OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jeremy R. Paul

Jeremy R. Paul (born July 22, 1956), is an American lawyer and law professor who was the Dean of Northeastern University School of Law from 2012 until June 2018.

## Education

Paul graduated from Princeton University in 1978 and received his Juris Doctor degree from Harvard in 1981.

## Career

Jeremy Paul joined the Northeastern University School of Law faculty as dean in 2012. He teaches Constitutional Law, Property and Jurisprudence. A 1978 graduate of Princeton University, he received his Juris Doctor degree from Harvard in 1981. Before coming to Northeastern, Dean Paul served for 23 years on the faculty of the University of Connecticut School of Law, where he was Dean and Thomas F. Gallivan, Jr. Professor of Real Property Law from 2007 until 2012. Dean Paul served as associate dean for academic affairs at UConn Law from 1999 until 2004, when he was named associate dean for research. Dean Paul previously served as a law clerk to Judge Irving Robert Kaufman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; as Professor-in-Residence at the Appellate Staff of the Civil Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and as Assistant to the President of TravelersGroup. Paul has taught at the University of Miami as both assistant and associate professor, and at Boston College Law School as a visiting professor.

## Writings

Dean Paul's writings have appeared in the Texas Law Review, the Michigan Law Review, the University of Southern California Law Review, and the Washington Monthly. His writings include (with Michael Fischl) the book Getting to Maybe: How to Excel on Law School Exams and a widely used introduction to legal reasoning titled "A Bedtime Story."
Dean Paul has served on the Board of Directors of the Connecticut Bar Foundation and the Advisory Board of the Connecticut Law Tribune. He is also a former Board Member of the Connecticut Civil Liberties Union.
# Madison metropolitan area, Wisconsin

The Madison metropolitan area may refer to:
* The Madison metropolitan area, United States
* The Madison, Indiana micropolitan area, United States
# Chwarqurna SC

Chwarqurna Sports Club is an Iraqi sports club in Iraqi Kurdistan. It competes in the Kurdistan Premier League

## Famous head coaches

* Ramzi Saleh

## Famous Players

* Ali Mobaraki
* Rekan Rezgar
* Ebrahim Abednezhad
# Everything's Watched, Everyone's Watching

Everything's Watched, Everyone's Watching is the second studio album by Heavy Heavy Low Low. It was released on September 19, 2006 through Ferret Music.
# IC 4141

IC 4141 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices. The galaxy is located 900 million light-years away from Earth. Discovered in 1904 by German astronomer Max Wolf, it measures 255,000 light-years across in diameter. With a radial velocity of 19,000 kilometers per second, it is slowly drifting from the Solar System.

## Characteristics

The galaxy has been intensively studied by the Hubble telescope due to its distinctive spiral structures, which appears to be a result of gravitational interactions from nearby galaxies inside Abell 1668, thus distorting its appearance into a jellyfish galaxy. In reality, it is actually caused by dynamic pressure. The dust and gas has been stripped from the galaxy itself caused by intracluster medium, thus creating tendrils of long star formation trails. Due to its consistent ram pressure stripping, its star formation has decreased significantly over the last 10 years. Eventually, no new stars will be made.
IC 4141 is classified as a LINER galaxy by the SIMBAD database, this indicates levels of emission spectrum, in which its supermassive black hole appears to be responsible for.

## Gallery

* SDSS image of spiral galaxy IC 4141
# Dora Lake

Dora Lake may refer to:
* Australia
** Lake Dora (Tasmania)
** Lake Dora (Western Australia)
* United States
** Dora Lake, a lake in Le Sueur County, Minnesota
# Mark Mabasa

Mark Lapid Mabasa (born Dec. 19, 1986) is a Filipino singer, a world-class talent, an X Factor finalist, a commercial model, a 2014 Macau International Jazz & Blues Philippine representative (Top 12 among 184 entries worldwide), a recording artist, singer, writer, producer, and a protégé of David Foster. Mark’s portfolio of shows and events is genuinely world-class and has been proven successful locally and internationally. He is an active stage performer in US today as PH International Pop Rock Prince.
He participated in Season 1 of The X Factor Philippines as part of the Over 25s category mentored by Pilita Corrales.
Performances :
| No. | Title | Link |
| 1. | Crash And Burn | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NK2yv8VAFPA&feature=shared |
| 2. | Papa (orig. MaPa by SB19) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRSmDIcK3b8&feature=shared |
| 3. | Nanghihinayang | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j34rVkSpBIU&feature=shared |
| 4. | A Song For You | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5Rc2DY_l8s&feature=shared |
Events Publications:
* ↑ https://www.onephtx.com/post/top-performers-at-the-2024-fiesta-ko-sa-texas
* ↑ https://empresstheatre.org/event/emerge/
* ↑ https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/music/102927-highlights-david-foster-charice-manila-concert-2015/
# LCE (automobile)

The L.C.E. was an American automobile manufactured by Louis C. Erbes in Waterloo, Iowa from 1915 to 1916. It formed as the consolidation of the Cutting Motor Car Company and St. Paul's Bull Moose Company. In both years the models were a Touring, Roadster, and a "Gentleman's Speedster", which had a top speed of over 80 mph (130 km/h). The racer Bob Burman was heavily involved with the company until his death in 1916. The death of Burman, combined with persistent material shortages, led Erbes to discontinue production after 1916, although he stayed in the automobile business dealing parts for "orphan" cars, such as the aforementioned Cuttings, and Masons.
# IC 4516

IC 4516 is a type E elliptical galaxy located in Boötes. Its redshift is 0.045618 which corresponds IC 4516 to be located 667 million light-years from Earth. The galaxy was discovered by Lewis Swift on June 2, 1898, which was his last discovery after spending half a century observing astronomical objects, starting with the observation of the Great Comet in 1843.

## Features

IC 4516 is classified a radio galaxy, specially a Fanaroff-Riley type 2 (FR II). It has an active nucleus and is the brightest member in the galaxy cluster, WHL J145423.5+162119.
IC 4516 contains a strong radio source in its center called 3C 306. The radio source is identified to be stronger than 25 mJy on the Green Bank 4.85 GHz sky maps. Based on its infrared-radio flux ratio as well as infrared spectral indices and radio morphologies, it is classified to be a "starburst" or "monster". Further results show that the rms scatter in logarithmic infrared-radio q is not more compared to σq = 0.16 for starburst galaxies which is selected at 4.85 GHz.
Moreover, IC 4516 is one of the γ-ray-emitting radio galaxies detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), indicating it contributes to EGB (diffuse unresolved extragalactic γ-ray background) which is written by Mauro et al. and Hooper et al. This is suggested that IC 4516 is an AGN with a "mis-aligned" jet in with the direction of ~>20° towards Earth. Its possible IC 4516 is a low-luminosity core-dominated radio galaxy that is expected to have a proportionally lower γ-ray luminosity to the point it can't be detected individually by Fermi, based on the relation of core radio and its luminosity.
A further study conducted in 2020 in search of Centaurus A-like features, finds there is statistical evidence of flux variability on 6-month time scales for seven of the 26 radio galaxies, among them is IC 4516, in which is calculated over the full energy range of 100 MeV ≤ E ≤ 300 GeV. A variability index study was conducted via the method used by Nolan et al. 2012 which shows if the null hypothesis is correct, the variability index is correct, then it is distributed as χ2 with 19 degrees of freedom. This suggests evidence for variability index to be at the ≥3σ level.
From the variability indices that is distributed as X$^2$ functions with Ndof degrees of freedom, which one of the variability indices is greater than the 99% confidence limit of 18.48 and 72.44 for the (Ndof = 7) and 2 month (Ndof = 47) light curves, IC 4516 is found to be variable thus suggesting blazar-like behavior.
# Ibayo-Tipas

Ibayo-Tipas, also known as Ibayo Tipas,is one of the 38 barangays of Taguig, Metro Manila in the Philippines.

## Etymology

The first part of the barangay's name, Ibayo, comes from Tagalog for "further" or "other side". On the other hand, the second part, Tipas, comes from Tagalog tinagpas or tiga-gapas, which means "to cut" or "to break", representing the traditional practice of farmers cutting through rice crops during harvest.

## History

Through Municipal Resolution No. 51 of the Taguig Municipal Council on July 15, 1971, the old Nayon of Tipas was divided into 4 Barrios, namely: Calzada Tipas, Palingon Tipas, Ligid Tipas, and Ibayo Tipas. It was converted into barangay in 1974, by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 557.
On the book of Sir John Bowring (1792-1872), an English Diplomat, "A visit to the Philippine Islands", it was mentioned that Mabato Creek is a natural Thermal Bath.

## Geography

Ibayo Tipas is bounded on the borth by Mabato Creek, Manunuso Street, and Barangay Kalawaan, Pasig; on the east by Barangay Napindan; to the south by Laguna de Bay; and on the west by Tipas River and barangays Ligid Tipas and Palingon Tipas.
# House of fine art

The House of Fine Art (HOFA) is a contemporary art gallery based at 11 Bruton Street, Mayfair, London, United Kingdom. It was founded by entrepreneurs and art curators Elio D'Anna and Simonida Pavicevic, in 2012.

###### History and development

Founded in 2012 by entrepreneurs and art curators Elio D'Anna and Simonida Pavicevic, HOFA operates as a contemporary art gallerywith a focus on showcasing both established and emerging artists from various cultural backgrounds. Located in Mayfair, London HOFA has established itself as a platform for diverse and unique works of art.
HOFA represents painters, sculptors, photographers, and new media artists, with particular attention given to digital and generative AI art. The gallery emphasises inclusivity and cultural significance, presenting multidisciplinary practices from around the globe, including countries such as China, Korea, USA, Italy, France, UK, Argentina, and Australia.
Since its inception, HOFA has actively participated in international art fairs such as Art Miami, Art Dubai, and Kiaf Seoul, among others, facilitating access to contemporary artworks for government institutions, museums, auction houses, and private collectors.
In 2018, HOFA made headlines by becoming one of the first art galleries to offer its entire collection in cryptocurrency, reflecting its embrace of new technologies and digital innovations. The gallery further expanded its digital presence with the launch of HOFA.io and Kreation.io, platforms aimed at broadening access to the art market and promoting inclusivity among collectors.

## Exhibitions

* Beyond Visible - Solo Exhibition by Gao Xintong (HOFA Mayfair) in 2023
* Sensory Portrait - solo exhibition by Ilhwa Kim (HOFA Mayfair) in 2018
# Rachel Morgan

Rachel Morgan is an American archaeologist and writer.
She graduated from University of York and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Her work appeared in The Collector. and The Seminole Tribune.

## Works

* Morgan, Rachel (2022-02-17). "Critical Material Culture Analysis in US National Register of Historic Places Significance Statements". Journal of Field Archaeology. 47 (2): 105–116. doi:10.1080/00934690.2022.2028069. ISSN 0093-4690.
* Morgan, Rachel (2023). "Ready or Not". Advances in Archaeological Practice. 11 (4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 371–387. doi:10.1017/aap.2023.21. ISSN 2326-3768.
* Morgan, Rachel (2023). Sins of the Shovel: Looting, Murder, and the Evolution of American Archaeology. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-82238-9.
# Battle of Castañares

The Battle of Castañares was an 1821 battle of the Argentine Civil Wars. The cabildo of Salta deposed the governor Martín Miguel de Güemes on May 24. He returned to the city on May 30. All the cavalry of the city switched sides to support Güemes, and the remaining forces dispersed. Thus, Güemes troops entered to the city unopposed.
N.B The Battle of Castañares is not a well-documented or widely recognized historical event in popular sources. It could refer to a local or regional skirmish or conflict, or it might be a fictional or lesser-known battle.
vteArgentine War of Independence :
Causes :
Combatants
Campaigns & Theaters
Battles
Events :
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* v
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* e
# National Institute of Fashion Technology, Kangra

National Institute of Fashion Technology Kangra known as NIFT Kangra is one of the 18 campuses of NIFT, an institution for Fashion, Design, Technology and Management located in Kangra, India. The institute is located at Talpura, Kangra.

## Courses

NIFT, Kangra, in parallel with other centres of the institute across India, offers four-year undergraduate Bachelor of Design and technology and the two-year post-graduate master's degrees in design, Fashion Management and Fashion Technology.
Currently, NIFT Kangra is offering five under-graduate and two post-graduate programmes:
* Bachelors in Textile Design (TD)
* Bachelors in Accessory Design (AD)
* Bachelors in Fashion Communication (FC)
* Bachelor of Fashion Technology (Apparel Production) (B.F.Tech)
* Bachelors in Fashion Design (FD)
* Masters in Fashion Management (MFM)
* Master of Design (M.Des)
Students are selected through an intensive common entrance examination process, which consists of two written examinations - GAT (General Ability Test) and the CAT (Creative Ability Test). Based on the scores of these written examinations, select students are invited for a situation test. Post the Situation Test, the final rankings of students at an all India level is released. Students then undergo a counselling process to determine their programme and campus. For the post-graduate courses, a group discussion and a personal interview is conducted based on the final rankings.

## Senior officials

The present director of NIFT Kangra is Dr Rahul Chandra.
# Clivina prominens

Clivina prominens is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Jules Putzeys in 1866.
# Chaudhri

Choudhury (Bengali: চৌধুরী); also: Choudhuri, Chaudhuri, Choudhuary, Chowdhury) is a sanatan dharma-based hereditary title of honor which was used to denote only those Jats, Brahmins, Kayastha, Karan and Kshatriyas of Gour who are the actual Rulers of Gour and has royal bloodline.

## Population

The population according to the 2001 census was 282,392 (males: 141,512 and females: 140,880).
# Uttarakhand Premier League

Uttarakhand Premier League is a Twenty20 franchise cricket tournament in State of Uttarakhand in India. It is organised by the Cricket Association of Uttarakhand (UCA) and sanctioned by the Board of Control for Cricket in India. It was first contested in 2024.

## History

In June 2024, the Uttarakhand Premier League was launched. The league was aimed to make up for the absence of high-profile matches in Uttarakhand every year and to expose talented players from districts.
After West Bengal (Bengal Pro T20 League) and Delhi (Delhi Premier League), Uttarakhand is the 3rd state to launch a franchise league for women. The inaugural edition of the Uttarakhand Premier League is all set to get underway on 15 September 2024.

## Teams
### Men's

| Team | City | Captain | Owners |
| Dehradun Warriors | Dehradun | VISHAL MAURYA | Shailendra Bhadauria |
| Haridwar Spring Elmas | Haridwar | | Fiyajuddin |
| Nainital SG Pipers | Nainital | | Dr. Rohan Gupta |
| Pithoragarh Hurricane | Pithoragarh | | Parkash Singh & Krishna Shetty |
| Udham Singh Nagar Indians | Udham Singh Nagar | | Subhash Arora |

### Women's

Three franchises are competing in the league.
| Team | City |
| Mussoorie Thunders | Mussoorie |
| Nainital SG Pipers | Nainital |
| Pithoragarh Hurricane | Pithoragarh |

## Tournament structure

Five Franchise city-based teams will compete during the school summer holidays. There will be 19 matches in the league stage of the tournament, with the top four teams qualifying for the semi-final stage. The winners of both the semi-final matches will be the finalists.

## Tournament season and results
### Men's Final

| Season | Final | Final | Final | Final | Player of the season |
| Season | Venue | Winners | Result | Runners-up | Player of the season |
| 2024 | Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Dehradun |

### Women's Final

| Season | Venue | Winners | Result | Runners-up | Player of the season |
| 2024 | Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Dehradun |

## Team performance
### Men's

* 2024
* C
* RU
* SF
* SF
* C: champions
* RU: runner-up
* SF or PO: team qualified for the semi-final stage of the competition

### Women's

| Season Franchise | 2024 |
| | C |
| | RU |
* C: champions
* RU: runner-up
# A.E. Alexandreia F.C.

A.E. Alexandreia F.C. is a Greek football club, based in Alexandreia, Imathia, Greece.
The club was established in 1997, after the inactivation of AMS Alexandreia, which was dissolved in 1996. In 2017 the club merged with Diagoras Sevasti F.C. and made Philippos Alexandreia F.C. The club competes in 2017-18 Gamma Ethniki. In 2018 the club was dissolved. The season 2019-20, A.E. Alexandreia was refounded.

## Honors
### Domestic Titles and honors

** Imathia FCA Champions: 3
*** 1999–00, 2000–01, 2023–24
** Imathia FCA Cup Winners: 7
*** 1999–00, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2016–17
# John Gramlick

John Gramlick was an English plumber and one of the founders of the Vienna Cricket and Football-Club. In 1897, he started the Challenge Cup, a football competition for Austria-Hungary.
# National Institute of Fashion Technology Srinagar

National Institute of Fashion Technology Srinagar known as NIFT Srinagar is one of the 18 campuses of NIFT, an institution for Fashion, Design, Technology and Management located in Srinagar, India. The institute is located at Badgam, Srinagar.

## Courses

NIFT, Srinagar, in parallel with other centres of the institute across India, offers four-year undergraduate Bachelor of Design and technology and the two-year post-graduate master's degrees in design, Fashion Management and Fashion Technology.
Currently, NIFT Srinagar is offering four under-graduate and one post-graduate programmes:
* Bachelors in Fashion & Lifestyle Accessories
* Bachelors in Textile Design (TD)
* Bachelors in Fashion Communication (FC)
* Bachelors in Fashion Design (FD)
* Masters in Fashion Management (MFM)
Students are selected through an intensive common entrance examination process, which consists of two written examinations - GAT (General Ability Test) and the CAT (Creative Ability Test). Based on the scores of these written examinations, select students are invited for a situation test. Post the Situation Test, the final rankings of students at an all India level is released. Students then undergo a counselling process to determine their programme and campus. For the post-graduate courses, a group discussion and a personal interview is conducted based on the final rankings.

## Senior officials

The present director of NIFT Bhopal is Dr. Javid Ahmad Wani.
# 2024 Taça da Liga Final

2024 Taça da Liga final
# Archaeosynthemis spiniger

Archaeosynthemis spiniger is a species of dragonfly of the family Synthemistidae, known as the spiny tigertail. It is a medium-sized dragonfly with black and yellow markings. It inhabits streams and rivers in south-western Australia.
Archaeosynthemis spiniger was once known as Synthemis spiniger.

## Gallery

* Female wings
* Male wings
# High Park—Humber Valley

High Park—Humber Valley was a federal electoral district in the west-end of the old Metropolitan Toronto, in Ontario, Canada. It was represented in the House of Commons from 1972 to 1979. It was created in 1972 from the High Park district, maintaining the same boundaries as the former district. It was abolished in 1976, but the next election did not occur until almost three-years later. Its only Member of Parliament was Otto Jelinek.

## History

The federal riding was created in 1972 from the former High Park electoral district. It more or less contained the same boundaries as the former High Park riding. S.C. 1972, c.4 paragraph 25 of the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act substitute the word: "HIGH PARK", with the words: "HIGH PARK–HUMBER VALLEY" as the name of the district, with the same borders as the previously named one.
It was defined to consist of the part of Metropolitan Toronto bounded on the south by Lake Ontario, and on the east, north and west by a line drawn north along Parkside Drive, west along Bloor Street West, north on Pacific Avenue, east along Canadian Pacific Railway, north along Keele Street, west along Rogers Road, northwest along Weston Road, west along Black Creek, south along Jane Street, southwest along Dundas Street, southeast along Mimico Creek, east along The Queensway, and southeast along the Humber River to the shore of Lake Ontario.
The electoral district was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed between Davenport, Etobicoke Centre, Parkdale—High Park and Etobicoke—Lakeshore ridings.

## Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:
| Parliament | Years | Member | Party |
| Riding created from High Park |||||
| 29th | 1972–1974 | Otto Jelinek | Progressive Conservative |
| 30th | 1974–1979 | Otto Jelinek | Progressive Conservative |
| Riding dissolved into Parkdale—High Park, Davenport, Etobicoke Centre and Etobicoke—Lakeshore |||||

## Federal election results

1972 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Otto Jelinek | 18,329 |
| Liberal | Walter Deakon | 16,426 |
| New Democratic | Edward J. Chmielewski | 8,197 |
| Not affiliated | John Weir | 194 |
| Not affiliated | Kenneth Kalturnyk | 133 |
1974 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Otto Jelinek | 17,389 |
| Liberal | Murray McBride | 17,134 |
| New Democratic | Bill Reynolds | 5,811 |
| Communist | Elizabeth Hill | 213 |
| Independent | Michael A. Blake | 148 |
| Marxist–Leninist | Jim Nugent | 73 |
# 2024 Alau Dam collapse

On September 10, 2024 the Alau dam in Borno State, Nigeria collapsed, leading to massive flooding that affected over 1 million people and displacing over 200 000. The flooding submerged more than 15% of the state's capital, Maiduguri, damaging buildings and local infrastructure.
# Lakana

Lakana, also known as la'kana or laka, are traditional outrigger canoes of the Malagasy people of Madagascar. It is a single-outrigger canoe with a dugout main hull.
It is traditionally a sailing vessel, but most lakana are now equipped with motor engines. The sailing rig could be one of two types. An Austronesian square-sail is more common (e.g. in Ambaro Bay). This rig is limited to largely downwind use, has limited ability to sail with the wind on the beam and no windward capability. In ordinary use, they are sailed out to the fishing grounds on the land breeze that occurs in the morning and then return on the sea breeze that starts later in the day. The lateen rig is used for larger lakana, with examples found in, for instance, Narindra Bay. The lateen rig allows a lakana to sail closer to the wind, so giving some windward performance.
The boat is often referred to by the general French term "pirogue", which can include boats with no outriggers. The technology was adapted in neighboring East Africa, like the Tanzanian ngalawa and the Fulani laana.
The sailing Lakana are most often made from Farafatsy wood (Givotia madagascariensis (Euphorbiaceae)). Its outrigger is usually of Mafaiboha wood (Commiphora mafaidoha (Burseraceae)) though Hazomalany wood (Hazomalania voyronii of the family of Hernandiaceae) is preferred.