# List of Indigenous peoples of Brazil

This is a list of the Brazil's Indigenous or Native peoples.
This is a sortable listing of peoples, associated language families, Indigenous locations, and population estimates with dates. A particular group listing may include more than one area because the group is distributed in more than one area.

## Background

The Indigenous peoples in Brazil (Portuguese: povos indígenas no Brasil) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups, who have inhabited the country prior to the European. The word índios ("Indians"), was by then established to designate the people of the Americas and is still used today in the Portuguese language to designate these peoples, while the people of Asiatic India are called indianos.
At the time of first European contact, some of the Indigenous peoples were traditionally semi-nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture, and arboriculture. Many of the estimated 2,000 nations and tribes which existed in the 16th century died out as a consequence of the European settlement. Most of the Indigenous population died due to European diseases and warfare, declining from an estimated pre-Columbian high of millions to some 300,000 in 1997, grouped into some 200 tribes. A few tribes were assimilated into the Brazilian population.
In 2007, FUNAI reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil, an increase from 40 in 2005. With this addition Brazil has now surpassed New Guinea as the country having the largest number of uncontacted peoples.
Seven Terras Indígenas (TI) (Reservations) are exclusively reserved for isolated people:
* TI Alto Tarauacá in Acre – Various tribes. (Isolados do Alto Tarauacá)
* TI Hi-Merimã in Amazonas – Himerimã. (Isolados do médio Purus)
* TI Massaco in Rondônia – Sirionó (Isolados do rio São Simão)
* TI Igarapé Omerê in Rondônia – Kanoe do Omerê & Akuntsu
* TI Rio Muqui in Rondônia – Isolados das cabeceiras do rio Muqui (Given as Miqueleno-Kujubim in the table).
* TI Rio Pardo in Mato Grosso and Amazonas – Isolados do Rio Pardo (Tupi–Guarani–Kawahibi).
* TI Xinane isolados in Acre – Unidentified.

## Table of Indigenous peoples of Brazil

| Name | Other names | Language Family | Location | Population census/estimated | Year |
| Aikanã | Massacá, Tubarão, Columbiara, Mundé, Mondé, Huari, Aikaná | Aikanã | Rondônia | 350 | 2014 |
| Aimoré | Botocudo, Krenak | Krenak | Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo | 350 | 2010 |
| Ajurú | Wayoró, Ayurú, Uaiora, Wajaru, Wayurú | Tupari | Roraima | 80 | 2000 |
| Akuntsu | Akunt'su | Tupari | Rondônia | 3 | 2022 |
| Amahuaca | Amaguaco, Amawaka, Amenguaca, Ameuhaque, Ipitineri, Sayaco Yora | Panoan | Amazonas | 500 | 2000 |
| Amanayé | Amanaié, Amanyé, Araradeua | Tupí–Guaraní | Pará | 178 | 2014 |
| Amondaua | Amondawa, Amundava, Amundawa, Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau | Tupi–Guarani | Rondônia, Acre | 115 | 2010 |
| Anacé | | | Ceará | 2018 | 2014 |
| Anambé | | Tupi–Guarani | Pará | 161 | 2014 |
| Anapuru Muypurá | | | Maranhão | 150 | 2021 |
| Aparai | Apalai, Apalaí, Apalay, Appirois, Aparathy, Apareilles, Aparai | Karib | Pará, French Guiana, Suriname | 564 | 2014 |
| Apiacá | Apiaká | Tupi–Guarani | Mato Grosso, Pará | 850 | 2014 |
| Apinajé | Apinayé, Apinaié | Jê | Tocantins | 2,277 | 2014 |
| Apolima Arara | Arara do Rio Amônia, Arara Apolima | Portuguese | Acre | 297 | 2012 |
| Apurinã | Ipurinãn, Kangite, Popengare | Arawakan | Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia | 9,487 | 2014 |
| Aranã | | Portuguese | Minas Gerais | 362 | 2010 |
| Arapaso | Arapaço, Araspaso, Koneá | Tucano | Amazonas | 448 | 2014 |
| Arara | Arara do Pará, Ajujure, Ukaragma | Karib | Pará | 377 | 2014 |
| Arara da Volta Grande do Xingu | Arara do Maia | Portuguese | Pará | 143 | 2014 |
| Arara do Rio Amônia | Arara Apolima | | Acre | 434 | 2014 |
| Arara do Rio Branco | Arara do Beiradão, Arara do Aripuanã, Mato Grosso Arára | | Mato Grosso | 249 | 2014 |
| Arara Shawãdawa | Arara do Acre, Shawanaua | Panoan | Acre | 677 | 2014 |
| Araueté | Araweté, Bïde | Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup V | Amazonas | 442 | 2012 |
| Arikapú | Arikapu, Aricapú, | Yabutian languages | Rondônia | 33 | 2012 |
| Aruá | Aruachi, Aruáshi | Tupian languages | Rondônia | 131 | 2012 |
| Ashaninka | Ashenika, Kampa | Asháninka language | Acre and Peru | Brazil: 1,201 Peru: 97,477 | 2012, 2007 |
| Assurini do Tocantins | Akuawa, Asurini | Tupi–Guarani | Tocantins | 516 | 2012 |
| Assurini do Xingu | Assurini, Awaete | Tupi–Guarani | Pará | 165 | 2012 |
| Atikum | Aticum | Portuguese | Bahia, Pernambuco | 7,924 | 2012 |
| Avá-Canoeiro | Canoeiro, Cara-Preta, Carijó | Tupi–Guarani, Subgroup IV | Bananal Island, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Tocantins | 17 | 2012 |
| Aweti | Aueti, Awytyza, Enumaniá, Anumaniá, Auetö | Aweti, Kamayurá language, Portuguese | Mato Grosso | 195 | 2011 |
| Bakairi | Bacairi, Kurä, Kurâ | Karib | Mato Grosso | 929 | 2012 |
| Banawá | | Arawá | Amazonas | 200 | 2012 |
| Baniwa | Baniba, Baniua do Içana, Baniva, Baniua, Curipaco, Dakenei, Issana, Kohoroxitari, Maniba, Walimanai | Arawakan | Amazonas, Colombia, and Venezuela | 6,070 | 1983 |
| Bará | Bara tukano, Waípinõmakã | Tucano | Amazonas and Colombia | Brazil: 21 Colombia: 296 | 2012 (1988) |
| Barasana | Panenoá | Barasana language, Tucano | Amazonas and Colombia | Brazil: 46 Colombia: 939 | 2012 (1998) |
| Baré | Hanera | Arawakan | Amazonas and Venezuela | Brazil: 10,275 Venezuela: 2,815 | 2005, 2001 |
| Bororo | Araripoconé, Araés, Boe, Coxiponé, Cuiabá, Coroados, Porrudos | Bororo | Mato Grosso | 1,677 | 2012 |
| Canela | Kanela, Ramkokamekrá, Apanyekrá, Timbira | Jê | Maranhão | 2103 | 2011 |
| Catauxi | | | Amazonas | | |
| Chamacoco | Ishiro, Jeywo, Yshyro | Zamucoan languages | Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay | Brazil: 40 Paraguay: 1,515 | 1994, 2002 |
| Chiquitano | Chiquito | Chiquitano language | Mato Grosso and Bolivia | Brazil: 473 Bolivia: 108,206 | 2012, 2001 |
| Cinta Larga | Matetamãe | Tupian languages | Rondônia and Mato Grosso | 1,757 | 2012 |
| Deni | Jamamadi | Arawá | Amazonas | 1,394 | 2012 |
| Desano | Desana, Dessano | Tucano | Amazonas and Colombia | Brazil: 2,204 Colombia: 2,036 | 2005, 1998 |
| Dâw | Dow, Kamã, Makú | Maku | Amazonas | 83 | 1994 |
| Enawene Nawe | Enawenê-Nawê, Enáuenês-nauê, Salumã | Arawakan | Mato Grosso | 566 | 2010 |
| Fulniô | Fulni-o | Ia–tê | Pernambuco | 4,336 | 2010 |
| Gavião Pykopjê | Gavião do Maranhão, Gavião Pukobiê, Gavião do Leste, Timbira, Pykopcatejê | Jê | Maranhão | 647 | 2010 |
| Guajá | Avá, Awá | Tupi–Guarani, Subgroup VIII | Maranhão | 355 | 2010 |
| Guajajara | Guajájara, Guazazzara, Tenetehar, Tenetehara | Tupi–Guarani, Subgroup IV | Maranhão | 23,949 | 2010 |
| Guarani-Kaiowá/Pai Tavytera | Caingua, Caiua, Caiwa, Cayua, Kaiova, Kaiwá, Kayova | Tupi–Guarani, Subgroup I | Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) | Brazil: 18,000 (Total in all countries: 18,510) | 2003 |
| Guató | | Jê | Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul | 370 | 2008 |
| Hupda | Hup, Hupdë, Jupde, Ubdé | Makú | Amazonas and Colombia | 1,210 | 195 |
| Ikpeng | Txicão | Karib | Mato Grosso | 459 | 2010 |
| Ingarikó | Acahuayo, Acewaio, Akawai, Akawaio, and Kapon | Karib | Roraima, Guyana and Venezuela | Brazil: 675 Guyana: 4,000 Venezuela: 728 | 2010, 1990, 1992 |
| Iranxe | Irantxe, Iranxe Manoki, Manoki | Iranxe | Mato Grosso | 379 | 2010 |
| Jabuti | Djeoromitxi, Jabotí, Yabutí | Jê | Rondônia | 5 | 1990 |
| Jamamadi | Canamanti, Kanamanti, Madi, Yamamadí | Arawá | Amazonas, Acre (state) | 882 | 2010 |
| Jarauara | Jarawara | Arawá | Amazonas | 218 | 2010 |
| Javaé | Karajá, Itya Mahãdu | Jê | Goiás, Tocantins | 1,456 | 2009 |
| Jenipapo-Kanindé | Payaku | unknown | Ceará | 302 | 2010 |
| Jeripankó | Geripancó, Jiripancó | Alagoas | unknown | 2,074 | 2010 |
| Jiahui | Jahoi, Diarroi, Djarroi, Parintintin, Diahoi, Diahui, Kagwaniwa | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas | 97 | 2010 |
| Jiripancó | Geripancó, Geripankó, Jeripancó, Jeripankó | unknown | Alagoas | 2,074 | 2010 |
| Juma | Arara, Kagwahibm, Kagwahiph, Kagwahiv, Kavahiva, Kawahip, Kawaib, Yumá | Tupi–Guarani Subgroup VI | Amazonas | 4 | 2010 |
| Jurúna | Iuruna, Jaruna, Yudjá, Yudya, Yurúna | Mato Grosso | Yuruna | 348 | 2010 |
| Kaapor | Caapor, Ka’apor, Kaaporté, Urubú-Kaapor | Tupi–Guarani, Subgroup VIII | Maranhão, Pará | 991 | 2009 |
| Kadiwéu | Caduveo, Ediu-Adig, Kadivéu, Kadiveo, Kaduveo, Mbaya-Guaikuru | Guaikuru | Mato Grosso do Sul | 1,346 | 2009 |
| Kaiabi people | Caiabi, Cajabi, Kaiaby, Kajabi, Kawaiwete, Kayabi | Tupi–Guarani | Mato Grosso | 2,202 | 2012 |
| Kaimbé | Caimbé | Kaimbe | Bahía | 710 | 2006 |
| Kaingang | Bugre, Caingang, Coroado, Coroados | Jê | Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul | 33,064 | 2009 |
| Kaixana | Caixana | | Amazonas | 572 | 2010 |
| Kalabaça | Calabaça | | Ceará | 221 | 2010 |
| Kalankó | Cacalancó | | Alagoas | 390 | 2009 |
| Kalapalo | Calapalo | Karib | Mato Grosso | 385 | 2011 |
| Kali'na people | Kali'na tilewuyu, Galibi | Karib | Amapá, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela | Brazil: 65 Other countries: 17,150 | 2010, 2002 |
| Kamaiurá | Camayurá (Kamaiurá) | Tupi–Guarani | Mato Grosso | 467 | 2011 |
| Kamba | Camba | possibly Tupi–Guarani | Mato Grosso do Sul | 2,000 | 1986 |
| Kambeba | Cambemba, Omaguá | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas, Peru | Brazil: 780 Peru: 3,500 | 2010, 1994 |
| Kambiwá | Cambiua | | Pernambuco | 2,954 | 2010 |
| Kanamari | Canamari, Tukuna | Katukina | Amazonas | 3,167 | 2010 |
| Kanindé | | | Ceará | 714 | 2010 |
| Kanoê | Canoê, Kapixaná, Kapixanã | Kanoe | Rondônia | 282 | 2012 |
| Kantaruré | Cantaruré | | Bahia | 340 | 2010 |
| Kapinauá | Capinawá | | Pernambuco | 3,702 | 2009 |
| Karajá | Iny, Carajá | Jê | Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, Tocantins | 3,198 | 2010 |
| Karapanã | Muteamasa, Ukopinõpõna | Tucano | Amazonas and Colombia | Brazil: 63 Colombia: 412 | 2005, 1988 |
| Karapotó | | | Alagoas | 2,189 | 2006 |
| Karipuná | Karipuna de Rondônia, Ahé | Tupi–Guarani | Rondônia | 28 | 2010 |
| Karipuna do Amapá | Karipuna-do-amapá | | Amapá | 2,311 | 2009 |
| Kariri | Cariri | Jê | Ceará | 118 | 2010 |
| Karirí-Xocó | Kariri Xucó, Kipeá, Xocó, Xokó, Xokó-Karirí, Xukuru Kariri | Karirí-Xocó | Alagoas | 2,311 | 2009 |
| Karitiana | Caritiana, Yjxa | Arikem | Rondônia | 230 | 2010 |
| Karo | Arara de Rondônia, Arara Karo, Arara Tupi, Ntogapíd, Ramaráma, Urukú, Urumí, I´târap | Ramarama | Rondônia | 338 | 2012 |
| Karuazu | | | Alagoas | 1,013 | 2010 |
| Katukina do Rio Biá | | Katukina | Amazonas | 462 | 2010 |
| Katukina Pano | Catuquina, Kamanawa, Kamannaua, Katukina do Juruá, Waninnawa | Panoan | Acre and Amazonas | 594 | 2010 |
| Kaxarari | Caxarari | Panoan | Amazonas and Rondônia | 318 | 2010 |
| Kaxinawá | Cashinauá, Caxinauá, Huni Kuin | Panoan | Acre and Peru | Brazil: 7,535 Peru: 2,419 | 2010, 2007 |
| Kaxixó | Caxixó | | Minas Gerais | 308 | 2010 |
| Kaxuyana | Caxuiana, Kaxuiâna, Kachuana, Kashujana, Kashuyana, Kaxúyana, Warikiana, Warikyana | Karib | Pará | 350 | 2009 |
| Kayapo | Caiapó, Kayapó, Kokraimoro | Jê | Mato Grosso and Pará | 8,638 | 2009 |
| Kiriri | Kariri, Quiriri | | Bahia | 2,182 | 2010 |
| Kokama | Cocoma | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas, Peru, and Colombia | Brazil: 9,636 Peru: 11,370 Colombia: 236 | 2010, 2007, 1988 |
| Korubo | Caceteiros | Panoan | Amazonas | 27 | 2010 |
| Krahô | Craô, Kraô, Mehin | | Tocantins | 2,463 | 2010 |
| Krenak | Crenaque, Crenac, Krenac, Botocudos, Aimorés, Krén | Krenak language | Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo | 350 | 2010 |
| Kricati | Kricati, Kricatijê, Põcatêjê, Timbira | Jê | Maranhão | 921 | 2010 |
| Kubeo | Cubeo, Cobewa, Kubéwa, Pamíwa | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia, Venezuela | Brazil:489 Colombia: 4,238 Venezuela: 25 | 2012, 1988, 2001 |
| Kuikuro | Ipatse Ótomo, Ahukugi Ótomo, Lahatuá Ótomo | Karib | Mato Grosso | 522 | 2011 |
| Kujubim | Cujubi, Cujubim, Kuyubi, Miqueleno | Txapakura group | Rondônia | 55 | 2006 |
| Kulina Madihá | Culina, Kulina, Madihá | Arawakan | Acre (state), Amazonas, and Peru | Brazil: 5,558 Peru: 417 | 2010, 2007 |
| Kulina Pano | Culina Pano | Panoan | Amazonas | 134 | 2010 |
| Kuripako | Coripaco, Curipaco, Curripaco | Arawakan | Amazonas, Colombia, Venezuela | Brazil: 1,485 Colombia: 7,827 Venezuela: 4,925 | 2012, 2004, 2001 |
| Kuruáya | Caravare, Curuaia, Kuruaia | Munduruku | Pará | 159 | 2008 |
| Kwazá | Coaia, Koaiá, Koaya, Quaiá | Kwaza | Rondônia | 40 | 2008 |
| Machinere | Machineri, Manchineri, Manitenerí, Maxinéri, Yine | Maipurean | Acre, Bolivia, and Peru | Brazil: 997 Bolivia: 15 Peru: 90 | 2012; 2001; 2007 |
| Makuna | Baigana, Buhagana, Paneroa, Wuhána, Yeba–masã, Yehpá Majsá, Yepá–Mahsá | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | Brazil: 32 Colombia: 528 | 2005, 1988 |
| Makuráp | Macuráp, Macurapi, Makurápi, Massaka | Tupari | Rondônia | 478 | 2010 |
| Makuxi | Macuxi, Macushi, Pemon | Karib | Roraima, Guyana, Venezuela | Brazil: 29,931 Guyana: 9,500 Venezuela: 83 | 2010, 2001, 2001 |
| Marubo | Kaniuá, Marova, Marúbo | Panoan | Amazonas | 1,705 | 2010 |
| Matipu | Matipuhy, Mariape-Nahuqua | Karib | Mato Grosso | 149 | 2011 |
| Matis | Mushabo, Deshan Mikitbo | Panoan | Amazonas | 390 | 2010 |
| Matsés | Mayoruna | Panoan | Amazonas, Peru | Brazil: 1,592 Peru: 1,724 | 2006, 2007 |
| Maxacali | Kumanuxú, Maxakalí, Tikmuún | Maxakalían | Minas Gerais | 1,500 | 2010 |
| Mbya | Bugre, Mbiá, Mbua, Mbyá | Tupi–Guarani, Subgroup I | Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil (RS/SC/PR, SP/RJ/MS) | Brazil: 6,000 (Total in all countries: 25,450) | 2003 |
| Meinako | Mehinaco, Meinacu, Meinaku | Arawakan | Mato Grosso | 254 | 2011 |
| Menky Manoki | Munku, Menku, Myky, Manoki | Iranxe | Mato Grosso | 102 | 2010 |
| Miranha | Bora, Boro, Miraña, Mirãnia | Witotoan | Amazonas, Colombia | Brazil: 836 Colombia: 445 | 2006, 1998 |
| Mirity-tapuya | Buia-tapuya | Tucano | Amazonas | 75 | 2005 |
| Munduruku | Mundurucu, Maytapu, Cara Preta | Munduruku | Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará | 11,630 | 2010 |
| Mura | | Macro-Warpean | Amazonas | 15,713 | 2010 |
| Nadöb | Macú Nadob, Maku Nadeb | Makú | Amazonas | 0 | |
| Nauquá | Nahukuá | Karib | Mato Grosso | 126 | 2011 |
| Nambikwara | Anunsu, Nambiquara, Nambikwara | Nambiquaran | Mato Grosso, Rondônia | 1,950 | 2010 |
| Ñandeva | Apytare, Chiripá, Guaraní, Nhandeva, Tsiripá, Txiripá | Tupi–Guarani, Subgroup I | Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo | 4,900 | 1995 |
| Naruvoto | | Karib | Mato Grosso | 81 | 2003 |
| Náua | Nawa | Panoan | Acre (state) | 423 | 2005 |
| Nukini | Nuquini | Panoan | Acre | 622 | 2010 |
| Ofayé | Ofaié, Ofaié-Xavante | Ofaié language (isolate) | Mato Grosso do Sul | 60 | 2010 |
| Omagua | Anapia, Cambeba, Cambela, Campeba, Janbeba, Macanipa, Pariana, Umaua, Yhuata | Tupí–Guaraní | Amazonas | 160 | 2000 |
| Oro-uin | Oro Win | Chapacuran | Rondônia | 73 | 2010 |
| Paiter | Suruí, Surui Paiter | Tupian languages | Rondônia | 1,172 | 2010 |
| Palikur | Paricuria, Paricores, Palincur, Parikurene, Parinkur-Iéne, Païkwené, Païkwené | Arawakan | Amapá and French Guiana | Brazil: 1,293 French Guiana: 720 | 2010, 1994 |
| Panará | Kreen-Akarore, Krenhakore, Krenakore | Jê | Mato Grosso and Pará | 437 | 2010 |
| Pancararé | Pankararé | Pancararé | Bahia | 1,640 | 2010 |
| Pankararu | Pancaré, Pancaru, Pankarará, Pankararú | Portuguese | Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, São Paulo | 8,477 | 2010 |
| Pankaru | Pankararu-Salambaia | | Bahia | 179 | 2006 |
| Parakanã | | Tupi–Guarani | Pará | 1,266 | 2010 |
| Paresi | Arití, Halíti | Arawakan | Mato Grosso, Rondônia | 1,955 | 2012 |
| Parintintin | Cabahyba | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas | 418 | 2010 |
| Patamona | Ingarikó, Kapon | Karib | Roraima and Guiana | 128 (5,500) | 2010 |
| Pataxó | Patachó, Patashó, Pataso | Maxacali | Bahia, Mato Grosso | 11,833 | 2010 |
| Paumari | Pamoari | Arawá | Amazonas | 1,559 | 2010 |
| Pipipã | | | Pernambuco | 1,640 | 2006 |
| Pirahã | Mura Pirahã | Pirarrã, Mura | Amazonas | 420 | 2010 |
| Pira-tapuya | Piratapuya, Piratapuyo, Piratuapuia, Pira-Tapuya | Tucanoan | Amazonas and Colombia | Brazil: 1,433 Colombia: 400 | 2005, 1988 |
| Pitaguary | Potiguara, Pitaguari | | Ceará | 3,793 | 2010 |
| Potiguara | Potyguara, Pitiguara | Potiguara and Portuguese | Paraíba | 7575 | |
| Poyanáwa | Poianáua, Puinahua | Panoan | Acre (state) | 400 | 1999 |
| Rikbaktsa | Aripaktsa, Canoeiro, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa | Jê | Mato Grosso | 1,140 | 2006 |
| Sakurabiat | Mequéns, Sakiriabar, Sakurabiat | Tupari | Rondônia | 161 | 2010 |
| Sateré Mawé | Sateré-Maué | Mawé | Amazonas | 10,761 | 2010 |
| Shanenawa | Katukina Shanenawa, Shanenawa | Panoan | Acre | 411 | 2010 |
| Siriano | Sarirá, Siriana, Siriane, Surianá, Surirá, Suryana | Tucano | Amazonas and Colombia | Brazil: 71 Colombia: 665 | 2005, 1988 |
| Suruí | Paiter, Suruí de Rondônia, Suruí do Jiparaná | Mondé | Rondônia | 1,172 | 2010 |
| Suruí do Pará | Aikewara, Akewara, Akewere, Sororos | Tupi–Guarani | Pará | 383 | 2014 |
| Suyá | Kisêdjê, Kisidjê | Jê | Mato Grosso | 330 | 2010 |
| Tabajara | | | Ceará | 2,856 | 2010 |
| Tapayúna | Beiço de pau, Kajkwakratxi, Kajkwakratxi | Jê | Mato Grosso | 160 | 2010 |
| Tapeba | Perna-de-pau, Tapebano | Tapeba | Ceará | 6,600 | 2010 |
| Tapirapé | | Tupi–Guarani | Mato Grosso, Tocantins | 655 | 2010 |
| Tapuio | Tapuya, Tapuia | Tapuio | Goiás | 298 | 2010 |
| Tariana | Taliáseri, Tariano, Tariáno, Tarîna | Arawakan | Amazonas and Colombia | Brazil: 2,067 Colombia: 205 | 2010, 1988 |
| Taurepang | Taulipang, Taurepangue, Taulipangue, Pemon | Karib | Roraima and Venezuela | Brazil: 673 Venezuela: 27,157 | 2010, 2001 |
| Tembé | Tenetehara | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas, Pará | 1,502 | 2010 |
| Tenharim | Kagwahiva | Tupi–Guarani Subgroup VI | Amazonas | 703 | 2010 |
| Terena | Etelena, Terêna | Maipurean | Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo | 24,776 | 2009 |
| Ticuna | Magüta, Tikuna, Tukuna | Ticuna language (isolate) | Amazonas, Peru, and Colombia | Brazil: 36,377 Peru: 6,982 Colombia: 8,000 | 2009, 2007, 2011 |
| Tingui-botó | Tingui Botó, Carapató, Dzboku’a, Dzubukuá, Karapató, Tingui | Dzubukuá | Alagoas | 390 | 2012 |
| Tirió | Tirió, Tarona, Yawi, Pianokoto, Wü tarëno, Txukuyana, Ewarhuyana, Akuriyó | Karib | Amazonas, Pará, Suriname | Brazil: 1,464 Suriname: 1,845 | 2010, 2006 |
| Torá | | Txapakura | Amazonas | 312 | 2006 |
| Tremembé | | Tremembé | Ceará | 3,662 | 2014 |
| Truká | | Truká | Bahia, Pernambuco | 3,078 | 2009 |
| Trumai | Trumái, Trumaí | Trumai language (isolate) | Mato Grosso | 97 | 2011 |
| Tukano | Daxsea, Tukána, Tucano, Ye´pâ-masa | Tucano | Amazonas and Colombia | Brazil: 6,241, Colombia: 6,330, Venezuela: 11 | 2005, 1998, 2001 |
| Tumbalalá | | | Bahia | 1,160 | 2010 |
| Tupari | | Tupian | Rondônia | 517 | 2010 |
| Tupinambá | | | Bahia | 4,729 | 2009 |
| Tupiniquim | Tupinikim, Tupinaki, Tupinikim, Tupinikin | Tupí–Guaraní | Espírito Santo | 2,630 | 2010 |
| Turiwára | Turiuara | Tupi–Guarani | Pará | 30 | 1995 |
| Tuxá | Todela, Tusha | Tuxá language (isolate) | Alagoas, Bahia, and Pernambuco | 2,142 | 2010 |
| Tuyuca | Dochkafuara, Doka-Poara, Doxká-Poárá, Tuiuca, Tuyuka | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | Brazil: 825, Colombia: 570 | 2005, 1988 |
| Umutina | Omotina | Bororan | Mato Grosso | 445 | 2009 |
| Wai-wai | Ouayeone, Uaieue, Uaiuai (subgroup: Katawian) | Karib | Roraima, Amazonas, Pará, and Guiana | 2,914 (170) | 2005, 2006 |
| Waimiri-Atroarí | Atroahy, Atroaí, Atroarí, Atrowari, Atruahí, Ki’nya, Waimiri Atroari | Karib | Roraima and Amazonas | 930 | 2006 |
| Wajãpi | Wayapi, Wajapi, Oiampi | Wajãpi, Tupi–Guarani | Amapá, Pará, and French Guiana | Brazil: 956 French Guiana: 950 | 2010 (2009) |
| Wapixana | Uapixana | Arawakan | Roraima and Guiana | Brazil: 7,832 | 2010 |
| Warekena | Uarekena, Werekena | Arawakan | Amazonas and Venezuela | Brazil: 887 Venezuela: 513 | 2010 (2001) |
| Wari' | Pakaa Nova, Waricaca', Uari, Orowari, | Txapakura | Rondônia | 2,721 | 2006 |
| Wassu | Uassu, Wasu | Portuguese | Alagoas | 1,806 | 2010 |
| Waurá | Uauja, Wauja | Arawakan | Mato Grosso | 529 | 2012 |
| Wayana | Uaiana, Upurui, Roucouyen, Orkokoyana, Urucuiana, Urukuyana, Alucuyana | Karib | Amazonas, Pará, Suriname and French Guiana | Brazil: 304 Suriname: 500 French Guiana: 800 | 2010 (2002) |
| Witoto | Uitoto | Witoto | Amazonas, Colombia, and Peru | Brazil: 44 Colombia: 5,939 Peru: 1,864 | 2010 (1988, 2007) |
| Xakriabá | Xacriaba | Jê | Minas Gerais | 6000 | |
| Xambioá | Karajá do Norte, Ixybiowa, or Iraru Mahãndu | Jê | Tocantins | 185 | |
| Xavante | | Jê | Mato Grosso | 9602 | |
| Xerentes | Xerente | Jê | Tocantins | 1814 | |
| Xetá | | Tupi–Guarani | Paraná | 8 | |
| Caiapós-xicrin | Xikrin | Jê | Pará | 1,052 | |
| Xipaia | Xipaya | Juruna | Pará | 595 | |
| Xoclengue | Xokleng, Aweikoma | Xoclengue | Santa Catarina | 757 | |
| Xocó | Xokó | Portuguese | Sergipe | 250 | |
| Xukuru | | Portuguese | Pernambuco | 6363 | |
| Xukuru Kariri | | Portuguese | Alagoas | 1820 | |
| Yaminawa | | Panoan | Acre, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia | Brazil: 618 Peru: 324 Bolivia: 630 | |
| Ianomâmi | Yanomami (subgroups Yanomam, Sanumá and Ninam) | Yanomami | Roraima, Amazonas, and Venezuela | Brazil: 11,700 (15,193) | |
| Yawalapiti | Iaualapiti | Arawakan | Mato Grosso | 208 | |
| Yawanawá | Iauanauá | Panoan | Acre (state) | 450 | |
| Ye'kuana | Yekuana, Yequana, Maiongong | Karib | Roraima and Venezuela | 426 (3632) | |
| Yuhupde | | Maku | Amazonas and Colômbia | | |
| Zo'é | Poturu | Tupian | Pará | 152 | |
| Zoró | Pangyjej | Tupian languages | Mato Grosso | 414 | |
| Zuruahã | Suruwahá | Arawá | Amazonas | 143 | |