# Baljci, Tomislavgrad

Baljci (Serbian Cyrillic: Баљци) is a village in the Municipality of Tomislavgrad in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The village belongs to the local community of Šujica. Until 1945, the village was administratively part of the Srez of Livno.
The village was populated by mostly ethnic Serbs with a Croat minority. The main economic activity was husbandry. After World War II, the population declined due to economic emigration. Most villagers left the area before the Bosnian War outbreak in 1992. In April of that year, the village became uninhabited after Croat forces arrested the remaining Serbs and murdered two civilians. In 2015, two Serb former residents returned to the village.

## History

Baljci village was populated mainly by ethnic Serbs, with a Croat minority. The Serb population included the Cvjetić, Mišković, Velimir and Ćevap families. The Croat families were named Križanac, Marković, Krstanović and Nevistić. Until 1945, the village was administratively part of the Srez of Livno. It belonged to the local community seated in Šujica, which also used to be part of Livno.
During World War II, the local Serb population generally did not endure major persecution due to their good standing with Croats from Šujica. In June 1941, some Baljci residents were arrested and tortured by the Ustaše. The same year, three residents were shot dead in individual shootings by the Ustaše or the occupying Italian forces. Baljci was among the first Serb-majority villages in the region between Livno and Tomislavgrad to join the Yugoslav Partisans. Thirteen Serb residents of Baljci were killed as Partisans, five Croats were killed as members of the Ustaše, three as members of the Croatian Home Guard—seven of whom were killed during the Bleiburg repatriations of 1945. In total, 20 Serb and two Croat civilians were killed during the war. After the war, Baljci was among nine villages of the Municipality of Duvno without the basic organisation of the local League of Communists of Yugoslavia; farmers seldom joined the Communist Party.
After World War II, the population started to leave the village for economic reasons. In mid-1945, preparations for the colonisation of Vojvodina started. Twenty-one Serb villagers left for Tovariševo and one for Obrovac in the Municipality of Bačka Palanka. The Croat Krstanović and Nevistić families left the village for economic emigration between 1955 and 1960. According to the 1991 census, forty Serbs and three Croats were in the village. Most of the population had left the village before the outbreak of the Bosnian War in 1992, including the Croat Križanac family, an elderly couple. Only seven Serbs remained in the village.
After the Battle of Kupres in April 1992, retreating Croat forces entered Baljci, arrested four Serb men and murdered two elderly women. The remaining male civilian escaped but died while retreating towards Serb-held Kupres. All remaining buildings in the village were burnt. According to the 2013 census, the village was uninhabited.
In 2015, two former Serb residents returned to Baljci to work as cattlemen. They were welcomed by the municipal and cantonal officials and the local Serbian Orthodox Church.
In Baljci are 33 stećci monumental medieval tombstones. In one of the Eastern Orthodox cemeteries, there are several old crosses with no inscription; according to a local tradition, the graves belong to the Bujas family, who arrived in Baljci from Baljci, Bileća in eastern Herzegovina. Another Eastern Orthodox cemetery has several carved wooden crosses.

## Geography

Baljci is located on the slopes of the mountain Ljubuša, south of the Kupreško Polje and north of the Šujičko Polje. It is at an altitude of 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). The village is located on a barren mountainside that serves as a pasture. Due to the high altitude, the winters are long. The nearby mountain Želivodić is covered with forest. The village had two hamlets, Cvetići and Velimiri, distanced from 500 to 1,000 metres (1,600 to 3,300 ft).

## Economy

The main economic activity in the village used to be husbandry and dairy farming; milk products were mostly sold on the Dalmatian coast. There is one sheep farm, reported in 2021. One of the widespread economic activities was also foresting in the nearby Želivodić mountain.
In January 2020, the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina gave preliminary approval to four local companies to be issued energy permits for the construction of a wind farm in the Municipality of Tomislavgrad, including Baljci. The Ministry of Energy, Mining and Industry of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina issued a draft permit for the wind farm in September 2020. The Baljci wind farm will have a capacity of 48 MW, and its annual energy production is projected to be 145.7 GWh. The investor in the wind farm is a Tomislavgrad-based company, Tomkup.

## Demographics

| Ethnic group | Population 1961 | % | Population 1971 | % | Population 1981 | % | Population 1991 | % | Population 2013 | % |
| Croats | 85 | 43.37 | 29 | 19.20 | 6 | 9.23 | 3 | 6.98 | 0 | 0 |
| Serbs | 111 | 56.63 | 122 | 80.80 | 59 | 90.77 | 40 | 93.02 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 196 | 196 | 151 | 151 | 65 | 65 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 |

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 Karan 2016, p. 99.
* ↑ Karan 2016, p. 101.
* ↑ Ivić 2019, p. 154.
* ↑ Karan 2016, p. 311.
* ↑ Karan 2016, p. 312.
* ↑ Karan 2016, p. 350.
* 1 2 Karan 2016, p. 430.
* 1 2 Penava 2000, p. 430.
* ↑ Lučić 2012, p. 572.
* 1 2 3 4 Karan 2016, p. 100.
* ↑ Karan 2016, p. 436.
* ↑ Karan 2016, pp. 439–441.
* 1 2 Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1993, p. 106.
* 1 2 3 Karan 2016, p. 680.
* ↑ Karan 2016, p. 681.
* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 526–527.
* ↑ Općina Tomislavgrad 2015.
* ↑ Milić 2000, p. 619.
* ↑ Zelenika et al. 1977, p. 7.
* ↑ Karan 2016, pp. 101–102.
* ↑ Karačić 2021.
* ↑ Radulovikj 2020.
* ↑ Balkan Green Energy News 2020.
* ↑ Nacionalni sastav stanovništva FNR Jugoslavije 1994c.
* ↑ Nacionalni sastav stanovništva FNR Jugoslavije 1994b.
* ↑ Nacionalni sastav stanovništva FNR Jugoslavije 1994a.
* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 532–533.