OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abdur Rahim Popalzai

Maulana Abdur Rahim Popalzai II was a freedom fighter, religious scholar, poet, and journalist in the united India. Born in 1890 in Peshawar, Popalzai spent his entire life in the struggle to liberate the people from slavery and the exploitative capitalist system. Popalzai established a seminary at Masjid Qasim Ali Khan, launched an organization, Nojawanan-i-Sarhad, and a newspaper, Chingari, to educate the people and create awareness among them about their rights. Maulana Abdur Rahim Popalzai led demonstrations against discriminatory laws like the Frontier Crimes Regulation against the people of the province. Maulana Popalzai married in 1918. He had a daughter, Safia Begum, and a son, Abdul Rauf. He died in 1944.

## Role in the Freedom movement

Popalzai took part in the Khilafat Movement in his teens. He regularly published a journal by the name of Sarfaroosh and remained engaged in the freedom movement against the British throughout his life. With his leftist leanings, he and other "comrades" set up a youth organisation called Nawajan Bharat Sabha. When the British banned Nawajan Baharat Sabha, he was elected head of the Socialist Party. Abdur Rahim Popalzai II played a leading role in the events which lead up to the Qissa Khwani massacre and was sentenced to nine years in prison for his role in the uprising. Popalzai borrowed his anti-imperialist ideology from Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi and Maulana Hussain Ahmed Madani. In 1939, Abdur Rahim Popalzai II protested in Bannu against the British bombing of Waziristan, for which he was sentenced to five years imprisonment.

## Education

All his five elder brothers died young. Thus Abdul Rahim remained the elder living son of Abdul Hakim. According to their family tradition, Abdul Hakim taught his son at home until 1908. Abdul Rahim learned from his father the meaning and virtues of simplicity, kindness, asceticism, abstinence and mysticism. With completion of his basic study, Abdul Hakim sent him to Rampur, Delhi for further study, and later to Darul Uloom Deoband where he became a student of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. He received a certificate from Sheikh-ul-Hind in Hadith. Maulana Popalzai completed his studies at Deoband and returned Peshawar in 1912.

## Political Education

He attached himself to the movement of Shah Waliullah under the able leadership of Mahmud-ul-Hassan who trained him on particular lines and introduced him to all the workers of the movement in and outside India. Maulana was very much impressed by the methods and tactics of the Marxists and it was one of the reasons that he was dubbed in his lifetime as "Marxist Maulana".
# Acanthognathus stipulosus

Acanthognathus stipulosus is a species of ant of the genus Acanthognathus. Described in 1969 by Brown & Kempf, the species is native to South America.
# Acanthotrema alboisidiatum

Acanthotrema alboisidiatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Described as a new species in 2014, it is primarily distinguished by its striking white isidia that contrast with its light olive-green thallus. The lichen was recognized as a new species despite the absence of ascomata and ascospores, usually crucial for taxonomic identification. Its DNA sequence data confirms its place in the Acanthotrema genus but distinguishes it from other known members of this genus. The species grows up to a diameter of 5 cm (2 in) and bears short, white isidiate outgrowths that resemble insect eggs. The lichen appears to favour the shaded understory of Tabonuco forests in El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico, particularly towards the base of Dacryodes excelsa trees.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 2014 by lichenologists Joel Mercado-Díaz, Robert Lücking, and Sittiporn Parnmen. The holotype, the original specimen from which the description is derived, was discovered in Río Grande, Puerto Rico, on the trunk of a Dacryodes excelsa tree. The species name alboisidiatum refers to the lichen's striking white isidia, a distinguishing feature of this species, which contrasts with the olive-green thallus.
Even in the absence of ascomata and ascospores, Acanthotrema alboisidiatum was formally recognised as a new species. Its unique, white isidia, especially noticeable in their early stages of growth, are a standout feature that defines this taxon. Mitochondrial small subunit rDNA sequence data indicate that the available collections of this lichen belong to the genus Acanthotrema (family Graphidaceae) but represent a species distinct from the other known members of this genus, including A. brasilianum, A. frischii, and A. kalbii.

## Description

Acanthotrema alboisidiatum can extend to a diameter of up to 5 cm (2 in). The thallus, or body, of the lichen is light olive-green, smooth to uneven and shiny. What stands out are the white isidia, short outgrowths on the lichen's surface that, especially when not fully matured, bear a resemblance to insect eggs. These isidia range from 0.2 to 1.0 mm long and 0.1–0.15 mm wide.
Despite careful examination, ascomata, the reproductive structures where spores are produced, were not observed in this species. The lichen's photobiont, the component responsible for photosynthesis, is a form of green alga known as Trentepohlia. The cells of Trentepohlia are irregular and grouped together, with a yellowish-green hue.
No chemical substances were detected by thin-layer chromatography during the analysis of this species.

## Habitat and distribution

Acanthotrema alboisidiatum was discovered in the shaded understory of Tabonuco forests in El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. It was particularly found towards the base of Dacryodes excelsa trees, suggesting a preference for this type of environment. An additional specimen was examined from Luquillo, Puerto Rico. Tabonuco forests in Puerto Rico have a diverse lichen biota, with 76 corticolous species having been identified from this habitat.
# Acontiaster

Acontiaster is a genus of starfish in the family Benthopectinidae, containing the single species Acontiaster bandanus.
# Acleris simpliciana

Acleris simpliciana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Indiana, Manitoba, New York, Ohio and Ontario.
The wingspan is about 11 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from July to August.
# Acmocera conjux

Acmocera conjux is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1858.
# Acmaea achates

Acmaea achates is a species of sea snail or true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Acmaeidae, one of the families of true limpets.

## Description

The ovate shell is rather thin. It is convexly depressed, radiately densely striated with the striae here and there finely corded. The shell is intense black, irregularly variegated with lightning-marked white rays. The interior is bluish, with a broad black variegated border.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off India.
# Acrotaeniostola hoenei

Acrotaeniostola hoenei is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Acrotaeniostola of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

China.
# Acanthopsyche subteralbata

Acanthopsyche subteralbata is a moth of the family Psychidae first described by George Hampson in 1897. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.
Larval host plants are Camellia sinensis and Albizia.
# Actias chapae

Actias chapae or colloquially known as the Celestial moon moth is a moth in the family Saturniidae. It is found in Vietnam and China and potentially other countries in the region; it is a montane species recorded from 1500m and higher. It appears to be an exclusive pine feeder and has been raised on many different species of Pinus in captivity.

## Subspecies

* Actias chapae chapae
* Actias chapae bezverkhovi Wu & Naumann, 2006 (southern Vietnam)
# Acyphoderes aurulenta

Acyphoderes aurulenta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by William Kirby in 1818.
# Acyphoderes bayanicus

Acyphoderes bayanicus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert in 1991.
# Acyphoderes acutipennis

Acyphoderes acutipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1860.
# Acyphoderes ayalai

Acyphoderes ayalai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak and Linsley in 1988.
# Access control matrix

In computer science, an access control matrix or access matrix is an abstract, formal security model of protection state in computer systems, that characterizes the rights of each subject with respect to every object in the system. It was first introduced by Butler W. Lampson in 1971.
An access matrix can be envisioned as a rectangular array of cells, with one row per subject and one column per object. The entry in a cell – that is, the entry for a particular subject-object pair – indicates the access mode that the subject is permitted to exercise on the object. Each column is equivalent to an access control list for the object; and each row is equivalent to an access profile for the subject.

## Definition

According to the model, the protection state of a computer system can be abstracted as a set of objects $O$, that is the set of entities that needs to be protected (e.g. processes, files, memory pages) and a set of subjects $S$, that consists of all active entities (e.g. users, processes). Further there exists a set of rights $R$ of the form $r(s,o)$, where $s\in S$, $o\in O$ and $r(s,o)\subseteq R$. A right thereby specifies the kind of access a subject is allowed to process object.

## Example

In this matrix example there exist two processes, two assets, a file, and a device. The first process is the owner of asset 1, has the ability to execute asset 2, read the file, and write some information to the device, while the second process is the owner of asset 2 and can read asset 1.
| | Asset 1 | Asset 2 | File | Device |
| Role 1 | read, write, execute, own | execute | read | write |
| Role 2 | read | read, write, execute, own | | |

## Utility

Because it does not define the granularity of protection mechanisms, the Access Control Matrix can be used as a model of the static access permissions in any type of access control system. It does not model the rules by which permissions can change in any particular system, and therefore only gives an incomplete description of the system's access control security policy.
An Access Control Matrix should be thought of only as an abstract model of permissions at a given point in time; a literal implementation of it as a two-dimensional array would have excessive memory requirements. Capability-based security and access control lists are categories of concrete access control mechanisms whose static permissions can be modeled using Access Control Matrices. Although these two mechanisms have sometimes been presented (for example in Butler Lampson's Protection paper) as simply row-based and column-based implementations of the Access Control Matrix, this view has been criticized as drawing a misleading equivalence between systems that does not take into account dynamic behaviour.
# Adam Berg (publisher)

Adam Berg (1540–1610) was a German printer and publisher who is best remembered for his work as a music publisher and for his publication of Catholic religious texts. His publishing company was based in Munich, and he actively published music there from 1567 to 1597. His most notable music publication was Patrocinium musicum which was published in ten volumes from 1573 to 1580, five of which were devoted to music by composer Orlande de Lassus.
# Arraias Airport

Deputado Joaquim d'Abreu Coelho Airport (IATA: AAI, ICAO: SWRA) is the airport serving Arraias, Brazil.

## History

Part of the airport infrastructure was completed on August 5, 2013. As of August 25, 2023, the facility was still uncertified by the Department of Airspace Control.

## Airlines and destinations

No scheduled flights operate at this airport.

## Access

The airport is located 15 km (9 mi) south from downtown Arraias.
# Apostolic Nunciature to Belize

The Apostolic Nunciature to Belize is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Belize. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The title Apostolic Nuncio to Belize is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Trinidad and Tobago; he resides in Trinidad and Tobago.

## List of papal representatives to Belize
### Apostolic Pro-Nuncios

* Paul Fouad Naïm Tabet (11 February 1984 – 8 September 1984)
* Manuel Monteiro de Castro (16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990)
* Eugenio Sbarbaro (7 February 1991 – 1998)

### Apostolic Nuncios

* Giacinto Berloco (5 May 1998 – 24 February 2005)
* Luigi Pezzuto (7 May 2005 – 17 November 2012)
* Léon Kalenga Badikebele (13 April 2013 – 17 March 2018)
* Fortunatus Nwachukwu (8 September 2018 – 17 December 2021)
* Santiago de Wit Guzmán (30 July 2022 – present)
# Association for Women in Computing

The Association for Women in Computing (AWC) is a professional organization for women in computing. It was founded in 1978 in Washington, D.C., and is a member of the Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals (ICCP).

## Purpose

The purpose of AWC is to provide opportunities for professional growth for women in computing through networking, continuing education and mentoring. To accomplish this they promote awareness of issues affecting women in the computing industry, further the professional development and advancement of women in computing, and encourage women to pursue careers in computer science. The AWC is a national, nonprofit, professional organization for women and men with an interest in information technology. It grants the Ada Lovelace Award to individuals who have excelled in either of two areas: outstanding scientific technical achievement and/or extraordinary service to the computing community through accomplishments and contributions on behalf of women in computing.

## History

AWC was founded in 1978 as a non-profit organization, originally under the name National Association for Women in Computing. The Puget Sound Chapter was founded in the winter of 1979 by Donnafaye Carroll Finger and Diane Haelsig. These two women read an article about a new association for women in computing and were soon discussing the formation of a Puget Sound Chapter. The Twin Cities Chapter of the AWC first met in December 1979, and became a chartered chapter on May 6, 1981.

## Chapters

AWC has chapters in:
* Montana State University
* New Jersey
* Seattle, Washington
* Twin Cities, Minnesota
* Puget Sound Washington
# Ben Franklin (PX-15)

The Ben Franklin mesoscaphe, also known as the Grumman/Piccard PX-15, is a crewed underwater submersible, built in 1968. It was the brainchild of explorer and inventor Jacques Piccard. The research vessel was designed to house a six-man crew for up to 30 days of oceanographic study in the depths of the Gulf Stream. NASA became involved, seeing this as an opportunity to study the effects of long-term, continuous close confinement, a useful simulation of long space flights.
The ship was named after American Founding Father Benjamin Franklin.

## Design and operation

The Ben Franklin was built between 1966 and 1968 at the Giovanola fabrication plant in Monthey, Switzerland by Piccard and the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation headed by Donald B Terrana, then disassembled and shipped to Florida. The vessel is the first submarine to be built to American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) standards. With a design crush depth of 4,000 feet (1,200 m), it was designed to drift along at neutral buoyancy at depths between 600 and 2,000 feet (180 and 610 metres). The 130-ton ship has four external electric propulsion pods, primarily used for altitude trimming. It is powered by tons of lead batteries stored outside the hull. Its length is 48 feet 9 inches (14.86 m), with a beam of 21 feet 6 inches (6.55 m) and a height of 20 feet (6.1 m). Piccard insisted on 29 observation portholes, despite the objections of engineers over the inclusion of potentially fatal weak points.
It began its voyage on July 14, 1969, off Palm Beach, Florida, with Piccard as the mission leader. Accompanied by surface support vessels, it resurfaced on August 14, 1,444 miles (2,324 km) away, 300 miles (480 km) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Ben Franklin made a few more dives after 1969, including the first deep-sea dive for Robert Ballard, the discoverer of the wreck of the Titanic.
After running aground on a reef in 1971, the Ben Franklin was sold to Vancouver businessman John Horton, only to languish for nearly three decades on the North Shore. In December 1999, with a sudden decision to either move or scrap the submersible, it was offered to the Vancouver Maritime Museum. After refurbishment, the submersible was placed in front of the museum.

## Crew

* Jacques Piccard, the senior scientist on board, as well as the designer and engineer of the vessel
* Chester May, NASA scientist in charge of observing the crew
* Don Kazimir, Chief Pilot and a former navy submarine officer
* Erwin Aebersold, an associate of Jacques' and co-pilot to Kazimir
* Frank Busby, US Navy Oceanographer
* Ken Haigh, British Royal Navy Oceanographer

## Influence

Ambient artists Mathieu Ruhlmann and Celer collaboratively released an album called Mesoscaphe in 2008 dedicated to the voyage of the Ben Franklin.
# Apostolic Nunciature to Brazil

The Apostolic Nunciature to the Republic of Brazil is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Brazil. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.

## Apostolic Nuncios to Brazil

* Pietro Ostini (17 July 1829 – 2 September 1832)
* Gaetano Bedini (28 October 1845 – 16 August 1847)
* Vincentius Massoni (1856–1857)
* Mariano Falcinelli Antoniacci, OSB (30 March 1858 – 14 August 1863)
* Angelo Di Pietro (30 September 1879 – 21 March 1882)
* Mario Mocenni (28 March 1882 – 18 October 1882)
* Vincenzo Vannutelli (22 December 1882 – 4 October 1883)
* Girolamo Maria Gotti, OCD (19 April 1892 – 1 December 1896)
* José Macchi (14 February 1898 – January 1904)
* Giulio Tonti (23 August 1902 – 4 October 1906)
* Alessandro Bavona (10 April 1908 – 1911)
* Giuseppe Aversa (2 March 1911 – 4 December 1916)
* Angelo Giacinto Scapardini, OP (4 December 1916 – 1920)
* Enrico Gasparri (1 September 1920 – 1925)
* Benedetto Aloisi Masella (26 April 1927 – 1946)
* Carlo Chiarlo (19 March 1946 – 24 September 1954)
* Armando Lombardi (24 September 1954 – 4 May 1964)
* Sebastiano Baggio (26 May 1964 – 23 June 1969)
* Umberto Mozzoni (19 April 1969 – 1973)
* Carmine Rocco (22 May 1973 – 12 May 1982)
* Carlo Furno (21 August 1982 – 15 April 1992)
* Alfio Rapisarda (2 June 1992 – 12 October 2002)
* Lorenzo Baldisseri (12 November 2002 – 11 January 2012)
* Giovanni d'Aniello (10 February 2012 – 1 June 2020)
* Giambattista Diquattro (29 August 2020 – present)
# Apostolic Nunciature to Uganda

The Apostolic Nunciature to Uganda is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Uganda. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.

## List of papal representatives
### Apostolic Pro-Nuncios

* Amelio Poggi (5 August 1967 - 27 November 1969)
* Luigi Bellotti (27 November 1969 - 2 September 1975)
* Henri Lemaître (19 December 1975 - 16 November 1981)
* Karl-Josef Rauber (18 December 1982 - 22 January 1990)
* Luis Robles Díaz (13 March 1990 - 6 March 1999)

### Apostolic Nuncios

* Christophe Pierre (10 May 1999 - 22 March 2007)
* Paul Tschang In-Nam (27 August 2007 - 4 August 2012)
* Michael August Blume (2 February 2013 - 4 July 2018)
* Luigi Bianco (4 February 2019 - present)
# 1983–84 Roller Hockey Champions Cup

The 1984–85 Roller Hockey Champions Cup was the 19th edition of the Roller Hockey Champions Cup organized by CERH.
Barcelona achieved their ninth title ever.

## Teams

The champions of the main European leagues, and Barcelona as title holders, played this competition, consisting in a double-legged knockout tournament.

## Bracket

| First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Ober-Ramstadt | 4 | 4 | 8 | | | | | | | | |
| Amatori Vercelli | 9 | 7 | 16 | | | | | | | | |
| Amatori Vercelli | 9 | 7 | 16 | Amatori Vercelli | 6 | 4 | 10 | | | | |
| | | | | Porto | 3 | 13 | 16 | | | | |
| Porto | 15 | 10 | 25 | Porto | 3 | 13 | 16 | | | | |
| Royal Sunday | 3 | 2 | 5 | | | | | | | | |
| Royal Sunday | 3 | 2 | 5 | | | | | Porto | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | Barcelona | 3 | 9 | 12 |
| | | | | Montreux | 6 | 5 | 11 | | | | |
| | | | | Barcelona | 11 | 16 | 27 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Barcelona | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Liceo | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| | | | | Southsea | 6 | 3 | 9 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Coutras | 3 | 2 | 5 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Southsea | 3 | 2 | 5 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Liceo | 5 | 13 | 18 |
| | | | | Liceo | 10 | 6 | 16 | | | | |
| | | | | Lichtstad | 3 | 4 | 7 | | | | |
Source:
# 1983–84 Rider Broncs men's basketball team

The 1983–84 Rider Broncs men's basketball team represented Rider University in the 1983–84 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncs, led by ninth-year head coach John Carpenter, played their home games at the Alumni Gymnasium in Lawrenceville, New Jersey as members of the East Coast Conference. They finished the season 20–11, 11–5 in ECC play to finish in second place. In the ECC tournament, they defeated No. 7 seed American, No. 3 seed Drexel, and top seed Bucknell (in OT) to win the tournament and earn the first bid to the NCAA Tournament in program history. As one of two No. 12 seeds in the East region of the 1984 NCAA tournament, the Broncs were defeated by Richmond, 89–65, in the play-in round.

## Schedule and results

| Date time, TV | Rank$^#$ | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site (attendance) city, state |
| Regular season ||||||
| Nov 26, 1983* | | at Alabama | L 50–70 | 0–1 | Coleman Coliseum Tuscaloosa, Alabama |
| Nov 28, 1983* | | at James Madison | W 76–68 | 1–1 | JMU Convocation Center Harrisonburg, Virginia |
| Dec 7, 1983* | | at Rutgers | L 62–63 | 1–2 | Louis Brown Athletic Center Piscataway, New Jersey |
| Dec 9, 1983* | | vs. Colgate | W 61–58 | 2–2 | |
| Dec 10, 1983* | | at Marist | L 64–67 | 2–3 | McCann Recreation Center Poughkeepsie, New York |
| Dec 26, 1983* | | vs. Lafayette | W 92–71 | 3–3 | |
| Dec 28, 1983* | | vs. George Mason | L 61–63 | 3–4 | |
| Mar 3, 1984 | | Delaware | W 69–66 | 17–10 (11–5) | Alumni Gymnasium Lawrenceville, New Jersey |
| MAAC tournament ||||||
| Mar 8, 1984* | | vs. American Quarterfinals | W 49–47 | 18–10 | Towson Center Towson, Maryland |
| Mar 9, 1984* | | vs. Drexel Semifinals | W 60–54 | 19–10 | Towson Center Towson, Maryland |
| Mar 10, 1984* | | vs. Bucknell Championship game | W 73–71 $^{OT}$ | 20–10 | Towson Center Towson, Maryland |
| NCAA tournament ||||||
| Mar 13, 1984* | (12 E) | vs. (12 E) Richmond Play-in game | L 65–89 | 20–11 | The Palestra Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. E=East. All times are in Eastern. ||||||
Sources
# 1984 ABN World Tennis Tournament

The 1984 ABN World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Rotterdam Ahoy in the Netherlands. It was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was held from 12 March through 18 March 1984. The singles final between Ivan Lendl and Jimmy Connors was stopped at 6–0, 1–0 because the Ahoy Arena had received an anonymous telephone bomb threat. The police searched the venue but no bomb was found. The match was not resumed and officially has no winner.

## Finals
### Singles

Ivan Lendl led Jimmy Connors 6–0, 1–0 canc. Lendl and Connors both received runners-up finishes.

### Doubles

Kevin Curren / Wojciech Fibak defeated Fritz Buehning / Ferdi Taygan 6–4, 6–4