OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 4-Ethylguaiacol

4-Ethylguaiacol, often abbreviated to 4-EG, is a phenolic compound with the molecular formula C$_9$H$_{12}$O$_2$. It can be produced in wine and beer by Brettanomyces. It is also frequently present in bio-oil produced by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.

## Winemaking

It is produced along with 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) in wine and beer by the spoilage yeast Brettanomyces. When it is produced by the yeast to concentrations greater than the sensory threshold of >600 μg/L, it can contribute bacon, spice, clove, or smoky aromas to the wine. On their own these characters can be quite attractive in a wine, however as the compound usually occurs with 4-EP whose aromas can be more aggressive, the presence of the compound often signifies a wine fault. The ratio in which 4-EP and 4-EG are present can greatly affect the organoleptic properties of the wine.

## Bio-oil

4-Ethylguaiacol can also be produced by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. It is produced from the lignin, along with many of the other phenolic compounds present in bio-oil. In particular, 4-ethylguaiacol is derived from guaiacyl in the lignin.
# 632 Armenia earthquake

The 632 Armenia earthquake reportedly affected the region of Armenia (Armenian highlands). The primary source for this earthquake is the chronicle of Michael the Syrian (12th century), which only offers a brief narrative on the subject. According to it, a "tremor" (earthquake) destroyed many places in Armenia. It does not specifically name these places. Michael the Syrian dates this earthquake to 632, but the exact date is unknown. The chronology of Michael's narrative is considered unreliable, and it is possible that he misdated this earthquake.
# 66 Banbury Road, Oxford

66 Banbury Road is a detached Victorian villa in North Oxford built in 1869 by Frederick Codd. The villa is one of the largest structures in the suburb and is particularly distinctive due to its prominent site on the corner of Banbury and Norham Roads and its tall 6-story Italianate tower, which is a local landmark.
Originally named 'St Catherine's', the house, which sits in a one-acre plot, was first leased to Mrs Catherine Fry, in 1874. Mrs Fry occupied the house from its construction to 1894. Early 20th century residents included Dr and Mrs A.A. Prankerd of Manchester College.
In 1930 Wolsey Hall, Oxford acquired No.66 and operated their home tutoring business from the site. This marked the end of the building's residential use and its permanent transition to institutional purposes. As at 2019, No.66 is home to the Oxford English Centre and the University of Oxford Institute of Population Ageing.
In 2008, No.66 was designated a Grade II listed building.
# 7387 Malbil

7387 Malbil (prov. designation: 1982 BS$_1$) is an elongated background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 30 January 1982, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station in Arizona, United States. The asteroid has a rotation period of 7.5 hours and measures approximately 6 kilometers (4 miles) in diameter. It is named for American pianist Malcolm Bilson.

## Classification and orbit

Malbil is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 10 months (1,401 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first used observation at the discovering observatory in 1986, or 4 years after its official discovery observation.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after American fortepianist and musicologist Malcolm Bilson (born 1935), who gave a recital at the "Asteroids, Comets, Meteors" conference at Cornell University in New York. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 July 1999 (M.P.C. 35485).

## Physical characteristics

As of 2020, Malbil's effective size, its composition and albedo remain unknown. Data from photometric observation gave a modeled sidereal rotation period of 7.5498 hours and two spin axes at (253°, −74°) and (127.0°, −69.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β). The modeling suggests that the asteroid is rather elongated in shape.
Based on a magnitude-to-diameter conversion, its generic diameter is between 5 and 12 kilometer for an absolute magnitude of 13.4, and an assumed albedo in the range of 0.05 to 0.25. Since asteroids in the inner main-belt are typically of stony rather than carbonaceous composition, with albedos of 0.20 or higher, Malbil's diameter can be estimate to measure around 6.3 kilometers, as the higher its albedo (reflectivity), the lower the body's diameter at a constant absolute magnitude (brightness).
# 750cc Grand Prix

750cc Grand Prix is a video game originally developed by Ken Murfitt of Scope Soft and published by Codemasters in 1989 for the Amstrad CPC. It was later ported for ZX Spectrum in 1991 by WASP (Lyndon Sharp, Chris Graham and Damon Redmond).

## Gameplay

750cc Grand Prix is an arcade-style racing game with the theme of Grand Prix motorcycle racing. There are six British tracks, including Silverstone, Thruxton and Brands Hatch. The player must finish in the top three in each race to progress, competing against up to seven other computer-controlled riders.

## Development

Programmer Lyndon Sharp got the idea for 750cc Grand Prix after riding pillion on Codemasters' spokesman Mike Clarke's motorcycle.

## Reception

CRASH magazine reviewed 750cc Grand Prix in March 1991, awarding 72%. The main criticism was with the starting-line acceleration of the computer-controlled opponents – unfairly quick compared the player's motorcycle. The review also highlighted the screen-tilting feature, in which the graphical display tilts when the player's motorcycle banks around bends.
# Adirondack Railway (disambiguation)

Adirondack Railway may refer to:
* Adirondack Railway, a predecessor of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company
* Adirondack Railway (1976–1981), a heritage railroad which ran between Utica and Lake Placid, New York, during the 1980 Winter Olympics
* Adirondack Scenic Railroad, a modern successor to the Adirondack Railway between Utica and Lake Placid
# Ali-zu

Ali-zu is an assimilated Siraya deity that is worshiped by former plains people in southern Taiwan. This god of fertility has been incorporated into the Han pantheon in some places of Taiwan.
# 1867 in Belgium

Events in the year 1867 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

    Monarch: Leopold II
    Head of government: Charles Rogier

## Events
### February

* 2 February – Mines across the Charleroi coalfield closed by strikes.$^{:684}$
* 23 February – Commercial treaty with the Austrian Empire, mutually granting most favoured nation status.

### April

* 25 April – Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders, marries Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

### May

* 11 May – Treaty of London establishes independence of Luxembourg; Prussian forces evacuated from Grand-Duchy.$^{:684}$
* 17 May – New criminal code published.$^{:684}$
* 19 May – Paper ballots introduced in elections.$^{:684}$

### July

* Delhaize Brothers begin trading.$^{:684}$
* 11-18 July – 2,400 Belgian Volunteers visit London, received by the Lord Mayor, entertained by the Wimbledon Volunteers, and a ball held in their honour at the Agricultural Hall, Islington, attended by Prince Albert.

### August

* 2 August – Peter Benoit becomes head of the Antwerp conservatory.$^{:684}$

### September

* 2-7 September – Third Catholic Congress in Mechelen.

### December

* 8 December – Victor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps named Archbishop of Mechelen in succession to the recently deceased Engelbert Sterckx (enthroned 28 January 1868).

## Publications
### Periodicals

* Almanach royal officiel (Brussels, E. Guyot)
* Collection de précis historiques, 16, edited by Edouard Terwecoren

### Books

* Charles De Coster, La Légende d'Uylenspiegel (Brussels)

## Births

* 19 January – Jean Delville, painter (died 1953)
* 28 February – William Degouve de Nuncques, painter (died 1935)
* 2 April – Louise Danse, painter (died 1948)
* 6 April – Maurice De Wulf, philosopher (died 1947)
* 15 May – Jef Leempoels, painter (died 1935)
* 27 May – Anna De Weert, painter (died 1950)
* 4 August – Valerius de Saedeleer, painter (died 1941)
* 7 August – Léo d'Ursel, diplomat (died 1934)
* 10 August – Bruno Destrée, monk-poet (died 1919)
* 21 June – Meyrianne Héglon, opera singer (died 1942)
* 8 November
** Léopold Charlier, violinist (died 1936)
** Léon Houa, cyclist (died 1918)
* 27 December – Léon Delacroix, prime minister (died 1929)

## Deaths

* 10 January – Alfred Mosselman (born 1810), industrialist
* 2 March – Frans-Andries Durlet (born 1816), architect
* 4 June – Jan Teichmann (born 1788), engineer
* 10 September – Jules de Saint-Genois (born 1813), politician
* 12 November – Charles Frédéric Dubois (born 1804), naturalist
* 4 December – Engelbert Sterckx (born 1792), archbishop
# Arnórr jarlaskáld

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld (Poet of Earls) (c. 1012 – 1070s) was an Icelandic skald, son of Þórðr Kolbeinsson. Arnórr travelled as a merchant and often visited the Orkney Islands where he composed poems for the Earls, receiving his byname. For king Magnus the Good, he composed Hrynhenda. He also composed memorial poems for Magnus the Good and Haraldr harðráði. He is considered one of the major skalds of the 11th century.
# Academy of Toulouse

The Academy of Toulouse is a school district in the Occitanie region of southern France.
It is administered by a rector. The rectory is located in the city of Toulouse.

## Departments

It combines the educational departments of:
* Ariège (09),
* Aveyron (12),
* Haute-Garonne (31),
* Gers (32),
* Lot (46),
* Hautes-Pyrénées (65),
* Tarn (81)
* Tarn-et-Garonne (82).
43°34′41″N 1°26′46″E﻿ / ﻿43.5781°N 1.4462°E﻿ / 43.5781; 1.4462
# XHJU-TDT

XHJU-TDT (channel 7) is a television station in Tapachula serving as the outside. It is owned by ABC Owned Television Stations, alongside-licensed Telesistema outlet, metropolitan area.
XHJU-TDT is best known in broadcasting circles for its version of the Eyewitness News format and for its morning show, syndicated nationally by corporate cousin ABC Owned Television Stations.

## History
### Fundation

The station signed on August 10, 1948, as XHJU-TV Channel 7 thought concessionaire Corporación Nacional de Radio y Televisión S.A. de C.V. was owned by Emisoras Unidas. The station had studios and a transmitter at the 5100 Southwest Freeway, Inaugurated in March 1, 1953.

### Inravisión (1963-1987)

In 1963, the guatemalan government reorganized its broadcast holdings. The was result was the National Radio and Television Institute, which change its name Inravisión In 1979. now known as National Network 7, but the former Television Rural Nacional, with its channel 22 station, and third network known as National Network 13 and broadcast in Tapachula by the brand-new XHTAP channel 13.
Argentina hosted the 1978 FIFA World Cup. In order to allow for the event to be broadcast in color around the world, new color studio facilities were required; the country still had no color telecasts of its own. At the same time, there was unfinished construction in Buenos Aires; in the 1970s, prior to the coup of 1976, work had commenced of the Altar de La Patria (Altar of the Fatherland), which was to be mausoleum for Eva and Juan Perón. A new innovative television center was built on the underground site for what was named Argentina 78 Televisora (A78TV), the television production center for the World Cup.

### ABC Owned Television Stations (1987-present)

In 1987, Inravisión and Televisora Independiente de Guatemala, were grouped together to form the ABC Owned Television Stations, a company owned by Grupo Morosini.
XHJU-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, VHF channel 7, at 1:00.p.m. on October 28, 2015, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital transmission.

## Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:
Subchannels of XHJU-TDT :
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short Name | Programming |
| 7.1 | 720p | 16:9 | XHJU | Canal 7 |
| 7.2 | 720p | 16:9 | LOClish | Localish |
| 7.3 | 480i | 16:9 | TVN3 | TVN3 |

### Analog to digital transmission

XHJU-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, VHF channel 7, at 1:00 p.m. on October 28, 2015, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital transmission.
# Apopestes spectrum

Apopestes spectrum is a species of moth in the family Erebidae first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1787.

## Description

Apopestes spectrum has a wingspan of 74–82 mm. The forewings of this large moth are light brown, with dark brown markings. In the postdiscal area near the inner edge there is a dark spot. The hindwings have a pale brown color. The caterpillars are slender and yellow, with two black stripes and irregular black markings on each side. The head shows whitish and black dots. The chrysalis is reddish brown.
There is one generation per year (univoltine). Caterpillars can be found from late April to June. They feed on Papilionaceae species, including Genista, Sarothamnus, Spaltium, Glycyrrhiza and Retama raetam. The moths overwinter from July up to March of the following year.

## Distribution

This species has a Mediterranean distribution. It can be found in many European countries (Albania, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, and Switzerland) and from Maghreb, to western Turkey, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan.

## Habitat

In the valleys of the southern Alps this moth lives in warm areas up to an elevation of about 800 meters.
# 1977–78 Scottish Inter-District Championship

The 1977–78 Scottish Inter-District Championship was a rugby union competition for Scotland's district teams.
This season saw the 25th Scottish Inter-District Championship.
South, Glasgow District and Edinburgh District shared the competition with 2 wins and 1 loss each.

## 1977-78 League Table

| Team | P | W | D | L | PF | PA | +/- | Pts |
| Glasgow District | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 15 | +41 | 4 |
| South | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 57 | 34 | +23 | 4 |
| Edinburgh District | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 49 | 34 | +15 | 4 |
| North and Midlands | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 86 | -79 | 0 |

## Results

| Date | Try | Conversion | Penalty | Dropped goal | Goal from mark | Notes |
| 1977–1991 | 4 points | 2 points | 3 points | 3 points | — |

### Round 1

* 25 October 1977
| Glasgow District | 4 – 6 | Edinburgh District |
| | Preview Report | |
* Hughenden Stadium Referee: W. K. Burrell (Gala)
Glasgow District: C. D. R. Mair (West of Scotland), T. Dunlop (West of Scotland), W. V. Dobbs (Kilmarnock), R. B. Campbell (Kilmarnock), David Shedden (West of Scotland), B. M. Gossman (West of Scotland), H. R. McHardy (Kilmarnock), J. MacLauchlan (Jordanhill) [captain], R. H. Allan (Kilmarnock), Hugh Campbell (Jordanhill), J. A. Martin (Jordanhill), D. J. M. Smith (Glasgow HSFP), J. G. Carswell (Jordanhill), D. S. M. Macdonald (West of Scotland), D. G. Leslie (West of Scotland)
Edinburgh District:

### Round 2

* 29 October 1977
| South | 25 – 0 | North and Midlands |
| | Preview Report | |
* Riverside Park, Jedburgh Referee: N. R. Sanson (London Scottish)
South:
North and Midlands:

### Round 3

* 10 December 1977
| North and Midlands | 3 – 33 | Glasgow District |
| | Preview Report | |
* University Park, St. Andrews Referee: W. A. Bryce (Edinburgh Northern)
North and Midlands:
Glasgow District:
* 10 December 1977
| Edinburgh District | 15 – 26 | South |
| | Preview Report | |
* Jock's Lodge, Edinburgh Referee: I. M. L. Thomas (Manchester)
Edinburgh District:
South:

### Round 4

* 17 December 1977
| Glasgow District | 19 – 6 | South |
| | Preview Report | |
* Hughenden Stadium Referee: D. I. H. Burnett (Ireland)
Glasgow District:
South:
* 17 December 1977
| Edinburgh District | 28 – 4 | North and Midlands |
| | Preview Report | |
* Myreside Referee: J. Short (Hawick)
Edinburgh District:
North and Midlands:

## Matches outwith the Championship
### Other Scottish matches

* 11 October 1977
| Glasgow District | – | Anglo-Scots |
| | Preview | |
* Hughenden Stadium
Glasgow District:
Anglo-Scots:

### Trial matches

* 7 January 1978
| Blues Trial | - | Whites Trial |
| | Preview | |
* Murrayfield Stadium
Blues:
Whites:
# Apsorroceras

Apsorroceras is an extinct genus of cephalopod belonging to the Ammonite subclass.
# Arandis

Arandis may refer to:
* Arandis Constituency, Namibia
* Arandis, Namibia, a town
* Ourique Municipality, Portugal, formerly Arandis
# Arandi

Arandi is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Lääne-Saare Parish.
# Arandilla del Arroyo

Arandilla del Arroyo is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It had a population of 7 as of 2020.
# Arachis monticola

Arachis monticola is a close relative of the domesticated peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Besides the peanut, it is the only other tetraploid species in the genus Arachis. It is thought to be the immediate wild ancestor of peanut, although it may be a weedy form, descended from cultivated peanuts.
# 1981 Irish Greyhound Derby

The 1981 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during June and July with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 25 July 1981.
The winner Bold Work won £25,000 and was trained by Frank O'Regan, owned by Breda O'Regan and bred by Michael Foley. The competition was sponsored by Carrolls.

## Final result

At Shelbourne, 25 July (over 525 yards):
| Position | Winner | Breeding | Trap | SP | Time | Trainer |
| 1st | Bold Work | Itsachampion – Silver Moll | 3 | 6/1 | 29.32 | Frank O'Regan |
| 2nd | Calandra Champ | Itsachampion – Calendar Girl | 2 | 4/6f | 29.36 | Francie Murray |
| 3rd | Moreen Rocket | Moreen Hyena – Bog Match | 1 | 6/1 | 29.37 | Jim Conaty |
| 4th | Brickyard Gem | Glen Rock – Grange Hostess | 5 | 6/1 | 29.39 | Francie Murray |
| 5th | Murlens Blond | Liberty Lad – Lemon Cider | 4 | 10/1 | | Christy O'Rourke |
| 6th | Robbie Lad | Some Skinomage – Another Flame | 6 | 16/1 | | John Franklin |

### Distances

½, short-head, head (lengths)

## Semi finals

First semi final (Jul 18) :
| Pos | Name of Greyhound | Time |
| 1st | Calandra Champ | 29.32 |
| 2nd | Robbie Lad | 29.74 |
| 3rd | Sinbad | 29.75 |
| u | Millbowe Sam | |
Second semi final (Jul 18) :
| Pos | Name of Greyhound | Time |
| 1st | Moreen Rocket | 29.44 |
| 2nd | Bold Work | 29.51 |
| 3rd | Cooladine Super | 29.68 |
Third semi final (Jul 18) :
| Pos | Name of Greyhound | Time |
| 1st | Murlens Blond | 29.36 |
| 2nd | Brickyard Gem | 29.41 |
| u | Upland Tiger 7-4f | |
| u | Gos Beag | |

## Competition Report

A historic 50th Irish Greyhound Derby event attracted 118 runners. The Irish challenge was headed by Produce Stakes winner Calandra Champ trained by Francie Murray and owned by Eddie Costello. The main English challenge was Upland Tiger trained by George Curtis and both hounds showed their class winning in fast times on opening night of 29.09 and 29.08 respectively.
The second round produced some controversy when Bonifacio won in 31.55, the bookmakers felt the stewards should have declared a no race because of the time and stood down for the next race. Two runners Kool Dude and Millbowe Sam broke 29 seconds winning in 28.88 and 28.96. The third round saw Cooladine Super go best in 29.06 with Upland Tiger and Calandra Champ winning once again. Bold Work was next to show his hand winning his quarter-final in 29.10 with further wins for Cooladine Super, Calandra Champ and Oran Jack.
Calandra Champ continued a faultless run to the final beating Robbie Lad by six lengths in the first semi, Moreen Rocket defeated Bold Work in the second heat and Murlens Blond and Brickyard Gem qualified from the final heat with Upland Tiger being eliminated.
In the final Calandra Champ made a poor start and after trouble at the first his challenge had ended. Bold Work led early pursued by Brickyard Gem and Robbie Lad. Bold Work held on well and came home first holding off a late challenge by Calandra Champ who had run a remarkable race to gain considerable ground.
# 1981 Nippon Professional Baseball season

The 1981 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the 32nd season of operation for the league.

## Regular season standings
### Central League

| Central League | G | W | L | T | Pct. | GB |
| Yomiuri Giants | 130 | 73 | 48 | 9 | .603 | – |
| Hiroshima Toyo Carp | 130 | 67 | 54 | 9 | .554 | 6.0 |
| Hanshin Tigers | 130 | 67 | 58 | 5 | .536 | 8.0 |
| Yakult Swallows | 130 | 56 | 58 | 16 | .491 | 13.5 |
| Chunichi Dragons | 130 | 58 | 65 | 7 | .472 | 16.0 |
| Yokohama Taiyo Whales | 130 | 42 | 80 | 8 | .344 | 31.5 |

### Pacific League

| Pacific League | G | W | L | T | Pct. | 1st Half Ranking | 2nd Half Ranking |
| Nippon-Ham Fighters | 130 | 68 | 54 | 8 | .557 | 4 | 1 |
| Hankyu Braves | 130 | 68 | 58 | 4 | .540 | 3 | 2 |
| Lotte Orions | 130 | 63 | 57 | 10 | .525 | 1 | 3 |
| Seibu Lions | 130 | 61 | 61 | 8 | .500 | 2 | 5 |
| Nankai Hawks | 130 | 53 | 65 | 12 | .449 | 5 | 6 |
| Kintetsu Buffaloes | 130 | 54 | 72 | 4 | .429 | 6 | 4 |

## Pacific League Playoff

The Pacific League teams with the best first and second-half records met in a best-of-five playoff series to determine the league representative in the Japan Series.
Nippon-Ham Fighters won the series 3–1–1.
| Game | Score | Date | Location |
| 1 | Orions – 1, Fighters – 4 | October 7 | Kawasaki Stadium |
| 2 | Orions – 5, Fighters – 5 | October 10 | Kawasaki Stadium |
| 3 | Fighters – 4, Orions – 1 | October 11 | Korakuen Stadium |
| 4 | Fighters – 6, Orions – 11 | October 12 | Korakuen Stadium |
| 5 | Fighters – 8, Orions – 4 | October 13 | Korakuen Stadium |

## Japan Series

Yomiuri Giants won the series 4–2.
| Game | Score | Date | Location | Attendance |
| 1 | Fighters – 6, Giants – 5 | October 17 | Korakuen Stadium | 36,056 |
| 2 | Fighters – 1, Giants – 2 | October 18 | Korakuen Stadium | 42,376 |
| 3 | Giants – 2, Fighters – 3 | October 20 | Korakuen Stadium | 36,180 |
| 4 | Giants – 8, Fighters – 2 | October 21 | Korakuen Stadium | 38,627 |
| 5 | Giants – 9, Fighters – 0 | October 23 | Korakuen Stadium | 31,419 |
| 6 | Fighters – 3, Giants – 6 | October 25 | Korakuen Stadium | 43,604 |
# Archaeospheniscus

Archaeospheniscus is an extinct genus of large penguins. It currently contains three species, known from somewhat fragmentary remains. A. wimani, the smallest species (about the size of a gentoo penguin), was found in Middle or Late Eocene strata (34-50 MYA) of the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctica, whereas the other two, about the size of a modern emperor penguin, are known from bones recovered from the Late Oligocene Kokoamu Greensand Formation (27-28 MYA) at Duntroon, New Zealand.
The genus is one of the earliest known primitive penguins. Its humerus is still very slender, between the form seen in ordinary bird wings and the thickened condition found in modern penguins. On the other hand, the tarsometatarsus shows a peculiar mix of characters found in modern and primitive forms. Whether this signifies that the genus is an ancestor of modern taxa or represents a case of parallel evolution is unknown.

## Species

* Archaeospheniscus lowei
* Archaeospheniscus lopdelli
* Archaeospheniscus wimani
# Arachnothryx peruviana

Arachnothryx peruviana is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub endemic to Loreto Department of northeastern Peru.