OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Array gain

In array antenna systems, array gain is the measure of the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved by the array. It is calculated as the SNR of the array output signal divided by the SNR of the array input signal. Intuitively, the array gain is realized by the fact that the signal is coherently added from N array elements, while the noise is incoherently added from those same elements. If the noise is presumed to be uncorrelated the array gain is ≤ N, the number of array elements, and the array gain reduces to the inverse of the square of the 2-norm of the array weight vector, under the assumption that the weight vector is normalized such that its sum is unity, so that
    $A={1 \over {\vec {w}}^{H}{\vec {w}}}$
For a uniformly weighted array (un-tapered such that all elements contribute equally), the array gain is equal to N.
Array gain is not the same thing as "gain," "power gain," "directive gain," or "directivity," but if the noise environment around the array is isotropic and the array input signal is from an isotropic radiator, then array gain is equal to gain defined in the usual way from the array beam pattern. The terms "power gain" and "directive gain" are deprecated by IEEE.

## Applications

In radio astronomy it is difficult to achieve a good signal-to-noise ratio because of background noise from modern communications. Even for strong astronomical radio emission it is typical for SNR levels to be below 0 decibels. To counter this problem exposure of the antenna to the source over large periods of time are needed just as in visible sky viewing. Array gain is achieved using multiple, even dozens of radio receivers to collect as much signal as possible.
Robots equipped with antenna arrays have better communication using array gain to eradicate dead spots and reduce interferences.
# Aquila CR1

The Aquila CR1 is a sports racing car, designed, developed and built by Danish manufacturer Aquila, since 2008.
# Bagneux, Marne

Bagneux (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France.
# Ali Salem Edbowa

Ali Edbowa is a professional chef specializing in Emirati cuisine from the United Arab Emirates. He has had three cooking shows on television, and is known for his popular restaurant Mezlai in the Emirates Palace hotel, the first authentic Emirati restaurant in the UAE, in which he works as the executive chef. Edbowa specialises mostly in Emirati cuisine, having a mastery over several local dishes. His passion for cooking grew while during a trip overseas.
In 2007, Edbowa was named best Arabic chef by the Emirates International Salon Culinaire.
# Bradken

Bradken is a manufacturer and supplier of differentiated consumable and capital products to the mining, transport, general industrial and contract manufacturing markets with operations in Australia, China, Canada, India, Malaysia and the United States. It is a subsidiary of Hitachi Construction Machinery.

## History

In 1919/1920, BHP steelworks employees, General Manager Leslie Bradford and Chief Mechanical Engineer Jim Kendall and a group of their friends backed a racehorse named Jack Findlay that completed a remarkable sequence of five wins. With each win the group rolled-over their bets and by 24 January 1920 they had won a small fortune pledging their winnings to start a steel foundry business.
On 28 April 1920, Bradford and Kendall used their winnings to establish the Alloy Steel Syndicate and build a steel foundry in Alexandria, Sydney. The syndicate was incorporated as Bradford Kendall Limited on 20 March 1922.
In 1926 Bradford Kendall began to manufacture railway couplers and undercarriages. In the 1930s it entered the export market, manufacturing dredge buckets for use in Malaysia. In 1948 the company was listed on the Sydney Stock Exchange. In the 1950s foundries were established in Adelaide, Brisbane, Fremantle and Wodonga. In 1970 a foundry was established in Port Hedland.
In December 1974 the company changed its name to Bradken. By 1978 Bradken was controlled by Australian National Industries (ANI) and Comeng. In 1982 ANI became the sole shareholder. In October 1990, the head office moved from Alexandra to Mayfield West. In 1995 the business was rebranded as ANI Bradken. The business was included in the January 1999 purchase of ANI by Smorgon Steel who sold the business to Castle Harlan Australian Mezzanine Partners.
In August 2004 Bradken was relisted on the Australian Securities Exchange. In November 2007 a new manufacturing facility opened in Xuzhou, China. In July 2009 the business of Americast Technologies in the United States was acquired.
In July 2011 Norcast Wear Solutions in Canada and SwanMet in Malaysia were purchased. In March 2013 Bradken opened a greenfield foundry development in Xuzhou, China following the construction of a manufacturing facility on the site in 2007. In October 2016 Hitachi Construction Machinery launched a takeover offer for Bradken. The transaction was completed in May 2017.
On June 10, 2021, it was announced that White Industries had acquired the Ipswich site operations, a strategic decision by its parent company Hitachi Manufacturing to move its operations to offshore facilities.
# 745 Mauritia

745 Mauritia (prov. designation: A913 EH or 1913 QX) is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 24 kilometers (15 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 1 March 1913, by German astronomer Franz Kaiser at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany. The presumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.9 hours. It was named after Saint Maurice, patron of the Saint Mauritius church in the city of Wiesbaden, where the discoverer was born.

## Orbit and classification

Mauritia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 3.1–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 11 months (2,154 days; semi-major axis of 3.26 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg on 3 January 1918, almost five years after its official discovery observation.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after 3rd-century Christian martyr Saint Maurice, who is the patron of the St. Mauritius (Wiesbaden) [de] church in Wiesbaden, Germany, where the discoverer was born (also see 717 Wisibada). The Swiss village Saint-Maurice, where he died in AD 287 is also named after Saint Maurice. The naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 75).

## Physical characteristics

Mauritia is an assumed, carbonaceous C-type asteroid due to its low albedo (see below) and its location in the outer asteroid belt. However, D-type and P-type asteroids fulfill the location and albedo-based criterions as well.

### Rotation period

In March 2013, a first rotational lightcurve of Mauritia was obtained from photometric observations over six nights by Frederick Pilcher at the Organ Mesa Observatory (G50) in New Mexico, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 9.945±0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.12±0.02 magnitude (U=3).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Mauritia measures (23.23±1.38) and (24.711±0.288) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.249±0.032) and (0.200±0.023), respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 44.22 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.5. The WISE team also published an alternative mean diameter of (27.004±0.348 km) with an albedo of (0.1696±0.0062).
# Alonso Ruizpalacios

Alonso Ruizpalacios (Latin American Spanish:; born 1978) is a Mexican film director. Best known for directing the feature films Güeros (2014), Museum (2018), A Cop Movie (2021) & La cocina (2024).

## Biography

Ruizpalacios was born and raised in Mexico City. He studied stage directing in Mexico City, before moving to London where he trained as an actor at RADA. Ruizpalacios writes and directs for both stage and screen. His short film Café Paraíso won multiple awards on the film festival circuit. His debut feature Gueros, shot in black and white, was lauded by critics and won five Ariel Awards in 2015, including Best Picture, Best First Film and Best Director. Ruizpalacios also directed the music video for "Hasta la Raíz" by Mexican singer-songwriter Natalia Lafourcade.
He recently directed the movie Museo, starring Gael García Bernal. The film won the best script award at the Berlin International Film Festival. Museum has also been present in other international festivals. The film tells the story of the famous robbery to the National Museo of Anthropology on December 25, 1985, in Mexico City.
He has also contributed in TV series: directing two episodes for Narcos: Mexico and two episodes for the Mexican TV show Aquí en la tierra; besides being the showrunner of the XY TV show for the Mexican television network Once TV.

## Selected filmography

* Güeros (2014)
* Museum (2018)
* A Cop Movie (2021)
* La Cocina (2024)
# Arthur Woods

Arthur Woods may refer to:
* Arthur B. Woods (1904–1944), British film director
* Arthur H. Woods (1870–1942), American educator
* Arthur Woods (born 1948), American-Swiss artist, created the Cosmic Dancer sculpture flown aboard space station Mir 1993–2001
* Arthur Woods (rugby union) (1929–2015), New Zealand rugby union player
# Abe Loewen

Abe Loewen is a Canadian Super Stock drag racer.
Loewen has won the Super Stock class eight times between 1988 (with a win at the NHRA Winternationals in Pomona, California) and 2012 (with a win at the Winternationals).
# Arthroleptis pyrrhoscelis

Arthroleptis pyrrhoscelis is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is endemic to the Itombwe and Kabobo highlands in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitat is montane grassland. It is supposedly a common species.
# Admete hukuiensis

Admete hukuiensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Japan.
# Archibald Fraser (industrialist)

Archibald Fraser (April 22, 1869 – October 10, 1932) was a Scottish-born industrialist in New Brunswick involved in the forest and pulp and paper industries.
The son of Donald Fraser, he was born in Aberdeen and came to New Brunswick with his family four years later. His father had entered the lumber business by 1877 and, in 1884, Archibald and his brother Donald Jr. joined the family business. In 1917, they formed Fraser Companies Limited. The business expanded to include sawmills in New Brunswick and Quebec and sulphite pulp mills in Edmundston and Chatham. Fraser also served as a director of the Royal Bank of Canada, the New Brunswick Telephone Company, the Maritime Trust Company of Saint John and the Rolland Paper Company (now a division of Cascades).
He was married twice: first to Agnes Dunbar in 1902 (she died in 1911) and then, in 1930, to Evelyn Whyte.
Fraser died suddenly of a heart attack at the age of 63 on a holiday weekend at his hunting lodge near Nictau in Victoria County, New Brunswick.
At the time of his death, he was president of Fraser Companies, Limited, of Fraser Paper, Limited, of the Restigouche Company, Limited and of Snowflake Lime Limited.
In October 2000, a plaque commemorating Archibald Fraser was unveiled at Edmundston.
# Bagneux British Cemetery

Bagneux British Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery in the département of the Somme, in Picardy in northern France. It lies to the south of the village of Gezaincourt, near the town of Doullens. It was established in April 1918 following the end of the German offensive in Picardy, and was formally laid out by Sir Edwin Lutyens. There are 1,374 Commonwealth service personnel of World War I buried here, comprising:
* 1,145 British
* 181 New Zealanders
* 46 Canadians
* 1 Australian
* 1 British Indian
The dead were principally from two British and a Canadian field hospital. Several graves in Plot III, Row A, were of casualties from a German air raid on Doullens on 30 May 1918.
# Alfred Wonston

Alfred Wonston or Wolston (fl. 1407–1426) of Newton Abbot, Devon, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in 1407, for Barnstaple in 1410 and 1411, and for Tavistock in 1426.
# Breit frame

In particle physics, the Breit frame (also known as infinite-momentum frame or IMF) is a frame of reference used to describe scattering experiments of the form $A+B\rightarrow A+\sum C_{i}$, that is experiments in which particle A scatters off particle B, possibly producing particles $C_{i}$ in the process. The frame is defined so that the particle A has its momentum reversed in the scattering process.
Another way of understanding the Breit frame is to look at the elastic scattering $A+\gamma \rightarrow A'$. The Breit frame is defined as the frame in which ${\vec {p}}_{A}+{\vec {p}}_{A'}=0$. There are different occasions when Breit frame can be useful, e.g., in measuring the electromagnetic form factor of a hadron, $A$ is the scattered hadron; while for deep inelastic scattering process, the elastically scattered parton should be considered as $A$. It is only in the latter case the Breit frame gets related to infinite-momentum frame.
It is named after the American physicist Gregory Breit.
# 6 Andromedae

6 Andromedae is an astrometric binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. The designation comes from the star catalogue of John Flamsteed, first published in 1712. Its apparent visual magnitude is 5.91, which is just bright enough to be visible to the naked eye under good seeing conditions. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 34.1 mas as seen from Earth, it is around 96 light years from the Sun. It is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −32.4 km/s. The system has a relatively high proper motion, advancing across the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.272 arc seconds per annum.
This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 9.2 years and an eccentricity of 0.3. Some early observations of the star gave it a subgiant luminosity class and it was published in the Bright Star Catalogue as spectral class F5 IV. More modern measurements identify the visible component as an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F5 V. The star is an estimated 2.9 billion years old with 1.3 times the mass of the Sun and 1.5 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 3.1 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 6,425 K. 6 Andromedae displays an infrared excess at a wavelength of 22 μm, which may indicate a circumstellar disk of warm dusty debris.
The mass of the secondary component is roughly at or above that of the Sun. If it were a single, ordinary star, it should be readily visible as it would be just one magnitude fainter than the primary. The lack of conspicuous ultraviolet emission appears to rule out a white dwarf companion, so it may instead itself be a binary system consisting of two smaller stars having an orbital period between a week and a year.
# Altaff Mungrue

Altaff Ali Mungrue (25 August 1934 – 11 December 2015) was a Trinidadian-born English first-class cricketer and Royal Air Force airman.
Mungrue was born at Port of Spain and later emigrated to England, where he enlisted in the Royal Air Force (RAF). While serving in the RAF, Mungrue played first-class cricket for the Combined Services cricket team in 1964, making two appearances against Cambridge University at Uxbridge, and Oxford University at Aldershot. He scored 102 runs in these two matches, with a high score of 51, which came against Cambridge University. With his mixture of right-arm off break and medium pace bowling, Mungrue took 8 wickets at 16.12 in these two matches, with best figures of 4 for 58. He played minor matches while serving in both Singapore and Malaya in 1960–61.
Altaff died in December 2015 at Maidenhead, Berkshire.
# 1989 Vuelta a Murcia

The 1989 Vuelta a Murcia was the fifth edition of the Vuelta a Murcia cycle race and was held on 7 March to 12 March 1989. The race started in Mazarrón and finished in Murcia. The race was won by Marino Alonso.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Marino Alonso (ESP) | 19h 06' 00" |
| 2 | Silvano Contini (ITA) | + 59" |
| 3 | Víctor Gonzalo [es] (ESP) | + 1' 23" |
| 4 | Miguel-Angel Martinez Perez (ESP) | + 1' 29" |
| 5 | Carlos Hernández Bailo (ESP) | + 1' 37" |
| 6 | Marco Giovannetti (ITA) | + 2' 02" |
| 7 | Mariano Sánchez Martinez (ESP) | + 2' 09" |
| 8 | Francisco Javier Mauleón (ESP) | + 2' 22" |
| 9 | Jon Unzaga (ESP) | + 2' 29" |
| 10 | Abelardo Rondón (COL) | + 2' 31" |
# Abraham Lincoln School

Abraham Lincoln School was for freedmen and opened on October 3, 1865, in New Orleans on the campus of University of Louisiana (predecessor to Tulane University) after the American Civil War. It was featured on the cover of Harper's Weekly.
It opened under the supervision of Rev. Thomas W. Conway, an assistant commissioner of the Freedmen Bureau. Attendance was free at first and attracted some 750 students. At that time, the school had 14 teachers. When tuition charges were instituted, enrollment dropped by about half. About 75 percent of students were reported to be of "mixed blood". Mr. E.F. Waven, a Yale graduate from New York was the school's first principal. He was succeeded by M.A. Warren.
# Back o'th' Brook

Back o'th' Brook is a village in Staffordshire, England. The population for the 2011 census can be found under Waterhouses
* This Staffordshire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Admete ovata

Admete ovata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 6 mm, its diameter 3.5 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Japan.
# Arabineura khalidi

Arabineura khalidi is a species of damselfly in the family Platycnemididae. It is found in Oman and United Arab Emirates. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Brick Township Reservoir

The 120-acre Brick Township Reservoir site, located on Herbertsville and Sally Ike Roads is a source of municipal water for towns in Ocean County, New Jersey and is owned by the Brick Township Municipal Utilities Authority. The reservoir, while often referred to as "Brick Reservoir" is actually located in both Brick and Wall Townships, with 80 of the 120 acres within Wall Township borders. Through a joint agreement with Wall Township, police, fire and first aid protection for the reservoir are provided by Brick Township.
The Brick Reservoir is a pumped reservoir that draws its water from the Metedeconk River watershed unlike the nearby Manasquan Reservoir which uses the Manasquan River watershed as its source. The reservoir can pump up to 24 million US gallons (91,000 m$^3$) of water daily through its 4.7-mile pipeline connection to the river. When the reservoir basin is filled to capacity, it covers approximately 90 acres (36 ha) of the property.
The $19.4 million reservoir opened May 7, 2005, is 90 feet (27 m) deep and has a capacity of 1 billion gallons.

## History

The reservoir is constructed on the site of an abandoned gravel pit, the authority purchased the property in April 1996 for $810,000, which was mostly funded through a 30-year lease to a communication company for a cell phone tower.
To prepare the former gravel mining site for use as a reservoir existing buildings and debris were removed, including approximately 33,500 tons of steel slag and 7,000 tons of Kaofin, a legally dumped by-product from Marcal Paper corporation. An additional 1,000,000 cubic yards of overburden material were excavated and removed from the site.
At the time of the reservoir's construction it was only the second fully lined reservoir in the United States. The reservoir's design is based on an existing lined reservoir in Colorado. The reservoir's liner is 40 millimeters thick and covered by 18 inches of soil with a narrow rock breakwater surrounding the shore line to protect against wave erosion. The design life of the reservoir is anticipated to be around 75–100 years.

## Recreation

There is a public 1.6 miles (2.6 km) perimeter trail which encircles the reservoir. Fishing is permitted on the reservoir and there are several 40-by-100-foot fishing stations located on the site.
# Alfred Wood (cricketer)

Alfred Herbert Wood (23 April 1866 — 19 April 1941) was an English first-class cricketer who was private secretary to Arthur Conan Doyle for 29 years.
The son of Robert Wood, he was born at Portsmouth in April 1866. He was educated at Portsmouth Grammar School, before matriculating on an open mathematics scholarship to Brasenose College, Oxford. After graduating from Oxford, he returned to Portsmouth to become an assistant master at Portsmouth Grammar School. Wood was a close friend of the writer Arthur Conan Doyle, having met him in between 1882 and 1890, when Conan Doyle was practicing as an oculist in Portsmouth. In 1901, he left his employment as an assistant master to become Conan Doyle's private secretary and business manager, positions he would hold until his retirement in 1930. Following Conan Doyle's death in July 1930, Wood was bequeathed £250 per year by him.
Wood played club cricket for both the Hampshire Hogs and Hampshire Rovers, and in 1901 he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Somerset at Portsmouth in the County Championship. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 11 runs by Len Braund in Hampshire's first innings, before being dismissed for the same score in their second innings by Beaumont Cranfield. Wood was a member of the Marylebone Cricket Club.
He was a prominent Freemason, having joined the Phoenix Lodge of Freemasons in 1895. His sporting interests outside of cricket included his membership of the Royal Albert Yacht Club and the Hindhead Golf Club, in addition to serving as president of the Portsmouth Football Association for 15 years. Wood was also an officer in the British Army with the Royal Sussex Regiment (as part of the Territorial Force), gaining the rank of captain. He served in the First World War, gaining the temporary rank of major in September 1915. During the war, he saw action on the Western Front, and later on the Italian front in 1918. In later life, he took a keen interest in the Portsmouth Victoria Nursing Association and was treasurer of the Phoenix Lodge of Freemasons. Wood, who had remained a bachelor throughout his life, died suddenly at Southsea in April 1941.
# Alunda

Alunda is a locality situated in Östhammar Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden with 2,317 inhabitants in 2010.