# Peranakan

Peranakan is an ethnic group in Southeast Asia that is famous in Malaysia,Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia. It is a metaphor for ethnicities that are born such as the way of life, culture and language of the Malay or Borneo Natives practiced by the Chinese, Indian, European and other ethnic groups. Famous Peranakan ethnicities are Baba-Nyonya , Chetty , Jawi Peranakan , Kristang , Sino-Native , Kiau-Seng and Baba-Yaya.
Many people misunderstand or confuse 'Peranakan' ethnic and (peranakan rahim/womb') are related from a metaphorical point of view even though they are different meaning. The word peranakan is taken from the words peranak and anak which means the place where we are born. It is a metaphor for the newly born ethnic group named by the Malays of that time.

## History
### Malaysia

Malaya has long been visited by foreign traders from all over the world such as India in the 5th century, mainland China in the 7th century and Arabs in the 8th century. In fact, intermarriage between Chinese & Malay, Indian & Malay or Arab & Malay has been happening for a long time in the era of the arrival of Islam to the Malay Peninsula, it's just that the ethnic term "Peranakan" has not been advertised.
In the beginning there was only one Peranakan ethnicity, namely Baba Nyonyawhich was based in the city of Malacca in the 15th century. Currently Arab & Indian traders continue to expand to spread Islam in Malaya such as in Kedah , Terengganu , Kelantan , Malacca and Johor .
Then the city of Malacca was attacked by the Portuguese in 1511. The city of Malacca was attacked by the Dutch in 1643 to 1825. During that period from the remnants of Portuguese colonization to the Netherlands, the Portuguese-Dutch Peranakan ethnic group Kristang was born. In the era of the 18th century Arab merchants were rapidly born Arab Peranakanin 1866 , not forgetting the ethnic Peranakan Indian which is Chetty in 1781. In the state of war at that time, the British had arrived in Malaya from the 18th century, then there was an Anglo-Dutch agreement in 1824.
The British began to colonize Malaya in the 19th century until the 20th century . In this era, the influx of Chinese & Indian immigrants was widespread in the strait states such as Penang, Malacca, Dinding and Singapore. In Penang, the largest number of Indian & Indian Muslim arrivals are ethnic Jawi Peranakan in 1870.

### Thailand

The emergence of Peranakan Chinese in Thailand after the migration of Baba Nyonya from Malacca to Penang, then some of them split to Kelantan and Terengganu, another line of Penang headed to Southern Thailand .For many years adapting to the local community, finally they married a Siamese then Baba Yayawas born starting from Phuket spread to Ranong ,Satun ,Trang ,Phang Nga and Krabi.

## Type of ethnicity

| Name | Descent | Language | Famous dish | Place |
| Baba Nyonya (Peranakan Chinese) | Chinese | Bahasa Malaysia , Baba Malay | Ayam kapitan & Laksa nyonya | Malacca(origin), Penang, Terengganu, Kelantan, Sarawak & Singapore |
| Chetty (Peranakan Indian)&(Peranakan Chinese) | Indian , Chinese | Bahasa Malaysia, Baba Malay, Malay Chetty creole language | Pulut tartal | Malacca(origin) & Singapore |
| Kristang (Serani/Portuguese Dutch) | Portuguese , Dutch , Chinese , Indian , Malay | Bahasa Malaysia ,Kristang creole & English | Ikan Bakar Portugis | Malacca(origin), Kuala Lumpur, Penang & Singapore |
| Arab Peranakan (Arab-Persian-Hadrami) | Arab , Malay | Bahasa Malaysia , Arabic | Nasi Arab | Penang, Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Malacca, Johor & Singapore |
| Jawi Peranakan (Indian Muslim/Mamak) | Indian Muslim , Malay , Chinese | Bahasa Malaysia ,Tamil language | Nasi kandar | Penang(origin) & Singapore |
| Peranakan Samsam (Peranakan Siam-Malay) | Siamese , Malay , Chinese | Bahasa Melayu & Thai language | Pulut Mangga | Perlis , Kedah & Kuala Lumpur |
| Sino-Native (Peranakan Sabahan native/Peranakan Sino) | Chinese , Kadazan , Dusun , Rungus , Sungei , Bisaya , Murut , Iban | Sabahan language | Hinava | Sabah & Brunei |
| Tatana Peranakan | Chinese , Kadazan , Dusun | Sabahan language | Pinatung | Beaufort & Kuala Penyu (Sabah) |
| Baba Yaya (Southern Thai Peranakan) | Chinese , Siamese , Southern Thai Malay | Thai language , Chinese language | Padkrapao | Phuket(origin), Southern Thailand |
| Kiau Seng (Peranakan Chinese Indo/Tionghoa Selat) | Chinese , Javanese , Indonesian | Bahasa Jawa , Bahasa Melayu , Bahasa Indonesia | type of Soto | Medan, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung, Batavia & Tangerang, Kalimantan (Indonesia) |