OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1914 Canadian National Challenge Cup

The 1914 Connaught Cup was the second edition of the Canadian National Challenge Cup, one of the oldest soccer tournaments in Canada and one of the first national championships. It was won by Norwood Wanderers of St. Boniface, Manitoba. Current editions of the tournament feature a representative from each provincial association and a final match; in 1914 as well as 1913, the competition was played in a league format (under the old system, a win was worth 2 points with a draw worth 1).
# 1914 California Proposition 20

California Proposition 20 was a 1914 California ballot initiative known as the prize fights initiative. It passed with 56 percent of the popular vote.
The prize fight initiative addressed the question of "irreligious prize fights" (as per proponents) versus "moral boxing" (according to opponents). It prohibited charging an admission fee for any fight lasting more than four rounds, and prohibited awarding any prize worth more than $25. The wording on the ballot was "Initiative act amending penal code. Prohibits the engaging in or furthering in any prize fights or remunerative boxing exhibitions, training therefor, or betting thereon; the conducting, participating in or witnessing any boxing exhibition on Memorial Day or Sunday; authorizes regulated four-round amateur boxing exhibitions unless prohibited by ordinances [etc]."
An Oakland sportswriter named Billy Fitz argued that the limitations imposed by the law, restricting fights (that had once gone on as many as 20 rounds) to four rounds would encourage a rush of poorly trained amateurs who would fight more brutally in order to win a shorter match (rather than previous endurance contests which he felt were conducted by well-prepared professional boxers).
The 1914 law was repealed with the passage of 1924's California Proposition 7.
# 1901 in Brazil

Events in the year 1901 in Brazil.

## Incumbents
### Federal government

* President: Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales
* Vice President: Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva

### Governors

* Alagoas: Euclides Vieira Malta
* Amazonas: Silvério José Néri
* Bahia: Severino Vieira
* Ceará: Pedro Augusto Borges
* Goiás:
** until June 10: Urbano Coelho de Gouveia
** June 10 - August 12: Bernardo Albernaz
** from August 12: José Xavier de Almeida
* Maranhão: João Gualberto Torreão da Costa
* Mato Grosso: Antônio Pedro Alves de Barros
* Minas Gerais: Silviano Brandão
* Pará:
** until February 1: Pais de Carvalho
** from February 1: Augusto Montenegro
* Paraíba: José Peregrino de Araújo
* Paraná: Francisco Xavier da Silva
* Pernambuco: Antônio Gonçalves Ferreira
* Piauí: Arlindo Francisco Nogueira
* Rio Grande do Norte: Alberto Maranhão
* Rio Grande do Sul: Antônio Augusto Borges de Medeiros
* Santa Catarina:
* São Paulo:
* Sergipe:

### Vice governors

* Rio Grande do Norte:
* São Paulo:

## Events

* 23 February - The Instituto Butantan is launched by biomedical scientist Vital Brazil.
* 24 February - The Expointer agricultural show is launched in Porto Alegre.
* 5 June - The Correio da Manhã newspaper is published for the first time.
* 19 October - Aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont wins the Deutsch de la Meurthe prize with a flight that rounds the Eiffel Tower,

## Births

* 22 April - Adhemar de Barros, politician (died 1969)
* 25 May - Antônio Castilho de Alcântara Machado, journalist, politician and writer (died 1935)
* 11 June - José Maria Alkmin, politician (died 1974)
* August 1 - Pedro Aleixo, Vice President 1967-1969, de jure President Aug-Oct 1969 (died 1975)
* 9 September - Agostinho Fortes Filho, footballer (died 1966)

## Deaths

* 13 March - Princess Januária of Brazil (born 1822)
* 15 December - Elias Álvares Lobo, composer (born 1834)
# Amity High School

Amity High School may refer to:
* Amity Regional High School, Woodbridge, Connecticut
* Amity High School (Oregon), Amity, Oregon
# 1908 Ohio Northern football team

The 1908 Ohio Northern football team represented Ohio Northern University during the 1908 college football season. Ohio Northern set a school record in wins with their 9–1 record, which would not be broken until the 1999 team's 11–2 record. They also outscored their opponents by a total of 211 to 83, the majority of those 83 points coming in Ohio Northern's only loss, a 4–58 thumping by Notre Dame.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 26 | Lima College Alumni | Ada, OH | W 39–0 |
| | Ohio | Ada, OH | W 10–0 |
| | Findlay | Ada, OH | W 12–6 |
| | Antioch | Ada, OH | W 32–8 |
| October 17 | Wittenberg | Ada, OH | W 19–0 |
| | Massillon High School | Ada, OH | W 16–5 |
| October 29 | Notre Dame | Cartier FieldNotre Dame, IN | L 4–58 |
| | Otterbein | Ada, OH | W 15–0 |
| October 31 | Heidelberg | Ada, OH | W 41–0 |
| November 26 | Mount Union | Alliance, OH | W 23–6 |
# Amraut

Amraut is a village development committee in Parasi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4710 people living in 738 individual households.
# Amrasca

Amrasca is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Cicadellidae.
The species of this genus are Southeastern Asia.
Selected species:
* Amrasca apicoserrata Sohi, 1977
* Amrasca bella Dworakowska, 1977
* Amrasca biguttula (Ishida, 1913)
# Amrasca biguttula

Amrasca biguttula, commonly known as the cotton jassid, is a subspecies of leafhopper belonging to the subfamily Typhlocybinae of family Cicadellidae. It is a pest of cotton, okra, and other crops in southern Asia and West Africa.

## Description

The adult cotton jassid is a long and slender insect about 2.6 mm (0.1 in) in length. It is yellowish-green, with a conspicuous black spot on either side of the head and another near the tip of the fore wing. The head is pale green and the membranous wings transparent and iridescent. On leaf surfaces, the insect tends to move about diagonally, and when disturbed it immediately jumps and flies away.

## Life cycle

Leafhoppers undergo direct development from nymph to adult without undergoing metamorphosis. On okra, eggs are mainly oviposited inside the tissue of leaf blades, but may also be laid in leaf stalks or in soft twigs. The eggs hatch in six or seven days. There are five nymphal instars, developing over a period of about seven days. Nymphs are wingless. Total lifespan is about one month, with females living a little longer than males. The fecundity of females is about fifteen eggs. Adults are attracted to light, females more than males.

## Ecology

Leafhoppers have mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking, enabling them to feed on plant sap. In India, this jassid feeds on sap from a wide range of plants including cotton, okra, eggplant, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and sunflower throughout the year, and on pigeon pea and cowpea during the monsoon season. In Burkina Faso, this jassid attacks cotton, okra, eggplant and hibiscus during the rainy season. It also occurs on various grasses, including lawns of Bermuda grass.

## Damage

Heavy infestations on cotton, okra, and sunflower make the leaves turn yellow, curl up and fall off. The insects also secrete honeydew, and sooty mould often grows on this, restricting the amount of light reaching the plant's photosynthetic surfaces and reducing the yield. In many areas, this pest regularly occurs on cotton in epidemic numbers. A number of natural enemies help to control populations including ladybirds, predatory lygaeid bugs, and several species of mantis. Neem oil can be used as a biopesticide.

## Control

On cotton, it has been found that growing a cultivar with hairs on the undersides of the leaves reduces infestation, and that long hairs are better at deterring the insect from laying than are short hairs; this seems to be due to the hairs preventing the insect from getting close enough to the leaf surface to deposit its eggs.
The Entomophthoraceae fungus Batkoa amrascae is known to infect (and also kill) the cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula in the Philippines.
# America, Here's My Boy

"America, Here's My Boy" was one of the most popular songs in the United States in 1917. The lyrics were by Andrew B. Sterling and the music by Arthur Lange; the publisher was the Joe Morris Music Co. of New York City. Written at the peak of the preparedness movement and copyrighted on February 16, 1917, it was widely regarded as a reply to "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier," the pro-neutrality hit published two years before. After the country entered the war it became a pervasive expression of commitment, with many performances by amateurs in venues from minstrel shows to benefit concerts. It was a favorite of the troops at training camps, and in October it was sung to Josephus Daniels, the Secretary of the Navy, by 12,000 sailors at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station.
Morris issued the first printing in February, with a cover designed by André De Takacs that billed the song as "The sentiment of every American mother." Over the next nine months eight more printings were issued; arrangements for band, orchestra, and even concertina appeared; and a version in translation was issued in Denmark. Aggressive advertising followed the song's introduction in vaudeville by Conroy and O'Donnell at the Prospect Theatre, Brooklyn, on March 5, 1917. It was quickly taken up by other entertainers, including headliners like Elsie Janis; in an arrangement for band it was widely played by John Philip Sousa. It appeared on at least nine piano rolls and over ten records, the first and most successful of which was by the Peerless Quartet, made on February 21, 1917, and released on Victor 18256. In the summer of 1917, records released by Victor, Edison, Pathé, and Emerson all appeared on the Chicago Tribune's lists of "Three Best Sellers".
Lange's music is a brisk march song, but with a verse in the parallel minor key that opens with a quotation of "Yankee Doodle." Sterling's lyrics adopt the structure of "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier," with a descriptive verse followed by a refrain in which the mother speaks with her own voice:
   America, I raised a boy for you. America, you'll find him staunch and true, Place a gun up on his shoulder, He is ready to die or do. America, he is my only one; My hope, my pride and joy, But if I had another, He would march beside his brother; America, here's my boy.
Even though the song's popularity had diminished by the summer of 1918, the title, the music, and the lyrics were remembered in wartime plays like For Freedom and Mrs. Tubbs Does Her Bit and in postwar stories like Mary Raymond Shipman Andrews' Yellow Butterflies. More recently it has been performed by barbershop quartets and by singers like Tiny Tim. In 2012 American songwriter Beck used the song's title for a lament that is almost the opposite of the World War I title and is included in his Song Reader project.
# America, Netherlands

America (Limburgish: Amerika, Dutch pronunciation:) is a parish village in the Dutch province of Limburg, known historically for its peat extraction.

## Geography

America is part of the municipality of Horst aan de Maas in Limburg, and lies approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Venlo, 23 km (14 mi) east of Helmond, and 16 km (9.9 mi) west of the German border. The town is located within the agricultural Peel region of the Netherlands where peat extraction has been practiced since the Middle Ages. The town is situated approximately 30 m (98 ft) above sea level on the Kabroeksebeek, a stream that flows northeasterly to the Groote Molenbeek stream and eventually to the Meuse.
The area of the town is 24.87 km$^2$ (9.60 sq mi) and the population as of 2019 is 2,030.

## History

America was founded in the late 19th century on the Venlo–Eindhoven railway to serve peat extraction in the area by providing transportation for workers and resources. The town's etymology is uncertain, but it is likely the town was named after the Americas. Other villages with similar foreign names in the Peel region, including California and Siberia, were founded in the same era.
The town's railway station, America Station, opened in 1866 and was rebuilt in 1894. The parish church for America, Saint Joseph's Church, was completed in 1892. The railway station closed in 1938 and the town was captured by the Germans during World War II before being liberated by the British on 22 November 1944. America Station was eventually demolished in 1970, although it has been immortalized by the 1993 album Station America by the local band Rowwen Hèze.
In recent years, as peat extraction has declined surrounding America, reclaimed peatlands have been converted as holiday villages and bungalow resorts including Limburgse Peel and Het Meerdal, both operated by Center Parcs Europe.

## Notable people

* Hub van Doorne, founder of manufacturing firm DAF
* Jack Poels, lead singer of Rowwen Hèze
* Joey Litjens, motorcyclist

## Gallery

* Saint Joseph's Church
* Station America in 1945
# Amnirana galamensis

Amnirana galamensis is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is found in western, central, and eastern Africa. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, rivers, shrub-dominated wetlands, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, rural gardens, urban areas, water storage areas, ponds, canals and ditches.
# Amnirana amnicola

Amnirana amnicola is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and possibly Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# 1911 Tie Cup final

The 1911 Tie Cup Final was the final match to decide the winner of the Tie Cup, the 12th. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Argentine San Isidro and Uruguayan Wanderers,
In the match, played at Estadio GEBA in Palermo, Buenos Aires, Wanderers won its first Tie Cup after beating San Isidro (which played its first final) 2–0.

## Qualified teams

| Team | Qualification | Previous final app. |
| San Isidro | 1911 Copa de Competencia Jockey Club champion | (none) |
| Wanderers | 1911 Copa de Competencia (Uruguay) champion | 1908 |
* Bold indicates winning years

## Overview

San Isidro earned its place in the final after having won the 1911 Copa de Competencia Jockey Club, where the squad beat San Isidro (3–0), Quilmes (4–0), and Estudiantes de Buenos Aires in the final (4–2 at Racing Club Stadium). The match was held in Gimnasia y Esgrima Stadium in Palermo on October 1, 1911.
In a game fiercely disputed, Wanderers opened the score on 38 minutes when goalkeeper Carlos Tomás Wilson intercepted the ball before winger C. Riss advanced to the goal, throwing it away. Nevertheless, Rébori caught the ball and shot to the goal before Wilson could go back.
In the second half, Wanderers scored again on 34 minutes when Bastos made a long pass after dribbling Malbrán and Olivari. The ball came to Costa who shot for the second goal to secure the result. Thus, Wanderers won its first Tie Cup, which was also the first time an Uruguayan side won the final.

## Match details

| San Isidro | Wanderers |
| GK | Carlos Wilson |
| DF | J. Bello |
| DF | A. Olivari |
| MF | J. Sitdson |
| MF | J. Goodfellow |
| MF | M. Malbrán |
| FW | E. Fernández |
| FW | R. Malbrán |
| FW | J. Rossi |
| FW | R. Hulme |
| FW | A. R. Meira |
| GK | C. Saporiti |
| DF | Martín Apesteguy |
| DF | Miguel Apesteguy |
| MF | L. Altamirano |
| MF | A. Rébori |
| MF | A. López |
| FW | R. Bastos |
| FW | C. Bastos |
| FW | A. Zumarán |
| FW | A. Costa |
| FW | C. Riss |
# American Myth

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
American Myth is a 2006 album released by Jackie Greene.

## Track listing

* "Intro" – 0:50
* "Hollywood" – 4:59
* "So Hard to Find My Way" – 4:10
* "Just as Well" – 4:57
* "I'm So Gone" – 4:13
* "Never Satisfied (Revisited)" – 3:58
* "Love Song; 2:00 AM" – 5:05
* "When You're Walking Away" – 4:46
* "Cold Black Devil/14 Miles" – 4:53
* "Closer to You" – 3:57
* "I'll Let You In" – 5:19
* "Farewell, So Long, Goodbye" – 3:30
* "Supersede" – 9:57
* "Marigold" – 5:34
# 1909–10 Bradford City A.F.C. season

The 1909–10 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the seventh in the club's history.
The club finished 7th in Division One, and reached the 2nd round of the FA Cup.

## Sources

* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City A Complete Record 1903-1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.
# Anatolius (consul)

Anatolius (Greek: Ανατόλιος, fl. 421 – 451) was a diplomat and general of the Eastern Roman Empire and Consul in 440. He was very influential during the reign of Theodosius II, and held command of the Empire's eastern armies for 13 years. He led negotiations with Attila the Hun on several occasions.

## Biography

In 421, Anatolius led one Roman army in Persian Armenia during the war against the Sassanids.
Anatolius was magister militum per Orientem from 433 to 446, reaching the consulate in 440, which he held with the Western Emperor Valentinian III as a colleague.

## Accomplishments

In his capacity as magister militum, he built the fortress of Theodosiopolis along the border with Persarmenia in the mid-430s. In 440, he directed some works at Heliopolis of Phoenicia and rebuilt the walls of Gerasa in Arabia. In 440, the Sassanid king Yazdegerd II attacked the Romans. Theodosius II sent Anatolius to parley with the Great King. Anatolius reached the Sassanid army, dismounted and advanced on foot. Yazdegerd, informed that he was the Roman general, was baffled by such a demonstration of respect and retired to his camp with the whole army. He received the envoy of Theodosius, treating him with honor and accepted peace.
In 442 Anatolius had donated a silver reliquary for the bones of Thomas the Apostle to the church of Edessa. He built a church at Antioch which took the name of the "Basilica of Anatolius". He received several letters from Theodoret, with requests for help.
In 443, Anatolius managed to conclude a truce for one year with Attila the Hun. In 446, he ended his service as magister militum per Orientem; the following year, he is already attested as patricius. In 448 Anatolius concluded a peace agreement with Attila, agreeing to pay an annual tribute of 2,100 pounds of gold. In 450, however, Attila was again at war against the Roman Empire, on the pretext that the Emperor was harbouring fugitives from the Hunnic realm. To an offer of parley, Attila replied that he would deal only with ambassadors of consular rank, and mentioned the names of Nomus, Senator and Anatolius. Anatolius, who by then had become magister militum praesentalis (a position he held until at least the next year), and his friend went to meet Attila, who treated them badly at the beginning, but later succumbed to their oratorical arts and the gifts they had brought: Attila would accept the terms of the peace of 448, he would stop attacking the Emperor Theodosius II and give up the strip of land south of the Danube obtained with the peace of 448; it seems that the granting of the release of many prisoners to the Romans was a concession made personally to the two prestigious guests.
In 451 Anatolius participated in various sessions of the Council of Chalcedon as dean of the imperial representatives.
At the beginning of the reign of Marcian, Florentius and Anatolius dissuaded the Emperor from supporting the uprising of the Armenians against the Sassanid Empire.
# American Society for Apheresis

The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) is an organization of physicians, scientists, nurses, and allied health professionals whose mission is to advance apheresis medicine for patients, donors and practitioners through education, evidence-based practice, research and advocacy. ASFA represents a broad range of health care professionals involved in apheresis medicine including those practicing pathology, transplantation, hematology, oncology, neurology, rheumatology, nephrology, hepatology, gastroenterology, cardiology, and ophthalmology. These health care providers are involved in the performance of therapeutic apheresis procedures including plasma exchange, red cell exchange, leukocytapheresis, plateletapheresis, photopheresis, LDL apheresis, and hematopoietic progenitor cell collection. ASFA also represents those physicians and allied health professionals involved in the collection of blood products from blood donors using apheresis instruments.
The major activities of ASFA are member driven and educational, including publication of the Journal of Clinical Apheresis Special Issue: Clinical Applications of Therapeutic Apheresis: An Evidence Based Approach, publication of Principles of Apheresis Technology Textbook, publication of Therapeutic Apheresis: A Physician's Handbook, monthly apheresis educational webinar program and developing programming for the ASFA Annual Meeting.
ASFA was formed in 1982. It grew from the merger of two organizations, the Society of Hemapheresis Specialists (SHS) and the original ASFA. The SHS was formed by nursing and allied health personnel, who were responsible for performing the donor and therapeutic procedures and operating the various blood cell separators. It was formed provide educational and networking opportunities in the field of apheresis medicine that were not available and which were needed by the original members in order to advance the field. SHS became a national forum for the exchange of views and best practices and was the forerunner of the efforts directed toward apheresis practitioner certification.
The original ASFA developed from a physician-scientist symposia. It was originally developed for the purpose to present scientific research on donor and therapeutic apheresis topics. The first apheresis symposium was held in Chicago in 1979, and was the first of annual symposia. The subsequent symposia were named the ASFA Symposia. Most of the initial Officers and Board of Directors of ASFA presented at these symposia, from which the structure of the organization grew. In 1982, John Verrier-Jones, became the first president of ASFA. He noted that the term “apheresis” had been in use since 1914, and that the appropriate terms was “apheresis”, not “pheresis” as was quite widely used at the time.
In addition to providing education in apheresis medicine for healthcare professionals, ASFA also now seeks to provide education to patients undergoing apheresis treatment.
# Anders Bugge

Anders Bugge (1 May 1889 – 25 December 1955) was a Norwegian theologist and art historian.

## Biography

Anders Ragnar Bugge was born in Sandsvær in Kongsberg, Norway. He was the son of Christian August Bugge (1853–1928) and Dina Alette Danielsen (1855–1933). His father was a theologian and a chaplain at Botsfengslet.
He attended the University of Kristiania, where he graduated with a degree in art in 1907 and became cand.theol. in 1914. In 1912–18 he was assistant and later curator at the Museum of Art and Design in Kristiania. In 1929 he defended his doctoral dissertation.
Anders Bugge was a theologian by education, but came to dedicate his life to art history. He worked several years for the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage and was appointed professor at the University of Oslo from 1936 to 1955. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and was decorated Knight of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star.
# 2-hexadecenal reductase

In enzymology, a 2-hexadecenal reductase (EC 1.3.1.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    hexadecanal + NADP$^+$ $\rightleftharpoons$ 2-trans-hexadecenal + NADPH + H$^+$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are hexadecanal and NADP$^+$, whereas its 3 products are 2-trans-hexadecenal, NADPH, and H$^+$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is hexadecanal:NADP+ Delta2-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include 2-alkenal reductase, and hexadecanal: NADP+ oxidoreductase.