OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Barton Family Foundation

The Barton Family Foundation is a charity established in 2005 by United States Congressman Joe Barton to provide support to "select charitable organizations" in Texas's 6th congressional district, which Barton represents. His daughter-in-law, Amy Barton, is the Foundation's Executive Director. The foundation spent $130,000 on overhead between 2005 and 2008 and made $90,000 in donations.
The foundation drew page one attention from The New York Times when it was revealed that major energy corporations, such as the Chicago-based nuclear energy producer, Exelon Corporation, make large gifts to the Foundation. In June 2008, at a time when Barton had introduced legislation to assist corporations with the recycling of spent nuclear fuel, Barton solicited a $25,000 donation to the Foundation from Exelon. Exelon has also donated $80,000 to Barton's campaign funds.
According to a 2008 story in The New York Times, the foundation pledged $400,000 to the local Boys and Girls Club to help build a $1.2 million clubhouse. The Washington Times reported in 2009 that the foundation gave only $90,000 for the clubhouse. The foundation also pledged $500,000 for a local Meals on Wheels group. Although the foundation made no direct gifts to that charity, Energy Future Holdings and BNSF Railway gave $35,000 in the foundation's name. Both companies have also supported Barton election campaigns.
The donations by major energy corporations led to an investigation by the Office of Congressional Ethics in 2009. Barton was cleared of unethical conduct charges.
# Bainang County

Bainang County (Tibetan: པ་སྣམ་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 白朗县) is a county of Xigazê in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

## Administration divisions

Bainang County is divided into 2 towns and 9 townships.
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie |
| Towns |||||
| Norbu Khyungtse Town | 洛江镇 | Luòjiāng zhèn | ནོར་བུ་ཁྱུང་རྩེ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | nor bu khyung rtse grong rdal |
| Gadong Town | 嘎东镇 | Gādōng zhèn | སྒ་གདོང་གྲོང་རྡལ། | sga gdong grong rdal |
| Townships |||||
| Pältsel Township | 巴扎乡 | Bāzhā xiāng | དཔལ་ཚལ་ཤང་། | dpal tshal shang |
| Mak Township | 玛乡 | Mǎ xiāng | མག་ཤང་། | mag shang |
| Wangden Township | 旺丹乡 | Wàngdān xiāng | དབང་ལྡན་ཤང་། | dbang ldan shang |
| Qunub Township | 曲奴乡 | Qǔnú xiāng | ཆུ་ནུབ་ཤང་། | chu nub shang |
| Düjung Township | 杜琼乡 | Dùqióng xiāng | འདུས་བྱུང་ཤང་། | 'dus byung shang |
| Jangtö Township | 强堆乡 | Qiángduī xiāng | བྱང་སྟོད་ཤང་། | byang stod shang |
| Gabug Township | 嘎普乡 | Gāpǔ xiāng | སྒ་སྦུག་ཤང་། | sga sbug shang |
| Tashar Township | 者下乡 | Zhěxià xiāng | བཀྲ་ཤར་ཤང་། | bkra shar shang |
| Tongshé Township | 东喜乡 | Dōngxǐ xiāng | སྟོང་ཤེ་ཤང་། | stong she shang |
# 87 Hackford Road (Van Gogh)

87 Hackford Road is the first known work of Vincent van Gogh, dating back to 1873 or 1874. It depicts the house where he lived while working in London. It was only recognised as his work a whole century later, in 1973.

## Background

Van Gogh lodged at the home of Ursula Loyer and her daughter Eugenie, at 87 Hackford Road, Stockwell, London, England, from August 1873, while working at the art dealership Goupil & Co.
He sketched the 1824-built, three-storey Georgian terrace including the house, opposite Durand School, using pencil with chalk highlights. He lettered the wall "Hackford Road" and the gate "Maison Loyer". Was an inspiring artist, using Post Impressionistic styles.

## Discovery

In 1973, while researching an article on van Gogh, the journalist Ken Wilkie visited Eugenie's granddaughter, Kathleen Maynard, at her home in Stoke Gabriel, Devon, England. While she was showing him photographs of the Loyers and their house, he noticed a dusty, tea- or coffee- stained drawing in the box in which the photographs were kept. Maynard recalled that her father said it had been drawn by "one of my [Maynard's] Grandmother's lodgers" and "it's been up in the attic as long as I can remember".
Wilkie recognised it as depicting the house in Hackford Road, and being potentially Van Gogh's work. With Maynard's blessing, he took it to Amsterdam, where Dr Hans Jaffé, an authority on the artist working at the University of Amsterdam, authenticated it. The final paragraph of Jaffé's report read:
   On the grounds of topographical evidence, the origin of the drawing, but especially on the grounds of the style in which this drawing has been made... I do not hesitate to accept the drawing shown to me as a work of Vincent van Gogh from his London period 1873–1874.

## Display

Maynard lent the drawing to the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, for its reopening in 1973, and it remained in their care for over three decades, during which time it was exhibited there, and at the Kröller-Müller Museum and at the Barbican Centre in London. Maynard died in 2000, and in 2005 her daughter Anne Shaw requested its return; and so it remains in the possession of the original family.
# Baron Hives

Baron Hives, of Duffield in the County of Derby, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created 7 July 1950 for the Ernest Hives, Chairman of Rolls-Royce Ltd. As of 2010 the title is held by his grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his uncle in 1997.

## Baron Hives (1950)

* Ernest Walter Hives, 1st Baron Hives (1886–1965)
* John Warwick Hives, 2nd Baron Hives (1913–1997)
* Matthew Peter Hives, 3rd Baron Hives (b. 1971)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son, the Hon. Henry Peter David Hives (born 2024).

### Title succession chart

Title succession chart, Barons Hives :
Ernest Hives 1st Baron Hives 1886–1965 :
| John Hives 2nd Baron Hives 1913–1997 | John Hives 2nd Baron Hives 1913–1997 | John Hives 2nd Baron Hives 1913–1997 | John Hives 2nd Baron Hives 1913–1997 | John Hives 2nd Baron Hives 1913–1997 | John Hives 2nd Baron Hives 1913–1997 | Flt.Off. Edward Hives 1916–1940 | Hon. Peter Hives 1921–1974 | Hon. Michael Hives 1926–2018 |
| | | | | | | | | | Matthew Hives 3rd Baron Hives born 1971 | Matthew Hives 3rd Baron Hives born 1971 | Matthew Hives 3rd Baron Hives born 1971 | Matthew Hives 3rd Baron Hives born 1971 | Matthew Hives 3rd Baron Hives born 1971 | Matthew Hives 3rd Baron Hives born 1971 | Robert Hives born 1953 | Robert Hives born 1953 | Robert Hives born 1953 | Robert Hives born 1953 | Robert Hives born 1953 | Robert Hives born 1953 |
| | | | | | | | | | Hon. Henry Hives born 2024 | Hon. Henry Hives born 2024 | Hon. Henry Hives born 2024 | Hon. Henry Hives born 2024 | Hon. Henry Hives born 2024 | Hon. Henry Hives born 2024 | William Hives born 1977 | William Hives born 1977 | William Hives born 1977 | William Hives born 1977 | William Hives born 1977 | William Hives born 1977 |

## Arms

Coat of arms of Baron Hives :
* CrestIn front of a sun in splendour Or an eagle rising Proper.
* EscutcheonOr on a chevron Sable three bee hives of the field.
* SupportersDexter the figure of a mechanic Proper overalls Azure holding in the exterior hand a micrometer sinister the figure of a draughstman Proper coat Argent holding under the exterior arm a set square and a T square also Proper.
* Motto(Thus You Make Honey Not For Yourselves You Denizens Of The Hives)
# Alojz Baránik

Alojz Baránik (born 13 June 1954) is a Slovak lawyer and politician. Since 2016, he has served as a Member of the National Council representing the Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) party.

## Early life

Baránik was born in Bratislava. In 1972, he enrolled to study law at the Charles University, but transferred to the Comenius University the following year, where he graduated in law. Following his graduation, Baránik worked as an in-house counsel for an industrial company in Bratislava for three years.
In 1982, he emigrated to Canada, where he worked as a taxi driver and real estate agent. In 1992 he returned to Czechoslovakia to take the role of the lead legal counsel for Central and Eastern Europe at the Digital Equipment Corporation. After the bankruptcy of the company in 1998, he returned to his home town in Bratislava and became an attorney.

## Political career

In the 2016 Slovak parliamentary election, Baránik was elected to the parliament on the list of the SaS party. He retained his seat in the 2020 Slovak parliamentary election. As an MP, he has entered numerous high-profile disputes with judges as well as the prosecutor general Maroš Žilinka.
# 1572 in France

Events from the year 1572 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles IX of France

## Events

* August 18 – Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre marries Margaret of Valois, sister of King Charles and daughter of Catherine de' Medici, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics in France.
* August 24 – St. Bartholomew's Day massacre: Catholics in Paris murder thousands of Protestants, including Gaspard de Coligny and Petrus Ramus, at the order of King Charles IX with Catherine de' Medici's connivance. Henry of Navarre and the Prince of Condé barely escape the same fate. This brings about the Fourth War of Religion in France.
* November 9 - Siege of Sancerre: Catholic forces of the king lay siege to Sancerre, a Huguenot stronghold in central France. The fortified city holds out for nearly eight months without bombard artillery. This is one of the last times that slings are used in European warfare.

## Births

* January 7 – Antoine de Gaudier, Jesuit writer (d. 1622)
* January 28 – Jane Frances de Chantal, French Catholic noble widow and nun (d. 1641)
* June 8 – Honorat de Porchères Laugier, Poet (d. 1653)
* September 30 – Denis-Simon de Marquemont, Cardinal and archbishop (d. 1626)
* October 27 – Marie Elisabeth of France, Princess of the House of Valois (d. 1578)

### Full date missing

* Charles Bouvard, chemist and the physician of King Louis XIII (d. 1658)
* Jean-Louis de Marillac, Noble, Marshal of France, lieutenant-general of Trois-Évêchés and governor of Metz. (d. 1632)
* René Chartier [Fr], Medical Doctor (d. 1654)
* Henri de Gondi, Bishop of Paris (1598–1622) (d. 1622)
* Antoinette d'Orléans-Longueville, Nun, countess and founder of the Congregation of Our Lady of Calvary in 1617. (d. 1618)
* Philippe Danfrie [Fr], Medalist (d. 1604)

## Deaths

* February 23 – Pierre Certon, French composer (b. c. 1510)
* June 9 – Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre (b. 1528)
* August 24 through August 31 – Victims of the 'St. Bartholomew's Day massacre'-
** Gaspard de Coligny, French Protestant leader (b. 1519)
** Claude Goudimel, French composer (b. 1510)
** Pierre de la Ramée, French humanist scholar (b. 1515)
** Charles de Téligny, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1535)
* September – Denis Lambin, French classical scholar (b. 1520)
* December 22 – François Clouet, French miniaturist (b. c. 1510)
# Agyneta breviceps

Agyneta breviceps is a species of sheet weaver found in Finland. It was described by Hippa & Oksala in 1985.
# Athens Institute for Contemporary Art

The Athens Institute for Contemporary Art (ATHICA) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) contemporary art gallery in Athens, Georgia, United States.
Lizzie Zucker Saltz, ATHICA's founder and director, began the institute in 2001 with the help of FiveArt, Inc., a group of local developers and arts boosters. FiveArt, Inc. offered a 2,200-square-foot (200 m$^2$) space in a warehouse jointly owned by the Chase Street Park Condominium Association. This space, which became ATHICA's home, was renovated in winter of 2001, and was leased to ATHICA for $1.00 a year for three years, and for a reduced rent thereafter. The space is located in the Chase Street Park warehouse district, an area just over a mile from Athens' downtown.
ATHICA is run entirely by volunteers, with a board made up of local artists, arts professionals, graduate art history students and arts supporters, including students and faculty from the University of Georgia.
Each year, ATHICA hosts three exhibitions of contemporary art, centering on politically and socially engaged themes. Exhibitions have covered a wide variety of issues, have included national and international artists, and are regularly reviewed by local publications. The organization also hosts affiliated events like music and dramatic performances, panel discussions, and film screenings, and offers gallery space for local and regional artists between curated shows.

## Selected reviews

* la Mala, Megan. "Missing Stereotypes Doesn't Miss the Point." VivirLatino November 28, 2005.
* Link, Melissa. "Bodies in Crisis." Art Papers July/August 2005: 39.
* Mahoney, James W. "Athens, GA. Embedded: Living with Technology." Art Papers September/October 2005.
* Oppenheim. "ATHICA on the Brink: A Political Exegesis under the Aegis of the US Department of Art & Technology." Art Papers March/April 2007: 52-54.
* Phillips, Julie. "ATHICA enters the 'Race.'" Athens Banner Herald, Marquee Sept. 8-14, 2005.
# Baschi

Baschi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Terni in the Italian region Umbria, located about 50 km southwest of Perugia and about 35 km northwest of Terni.
The town retains many of its medieval elements. The present palazzo municipale was built at the site of a civic building from the 13th-century, refurbished in 1500 during the rule of Ranuccio dei Baschi. The basement now houses the town Antiquarium, which displays some of the ceramic finds from the excavation at Scoppieto.
The church of San Niccolò, with a single nave and two chapels, originally dates to the 12th-century, but was refurbished beginning in 1576 under the designs of Ippolito Scalza, and a decade later by Antonio Carrarino, who completed the bell-tower. In the chapel of the Holiest Sacrament (right of church) is a tryptich (1440) by Giovanni di Paolo, depicting the Madonna, St Nicola and another saint. Above the portal is an 18th-century organ.
A few kilometers outside the town is the former Franciscan monastery of Sant'Angelo di Pantanelli. Putatively St Francis stayed here and spoke to the fishes in the nearby river.
# BZIP intron ascomycota

The bZIP intron ascomycota is an unconventional bZIP intron found in some of the Ascomycota fungi, mainly in filamentous fungi from Pezizomycotina subphylum. The structure consists of two hairpins: a longer on at the 5′ and a shorter one at the 3’. Loop regions of the hairpins define the position of splice sites recognised by endoribonuclease Ire1 in response to ER stress. The unconventional splicing in this group results in excising introns of typical length 20 or 23 nt and it was first described in Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus nidulans hacA mRNAs.
# 7α-Thiomethylspironolactone sulfoxide

7α-Thiomethylspironolactone sulfoxide (also known as 7α-TMS sulfoxide, 7α-thiomethylspironolactone S-oxide, or 7α-methylsulfinylspironolactone) is a metabolite of spironolactone (brand name Aldactone), an antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogen medication. 7α-TMS sulfoxide is specifically formed from 7α-thiomethylspironolactone (7α-TMS).
# Bernard Altum

Johann Bernard Theodor Altum (31 January 1824 – 1 February 1900) was a German Catholic priest, zoologist, and forest scientist who also engaged in popularizing his religiously grounded understanding of science.

## Background

Altum was born to shoemaker Bernard Theodor Altum and Anna Gertrude Antonette Huder of Münster, Province of Westphalia. After going to local elementary schools, he entered Paulinum Gymnasium (Münster) and graduated in 1845. Altum studied philosophy and theology in Münster, and was ordained as a priest in 1849. Later, his interests turned to zoology, a discipline that he studied under Johannes Peter Müller and Martin Lichtenstein in Berlin, obtaining a doctorate in 1855 with a thesis comparing Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. From 1859 he was a lecturer at the University of Münster, then relocated in 1869 to the Academy of Forestry in Eberswalde as a successor to Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg.
In his earlier work, his research primarily dealt with mammals and birds; after moving to Eberswalde, his studies were largely in the field of forest entomology.
From 1893 to 1900 he was president of the German Ornithologists' Society.
Ernst Mayr wrote about Altum's 1868 book Der Vogel und sein Leben which included notes on territoriality in birds in 1935. Mayr noted that many English ornithologists believed that concepts of territory had been established by Eliot Howard only in 1920. Altum noted defence of territory using song, the relationship of territory size to food availability and examined how competition or the lack of it between species decided territorial conflict or overlap between two species. Altum was a creationist, and when the book was printed, it was criticized by many including Alfred Brehm, with whom he particularly clashed. At a meeting of Berlin ornithologists on 6 April 1868, Brehm had commented that Altum's work was theological and teleological and was opposed to a modern understanding of zoology and that he was making birds and animals into (instinct-driven) machines by not crediting them with intelligence, thereby debasing the study of birds.
As an editor of the magazine Natur und Offenbarung ("Nature and Revelation"), Altum belonged to an initially small but growing group of Catholic popularizers of zoology in Germany.

## Works

* Homeri cum Aeschyli, Sophoclis, Euripidis comparantur, (dissertation), Berlin 1855.
* Winke zur Hebung des zoologischen Unterrichts (a zoology instruction manual), Münster 1863.
* Die Säugetiere des Münsterlands, Münster (Mammals of "Münster country"), 1867.
* Der Vogel und sein Leben, Münster 1868 (Birds and their lives); published in several editions, 7th edition 1903.
* Forstzoologie (Forest zoology; volume 1: mammals, volume 2: birds, volume 3: insects; general insects and beetles).
** I. Säugethiere. Second improved and enlarged edition, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1876.
** II. Vögel. published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1873.
** III. Insecten. 1. Abth. Allgemeines und Käfer. Second improved and enlarged edition, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1881.
# Baram–Thangmi languages

The Baram–Thangmi languages, Baram and Thangmi are Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in Nepal. They are classified as part of the Newaric branch by van Driem (2003) and Turin (2004), who view Newar as being most closely related to Baram–Thangmi.
They were formerly classified as part of Mahakiranti by George van Driem (2001), who later retracted the hypothesis in van Driem (2003).
# Alojz

Alojz is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Alojz Ajdič (born 1939), Slovenian composer, author of many orchestral works
* Alojz Fandel, former Slovak football player and coach
* Alojz Geržinič (1915–2008), Slovenian composer
* Alojz Gradnik (1882–1967), Slovene poet and translator
* Alojz Ipavec, also written as Lojze Ipavic (1815–1849), Slovenian composer
* Alojz Knafelc, Slovenian mountaineer and the inventor of the Slovenian trail blaze
* Alojz Rebula (born 1924), Slovene writer, playwright, essayist and translator
* Alojz Rigele (1879–1940), sculptor from Bratislava
* Alojz Tkáč (1934–2023), the first archbishop of the Košice Episcopal see (1995–2010)
* Alojz Rakús (1947–2023), Slovak politician, Minister of Health (1990–1992), MP (1990–1992, 1998–2002)
* Alojz Uran or Alojzij Uran (born 1945), Slovenian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
# Altica aenescens

Altica aenescens is a species of leaf beetle from the subfamily Galerucinae. It is distributed in Northern and Central Europe, as far south as northern Italy. Parts of Northern Europe include Belarus, Belgium, Finland, and Sweden.
# Ahi, Kahramankazan

Ahi is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kahramankazan, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 152 (2022).
# Atal Setu, Jammu and Kashmir

Atal Setu is a 592-metre (1,942 ft) cable-stayed bridge on the Ravi River near Basholi Town, District Kathua, commissioned on 24 December 2015 by former Defence Minister Manohar Parrikkar. The bridge spans between Basholi and Dunera and aims to improve road connections between Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. This bridge is first of its kind in North India and fourth of its kind in nation. The other such three bridges are in Mumbai (Bandra-Worli sealink), Allahabad (Naini) and Kolkata (Hooghly).
IIT New Delhi approved the design of this bridge and the foundation stone was laid in May 2011 by UPA Chairperson Sonia Gandhi. The bridge was designed by a Canadian consultant, McElhanney Consulting Services Ltd. (formerly Infinity Engineering Ltd.). The Border Roads Organization, IRCON, Infinity and SP Singla Constructions Pvt Limited undertook its construction. The bridge is named after former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and was opened one day before his birthday.
# Bascharage (commune)

Commune of Bascharage was a former commune in Luxembourg. Its main city was Bascharage with a population of 5387.
On 1 January 2012 the existing communes of Bascharage and Clemency with its main city Clemency with a population of 1832 were merged into one commune named Käerjeng. Clemency was assigned as the capital of the merged commune. The law creating the commune of Käerjeng was passed on 24 May 2011.

## Former commune

The former commune consisted of the villages:
* Bascharage
* Hautcharage
* Linger
# Benjamin Zhang Bin

Zhang Bin (Chinese: 张彬; born May 16, 1974) is a mainland Chinese manhua artist and illustrator, who works under the pen name "Benjamin" (本杰明).
Zhang has done variant covers for Marvel Comics and illustrations for the music video to "J'aimerais tellement" with French popstar Jena Lee and the cover for that song's parent album Vous Remercier.
Zhang generally works in digital painting using a pen with a graphics tablet and image editing software (e.g. Corel Painter).

## Selected works
### Comics

* One Day (2002)
* Remember (2004)
* Orange (2006)
* Savior (2010)

#### One-shots and additional works

* Seven Swords (2007)
* Sky Doll Lacrima Christi #1 (Marvel, 2010)

### Covers
#### Comics covers

* X-Men Origins: Emma Frost (Marvel, 2009)
* New Mutants #1-2, #4 (Marvel, 2009)

#### Album covers

* Vous Remercier (2009), by Jena Lee

### Art Books

* Io: Art of the Wired (2004)
* Flash (2008)

### Music Videos

* J'aimerais tellement by Jena Lee (2009)
* Je me perds by Jena Lee (2009)
# BZIP intron basidiomycota

The bZIP intron basidiomycota is an unconventional bZIP intron found mainly in the Basidiomycota and some Mucoromycotina fungi. The consensus RNA structure is formed by three hairpins - two well conserved at the 5’ and 3’ ends and a variable one in between them. The loop regions of 5’ and 3’ hairpins define the splice sites recognised by Ire1, which performs the unconventional splicing in response to ER stress. In Basidiomycota, splicing results in excised introns from 20 to 101 nt in length and it was first described in Cryptococcus neoformans.
# 7α-Hydroxyepiandrosterone

7α-Hydroxyepiandrosterone (7α-OH-EPIA), also known as 3β,7α-dihydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one, is an endogenous, naturally occurring metabolite of epiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) that is formed by the enzyme CYP7B1 in tissues such as the liver and brain.