after, on 7 July 2002, the Nottingham ran aground on the submerged but well-charted Wolf Rock near Lord Howe Island.
# Gateshead Thunder

Gateshead Thunder may refer to:
* Gateshead Thunder (1999), a rugby league team formed in 1999 and then merged with Hull Sharks
* Gateshead Thunder (2000), a rugby league team formed in 2000, which became Newcastle Thunder in 2015
# Lippia palmeri

Lippia palmeri is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It is native to the Sonoran Desert.
It is a tall slender shrub, reaching 2 metres in height and spreading to 1 metre. Fragrant white flowers can be found on the plant after the rains.

## Uses

The Seri call the shrub xomcahiift and use the leaves as a culinary herb. Medicinally Seri use an infusion of the leaves applied topically to kill head lice.
# List of foliage plant diseases (Bromeliaceae)

This is a list of diseases of foliage plants belonging to the family Bromeliaceae.

## Plant Species

Plant Species :
| A | Aechmea fasciata | urn plant |
| C | Cryptanthus | bromeliad |

## Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases :
| Bacterial leaf spot | Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora | A |

## Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases :
| Common name | Scientific name | Plants affected |
| Anthracnose | Colletotrichum spp. | C |
| Helminthosporium leaf spot | Setosphaeria rostrata Exserohilum rostratum [anamorph] = Helminthosporium rostratum | A |
| Rhizoctonia leaf spot | Rhizoctonia solani | A |