# Cynoscion nebulosus

Cynoscion nebulosus és una espècie de peix de la família dels esciènids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

## Morfologia

* Els mascles poden assolir 100 cm de longitud total i 7.920 g de pes.

## Alimentació

Menja principalment crustacis i peixos.

## Hàbitat

És un peix de clima subtropical i demersal.

## Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a l'Atlàntic occidental: des de Nova York fins al sud de Florida i el Golf de Mèxic sencer.

## Ús comercial

És important com a aliment per als humans (s'utilitza fresc per a coure'l al vapor, rostir i enfornar) i com a trofeu en la pesca esportiva.

## Observacions

És inofensiu per als humans.

## Referències

* ↑ Gill T. N., 1861. Revision of the genera of North American Sciaeninae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 13. 79-89.
* ↑ BioLib (anglès)
* ↑ Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1830. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome cinquième. Livre cinquième. Des Sciénoïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 5: i-xxviii + 1-499 + 4 pp., Pls. 100-140.
* 1 2 3 4 5 FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ IGFA, 2001. Base de dades de registres de pesca IGFA fins al 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Estats Units.
* ↑ Ayala-Pérez, L.A., J.R. Miranda i D.F. Hernández, 2003. La comunidad de peces de la Laguna de Términos: estructura actual comparada Rev. Biol. Trop. 51(3):783-794.
* ↑ Brown-Peterson, N., P. Thomas i C.R. Arnold, 1988. Reproductive biology of the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in south Texas. Fish. Bull. 86(2):373-388.
* ↑ Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. A: W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volum 4. FAO, Roma.
* ↑ Chao, N.L., 2002. Scianidae. Croakers. p. 1583-1653. A: K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals.
* ↑ Hugg, D.O., 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. i Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater (Maryland), Estats Units.
* ↑ Johnson, G.D., 1978. Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of egg, larval and juvenile stages. Vol. 4. Carangidae through Ephippidae. US Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Serv. Prog. FWS/OBS-78/12.
* ↑ Klima, E.F. i D.C. Tabb, 1959. A contribution to the biology of the spotted weakfish, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier), from Northwest Florida, with a description of the fishes. Florida Board Conserv. Tech. Bull. (30):25 p.
* ↑ Maceina, M.J., D.N. Hata, T.L. Linton i A.M. Landry, Jr., 1987. Age and growth analysis of spotted seatrout from Galveston Bay, Texas. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 116(1):54-59.
* ↑ Massey, L.L. i D.E. Harper, 1993. Selected computer images of southeastern U.S. marine fishes. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFSC-333, 49 p.
* ↑ Matlock, G.C. i M.A. García, 1983. Stomach contents of selected fishes from Texas bays. Contrib. Mar. Sci. 26:95-110
* ↑ Minello, T.J., R.J. Zimmerman i T.E. Czapla, 1989. Habitat-related differences in diets of small fishes in Lavaca Bay, Texas, 1985-1986. NOAA Tech. Memo. SEFC-NMFS-236:1-16.
* ↑ Moflett, A., 1961. Movements and growth of spotted sea trouts, Cynoscion nebulosus, Cuvier, in West Florida. Fla. St. Bd. Cons. Tech. Ser. (36):1-35.
* ↑ Nakamura, I., T. Inada, M. Takeda i H. Hatanaka, 1986. Important fishes trawled off Patagonia. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tòquio (Japó). 369 p.
* ↑ Nieland, D.L., R.G. Thomas i C.A. Wilson, 2002. Age, growth, and reproduction of spotted seatrout in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 131(2):245-259.
* ↑ Overstreet, R., 1983. Aspects of the biology of the spotted sea trout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in Mississippi. Gulf. Res. Rep. Supp. 1:1-43.
* ↑ Pearson, J., 1929. Natural history and conservation of redfish and other commercial sciaenids on the Texas coast. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. Wash. 44:129-214.
* ↑ Peebles, E.B. i S.G. Tolley, 1988. Distribution, growth and mortality of larval spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus: a comparison between two adjacent estuarine areas of southwest Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 42:397-410.
* ↑ Robins, C.R. i G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 354 p.
* ↑ Smith, C.L., 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Nova York, Estats Units. 720 p.
* ↑ Tabb, D.C., 1961. A contribution to the biology of the spotted sea trout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in East Central Florida. Fla. St. Bd. Cons. Tech. Ser. (35):1-23.
* ↑ Welsh, W. i G. Breder, 1924. Contribution to the life history of Sciaenidae of the U.S. East Coast. Fish. Bull. 39(945):141-201.
* ↑ Zaneveld, J.S., 1983. Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean) E.J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p.
* ↑ Frimodt, C., 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, Anglaterra. 215 p.

## Bibliografia

* Aguilar-Salazar, F.A., J.A. Sánchez, N. Maginot, J. de Dios, Martínez-Aquilar, M.E. Gonzalez de la Rosa, 1990. Edad, crecimiento y mortalidad de la Corvina pinta Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier) de Holbox, Quintana Roo, México. Secretaría de Pesca. Serie: Documentos de Trabajo. Año II. Núm. 21. 17 p.
* Divisió de Peixos de la Smithsonian Institution. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu Nacional d'Història Natural (en anglès). Smithsonian Institution, 2001.
* Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
* Breder, C. M.; Rosen, D. E. Modes of Reproduction in Fishes (en anglès). Museu Americà d'Història Natural, 1966.
* Eschmeyer, W. N. Catalog of Fishes (en anglès). Acadèmia de les Ciències de Califòrnia, 1998. ISBN 978-0-940228-47-4.
* FAO, 1992. FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings, volum 74. FAO Fish. Series 43. 677 p.
* Fitzsimons, J.M., J.S. Rogers i R.C. Cashner, 1985. Karyologic and electrophoretic studies of the genus Cynoscion (Sciaenidae, Perciformes) from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 31(4):444-448.
* Houde, E.D. i C.E. Zastrow, 1993. Ecosystem- and taxon-specific dynamic and energetics properties of fish larvae assemblages. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53(2):290-335.
* Ihde, T.F. i M.E. Chittenden, Jr., 2002. Comparison of calcified structures for aging spotted seatrout. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 131(4):634-642.
* LeGrande, W.H. i J.M. Fitzsimons, 1988. Chromosome numbers of some Gulf coast sciaenid fishes. Copeia 1988(2):491-493.
* Möller, H. i K. Anders, 1986. Diseases and parasites of marine fishes. Verlag Möller, Kiel. 365 p.
* Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
* Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. (20):183 p.
* Sanches, J.G., 1989. Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística). Publicaçoes avulsas do I.N.I.P. Núm. 14. 322 p.
* Taniguchi, A.K., 1979. Survival and growth of larval spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in relation to temperature, prey abundance and stocking densities. ICES ELH Symp. RA:1:1-14.
* Taniguchi, A.K., 1981. Survival and growth of larval spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in relation to temperature, prey abundance and stocking densities. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 178:507-508.
* Tucker, J.W. Jr. i B.E. Faulkner, 1987. Voluntary spawning patterns of captive spotted seatrout. NE Gulf. Sci. 9:59-63.
* Yáñes-Arancibia, A., A.L. Lara-Domínguez i J.W. Day, Jr., 1993. Interactions between mangrove and seagrass habitats mediated by estuarine nekton assemblages: coupling of primary and secondary production. Hydrobiologia 264:1-12.

## Enllaços externs

* AQUATAB