OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Relative Gain Array

The Relative Gain Array (RGA) is a classical widely-used method for determining the best input-output pairings for multivariable process control systems. It has many practical open-loop and closed-loop control applications and is relevant to analyzing many fundamental steady-state closed-loop system properties such as stability and robustness.

## Definition

Given a linear time-invariant (LTI) system represented by a nonsingular matrix $\mathrm {G}$, the relative gain array (RGA) is defined as
    $\mathrm {R} =\Phi (\mathrm {G} )=\mathrm {G} \circ {(\mathrm {G} ^{-1})}^{T}.$
where $\circ$ is the elementwise Hadamard product of the two matrices, and the transpose operator (no conjugate) is necessary even for complex $\mathrm {G}$. Each ${i,j}$ element $\mathrm {R} _{i,j}$ gives a scale invariant (unit-invariant) measure of the dependence of output $j$ on input $i$.

## Properties

The following are some of the linear-algebra properties of the RGA:
* Each row and column of $\Phi (\mathrm {G} )$ sums to 1.
* For nonsingular diagonal matrices $\mathrm {D}$ and $\mathrm {E}$, $\Phi (\mathrm {G} )=\Phi (\mathrm {D} \mathrm {G} \mathrm {E} )$.
* For permutation matrices $\mathrm {P}$ and $\mathrm {Q}$, $\mathrm {P} \Phi (\mathrm {G} )\mathrm {Q} =\Phi (\mathrm {P} \mathrm {G} \mathrm {Q} )$.
* Lastly, $\Phi (\mathrm {G} ^{-1})=\Phi (\mathrm {G} )^{T}=\Phi {(\mathrm {G} ^{T})}$.
The second property says that the RGA is invariant with respect to nonzero scalings of the rows and columns of $\mathrm {G}$, which is why the RGA is invariant with respect to the choice of units on different input and output variables. The third property says that the RGA is consistent with respect to permutations of the rows or columns of $\mathrm {G}$.

## Generalizations

The RGA is often generalized in practice to be used when $\mathrm {G}$ is singular, e.g., non-square, by replacing the inverse of $\mathrm {G}$ with its Moore–Penrose inverse (pseudoinverse). However, it has been shown that the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse fails to preserve the critical scale-invariance property of the RGA (#2 above) and that the unit-consistent (UC) generalized inverse must therefore be used.
# Palynodinium

Palynodinium is an extinct genus of organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst (or dinocyst). It is a fossil species of dinoflagellate cyst used to demarcate the K/Pg boundary, which marks the terminal Cretaceous and the extinction of the dinosaurs. Palynodinium grallator was among the microfossils which lead to the recent discovery of the K/Pg event record in marine sediments of the northeast Pacific.
Dinoflagellate cysts are estimated to be produced by 10–16% of living dinoflagellates as a dormant, zygotic stage of their life cycle, which can accumulate in marine sediments as microfossils. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts are noted for their resistance to degradation owing to their composition of dinosporin, a biopolymer similar to sporopolinin characteristic of many terrestrial palynomorphs. Their abundance, cosmopolitan distribution, and quality of preservation in the fossil record since the Middle Triassic make dinoflagellate cysts excellent indicators of primary productivity as well as tools for biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The scope of dinoflagellate cyst applications has resulted in ongoing collaborative efforts between industry and academia to refine their taxonomic classification and enhance their utility through database organization.
# Ogoya Glacier

Ogoya Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Огоя, romanized: lednik Ogoya, IPA:) is the 8 km long and 3 km wide glacier on Trinity Peninsula, Antarctic Peninsula. Situated west-northwest of Laclavère Plateau, northwest of Broad Valley and northeast of Sestrimo Glacier. Draining the northeast slopes of Morro del Paso Peak, the north side of Misty Pass and the northwest slopes of Dabnik Peak, and flowing northwards to enter Huon Bay in Bransfield Strait.
The glacier is named after the settlement of Ogoya in northwestern Bulgaria.

## Location

Ogoya Glacier is located at 63°27′00″S 58°01′00″W﻿ / ﻿63.45000°S 58.01667°W﻿ / -63.45000; -58.01667. German-British mapping in 1996.
# Zlidol Gate

Zlidol Gate (Bulgarian: Злидолска порта, ‘Zlidolska Porta’ \'zli-dol-ska 'por-ta\) is the saddle of elevation over 800 m on Trinity Peninsula, Antarctic Peninsula separating Detroit Plateau to the west from Trakiya Heights to the east. The feature is horseshoe-shaped, jutting out to Russell West Glacier to the north, with its southern approach from Victory Glacier narrowing to 500 m.
The saddle is named after the settlement of Zlidol in northwestern Bulgaria.

## Location

Zlidol Gate is located at 63°44′10″S 58°37′40″W﻿ / ﻿63.73611°S 58.62778°W﻿ / -63.73611; -58.62778. German-British mapping in 1996.

## Maps

* Trinity Peninsula. Scale 1:250000 topographic map No. 5697. Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie and British Antarctic Survey, 1996.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
# Phanes Press

Phanes Press was an independent book publisher until acquired by Red Wheel Weiser Conari in 2004.
Phanes Press was founded by David Fideler in 1985 and published books concerning "the spiritual, philosophical and cultural traditions of the Western world," and topics ranging from "alchemy to Sufism, from Gnosticism to Neoplatonism" to the traditions of the Pythagoreans. The company's publications were distributed by Words Distributing Company, which had 23 publisher clients in 2000.
The company had published 52 titles by 2004, a so-called "micro publisher", when it was purchased by Red Wheel/Weiser. Reprints of Phanes titles were slated to appear under the Weiser Books imprint after the acquisition.
Among Phanes best selling titles were The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Awakening Osiris. Other titles published by Phanes included:
* Blackfoot Physics by F. David Peat
* The Manual of Harmonics by Nicomachus of Gerasa
* The Pagan Dream of the Renaissance by Joscelyn Godwin
* The Voice of the Earth by Theodore Roszak
# I chartopaichtra

I chartopaichtra (Greek: Η χαρτοπαίχτρα, The Card Player) is a 1964 Greek black-and-white film starring Rena Vlachopoulou and Lambros Konstantaras. The film made 534,086 tickets in Athens.

## Plot

Aleka (Rena Vlahopoulou) is a middle-aged lady married to a businessman (Lambros Konstantaras) and she is obsessed with gambling. Her husband and children make several attempts to curb her excessive playing which has started to affect her family and her economic status.

## Cast

* Rena Vlahopoulou ..... Aleka Oikonomidi
* Lambros Konstantaras ..... Andreas Oikonomidis
* Kostas Voutsas ..... Lakis Oikonomidis
* Lili Papagianni ..... Lele
* Sapfo Notara ..... Marigo
* Chloe Liaskou ..... Nina Oikonomidi
* Giorgos Vrasivanopoulos ..... Giannakis
* Angelos Mavropoulos ..... general
* Nikos Fermas ..... Vangos Kapsouris
* Nikitas Platis ..... Paminos Stravokanis
* Nassos Kedrakas ..... Nikolopoulos
* Raphael Denogias ..... Evangelopoulos
* Giannis Bertos ..... doctor

## Other

* Photographer: Nikos Dimopoulos
* Operator: Vassilis Vassiliadis
* Music: Mimis Plessas
* Presenter: Petros Lykas
* Scenic producer: Markos Zervas
* Make-up: Nikos Xepapadakos
* Audio: Giannis Fisher
* Style: Markos Zervas
* Dancers: Fotis Metaxopoulos, Viky Tzinieri
* Associate producer: Markos Zervas
* Machine audio: G. Mihaloudis
# Stomias boa boa

Stomias boa boa, also called the scaly dragonfish or boa dragonfish, is a subspecies of abyssal barbeled dragonfish of the family Stomiidae. It is found at great depths worldwide in tropical to temperate oceans but is absent from the northern Pacific and northwest Atlantic Oceans.

## Description

Stomias boa boa is a long, slender fish. The head is small, and the mouth has a protuberant lower jaw and sharp, pointed teeth. There is a large fleshy barbel projecting from the chin with a pale stalk, a dark spot at the base of the bulb and a dark filament. The dorsal fin has no spines and 17 to 22 soft rays and the anal fin has 18 to 22 soft rays. The dorsal and anal fins are positioned on the slender caudal peduncle and the caudal fin is forked. The skin is covered in small hexagonal scales. The maximum length of this fish is about 32 centimetres (13 in). Like many fish of deep oceans, it has large eyes and is transparent and silvery in appearance with iridescent speckles.

## Distribution and habitat

Stomias boa boa has a wide distribution, being found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the western Mediterranean Sea, the west coast of Africa as far south as Mauritania and southern Africa from Angola to the Cape of Good Hope. On the other side of the Atlantic it is found from the Northwest Territories of Canada to Argentina. It is also known from Chile and the sub-Antarctic region of the Indian Ocean south to Heard Island. It usually inhabits waters deeper than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) in the daytime but migrates upwards towards the surface during the night.

## Ecology

Stomias boa boa is a predator and mainly feeds on fish. It is itself preyed on by the deepwater hakes Merluccius paradoxus and Merluccius capensis, the blackmouth catshark Galeus melastomus and the swordfish Xiphias gladius.
Stomias boa boa has large light-producing photophores behind the eyes and other smaller ones scattered across the body in a geometrical pattern, mostly on the ventral surface. Special organs near the eyes detect the amount of illumination in the surrounding water and this enables the fish to adjust the amount of light its photophores emit. The bioluminescence can be turned on and off at will and may confuse potential predators. Other species of fish emit light in a similar way, and the particular arrangement of photophores in the scaly dragonfish permits individuals to identify other fish of the same species.
# Akhila Srinivasan

Akhila Srinivasan is the Managing Director of the Shriram Group Shriram Life Insurance Company. She is also the founder of the Shriram Foundation, a philanthropic organization with a focus on education, micro-credit, and anti-poverty initiatives, and the founder and Managing Trustee of GiveLife, a related NGO focused on humanitarian projects.

## Early life and education

Srinivasan graduated from RSK Higher Secondary School in Tiruchirappalli, and completed her undergraduate and post-graduate education at Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College. Her career plan at first was to join the Indian Administrative Service, and then after marrying and having her first child, she changed her career goal to completing her PhD and becoming a teacher. While she was working on her MPhil in Economics at University of Madras, she applied to become an executive trainee at the Shriram Group, completed the entrance exams and was selected for the program. She holds an MPhil in economics and a PhD in Economics with a focus on micro-credit for women entrepreneurs.

## Career

Srinivasan joined Shriram Investments in 1986 as an executive trainee. Her first role in the company included public relations and marketing, and she became the marketing manager after a year as a trainee. She was promoted to general manager of Marketing in 1993 and then President of Shriram Investment Ltd. in 1994. She became the company's managing director in 2000. She became the managing director of Shriram Life Insurance in 2005. From September 2005 to November 2006, she was on the Board of Shriram Transport Finance Co.
In addition to the corporate roles, she served as the Honorary Consul for the Netherlands between 2005 and 2012.

## Social Welfare

Shriram Foundation, a social welfare arm of the Shriram Group, was founded under her leadership in 1993. The work of the foundation includes a free Montesorri school and a community college. The foundation also focuses on micro-credit finance for rural women, care for orphans and destitute people, and establishing multiple schools and scholarship programs.
She is also the founder and Managing Trustee of GiveLife, established within the Shriram Foundation as an NGO working to provide education to the financially underprivileged children in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
She has served as the president of the Art of Living Foundation, a humanitarian organization, for seven years. She also served as the honorary President of the Shri Shri Ravishankar University in Orissa, to assist with establishing the university.

## Personal life

Srinivasan is married to H. Srinivasan, a chartered accountant, and they have two children. She is a trained classical singer.

## Awards and recognition

* 1999, Social Responsiveness Award, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry
* 2000-01, Outstanding Woman Professional Award, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry
* 2007 and 2010, 30 Most Powerful Women, Business Today
* 2015, Asia's 50 'Power Businesswomen', Forbes, including for her role in making Shriram Life Insurance "one of top five players in its industry in India in terms of profitability".
# Sanctuary (Angel novel)

Sanctuary is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel.

## Plot summary

Angel and Co. are enjoying some downtime at the karaoke bar Caritas when a loud explosion occurs. The gang and the rest of the bar are attracted outside. A building nearby is on fire. It seems that it may have been a diversionary tactic to distract from a drive-by shooting. When the smoke clears, Fred has gone missing.
It seems Fred has been kidnapped, so Team Angel questions everyone nearby. Around a dozen demons were direct eyewitnesses, but each one has a different story. Whether it was gangs, monsters, or a runaway Fred, the team soon realize demons do not make the most reliable eyewitnesses.

## Continuity

* Supposed to be set early in Angel season 3 before episode "That Old Gang of Mine".
* Characters include: Angel, Cordelia Chase, Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, Charles Gunn, Winifred Burkle, Lorne.

### Canonical issues

Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
# Canadian flag collection

The Canadian Flag Collection is the special exhibit of Settlers, Rails & Trails Inc, the museum located in Argyle, Manitoba, Canada. It is the 2nd largest museum flag collection in Canada, second only to the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.
As of January 2019, the collection cares for over 1,400 flags in its permanent holdings.
The CFC contains several categories:
* Historic Canada
* Corporate Canada
* Regional Canada (Cities, towns, municipalities, counties)
* Sports & Organizations (teams, events, games)
* Special Event Flags (anniversaries, milestones)

## Reputation

Over the past 20 years, the museum has gained the reputation for being "Canada's Flag Depository". Companies, Universities, Towns/Cities, organizations and even private collectors and individuals submit their flags to the museum for preservation, research, exhibition and public relations purposes.
The museum uses its flags to represent an important component of Canadian popular culture. Off-site exhibits include National Flag of Canada Day, Manitoba Day, Remembrance Day Services and Canada Day activities.
In February 2015 SR&T displayed its extensive flag collection at the Manitoba Legislative Building Rotunda for the 50th Anniversary of the National Flag of Canada. These flags will once again be on display in the Legislature in July 2017 to mark Canada's Sesquicentennial.
In May 2016, SR&T once again displayed 25 flags historic flags in the Manitoba Legislature to correspond with the provincial flag's 50th anniversary.
The museum's flag brochure is a statement of what donors and contributors can expect from the exhibit. It also lists past donors to the CFC since its first inception in 1997.
In 2015, seventeen Canadian Embassies, from across the world, sent National Flags of Canada to Settlers, Rails & Trails to become a permanent part of the Canadian Flag Collection. These flags flew at their respective embassies for approximately 6 months before traveling to Argyle, Manitoba.
# Joana Figueiredo

Joana Figueiredo (born 18 December 1963) is a Portuguese diver. She competed in the women's 3 metre springboard event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Diana Reef

Diana Reef (63°26′S 56°11′W﻿ / ﻿63.433°S 56.183°W﻿ / -63.433; -56.183) is an isolated reef lying 3 nautical miles (6 km) east of D'Urville Monument, Joinville Island, in Active Sound. Roughly surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1954, it was named in 1956 by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after the Diana (Robert Davidson, master), one of the ships of the Dundee whaling expedition which visited the Joinville Island area in 1892–93.
# Kangundo District

Kangundo District was a former administrative district in the Eastern Province of Kenya. The local climate is semi arid. The terrain is hilly, the district has an altitude from 1000 to 1600 metres above sea level. Akamba people are the dominant tribe.
In 2010, it was merged into Machakos County.
Altitude (feet): 5068; Lat (DMS): Altitude (meters): 1544; Time zone (est): UTC+3
# Bosaso FC

Bosaso FC, Bosaso Football Club (Somali: Kooxda Kubadda Cagta Bosaso) is a Somali football club based in Bosaso, Puntland State of Somalia
The club was founded in 2000 by group of sports activists in Bosaso with the support and sponsorship of Horseed Media, the team is headquartered in Laanta Hawada village of Bosaso District, for a long time the team has been playing under the name of Horseed, But in 2016, the team changed its name to Bosaso FC, the team is one of the division one, 9 teams of Puntland State League. In 2024 Bosaaso FC joined the Somali Premier League and will play its matches after the 2nd of July.
# Gaikundo

Gaikundo is a settlement in Kenya's Central Province.
# Plagiobothrys kingii

Plagiobothrys kingii is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name Great Basin popcornflower. It is native to the Great Basin and Mojave Desert of the United States, where it grows in desert and plateau scrub habitat, among saltbush and on rocky slopes and flats.

## Description

Plagiobothrys kingii is an annual herb growing mostly upright or erect and just a few centimeters tall to a maximum height around 40 centimeters. It is hairy in texture, the hairs coarse and rough. The leaves are alternately arranged along the stem and no more than 6 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a series of tiny white flowers each 4 to 7 millimeters wide. The fruit is a tiny arched, ribbed nutlet.
# Xiaomi Redmi 4A

Xiaomi Redmi 4A is an entry-level smartphone from the Chinese company Xiaomi. It was unveiled on November 4, 2016, together with Xiaomi Redmi 4 and Redmi 4 Prime. Is the successor of the smartphone Xiaomi Redmi 2A.

## Design

The smartphone screen is made of glass. The body of the smartphone is made of matte plastic.
From the back, the smartphone looks like the Xiaomi Redmi 4X.
The microUSB connector and the microphone are located below. On top are 3.5 mm audio jack, a second microphone and IR port. On the left side, there is a hybrid slot for 2 SIM cards or 1 SIM card and a microSD format memory card up to 128 GB. On the right side are the volume buttons and the smartphone lock button. The speaker of the smartphone is located on the back panel.
In Ukraine, Xiaomi Redmi 4A was sold in 3 colours: dark grey, gold and Rose Gold.

## Specifications
### Platform

The smartphone received a Qualcomm Snapdragon 425 processor and an Adreno 308 graphics processor.

### Battery

The battery received a volume of 3120 mAh.

### Camera

The smartphone received a main camera of 13 MP, f/2.0 with autofocus and the ability to record video in resolution 1080p@30fps. The front camera has a resolution of 5 MP, an aperture of f/2.2 and the ability to record video in a resolution of 720p@30fps.

### Screen

Screen IPS LCD, 5.0", HD (1280 × 720) with an aspect ratio of 16:9 and a pixel density of 296 ppi.

### Memory

The smartphone was sold in 2/16 and 2/32 GB configurations.

### Software

Xiaomi Redmi 4A was launched on MIUI 8 based on Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow. Was updated to MIUI 10 based on Android 7.1.2 Nougat.
# Palis (surname)

Palis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ella Palis (born 1999), French footballer
* Geoffrey Palis (born 1991), French rugby union player
* Jacob Palis (born 1940), Brazilian mathematician
# The Saturday Sessions: The Dermot O'Leary Show

The Saturday Sessions: The Dermot O'Leary Show is a 2-disc compilation album of BBC Radio 2 popular music recordings, released in the United Kingdom in July 2007. Many of the artists featured were first introduced by English radio personality and television presenter, Dermot O'Leary.

## Track listing
### Disc 1

* The Feeling - "Walk Like an Egyptian" (originally by The Bangles)
* Lily Allen - "Everybody's Changing" (originally by Keane)
* Amy Winehouse - "To Know Him Is to Love Him" (originally by The Teddy Bears)
* The Raconteurs - "Steady, As She Goes"
* Kasabian - "Pictures of Matchstick Men" (originally by Status Quo)
* Kings of Leon - "On Call"
* Manic Street Preachers - "Motorcycle Emptiness"
* The New York Fund - "Nobody Home"
* Gomez - "Wichita Lineman" (originally by Glen Campbell)
* Massive Attack - "Live With Me"
* Camera Obscura - "Super Trouper" (originally by ABBA)
* KT Tunstall - "I Want You Back" (originally by The Jackson 5)
* Jont - "Number 1" (originally by Goldfrapp)
* Willy Mason - "Careless Whisper" (originally by Wham!)
* Guillemots - "Made-Up Lovesong 43"
* The Shins - "Breathe" (originally by Pink Floyd)
* Nerina Pallot - "Confide in Me" (originally by Kylie Minogue)
* The Electric Soft Parade - "Silent to the Dark"
* The Thrills - "Nothing Changes Around Here"
* Jamie T - "A New England" (originally by Billy Bragg)
* Mumm-Ra - "In Between Days" (originally by The Cure)
* Bloc Party - "Two More Years"

### Disc 2

* Mika - "Grace Kelly"
* The Kooks - "She Moves in Her Own Way"
* James Morrison - "Wonderful World"
* Ray LaMontagne - "Trouble"
* The Magic Numbers - "Love Me Like You"
* Orson - "I Can't Go For That (No Can Do)" (originally by Hall & Oates)
* Athlete - "God Only Knows" (originally by The Beach Boys)
* Stoney - "Waterfall" (originally by The Stone Roses)
* Paul Weller - "Come On/Let's Go"
* Ben Kweller - "In Other Words"
* Supergrass - "Richard III"
* Stars - "This Charming Man" (originally by The Smiths)
* Zero 7 - "I Go to Sleep" (originally by The Kinks, notably by The Pretenders)
* Rufus Wainwright - "Hallelujah" (originally by Leonard Cohen)
* Scott Matthews - "The Boy with the Thorn in His Side" (originally by The Smiths)
* Bat For Lashes - "I'm On Fire" (originally by Bruce Springsteen)
* Josh Pyke - "Middle of the Hill"
* Turin Brakes - "Breaking the Girl" (originally by Red Hot Chili Peppers)
* The Little Ones - "Oh, MJ!"
* The Bees - "Who Cares What the Question Is?"
* Low vs Diamond - "Moonage Daydream" (originally by David Bowie)
* Beck - "Lost Cause"
# Kurgunta

Kurgunta is a census town in kalaburagi district in the Karnataka state of India.

## Geography

Kurgunta is located at 17°12′N 77°21′E﻿ / ﻿17.2°N 77.35°E﻿ / 17.2; 77.35. It has an average elevation of 418 meters (1,371 feet).

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kurgunta had a population of 8,584. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Kurgunta had an average literacy rate of 51%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 61%, and female literacy was 40%. 13% of the population were under 6 years of age.