# Cottus asper

Cottus asper és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels còtids.

## Descripció

* Fa 30 cm de llargària màxima (normalment, en fa 7).
* Nombre de vèrtebres: 34-39.

## Reproducció

És ovípar amb ous demersals i adhesius, i larves pelàgiques.

## Alimentació

Menja principalment larves d'insectes aquàtics i invertebrats bentònics.

## Depredadors

És depredat per Ptychocheilus oregonensis, Coregonus clupeaformis, Salvelinus malma, Salvelinus namaycush i Mergus merganser americanus.

## Hàbitat

És un peix demersal i de clima temperat (60°N-32°N).

## Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Nord-amèrica: conques pacífiques des de Seward (Alaska) fins al riu Ventura (Califòrnia).

## Longevitat

La seua esperança de vida és de 7 anys.

## Ús comercial

És massa petit i molt difícil de capturar en grans quantitats com per a ésser emprat com a aliment o en qualsevol altra cosa. Tot i així, els exemplars grossos són bons com a esquers i una menja excel·lent.

## Observacions

És inofensiu per als humans.

## Referències

* ↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
* 1 2 3 4 FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ Page, L. M.; Burr, B. M. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico (en anglès). Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991. ISBN 0-395-35307-6.
* ↑ Hugg, D.O., 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. i Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater (Maryland), Estats Units.
* 1 2 Matarese, A.C., A.W. Kendall, D.M. Blood i M.V. Vinter, 1989. Laboratory guide to early life history stages of Northeast Pacific fishes. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 80:1-652.
* ↑ Patten, B.J., 1971. Spawning and fecundity of seven species of northwest American Cottus. Amer. Midl. Nat. 85(2):493-506.
* ↑ Scott, W.B. i E.J. Crossman, 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184:1-966.
* ↑ FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ Munro, J.A. i W.A. Clemens, 1936. Food of the American merganser (Mergus merganser americanus) in British Columbia. Can. Field-Nat. 50(3):34-36.
* ↑ Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
* ↑ Brown, L.R., S.A. Matern i P.B. Moyle, 1995. Comparative ecology of prickly sculpin, Cottus asper, and coastrange sculpin, Cottus aleuticus, in the Eel River, California. Environ. Biol. Fish. 42:329-343.
* ↑ Carl, G.C., W.A. Clemens i C.C. Lindsey, 1959. The freshwater fishes of British Columbia (3a. revisió). B.C. Prov. Mus. Handb. 5: 192 p.
* ↑ Coad, B.W., 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapur.
* ↑ Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt i C.K. Minns, 2001. Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. Núm. 2554. 89p.
* ↑ Evermann, B.W. i E.L. Goldsborough, 1907. The fishes of Alaska. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 26: 219-360.
* ↑ Girard, C.F., 1852. Contributions to the natural history of the freshwater fishes of North America. I. A monograph of the cottoids. Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl. 3(art. 3):80 p.
* ↑ Lamb, A. i P. Edgell, 1986. Coastal fishes of the Pacific northwest. Harbour Publishing Co. Ltd., B.C., el Canadà. 224 p.
* ↑ Lord, J.K., 1866. The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. Vol. 2. Richard Bentley, Londres. 375 p.
* ↑ Lord, J.K., 1866. The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. Vol. I. Richard Bentley, Londres. 358 p.
* ↑ McPhail, J.D. i C.C. Lindsey, 1970. Freshwater fishes of northwestern Canada and Alaska. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 173:381 p.
* ↑ McPhail, J.D. i R. Carveth, 1993. Field key to the freshwater fishes of British Columbia. Fish Museum, Department of Zoology, U.B.C., el Canadà, 239 p.
* ↑ Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea i J.D. Williams, 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland, Estats Units.
* ↑ Quast, J.C. i E.L. Hall, 1972. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-658, 47 p.
* ↑ Richardson, J.S., T.J. Lissimore, M.C. Healey i T.G. Northcote, 2000. Fish communities of the lower Fraser River (Canada) and a 21-year contrast. Environ. Biol. of Fish 59:125-140.
* ↑ Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
* ↑ Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. (20):183 p.
* ↑ Sinclair, D.C., 1968. Diel limnetic occurrence of young Cottus asper in two British Columbia lakes. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 25(9):1997-2000.
* ↑ Wang, J.C., 1981. Taxonomy of the early life stages of fishes: Fishes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary and Moss landing harbor-Elkhorn slough, California. Ecological Analysts, Inc., Concord, Califòrnia. 168 p.
* ↑ Wydoski, R.S. i R.R. Whitney, 1979. Inland fishes of Washington. University Washington Press. 220p.
* ↑ Bond, C.E., 1963. Distribution and ecology of freshwater sculpins, genus Cottus, in Oregon. Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor. 186 pp.
* ↑ Morrow, J.E., 1980. The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p.
* ↑ Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald i H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 336 p.

## Bibliografia

* Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
* Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
* Heckel, J.J., 1840. Ichthyologische Beitrage zu den Familien der Cottoiden, Scorpaenoiden, gobioiden, und Cyprinoiden. Ann. Wein. Mus. Natur. 2:143-164.
* Jones, R., 1999. Haida names and utilization of common fish and marine mammals. p. 39-48. A: N. Haggan i A. Beattie (eds.). Back to the Future: Reconstructing the Hecate Strait Ecosystem. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 7(3). 65 p.
* Kinziger, A.P., R.M. Wood i D.A. Neely, 2005. Molecular systematics of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae). Copeia (2):303-311.
* Krejsa, R.J., 1967. The systematics of the prickly sculpin, Cottus asper Richardson, a polytypic species. Part I. Synonymy, nomenclatural history, and distribution. Pac. Sci. 21(2): 241-251.
* Krejsa, R.J., 1967. The systematics of the prickly sculpin, Cottus asper Richardson, a polytypic species. Part II. Studies on the life history, with special reference to migration. Pac. Sci. 21(4):414-422.
* McDowall, R.M., 1988. Diadromy in fishes: migrations between freshwater and marine environments. Croom Helm, Londres.
* Petersen, J.H. i D.L. Ward, 1999. Development and corroboration of a bioenergetics model for Northern Pikeminnow feeding on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 128(5):784-801.
* Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.

## Enllaços externs

* AQUATAB