# William H. Baxter

William Hubbard Baxter III. (geb. am 3. März 1949 in New York City) ist ein US-amerikanischer Sprachwissenschaftler, der auf die Geschichte der chinesischen Sprache – vor allem auf die Rekonstruktion des Altchinesischen – spezialisiert ist. Er promovierte 1977 in Sprachwissenschaft an der Cornell-Universität. 1983 nahm er einen Posten an der Universität Michigan an, wo er derzeit Professor für Sprachwissenschaft sowie für asiatische Sprachen und Kulturen ist.
Baxters Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology ist das Standardwerk für die Rekonstruktion der Phonologie des Altchinesischen. In dem Buch stellt er gemeinsam mit Laurent Sagart vom Centre national de la recherche scientifique in Paris eine verbesserte Rekonstruktion der Aussprache, des Wortschatzes und der Morphologie des Altchinesischen vor. Rekonstruktionen von beinahe fünftausend Wörtern wurden im Internet veröffentlicht. Im Jahr 2016 erhielten Baxter und Sagart für ihr Buch Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction den Leonard-Bloomfield-Buchpreis der Linguistic Society of America.

## Werke

* William Baxter, Laurent Sagart: Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction. Oxford University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-994537-5.
* Laurent Sagart, William Baxter (2012). Reconstructing the *s- prefix in Old Chinese. Language and Linguistics 13. 29–59.
* Shā Jiā’ěr 沙加尔 [Laurent Sagart], Bái Yīpíng 白一平 [William H. Baxter] (2010). Shànggǔ Hànyǔ de N- hé m- qiánzhuì 上古汉语的 N- 和 m- 前缀. Hàn-Zàngyǔ xuébào 《汉藏语学报》 [Journal of Sino-Tibetan Linguistics] 4. 62–69.
* Bái Yīpíng 白一平 [William H. Baxter] (2010). "'Yì', 'shì' 'shè' děng zì de gòunǐ hé zhōnggǔ sy- (shūmǔ = shěnsān) de láiyuán" “埶”, “勢”, “設” 等字的構擬和中古 sy- （書母 = 審三） 的來源 . Jiǎnbó 簡帛 5. 161–178.
* Laurent Sagart, William Baxter (2009). Reconstructing Old Chinese uvulars in the Baxter-Sagart system (version 0.99). Cahiers de linguistique Asie orientale 38. 221–244.
* William W. Baxter: Mandarin dialect phylogeny. In: Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. 35. Jahrgang, 2006, S. 71–114.
* William W. Baxter: Eulogy: Sergej Anatol′evič Starostin, March 24, 1953 – September 30, 2005. In: Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 34. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, 2006, S. 164–166.
* William H. Baxter: The linguist’s linguist: a collection of papers in honour of Alexis Manaster Ramer. Hrsg.: Fabrice Cavoto. LINCOM EUROPA, Munich 2002, Where does the ‘Comparative Method’ come from?, S. 33–52.
* (2000) (mit Alexis Manaster Ramer) Beyond lumping and splitting: probabilistic issues in historical linguistics. In Time depth in historical linguistics, ed. by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon & Larry Trask, 167–188. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
* William W. Baxter: Did Proto-Mandarin exist? In: Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 28. Jahrgang, 2000, S. 100–115.
* (1999) "Reconstructing Proto-'Mandarin' retroflex initials". In Issues in Chinese dialect description and classification (Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs, 15), ed. by Richard VanNess Simmons, 1–35. Berkeley: Project on Linguistic Analysis.
* (1999) Eulogy: Nicholas C. Bodman (1913–1997). Journal of Chinese Linguistics 27.190–191.
* (1998) Response to Oswalt and Ringe. In Nostratic: Sifting the Evidence, ed. by Joseph C. Salmons and Brian D. Joseph, 217–236. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
* (1998) Situating the language of the Lao-tzu: the probable date of the Tao-te-ching. In Lao-tzu and the Tao-te-ching, ed. by Livia Kohn and Michael LaFargue, 231–253. Albany: State University Press of New York, 1998.
* (1997) (with Laurent Sagart) Word formation in Old Chinese. In New approaches to Chinese word formation, ed. by Jerome Packard, 35–76. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
* (1996) Rezension (mit Alexis Manaster Ramer) von Donald A. Ringe, Jr., On calculating the factor of chance in language comparison (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1992), Diachronica 13.371–384.
* (1995) "'A stronger affinity … than could have been produced by accident': a probabilistic comparison of Old Chinese and Tibeto-Burman". In The Ancestry of the Chinese Language (Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs, 8), ed. by William S.-Y. Wang, 1–39. Berkeley: Project on Linguistic Analysis.
* (1995) "Pre-Qièyùn distinctions in the Mǐn dialects". In Papers from the First International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan (Dì-1 jiè Táiwān yǔyán guójì yántǎo huì lùnwén xuǎnjí 《第一屆臺灣 語言國際研討會論文選集》) hrsg. von Ts’ao Feng-fu 曹逢甫 und Ts’ai Mei-hui 蔡美慧, 393–406. Taipei: Crane Publishing.
* (1994) Guānyú Shànggǔyīn de sìge jiǎshè 關於上古音的四個假設 (Four hypotheses on Old Chinese phonology). In Zhōngguó jìngnèi yǔyán jì yǔyánxué 《中國境內語言暨語言學》 (Chinese languages and linguistics), vol. 2: Lìshǐ yǔyánxué 歷史語言學 (Historical linguistics), hrsg. von Li Jen-kuei 李壬癸, Huang Chu-ren 黃居仁 und T’ang Chih-chen 湯志真, 41–60. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.
* (1994) Reply to Pulleyblank. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 22.139–160
* (1994) Some phonological correspondences between Chinese and Tibeto-Burman. In Current issues in Sino-Tibetan Linguistics, hrsg. von Hajime Kitamura, Tatsuo Nishida und Yasuhiko Nagano, 25–35. Osaka: The Organizing Committee, The 26th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics.
* (1993) Rezension von Johanna Nichols, Linguistic diversity in space and time (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), Science 259:1927–8 (26 March 1993).
* (1993) Pre-Qieyun distinctions in the Min dialects. First International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan, Taipei.
* (1992) A handbook of Old Chinese phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992.
* (1991) Zhōu and Hàn phonology in the Shījīng. In Studies in the historical phonology of Asian languages (Current issues in linguistic theory, 77), hrsg. von William G. Boltz and Michael C. Shapiro, 1–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
* (1991) On the hypothesis of a genetic connection between the Sino-Tibetan languages and the Yeniseian and North-Caucasian languages’ (annotated translation of Sergei Starostin’s ‘Gipoteza o genetičeskix svjazjax sinotibetskix jazykov s enisejskimi i severno-kavkazskimi jazykami’). In Dene-Sino-Caucasian languages: materials from the First International Interdisciplinary Symposium on Language and Prehistory, Ann Arbor, 8.–12. November 1988, edited by Vitaly Shevoroshkin. Bochum: Brockmeyer.
* (1989) Review of Marie-Claude Paris, Problèmes de syntaxe et de sémantique en linguistique chinoise, Mémoires de l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, vol. 20 (Paris: Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, 1981). Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 24.111–118
* (1987) Rezension von E. G. Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese: a study in historical phonology (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1984). Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 47.635–656.
* (1986) Old Chinese *-u and *-iw in the Shi-jing. In Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies (Cornell linguistic contributions, 5), ed. by John McCoy and Timothy Light, 258–282. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
* (1986) Chinese and Japanese CAI at the University of Michigan. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 21.19–26.
* (1985) Tibeto-Burman cognates of Old Chinese *-ij and *-ɨj. In Linguistics of the Sino-Tibetan area: the state of the art—papers presented to Paul K. Benedict for his 71st birthday (Pacific linguistics, series C, no. 87), ed. by Graham Thurgood, James A. Matisoff, and David Bradley, 242–263. Canberra: The Australian National University.
* (1985) Language and language policy in Singapore. Social Education 49:116–117 (1985).
* (1985) Rezension von W. South Coblin, A handbook of Eastern Han sound glosses (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1983). Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48.170–171.
* (1984) Formal semantics of a fragment of Chinese. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 19.37–52.
* (1983) A look at the history of Chinese color terminology. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 18.2.1–25.
* (1983) Shànggǔ Hànyǔ *sr- de fāzhǎn 上古汉语 *sr- 的发展’ (The development of Old Chinese *sr–). Yǔyán Yánjiū 《语言研究》 (Wǔhàn) 4.22–26.
* (1982) Rezension von Paul Fu-Mien Yang, Chinese dialectology: a selected and classified bibliography (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1981). Journal of Asian Studies 41.158–159.
* (1982) Some proposals on Old Chinese phonology. In Contributions in historical linguistics: issues and materials (Cornell linguistic contributions, 3), hrsg. von Frans van Coetsem und Linda R. Waugh, 1–33. Leiden: E. J. Brill.