OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1937 Xavier Musketeers football team

The 1937 Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University as an independent during the 1937 college football season. In their third year under head coach Clem Crowe, the Musketeers compiled a 4–5–1 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | Transylvania | Corcoran FieldCincinnati, OH | W 43–0 | |
| October 2 | Kentucky | Corcoran FieldCincinnati, OH | L 0–6 | |
| October 8 | at Providence | Cranston StadiumCranston, RI | L 6–7 | 8,000 |
| October 16 | West Virginia | Corcoran FieldCincinnati, OH | L 7–13 | 6,000 |
| October 24 | at Canisius | Roesch Memorial StadiumBuffalo, NY | T 0–0 | 2,600 |
| October 30 | Centre | Corcoran FieldCincinnati, OH | L 0–21 | |
| November 6 | Creighton | Corcoran FieldCincinnati, OH | W 19–0 | |
| November 13 | at Baldwin–Wallace | Baldwin–Wallace StadiumBerea, OH | L 12–20 | 4,200 |
| November 20 | Akron | Corcoran FieldCincinnati, OH | W 6–0 | |
| November 25 | Toledo | Corcoran FieldCincinnati, OH | W 8–6 | 8,500 |
# 1954 Omloop Het Volk

The 1954 Omloop Het Volk was the tenth edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 14 March 1954. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Karel De Baere.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Karel De Baere (BEL) | 6h 17' 00" |
| 2 | Roger de Corte (BEL) | + 0" |
| 3 | Jan de Valck (BEL) | + 0" |
| 4 | René Mertens (BEL) | + 0" |
| 5 | Ernest Sterckx (BEL) | + 0" |
| 6 | Joseph van Stayen (BEL) | + 0" |
| 7 | Lode Anthonis (BEL) | + 0" |
| 8 | Gilbert Desmet (BEL) | + 0" |
| 9 | André Vlayen (BEL) | + 0" |
| 10 | Basiel Wambeke (BEL) | + 0" |
# 1996 in Estonia

This article lists events that occurred during 1996 in Estonia.

## Incumbents

* President - Lennart Meri
* Prime Minister - Tiit Vähi

## Births

* 9 May - Saron Läänmäe, footballer

## Deaths

* 30 May - Alo Mattiisen, composer (born 1961)
* 10 July - Eno Raud, children's writer (born 1928)
# 1958 European Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres

The men's 5000 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 21 and 23 August 1958.

## Medalists

| Gold | Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Poland |
| Silver | Kazimierz Zimny Poland |
| Bronze | Gordon Pirie Great Britain |

## Results
### Final

23 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak | Poland | 13:53.4 | CR |
| | Kazimierz Zimny | Poland | 13:55.2 | |
| | Gordon Pirie | Great Britain | 14:01.6 | |
| 4 | Peter Clark | Great Britain | 14:03.8 | |
| 5 | Aleksandr Artynyuk | Soviet Union | 14:05.6 | |
| 6 | Sándor Iharos | Hungary | 14:07.2 | |
| 7 | Miroslav Jurek | Czechoslovakia | 14:12.2 | |
| 8 | Friedrich Janke | East Germany | 14:17.0 | |
| 9 | Michel Bernard | France | 14:18.4 | |
| 10 | Miklós Szabó | Hungary | 14:29.4 | |
| 11 | Hubert Pärnäkivi [ru] | Soviet Union | 14:34.8 | |
| 12 | Ludwig Müller | West Germany | 14:34.8 | |

### Heats

21 August

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Sándor Iharos | Hungary | 14:05.6 | Q |
| 2 | Michel Bernard | France | 14:05.8 | NR Q |
| 3 | Kazimierz Zimny | Poland | 14:08.0 | Q |
| 4 | Gordon Pirie | Great Britain | 14:08.4 | Q |
| 5 | Ludwig Müller | West Germany | 14:08.8 | Q |
| 6 | Hubert Pärnäkivi [ru] | Soviet Union | 14:09.0 | Q |
| 7 | Eero Tuomaala | Finland | 14:10.8 | |
| 8 | Hein Cuje | Netherlands | 14:12.8 | |
| 9 | Albert Messitt | Ireland | 14:14.8 | NR |
| 10 | Marcel Vandewattyne | Belgium | 14:18.2 | |
| 11 | Sven Lundgren | Sweden | 14:27.6 | |
| 12 | Thyge Thøgersen | Denmark | 14:29.0 | |
| 13 | Christos Chiotis | Greece | 14:33.6 | |
| 14 | José Molina | Spain | 14:57.8 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Aleksandr Artynyuk | Soviet Union | 14:06.8 | Q |
| 2 | Peter Clark | Great Britain | 14:09.6 | Q |
| 3 | Miklós Szabó | Hungary | 14:12.2 | Q |
| 4 | Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak | Poland | 14:12.4 | Q |
| 5 | Miroslav Jurek | Czechoslovakia | 14:12.4 | Q |
| 6 | Friedrich Janke | East Germany | 14:12.4 | Q |
| 7 | Jorma Kakko | Finland | 14:16.4 | |
| 8 | Maurice Chiclet | France | 14:17.0 | |
| 9 | Manuel Alonso | Spain | 14:18.0 | NR |
| 10 | Joep Delnoye | Netherlands | 14:18.4 | |
| 11 | Eugène Allonsius | Belgium | 14:24.2 | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 25 athletes from 16 countries participated in the event.
* Belgium (2)
* Czechoslovakia (1)
* Denmark (1)
* East Germany (1)
* Finland (2)
* France (2)
* Greece (1)
* Hungary (2)
* Ireland (1)
* Netherlands (2)
* Poland (2)
* Soviet Union (2)
* Spain (2)
* Sweden (1)
* Great Britain (2)
* West Germany (1)
# 384th

384th may refer to:
* 384th Air Expeditionary Group, provisional United States Air Force unit assigned to the Air Combat Command
* 384th Air Expeditionary Wing, inactive unit of the United States Air Force
* 384th Air Refueling Squadron (384 ARS) is part of the 22d Air Refueling Wing at McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas
* 384th Bombardment Squadron or 134th Fighter Squadron, unit of the Vermont Air National Guard 158th Fighter Wing located at Burlington Air National Guard Base, Vermont
* 384th Fighter Squadron, inactive United States Air Force unit
* 384th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) formed during the winter of 1941/42, as part of the 18th wave
# 1937 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's doubles

The 1937 World Table Tennis Championships women's doubles was the tenth edition of the women's doubles championship. Věra Votrubcová and Vlasta Depetrisová defeated Wendy Woodhead and Margaret Osborne in the final by three sets to nil.

## Results

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Lillian Hutchings Stefanie Werle | 21 | 21 | 14 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Zita Lemo Gertrude Pritzi | 19 | 16 | 21 | 18 | | Hutchings Werle | 22 | 14 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | |
| Ginette Soulage Jeanne Delay | 8 | 22 | 21 | 12 | 23 | Soulage Delay | 20 | 21 | 18 | 15 | | | | | | | |
| Ida Ferenczy Dora Beregi | 21 | 20 | 15 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | Hutchings Werle | 0 | | | | |
| Věra Votrubcová Vlasta Depetrisová | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | Votrubcová Depetrisová | 3 | | | | |
| Astrid Krebsbach-Hobohm Hilde Bussmann | 15 | 14 | 16 | | | Votrubcová Depetrisová | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | |
| Constance Wheaton Doris Jordan | 21 | 18 | 21 | 13 | 21 | Wheaton Jordan | 12 | 8 | 13 | | | | | | | | |
| Mária Mednyánszky Anna Sipos | 19 | 21 | 16 | 21 | 18 | | | | | | | | | Votrubcová Depetrisová | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Marie Kettnerová Marie Šmídová | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | | | Osborne Woodhead | 16 | 18 | 17 |
| | | | | | | Kettnerová Šmídová | 14 | 21 | 21 | 17 | 21 | | | | | | |
| Magda Kiraly Magda Gál | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | Kiraly Gál | 21 | 9 | 15 | 21 | 15 | | | | | | |
| Tabak Schwanzer | 17 | 12 | 9 | | | | | | | | | Kettnerová Šmídová | 2 | | | | |
| Margaret Osborne Wendy Woodhead | 21 | 16 | 17 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | Osborne Woodhead | 3 | | | | |
| Gertrude Kleinová Podhajecka | 18 | 21 | 21 | 15 | 14 | Osborne Woodhead | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gertrude Wildam von Benes | 17 | 22 | 21 | 21 | | Wildam von Benes | 0 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ana Alaker | 21 | 20 | 18 | 13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 1966 Australian Labor Party leadership spill

A leadership spill in the Australian Labor Party, the party of opposition in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 27 April 1966. It followed a challenge by party deputy-leader Gough Whitlam against incumbent leader Arthur Calwell. Calwell received 49 votes to Whitlam's 25 in a caucus ballot. After claiming victory Calwell then announced that if Labor was defeated at the impending 1966 federal election, he would not stand for the leadership again.

## Results

The following table gives the ballot results:
| Name | Name | Votes | Percentage |
| | Arthur Calwell | 49 | 66.21 |
| | Gough Whitlam | 25 | 33.79 |
# Abell 2065

Abell 2065 is a highly concentrated galaxy cluster in the constellation of Corona Borealis containing over 400 member galaxies, the brightest of which are 16th magnitude. The cluster is more than one billion light-years from Earth. On a larger scale still, Abell 2065, along with Abell 2061, Abell 2067, Abell 2079, Abell 2089, and Abell 2092, make up the Corona Borealis Supercluster.
# 5-Fluoroorotic acid

5-Fluoroorotic acid (5FOA) is a fluorinated derivative of the pyrimidine precursor orotic acid. It is used in yeast genetics to select for the absence of the URA3 gene, which encodes the enzyme for the decarboxylation of 5-fluoroorotic acid to 5-fluorouracil, a toxic metabolite. It has also been used in diatom selection.
# 1941 Missouri Tigers football team

The 1941 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Six Conference (Big 6) during the 1941 college football season. The team compiled an 8–2 record (5–0 against Big 6 opponents), won the Big 6 championship, lost to Fordham in the 1942 Sugar Bowl, outscored all opponents by a combined total of 226 to 39, and was ranked No. 7 in the final AP Poll. Don Faurot was the head coach for the seventh of 19 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.
The team's leading scorer was junior halfback Bob Steuber with 67 points. Five Missouri players were selected by the United Press as first-team players on the 1941 All-Big Six Conference football team: Steuber; senior quarterback Harry Ice; senior center Darold Jenkins; senior guard Robert Jeffries; and senior tackle Norville Wallach. Three others (quarterback Maurice Wade, end Bert Ekern, and tackle Robert Brenton) were named to the second team.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | at Ohio State* | | Ohio StadiumColumbus, OH | L 7–12 | 49,671 |
| October 4 | Colorado* | | Memorial StadiumColumbia, MO | W 21–6 | 5,000 |
| October 11 | Kansas State | | Memorial StadiumColumbia, MO | W 35–0 | |
| October 18 | at Iowa State | | Clyde Williams FieldAmes, IA (rivalry) | W 39–13 | 15,000 |
| October 25 | Nebraska | | Memorial StadiumColumbia, MO (rivalry) | W 6–0 | 29,000 |
| November 1 | at Michigan State* | No. 19 | Macklin FieldEast Lansing, MI | W 19–0 | 15,750 |
| November 8 | at NYU* | No. 17 | Yankee StadiumNew York, NY | W 26–0 | 6,700 |
| November 15 | Oklahoma | No. 16 | Memorial StadiumColumbia, MO (rivalry) | W 28–0 | 27,000 |
| November 22 | at Kansas | No. 8 | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS (rivalry) | W 45–6 | > 14,000 |
| January 1, 1942 | vs. No. 6 Fordham* | No. 7 | Tulane StadiumNew Orleans, LA (Sugar Bowl) | L 0–2 | 73,000 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# 1997 in motorsport

The following is an overview of the events of 1997 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.

## Annual events

The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.
| Date | Event |
| 4–19 January | 19th Dakar Rally |
| 1–2 February | 35th 24 Hours of Daytona |
| 16 February | 39th Daytona 500 |
| 11 May | 55th Monaco Grand Prix |
| 26–27 May | 81st Indianapolis 500 |
| 26 May-6 June | 80th Isle of Man TT |
| 7–8 June | 25th 24 Hours of Nurburgring |
| 14–15 June | 65th 24 Hours of Le Mans |
| 26–27 July | 49th 24 Hours of Spa |
| 27 July | 20th Suzuka 8 Hours |
| 3 August | 7th Masters of Formula 3 |
| 5 October | 38th AMP Bathurst 1000 |
| 19 October | 39th Primus 1000 Classic |
| 16 November | 44th Macau Grand Prix |
| 6–7 December | 10th Race of Champions |

## Deaths

| Date | Month | Name | Age | Nationality | Occupation | Note | Ref |
| 19 | May | Troy Ruttman | 67 | American | Racing driver | Winner of the Indianapolis 500 (1952) | |
| 6 | June | Eitel Cantoni | 90 | Uruguayan | Racing driver | The first Uruguayan Formula One driver. | |
# Abrams House (Pittsburgh)

The Abrams House was an architecturally notable residence in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1979–82 and was considered Pittsburgh's earliest example of Postmodern architecture. The house was designed by postmodernist pioneer Robert Venturi, who called the design "one of the best that has come out of our office".
The house was commissioned by retirees Betty and Irving Abrams, who were inspired by the nearby Frank House to commission an architecturally bold residence. It was constructed on a subdivided lot directly behind another notable house, the Giovannitti House, with which it shares a driveway. Construction of the Giovannitti House was partially funded by the sale of land for the Abrams House. The house sat on a private drive called Woodland Road which runs adjacent to Chatham University and contains a number of notable residences.
When Betty Abrams died in 2018, the house was purchased by the owners of the neighboring Giovannitti House, who planned to demolish it. In order to block the demolition, the Abrams House was nominated as a Pittsburgh historic landmark by the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation in December 2018, but the nomination was rejected by the Pittsburgh City Council due to the poor condition of the house and its location in an area inaccessible to the general public.
The house was of frame and masonry construction with a distinctive wavelike roof. The front elevation featured a large, irregular window wrapping around and over the main entrance which combined stepped rectangular forms with radiating spokes that continued in a painted green and white sunburst pattern over much of the wall surface. A high ribbon window wrapped around the other sides of the house. The interior was painted in white and primary colors and was decorated with a large mural by Roy Lichtenstein.
As of late November 2022, the house had been demolished.
# 1959 British Saloon Car Championship

The 1959 BRSCC British Saloon Car Championship was the second season of the championship. It began at Goodwood on 30 March and finished at Brands Hatch on 29 August. Jeff Uren became the second BSCC champion, thanks to his domination of Class C in his Ford Zephyr.

## Calendar & Winners

All races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners of multi-class races in bold.
| Round | Round | Circuit | Date | Class A Winner | Class B Winner | Class C Winner | Class D Winner |
| 1 | 1 | Goodwood Circuit, West Sussex | 30 March | George 'Doc' Shepherd | Les Leston | Jeff Uren | Ivor Bueb |
| 2 | 2 | Aintree Motor Racing Circuit, Liverpool | 18 April | George 'Doc' Shepherd | Les Leston | Jeff Uren | Ivor Bueb |
| 3 | 3 | Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire | 2 May | George 'Doc' Shepherd | Gunnar Andersson | Peter Blond | Ivor Bueb |
| 4 | A | Crystal Palace, London | 18 May | Geoff Williamson | Les Leston | Not contested. | Not contested. |
| 4 | B | Goodwood Circuit, West Sussex | 18 May | Not contested. | Not contested. | Jeff Uren | Gawaine Baillie |
| 5 | 5 | Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit, Norfolk | 14 June | George 'Doc' Shepherd | Peter Pilsworth | Jeff Uren | Gawaine Baillie |
| 6 | A | Brands Hatch, Kent | 3 August | Geoff Williamson | Not contested. | Not contested. | Not contested. |
| 6 | B | Brands Hatch, Kent | 3 August | Not contested. | Les Leston | Jeff Uren | Gawaine Baillie |
| 7 | A | Brands Hatch, Kent | 29 August | Geoff Williamson | Not contested. | Not contested. | Not contested. |
| 7 | B | Brands Hatch, Kent | 29 August | Not contested. | Bill Blydenstein | Jeff Uren | Jack Sears |

## Championship results

Driver's championship :
| Pos. | Driver | Car | Team | Class | Points |
| 1 | Jeff Uren | Ford Zephyr | Jeff Uren | C | 46 |
| 2 | Doc Shepherd | Austin A40 | | A | 42 |
| 3 | Les Leston | Riley 1.5 | | B | 38 |
| 4 | Len Adams | Austin A35 | Team Speedwell | A | 34 |
| 5 | Bill Blydenstein | Borgward Isabella | | B | 33 |
| 6 | Geoff Williamson | Austin A40 | Alexander Engineering Co | A | 26 |
# 5-Fluorowillardiine

5-Fluorowillardiine is a selective agonist for the AMPA receptor, with only limited effects at the kainate receptor. It is an excitotoxic neurotoxin when used in vivo and so is rarely used in intact animals, but it is widely used to selectively stimulate AMPA receptors in vitro. It is structurally similar to the compound willardiine, which is also an agonist for the AMPA and kainate receptors. Willardiine occurs naturally in Mariosousa willardiana and Acacia sensu lato.
The name is unusual as it has two successive i's. This is not a typo.

## Toxicity

(S)-5-Fluorowillardiine activity has been studied in vitro in a variety of neural tissues. In mouse embryo hippocampal neurons, it was found to desensitize AMPA/kainate receptors with an EC50 of 1.5 μM –— 7 times more potent than racemic AMPA (EC50 of 11 μM). In another study, (S)-5-Fluorowillardiine showed biphasic dose-dependent neurotoxicity in cultural rodent cortical neurons, with EC50 values of 0.70 and 170 μM. While in vivo research is sparse, a study in 5-day-old mice injected with the closely related AMPA/kainate agonist (S)-5-Bromowillardiine showed cortical and white matter damage. AMPA antagonists reduced the extent of the damage in a dose-dependent fashion.

## Applications in research

Radiolabeled 5-fluorowillardiine has been used to study the distribution of ionotropic glutamate receptors in rodent brains. It has also been used to evaluate the effects of various allosteric modulators of the AMPA receptor.

## Chemistry
### Structure and activity

5-fluorowillardiine is derived from the nitrogenous base uracil found in RNA. It is one member of a family of willardiine compounds, which share uracil or a substituted uracil as an amino acid side chain. 5-Fluorowillardiine exists as two distinct isomers:
* (2R) or D
* (2S) or L
The particularly high affinity of 5-fluorowillardiine for the AMPA receptor is attributed to its fluorine substituent at the 5-position of the ring, which is electron-withdrawing and small enough to not interfere with binding. By contrast, related willardiine derivatives with larger nonpolar electron withdrawing groups exhibit greater affinity for kainate receptors than 5-fluorowillardiine, and less affinity for AMPA receptors.
The binding of 5-fluorowillardiine to the AMPA receptor is driven by entropy when its ring is uncharged. When the ring is deprotonated and has a negative charge, a favorable change in enthalpy primarily drives binding. Because the pKa values of halogenated willardiine derivates are approximately 8 (7.98 for 5-Fluorowillardiine), binding is mostly driven by an increase in entropy at physiological pH.

### Synthesis

The synthesis of 5-Fluorowillardiine may be achieved by using 5-Fluorouracil as a nucleophile to open a specialized lactone in an SN2 reaction. Another straightforward approach is to perform a Strecker amino acid synthesis.
# 1944 Günter

1944 Günter, provisional designation 1925 RA, is an asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter.
It was discovered on 14 September 1925, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named after the discoverer's son, Günter Reinmuth.

## Orbit and classification

Günter orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.7–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,224 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken and no prior identifications were made, the body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, one night after its official discovery observation.

## Physical characteristics

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Günter measures 4.9 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.117. As of 2017, its composition, rotation period and shape remain unknown.

## Naming

This minor planet was named by Karl Reinmuth after his son, Günter Reinmuth. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 April 1977 (M.P.C. 4157).
# 1966 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship

The 1966 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 76th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.
Thurles Sarsfields were the defending champions.
On 6 November 1966, Carrick Davins won the championship after a 2–12 to 1–02 defeat of Lorrha in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their first ever championship title.
# 1997 in organized crime
## Events

* The gangs of Çole, Gaxhai and Pusi i Mezinit are established in Vlorë amidst the 1997 Albanian civil unrest.
* January 7 – "Fat" Herbie Blitzstein was shot to death inside his Las Vegas townhouse.
* June 6 – Arrest of Pietro Aglieri, boss of the Santa Maria di Gesù Mafia family in Palermo, in a disused lemon warehouse in the dilapidated industrial area Bagheria together with his "right hand" men, Natale Gambino and Giuseppe La Mattina. It took the authorities almost a year to locate him following the arrest of his right-hand man Carlo Greco. Apparently, Giovanni Brusca, a Riina loyalist arrested in May 1996, helped police identify Aglieri. He had been on the run since 1989.
* August – Masaru Takumi, the founding head of the Takumi-gumi, a large branch of the Yamaguchi-gumi, was assassinated by the Nakano-kai.

## Arts and literature

* 8 Heads in a Duffel Bag (film), starring Joe Pesci and David Spade
* Bella Mafia (film)
* Diaro una siciliana ribelle (film)
* Donnie Brasco (film), starring Al Pacino, Johnny Depp, Michael Madsen and Bruno Kirby.
* Hoodlum (film), starring Laurence Fishburne, Tim Roth and Andy García.
* Jackie Brown (film), starring Samuel L. Jackson, Michael Keaton and Robert De Niro.
* Suicide Kings (film)
* The Last Don (television miniseries), starring Danny Aiello, Joe Mantegna, and Burt Young.
* The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (documentary)
* Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia (non-fiction book), by Peter Maas.
* Brother (film)
* Face (film)

## Deaths

* January – Victor Spilotro, Chicago mobster and brother of Anthony Spilotro and Michael Spilotro
* January 2 – Sam Carlisi "Wings", Chicago Outfit boss
* May 31 – Johnny Papalia is murdered by Kenneth Murdock
* June 7 – Sam DeCavalcante "The Plumber", retired boss of the New Jersey mafia family
* August 28 – Masaru Takumi, founding head of the Takumi-gumi
* October 22 – Matthew "Mike" Trupiano Jr., St. Louis mafia boss
# Abir Sultan

Abir Sultan (born 1985) is an Israeli photographer.

## Biography

Sultan was born in Israel in 1985. He began to work as photographer in the Israeli Army's Spokesperson's Unit, documenting Israeli events such as the disengagement of the Jewish settlements from Gaza, Second Lebanon War and fighting in Gaza. After completing his military service, Sultan worked as a freelancer for Bluepress agency Yedioth Ahronoth newspaper. Sultan started to work in the Jerusalem based agency Flash90, providing photos for the Maariv newspaper. His photographs were published in newspapers and magazines around the world, including the Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, Le Monde, The Irish Times and Stern. Sultan is currently a staff photographer for the European Pressphoto Agency.

## Exhibitions
### Group

* 2009. "Chroniques Orientales". Polka Galerie, Paris.
* 2010. World Press Photo.
* 2012. Local Testimony 2012. Eretz Israel Museum.
* 2014. Tel Aviv Photo 2014. Pavilion 16. Tel Aviv.
* 2015. Local Testimony 2015. Eretz Israel Museum.

## Awards

* 2014. Best Photos. EPA Awards.
* 2015. First Prize. Society and Community category. Local Testimony 2015.
* 2015. Nomination. Joop Swart Masterclass.