OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1987 Nabisco Masters – Singles

Two-time defending champion Ivan Lendl successfully defended his title, defeating Mats Wilander in the final, 6–2, 6–2, 6–3 to win the singles title at the 1987 Nabisco Masters.
In this year, the semifinal pairings were decided by a racket spin. This resulted in the two first placed players of each group playing each other again; in the case of Stefan Edberg and Wilander, for the second time in 24 hours (Edberg won the round robin match, but Wilander won the semifinal the following day).

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Ivan Lendl | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Brad Gilbert | 2 | 4 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Brad Gilbert | 2 | 4 | | 1 | Ivan Lendl | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| | | | | | 3 | Mats Wilander | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Stefan Edberg | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 | Mats Wilander | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| 3 | Mats Wilander | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | |

## Round robin
### Group A

| | | Lendl | Gilbert | Connors | Becker | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| 1 | Ivan Lendl | | 6–2, 6–2 | 4–3, r | 6–4, 6–7, 6–3 | 3–0 | 4–1 | 34–21 | 1 |
| 8 | Brad Gilbert | 2–6, 2–6 | | 6–4, 7–6 | 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 | 2–1 | 4–3 | 33–36 | 2 |
| 4 | Jimmy Connors | 3–4, r | 4–6, 6–7 | | 5–7, 6–2, 3–6 | 0–3 | 1–4 | 27–32 | 4 |
| 5 | Boris Becker | 4–6, 7–6, 3–6 | 6–4, 4–6, 4–6 | 7–5, 2–6, 6–3 | | 1–2 | 4–5 | 43–48 | 3 |
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.

### Group B

| | | Edberg | Cash | Mečíř | Wilander | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| 2 | Stefan Edberg | | 6–4, 4–6, 6–1 | 6–3, 6–3 | 6–2, 7–6 | 3–0 | 6–1 | 41–25 | 1 |
| 7 | Pat Cash | 4–6, 6–4, 1–6 | | 7–5, 6–4 | 6–7, 3–6 | 1–2 | 3–4 | 33–38 | 3 |
| 6 | Miloslav Mečíř | 3–6, 3–6 | 5–7, 4–6 | | 4–6, 1–6 | 0–3 | 0–6 | 20–37 | 4 |
| 3 | Mats Wilander | 2–6, 6–7 | 7–6, 6–3 | 6–4, 6–1 | | 2–1 | 4–2 | 33–27 | 2 |
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.
# Auburn Softball Complex

The Auburn Softball Complex is a softball complex in Auburn, Alabama. The facility is the home field of the Auburn High School Tigers softball program, and served as the home field of the Auburn University Tigers softball team in 1997 and 1998. The five–field complex has been rated one of the premier complexes in the United States by USA Softball magazine and has hosted 18 Amateur Softball Association (ASA) national championship tournaments and 11 Independent Softball Association (ISA) national championships. In 1999, the facility was named the ISA National Complex of the Year.
The Auburn Softball Complex, built in 1993, consists of five regulation softball fields with 300–foot fences, bermuda grass outfields, skinned infields, and Hollywood bases. The complex features a three–story press box and control building and covered dugouts. The facility seats 1,200 spectators and has parking for 750.
The Auburn Softball Complex has been named the Alabama ASA Complex of the Year four times, in 1999, 2001, 2005, and 2006, and was inducted into the Alabama Amateur Softball Association Hall of Fame in 2007. The Auburn Softball Complex is managed by Robby Carter.
# BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1

BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1- also known as somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 3 or SERK3) is an important plant protein that has diverse functions in plant development.

## Structure

BAK1 belongs to a large group of plant proteins known as the Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). In the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, BAK1 and 4 other closely related proteins form a sub-group within the LRR-RK family, known as the somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs). All 5 SERKs are transmembrane proteins. They consist of an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane pass and an intracellular domain. The extracellular domain is composed of several leucine rich repeats, and the intracellular domain functions as a protein kinase. BAK1 is thought to interact with many other LRR-RKs and the signalling output of BAK1 is dependent on its binding partner

## Roles in plant development
### Brassinosteroid signalling

BAK1 was initially identified for its role in brassinosteroid signalling. Brassinosteroid is a major plant hormone that has many roles and is often associated with cell elongation. BAK1 binds to the brassinosteroid receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and this then triggers a phosphorylation cascade that leads to a change in expression of multiple genes.

### Defense signalling

BAK1 is also critical for plant immunity and plants the lack BAK1 show a much greater susceptibility to bacterial infections. Plants are able to perceive bacteria by recognizing specific molecular signatures or 'effectors'. One of these signatures is bacterial-derived flagellin. Plants perceive flagellin when it binds to the receptor FLS2. When flagellin is perceived by FLS2, this strongly promotes the interaction between FLS2 and BAK1 and this then leads to changes in gene expression that promote defense against bacteria.
In addition to flagellin, plants are also able to perceive other bacterial effectors. One of these, EF-Tu is perceived by the EF-Tu receptor (EFR). Similar to FLS2, BAK1 is required for EFR function.
The LRR-RK Erecta (ER) may also promote plant defense, in concert with BAK1.

### Regulation of stomatal development

Along with its role in plant defense, the ER:BAK1 complex also repress the development of stomata in leaves. Mutations in BAK1 and ER lead in increase in the number of stomata.

## Molecular basis for diverse functional roles

The diverse functional roles of BAK1 are brought about through its binding to a large number of receptors. However, many of the molecular components downstream of these receptor:BAK1 complexes are shared between these signalling pathways (for example, BR Signalling Kinase 1 (BSK1) is a positive regulator of both BRI1:BAK1 signalling and FLS2:BAK1 signalling). It is currently unclear how cells are able to distinguish between a BSK1 which has been activated by BRI1 or FLS2. One recent study has shown that BRI1 and FLS2 localize to different 'nano-domains' on the cell membrane and so it is possible that this spatial separation accounts for the very different signal outputs.
# Battle Trek

Battle Trek is a video game written by Gilman Louie for the TRS-80 published by Voyager Software in 1981. A version for Atari 8-bit computers followed in 1982.

## Gameplay

Battle Trek is a game in which the player commands the starship USS Ranger against the enemy Vegans.

## Reception

Hosea Battles, Jr. reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "The game is quite exciting. I was constantly torn between redistributing power and firing weapons."
# Besciva

Besciva is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

## Species

* Besciva longitudinella Busck, 1914
# Arnold Margolin (television producer)

Arnold Margolin is an American television producer, screen writer, and director. He is the older brother of actor Stuart Margolin.
He was executive producer of Love, American Style, and shared composition credits for the theme song along with Charles Fox.
# 1991 Copenhagen Open

The 1991 Copenhagen Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Copenhagen, Denmark that was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from 4 March until 10 March 1991. First-seeded Jonas Svensson won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Jonas Svensson defeated Anders Järryd, 6–7$^{(5–7)}$, 6–2, 6–2
* It was Svensson's only singles title of the year and the 5th and last of his career.

### Doubles

Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Mansour Bahrami / Andrei Olhovskiy, 6–3, 6–1
# 1991 Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship

The 1991 Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship was the 5th running of the Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship organised by Motorcycling Australia. The final took place on 6 January 1991 at the Olympic Park Speedway in Mildura, Victoria. The championship was won by Mildura's own Leigh Adams who won the third of his four national Under-21 championships. Shane Parker from Adelaide was second with another Mildura rider Jason Lyons in third place. Parker defeated Lyons in a run-off for the minor placings after both finished the meeting on 13 points. Former South Australian champion Scott Norman defeated Dave Hamnett from New South Wales in a run-off for fourth place after both finished the meeting on 11 points.

## 1991 Australian Under-21 Solo Championship

* 6 January 1991
* Mildura, Victoria – Olympic Park Speedway
* Referee:
| Pos. | Rider | Points | Details |
| | Leigh Adams | 15 | |
| | Shane Parker | 13+3 | |
| | Jason Lyons | 13+2 | |
| 4 | Scott Norman | 11+3 | |
| 5 | Dave Hamnett | 11+2 | |
| 6 | Mark Lemon | 10 | |
| 7 | Damon Richardson | 8 | |
| 8 | Jason Hawkes | 7 | |
| 9 | Cory Alderton | 7 | |
| 10 | Matthew Poole | 6 | |
| 11 | Brett Tomkins | 6 | |
| 12 | John Reid | 6 | |
| 13 | Clinton Butler | 4 | |
| 14 | Jamie Plumb | 2 | |
| 15 | Ty Platt | 1 | |
| 16 | Steven Butler | 0 | |
| 17 | Reece Davison (Res) | – | did not ride |
| 18 | Steve Graetz (Res) | – | did not ride |
# 1991 Austrian Tennis Grand Prix – Doubles

Alexia Dechaume and Pascale Paradis were the defending champions, but Dechaume did not compete this year. Paradis teamed up with Sandrine Testud and lost in the semifinals to Petra Langrová and Radka Zrubáková.
Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière and Raffaella Reggi won the title by defeating Langrová and Zrubáková 6–4, 1–6, 6–3 in the final.

## Seeds

* Claudia Kohde-Kilsch / Eva Pfaff (first round)
* Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière / Raffaella Reggi (champions)
* Petra Langrová / Radka Zrubáková (final)
* Iva Budařová / Regina Rajchrtová (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | C Kohde-Kilsch E Pfaff | 6$^3$ | 7$^7$ | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Paradis S Testud | 7$^7$ | 6$^3$ | 7 | | P Paradis S Testud | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | C Cohen S Reichel | 3 | 5 | | | A Aallonen S Schilder | 4 | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Aallonen S Schilder | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | P Paradis S Testud | 6 | 2 | 3 | | | | | |
| 3 | P Langrová R Zrubáková | 3 | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | 3 | P Langrová R Zrubáková | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | A Blumberga P Thorén | 6 | 6$^2$ | 2 | 3 | P Langrová R Zrubáková | 7 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Meier E Pampoulova | 4 | 4 | | | G Coorengel A van Buuren | 5 | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Coorengel A van Buuren | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | P Langrová R Zrubáková | 4 | 6 | 3 |
| | C Schneider P Vásquez | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | M Maleeva-Fragnière R Reggi | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| | L Lásková A Noháčová | 6 | 6 | | | L Lásková A Noháčová | 7$^9$ | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Segura H Sprung | 4 | 4 | | 4 | I Budařová R Rajchrtová | 6$^7$ | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | I Budařová R Rajchrtová | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | L Lásková A Noháčová | 3 | 3 | | | | | | |
| Q | R Bobková J Jonerup | 7$^7$ | 5 | 7 | | | | | | 2 | M Maleeva-Fragnière R Reggi | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | L Corsato V Ruano Pascual | 6$^0$ | 7 | 5 | Q | R Bobková J Jonerup | 5 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Maniokova V Milvidskaia | 4 | 4 | | 2 | M Maleeva-Fragnière R Reggi | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | M Maleeva-Fragnière R Reggi | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Arnøya

Arnøya (Norwegian) or Árdni (Northern Sami) is the 15th largest island in Norway. The 276-square-kilometre (107 sq mi) island is located in Skjervøy Municipality in Troms county. The highest peak is the 1,170-metre (3,840 ft) tall mountain Arnøyhøgda. There are regular ferry connections to the island from the nearby islands of Laukøya and Kågen, but there are no road connections to the island. Arnøy Church is located on the southern shore of the island.
The villages of Årviksand, Arnøyhamn, Akkarvik, and Lauksletta are located on the island. The island of Laukøya is located just to the east, Skjervøya and Kågen are to the southeast, and Vannøya is to the west. The Ullsfjorden lies to the west, the Lyngen fjord lies to the south, the Kvænangen fjord lies to the east, and the Norwegian Sea lies to the north.
The Lyngen Alps are located south of Arnøya and they are a popular place for extreme skiers. Arnøya is also becoming a popular skiing destination.
# Arthur Bartels

Arthur Bartels (born 12 October 1971 in Tübingen) is a German mathematician.
After completing his Abitur in Wiesbaden and then Zivildienst (alternative civilian service instead of military service), Bartels studied mathematics from 1992 at the University of Mainz and the University of Manchester with Diplom in Mainz in 1997 under Matthias Kreck with Diplom thesis Morsetheorie und Faserbündel über den Kreis (Morse theory and fiber bundles over the circle). Bartels received his PhD in 1999 under the direction of Peter Teichner at the University of California, San Diego with doctoral thesis Link homotopy in codimension 2. As a postdoc Bartels was at the University of Münster, where he habilitated in 2005 and was an assistant. He became in 2007 a lecturer at Imperial College London and in 2008 a full professor at the University of Münster.
He is concerned with topology, including the Farrell–Jones conjecture about the algebraic structure of the K-theory and L-theory of group rings, which he proved in special cases with colleagues; specifically, he proved the case of mapping class groups with Mladen Bestvina and the cases of hyperbolic groups and CAT(0)-groups with Wolfgang Lück and Holger Reich.
In 2018 in Rio de Janeiro Bartels was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians with talk K-theory and actions on Euclidean retracts.

## Selected publications

* Bartels, Arthur; Farrel, Tom; Jones, Lowell; Reich, Holger (2004). "On the Isomorphism Conjecture in algebraic K-theory". Topology. 43: 157–213. arXiv:math/0108139. doi:10.1016/s0040-9383(03)00032-6. S2CID 9382291.
* Bartels, Arthur; Bestvina, Mladen (2016). "The Farrell-Jones Conjecture for mapping class groups". arXiv:1606.02844 [math.GT].
* Bartels, Arthur; Lück, Wolfgang (2012). "The Borel Conjecture for hyperbolic and CAT(0)-groups". Annals of Mathematics. 175 (2): 631–689. arXiv:0901.0442. doi:10.4007/annals.2012.175.2.5. S2CID 16299041.
* Bartels, Arthur (2012). "On proofs of the Farrell-Jones Conjecture". arXiv:1210.1044 [math.GT].
* Bartels, Arthur; Rosenthal, David (2006). "On the K-theory of groups with finite asymptotic dimension". arXiv:math/0605088.
* Bartels, Arthur; Lück, Wolfgang; Reich, Holger (2008). "On the Farrell-Jones Conjecture and its applications". Journal of Topology. 1: 57–86. arXiv:math/0703548. doi:10.1112/jtopol/jtm008. S2CID 17731576.
* Bartels, Arthur; Lück, Wolfgang; Reich, Holger (2007). "The K-theoretic Farrell-Jones Conjecture for hyperbolic groups". Inventiones Mathematicae. 172 (1): 29–70. arXiv:math/0701434. Bibcode:2007InMat.172...29B. doi:10.1007/s00222-007-0093-7. S2CID 8627226.
# 1991 Paraguayan Primera División season

The 1991 season of the Paraguayan Primera División, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 12 teams. The national champions were Sol de América.

## Results
### First stage

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Olimpia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | Cerro Corá | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | Colegiales | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | Sportivo Luqueño | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | Cerro Porteño | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | Guaraní | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7 | Libertad | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | River Plate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 9 | Sol de América | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | San Lorenzo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 11 | Nacional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 12 | Sport Colombia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Second stage

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Cerro Porteño | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | Olimpia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | Colegiales | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | Sol de América | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | Nacional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | Guaraní | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7 | San Lorenzo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | Cerro Corá | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 9 | Sportivo Luqueño | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | River Plate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 11 | Sport Colombia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 12 | Libertad | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Quarterfinals
#### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Cerro Porteño | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | Sol de América | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | Nacional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | Sportivo Luqueño | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

#### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Guaraní | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | Olimpia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | Cerro Corá | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | Colegiales | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Arraias River

Arraias River may refer to several rivers in Brazil:
* Arraias River (Mato Grosso)
* Arraias River (Pará)
* Arraias River (Tocantins)
* Arraias do Araguaia River
# Artalyta Suryani

Artalyta Suryani, also known as Ayin (born February 19, 1962) is an Indonesian entrepreneur known for her involvement in the BLBI (Bantuan Likuiditas Bank Indonesia, Bank Indonesia Liquidity Support) prosecutor graft case. On July 29, 2008, Artalyta was found guilty by the Jakarta Corruption Court and sentenced to five years in prison for bribing Urip Tri Gunawan, chairman of the BLBI investigating prosecutor team, for 660,000 US dollar. The case also implicated a number of officials of the Attorney General's Office of Indonesia, resulting in their resignation or dismissal.

## Controversies
### Land dispute

Siti Hartati Murdaya filed a lawsuit against Artalyta Suryani for illegally using the land in Buol Regency managed by Hartati's company PT Cipta Cakra Murdaya. Artalyta countered this by claiming that PT Cipta Cakra Murdaya have had no operating license since 1999. Court proceedings revealed that while PT Cipta Cakra Murdaya was awarded the location permit in 1994 by the regent of Buol, the business permit was awarded in 2011 to PT Sonokeling Buana, while PT Cipta Cakra Murdaya was obstructed from obtaining the permits.

### Graft

Artalyta was arrested by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in early March 2008, a day after Urip Tri Gunawan was arrested in possession of 660,000 US dollar in cash. Urip was the chairman of the prosecutor team investigating the Bank Indonesia Liquidity Support (BLBI, Bantuan Likuiditas Bank Indonesia) case, which involved business tycoon Sjamsul Nursalim. Deputy Attorney General Kemas Yahya Rahman stopped the investigation on February 29, 2008. A conversation between Artalyta, Urip and Kemas wiretapped by KPK indicated that Artalyta committed bribery to influence the investigation. Artalyta pleaded not guilty, claiming the money was intended to help Gunawan's garage business. The court declined the plea and considered Artalyta's unclear statements in court as an aggravating factor. Artalyta was sentenced to five years in prison and a fine of 250 million rupiah, which was the maximum possible sentence for bribing a government official.

### Lavish prison

In January 2010, a surprise inspection of the Pondok Bambu Women's Prison revealed that Artalyta's cell was equipped with various special facilities. These included an improved bed, sofa, cupboards, television, air conditioning, and baby care products for her adopted baby. She also employed three maids. According to actress and fellow inmate Zarima Mirafsur, this special treatment was in return for Artalyta's "contributions" to the prison.
# Armenicum

Armenicum is a drug invented in Armenia in 1998 that its developers claim is an effective treatment for HIV infection and a number of associated diseases. No rigorously monitored clinical trials of Armenicum have been published, and most HIV experts outside of Armenia do not endorse its use.

## Efficacy

In 1999, a BBC investigation involving interviews with scientists involved in administering the drug, patients and creator Alexander Ilyin raised serious doubts about the drug's efficacy, concluding that Armenicum might do more harm than good. Dr. Manfred Dietrich of the Institute for Tropical Medicine in Hamburg told the BBC "I would not recommend at all to take such a drug." while an American patient said "we’re in a worse state than we were before we went."

## Ingredients

The main ingredient of Armenicum is iodine, a general antiseptic. According to the manufacturers it also contains dextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium, potassium and lithium cations and chloride anions. It is described as a "blue-violet liquid with specific odor, packed in orange glass bottles per 20ml and corked tightly by a rubber plug clutched by aluminum caps."

## Clinical studies

Clinical studies of the drug (1998–2000) were carried out in the Intensive Care Unit of the 1st Infectious Clinical Hospital in Yerevan: head of department, Ph.D. Petr Artishchev (1994–2000). Phase 2A of clinical trials revealed a good tolerance of the drug, a certain direction of adverse events, which constituted an insignificant percentage of the number of observations. Laboratory diagnostics of the tests under study was carried out by the "Prom-Test" Laboratory as a Central laboratory. The head: Arthur Melkonyan. The scientific supervisor from the beginning of the study and until the end of his life was the head of Infectious Diseases department of Yerevan State Medical University, Ph.D. Levon Mkhitaryan (d. 2009). General management was entrusted to Prof. Emil Gabrielyan (d. 2010) – Director of the Republican Pharmacological Agency, who was a Minister of Health of the Armenian SSR in the past.

## Company

Later, the formed CJSC “Armenicum” acquired the buildings and the land of the 1st Infectious Clinical Hospital (2000). The reconstructed building was renamed into the “Armenicum Medical Center”, which to this day is engaged in the treatment of HIV infection and works on government orders.

## Kolesnikov controversy

On 8 September 2000, Nikolai Kolesnikov, who had received treatment for AIDS in "Armenicum" center in Armenia was reported dead in one of Kaliningrad hospitals. According to his doctors, Armenicum turned out to be a simple immunity modular, without any effect on the virus which continues to damage the cells in the human body.
In March 2005, Kolesnikov was reported to have frozen to death in his native Kaliningrad. There have been several other reports on his death over the years.