OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Astronaut family

An astronaut family is a family unit where the members reside in different countries across the world—in contrast to a "nuclear family". The astronaut family represents the growing transnationalism of peoples' identities that accompanies the growing globalization.
The term was coined by Aihwa Ong in her publication Flexible Citizenship: The cultural logics of transnationality in 1999. The term is especially used to describe Chinese families, who have spread across the globe.

## Description

Astronaut families was a new economic source started in the early 80s for Chinese to migrate abroad and work under contracts or settle down and then send money and earnings back home to support family left in the home land. Hong Kong and Taiwan were the first centered astronaut families. Leading destinations to migrate to include Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US. The unique characteristic of astronaut families is the distribution of multiple family members to other countries maintaining the links of all back in their original land. The head of the family (father), usually travels to secure family interests. Women stay in the home country to care for children, but in the case that they go to work, grandparents take the role for caring for children. One main reason for the astronaut family is to promote foreign business and open international markets in key economic areas. The term Taai Hung Yahn (Chinese: 太空人; Cantonese Yale: taai hùng yàhn) defines the families that sent a member abroad while they worked and had businesses at home in Hong Kong. Three ironic meanings are "taai hung" as outer space, the whole phrase associated as the idea of a person located among different places, and the expression can also be a play on words meaning "man without a wife". Semantic play refers to astronaut as a man and in these families men often do leave, while women stay as housewives in the host country. During the 1980s and 1990s, a substantial migration of Chinese families from Hong Kong and Taiwan brought a visible influx of wealth to Canada.

## Impact on family

Transnational living arrangements may impact children negatively or positively depending on characteristics of both the child and parent. It is possible that a child may benefit economically if the migrated parent is sending financial resources over. However, the child may be impacted negatively due to being separated from his or her parents for a prolonged amount of time. Children often do better emotionally when their father migrates than when their mother migrates.
In certain transnational families, such as the Vietnamese transnational family, role shifts sometimes occur if a mother migrates, rather than the father. Men sometimes experience shifts in household labor division, resulting in men doing more care work.
# Aonach Buidhe

Aonach Buidhe (899 m) is a remote mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Ross and Cromarty in northwest Scotland. The nearest village is Dornie.
The usual route is from the southeast which goes through Glen Elchaig.
# Aphrodite fritillary

The Aphrodite fritillary (Speyeria aphrodite) is a fritillary butterfly, from North America.
This orange coloured fritillary has rows of dark dots or chevrons at the wing edges and black or brown lines more proximally. The ventral sides of the wings are also orange with several rows of white dots. Its wingspan is between 51 and 73 mm.
Aphrodite fritillaries are sensitive to temperature with population trajectories showing declines in response to climate warming trends.

## Subspecies

Listed alphabetically:
* S. a. alcestis (Edwards, 1876)
* S. a. byblis (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
* S. a. columbia (H. Edwards, 1877)
* S. a. ethene (Hemming, 1933)
* S. a. manitoba (F. & R. Chermock, 1940)
* S. a. whitehousei (Gunder, 1932)
* S. a. winni (Gunder, 1932)

## Similar species

* Atlantis fritillary (Speyeria atlantis)
* Great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele)
* Northwestern fritillary (Speyeria hesperis)
# 1979 African Badminton Championships

The 1979 African Badminton Championships was a continental stage tournament to crown the best badminton squads and players in Africa. The tournament was marked as the inaugural edition of the African Badminton Championships. The tournament took place from 10 to 20 April 1979 at the Kumasi Technical Institute in Kumasi, Ghana.
Originally, the tournament was scheduled to be played in August 1979, with six countries participating in the tournament. Due to the competition date being changed repeatedly, Mozambique and Nigeria decided to pull out of the tournament. Zambia sent two junior players to compete in the junior events but reached the wrong venue and had to withdraw from the competition.
The men's team event was won by Kenya while Tanzania clinched the women's team title. Hosts Ghana had to settle for bronze.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's team | Kenya Moez Alibhai Andy Nicol Amjid Rasul Narendra K. Shah Rajesh Shah Pradesh Sodha | Tanzania Ali Abed Fuad Ahmed Raju Chiplunkar Mukesh Nathwani Mukesh Shah | Ghana Kodjo Asamoah Ralph Bannerman-Wood Ralph Defoe Paul Kodjo Kumah Mario Kwami Frank Kwami |
| Women's team | Tanzania Esther Mosha S. Chiplunkar Fatma Selemani | Kenya Shamin Noormohamed Chris Maskell Naila Valani | Ghana Nelly Akainyah Abigail Haizel Phyllis Nimako-Boateng |
| Junior mixed team | Kenya | Tanzania | Ghana |

### Medal table

* Host nation (Ghana)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Kenya | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | Tanzania | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 3 | Ghana* | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
# Apocynum venetum

Apocynum venetum, commonly known as sword-leaf dogbane, is a plant species in the dogbane family that is poisonous but used as a source of fiber, medicine, and nectar for production of honey.

## Distribution and habitat

Apocynum venetum is considered to be native to a wide range in northern Asia and Southeast Europe: Italy, Bulgaria, Romania, Ex-Yugoslavia, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia, Siberia, Central Asia, Iran, Iraq, Cyprus, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, and Japan. It grows in swamps, wet places, and maritime sands.

## Uses

Apocynum venetum fibers can be extracted from the A. venetum bast; these fibers possess the luster of silk, smoothness of ramie, malleability of cashmere, and the softness of cotton. Apocynum venetum leaves have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension.

## Subspecies

Subspecies include:
* Apocynum venetum subsp. armenum (Pobed.) ined. – Turkey, Iran, Caucasus
* Apocynum venetum subsp. basikurumon (H.Hara) ined. – Japan
* Apocynum venetum subsp. lancifolium (Russanov) ined. – Siberia, China (including Tibet + Xinjiang), Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
* Apocynum venetum subsp. russanovii (Pobed.) ined. – Ostriv Dzharylhach Peninsula in Ukraine
* Apocynum venetum subsp. sarmatiense (Woodson) ined. – Bulgaria, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Caucasus
* Apocynum venetum subsp. scabrum (Russanov) ined. – Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan
* Apocynum venetum subsp. tauricum (Pobed.) ined. – Cape St. Ilya in Crimea
* Apocynum venetum subsp. venetum – Italy
# Aponotoreas synclinalis

Aponotoreas synclinalis (also known as the Wirerush looper) is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by George Vernon Hudson in 1903 as Notoreas synclinalis from a type specimen discovered by Alfred Philpott at Seaward Moss near Invercargill on 4 January 1900. In 1986 R. C. Craw described the new genus Aponotoreas and included A. synclinalis within it.

## Distribution

This moth is common in upland areas of the Catlins, Longwood Range and Stewart Island. It is also present in south-west Fiordland. It is unusual as it is only one of two species in its genus where specimens have been collected at sea level.

## Behaviour

This species is day flying and is on the wing from January until March.

## Host plants

The host plant of the larvae of A. synclinalis is Empodisma minus, the lesser wire rush, and in alpine areas of Stewart Island is Dracophyllum politum.
# 1979 Hitachi Trophy

The 1979 Hitachi Trophy was a non-championship race open to Formula Two and Formula Atlantic cars. The race was held at Brands Hatch on 15 April 1979 as a support race for the 1979 Race of Champions. It was won by British driver Norman Dickson in the Dickson's of Perth's March-Hart 792. The Formula Atlantic class win went to Ray Mallock, who finished in fourth place in the overall standings.

## Report
### Entry

Only nine F2 cars were entered for the event, however of those, only seven took part in qualifying and race compared with the maximum grid of 26 starters which took part in the European Formula 2 race at Thruxton the next day. An additional 16 Formula Atlantic cars were entered, of which five of these did not arrive.

### Qualifying

Norman Dickson took pole position, with a lap time of 1:26.2. This time would have placed Dickson 19th on the grid for the Race of Champions race being run the same day. John Cooper was only one tenth of a second behind in his March-Hart 792, with Divina Galica took an encouraging third place. Next up was Ray Mallock's Ralt-Ford RT1 who was the top Formula Atlantic qualifier in fourth place.

### Race

After 25 laps of the Brands Hatch Grand Prix circuit, Dickson took the chequered flag after 35:16.1 mins. of racing, averaging a speed of 111.16 mph. Second place went to Galica, who was the only other driver on the lead lap. She was too eager at the start, however and incurred a 60sec penalty for a false start. Brian Robinson rounded out the podium for the F2 brigade.

## Classification
### Race

| Pos. | Class Pos. | Driver | Entrant | Car - Engine | Time, Laps | Reason Out |
| 1 | F2 - 1 | Norman Dickson | Dickson's of Perth | March-Hart 792 | 35:16.1 | |
| 2 | F2 - 2 | Divina Galica | Divina Galica | March-Hart 792 | 37:21.8 | incl 60sec pen. for false start |
| 3 | F2 - 3 | Brian Robinson | Grange Performance Cars | Chevron-Hart B42 | 24 | |
| 4 | FA - 1 | Ray Mallock | Mario Deliotti Racing | Ralt-Ford RT1 | 35:31.6, 24 | |
| 5 | FA - 2 | Bernard Hunter | | Ralt-Ford RT1 | 24 | |
| 6 | FA - 3 | Phil Dowsett | Wilding Office Equipment/Glaister Card Shops | March-Ford 79B | 24 | |
| 7 | F2 - 4 | Germain Garon | Germain Garon | Chevron-Hart B42 | 23 | |
| 8 | FA - 4 | Martin Mansell | | Lola-Ford T360 | 23 | |
| 9 | FA - 5 | Roger Andreason | | Druid-Ford 79A | 23 | |
| 10 | FA - 6 | Geoff Byman | | March-Ford 75B | 23 | |
| DNF | FA | Alo Lawler | L&B Excavations Racing | Lola-Ford T760 | 15 | Collision with Jeffrey |
| DNF | FA | Andrew Jeffrey | The Hope Scott Garage | Chevron-Ford B49 | 15 | Collision with Lawler |
| DNF | F2 | John Cooper | JC Racing | March-Hart 792 | 11 | Clutch |
| DNF | F2 | Lucien Lampach | Allomo Racing | Lampach | 7 | Engine |
| DNF | F2 | Tony Dean | AG Dean Racing | Chevron-Hart B42 | 5 | Gear selectors |
| DNF | FA | Jim Crawford | SDC Racing | Chevron-Ford B45 | 1 | Accident |
| DNF | FA | Rick Gorne | Barratt Developments Racing with Anglia Cars | Argo-Ford JM1X | 0 | Accident |
| DNS | FA | Dave Allen | Savon Team Uniroyal | Surtees-Ford TS10 | | |
* Fastest lap: Norman Dickson, 1:23.3.
# 1977–78 Scottish Second Division

The 1977–78 Scottish Second Division was won by Clyde who, along with second placed Raith Rovers, were promoted to the First Division. Brechin City finished bottom.

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion |
| 1 | Clyde (C, P) | 39 | 21 | 11 | 7 | 71 | 32 | +39 | 53 | Promotion to the First Division |
| 2 | Raith Rovers (P) | 39 | 19 | 15 | 5 | 63 | 34 | +29 | 53 | Promotion to the First Division |
| 3 | Dunfermline Ath | 39 | 18 | 12 | 9 | 64 | 41 | +23 | 48 | |
| 4 | Berwick Rangers | 39 | 16 | 16 | 7 | 68 | 51 | +17 | 48 | |
| 5 | Falkirk | 39 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 51 | 46 | +5 | 44 | |
| 6 | Forfar Athletic | 39 | 17 | 8 | 14 | 61 | 55 | +6 | 42 | |
| 7 | Queen's Park | 39 | 13 | 15 | 11 | 52 | 51 | +1 | 41 | |
| 8 | Albion Rovers | 39 | 16 | 8 | 15 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 40 | |
| 9 | East Stirlingshire | 39 | 15 | 8 | 16 | 55 | 65 | −10 | 38 | |
| 10 | Cowdenbeath | 39 | 13 | 8 | 18 | 75 | 78 | −3 | 34 | |
| 11 | Stranraer | 39 | 13 | 7 | 19 | 54 | 63 | −9 | 33 | |
| 12 | Stenhousemuir | 39 | 10 | 10 | 19 | 43 | 67 | −24 | 30 | |
| 13 | Meadowbank Thistle | 39 | 6 | 10 | 23 | 43 | 89 | −46 | 22 | |
| 14 | Brechin City | 39 | 7 | 6 | 26 | 45 | 73 | −28 | 20 | |
# Appendix J Touring Cars

Appendix J Touring Cars was an Australian motor racing category for modified, production based sedans. It was the premier form of Touring car racing in Australia from 1960 to 1964.
The category was introduced by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport to take effect from January 1960. Prior to the introduction of Appendix J, there had been no national regulations for touring car racing in Australia with individual race promoters applying differing rules regarding eligibility and modification of the cars being raced. Under Appendix J, eligibility was restricted to closed cars with seating for four persons and at least one hundred examples of the model had to have been produced. Bodywork and interior trim had to remain virtually standard; however, engines and suspensions could be modified to improve performance and handling. Modifications were permitted in the areas of carburettors, valves, pistons, camshafts, inlet systems, exhaust systems, springs and shock absorbers. Cars competed in numerous classes based on engine capacity with the regulations allowing an increase in capacity up to the limit of the relevant class. Many highly modified cars which were no longer eligible to compete as Touring Cars found a home in another new CAMS category, Appendix K. This was ostensibly for GT cars but in reality allowed virtually any form of closed vehicle to participate
The Australian Touring Car Championship was open to cars complying with Appendix J from its inception in 1960 up to and including the 1964 title. The inaugural Australian Touring Car Championship race at Gnoo Blas circuit at Orange, New South Wales on 1 February 1960 was in fact the first race to be staged for Appendix J cars.
From January 1965, Appendix J was replaced by a new category, Group C for Improved Production Touring Cars.
In 1981 CAMS introduced the Group N Touring Cars category which was intended to recreate the style of racing which had existed under the Appendix J rules. Originally Group N was restricted to cars manufactured before January 1965; however, this was later extended to permit models produced up to the end of 1972.
# Aotearoa Music Award for Radio Airplay Record of the Year

The Radio Airplay Record of the Year is an Aotearoa Music Award presented annually to songs by local artists that receive high airplay. It was first presented in 2004 to Goldenhorse for "Maybe Tomorrow". No award was presented in 2005, but in 2006 it was reintroduced, with The Feelers claiming it for their single "Stand Up". Brooke Fraser's "Deciphering Me" followed in 2007, while Opshop won the award in 2008 with "Maybe". In 2009, "Always on My Mind", by Tiki Taane, was awarded the title. Stan Walker twice won the award two years in a row — in 2010 with "Black Box" and in 2011 with "Choose You", and again with "Take It Easy" in 2013 and "Bulletproof" in 2014.

## Winners

| Year | Artist | Song |
| 2004 | Goldenhorse | "Maybe Tomorrow" |
| 2005 | — | — |
| 2006 | The Feelers | "Stand Up" |
| 2007 | Brooke Fraser | "Deciphering Me" |
| 2008 | Opshop | "Maybe" |
| 2009 | Tiki Taane | "Always on My Mind" |
| 2010 | Stan Walker | "Black Box" |
| 2011 | Stan Walker | "Choose You" |
| 2012 | Six60 | "Don't Forget Your Roots" |
| 2013 | Stan Walker | "Take It Easy" |
| 2014 | Stan Walker | "Bulletproof" |
| 2015 | Broods | "Mother & Father" |
| 2016 | Six60 | "White Lines" |
While nominees are not normally announced for this category, in 2004 and 2015 nominees were included.
* The non-winning nominees for 2004 were: Bic Runga - "Listening for the Weather" and Carly Binding - "We Kissed".
* The non-winning nominees for 2015 were: Benny Tipene - "Step On Up", Broods - "L.A.F.", Lorde - "Yellow Flicker Beat", Six60 - "Special".
# Apaturris

Apaturris is a genus of sea snails in the family Borsoniidae.
Species in this genus have a relatively deep anal sinus.

## Species

Species within the genus Apaturris are:
* Apaturris costifera May, 1920
* Apaturris expeditionis (Oliver, 1915)
# Apple TV (disambiguation)

Apple TV is a digital media player and microconsole.
Apple TV may also refer to:
* Apple TV app, a media player application
* Apple TV Software, the operating system for earlier Apple TV hardware
* Apple TV+, a video on demand streaming television service
# Apple Tree House

Apple Tree House is a television drama series produced by CBeebies for children ages 1 to 6. It is set on the fictitious Apple Tree House estate in London, and filmed in Bromley-by-Bow. It was produced by Five Apples Ltd for the BBC. Apple Tree House was also available on BBC iPlayer for over a year.

## History

The series was originally proposed as an animated series by Rastamouse producers Eugenio Perez and Gregory Boardman. The live action series was created by William Vanderpuye, Maria Timotheou and Akindele Akinsiku, drawing on their own childhood experiences. The CBeebies commissioner said of the show that "The urban setting is important for a lot of children. When you’re a child you do read stories and they are a bit idealistic - this will be more real and more authentic."
The first of 30 episodes was first broadcast on 22 May 2017, and a second series was commissioned that year.

## Cast
### Principal characters

* Kobi the Caretaker, played by William Vanderpuye
* Mali, played by Aamir Tai
* Sam, played by Miranda Sarfo Peprah
* Bella, played by Summer Jenkins
* David, played by Eden Gough
* Laila, played by Sahana Rameswaren-Kangesan
* Zainab, played by Shaheen Khan
* Patience, played by Andrea Hall
* Flo, played by Alison Lintott
* Katie, played by Rachael Hart
# Apstar 6C

Apstar 6C is a Chinese communications satellite which is operated by APT Satellite Holdings as part of the Apstar system.
# 40th Brigade

40th Brigade may refer to:
* 40th Naval Infantry Brigade, a unit of the Russian Navy
* 40th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States), a unit of the United States Army
* 40th Tactical Aviation Brigade, an aviation unit of the Ukrainian Air Force

## United Kingdom

* 40th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)
* 40th Brigade (United Kingdom)
* Artillery Brigades
** 40th Brigade Royal Field Artillery
# Ari Hest

Ari Hest (born June 16, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter from the Bronx borough of New York.

## Early life and education

Hest's father is a college music professor and his mother a cantor. His older brother, Danny, is Hest's former manager. Hest took piano lessons as a child and later taught himself to play guitar. Hest attended Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, beginning in 1999 and later transferred to New York University, where he received a degree in Communications in 2002.

## Career

Hest released an EP, Incomplete and two albums, Come Home and Story After Story all independently as he grew his fan base touring colleges and universities around the U.S. In March 2004, Hest signed a recording contract with Columbia and recorded the album Someone To Tell and a five-song EP "Guilty Hearts EP" in the fall of 2005. His next EP was called The Green Room Sessions, a home spun recording entirely played and produced on his own. Shortly after releasing that, he worked with producer Mitchell Froom on "The Break-In", which was his last release on Columbia.
As an independent artist once again in 2008, Hest created 52, a subscription based service in which he wrote, recorded and released a new song every week for a year. In 2009, he released Twelve Mondays, a collection of 12 fan-selected songs from those 52, remixed.
Between 2011 and 2014, Hest released three more albums - Sunset Over Hope Street (2011), The Fire Plays (2012) and Shouts and Whispers (2014). Several songs from these albums have appeared in films and TV shows.
In 2016, Ari co-wrote a number of songs with Judy Collins, and the two released an album of duets June 3 entitled Silver Skies Blue, after two years of on-and-off touring together. The album earned Hest his first Grammy Award nomination (it was Collins' first nomination in 40 years). Silver Skies Blue was nominated for Best Folk Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017 but lost to Undercurrent by Sarah Jarosz. This is not Hest's first collaboration - he has two other projects: The Open Sea with Rosi Golan, and more recently, the Brazilian guitar inspired Bluebirds of Paradise with Chrissi Poland.

## Discography

* Come Home (2001)
* Story After Story (2002)
* Someone to Tell (2004)
* I've Got You (Download only single, 2007)
* The Break-In (2007)
* 52 (2008)
* Twelve Mondays (2009)
* Sunset Over Hope Street (2011)
* The Fire Plays (2012)
* Shouts and Whispers (2014)
* Silver Skies Blue with Judy Collins (2016)
* Natural (2017)
* Against The Sky (2020)

### Extended plays

* Incomplete (1999)
* Guilty Hearts (2005)
* The Green Room Sessions (2006)
* Live at the Quick Center (2008)

### Soundtrack and other albums

* Consistency, Live from the Village Underground (2002), Project 4, included with first 1,000 copies of “Story After Story”
* Winter Break: The Movie Soundtrack (2003), Various Artists, with “Strangers Again” from Ari Hest
* DecentXposure: Volume One (2003). Various Artists, with "Consistency" from Ari Hest
* The Lincoln Lawyer soundtrack (2011) Various Artists, with "Now" from Ari Hest
* The Open Sea (with Rosi Golan), "Little Apple" EP (2010)