OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bow Lake (Ontario)

Bow Lake is a lake in Faraday township, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada.
In the late 20th-century, the area around the lake was used for uranium mining and the housing of mine workers.

## Description

The lake is arc shaped, approximately 2.5km in length.
It was named as Bow Lake in 1948 and is located at GPS 45.015, -77.938 in Hastings County, Ontario.

## History

The former Faraday Mine (later known as Madawaska Mine) was located North East of the lake. The mine operated from the 1950's to the 1960s and from 1976 to 1982 and produced 4,000,000 tones of tailings that are located in two areas 100 to 200 metres from the shore. Housing for mining company executives were built around the lake's shore.
As of 2012, uranium remained highly bioavailable in the lake as a result of mining activity.$^{:597}$
Water testing commissioned by the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission between 2018 and 2020 found uranium concentrations in the lake at 50 μg/L, exceeding the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life limit of 15 μg/L. Risk assessments note that the uranium would "not result in adverse effects on any species of aquatic life from exposure to those concentrations in surface water, sediment and groundwater associated with the Madawaska decommissioned site. With the improvements to water flow and the new cover system that is almost completed for the site, future results should demonstrate that migration of contaminants into the surrounding environment has been limited."
# Arpád Györi

Arpád Györi (born 26 September 1970) is a Slovak ice hockey coach and former player. He played as a right winger. He is currently the head coach of HC Tábor of the Czech 2nd liga.
Györi played in the Czech Extraliga for HC České Budějovice and HC Železárny Třinec from 1993 to 1998 He also played in the Tipsport Liga for HC Košice and HK Dukla Trenčín before spending three seasons playing in Germany for EHC Wolfsburg in the Oberliga and the 2nd Bundesliga.
During the 2002–03 season, Györi joined HC Tábor of the Czech 2nd liga and remained a player there until his retirement in 2008. He later became assistant coach for the team and became head coach in 2018.
# Aberdeen, Carolina and Western Railway

The Aberdeen, Carolina and Western Railway (reporting mark ACWR) is a short-line railroad running from Aberdeen to Star, North Carolina. It was incorporated in 1987 and operates on a former Norfolk Southern Railway branch line. It also leases track from Norfolk Southern between Charlotte and Gulf, North Carolina. It serves approximately 20 industries, mainly dealing in forest and agricultural products.

## Fleet

The ACWR fleet (as of May 2018; not all actively in service in July 2023) consists of the following locomotives:
| Number | Type | Built | Notes |
| 100, 101, 103 | EMD E9 | 1955 (#103) | All are A units (Number 103, originally UPRR #955, is recently restored with new magenta and gold paint scheme). |
| 703, 704, 9529, 9582, 9624 | EMD GP40-2 | 1973-1975 | All are the variant GP40-2LW (Widecab). All ex-CN, 703 is ex-GO Transit. |
| 1386, 1417, 1457 | EMD MP15 | 1975-1982 | 1386 is the variant MP15DC; Ex-MP. 1417 and 1457 are the variant MP15AC; Ex-UP, nee-SP. |
| 4500, 4501 | EMD F7 | 1950-1951 | Both are A units. |
| 5520, 5521, 5526, 5527, 5534, 5536, 5539, 5545, 5548, 5549, 5558-5560 | EMD SD60 | 1989 | All are the variant SD60-F with cowl, built by GMD for CN. |
| 6909, 6910, 6918, 6919, 6922, 6925, 6926, 6939 | EMD SD40 | 1969-1971 | All are the variant SD40-3, ex-WC, Ex-GCFX, nee-CN |
| 400600 | EMD F3 | 1949 | Cabless B unit |
| 271, 276 | EMD F9 | | Former Norfolk Southern business train AB set, rebuilt by NS to GP38-2 components, acquired by ACWR in 2019 and re-painted in magenta and yellow/gold scheme. Ex-B&O (271) and Chicago Great Western (276). |
| 87 | GE AC6000CW | 1995–2001 | Ex-CSX 666, later PRLX 656; converted to a bar under the name "Engine Room ‘87" |
# A. Michelsen

A. Michelsen was a leading Danish jeweller founded in 1841 by Anton Michelsen in Copenhagen. It was responsible for executing all Danish orders. It was absorbed by Georg Jensen A/S in 1985.

## History

Anton Michelsen (1809–1877) was born 1809 in Copenhagen. His family, which can be traced back to the 17th century, had for generations been metalsmiths. He completed a goldsmith's apprenticeship in Odense in 1839 before moving to Copenhagen where he continued his training in Dyrkoph's and court goldsmith J.B. Dalhoff's workshops. He also attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where he was influenced by Gustav Friedrich Hetsch. In 1836, he went on a long journey abroad, working in some of the leading goldsmiths' workshops in Germany and Paris. He established his own goldsmithy in Gothersgade in Copenhagen when he returned to Denmark in 1841. He immediately won the attention of the royal family. Christian VIII charged him with executing all Danish medals with title of royal court and order jeweller (kgl. hof- og ordensjuvelerer). Michelsen was the only Danish goldsmith who was represented at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1855. In 1900, he was the only Danish jeweller to exhibit silver during the Paris Exposition.
Michelsen's son Carl Michelsen (1853–1921), a jurist and merchant, continued the company when his father died in 1877. He collaborated with artists such as Arnold Krog, Harald Slott-Møller, Hans Tegner, Martin Nyrop and especially Thorvald Bindesbøll. Carl Michelsen for a while served as president of Industriforeningen and was the first chairman of the Museum of Arts and Crafts. His son, Poul Ulrich Michelsen (1881–1957), joined the company as a partner in 1914. He had received a commercial education in Landmandsbanken and continued the company alone when his father died in 1921. The artists that he collaborated with included Svend Hammershøi, Ib Lunding, Olaf Stæhr-Nielsen, Palle Suenson and Arne Bang. The most important works from the period were created in the years after 1925 to design by professor Kay Fisker. Later collaborators included Ole Hagen, Erik Herløw and Edvard Kindt-Larsen.
Poul Ulrich Michelsen was appointed to Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog in connection with the one hundred years' anniversary of the company in 1941 and the Danish Museum of Arts and Crafts arranged a retrospective exhibition.
Poul Michelsen's son, Jørgen Michelsen (born 1912), an art historian and silversmith, joined the company in 1940 and became a partner in 1943. A Swedish subsidiary, AB A. Michelsen, Stockholm, was established in 1946.
In 1985, A. Michelsen was merged with the Royal Porcelain Factory, Holmegaard Glasværk and Georg Jensen under the name Royal Copenhagen.

## Location

Anton Michelsen's workshop was originally located in Gothersgade. The company later established a factory at Sturlasgade 14 in Islands Brygge while its shop was situated at Bredgade 11.

## Works

Anton Michelsen was one of the first to work in the so-called Old Nordic style.
# Anoectangium

Anoectangium is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pottiaceae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

## Species

Species:
* Anoectangium abyssinicum Hampe ex Geheeb, 1899
* Anoectangium aestivum Mitten, 1869
# Avian HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon

The Avian HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon (AHBV epsilon) is an RNA structure that is shown to facilitate encapsidation of the pregenomic RNA required for viral replication. There are two main classes of encapsidation signals in avian hepatitis B viruses - Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and Heron hepatitis B virus (HHBV) like. DHBV is used as a model to understand human Hepatitis B virus. Although studies have shown that the HHBV epsilon has less pairing in the upper stem than DHBV, this pairing is not absolutely required for DHBV infection in ducks.
DHBV epsilon consists of a stem structure, a bulge and an apical loop (Fig. 1). The RNA structure was determined by chemical probing, NMR analysis and by mutagenesis.
HHBV epsilon also consists of a stem structure, a bulge and an apical loop (Fig. 2). The RNA structure has been determined by chemical probing and by mutagenesis. However, it has less base pairing in the upper stem than DHBV epsilon.
Recent NMR analysis of both the HHBV and DHBV epsilon have shown that the apical loop to be capped by a stable well-structured UGUU tetraloop.
In the Rfam database a single covariation model (AHBV_epsilon box right) best discriminates between the true instances of the element in sequence databases and background. The secondary structure diagram is a computer generated view of the structure with highly conserved bases shown in red. It includes the major elements shown in Figures 1 and 2.
# Algirdas Ražauskas

Algirdas Ražauskas (March 22, 1952 – February 3, 2008) was a Lithuanian politician, born in Būteniai. In 1990 he was among those who signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
# Albert Daniel Smith

Albert Daniel Smith (February 6, 1887 – January 20, 1970) was a pioneer aviator and later a Brigadier General.

## Biography

He was born on February 6, 1887. He trained to fly and was awarded Aero Club of America license #354.
Albert D. Smith won an American Hydroplane duration record on February 19, 1916
In March 1918 he crashed at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio and was injured.
He arranged the first transcontinental flight for the United States Army in 1918. Under his command the first transcontinental flight for the United States Army was made in 1918 using four JN-4 aircraft. On December 4, 1918, they left San Diego, California. They landed Jacksonville, Florida on December 22, 1918.
In 1919 he joined Henry H. Arnold's Northwestern Forest Fire Patrol and was released from service in 1923 because of his disability from his previous crash.
He died on January 20, 1970, in Newport Beach, California.
# 1986 United Kingdom budget

The 1986 United Kingdom budget was delivered by Nigel Lawson, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the House of Commons on 18 March 1986. It was the third budget to be presented by Lawson, and saw the start of a programme of tax cuts initiated under the leadership of Conservative Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Lawson set the theme of his budget as "popular capitalism" and stated his wish to turn a nation of homeowners into a nation of shareholders. As well as a cut in the basic rate of income tax from 30% to 29%, there were other changes to taxation. 1986 was also the year the chancellor announced the launch of the Personal equity plan (PEP), a tax-exempt plan that would allow ordinary members of the public to invest up to £2,400 a year in equities. Labour leader Neil Kinnock, the leader of the Opposition, dismissed the budget as a "bits and pieces budget" that promised "jam tomorrow".

## Overview

Lawson's idea with "popular capitalism" was to create a society "in which more and more men and women have a direct personal stake in British business and industry", building on the already growing trend of employee share schemes, as well as the government's programme of privatisation.
To this end, he began a programme of tax cuts and investment reforms designed to allow people to keep more of what they were earning, and encourage them to invest their money. He announced the creation of the personal equity plan (PEP) which would allow members of the public to "shelter" from tax of up to £2,400 per year in stocks. The basic rate of income tax was reduced from 30% to 29%, the first cut in income tax since 1979, while other tax changes were also announced. Capital Transfer Tax was renamed Inheritance Tax, and the tax levied on gifts given during a deceased person's lifetime was abolished (unless the gift was given in their final year of life). Tax relief for charity donations made by companies or individuals, described as "Give as you Earn", was announced. Duty on a packet of 20 cigarettes was increased by 11p, while duty on petrol was raised by 7.5p per gallon.
In his speech Lawson said that social security changes being brought in that year, principally the replacement of Family Income Supplement by Family Credit, world save £120 million in the 1987–88 financial year.

## Reaction

In his response to the budget, Opposition Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock described it as a "bits and pieces budget" that promised "jam tomorrow".
The 1986 budget saw the first reduction in income tax since 1979. Lawson would further reduce the basic rate of income tax in his subsequent budgets of 1987 and 1988 cutting it to 25% by 1988.
# Bow Mistress Trophy

The Bow Mistress Trophy is a Tasmanian Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race held under Weight for age conditions, for fillies and mares aged three years old and upwards, over a distance of 1,200 metres at the Tattersall's Park, Glenorchy, Australia in February. The prize money for the event is A$150,000.

## History

The race is named after the Tasmanian mare Bow Mistress, who won the 1984 TRC One Thousand Guineas and 1984 VATC Group 2 J J Liston Stakes. The mare was placed in several other graded races on the mainland and is considered one of Tasmania's best racehorses. The race is usually held on the same day as the Listed Tasmanian Derby.

### Grade

* 2006–2011 - Listed Race
* 2012 onwards - Group 3

## Winners

* 2023 - Belsielle
* 2022 - Zoushine
* 2021 - Ethical Solution
* 2020 - Zargos
* 2019 - Life On The Wire
* 2018 - Gogo Grace
* 2017 - Ocean Embers
* 2016 - Nautical
* 2015 - I Love It
* 2014 - Isibaeva
* 2013 - Rebel Bride
* 2012 - Rebel Bride
* 2011 - Lady Lynette
* 2010 - Dollops
* 2009 - Flying Ruby
* 2008 - Diamond Cove
* 2007 - Oceano
* 2006 - Con's Amy
# Arnold Maria Hansson

Arnold Maria Hansson (10 November 1889 – 5 September 1981) was a New Zealand forestry administrator and consultant. He was born in Drammen, Norway on 10 November 1889.
# Abdullah Yaqta

Abdullah Yaqta, also known as Abdullah Yaftali (1918 – 17 July 2003) was a politician from Afghanistan.
Yaftali was appointed as director of the department of income tax in 1949. He worked in the ministry of planning in 1950s. He was appointed as deputy minister of planning in 1962, minister of planning in 1962, minister of finance (November 1965 to January 1967) and minister of planning in 1967. He was Second Deputy Prime Minister in 1967 and First Deputy Prime Minister from 1969 to 1971.
He was acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 11 October to 1 November 1967.
Yaftali was born in Kabul. He later emigrated to the United States, where he died.
# ACC Rookie of the Year

The phrase ACC Rookie of the Year may refer to:
* Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Rookie of the Year
* Atlantic Coast Conference Football Rookie of the Year
* Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Soccer Freshman of the Year
# Anoecia corni

Anoecia corni, the dogwood aphid, is a species of aphid in the subfamily Anoeciinae. The species has been recorded as a pest of millets. It is native to Europe but has been introduced to North America. The fundatrices typically lay their eggs on dogwood trees, and the alate aphids fly onto grasses during the summer, where they are tended to by ants.
# Alfonso Ramírez

Alfonso Ramírez may refer to:
* Alfonso Ramírez (count) (died 1185), medieval governor of the Bierzo
* Alfonso Lastras Ramírez (1924–1999), Mexican politician
* Alfonso Ramírez Cuéllar (born 1959), Mexican politician
* Alfonso Ramírez (boxer), Mexican boxer, Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics
# 28th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

The 28th Division (第28師団, Dai-nijūhachi Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Abundant Division (豊兵団, Toyo Heidan). The 28th Division of the Kwantung Army was formed on 10 July 1940, in Manchukuo capital - Changchun.

## History

The 28th Division was tasked with the defense of the Manchukuo capital, and the neighboring areas of Harbin and Qiqihar under direct control of Kwantung Army.
With the start of the Battle of Saipan 15 June 1944, its 36th Infantry Regiment was sent to Saipan, but returned to division soon as Saipan was lost before 36th regiment could arrive. Simultaneously, the 28th Division was reassigned to the 32nd Army in June, 1944 and reassigned to the Ryukyu Islands, specifically to Miyakojima (where it based its headquarters) and Ishigaki archipelago. Its former garrison and some left-over troops were incorporated into 112th division.
In the Battle of Okinawa, the 28th Division main positions were never invaded, but were heavily bombed and subject to coastal bombardment. As all higher-ranking officers of the 32nd Army were killed, Naumi Toshiro, commander of the 28th Division, signed a surrender document for the 32nd Army after the surrender of Japan. The division was disbanded 13 December 1945.
# 1991 FIBA Oceania Championship

The FIBA Oceania Championship for Men 1991 was the qualifying tournament of FIBA Oceania for the 1992 Summer Olympics. The tournament, a best-of-three series between Australia and New Zealand, was held in Wellington and Palmerston North, New Zealand. Australia won the series 2–0.

## Teams that did not enter

* American Samoa
* Cook Islands
* Micronesia
* Fiji
* Guam
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tahiti
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

## Results

* 4 June
| Australia | 96–79 | New Zealand |
| Scoring by half: 50-35, 46-44 |||
* Wellington
* 5 June
| Australia | 74–57 | New Zealand |
| Scoring by half: 25-30, 49-27 |||
* Palmerston North
* 1991 Oceanian champions
* Australia Tenth title
# Alger "Texas" Alexander

Alger "Texas" Alexander (September 12, 1900 – April 18, 1954) was an American blues singer from Jewett, Texas. Some sources claim that he was the cousin of Lightnin' Hopkins, but no direct kinship has been established. It has also been asserted that he was the uncle of the Texas country blues guitarist Frankie Lee Sims.

## Career

A short man with a big, deep voice, Alexander started his career performing on the streets and at parties and picnics in the Brazos River bottomlands, where he sometimes worked with Blind Lemon Jefferson. In 1927, he began a recording career that continued into the 1930s, recording sides for Okeh Records and Vocalion Records in New York, San Antonio, and Fort Worth.
Songs he recorded include "Mama's Bad Luck Child," "Sittin' on a Log," "Texas Special," "Broken Yo Yo" and "Don't You Wish Your Baby Was Built Up Like Mine?"
His early records for Okeh are notable not only for the originality of his songs but also for the musical motifs against which they are set. On April 9, 1934, Alexander recorded with backing by the Mississippi Sheiks. Their line-up featured Bo Carter on violin and Sam Chatman and Walter Vinson on guitar. The eight tracks recorded included "Seen Better Days" and "Frost Texas Tornado Blues", the latter of which told of the tornado which destroyed Frost, Texas, on May 6, 1930, leaving 41 dead.
Alexander did not play a musical instrument, and over the years he worked with a number of other artists, including King Oliver, Eddie Lang, Lonnie Johnson, Little Hat Jones, the Mississippi Sheiks, J. T. Smith, and Lightnin' Hopkins. He sang in the free rhythm of work songs, such as the migrant cotton pickers he performed for might have sung, which posed a challenge for those accompanying him. The rhythm of his singing is often difficult to follow, and on his records his accompanists can often be heard resetting their watches to "Alexander time". Lonnie Johnson devised free-form guitar melodies in counterpoint to Alexander's vocal lines.
Alexander allegedly murdered his wife in 1939 and was imprisoned in the state penitentiary in Paris, Texas, from 1940 to 1945. Research by Coy Prather published in the spring 2014 issue of Texas Music Magazine revealed that the often-printed story of his prison term may be a myth. There are no records that Alexander ever served a sentence in a Texas prison, and there was never a prison in Paris. Prather believed Alexander may have served time on a county work farm for playing lewd music in public.
After 1945, Alexander returned to performing and recording. His last recording was made in 1950 with Benton's Busy Bees, with Leon Benton on guitar and Buster Pickens on piano.
Alexander died of syphilis in 1954, at the age of 53. He was buried in Longstreet Cemetery, in Montgomery County, Texas.

## Discography

* Buddy Boy Hawkins and his Buddies 1934 recording of "Easy Rider Blues" (Yazoo, 1968)
* Texas Troublesome Blues (Agram, 1982)
* Complete Recordings, vols. 1–4 (Matchbox, 1982–1990)
* Complete Recordings in Chronological Order, vols. 1–3 (Document, 1993–1994)
* 98 Degree Blues (Catfish, 1999)
# Anoeciinae

Anoeciinae is a subfamily of the family Aphididae. Anoeciines live underground and feed on the roots of plants.

## Genera

These four genera belong to the subfamily Anoeciinae:
* Anoecia Koch, 1857
* Krikoanoecia Zhang & Qiao, 1996
* † Berendtaphis Heie, 1971
* † Bolshayanoecia Heie, 1989
# Axim Girls Senior High School

Axim Girls Senior High School is an all female second cycle institution in Axim in the Western Region of Ghana.

## History

The school was established in 2009 by local Axim leaders and absorbed into the Ghana Education System in 2012.
# 26 USC 102(c)

Under U.S. Federal law, 26 USC 102(c) governs the income tax treatment, by an employee, of gifts received by an employee from his or her employer. While gifts are typically exempt from gross income under U.S. federal income tax law, this is not usually so for gifts received from employers. Under Internal Revenue Code section 102(c), gifts transferred by or for an employer to, or for the benefit of, an employee, cannot generally be excluded from gross income.
There are some statutory exceptions to this rule, for example, in the case of de minimis fringe amounts and for achievement awards.
# Albert Eerola

Johan Albert Eerola (28 April 1874 in Tuulos – 3 October 1950) was a Finnish politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1924 to 1927 and again from 1939 to 1945, representing the National Coalition Party.
# Ardı, Horasan

Ardı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Horasan, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 144 (2022).
# Absolute temperature scale

Absolute temperature scale can refer to:
* Thermodynamic temperature, the absolute temperature
* Kelvin scale, an absolute-temperature scale related to the Celsius scale
* Rankine scale, an absolute-temperature scale related to the Fahrenheit scale
For a type of measuring system that begins at an absolute minimum (not necessarily a temperature scale) see:
# Alexandros Amanatidis

Alexandros Amanatidis (born 12 May 1987) is a Cypriot male weightlifter, competing in the 77 kg category and representing Cyprus at international competitions. He participated at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in the 77 kg event.

## Major competitions

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Commonwealth Games |||||||||||||
| 2014 | Glasgow, Scotland | 77 kg | 125 | 130 | 132 | — | 155 | 160 | 160 | — | 280 | 11 |
| 2010 | Delhi, India | 77 kg | 126 | 132 | 132 | — | 157 | 162 | 162 | — | 289 | 5 |
# 2nd New York Regiment

The 2nd New York Regiment was authorized on May 25, 1775, and formed at Albany from June 28 to August 4 for service with the Continental Army under the command of Colonel Goose Van Schaick. The enlistments of the first establishment ended on December 31, 1775.
The second establishment of the regiment was authorized on January 19, 1776.
The regiment saw action in the Invasion of Canada, Battle of Valcour Island, Battle of Saratoga, Battle of Monmouth, the Sullivan Expedition and the Battle of Yorktown. The regiment was furloughed, June 2, 1783, at Newburgh, New York and disbanded November 15, 1783.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Wright, pg. 41
* ↑ Fernow, pg. 11
* ↑ Wright, pg. 60