# Nova Guinea Alemanya

La Nova Guinea Alemanya (alemany: Deutsch-Neuguinea) va formar part de l'Imperi Colonial Alemany. Va ser un protectorat des de 1884 fins a 1914 quan el van prendre les forces armades australianes a l'inici de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Constava de la part nord-est de Nova Guinea i diverses illes properes. La part continental de la Nova Guinea Alemanya i les properes illes de l'Arxipèlag de Bismarck i les Illes Solomon del nord actualment formen part de Papua Nova Guinea.

## Història

Els primers alemanys presents a l'Oceà Pacífic Sud probablement van ser mariners a bord dels vaixells dirigits per Abel Tasman en el seu primer viatge, el capità del vaixell Heemskerck va ser un Holleman (o Holman), nascut a Jever al nordóest d'Alemanya. Els mercaders de la Lliga Hanseàticavan ser els primers a establir-hi factories. Johann Cesar Godeffroy & Sohn d'Hamburg, van tenir la seu central a Samoa des de 1857 i operaven als Mars del Sud, especialment en el mercat de la copra i van portar immigrants alemanys. A finals de la dècada de 1870, una activa minoria de diversos partits alemanys organitzà a Alemanya diverses societats colonials per tal de persuadir Bismarck per embarcar-se en una política colonial.
A la tornada de la seva expedició alemanya al Pacífic de 1879-1882, Otto Finsch allistà un grup interessat en l'expansió colonial alemanya dirigit pel banquer Adolph von Hansemann. Finsch els encoratjà a fundar una colònia a la costa nord-est de Nova Guinea i l'Arxipèlag de Bismarck.
El 3 de novembre de 1884, sota els auspicis de la Deutsche Neuguinea-Compagnie, la bandera alemanya s'hissà sobre Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, l'Arxipèlag Bismarck i les Illes Solomon alemanyes.

## Referències

* ↑ «Chronology of Germans in Australia». Arxivat de l'original el 2009-11-30. [Consulta: 16 setembre 2015].
* ↑ Gutenberg Australia Abel Janszoon Tasman's Journal, edited by J E Heeres (1898), see descriptive note.
* ↑ Townsend, M. E. (1943) "Commercial and Colonial Policies" The Journal of Economic History 3 pp 124–134 at p 125
* ↑ Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann, "Domestic Origins of Germany's Colonial Expansion under Bismarck" (1969) Past & Present 42 pp 140–159 at p 144 citing R. V. Pierard, "The German Colonial Society, 1882–1914" (Iowa State University, PhD thesis, 1964); K. Klauss, Die Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft und die deutsche Kolonialpolitik von den Anfangen bis 1895 (Humboldt Universitat, East Berlin, PhD thesis, 1966); F. F. Muller, Deutschland-Zanzibar-Ostafrika. Geschichte einer deutschen Kolonialeroberung (Berlin, 1959).
* ↑ P. G. Sack 'Finsch, Otto (1839–1917)' Australian Dictionary of Biography

## Bibliografia

* Peter Biskup: Hahl at Herbertshoehe, 1896–1898: The Genesis of German Native Administration in New Guinea, in: K. S. Inglis (ed.): History of Melanesia, Canberaa – Port Moresby 1969, 2nd ed. 1971, 77–99.
* Firth, Stewart: Albert Hahl: Governor of German New Guinea. In: Griffin, James, Editor : Papua New Guinea Portraits: The Expatriate Experience. Canberra: Australian National University Press; 1978: 28–47.
* Firth, S. G.: The New Guinea Company, 1885–1899: A Case of Unprofitable Imperialism. in: Historical Studies. 1972; 15: 361–377.
* Firth, Stewart G.: Arbeiterpolitik in Deutsch-Neuguinea vor 1914. In: Hütter, Joachim; Meyers, Reinhard; Papenfuss, Dietrich, Editors: Tradition und Neubeginn: Internationale Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte im 20. Jahrhundert. Köln: Carl Heymanns Verlag KG; 1975: 481–489.
* Noel Gash – June Whittaker: A pictorial history of New Guinea, Jacaranda Press: Milton, Queensland 1975, 312 p., ISBN 186273 025 3.
* Whittaker, J L; Gash, N. G.; Hookey, J. F.; and Lacey R. J. (eds.) : Documents and Readings in New Guinea History: Prehistory to 1889, Jacaranda Press: Brisbane 1975/1982
* Firth, Stewart: German Firms in the Western Pacific Islands, 1857–1914. in: Journal of Pacific History. 1973; 8: 10–28.
* Firth, Stewart G.: German Firms in the Pacific Islands, 1857– 1914. In: Moses, John A.; Kennedy, Paul M., Editors. Germany in the Pacific and Far East, 1870–1914. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press; 1977: 3–25
* Firth, Stewart: German New Guinea: The Archival Perspective. in: Journal of Pacific History. 1985; 20: 94–103.
* Firth, Stewart: The Germans in New Guinea. In: May, R. J.; Nelson, Hank, Editors: Melanesia: Beyond Diversity. Canberra: Australian National University, Research School of Pacific Studies; 1982: 151–156.
* Firth, Stewart: The Transformation of the Labour Trade in German New Guinea, 1899–1914. in: Journal of Pacific History. 1976; 11: 51–65.
* Firth, Stewart. Labour in German New Guinea. In: Latukefu, Sione, Editor. Papua New Guinea: A Century of Colonial Impact 1884–1984. Port Moresby: The National Research Institute and the University of Papua New Guinea in association with the PNG Centennmial Committee; 1989: 179–202.
* Moses, John, and Kennedy, Paul, Germany in the Pacific and Far East 1870–1914, St Lucia Qld: Queensland University Press, 1977. ISBN 9780702213304
* Sack, Peter, ed., German New Guinea: A Bibliography, Canberra ACT: Australian National University Press, 1980, ISBN 9780909596477
* Firth, Stewart: New Guinea Under the Germans, Melbourne University Press : International Scholarly Book Services: Carlton, Vic. 1983, ISBN 9780522842203, reprinted by WEB Books: Port Moresby 1986, ISBN 9980570105.
* Foster, Robert J. "Komine and Tanga: A Note on Writing the History of German New Guinea," Journal of Pacific History (1987) 22#1 56–64; historiography.
* Mary Taylor Huber: The Bishops' Progress. A Historical Ethnography of Catholic Missionary Experience of Catholic Missionary Experience on the Sepik Frontier, Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington and London 1988, 264 pp., ISBN 0-87474-544-6.
* Mary Taylor Huber: The Bishops' Progress: Representations of Missionary Experience on the Sepik Frontier, in: Nancy Lutkehaus (ed.): Sepik Heritage. Tradition and Change in Papua New Guinea, Crawford House Press: Bathurst, NSW (Australia) 1990, 663 pp. + 3 maps, ISBN 1-86333-014-3., pp. 197–211.
* Keck, Verena. "Representing New Guineans in German Colonial Literature," Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde (2008), Vol. 54, pp 59–83.

## Enllaços externs

* Archives of the German Colonial Society (en alemany) Arxivat 2005-05-07 a Wayback Machine.
* Deutsch-Neuguinea Arxivat 2015-09-27 a Wayback Machine.