OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ashok Leyland 12M

The 12M is a bus chassis range manufactured by Indian vehicle manufacturer Ashok Leyland. The "12M" denotes the chassis length which is 11.7 meters. This chassis is primarily aimed at Inter state bus operators has a good presence in Indian roads. The front engine rear wheel driven bus was introduced in 2000s. Currently this chassis is provided with diesel engine only. The chassis has various options like air conditioner, retarder, full air suspension, automated transmission.

## BS II

In the BS II range the bus had 4 engine options, 113 hp (84 kW), 164 hp (122 kW), 177 hp (132 kW) and 205 hp (153 kW). All the engines were turbo charged and inter-cooled. All variants had 6 speed synchromesh gearbox with overdrive and radial tyres except the 113 hp (84 kW) variant which had 5 Speed synchromesh gearbox and cross-ply tyres. The top end 205 hp (153 kW) chassis provided with optional air conditioning, retarder and air suspension.
* ALPSV 4/106
* ALPSV 4/107
* ALPSV 4/114
* ALPSV 4/86

## BS III

The company offered the model with 3 engine options when BS III norms become mandatory. 164 hp, 180 hp (130 kW) and 225 hp (168 kW). The 225 hp variant ALPSV 4/225, was the early bus chassis apart from Volvo buses, to offer common rail diesel engines in BS III platform. The buses also featured 'H' Series engines. The 165 engine came with inline fuel injection pump (FIP) while 180 hp version had electronic diesel control (EDC). All variants came with 6 speed synchromesh overdrive gearbox and optional anti braking system (ABS). The 225 hp engine variant had electromagnetic retarder with an optional Leymatic automated manual transmission.
* ALPSV 4/157
* ALPSV 4/160
* ALPSV 4/169
* ALPSR 3/33 Rear Engine

## BS IV

In BS IV lineup all engines featured common rail with the addition of SCR and i-EGR to meet BS IV norms. The low end 165 hp engine featured Ashok Leyland's indigenous i-EGR while 177 hp, 221 hp had SCR. ABS become a standard fitment. Tyre can be chosen between radials and tubeless radials.
# Visage (EP)

Visage is the name of a compilation EP by the British synth-pop band Visage, released in July 1981 by Polydor Records.

## Background

The 5-track EP was released only in the U.S. and Canada, and featured extended dance mixes of "Fade to Grey", "Frequency 7" and "We Move", the latter two being the B-sides of the "Mind of a Toy" 12" single. Two other tracks were also included, "Blocks on Blocks" and "Tar", both from Visage's debut album.

## Track listing

    A1. "We Move" (Dance Mix) – 6:28
    A2. "Frequency 7" (Dance Mix) – 5:03
    B1. "Blocks on Blocks" – 3:56
    B2. "Fade to Grey" (Dance Mix) – 6:44
    B3. "Tar" – 3:31
# Partial Information Decomposition

Partial Information Decomposition is an extension of information theory, that aims to generalize the pairwise relations described by information theory to the interaction of multiple variables.

## Motivation

Information theory can quantify the amount of information a single source variable $X_{1}$ has about a target variable $Y$ via the mutual information $I(X_{1};Y)$. If we now consider a second source variable $X_{2}$, classical information theory can only describe the mutual information of the joint variable $\{X_{1},X_{2}\}$ with $Y$, given by $I(X_{1},X_{2};Y)$. In general however, it would be interesting to know how exactly the individual variables $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ and their interactions relate to $Y$.
Consider that we are given two source variables $X_{1},X_{2}\in \{0,1\}$ and a target variable $Y=XOR(X_{1},X_{2})$. In this case the total mutual information $I(X_{1},X_{2};Y)=1$, while the individual mutual information $I(X_{1};Y)=0$. That is, there is synergistic information arising from the interaction of $X_{1},X_{2}$ about $Y$, which cannot be easily captured with classical information theoretic quantities.

## Definition

Partial information decomposition further decomposes the mutual information between the source variables $\{X_{1},X_{2}\}$ with the target variable $Y$ as
$I(X_{1},X_{2};Y)={\text{Unq}}(X_{1};Y\setminus X_{2})+{\text{Unq}}(X_{2};Y\setminus X_{1})+{\text{Syn}}(X_{1},X_{2};Y)+{\text{Red}}(X_{1},X_{2};Y)$
Here the individual information atoms are defined as
* ${\text{Unq}}(X_{1};Y\setminus X_{2})$ is the unique information that $X_{1}$ has about $Y$, which is not in $X_{2}$
* ${\text{Syn}}(X_{1},X_{2};Y)$ is the synergistic information that is in the interaction of $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ about $Y$
* ${\text{Red}}(X_{1},X_{2};Y)$ is the redundant information that is in both $X_{1}$ or $X_{2}$ about $Y$
There is, thus far, no universal agreement on how synergy can best be quantified, with different approaches that decompose information into redundant, unique, and synergistic components appearing in the literature.

## Applications

Despite the lack of universal agreement, partial information decomposition has been applied to diverse fields, including climatology, neuroscience sociology, and machine learning Partial information decomposition has also been proposed as a possible foundation on which to build a mathematically robust definition of emergence in complex systems and may be relevant to formal theories of consciousness.
# HV 888

HV 888, also known as WOH S140, is a red supergiant (RSG) star located in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It is possibly among the largest known stars, with reliable estimates of its radius ranging from 1,353 R$_☉$ to 1,584 R$_☉$, and is also one of the most luminous of its type with a range of nearly 300,000 to over 500,000 times that of the Sun (L$_☉$). The effective temperature is estimated to be around 3,500 K. If placed at the center of the Solar System, its photosphere would engulf the orbit of Jupiter.
The apparent magnitude of HV 888 is variable, with an amplitude of 0.59 magnitudes around a mean value of about 11.57. It is classified as a semiregular variable of type SRc indicating a cool supergiant. Variations in its radial velocity have led to the suggestion that it is a binary.
# Statement of managers

In the United States Congress, a Statement of Managers must accompany a conference report on legislation as negotiated by the House and the Senate.
# T-Series vs MrBeast

T-Series vs MrBeast was an online rivalry between two YouTube channels, MrBeast (run by James Donaldson) and T-Series (run by an Indian record company of the same name) for the title of the most-subscribed YouTube channel. T-Series had been the most-subscribed YouTube channel from February 2019 until June 2024. On June 1, 2024, Donaldson surpassed T-Series in subscribers for the title of the most subscribed channel on YouTube, at 267 million.

## Background and overview

James Donaldson, better known online as MrBeast, is an American YouTuber who makes challenge videos.
T-Series is an Indian music record label and film production company. On YouTube, it has a multi-channel network consisting of 29 channels (excluding Lahari Music), run by a team of 13 people. T-Series also surpassed PewDiePie in subscribers for the title of the most subscribed channel on YouTube, in 2019.
# Billy Martin (guitarist)

William Dean "Billy" Martin is an American musician best known as the guitarist and keyboardist of the pop punk band Good Charlotte.

## Early life and career

Billy Martin (born June 15, 1981) is an American musician, songwriter, producer and composer. He joined Good Charlotte as a guitarist in 1999 after disbanding his high school nu metal/grunge band, Overflow. From 2000-2009 Billy ran a clothing line called Level 27. The line featured Martin's gothic themed artwork and served as a stepping stone to his art career. He has had a successful career as an illustrator, working for companies such as Disney, Marvel, Nickelodeon, Hasbro and many more. He also appeared with his bandmates in the 2001 film Not Another Teen Movie and the television special iCarly iGo to Japan.

## Personal life

On March 1, 2008, Martin married hairstylist Linzi Williamson, whom he had been dating for eight years. On January 26, 2009, she gave birth to their first child, Dreavyn. In 2012 the couple welcomed their second son, Zander.
# Matt Clare

Matt Clare (born May 25, 1988, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) is an American soccer player who last played for Florida Tropics SC in the Major Arena Soccer League.

## Career
### Youth and amateur

Clare, who did not play college soccer, played with elite youth team Charlotte Soccer, before going on to play for IMG ACADEMY.

### Professional

Clare signed his first professional contract in 2011 when he signed with FC Tampa Bay of the North American Soccer League, having trialed with the team during pre-season. He made his professional debut on May 11, coming on as a late substitute in a game against FC Edmonton. Tampa Bay announced that the club exercised its 2012 contract option on Clare on October 5, 2011. The new contract also includes a club option for the 2013 season. Clare went on to play for the Wichita Wings in the Major Indoor Soccer League and the Wichita B-52s in the MASL. Clare signed for the San Diego Sockers in 2015 where he won 3 conference championships. Clare signed for National Premier Soccer League club FC Wichita on Feb 23, 2015 leading them to 2 conference championships. Clare has been a dominant force in the indoor game over the course of 7 years. Clare represented the United States Arena team over 4 years winning the World Cup in 2015 . Clare traveled to Tunisia to try his luck again but came up short in the quarter finals to Mexico in a heartbreaking loss.
Clare made his return to Florida on 31 January 2019, signing with Florida Tropics SC. Clare has been a dominant force in the indoor game over the course of 7 years.

## Personal

Matt is the son of former professional soccer player John Clare, who played for the Fort Lauderdale Strikers in the American Professional Soccer League in the 1990s. Matt's brother Andrew currently plays as a centerback for Tropics SC in the United Premier Soccer League.
# Retrieval-Based Voice Conversion

Retrieval-based Voice Conversion (RVC) is an open source voice conversion AI algorithm that enables highly realistic speech-to-speech transformations, preserving the intonation and audio characteristics of the original speaker.
# Muhammed Khudayr al-Dulaymi

Muhammed Khudayr al-Dulaymi was an Iraqi captured by the United States, and held in extrajudicial detention. Al Dulaymi is believed to have been a senior intelligence official during the Saddam Hussein administration. In May 2009 it became public that Vice President Dick Cheney had pushed for Al Dulaymi to be subjected to waterboarding, in order to establish that Saddam had ties to international terrorists.
# Velli Vitiyar

Velli Vitiyar was a Sangam poet. Poems by her are included in the poetry anthology Kuṟuntokai.
# NAIA Women's Lacrosse Championship

The NAIA women's lacrosse tournament is a yearly single-elimination tournament hosted by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics to determine the national champion of women's collegiate lacrosse among its members in the United States. The tournament was been played annually 2020, although the NAIA had hosted a separate NAIA women's lacrosse national invitational tournament from 2016 from 2019 before it elevated women's lacrosse as an official sport.

## Results

NCAA Division II women's lacrosse tournament :
| Year | Site (Host Team) | Championship Results | Championship Results | Championship Results |
| Year | Site (Host Team) | Champion | Score | Runner-Up |
| 2021 Details | Savannah, GA (SCAD Savannah) | Keiser | 13–11 | Cumberlands |
| 2022 Details | Southfield, MI (Lawrence Tech) | Benedictine (KS) | 9–8 | Lawrence Tech |

## Champions
### Active programs

| Team | Titles | Years |
| Benedictine (KS) | 1 | 2022 |
| Keiser | 1 | 2021 |
# Leó Festetics

Count Leó Festetics de Tolna (8 October 1800, Pécs, Hungary – 15 November 1884), was a patron of music and an amateur composer, from a prominent Croatian Hungarian family, Festetics.
He was a friend and correspondent of Franz Liszt, who dedicated to him his Hungarian Rhapsody No. 13 in A minor (1847, pub. 1853). Liszt based his Spanisches Ständchen (S. 487) on a melody provided by Count Festetics. In 1856, Festetics published his designs for a theatre (British Library collection).
# Tsunami fish

The tsunami fish is the last surviving specimen of five barred knifejaws that lived for more than two years in the partially submerged hull of the Japanese boat Saishoumaru (斎勝丸), after the boat broke loose and went adrift during the March 11, 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. On March 22, 2013, the boat washed onshore in North America at Long Beach, Washington, more than 4,000 miles (6,400 km) from its starting point. The fish, as of December of 2013, resides at the Seaside Aquarium in Seaside, Oregon.

## Tsunami and voyage

The Tōhoku earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, and was the most powerful reliably measured earthquake in Japanese history. The resulting tsunami swept the 20 foot (6.1 m) Saishoumaru out to sea and inundated its storage compartments with seawater containing marine life, including several knifejaw fry. During the ensuing two-year drift across the Pacific Ocean, the fish matured into juveniles. Scientists speculate that the fish were deposited into the ghost ship by sea waves either off the coast of Japan or Hawaii.

## Discovery

The boat was discovered beached on the Washington coast on March 22, 2013, its internal hold now forming an "aquarium" for the five knifejaws as well as more than 30 plant and invertebrate species. Four were euthanized shortly after their discovery by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, due to the concerns that the warm-water fish could become an invasive species. The fifth was brought to the city hall in a bucket, after which the Seaside Aquarium agreed to add the fish to their collection. As of late 2013, the fish is on display at the aquarium.
# St John the Evangelist's Church, Bracebridge Heath

St John The Evangelist's Church, Bracebridge Heath is a former mission church of All Saints Church, Bracebridge in Bracebridge Heath, Lincolnshire, England.

## History

The church was built between 1908 and 1910. It was built for the villagers of Bracebridge Heath until it became a civil parish in 1971 and separate from Bracebridge which later would become part of the City of Lincoln in 1974. While Bracebridge Heath would become part of the North Kesteven district that same year. The church is one of three main churches in the village. The other two are both Bracebridge Heath Methodist Church and Deeper Life Bible Church.
# Pani (Film)

Pani is a 2024 Indian Malayalam-language Thriller film written and directed by Joju George, in his directorial debut. It stars Joju George, Sagar Surya, Abhinaya and Junaiz. Movie was announced in July 2023. First look poster of the movie released in December 2023. Filming was completed in February 2024.
# Conor O'Callaghan (businessman)

Conor O'Callaghan is an American politician and business executive. He previously worked for Wall Street companies like Nomura Securities and other companies on Wall Street. He is a candidate for Arizona's 1st Congressional District as a Democrat.
O'Callaghan was born in Ireland and immigrated to Arizona with his family at a young age. He received degrees from University of Pennsylvania. He was an unindicted co-conspirator in a case against his former employer, Nomura.

## Congressional candidacy

O'Callaghan announced his intention to run for U.S. Congress in Arizona's 1st congressional district in the 2024 elections on August 1, 2023.
# Celebrity Lifestyle

"Celebrity Lifestyle" is a song by American rock band Swans, from the band's ninth studio album, The Great Annihilator. It was released as the album's lead single on October 24, 1995, via Martin Atkins' Invisible Records.

## Lyrics

According to Neva Chonin of the San Francisco Bay Guardian, the song "lays the groundwork for a cutting look at the material dreams".

## Critical reception

Aaron Lariviere of Stereogum stated, "'Celebrity Lifestyle' is the closest they'd get to mainstream alternative rock, but leave it to Gira to start things up with a line like 'She's just a drug addiction, and a self-reflecting image of a narcotized mind.'" Coreen Wolanski of Exclaim! compared the song to the works of Sonic Youth, another no wave contemporary from the New York scene. She also noted "the layers of heavy, driving guitars". NME also commented that "'Celebrity Lifestyle' reveals Mad Mike G maintaining his top form of recent years", while humorously criticizing and mocking the song's lyrics. Ben Donelly of Dusted Magazine stated, "the single seemed an awful lot like a Kim Gordon outtake, playing catchup with peers who'd scratched the mainstream." In his review for the band's 2012 live album, We Rose from Your Bed with the Sun in Our Head, Tiny Mix Tapes reviewer Paul Haney compared the song to a live track, "The Apostate", writing: "Obvious parallels to The Great Annihilator's 'Celebrity Lifestyle' may spring to mind, and indeed, there is a certain gothic resonance to the affair."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Michael Gira

## Personnel

* Michael Gira – vocals, guitar, production, writing
* Jarboe – keyboards, sounds, vocals
* Bill Rieflin – drums, guitar, percussion, sequencing, sounds
* Algis Kizys – bass
* Norman Westberg – guitar
* Clinton Steele – guitar
* Ted Parsons – drums
# MEGAN (album)

American rapper Megan Thee Stallion is scheduled to release her upcoming third studio album in 2024. It is Megan's first album to be released under her independent label Hot Girl Productions, after her departure from her former label 300 Entertainment and 1501 Certified. It is preceded by three singles: "Cobra", "Hiss", and "Boa". To promote the album, Megan embarked on the Hot Girl Summer Tour, her first headlining concert tour.

## Background

On October 19, 2023, 1501 Certified revealed that the company and Megan Thee Stallion has mutually parted ways with each other. Shortly after, Megan clarified on an Instagram livestream, stating that her album would be self-funded and "the budget is coming from me". Conceptually, based on the imagery and the single titles, the as-yet-untitled album reportedly follows a snake-based theme. On October 23, Megan posted on her social media a teaser of her upcoming album stating "Just as a snake sheds it skin, we must shed our past, over and over again". On February 2, 2024, Megan signed a distribution deal with Warner Music Group which would allot her the creative control of an independent artist, but the access to the company's resources.

## Release and promotion

On January 30, 2024, Megan Thee Stallion did an interview with Good Morning America, revealing that she planned to tour for that upcoming summer season. On March 20, Megan formally announced the Hot Girl Summer Tour that is set to begin May 14 in Minneapolis and conclude July 27 in Washington, D.C.

### Singles

The album's lead single, "Cobra" was released on November 3, 2023, alongside a music video directed by Douglas Bernardt. Five days later, Megan released a rock remix of "Cobra" with the Canadian-American alternative metal band Spiritbox. The single debuted and peaked at number 32 on the US Billboard Hot 100.
The second single, "Hiss", was released on January 26, 2024, alongside a music video also directed by Douglas Bernardt. "Hiss" debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Megan's first solo chart-topping single and third overall. It also debuted at number one on the Billboard Global 200, making Megan the first female rapper in a lead role to debut atop the chart in history.
The third single, "Boa", was released on May 10, 2024.
# Chandrabhaga (Ramayana)

Chandrabhaga (Sanskrit: चंद्रभागा) is the queen of Samkasya in the Hindu epic Ramayana. She is the queen consort of Kushadhvaja, the brother of Janaka, who ruled over Mithila. She is the mother of Mandavi and Shrutakirti.

## Legend

Chandrabhaga was married to Kushadhvaja. Chandrabhaga first gave birth to and Mandavi. Chandrabhaga later gave birth to her second daughter Shrutakirti. Both her daughters were brought up in Mithila, along with Sita and Urmila. Mandavi was married to Bharata while Shrutakirti was married to Shatrughna, both the younger brothers of Rama.

## In popular culture

Anjali Rana portrayed Chandrabhaga in the 2015 series Siya Ke Ram.
# Look-Through Earnings

Look-through earnings is a term coined by the famed investor Warren Buffett who believes it to be a better metric to determine the intrinsic value of a company. Buffett believes look-through earnings more accurately show how a company invests its retained earnings. His preference for this concept is due to the fact that it can overcome the shortcomings of general accounting.

## History

The concept of look-through earnings was first mentioned in a booklet called Berkshire Hathaway's Owners Manual first published in 1996 and updated in 1999. In the booklet Buffett lays out the 13 principles he had mentioned at the time of the Blue Chip merger of 1983. The principles were mainly for new shareholders to understand Berkshire Hathaway's managerial methods.

## Mathematics

Individual investors can calculate look-through earnings of a given company by adding the retained earnings and dividend amount of a given company minus the dividend taxes.
Look-Through Earnings = (Dividends Received + Retained Earnings) - Tax on Dividends
Dividends are the cash payments distributed to investors quarterly or annually. The annual dividend amount per share can be easily calculated by multiplying the dividend yield by the per share stock price.
Retained earnings are the profits that a company retains for future investments. These earnings are normally found on the balance sheet under the shareholder's equity. To calculate retained earnings, add the beginning retained earnings to the net income or loss and then subtract all dividend payouts.
RE = Beginning Period RE + Net Income/Loss – Cash Dividends – Stock Dividends