OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PPS 1

Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development commonly abbreviated as PPS 1, is a document produced by the British Government to advise Local planning authorities on the delivery of sustainable development through the planning system. The current version was introduced in February 2005 and replaced Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) Note 1, General Policies and Principles, published in February 1997.
# Chaplygin's Theorem

In mathematical theory of differential equations the Chaplygin's theorem (Chaplygin's method) states about existence and uniqueness of the solution to an initial value problem for the first order explicit ordinary differential equation. This theorem was stated by Sergey Chaplygin. It is one of many comparison theorems.

### Important definitions

Consider an inital value problem: differential equation
$y'\left(t\right)=f\left(t,y\left(t\right)\right)$ in $t\in \left[t_{0};\alpha \right]$, $\alpha >t_{0}$
with an initial condition
$y\left(t_{0}\right)=y_{0}$.
For the initial value problem described above the upper boundary solution and the lower boundary solution are the functions ${\overline {z}}\left(t\right)$ and ${\underline {z}}\left(t\right)$ respectively, both of which are smooth in $t\in \left(t_{0};\alpha \right]$ and continous in $t\in \left[t_{0};\alpha \right]$, such as the following inequalities are true:
* ${\underline {z}}\left(t_{0}\right)<y\left(t_{0}\right)<{\overline {z}}\left(t_{0}\right)$;
* ${\underline {z}}'\left(t\right)<f(t,{\underline {z}}\left(t\right))$ and ${\overline {z}}\ '\left(t\right)>f(t,{\overline {z}}\left(t\right))$ for $t\in \left(t_{0};\alpha \right]$.

### Statement

Given the aforementioned initial value problem and respective upper boundary solution ${\overline {z}}\left(t\right)$ and lower boundary solution ${\underline {z}}\left(t\right)$ for $t\in \left[t_{0};\alpha \right]$. If the right part $f\left(t,y\left(t\right)\right)$
* is continous in $t\in \left[t_{0};\alpha \right]$, $y\left(t\right)\in \left[{\underline {z}}\left(t\right);{\overline {z}}\left(t\right)\right]$;
* satisfies the Lipschitz condition over variable $y$ between functions ${\overline {z}}\left(t\right)$ and ${\underline {z}}\left(t\right)$: there exists constant $K>0$ such as for every $t\in \left[t_{0};\alpha \right]$, $y_{1}\left(t\right)\in \left[{\underline {z}}\left(t\right);{\overline {z}}\left(t\right)\right]$, $y_{2}\left(t\right)\in \left[{\underline {z}}\left(t\right);{\overline {z}}\left(t\right)\right]$ the inequality
$\left\vert f\left(t,y_{1}\left(t\right)\right)-f\left(t,y_{2}\left(t\right)\right)\right\vert \leq K\left\vert y_{1}\left(t\right)-y_{2}\left(t\right)\right\vert$ holds,
then in $t\in \left[t_{0};\alpha \right]$ there exists one and only one solution $y\left(t\right)$ for the given initial value problem and moreover for all $t\in \left[t_{0};\alpha \right]$
${\underline {z}}\left(t\right)<y\left(t\right)<{\overline {z}}\left(t\right)$.
# Sibyl Schwarzenbach

Sibyl Schwarzenbach is an American philosopher and Professor Emerita of Philosophy at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. She is known for her works on ethics and political philosophy.

## Books

* On Civic Friendship: Including Women in the State, Columbia University Press, 2009
* Women and the U.S. Constitution: History, Interpretation, and Practice, with Patricia Smith, Columbia University Press, 2003
# Sokovia Accords

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#REDIRECT Superhero fiction#Discrimination against superheroes
# Logger

Logger may refer to:
* Lumberjack, a woodcutter, a person who harvests lumber
* Data logger, software or an electronic device that records sequential data to a log file
* Keystroke logger, software that records the keys struck on a computer keyboard
* logger, a command line utility that can send messages to the syslog
# Revenge of the Judoon

Revenge of the Judoon is a BBC Books original novella written by Terrance Dicks and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Tenth Doctor and his companion Martha Jones. This paperback is part of the Quick Reads Initiative sponsored by the UK government, to encourage literacy. It has a similar look to BBC Books' other new series adventures, except for its much shorter word count, being a paperback and not being numbered as part of the same series. To date it is the one of only five novels based upon the revived series that have not been published in hardcover: the first, I Am a Dalek, was published in May 2006; the second, Made of Steel, was published in March 2007; the fourth, The Sontaran Games, was published in February 2009; and the fifth, Code of the Krillitanes, was published in March 2010. These four books are also part of the Quick Reads Initiative.
The book sees the return of the Judoon, who were first seen in the third series episode "Smith and Jones", and again in "The Stolen Earth". The presence of Martha Jones as the Doctor's companion indicates it takes place prior to the trilogy of episodes that ended the third season of the revived Doctor Who the previous year, in which Martha Jones departed as the Doctor's companion.
# Safe Meat and Poultry Inspection Panel

The Safe Meat and Poultry Inspection Panel is an advisory panel to review and evaluate meat inspection policies and proposed changes that the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104–127, Sec. 918) permanently authorized by amendment to the federal meat and poultry inspection statutes. Provisions in annual USDA appropriations laws since 1996 have prohibited the department from actually establishing the advisory panel.
# Beşkarış Dam

Beşkarış Dam is a dam in Kütahya Province, Turkey. It was built between 1994 and 2002.
# Special Preparedness Fund Act of 1917

The Special Preparedness Fund Act of 1917 provided for a "special preparedness fund for army, navy, and fortification purposes" through an excess profits tax on corporations and partnerships equal to 8% of the amount by which their net income exceeded $5,000 plus 8% of the "actual capital invested."
# Gazetted officer (Kenya)

A gazetted officer is a government employee, a registered agent or a professional whose name is published in the Kenya Gazette. Gazetted officers are public administrators and official subject-matter experts who may use government letterheads, process government documents or work outside the civil service through a special license.
Examples of gazetted officers are:
* A member of the service of one of the ranks of gazetted officers specified in the National Police Service Act
* A member of one of the restricted professions where gazettement is a legal requirement such as geology, real estate agency, engineering, pharmacy, public health and medicine
* A holder of certain government positions such as magistrates, commissioners and government chemists
A gazetted officer's name, address and qualification is entered in a public register which is updated regularly by state agencies through the Kenya Gazette. The effect of being gazetted is that a gazetted officer is at all times subject to the direct authority, control and supervision of the cabinet secretary in charge of the parent ministry thereby creating a pool of management-level professionals and special duty officers in critical departments who can be deployed without delay to control a crisis or to perform specific duties of national importance in their professional capacity such as preparation of reports, certificates and technical documents.
Like notaries, gazetted officers are the government's eyes, ears, nose and hands on the ground - a class of public officers who may be civil servants, employees or registered agents who are the state's resource persons and who hold a position of trust as the official subject-matter-experts and specialists in state records vide the gazette who are entitled to practice their vocation and provide professional services to the public, issue certificates, make or change entries on official legal documents, superintend technical and administrative departments and institutions, send periodic reports to the government and provide consultancy and advisory services to both the government and the public.
Gazetted officers operate under the authority of the Office of the President (head of state) and are controlled by various independent state agencies whose management is constituted by one of the president's cabinet secretaries who are roughly synonymous with crown servants. Gazetted officers provide important professional and managerial services of a public nature such as preparing and issuing government documents and tracking and monitoring key indicators such as disease outbreaks, housing trends, crime and security threats. Gazetted officers work in any gazetted or licensed institution and are forbidden from engaging in private practice and charging or collecting fees directly for their own use without a valid license.
Kenyan law courts take judicial notice of work done by gazetted officers and the corresponding entries in their record books. Legal practitioners (advocates) are officers of the court and become gazetted officers when they are appointed as senior counsel.
# 2024 Busley army base attack

On March 23, 2024, the Somali Armed Forces base of Busley in Lower Shabelle was attacked by Al-Shabaab insurgents killing 57 soldiers and ten insurgents
Following an intense shootout with security forces, Al Shabaab fighters were able to capture the base temporarily until it was recaptured soon after.
# Embassy of Monaco, London

The Embassy of Monaco in London is the diplomatic mission of the Principality of Monaco in the United Kingdom.
The embassy building in London houses the embassy, the Monaco Economic Board and the Monaco Tourist Authority, with a mission statement given on their website as:
* To build a bridge and create effective communication between the UK and Monaco for visitors, workers and investors – giving access to relevant information and to useful procedures
* To tighten diplomatic relations between the UK and Monaco and to strengthen judicial co-operation with the UK's Foreign Office and Home Office
* To develop artistic and cultural partnerships between Monaco and the UK
* To support the missions of H.S.H. Prince Albert II in matters of Environment through the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation (UK)
* To promote joint activities between the different UK and Monaco charitable associations
* To promote all the other aspects of Monaco and to help the British public get a truer perception of the Principality
* To ably assist individuals and families interested in relocating to Monaco
Monaco also has honorary consulates in Birmingham and Edinburgh.

## Gallery

* Embassy of Monaco in London
* Plaque outside the embassy
* The Monégasque flag and coat of arms above the entrance
# Shahid Avini Metro Station

Shahid Avini Metro Station is a station on Shiraz Metro Line 1. The station opened on 7 August 2016. It is located on Khabarneger Street at the Junction with Avini Boulevard between Namazi Metro Station and Shahid Motahhari Metro Station. It is most commonly used by the students and faculty of the Shahid Dastgheib 1 Secondary School which is adjacent to the metro's ground-level entrance.
* This Iranian railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Shari'ati Metro Station (Shiraz)

Shari'ati Metro Station is a station on Shiraz Metro Line 1. The station opened on 11 October 2014. It is located on Ma'aliabad Boulevard a between Ehsan Metro Station and Mirza-ye Shirazi Metro Station.
* This Iranian railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Iwuy

Iwuy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Iwuy | The arms of Iwuy are blazoned : Argent, a cross engrailed sable, overall in chief a label of 5 points gules. |
# Climateflation

Climateflation is the contribution to inflation of added costs brought about as a result of climate change.

## Mechanisms

Food prices could rise by as much as 3% per year due to climate change impacts.
Energy prices are another of the most common examples cited of climateflation.
Natural disasters fueled by climate change have increased housing costs through insurance and by exacerbating housing shortages when those events make homes unlivable. Climate migration, where people are displaced from their homes destroyed by unusually extreme disasters like wildfire, has been increasing in the United States.

## Locations

Climateflation is expected to hit warmer parts of the globe more severely.
# Ehsan Metro Station (Shiraz)

Ehsan Metro Station is the northern terminus of Shiraz Metro Line 1. The station opened on 11 October 2014. It is located on western end of Ma'aliabad Boulevard at Ehsan Square.
* This Iranian railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Nord (ice hockey team)

Nord was an amateur ice hockey team in Donetsk, Ukraine. They participated in the Ukrainian Hockey Championship during the 1992–93 season. The team finished in fifth place in the first round with a record of one win and four losses, with 19 goals for and 37 against. They failed to qualify for the final round.
# Liborius Wagner

Liborius Wagner (5 December 1593 – 9 December 1631) was a German Roman Catholic priest. He administered throughout his pastoral mission in Würzburg and was killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith). He performed a wide range of charitable acts and he was more than willing to - at the time of his death - shed his blood for his beliefs and for his fellow Christians.
In recognition of his murder Pope Paul VI beatified him on 24 March 1974.

## Life

Liborius Wagner was born on 5 December 1593 to Lutheran Protestant parents.
He served as a scholar who grew up in a Protestant household during the Counter-Reformation period. His decision was - in 1613 - to learn Counter-Reformation theological matters in Würzburg and this was a decision that his parents disapproved of. He was firm in his faith as a Christian - he had converted during this time and earned the ire of his parents - and continued his studies for the priesthood. He became a teacher in 1617 and was ordained as a priest on 29 March 1625. He became the pastor to an area split between Protestants and Catholics. He attempted to reconcile both as best as he could but the divisions ran far too deep for him to do this.
Wagner was driven from his parish to another town during a time of conflict in Central Europe. Protestant soldiers apprehended him in a schoolhouse and tortured him for almost a week. He refused to renounce his faith and killed him on 9 December 1631. He was shot and his corpse stripped and left into a river; his corpse was recovered sometime later. He was buried and then exhumed and later transferred for the final time on 15 December 1637.

## Beatification

The cause for Wagner's beatification was formally opened on 18 October 1939, granting him the title of Servant of God. On 18 October 1973 he was recognized as one who died in hatred of the faith and it allowed for Pope Paul VI to celebrate his beatification on 24 March 1974. The pope hailed Wagner for his "testament to faith".
# Sack of Isfahan and Ray

After some quarrels with Il-Kagan and the subsequent peace, Tong Yabgu started his activities further west and south. The sacking of Isfahan and Ray was also an important part of this campaign.

## Campaign

These activities are mentioned in a few sentences and general statements in the sources. He fought the Persians and subjugated Kashmir, then neighboring Kandahar to the south. According to Armenian sources of the period, he entered Iran with a large army and took Rey and Isfahan. This event, which Armenian sources date to 616, should be after 619 according to Zeki Velidi and not before 627 according to Ercilasun.
# Masquerade (Hazbin Hotel)

"Masquerade" is the fourth episode of first season of Hazbin Hotel. It premiered on Amazon Prime Video on January 19, 2024, and was written and directed by series creator Vivienne Medrano. The episode is centered around violence, abuse, and toxic relationships.

## Plot

Angel Dust (voiced by Blake Roman) leaves the hotel to act in a porn film for his boss, Valentino (voiced by Joel Perez). While shooting, Charlie (voiced by Erika Henningsen) arrives and tries to bring Angel Dust back to the hotel, but Valentino beats Angel Dust, reminds him that he owns Angel Dust's soul, and forces him to make her leave. Angel Dust continues filming and is constantly assaulted by Valentino and other workers. Returning to the hotel, he gets into an argument with its bartender Husk (voiced by Keith David), who had earlier accused him of being "fake". Angel Dust leaves to go to a bar, followed by Husk at Charlie's insistence. Husk saves Angel Dust from being drugged by one of Valentino's workers, but Angel Dust lashes out at him for saving him, revealing that he purposely lets Valentino assault him so that when he is broken and ruined, Valentino will stop using him. Husk reveals that he was once an overlord whose gambling addiction led him to make a deal with Alastor to keep his power, trapping him in a similar situation to Angel Dust. At the hotel, Angel Dust thanks Charlie for caring about him, making her emotional.

## Discography

The songs, "Poison" and "Loser, Baby", was written by Sam Haft & Andrew Underberg. "Loser, Baby" peaked at number one, and "Poison" also peaked at number two on the Billboard US Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.

### Fun fact

The version of "Loser, Baby" seen in the episode is different from the album version. The final word, "me", is cut off by the gangsters catching up with Angel Dust and Husk in the episode, while they get to finish their song on the album version.

## Production

Vivienne Medrano had planned "Masquerade" before Hazbin Hotel was peaked up by A24. The animation was produced by SpindleHorse Toons, with Bento Box Entertainment.
# Maués

Maués is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 65,040 (2020) and its area is 39,988 km$^2$.

## Geography

Maués is known as the "Land of Guaraná". There are sandy beaches, and Maues summer festival and Guarana festival. The Mundurucus and Maues Indians cultivated the guarana fruit, which is the basis for the famous Brazilian soft drink. Maués means "talking parrots" and it is originated from one of the Indian clans in the region. Maués has 22.000 inhabitants with another 20.000 natives spread along 140 river villages. The area's 20.000 people are distributed within 140 villages spread along the rivers. Maués is located on the side of Maués-Açu river and can be reached from Manaus (267 km away) by regional boat (18 hours), fast boat (7 hours) or plane (45 min.). Maués is used as a starting point for adventure trekking including visit to the Amana waterfall, old goldmines, caves, exploration of primary jungle with Indian guides and visit to the Uraira developing reserve.
Maués Airport serves the region.

### Conservation

The municipality contains all or part of the Alto Maués Ecological Station, Amazônia National Park, Juruena National Park, Pau-Rosa National Forest, Maués State Forest and Andirá Marau Indigenous Territory. It is thought that the area has high gold mining potential. The municipality contains the 538,081 hectares (1,329,630 acres) Urupadi National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit created in 2016. It includes the 59,137 hectares (146,130 acres) Urariá Sustainable Development Reserve, created in 2001.

## Cultivation of guaraná

One of the things Maués is known for is guaraná, and every year they celebrate this with the Guaraná festival. The festival typically includes live music, especially the local pagode dance which will involve the whole city in the festivities. The guarana fruit is used in the traditional Brazilian soft drink, sold in several varieties in Brazil. These soft drinks are now also exported to outside countries, and the guaraná is becoming a known ingredient in drinks for boosting energy.

## Notable people

* Homero de Miranda Leão (1913–1987), poet, teacher and politician
# Thomas Fermor

Thomas Fermor (by 1523–1580) was an English politician.
He was born a younger son of merchant Richard Fermor and was the brother-in-law of John Mordaunt, 2nd Baron Mordaunt
He became a merchant of the staple and a member of the Grocer's Company. From his wife he acquired an estate in Shropshire and on the death of his uncle William Fermor an estate in Oxfordshire.
Fermor was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Brackley in October 1553 and for Shropshire in 1558. He was appointed High Sheriff of Shropshire for 1558–59 and made Recorder of Bridgnorth from 1561 to his death in 1580.
He married twice; firstly Frances the daughter and heiress of Thomas Horde of Horde Park, Bridgnorth and the widow of Edward Raleigh of Farthinghoe, Northamptonshire and secondly Bridget, the daughter of Henry Bradshaw of Halton, Buckinghamshire and the widow of Henry White of South Warnborough, Hampshire, with whom he had at least a son and two daughters.
# Kingdom of Adal

The Kingdom of Adal (Somali: Boqortooyada Adal), (Arabic: مملكة عدل) was a medieval kingdom located in the north east region of Africa. Little is known of this mysterious Kingdom and is known as the predecessor of both the Sultanate of Adal and the Ifat Sultanate.

## Foundation

The foundation of the Kingdom of Adal is a ongoing debate as little is known of this hermit kingdom, though it's believed it was founded by the settling Arabs escaping persecution from the Kaffirs in Mecca. Zeila also known as Saylac is the birthplace of Islam inside of Africa, and as many non-believers of Islam converted into the religion unity grew and identity grew within the region which led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Adal. In the late 9th century, Al-Yaqubi, an Armenian Muslim scholar and traveller, wrote that the Kingdom of Adal was a small wealthy kingdom and that Zeila served as the headquarters for the kingdom, which dated back to the beginning of the century.
The polity was governed by local Somali dynasties established by the Adelites.

## Islamic Influence

Islam was introduced to the Horn region early on from the Arabian peninsula, shortly after the hijra. Zeila's two-mihrab Masjid al-Qiblatayn dates to about the 7th century, and is the oldest mosque in Africa. In the late 9th century, Al-Yaqubi wrote that Muslims were living along the northern Somali seaboard. The polity was governed by local Somali dynasties established by the Adelites.
Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn was born in Zeila during the Adal Kingdom period. Al-Kawneyn was a Somali Muslim saint. He is believed to be the ancestor of the royal family known as the Walashma Dynasty, which later governed both the Ifat Sultanate and the Adal Sultanate during the Middle Ages.