# Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal

Die Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal ist ein von der National Academy of Sciences der Vereinigten Staaten seit 1952 etwa alle drei Jahre vergebener Wissenschaftspreis auf dem Gebiet der Medizin.

## Preisträger

Angegeben ist die Begründung für die Preisvergabe (auf Englisch).
* 1952 Alfred N. Richards: For his outstanding contributions to medical science over a period of a one half a century, both as an investigator and as a research executive and administrator.
* 1955 Francis Peyton Rous
* 1958 Ernest W. Goodpasture: For his outstanding contributions to medical science and for long and continued devotion to the study of his chosen field of pathology.
* 1959 Eugene L. Opie: For his outstanding contributions to medical science and for a life of exemplary devotion to medical education and inquiry into the origins of disease.
* 1961 Karl F. Meyer: For his outstanding contributions to medical sciences as an investigator, teacher, and administrator over a period of half a century.
* 1962 George Hoyt Whipple: For his contributions of many biological discoveries basic for advances in clinical and experimental medicine.
* 1966 Rufus Cole: For his notable role in advancing our knowledge of lobar pneumonia and in establishing clinical investigation as a science.
* 1967 Karl Paul Link: For his discovery and application of coumarin anticoagulants.
* 1970 Thomas Francis, Jr.: For his laboratory and epidemiological researches on virus diseases, including his major role in the program for the evaluation of the polio vaccine and for his imaginative design for long-term studies of the atomic bomb survivors in Japan.
* 1973 Seymour S. Kety: For furthering the essential understanding of balance between hereditary and other biological factors, on the one hand, and psychosocial experimental ones, on the other, in the pathogenesis and manifestations of schizophrenia.
* 1976 Julius H. Comroe: For his immeasurable contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease during his career, which was devoted to the physiology and chemistry of respiration and the mechanical and chemical properties of the human lung.
* 1979 Henry G. Kunkel: For his pioneering and influential studies in basic immunology, immune complex disease, immune deficiency disorders, and lymphocytic membrane markers.
* 1985 Oscar D. Ratnoff: For his studies of the Hageman trait, an experiment of nature that improved understanding of such bodily defenses as the formation and dissolution of blood clots, inflammation, and immunity.
* 1988 Maclyn McCarty: For the discovery and characterization, with Avery and McLeod, that deoxyribonucleic acid is the chemical substance of heredity, and for his subsequent contributions to our understanding of the biology of streptococci and their role in disease.
* 1991 Roscoe O. Brady: For revolutionary accomplishments in human sphingolipid storage disorders, including the discovery of enzymatic defects, the development of genetic counseling procedures, and successful enzyme-replacement therapy.
* 1994 Donald Metcalf: For his discovery and purification of the hemotopoietic growth factors and for their introduction into clinical medicine for the control of blood cell formation and resistance to infection.
* 1998 Hugh McDevitt: For his landmark discovery and identification of genes that control immune responsiveness, and for his subsequent elucidation of mechanisms of antigen recognition and induction of the immune response.
* 2001 Robert Lefkowitz: For his elucidation of the structure, function, and mechanism of regulation of heptahelical receptors, nature's detectors of signals from many hormones, neurotransmitters, and drugs.
* 2004 Irving L. Weissman: For his seminal studies that defined the physical properties, purification, and growth regulation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells.
* 2007 Jeffrey M. Friedman: For the discovery of leptin and its role in the regulation of appetite, energy expenditure, and the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity.
* 2010 Janet Rowley: For her discovery of recurring chromosome translocations that characterize specific hematological malignancies, a landmark event that caused a major shift in the paradigms relating to cancer biology in the 1970s and paved the way for development of specific treatment for two leukemias.
* 2013 Stuart H. Orkin: For his discovery of the molecular basis of blood disorders and elucidation of regulatory mechanisms that govern the development of blood stem cells and blood cell lineages.
* 2016 Huda Zoghbi: For her pioneering contributions to the fields of neurodegenerative proteinopathies, autism spectrum disorders, epigenetics, and developmental biology by coupling clinical observation and gene discovery with focused, in-depth mechanistic study.
* 2018 James P. Allison: For the discovery that antibody blockade of the T cell molecule CTLA-4 unleashes the body’s immune response against malignant tumors and develops immune checkpoint blockade as a successful cancer therapy.
* 2020 Bert Vogelstein: For his pioneering work in elucidating the fundamental principles of the molecular basis of human cancer and the application of this knowledge to improve the clinical management of patients.
* 2022 Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman: For their pioneering work in developing nucleoside-modified mRNA, the foundation for the first two approved COVID-19 vaccines.
* 2024 Ruslan Medzhitov: Medzhitov’s pioneering contributions have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of innate immunity, which provides immediate defense against infection.