OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paintball pistol

Paintball pistols are a type of paintball marker used in paintball, which loosely resemble pistols. There are two main types of pistols: pump and semi-automatic.

## Uses of a pistol and basic use
### Speedball

Paintball pistols are not used in tournament level speedball games. Due to one marker per person rules, a player may not carry two markers onto the field. A pistol has a lower shot capacity, leaving the player at a severe disadvantage against an opponent. Sometimes in recreational settings a player will agree to play with a pistol to put themselves at a severe disadvantage to attempt to prove superior skill over an opponent. Playing in such a situation has many similarities to stock paintball. Despite these apparent disadvantages there are a growing number of players who choose to play with a pistol as their primary marker.

### Scenario

Paintball pistols are primarily used as a sidearm. The use of a paintball pistol is often as a last resort situation. In scenario games often drivers of paintball tanks will utilize a paintball pistol as a backup marker.
Some players use them as their primary weapons.

## Manufacturers

Paintball pistols are manufactured by a number of companies in a few main calibers. The three calibers are 11mm/.43 cal, .50 cal, and .68 cal . The main manufacturers of paintball pistols are Tippmann, Tiberius Arms (now called First Strike), and Kingman. The price points on the pistols range from approximately $100–$400. Walther, the gun manufacturer based in Germany, also makes .43 caliber paintball pistol replicas of a few of its real pistols as training tools for police forces. These paintball markers are built to match the weight, action, and feel of the real gun. These markers have the designation "RAM" which stands for "real action marker", which means they match the real pistol they represent in the slide action, recoil, safety mechanism, and of course weight.

## Accessories

Many accessories are available for paintball pistols including holsters, mock silencers, scopes, flashlights, laser lights, and high performance part kits.
# Peralta Rocks

Peralta Rocks is a group of about 8 small rocks covering an area 4 nautical miles (7 km) by 2 nautical miles (3.7 km), lying 7 nautical miles (13 km) north of Cape Ducorps, Trinity Peninsula. Named by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition, 1949–50, for Lieutenant Roberto Peralta Bell, second-in-command of the oil tanker Lientur.
# Darwin Island (Antarctica)

Darwin Island is the largest of the Danger Islands, lying 20 kilometres (11 nmi) east-southeast of the eastern tip of Joinville Island, off the northeast end of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was discovered in 1842 by a British expedition under James Clark Ross, and named by him for Charles Darwin, the noted naturalist.
# 2024 French Open – Women's legends doubles

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#redirect 2024 French Open#Events
# Kamuguga

Kamuguga is a settlement in Kenya's Central Province.
# Summa (song)

"Summa" is the eighth single by the Bay Area collective Peach Tree Rascals, released on July 31, 2019 by Homedale Projects and 10K Projects.

## Background and composition

The song was made in one night during one of their first writing trips to LA. Joseph Barrios, one of the members, shared his thought process behind the song: "When I think of summer it reminds of long days and long nights doing stupid shit with my friends. During this time of the year I'm always living care free and all the other things on my mind go on hold. I always had this mindset of living out my youth while it lasts especially in the 'summa.'" The music video premiered exclusively on Billboard on July 30. The song talks about being young, as well as summer.
The song appeared on the third episode of the third season of the Netflix show On My Block.
# V. M. Rajalakshmi

V. M. Rajalakshmi is an Indian politician who served as a member of the 15th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. She was elected from Sankarankoil constituency as a candidate of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK).
J. Jayalalithaa appointed V. M. Rajalakshmi as Minister for Adi Dravidar and Tribal Welfare in May 2016. This was her first cabinet post in the Government of Tamil Nadu.
In 2021, she lost her reelection bid to E. Raja.
# Anatomy of t.A.T.u.

Anatomy of t.A.T.u. (Russian: Анатомия ТАТУ; Anatomyia TATU, or А.Н.А.Т.О.М.И.Я.) is a documentary film directed by Vitaly Mansky, chronicling the lives of the group t.A.T.u. on their promotional tour in USA, but most of all, revealing the girls' true lives, including their sexuality.
The movie's main selling point was the revelation that neither Julia Volkova nor Lena Katina were lesbians. They stated that it was all just a marketing strategy; a brainchild developed by their manager, Ivan Shapovalov. Volkova said that before t.A.T.u., she had never thought about girls in that way, but during t.A.T.u. she had fallen in love with another girl, although the physical aspect had not developed beyond kissing.
The film also showed that both girls are religious. Katina visits church and goes to confession regularly; she believes that her career forces her to do many sinful things. Volkova, on the other hand, is ready to do anything perceived as popular in the musical world. She isn't afraid of anything besides loneliness. Katina is shyer, and said that she wouldn't ever have sex with anyone on camera.
Another aspect of the documentary was drug use. Volkova admitted to having once taken heroin as part of a bet to prove that she had "no need for such things in [her] life." The film also included scenes of Ivan Shapovalov and Beata Ardeeva smoking marijuana. Also, it shows Volkova and Katina smoking regular cigarettes, which they do even though it may negatively affect their voices.
The film reveals that Volkova had problems with her voice for a long period, which nearly killed the group. Besides this, Volkova admitted that she also had an unwanted pregnancy, and she was forced to have an abortion. Volkova also admitted to having a boyfriend, a married man, Pavel 'Pasha' Sidorov.
This documentary stirred debate on topic of censorship on Russian television due to its slogan, Hui Voine!, the use of foul language, and depictions of drug use.

## Home media

After the show premiered on television, a DVD was made available for a limited time in 2004. It used the original Russian audio track, but included English subtitles.
# Masirana

Masirana is a genus of Asian leptonetids that was first described by T. Komatsu in 1942.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains twenty-three species and three subspecies from Japan, Korea, and Okinawa:
* Masirana abensis (Kobayashi, 1973) – Japan
* Masirana akahanei Komatsu, 1963 – Japan
* Masirana akiyoshiensis (Oi, 1958) – Japan
** Masirana a. imperatoria Komatsu, 1974 – Japan
** Masirana a. kagekiyoi Komatsu, 1974 – Japan
** Masirana a. primocreata Komatsu, 1974 – Japan
* Masirana bandoi (Nishikawa, 1986) – Japan
* Masirana bonghwaensis Seo, 2015 – Korea
* Masirana chibusana (Irie, 2000) – Japan
* Masirana cinevacea Kishida, 1942 (type) – Japan
* Masirana flabelli Seo, 2015 – Korea
* Masirana glabra (Komatsu, 1957) – Japan
* Masirana ilweolensis Seo, 2015 – Korea
* Masirana kawasawai (Komatsu, 1970) – Japan
* Masirana kinoshitai (Irie, 2000) – Japan
* Masirana kosodeensis Komatsu, 1963 – Japan
* Masirana kuramotoi Komatsu, 1974 – Japan
* Masirana kusunoensis Irie & Ono, 2010 – Japan
* Masirana kyokoae Yaginuma, 1972 – Japan
* Masirana longimana Yaginuma, 1970 – Japan
* Masirana longipalpis Komatsu, 1972 – Japan (Okinawa)
* Masirana mizonokuchiensis Irie & Ono, 2005 – Japan
* Masirana nippara Komatsu, 1957 – Japan
* Masirana silvicola (Kobayashi, 1973) – Japan
* Masirana taioensis Irie & Ono, 2005 – Japan
* Masirana taraensis Irie & Ono, 2005 – Japan
# List of colonial governors in 1720

This is a list of the governors of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies in 1720. Where applicable, native rulers are also listed.

## Great Britain

* Bahamas - Woodes Rogers

## Oman

* Mombasa – Nasr ibn Abdallah al-Mazru‘i, Wali of Mombasa (1698–1728)

## Portugal

* Angola – Henrique de Figueiredo e Alarcão, Governor of Angola (1717–1722)
* Macau – Antonio da Silva Telo e Meneses, Governor of Macau (1719–1722)
# Prison rock

Prison rock (Chinese: 囚歌; pinyin: qiú gē (Mandarin), cau4 go1 (Cantonese)) is music that came after the Northwest Wind trend in mainland China. It was a transitional phase before Chinese rock. These songs tell a story usually from a negative social life experience.
# Miss Venezuela 1977

Miss Venezuela 1977 was the 24th edition of Miss Venezuela pageant held at Teatro Paris (now called Teatro La Campiña) in Caracas, Venezuela, on May 6, 1977. The winner of the pageant was Cristal Montañez, Miss Departamento Vargas.
The pageant was broadcast live by Venevision.

## Results
### Placements

* Miss Venezuela 1977 - Cristal Montañez (Miss Departamento Vargas)
* 1st runner-up - Vilma Góliz Romero (Miss Falcón) (disqualified)
* 1st runner-up - Jackeline Van Den Branden (Miss Distrito Federal)
* 2nd runner-up - Betty Paredes (Miss Lara)
* 3rd runner-up - Adriana Zekendorf (Miss Barinas)
* 4th runner-up - Isbelia Belloso (Miss Zulia) (entered runners-up after disqualification of Miss Falcón)

### Special awards

* Miss Fotogénica (Miss Photogenic) - Vilma Góliz (Miss Falcón)
* Miss Elegancia (Miss Elegance) - Cristal Montañez (Miss Departamento Vargas)
* Miss Simpatía (Miss Congeniality) - Adriana Zekendorf (Miss Barinas)
* Miss Amistad (Miss Friendship) - Ana Celina Pabón (Miss Táchira)

## Contestants

* Miss Anzoátegui - Consuelo Emperatriz Vegas
* Miss Apure - Emilia González
* Miss Aragua - Enriqueta Coll
* Miss Barinas - Adriana Zekendorf Gómez
* Miss Carabobo - Rita D'Elia
* Miss Departamento Vargas - Cristal Montañez Arocha
* Miss Distrito Federal - Jackeline Van Den Branden Oquendo
* Miss Falcón - Vilma Yadira Góliz Romero
* Miss Guárico - Finita Arreaza
* Miss Lara - Betty Paredes
* Miss Mérida - Silvia Schanelly
* Miss Miranda - Betty González
* Miss Táchira - Ana Celina Pabón Ramírez
* Miss Trujillo - Luisa del Carmen -Reina- Morón Piña
* Miss Zulia - Isbelia Belloso Leyba
# Diane Meier

Diane Meier is an author of The New American Wedding and The Season of Second Chances, and the founder of Meier, LLC, a luxury marketing firm founded in New York City. She has been a keen advocate of working women’s rights. She lived in New York City and Litchfield, Connecticut.
# Kariko

Kariko is a settlement in Kenya's Central Province.
# Atlanta quoyii

Atlanta quoyii is a species of sea snail, a holoplanktonic marine gastropod mollusk in the family Atlantidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico.
# Democratic Liberal Party

Democratic Liberal Party may refer to:
Current parties with that name include:
* Armenian Democratic Liberal Party
* Democratic Liberal Party (Armenia)
Defunct parties of the name include:
* Armenakan-Democratic Liberal Party
* Democratic Liberal Party of Armenia
* Democratic Liberal Party (Italy)
* Democratic Liberal Party (Japan)
* Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)
* Democratic Liberal Party, former name of New Korea Party, South Korea
# Hauroth

Hauroth is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kaisersesch, whose seat is in the like-named town.

## Geography

The municipality lies in the Eifel.

## History

In 1103, Hauroth had its first documentary mention in a falsified document as Husenrode. Beginning in 1794, Hauroth lay under French rule. In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1946, it has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Politics
### Municipal council

The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

### Mayor

Hauroth’s mayor is Stefan Schneider.

### Coat of arms

The German blazon reads: Durch einen schräglinken silbernen Wellenbalken von Rot und Grün geteilt. Oben ein durchbrochenes rundbogiges, durch drei gestaffelte, nasenbesetzte Spitzbögen unterteiltes goldenes Fenster. Unten drei goldene Ähren.
The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: A bend sinister wavy argent between gules a window with three staggered lancet arches joined by a semicircular arch Or, and vert three ears of wheat of the third.
The bend sinister wavy refers to the place where the village began, on the Kimpelbach. The charge below this, the three ears of wheat, refers to the village’s founding in the 11th century as an agricultural estate (whose name meant “Huso’s Clearing”). The other charge, a Gothic church window modelled on one in the cloister at Ravengiersburg Monastery refers to a document from this monastery, which says that the Provost of Ravengiersburg transferred, among other things, holdings in Hauroth to Saint Stephen’s Foundation in Mainz in 1103.
The arms have been borne since 16 January 1991.

## Culture and sightseeing

The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
* Saint Bartholomew’s Chapel (Kapelle St. Bartholomäus) – aisleless church, 1950-1951
* Northwest of Hauroth – chapel; inside relief of the Trinity, 18th century; before it a grave cross, 18th century
# Maurie Johnson

Maurice Richard 'Mocha' Johnson (15 January 1907 – 30 May 2000) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Carlton and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League.
Johnson made his debut for the Carlton Football Club in Round 5 of the 1927 season. He had a falling-out with coach Frank Maher after six rounds of the 1936 season, which resulted in him leaving Carlton to join South Melbourne. In 1938, Johnson captain-coached Launceston to both the NTFA and Tasmanian State Premierships.
Johnson died in May 2000.
# List of protection sports

Protection sports are dog sports that test a dog's ability to protect itself and its handler. All protection sports test the complete temperament of the dog, not just its protectiveness. The dog must be safe for its handler and for the public. The dog must be able to control itself upon command. All protection sports are modeled to some extent on the way dogs are used in police work. The first trial of "Ring Sport" was organized in 1903 in Mechelen (French: Malines), Belgium.

## Sport names

* Belgian Ring Sport
* French Ring Sport — jumps, complex obedience, and several variants of attacks on a decoy (helper wearing bite-protection gear)
* KNPV (Koninklijke Nederlands Politiehond Vereniging) — Dutch, obedience and bite-work, no tracking
* Mondio Ring — obedience, agility (jumps) and protection
* Schutzhund/IPO/IGP — Traditional sport; competitions are regulated by Fédération Cynologique Internationale under the IGP name.
# Pyke Glacier

Pyke Glacier (64°15′S 59°36′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 59.600°W﻿ / -64.250; -59.600) is a glacier 5 nautical miles (9 km) long, flowing southward from Detroit Plateau, between Albone and Polaris Glaciers on Nordenskjöld Coast in northern Graham Land, Antarctica. Mapped from surveys by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) (1960–61). Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Geoffrey N. Pyke (1894–1948), English scientist who in 1941 originated the ideas developed by the Studebaker Corporation into the M-29 Tracked Cargo Carrier or "Weasel," the first really successful snow vehicle.
# Peter Green and Friends

Peter Green and Friends was the name of a touring band of musicians led by Fleetwood Mac founder, singer and guitarist Peter Green.

## History

The group was formed in 2009, after Green had been out of the limelight for several years, having previously toured with the Peter Green Splinter Group. They toured the UK and Europe in 2009. The band were supported by Andrew Maxwell Morris during some of their tour dates.

## Band lineup

* Peter Green (lead guitar, vocals)
* Mike Dodd (rhythm guitar, vocals)
* Geraint Watkins (keyboards)
* Matt Radford (bass)
* Andrew Flude (drums)
* Martin Winning (tenor sax)
# Moody Point

Moody Point (63°18′S 55°1′W﻿ / ﻿63.300°S 55.017°W﻿ / -63.300; -55.017) is a point which forms the east end of Joinville Island, off the northeast end of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was discovered by a British expedition under James Clark Ross, 1839–43, and named by him for Richard Moody, lieutenant governor of the Falkland Islands.
# Embassy of Guinea, London

The Embassy of Guinea in London is the diplomatic mission of Guinea in the United Kingdom.
It was formerly located in the Belsize Business Centre, a multi-use office building in Kilburn.

## Gallery

* The old embassy building in Kilburn
# Maongo

Maongo is a settlement in Kenya's Coast Province.
# Kiriani

Kiria-ini is a settlement in Kenya's Central Province.
# KFOI

KFOI (90.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Variety format. Licensed to Red Bluff, KFOI serves the Redding and Red Bluff areas in Northern California.
# Sratsimir Hill

Sratsimir Hill (Bulgarian: хълм Срацимир, ‘Halm Sratsimir’ \'h&lm sra-tsi-'mir\) is the hill rising to 720 m at the north extremity of Korten Ridge on Davis Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is situated on Svilengrad Peninsula and surmounts Lanchester Bay to the west and Jordanoff Bay to the northeast.
The hill is named after the settlement of Sratsimir in Northeastern Bulgaria, in association with the Bulgarian ruler Tsar Ivan Sratsimir, 1356–1396.

## Location

Sratsimir Hill is located at 63°51′51″S 59°54′04″W﻿ / ﻿63.86417°S 59.90111°W﻿ / -63.86417; -59.90111, which is 8.23 km north-northwest of Sredorek Peak, 2.78 km north by west of Bankya Peak, 2.84 km southeast of Wennersgaard Point and 7.83 km northwest of Velichkov Knoll. German-British mapping in 1996.

## Map

* Trinity Peninsula. Scale 1:250000 topographic map No. 5697. Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie and British Antarctic Survey, 1996.
# Maurie Kilkeary

Maurie Kilkeary was an Australian rugby league footballer who played one match as a winger for the Eastern Suburbs against Newtown in 1940.
# Shire in the Tigray War

The town of Shire was notable in the Tigray War for its role as a major centre of internally displaced people, for the shelling of civilians, for being looted, and for massacres in November 2020 and February 2021.

## Internally displaced people

Shire became a major centre for internally displaced people (IDPs) and humanitarian aid distribution during the Tigray War. Soon after the Northern Command attacks, when armed fighting started in the federal–Tigrayan conflict, thousands of people fleeing from the fighting to the west arrived in Shire. In December 2020, when Shire was controlled by the ENDF, Shire residents accepting wheat as food aid were required to sign for twice the amount that they received, or else receive no food. Much of the wheat was transported by the EDF to Eritrea. From 4–8 March 2021, 5,000 IDPs arrived. Oliver Behn of Médecins Sans Frontières described the new arrivals as being "in very bad conditions ... very exhausted, dehydrated, skinny". In March, Shire was considered to be a humanitarian base, with 16,000 IDPs hosted in three schools converted into camps. One refugee described having "survived on just leaves for a month while she hid in a forest".
By June 2021, Shire was the town in Tigray Region hosting the highest number of IDPs, out of the total estimated 1,950,000 IDPs at the time.

## Shelling and looting

According to Human Rights Watch (HRW), 10 civilians were killed in shelling of Shire on 17 November 2020. Tigray special forces were not present in Shire at the time according to residents. The victims' bodies, showing shrapnel wounds, were laid outside Suhul hospital for identification. The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) was in control of Shire by 18 November. HRW called the shelling "unlawful" and stated that "indiscriminate attacks, and attacks expected to cause greater harm to civilians than the anticipated military gain" would constitute war crimes. According to a witness who spoke to Tghat, "factories, hotels, a mosque, churches, and condominium buildings" were destroyed by the ENDF and Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) after they entered Shire. A resident stated to The Guardian that "All government assets have been destroyed and looted".

## Massacres

Massacres of civilians in Shire including the killing of 13 people on 15 November 2020, of 200 people by the ENDF and EDF on 17 November following the entry of the two forces into Shire, and 10 on 15 February 2021. Residents attributed the 17 November executions primarily to the EDF, describing the victims as having been "slaughtered like chickens". The corpses were left to be "eaten by hyenas".
# K-Mirror (Optics)

A K-mirror is a system of 3 plane mirrors mounted on a common motor axis which runs parallel to the chief ray of the system. If looking at the system parallel to the mirror surfaces, where only the edges of the mirrors remain visible, the middle mirror and the front and back mirror look like the backbone and legs of a capital-K; this illustrates the origin of the name.

## Beam rotation

The principal use of the element is to rotate a beam that hits the first mirror on some optical axis, hits the middle and exit mirror, and leaves the system on the same principal axis. A frequent implementation occurs in the derotation stages of optical telescopes where a beam angle implied by the optical axis of the telescope is undone to keep its orientation aligned with some downstream optics. Because there is an odd number of mirrors, the overall effect also includes a flip of the image.
The design refers to a nominal zero reference angle of the motor axis, where the first mirror deflects the beam upward to the middle mirror, that one deflects the beam downward to the last mirror. The picture sketches the three mirrors outlined by magenta quadrangles, three colored rays entering from the right, an exit pupil as a green canvas, and where the rays end up in the exit pupil.
If the mirrors are rotated by 20 degrees, an equivalent ray tracing shows that they rays hit the exit pupil at places rotated by 40 degrees away from the places of the nominal angle.

## Matrix optics

The overall effect on a ray that hits the first mirror in the laboratory frame, where x is the horizontal distance to the beam center and y the vertical distance, can be computed as a succession of
* splitting the position into components perpendicular and parallel to the front mirror
* flipping the component in the incidence plane three times to incorporate the reflections from the first, middle and last mirror, which is essentially the implementation of the Fresnel equations for perfect mirrors. This can be written as a single flip because the three incidence planes are the same,
* derotate the position with the inverse of the first split matrix to end up with a representation in the original laboratory frame.
The three matrices act on column vectors from the left, so the product of them shows the first matrix on the right. β+β$_0$ is the motor angle and its offset in the laboratory reference frame:
    $\left({\begin{array}{cc}\cos(\beta +\beta _{0})&-\sin(\beta +\beta _{0})\\\sin(\beta +\beta _{0})&\cos(\beta +\beta _{0})\\\end{array}}\right)\left({\begin{array}{cc}1&0\\0&-1\\\end{array}}\right)\left({\begin{array}{cc}\cos(-\beta -\beta _{0})&-\sin(-\beta -\beta _{0})\\\sin(-\beta -\beta _{0})&\cos(-\beta -\beta _{0})\\\end{array}}\right)=\left({\begin{array}{cc}\cos[2(\beta +\beta _{0})]&\sin[2(\beta +\beta _{0})]\\\sin[2(\beta +\beta _{0})]&-\cos[2(\beta +\beta _{0})]\\\end{array}}\right)$
The interesting point here is that the rotation of the mechanics by the angle β rotates the image by the angle 2β in the laboratory frame. Because the elements flip the image, the determinant of the matrix is negative.
# Pingdong

Pingdong may refer to:
* Pingtung County (屏東縣), or Pingdong from its pinyin name, Taiwan, Republic of China
* Pingtung City (屏東市), the seat of Pingtung County
# Ecphysis

Ecphysis is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.