OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Taufmatrikel Passau Sankt Stephan:Band 1:Seite 55

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## 1615.

4. Infans Johannes, pater Bartl Maßdobler ein lediger gsell Im Furstall, mater Barbara M. Georg Wolffartt burgers und schneiders hinderlaßne wittib, patrinus Hanß Neuburger burger und gastgeb alhier.
17. Infans Isaac, pater Isaac Pluemberger Mauttgegenschreiber, mater Susanna, patrinus Jacob Wanderer Raths burger an statt Herrn burgermaisters Christoff Webers.
18. Infans Christina, pater Niclas Haßler Hof Trexler, mater Ursula, patrina Susanna Wolff Jedlmairs burgers und lezeltters[?] uxor.

### Junius.

23. Infans Hanß Wolff, pater Wolfgang Haÿl Fürstliche Durchlauchts Pfennigmaister, mater Euphemia, patrinus Jeronÿus Peugl Raths burger.
25. Infans Anna, pater Wolff Bohamo In Eggadobl, mater Anna, patrina Maria Puißlin Vischerin Zu Anger.
27. Infans Johanna Catharina, pater N. Tscherleta Haubtman, mater Maria geborne Keckhin, patrini Joannes Christoff Haÿl An statt Herrn grafen von Lodron Canonicus et seniore Pahsauiensis und Freÿle Catharina von Pötting Freÿin.
[Juli?]
14. Infans Hanß Heinrich, pater Mathias Mülbacher stattrichter, mater Maria, patrinus Jacob Wanderer Raths burger.

### Augustus.

20. Infans Christoff Bernhartt, pater Anthonj Scheitterer Meßner, mater Regina, patrinus Herr Lenhartt Nohart Vicarius an statt Ir gl. von Zeilhofen.

### September.

24. Infans Barbara, pater Georg Scheffler ein lediger Jeger Im Jegerhauß, mater Margretha ein ledige diern beÿ Jerg Plieml, patrina Barbara Michl geißlbergers Im Stall uxor.

### October.

10. Infans Maximilianus, pater Hanß Schwab Coralist, mater Catharina, patrinus Herr Lenhart Nohart Vicarius Chori Pahsauiensis.
18. Infans Rosina, pater Hanß Strobl Cantzlist, mater Barbara, patrina Anna Maria Herrn Eberhart Sintzl Fürstlichen Raths und Mauttners uxor.

## Anmerkungen

* ↑ Gastwirt

## Verwandtschaften

b. ↑ Geschwister:
    Elisabeth, * 30.03.1613
d. ↑ Eltern:
    Wolfgang Hail und Euphemia Weilhamer, ∞ 11.02.1602
Geschwister:
    Wolff Ortolph, * 09.12.1603
    Hieronymus, * 10.03.1605
    Hans Christoph, * 13.06.1606
    Matthäus, * 21.09.1607
    Euphemia Barbara, * 30.07.1609
    Philipp Jakob, * 26.04.1611
# Taufmatrikel Passau Sankt Stephan:Band 1:Seite 49

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## 1613.

patrinus Herr Franckhenberger Raths burger an statt Herrn Neumann burger und handelßmann.

### October.

12. [Nota bene] Infans Martha, pater Georg Hau diebl[?] auf dem Thurn Zu Anger, mater sein dirn Barbara, patrina Martha Stephan Neuböckh burgers und böckhs Zu Anger uxor.

### Nouember.

26. Infans Andreas, pater Joannes Messenhauser Fürslicher Durchlauchts Musicus, mater Anna, patrinus Blasius Greÿner Fürstliche Durchlauchts Controlor.

### December.

6. Infans Maria Elisabetha, pater Ortolph Aicher Fürstliche Durchlauchts Kastner, mater Dorothea, patrina Christoff Webers burgermaisters uxor mit namen Elisabeth.
23. Infans Sara, pater Christianus Rieder Cantzlist, mater Affra, patrina Ursula, Dominus Joannes Cognot gewester Fürstliche Durchlauchts Cantzlers uxor.

### Finis.
## Verwandtschaften

c. ↑ Geschwister:
    Johann Erasmus, * 02.06.1609
d. ↑ Geschwister:
    Helena, * 05.03.1610
# Taufmatrikel Passau Sankt Stephan:Band 1:Seite 5

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## 1600
#### Nouember

2. Infans Andreas, p[ate]r Andreas Böckh Stattgerichtsschreiber, m[ate]r Barbara, p[at]rinus Michael Lusteneckher Rathsbürger.
21. Infans Catharina, p[ate]r Thomas Pösel ein frembder hundtschlager, m[ate]r Anna, p[at]rina Christina Maister Heinrichs nachrichters Weib.
23. Infans Rosina, p[ate]r Elias Röckh Cantzlista, m[ate]r Martha, p[at]rina Anna, Hanß Bluembergers Mautgegenschreibers Vxor.
28. Infans Barbara, p[ate]r Lenhart Scheitterer Meßner, m[ate]r Apolonia, patrina Margretha M. Thobiæ Nagls V[…] Cap. Notarij Vxor.
29. Infans Andreas Leopoldus, p[ate]r Eraßmus Goldt von Obernfarchprun, Rö[misc]h Keys[erlichen] Mey[estät] p[erge] Rath, F[ürstliche]r Hofmaister, m[ate]r Maria Jacobe ein geborne von Pienzenau, p[atri]nus Johann Rieger von Westernach Canonicus Passauiensis, [perge] und R[everendus] D[ominus] Michael Prepositus ad S. Nicolaum extra muros.

#### December

20. Infans Ursula, p[ate]r Johann Rott, R[everendus] F[?] suffraganei sartor, m[ate]r Ursula, p[at]rina Junckhfrau Ursula Gengerin.
26. Infans Johann Christoff, p[ate]r Balthasar Prunner Cantor, m[ate]r Margretha, p[at]rinus Herr Carl Genger Canonicus Passauiensis, [perge].
Finis Annj 1600

## Anmerkungen

* ↑ Hundeschläger = Schinderknecht, der herrenlose Hunde töten musste
* ↑ latein. Reverendus Dominus = Hochwürdiger Herr
* ↑ lateinisch sartor = Schneider
* ↑ Schwester des Domherrn Johann Carl Gienger, siehe S. 12 (Anmerkungen 2, 3)

## Verwandtschaften

f. ↑ Eltern:
    Johann Rott und Ursula Kurtz, ∞ 03.02.1600
g. ↑ Eltern:
    Balthasar Prunner und Margrethe Wintter, ∞ 08.02.1600
Geschwister:
    Hans Karl, * 02.05.1604
    Elisabeth, * 17.11.1605
# Taufmatrikel Passau Sankt Stephan:Band 1:Seite 50

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## 1614.
### Januarius.

8. Infans Joannes Georgius, pater Udalricus Freÿunger Fürstlicher Stattrichter, mater Ursula, patrinus Reverendus Dominus Rudolphus von Pötting und Persing Freÿherr Canonicus Passauiensis.
12. Infans Wolff Friderich, pater Friderich Moll Fürstliche Durchlauchts Hofrath, mater Susanna, patrinus Reverendus Dominus Rudolphus à Pötting Freÿherr Canonicus Pahsauiensis.
17. Infans Johan Sebastian, pater Melchior Mann Fürstliche Durchlauchts Cammerschreiber, Maria uxor, patrini Joannes Babtista von Hollandt Fürstliche Durchlauchts Hofrath, und Fraw Maria Magdalena Gegenmüllerin.

### Februarius.

3. Infans Agatha, pater Urban Stahel Maÿr Zu Häckhlberg, mater Christina, patrina Ursula gärtlers Zu Häckhlberg uxor.
7. Infans Stephanus, pater Stephanus Blanckh V.J.D. Fürstliche Durchlauchts Hofrath, mater Christina, patrinus Eberhart Sintzl Fürstliche Durchlauchts Mauttner und Rath.

### Martius.

2. Infans Barbara, pater Andreas Windthackhauer gertlers Zu Häckhlberg famulus, mater Apolonis, patrina Barbara Wolf Sparmairs Visch Kheifls uxor.

### Aprilis.

8. Infans Joannes Rudolphus, pater Joannes Baptista von Hollandt Fürstliche Durchlauchts Hofrath, mater Johanna, patrini Albertus Landtman I.V.D. und Nicolaus Edtmundt bede Fürstliche Hofräth, und Fraw Maria Magdalena Segmüllerin.

### Maius.

3. Infans Sabina, pater Michael Niggl gewester Hofbuechtruckher seliger, mater Apolonia sein hinderlaßne wittib, patrina Sabina Julij Stadler Raths burgers und Seidensteppers uxor.

## Anmerkungen

* 1 2 latein. reverendus dominus = Hochwürdiger Herr
* 1 2 latein. Juris Utriusque Doctor = Doktor beider Rechte
* ↑ Gürtelmacher
* ↑ Gehilfe

## Verwandtschaften

a. ↑ Geschwister:
    Maria Jacobe, * 06.06.1599
    Hans Gabriel, * 24.03.1601
    Franz Benno, * 07.10.1609
    Maria Elisabeth, * 11.11.1610
    Anna Katharina, * 12.03.1615
d. ↑ Geschwister:
    Kaspar, * 19.04.1604
    Urban, * 25.03.1608
    Maria, * 14.08.1610
    Stefan, * 01.08.1611
    Dominik, * 30.08.1612
f. ↑ Geschwister:
    Wolfgang, * 14.01.1613
e. ↑ Eltern:
    Stephan Planckh und Christina Cognot, * 19.01.1609
Geschwister:
    Ambrosius Johannes, * 12.12.1611
# Taufmatrikel Passau Sankt Stephan:Band 1:Seite 53

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## 1614.

11. Infans Thomas, pater Hanß Hartl gewester beschauer beÿ der Fürstlichen Mauth, mater Rosina, patrinus Georg Lang burger und handlßmann.
18. Infans Johannes, pater Hanß Aigner Herrn Murers diener, mater Rosina, patrinus Hanß Müller burger und glaser alhier.
# Schwere, Elektricität und Magnetismus:377

Bernhard Riemann: Schwere, Elektricität und Magnetismus :
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13. Def.—The direct product of $\alpha \,$ and $\beta \,$ (written $\alpha \cdot \beta \,$) is the scalar quantity obtained by multiplying the product of their magnitudes, by the cosine of the angle made by their directions.
14. Def.—The skew product of $\alpha \,$ and $\beta \,$ (written $\alpha \times \beta \,$) is a vector function of $\alpha \,$ and $\beta \,$. Its magnitude is obtained by multiplying the product of the magnitudes of $\alpha \,$ and $\beta \,$ by the sine of the angle made by their directions. Its direction is at right angles to $\alpha \,$ and $\beta \,$, and on that side of the plane containing $\alpha \,$ and $\beta \,$ (supposed drawn from a common origin), on which a rotation from $\alpha \,$ to $\beta \,$ through an arc of less than 180° appears countcr-clock-wise.
The direction of $\alpha \times \beta \,$ may also be defined as that in which an ordinary screw advances as it turns so as to carry $\alpha \,$ toward $\beta \,$.
Again, if $\alpha \,$ be directed toward the east, and $\beta \,$ lie in the same horizontal plane and on the north side of $\alpha \,$, $\alpha \times \beta \,$ will be directed upward.
15. It is evident from the preceding definitions that
* $\alpha \cdot \beta =\beta \cdot \alpha ,\,$ and $\alpha \times \beta \ =-\beta \times \alpha .\,$
16. Moreover,
* $\lbrack n\alpha \rbrack \cdot \beta =\alpha \cdot \lbrack n\beta \rbrack =n\lbrack \alpha \cdot \beta \rbrack ,\,$
| and | $\lbrack n\alpha \rbrack \times \beta =\alpha \times \lbrack n\beta \rbrack =n\lbrack \alpha \times \beta \rbrack .$ |
The brackets may therefore be omitted in such expressions.
17. From the definitions of No. 11 it appears that
* $i\cdot i=j\cdot j=k\cdot k=1,\,$
* $i\cdot j=j\cdot i=i\cdot k=k\cdot i=j\cdot k=k\cdot j=0,\,$
* $i\times i=0,\quad j\times j=0,\quad k\times k=0,\,$
* $i\times j=k,\quad j\times k=i,\quad k\times i=j,\,$
* $j\times i=-k,\quad k\times j=-i,\quad i\times k=-j.\,$
18. If we resolve $\beta \,$ into two components $\beta '\,$ and $\beta ''\,$, of which the first is parallel and the second perpendicular to $\alpha \,$, we shall have
* $\alpha \cdot \beta =\alpha \cdot \beta '\,$ and $\alpha \times \beta =\alpha \times \beta ''.\,$
19. $\alpha \cdot \lbrack \beta +\gamma \rbrack =a\cdot \beta +\alpha \cdot \gamma \,$ and $\alpha \times \lbrack \beta +\gamma \rbrack =\alpha \times \beta +\alpha \times \gamma \,$.
To prove this, let $\sigma =\beta +\gamma \,$, and resolve each of the vectors $\beta ,\,\gamma ,\,\sigma$ into two components, one parallel and the other perpendicular to $\alpha \,$. Let these be $\beta ',\,\beta '',\,\gamma ',\,\gamma '',\,\sigma ',\,\sigma ''$. Then the equations to be proved will reduce by the last section to
* $\alpha \cdot \sigma '=\alpha \cdot \beta '+\alpha \cdot \gamma '\,$ and $\alpha \times \sigma ''=\alpha \times \beta ''+\alpha \times \gamma ''\,.$
# Schwere, Elektricität und Magnetismus:383

Bernhard Riemann: Schwere, Elektricität und Magnetismus :
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With this understanding we may say:—
The coefficients by which any vector is expressed in terms of three other vectors are the direct products of that vector with the reciprocals of the three.
Among other relations which are satisfied by reciprocal systems of vectors are the following:
| $\alpha \cdot \alpha '=\beta \cdot \beta '=\gamma \cdot \gamma '=1.\,$ | (5) |
| $(\alpha \cdot \beta \times \gamma )(\alpha '\cdot \beta '\times \gamma ')=1.\,$ | (6) |
(See No. 34.)
| $\alpha \times \alpha '+\beta \times \beta '+\gamma \times \gamma '=0.\,$ | (7) |
(See No. 29.)
A system of three mutually perpendicular unit vectors is reciprocal to itself, and only such a system.
The identical equation
| $\rho =(\rho \cdot i)i+(\rho \cdot j)j+(\rho \cdot k)k\,$ | (8) |
may be regarded as a particular case of equation (2).
The system reciprocal to $\alpha \times \beta ,\,\beta \times \gamma ,\,\gamma \times \alpha$ is
* ${\frac {\alpha }{\alpha \cdot \beta \times \gamma }},\quad {\frac {\beta }{\alpha \cdot \beta \times \gamma }},\quad {\frac {\gamma }{\alpha \cdot \beta \times \gamma }}.$
39. Scalar equations of the first degree with respect to an unknown vector.—It is easily shown that any scalar equation of the first degree with respect to an unknown vector $\rho \,$, in which all the other quantities are known, may be reduced to the form
| $\rho \cdot \alpha =a,\,$ | (8) |
in which $\alpha \,$ and $a\,$ are known. (See No. 35.) Three such equations will afford the value of $\rho \,$ (by equation (8) of No. 37, or equation (3) of No. 38), which may be used to eliminate $\rho \,$ from any other equation either scalar or vector.
When we have four scalar equations of the first degree with respect to $\rho \,$, the elimination may be performed most symmetrically by substituting the values of $\rho \cdot \alpha \,$ etc., in the equation,
* $(\rho \cdot \alpha )(\beta \cdot \gamma \times \delta )-(\rho \cdot \beta )(\gamma \cdot \delta \times \alpha )+(\rho \cdot \gamma )(\delta \cdot \alpha \times \beta )-(\rho \cdot \delta )(\alpha \cdot \beta \times \gamma ),\,$
which is obtained from equation (8) of No. 37 by multiplying directly by $\delta \,$. It may also be obtained from equation (5) of No. 37 by writing $\delta \,$ for $\rho \,$, and then multiplying directly by $\rho \,$.
40. Solution of a vector equation of the first degree with respect to the unknown vector.—It is now easy to solve an equation of the form
| $\delta =\alpha (\lambda \cdot \rho )+\beta (\mu \cdot \rho )+\gamma (\nu \cdot \rho ),\,$ | (1) |
# Schwere, Elektricität und Magnetismus:375

Bernhard Riemann: Schwere, Elektricität und Magnetismus :
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6. Def.—The sum of the vectors $\alpha ,\,\beta ,\And \!\!\!c.\,$ (written $\alpha +\beta +\!\!\!\And \!\!\!c.$) is the vector found by the following process. Assuming any point $A\!$, we determine successively the points $B,\,C,\And \!\!\!c.$, so that ${\overline {AB}}=\alpha ,{\overline {BC}}=\beta ,\And \!\!\!c.$ The vector drawn from $A\!$ to the last point thus determined is the sum required. This is sometimes called the geometrical sum, to distinguish it from an algebraic sum or an arithmetical sum. It is also called the resultant, and $\alpha ,\,\beta ,\And \!\!\!c.$, are called the components. When the vectors to he added are all parallel to the same straight line, geometrical addition reduces to algebraic: when they have all the same direction, geometrical addition like algebraic reduces to arithmetical.
It may easily be shown that the value of a sum is not affected by changing the order of two consecutive terms, and therefore that it is not affected by any change in the order of the terms. Again, it is evident from the definition that the value of a sum is not altered by uniting any of its terms in brackets, as $\alpha +\lbrack \beta +\gamma \rbrack +\!\!\!\And \!\!\!c.\,$, which is in effect to substitute the sum of the terms enclosed for the terms themselves among the vectors to be added. In other words, the commutative and associative principles of arithmetical and algebraic addition hold true of geometrical addition.
7. Def.—A vector is said to be subtracted when it is added after reversal of direction. This is indicated by the use of the sign $-\,$ instead of $+\,$.
8. It is easily shown that the distributive principle of arithmetical and algebraic multiplication applies to the multiplication of sums of vectors by scalars or sums of scalars:—i. e.,
* ${\begin{alignedat}{2}(m+n+\!\!\!\And \!\!\!c.)\lbrack \alpha +\beta +\And \!\!\!c.\rbrack &=m\alpha &&+n\alpha +\!\!\!\And \!\!\!c.\,\\&+m\beta &&+n\beta +\!\!\!\And \!\!\!c.\,\\&\qquad &&\,+\!\!\!\And \!\!\!c.\,\end{alignedat}}$
9. Vector Equations.—If we have equations between sums and differences of vectors, we may transpose terms in them, multiply or divide by any scalar, and add or subtract the equations, precisely as in the case of the equations of ordinary algebra. Hence, if we have several such equations containing known and unknown vectors, the processes of elimination and reduction by which the unknown vectors may be expressed in terms of the known are precisely the same, and subject to the same limitations, as if the letters representing vectors represented scalars. This will be evident if we consider that in the multiplications incident to elimination in the supposed scalar equations the multipliers are the coefficients of the unknown quantities, or functions of these coefficients, and that such
# Schwere, Elektricität und Magnetismus:376

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multiplications may be applied to the vector equations, since the coefficients are scalars.
10. Linear relation of four vectors, Coördinates.—If $\alpha \,$, $\beta \,$, and $\gamma \,$ are any given vectors not parallel to the same plane, any other vector $\rho \,$ may be expressed in the form
* $\rho =a\alpha +b\beta +c\gamma .\,$
If $\alpha \,$, $\beta \,$, and $\gamma \,$ are unit vectors, $a\,$, $b\,$, and $c\,$ are the ordinary scalar components of $\rho \,$ parallel to $\alpha \,$, $\beta \,$, and $\gamma \,$. If $\rho ={\overline {OP}}$, ($\alpha ,\,\beta ,\,\gamma$ being unit vectors,) $a\,$, $b\,$, and $c\,$ are the cartesian coördinates of the point $P\,$ referred to axes through $O\,$ parallel to $\alpha \,$, $\beta \,$, and $\gamma \,$. When the values of these scalars are given, $\rho \,$ is said to be given in terms of $\alpha \,$, $\beta \,$, and $\gamma \,$. It is generally in this way that the value of a vector is specified, viz., in terms of three known vectors. For such purposes of reference, a system of three mutually perpendicular vectors have certain evident advantages.
11. Normal systems of unit vectors.—The letters $i,\,j,\,k$ are appropriated to the designation of a normal system of unit vectors, i. e., three unit vectors, each of which is at right angles to the other two and determined in direction by them in a perfectly definite manner. We shall always suppose that $k\,$ is on the side of the $i-j$ plane on which a rotation from $i\,$ to $j\,$ (through one right angle) appears counter-clock-wise. In other words, the directions of $i\,$, $j\,$, and $k\,$ are to be so determined that if they be turned (remaining rigidly connected with each other) so that $i\,$ points to the east, and $j\,$ to the north, $k\,$ will point upward. When rectangular axes of $X\,$, $Y\,$, and $Z\,$ are employed, their directions will be conformed to a similar condition, and $i,\,j,\,k$ (when the contrary is not stated) will be supposed parallel to these axes respectively. We may have occasion to use more than one such system of unit vectors, just as we may use more than one system of coördinate axes. In such cases, the different systems may be distinguished by accents or otherwise.
12. Numerical computation of a geometrical sum.—If
* ${\begin{aligned}&\rho =a\,\alpha +b\,\beta +c\,\gamma ,\,\\\,\\&\sigma =a'\,\alpha +b'\,\beta +c'\,\gamma ,\,\\\,\\&\!\!\!\And \!\!\!c.,\,\end{aligned}}$
then
* $\rho +\sigma +\And \!\!\!c.=(a+a'+\,\And \!\!\!c.)\alpha +(b+b'+\And \!\!\!c.)\beta +(c+c'+\And \!\!\!c.)\gamma .\,$
I. e., the coefficients by which a geometrical sum is expressed in terms of three vectors are the sums of the coefficients by which the separate terms of the geometrical sum are expressed in terms of the same three vectors.
# Schwere, Elektricität und Magnetismus:381

Bernhard Riemann: Schwere, Elektricität und Magnetismus :
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35. The student will also easily convince himself that a product formed of any number of letters (representing vectors) combined in any possible way by scalar, direct, and skew multiplications may be reduced by the principles of Nos. 24 and 27 to a sum of products, each of which consists of scalar factors of the forms $\alpha \cdot \beta \,$ and $\alpha (\beta \times \gamma )\,$) with a single vector factor of the form $\alpha \,$ or $\alpha \times \beta$, when the original product is a vector.
36. Elimination of scalars from vector equations.—It has already been observed that the elimination of vectors from equations of the form
* $a\alpha +b\beta +c\gamma +d\delta +\And \!\!\!c.=0\,$
is performed by the same rule as the eliminations of ordinary algebra. (See No. 9.) But the elimination of scalars from such equations is at least formally different. Since a single vector equation is the equivalent of three scalar equations, we must be able to deduce from such an equation a scalar equation from which two of the scalars which appear in the original vector equation have been eliminated. We shall see how this may be done, if we consider the scalar equation
* $a\alpha \cdot \lambda +b\beta \cdot \lambda +c\gamma \cdot \lambda +d\delta \cdot \lambda +\And \!\!\!c.=0,\,$
which is derived from the above vector equation by direct multiplication by a vector $\lambda$. We may regard the original equation as the equivalent of the three scalar equations obtained by substituting for $\alpha ,\,\beta ,\,\gamma ,\,\delta$, etc., their $X-,\,Y-$, and $Z-\,$ components. The second equation would be derived from these by multiplying them respectively by the $X-,\,Y-$, and $Z-\,$ components of $\lambda$ and adding. Hence the second equation may be regarded as the most general form of a scalar equation of the first degree in $a,\,b,\,c,\,d$, etc., which can be derived from the original vector equation or its equivalent three scalar equations. If we wish to have two of the scalars, as $b\,$ and $c\,$, disappear, we have only to choose for $\lambda \,$ a vector perpendicular to $\beta \,$ and $\gamma \,$. Such a vector is $\beta \times \gamma \,$. We thus obtain
* $a\alpha \cdot \beta \times \gamma +d\delta \cdot \beta \times \gamma +\And \!\!\!c.=0.\,$
37. Relations of four vectors.—By this method of elimination we may find the values of the coefficients $a,\,b,$ and $c\,$ in the equation
| $\rho =a\alpha +b\beta +c\gamma ,\,$ | (1) |
by which any vector $\rho \,$ is expressed in terms of three others. (See No. 10.) If we multiply directly by $\beta \times \gamma ,\gamma \times \alpha$, and $\alpha \times \beta \,$, we obtain
| $\rho \cdot \beta \times \gamma =a\alpha \cdot \beta \times \gamma ,\,\rho \cdot \gamma \times \alpha =b\beta \cdot \gamma \times \alpha ,\,\rho \cdot \alpha \times \beta =c\gamma \cdot \alpha \beta ;$ | (2) |
whence