# Queens Surface Corporation

Queens Surface Corporation was a bus company in New York City, United States, operating local service in Queens and the Bronx and express service between Queens and Manhattan until February 27, 2005, when the MTA Bus Company took over the operations. The company was known for its orange paint scheme, used since the company's inception in the late 1930s.
Queens Surface Corporation was privately held by the Gordon and Burke families. The Queens Surface Corporation facility was located at 128-15 28th Avenue in the College Point neighborhood of Queens.

## History
### New York and Queens County Railway

The New York and Queens County Railway (NY&QC) became the largest trolley line in Queens in 1896, through the consolidation of four previous streetcar operators: Flushing and College Point Electric Railway, Long Island City and Newtown Railway, Newtown Railway, and the original Steinway Railway Company. It served Long Island City, Woodside, Astoria, North Beach, College Point, Jamaica, and even the Queensboro Bridge. Between 1903 and 1922, the NY&QC became an affiliate of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company. On June 24, 1930, the Woodside Car barn was hit with a massive fire that destroyed much of their fleet, along with the fleet of their competitors, the Steinway Railway (see below).

### Steinway Railway

The Steinway Railway operated in northwestern Queens in 1892, through the merger of the Rikers Avenue and Sanford Point Railroad and Steinway and Hunters Point Railroad, only to be acquired by NY&QC in 1896. As NY&QC faced bankruptcy in 1922, it began to sell off Steinway as a somewhat independent company. It was bought by the Third Avenue Railway System but was allowed to operate under its own name.

### Bustitution and re-merging

On February 19, 1926, NY&QC established a bus division called the Queens-Nassau Transit Lines. Queens-Nassau buses replaced all NY&QC trolleys by 1937, with the last being motorized on October 30 of that year. In the fall of 1938, the Steinway Railway was bought by Queensboro Bridge Railway Company and renamed as Steinway Omnibus. Steinway began operating buses over former Steinway Railway lines on September 29, 1939. Both companies were operated by the same management, and casually referred to as the "orange buses". Queens-Nassau was renamed Queens Transit Corporation in 1957, and Steinway Omnibus became Steinway Transit in 1959. The two companies merged again in 1986 to form the Queens/Steinway Transit Corporation. The joint company was owned by the H.E. Salzberg Company (scrap metal and short-haul railways) with father Harold Salzberg, son Murray M. Salzberg (1915-1984, aged 69) and grandson Harry Salzberg, which had ripped up the rails, running these two companies until 1988, when the Linden Bus Company acquired the routes from the aging grandson Harry Salzberg. Shortly thereafter and before operations commenced, Linden Bus Company changed its name to Queens Surface Corporation.
On February 27, 2005, the MTA Bus Company took over the operations of the Queens Surface routes, part of the city's takeover of all the remaining privately operated bus routes.

## Bus routes

Prior to MTA Bus takeover, Queens Surface operated the following routes that are now based in College Point Bus Depot, the LaGuardia Depot (the former Triboro Coach depot), and the Eastchester Depot (the former New York Bus Service depot in the Bronx).
| Route | Terminal A | Major streets of travel | Terminal B | Notes/History |
| FORMER QUEENS SURFACE CORPORATION BUS ROUTES |||||
| Bronx and Queens Local |||||
| QBx1 | Flushing Main Street and 39th Avenue near Flushing – Main Street ( 7  <7> ​ trains) | Whitestone Expressway, Hutchinson River Parkway, Bruckner Boulevard, Co-op City Boulevard | Co-op City, Bronx Earhart Lane and Erskine Place | Limited Stop Service; most service ran exclusively between Pelham Bay Park and Co-op City. Interborough service is now called the Q50. Co-op City shuttle service is now the Bx23. |
| Queens Local |||||
| Q25 | Jamaica Sutphin Boulevard and 94th Avenue at Sutphin Boulevard – Archer Avenue – JFK Airport ( E ​ ​ J ​ Z trains) and Jamaica LIRR / AirTrain Station | Parsons Boulevard, Kissena Boulevard, 127th Street | College Point Poppenhusen Avenue and 119th Street | Originally owned by Flushing Heights Bus Company, service began in 1928. Acquired by Queens–Nassau Transit, Inc. on May 25, 1933. Weekdays, Q34 also provides service between Flushing and Jamaica. The original Q25 terminus was in Flushing; it was combined with the then-Q34 route into College Point. Southern terminus moved from 160th Street and Jamaica Avenue to Parsons Boulevard and Jamaica Avenue in 2005; extended to Jamaica LIRR station on Sutphin Boulevard in 2006. |
| Q34 | Jamaica Sutphin Boulevard and 94th Avenue at Sutphin Boulevard – Archer Avenue – JFK Airport ( E ​ ​ J ​ Z trains) and Jamaica LIRR / AirTrain Station | Parsons Boulevard, Kissena Boulevard, Union Street | Whitestone Willets Point Boulevard and 149th Street | Service began in April 1933. Weekday service only. The original Q34 route was the College Point segment of the Q25; it was later rerouted to its current alignment in Whitestone and then extended along the Q25 route. Southern terminus moved from 160th Street and Jamaica Avenue to Parsons Boulevard and Jamaica Avenue in 2004; extended to Jamaica LIRR station on Sutphin Boulevard in 2007. |
| Q65 | Jamaica Sutphin Boulevard and 94th Avenue at Sutphin Boulevard – Archer Avenue – JFK Airport ( E ​ ​ J ​ Z trains) and Jamaica LIRR / AirTrain Station | 164th Street, 45th Avenue, College Point Boulevard | College Point 14th Avenue and 110th Street | Service started on August 10, 1937, to replace Flushing–Jamaica Line and College Point Line streetcar service. Southern terminus moved from 160th Street and Jamaica Avenue to Parsons Boulevard and Jamaica Avenue in 2004; extended to Jamaica LIRR station on Sutphin Boulevard in 2007. |
| Q65A | Forest Hills Queens Boulevard and 71st Avenue at Forest Hills – 71st Avenue ( E ​ F  <F> ​ M ​ R trains) | Jewel Avenue | Electchester 164th Street and Jewel Avenue | Service started in 1951. Renumbered as Q64 in 2007. |
| Q66 | Long Island City 28th Street and Queens Plaza South at Queensboro Plaza ( 7  <7> ​​ N ​ W trains) and Queens Plaza ( E ​ M ​ R trains) | 21st Street, 35th Avenue, Northern Boulevard | Flushing Main Street and 39th Avenue near Flushing – Main Street ( 7  <7> ​ trains) | Service started on September 5, 1937, to replace streetcar service. Original terminus was at 51st Street in Woodside; extended to Queens Plaza in 1989. |
| Q67 | Long Island City 28th Street and Queens Plaza South at Queensboro Plaza ( 7  <7> ​​ N ​ W trains) and Queens Plaza ( E ​ M ​ R trains) | 21st Street, Borden Avenue, 55th Avenue, 69th Street | Middle Village Metropolitan Avenue and Fresh Pond Road | Service started on October 30, 1937, to replace streetcar service. Original Middle Village terminal replaced by Fresh Pond Road terminal after the Metro Mall in Middle Village was built and opened in 1974. The mall sits on some of the side streets that were formerly used to turn buses, therefore the route was extended several blocks west to Fresh Pond Road, and uses Eliot Avenue to turn around back on to Metropolitan Avenue. |
| Queens-Manhattan express |||||
| QM2 | Midtown Manhattan 6th Avenue | Manhattan: 34th Street, 6th Avenue (or 3rd Avenue), 57th Street (Manhattan bound), 59th Street (Queens bound) Queens: Whitestone Expressway service road (weekdays only), Parsons Boulevard (weekends only), Cross Island Parkway service road | Bay Terrace Bay Terrace Shopping Center | Bayside-Whitestone Express, via 6th Avenue or 3rd Avenue Operated by Queens Transit from 1969 until June 30, 1988. Operated by Queens Surface Corporation from July 1, 1988, until MTA takeover on February 27, 2005. Last Manhattan bound dropoff is at 57th Street and 3rd Avenue. Last Queens bound pickup is on 59th Street and Lexington Avenue. Rerouted away from Whitestone Expressway Service Road to serve Parsons Boulevard on weekends on April 6, 2014. Rerouted away from 57th Street onto 59th Street in the Queens bound direction on August 24, 2015. 3rd Ave route split off to new route QM32 in early September 2016 |
| QM2A | Midtown Manhattan 6th Avenue | Manhattan: 34th Street, 6th Avenue, 57th Street (Manhattan bound), 59th Street (Queens bound) Queens: Willets Point Boulevard, Utopia Parkway, 26th Avenue | Bay Terrace Corporal Kennedy Street and 23rd Avenue | Clearview, Linden & Mitchell Express Weekday service only. Operated by Queens Transit from 1971 until June 30, 1988. Operated by Queens Surface Corporation from July 1, 1988, until MTA takeover on February 27, 2005. Last Manhattan bound dropoff is at 57th Street and 3rd Avenue. Last Queens bound pickup is at 59th Street and Lexington Avenue. Rerouted off of 57th Street and onto 59th Street in the Queens bound direction on August 24, 2015. Renumbered to QM20 from QM2A in September 2011. |
| QM3 | Midtown Manhattan 6th Avenue | Manhattan: 34th Street, 6th Avenue, 57th Street (Manhattan bound), 59th Street (Queens bound) Queens: Northern Boulevard, Little Neck Parkway. | Little Neck Little Neck Parkway and Horace Harding Expressway | Deepdale-Douglaston Express Originally Operated by Queens Transit from 1970 until 1988. Temporarily operated by Caravan Transit from 1988 until 1990. Operated by Queens Surface Corporation from 1990 until MTA takeover in 2005. Last drop off is on 57th Street and 3rd Avenue. Last pick up to Queens is on 59th Street and Lexington Avenue. Queens bound buses taken off 57th Street and put onto 59th Street on August 24, 2015. |
| QM4 | Midtown Manhattan 6th Avenue | Manhattan: 34th Street, 6th Avenue (or 3rd Avenue), 57th Street Queens: Jewel Avenue | Electchester 164th Street and Horace Harding Expressway | Jewel Avenue Express Operated by Queens Transit from 1971 until 1988. Operated by Queens Surface Corporation from 1988 until MTA takeover in 2005. Last dropoff is at 57th Street and 3rd Avenue. Former 3rd Avenue service relabeled to QM44 on July 5, 2016. |
| FORMER STEINWAY TRANSIT BUS ROUTES |||||
| Queens Local |||||
| Q101 | East Midtown, Manhattan East 61st Street and 2nd Avenue | Northern Boulevard, Steinway Street, 20th Avenue | Steinway 77th Street and Hazen Street | Service started on November 1, 1939, to replace Steinway Street Line streetcar service. Formerly operated by Steinway Transit until 1988, and then by Queens Surface Corporation until takeover in 2005. Travels between Manhattan and Queens via the Queensboro Bridge. Original northern terminus was Rikers' Island; when the Q101R (now Q100) was created, service was truncated to 19th Avenue. Prior to the creation of the Q101R, this route was the ONLY local bus route to traverse three boroughs, since Rikers' Island is located in The Bronx. |
| Q101R | Long Island City Jackson Avenue and Queens Plaza South at Queensboro Plaza ( 7  <7> ​​ N ​ W trains) and Queens Plaza ( E ​ M ​ R trains) | 21st Street, 20th Avenue | Rikers Island, Bronx | Started service in the 1980s. Formerly operated by Queens Surface Corporation until takeover in 2005. Renumbered as Q100 on April 6, 2008. Originally non-stop between Long Island City and Rikers Island parking lot. Limited-stop service along 21st Street began on February 1, 2009. |
| Q102 | Roosevelt Island, Manhattan Coler-Goldwater Hospital | Main Street (Manhattan), Vernon Boulevard, 31st Street, 30th Avenue | Astoria 27th Avenue and 2nd Street | Service started on September 29, 1939, to replace a Steinway Streetcar. Formerly operated by Steinway Transit until 1988, and then by Queens Surface Corporation until takeover in 2005. Travels between Manhattan and Queens via the Roosevelt Island Bridge. Newtown Avenue, Crescent Street, and Astoria Boulevard segment discontinued in favor of operating via 30th Avenue on June 29, 2014. |
| Q103 | Hunters Point Borden Avenue and Vernon Boulevard at Vernon Boulevard – Jackson Avenue ( 7  <7> ​ trains) and Long Island City LIRR station | Vernon Boulevard | Astoria 27th Avenue and 2nd Street | Service started on September 29, 1939, to replace a Steinway Streetcar. Formerly operated by Steinway Transit until 1988, and then by Queens Surface Corporation until takeover in 2005. Weekend service added on June 29, 2014 |
| Q104 | Ravenswood Vernon Boulevard and 34th Avenue | Broadway, 48th Street | Sunnyside 48th Street and Queens Boulevard at 46th Street – Bliss Street ( 7 train) | Service started on September 29, 1939, to replace a Steinway Streetcar. Formerly operated by Steinway Transit until 1988, and then by Queens Surface Corporation until takeover in 2005. |
| Queens-Manhattan express |||||
| QM1 | Midtown Manhattan 6th Avenue or Downtown Manhattan Downtown Loop | Manhattan: 34th Street, 6th Avenue, 57th Street Queens: Union Turnpike, 188th Street | Fresh Meadows 188th Street and 64th Avenue | Fresh Meadows Express Operates during rush hours only, off peak service available via QM5 Off-peak service discontinued on December 31, 2015 Began service on February 26, 1968; operated by Steinway Transit from 1968 until 1988. Last dropoff from Queens is at 57th Street. Downtown trips redesignated QM7 in June 2010. Former 3rd Ave branch split off to new QM31 in early September 2016 |
| QM1A | Midtown Manhattan 6th Avenue or Downtown Manhattan Downtown Loop | Manhattan: 34th Street, 6th Avenue, 57th Street Queens: Union Turnpike, 73rd Avenue, Horace Harding Expressway, Lakeville Road | Glen Oaks 260th Street and Union Turnpike or Lake Success North Shore Towers | Glen Oaks-Windsor Park Express, and Lake Success Express (a.k.a.; North Shore Towers Express) Operated by Steinway Transit from 1968 until 1988. Temporarily operated by Caravan Transit from 1988 until 1990. Operated by Queens Surface Corporation from 1988 or 1990 until MTA takeover in 2005. Last dropoff from Queens is at 57th Street. Glen Oaks-Windsor Park Express redesignated QM5 in June 2010. Lake Success Express redesignated QM6 in June 2010. Downtown trips redesignated QM8 in June 2010. Former 3rd Avenue service on QM5 relabeled QM35 in September 2016 Former 3rd Avenue service on QM6 relabeled QM36 in early September 2016 Peak service only. QM8 operates from Glen Oaks bypassing Fresh Meadows. QM8 AM super express service serves Fresh Meadows. |

## Depots
### Queens Surface depot

Queens Surface's depot was located at 128-15 28th Avenue in the College Point section of Queens, near the printing plant of The New York Times and the former site of Flushing Airport. It was built in 1997 by the NYCDOT, and leased to Queens Surface. Many buses under Queens Surface used compressed natural gas (CNG). It is now the College Point Depot of the MTA Bus Company.
40°46′24″N 73°50′27″W﻿ / ﻿40.773378°N 73.840804°W﻿ / 40.773378; -73.840804

### Steinway Transit depot

The Steinway Transit depot, built in 1939, was located at the northwest corner of Steinway Street and 20th Avenue in Astoria, Queens, near the northern terminus of the company's Q101 route. It was the successor to the Steinway Railway depot. The trolley depot sat across from the Daimler Manufacturing Company automobile factory, opened in 1890 by Gottlieb Daimler and local businessman William Steinway. The bus depot was closed prior to the company's takeover by the city, and has long been demolished, and replaced by new apartment buildings, similar to what was done at the old West Farms Depot site.
40°46′36″N 73°54′06″W﻿ / ﻿40.776744°N 73.901683°W﻿ / 40.776744; -73.901683

### Woodside Garage

The Woodside Garage was located at 51-00 Northern Boulevard, at the southeast corner 51st Street and Northern Boulevard in Woodside, Queens, adjacent to the Winfield Junction of the Long Island Rail Road. It was the original headquarters of Queens-Nassau Transit. It was also the successor to the NY&QC Woodside Trolley Barn, which opened in 1896 and burned down on June 24, 1930. The front facade of the trolley barn survives as a Verizon store in the Tower Square Shopping Center.
40°45′10″N 73°54′36″W﻿ / ﻿40.752684°N 73.910128°W﻿ / 40.752684; -73.910128