OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1619 Jamestown craftsmen strike

The Jamestown Polish craftsmen's strike of 1619 took place in the settlement of Jamestown in the Virginia colony. It was the first documented strike in North America. Skilled craftsmen were sent by the Virginia Company to Jamestown to produce pitch, tar, and turpentine used for shipbuilding. When the colony held its first election in 1619, many settlers were not allowed to vote on the grounds that they were not of English descent, and they went on strike. Due to the importance of the skilled workers in producing valuable naval stores for the colony, company leaders bowed to labor pressure and gave full voting rights to continental workers.

## History

John Smith first encountered and was impressed with the talents of Polish craftsmen when he traveled through Poland in 1602, fleeing the Turks who had enslaved him. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was then the largest kingdom of Europe, covering the present territory of Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Russia.
Early in Jamestown's history, Smith and the Virginia Company began recruiting workers from mainland Europe to come to their new colony. The first of these foreign workers came with the second group of settlers who arrived in the colony in 1608; two of these workers would later save Smith's life in an attack by Native Americans as noted in Smith's writings. Contemporary historical accounts refer to this first group of foreign craftsmen as Dutchmen and Poles.
The foreign craftsmen began producing glassware, pitch, and potash soon after their arrival in 1608. These goods were used in the colony, but were also important as they were the first goods exported from the colony to Europe. Later more skilled workers arrived and continued to produce tar, resin, and turpentine, and clapboard and frankincense as well.
When the first elections in the colony were held in 1619, the colony did not allow any continental settlers to vote, including approximately 50 Polish craftsmen and their families. They were denied the right to vote on the grounds that they were not of English descent. The craftsmen in response, refused to work unless they were given the right to vote. On July 21, 1619, the Virginia Company met to discuss a negotiated settlement to the strike. Under labor pressure, the Virginia Company's Council reversed the decision to disenfranchise the craftsmen, and simultaneously struck an agreement with the craftsmen to apprentice young men from the colony. The company leaders feared not only the loss of income and labor, but that the colony might gain a reputation for not being welcoming to further settlers not of English descent, especially skilled craftsmen.
# Alison Crum

Alison Crum (born 23 November 1949, in the United Kingdom), is an English viol player.

## Biography

She got her first viol while studying music at Reading University, and went on to study at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels with Wieland Kuijken and, later, with Jordi Savall at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis. She has made around ninety recordings - mostly with the Consort of Musicke, the Dowland Consort, Musica Antiqua of London, and the Rose Consort of Viols - but also featuring as a soloist on two discs of Marais, and more recently with Laurence Cummings, on a recording of the three Bach gamba sonatas, and playing Italian virtuoso divisions on renaissance viols with Musica Antiqua on their 'Word Play' CD.
She is President of the Viola da Gamba Society of Great Britain, and is Professor of Viola da gamba at Trinity College of Music in London. She directs many courses for viol players, including the International Viol Summer School, attracting players from all over the world, and has had published a series of graded music books centred on her highly acclaimed textbook 'Play the Viol' - now in its fifth reprint. Her second book, 'The Viol Rules' was published in November 2009.

## Discography

* Bach; Viola da gamba sonatas (Signum SIGCD 024)
* Marais; Greatest Masterworks (Naxos 8.550750 and 8.553081)
* Buxtehude; Jubilate Domino (Meridian CDE 84332)
* Elizabethon Christmas Anthems (Amon Ra CD-SAR-46)
* Lawes: Consort music for Viols, Lutes and Theorbos (Naxos 8.550601)
* Tomkins: Consort Music for Viols and Voices (Naxos 8.550602)
* Gibbons: Consort and Keyboard Music (Naxos 8.550603)
* Byrd: Consort and Keyboard Music (Naxos 8.550604)
* Jenkins: All in a Garden Green (Naxos 8.550687)
* Dowland: Consort Music and Songs (Naxos 8.553326)
* Purcell: Fantazias (Naxos 8.553957)
* Elizabethan Songs and Consort Music (Nazos 8.554284)
* Four Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal (DXL 1129)
* John Ward Consort Music: Upon a bank with roses (CPO 999 928)
* Alfonso Ferrabosco: Consort Music (CPO 999 859)
* Ah, Dear Heart (Woodmansterne 002-2)
* Lachrymae (Amon Ra CD-SAR-55)
* Born is the Babe (Woodmansterne 001-2)
# 2012 FC Gifu season

The 2012 FC Gifu season sees FC Gifu compete in J.League Division 2 for the fifth consecutive season. FC Gifu are also competing in the 2012 Emperor's Cup.

## Competitions
### J. League
#### League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 18 | Avispa Fukuoka | 42 | 9 | 14 | 19 | 53 | 68 | −15 | 41 | |
| 19 | Kataller Toyama | 42 | 9 | 11 | 22 | 38 | 59 | −21 | 38 | |
| 20 | Gainare Tottori | 42 | 11 | 5 | 26 | 33 | 78 | −45 | 38 | |
| 21 | FC Gifu | 42 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 27 | 55 | −28 | 35 | |
| 22 | Machida Zelvia (R) | 42 | 7 | 11 | 24 | 34 | 67 | −33 | 32 | Relegation to 2013 Japan Football League |
* ↑ The promotion and relegation between J2 and JFL will take place only if more than one promotion-eligible (i.e. having a J.League Associate Membership) JFL team finished above second place and playoff will be played only if a eligible JFL team finished in second place(See the corresponding section for further details). As only 2012 Japan Football League Champion V-Varen Nagasaki has the Associate Membership among the top 2 teams. Machida Zelvia was relegated immediately but no relegation/playoff was taken place for FC Gifu which finished 21st.
# 1968 European Indoor Games – Men's 3000 metres

The men's 3000 metres event at the 1968 European Indoor Games was held on 10 March in Madrid.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Viktor Kudinskiy | Soviet Union | 8:10.27 |
| | Bernd Dießner | East Germany | 8:11.0 |
| | Wolfgang Zur | West Germany | 8:11.8 |
| 4 | Werner Schneiter | Switzerland | 8:12.8 |
| 5 | Danijel Korica | Yugoslavia | 8:15.4 |
| 6 | Miroslav Jůza | Czechoslovakia | 8:18.4 |
| 7 | Arne Risa | Norway | 8:25.0 |
# 2012–13 Ethiopian Premier League

The 2012–13 Ethiopian Premier League is the 66th season of the Ethiopian Premier League since its establishment in 1944. A total of 14 teams are contesting the league.

## Clubs

* Adama City FC (a.k.a. Adama Kenema)
* Arba Minch City FC (a.k.a. Arba Minch Kenema)
* Awassa City FC (a.k.a. Awassa Kenema)
* Banks SC (a.k.a. Ethiopia Nigd Bank) (Addis Abeba)
* Dedebit (Addis Abeba)
* Defence (a.k.a. Mekelakeya) (Addis Abeba)
* EEPCO (a.k.a. Mebrat Hayl) (Addis Abeba)
* Ethiopian Coffee (a.k.a. Ethiopian Bunna) (Addis Abeba)
* Ethiopian Insurance (Addis Abeba)
* Harrar Beer Botling FC (a.k.a. Harar Bira)
* Muger Cement (a.k.a. Muger Cemento) (Oromiya)
* Saint-George SA (a.k.a. Kedus Giorgis) (Addis Abeba)
* Sidama Coffee (a.k.a. Sidama Bunna) (Awassa)
* Water Works (a.k.a. Weha Serawoch)

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Dedebit | 26 | 19 | 4 | 3 | 63 | 26 | +37 | 61 | 2014 CAF Champions League |
| 2 | Kedus Giorgis | 26 | 14 | 9 | 3 | 36 | 17 | +19 | 51 | 2014 CAF Confederation Cup |
| 3 | Ethiopia Bunna | 26 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 41 | 23 | +18 | 50 | |
| 4 | Mekelakeya | 26 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 31 | 23 | +8 | 42 | |
| 5 | Awassa Kenema | 26 | 12 | 5 | 9 | 39 | 33 | +6 | 41 | |
| 6 | Mebrat Hayl (EEPCO) | 26 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 35 | 27 | +8 | 39 | |
| 7 | Arba Minch Ketema | 26 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 29 | 25 | +4 | 34 | |
| 8 | Ethiopian Insurance | 27 | 5 | 16 | 6 | 23 | 25 | −2 | 31 | |
| 9 | Sidama Bunna | 26 | 5 | 13 | 8 | 24 | 29 | −5 | 28 | |
| 10 | Ethiopia Nigd Bank (CBA SA) | 26 | 5 | 11 | 10 | 22 | 29 | −7 | 26 | |
| 11 | Harar Bira | 26 | 5 | 11 | 10 | 23 | 36 | −13 | 26 | |
| 12 | Muger Cement | 26 | 5 | 10 | 11 | 15 | 30 | −15 | 25 | |
| 13 | Weha Serawoch | 26 | 3 | 6 | 17 | 22 | 55 | −33 | 15 | Relegation to Ethiopian Second Division |
| 14 | Adama Ketema | 26 | 2 | 7 | 17 | 15 | 41 | −26 | 13 | Relegation to Ethiopian Second Division |
# 2011 Vattenfall Cyclassics

The 2011 Vattenfall Cyclassics was the 16th edition of the Vattenfall Cyclassics, a single-day cycling race. It was held on 21 August 2011, over a distance of 215 km (133.6 mi), starting and finishing in Hamburg, Germany. It was the 22nd event of the 2011 UCI World Tour season.
Fresh from his victory in the Eneco Tour a week before the Cyclassics, Team Sky's Edvald Boasson Hagen – who, in 2010, was second to Tyler Farrar, who elected to compete in the concurrent Vuelta a España in 2011 – took the victory in a sprint finish out of a large group of riders, who had broken away after a split in the field. Boasson Hagen had attacked from 250 metres out, and held off Gerald Ciolek, who took second place for Quick-Step, while Borut Božič completed the podium for Vacansoleil–DCM.

## Results

| Rank | Cyclist | Team | Time | UCI World Tour Points |
| 1 | Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR) | Team Sky | 4h 49' 40" | 80 |
| 2 | Gerald Ciolek (GER) | Quick-Step | s.t. | 60 |
| 3 | Borut Božič (SLO) | Vacansoleil–DCM | s.t. | 50 |
| 4 | Simone Ponzi (ITA) | Liquigas–Cannondale | s.t. | 40 |
| 5 | José Joaquín Rojas (ESP) | Movistar Team | s.t. | 30 |
| 6 | Jürgen Roelandts (BEL) | Omega Pharma–Lotto | s.t. | 22 |
| 7 | Simon Clarke (AUS) | Astana | s.t. | 14 |
| 8 | Manuel Antonio Cardoso (POR) | Team RadioShack | s.t. | 10 |
| 9 | Grega Bole (SLO) | Lampre–ISD | s.t. | 6 |
| 10 | Michel Kreder (NED) | Garmin–Cervélo | s.t. | 2 |
# Alain Houpert

Alain Houpert (born 13 August 1957) is a French radiologist and politician and a member of the Senate of France. He represents the Côte-d'Or department and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement Party.
# 1519 in art

Events from the year 1519 in art.

## Paintings

* Girolamo Alibrandi paints the Presentation at the Temple.
* Hans Burckmair paints a panel picture of the Crucifixion, with St. George and the Emperor Heinrich on the wings.
* Albrecht Dürer paints St Anne with the Virgin and Child.
* Sebastiano del Piombo paints The Raising of Lazarus and Portrait of a Man, said to be Christopher Columbus.
* Raffaello Sanzio paints Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de'Medici and Luigi de'Rossi.
* Titian finishes painting The Worship of Venus (Madrid, Museo del Prado).
* Bernard van Orley paints Joris van Zelle.
* Wen Cheng-ming paints Scholars at Leisure in a Precipitous Ravine.
* The portrait of Emperor Maximilian in Nürnberg is painted.

## Births

* April 17 - Frans Floris, Flemish historical painter (died 1570)
* date unknown - Pedro de Villegas Marmolejo, Spanish sculptor and painter (died 1596)

## Deaths

* May 2 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, geometer, scientist, mathematician, musician and painter (born 1452)
* July 2 - Francesco Bonsignori, Italian painter (born 1455)
* November 30 - Michael Wolgemut, German painter and printmaker (born 1434)
* date unknown
** Alexander Bening, miniature painter of the Ghent-Bruges school and Netherlandish tradition (born unknown)
** Domenico Fancelli, Italian sculptor working in Spain (born 1469)
** Ambrosius Holbein, German and Swiss artist in painting, drawing and printmaking (born 1494)
** Jan Joest, Dutch painter (born 1450/1460)
** Antoine Juste, Italian sculptor (born 1479)
** Juan de Flandes, Early Netherlandish painter who was active in Spain (born 1460)
** Jan Polack, Polish-born German painter (born 1435)
** Bartholomäus Zeitblom, German painter and the chief master of the school of Ulm (born 1450)
# Alison Ramage

Alison Ramage is a British applied mathematician and numerical analyst specialising in preconditioning methods for numerical linear algebra, and their applications to the numerical solution of partial differential equations. She is a reader in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Strathclyde.

## Education and career

Ramage is a graduate of the University of St Andrews. She completed her PhD in 1991 at the University of Bristol. Her dissertation, Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Methods for Galerkin Finite Element Equations, was supervised by Andrew Wathen, and involved preconditioners for the Galerkin method.
She is a member of the board of trustees of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
She currently serves as Chair of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) Board of Trustees.

## Research

Ramage's thesis involved preconditioners for the Galerkin method, and applications to the numerical solution of partial differential equations in computational fluid dynamics, including those for incompressible flow and advection–diffusion equations. Subsequently, she has applied her research to other areas including geotechnical engineering, financial mathematics, modeling liquid crystals, weather forecasting, and sensor networks.
# 1966 Australian Tourist Trophy

The 1966 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race staged at the Longford Circuit in Tasmania, Australia on 7 March 1966. It was the tenth annual Australian Tourist Trophy race. The race was open to sports cars as defined by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) in its Appendix C regulations, and it was recognized by CAMS as the Australian championship for sports cars. It was won by Frank Matich driving an Elfin 400 Traco Oldsmobile.

## Results

| Position | Driver | No. | Car | Entrant | Class pos. | Class | Laps | Time / Remarks |
| 1 | Frank Matich | 2 | Elfin 400 Traco Oldsmobile | Laurie O'Neill Peterbilt | 1 | 3001cc and over | 23 | 60:40.4 |
| 2 | Alan Hamilton | 60 | Porsche 904 Spyder | Porsche Distributors Pty. Ltd. | 1 | 1501 to 2000cc | 23 | 60:53.8 |
| 3 | Spencer Martin | 1 | Ferrari 250LM | Scuderia Veloce | 2 | 3001cc and over | 23 | 61:22.3 |
| 4 | Lionel Ayers | 11 | Lotus 23B | Motor Racing Components | 1 | 1101 to 1500cc | 22 | |
| 5 | Dick Thurston | 66 | Monaco Oldsmobile | Pitstop Car Sales | 3 | 3001cc and over | 22 | |
| 6 | Wally Mitchell | 9 | RM1 | East Burwood Motors Pty. Ltd. | 1 | 2001 to 3000cc | 21 | |
| 7 | Kerry Cox | 28 | Paramount Jaguar | Mowbray Shell Service Station | 4 | 3001cc and over | 20 | |
| 8 | Bruno Carosi | 19 | Carosi B Type | Bruno Carosi | 2 | 2001 to 3000cc | 18 | |
| 9 | Bob Holden | 113 | Lolita | Killara Motor Garage | 1 | Up to 1100cc | 16 | |
| 10 | Alan Ling | 30 | Lotus Super 7 | Alan Ling | 2 | 1101 to 1500cc | 16 | |
| 11 | Greg Ellis | 52 | MGA | Greg Ellis | 2 | 1501 to 2000cc | 14 | |
| 12 | Paul Bolton | 3 | Lotus 23B | Town & Country Garage Pty. Ltd. | - | 1101 to 1500cc | 11 | Gearbox |
| 13 | Frank Demuth | 5 | Lotus 23B | Lane Cove Auto Port | - | 1101 to 1500cc | 7 | Head gasket |
| 14 | Steve Holland | 23 | Lotus 23B Ford | Team Harper | - | | 6 | Brakes |
| 15 | Kevin Bartlett | 47 | Alfa Romeo GTA | Alec Mildren Racing Pty. Ltd. | - | 1501 to 2000cc | 6 | Head gasket |
| 16 | John Stillard | 13 | Elfin | Motor Improvements | - | 1501 to 2000cc | 4 | |
| 17 | Ross Ambrose | 50 | Elfin Ford Cortina | Ross R. Ambrose | - | 1101 to 1500cc | 3 | |
| 18 | Bob Wright | 111 | Tasma 1500 | Burnie Speed Shop | - | 1501 to 2000cc | 2 | |
| 19 | Max Brunninghausen | 32 | Alfa Romeo Giulia TZ | Ralph Sach Motors | - | 1501 to 2000cc | 1 | Head gasket |
| DNS | Les Howard | 16 | Lotus 23B | Howard & Sons Racing Team | - | Up to 1100cc | - | Engine failure |
Race statistics:
* Race distance: 23 laps – 103½ miles
* Pole position: Frank Matich
* Number of starters: 19
* Fastest lap: Frank Matich - 2:28.7
* First Tasmanian: Kerry Cox (Paramount Jaguar)
# Albert Harrison (footballer, born 1904)

Albert Harrison (born 15 February 1904; date of death unknown) was an English footballer who played as a centre half.
Harrison started his career at Wigan Borough, making six Football League appearances for the club. He then spent a few years in non-league football before joining Second Division side Nottingham Forest in 1927. He scored five goals in 77 games for Forest, and was selected in the England XI squad for the FA's tour to South Africa in 1929. His performances attracted the attention of First Division club Leicester City, who signed him later that year. He played for the "Professionals" in the 1929 FA Charity Shield.
# Alison Thorogood

Alison Jane Thorogood (born 30 November 1960) is a British canoe sprinter who competed in the early-to-mid-1990s. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, she was eliminated in the semifinals of both the K-1 500 m and the K-4 500 m event. Four years later in Atlanta, Thorogood was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-2 500 m event.
# 2013 Erste Bank Open – Doubles

Andre Begemann and Martin Emmrich were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski. Florin Mergea and Lukáš Rosol won the title, defeating Julian Knowle and Daniel Nestor in the final, 7–5, 6–4.

## Seeds

* Alexander Peya / Bruno Soares (quarterfinals)
* Mariusz Fyrstenberg / Marcin Matkowski (quarterfinals)
* Julian Knowle / Daniel Nestor (final)
* Jamie Murray / John Peers (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Peya B Soares | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Dlouhý P Hanley | 2 | 3 | | 1 | A Peya B Soares | 5 | 6 | [8] | | | | | | | | |
| | J Erlich A Ram | 4 | 3 | | | F Mergea L Rosol | 7 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | F Mergea L Rosol | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | F Mergea L Rosol | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 4 | J Murray J Peers | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | WC | M Neuchrist D Thiem | 4 | 4 | | | | |
| | D Gimeno-Traver J Hájek | 0 | 6 | [6] | 4 | J Murray J Peers | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | M Neuchrist D Thiem | 6 | 6 | | WC | M Neuchrist D Thiem | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Brands P Kohlschreiber | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | F Mergea L Rosol | 7 | 6 |
| | C Kas O Marach | 7 | 4 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | 3 | J Knowle D Nestor | 5 | 4 |
| | R Haase J Huta Galung | 5 | 6 | [10] | | R Haase J Huta Galung | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | A Haider-Maurer G Melzer | 3 | 2 | | 3 | J Knowle D Nestor | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | J Knowle D Nestor | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | J Knowle D Nestor | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | L Lacko M Russell | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | PR | J Levinský M Pavić | 3 | 2 | | | | |
| PR | J Levinský M Pavić | 6 | 6 | | PR | J Levinský M Pavić | 6 | 6$^2$ | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | A Begemann M Emmrich | 3 | 4 | | 2 | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 4 | 7$^7$ | [6] | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2012 FC71

2012 FC$_{71}$, also written 2012 FC71, is a small asteroid trapped in a Kozai resonance with the Earth.

## Discovery, orbit and physical properties

It was first observed on 31 March 2012 by Andrea Boattini, observing for the Mt. Lemmon Survey. Its orbit is characterized by low eccentricity (0.088), low inclination (4.97º) and a semi-major axis of 0.9895 AU. It is an Aten asteroid but also an Earth crosser. As of 21 April 2012 its orbit is based on 35 observations spanning a data-arc of 21 days. This short observation arc results in an orbit uncertainty of 7. It has not been seen since and is unlikely to be seen again for several decades. It will remain both very dim (around apparent magnitude 27), and close in the sky to the Sun (solar elongation of less than 90 degrees), making it impossible to observe with current ground based telescopes till the 2060s. A number of times during the decade it will again be visible in the night sky and at times be brighter than apparent magnitude 21, as when it was first observed.

## Kozai resonator and future orbital evolution

2012 FC$_{71}$ is locked in a Kozai resonance and as such it has a very slow orbital evolution and it will remain relatively unperturbed for hundreds of thousands of years. It had a close encounter with the Earth on 18 April 2012 at 0.076 AU when it was discovered and another on 17 May 2013 at 0.0581 AU, which was not observed.

## Origin

It may have been originated within the Venus-Earth-Mars region or in the main asteroid belt like other Near-Earth Objects, then transitioned to an Amor-class asteroid before entering Earth's co-orbital region.
# Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand

The Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand ("ALAC") was established in 1976, by the government of New Zealand, under the Alcohol Advisory Council Act of 1976, following a report by the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Sale of Liquor. Its purpose is "the encouragement and promotion of moderation in the use of liquor, the discouragement and reduction of the misuse of liquor, and the minimisation of the personal, social, and economic harm resulting from the misuse of liquor."
ALAC is funded by a levy on alcohol produced and imported for sale in New Zealand. The levy is collected by the Customs Service.

## Current operations

ALAC has a 2008/09 budget of $12.7m and spent $13m in the 2007 year.
Most of its work revolves around providing information (pamphlets, on-line resources), advertising and education programs.