# Mictòfids

Els mictòfids (Myctophidae) o peixos llanterna són una família de peixos pertanyent a l'ordre dels mictofiformes.

## Morfologia

* Són peixos petits: entre 2-30 cm de longitud.
* La línia lateral és ininterrompuda.
* Les aletes són generalment petites.
* Nombre de vèrtebres: 28-45.
* Les espècies més properes a la superfície són d'un verd iridescent blau o plata, mentre que aquelles que viuen a més fondària són de color marró fosc a negre.

## Alimentació

Mengen copèpodes, eufausiacis, ous i peixos joves.

## Depredadors

Són depredats per una àmplia gamma de peixos i d'altres vertebrats marins: cetacis (balenes, dofins, etc.), grans peixos pelàgics (tonyines, taurons, etc.), aus marines (en especial, pingüins) i pinnípedes. També formen part de la dieta dels grans calamars, en especial de Dosidicus gigas.

## Hàbitat

Com a resultat de llurs migracions diürnes, es poden trobar des d'aigües superficials fins a fondàries superiors a 2.000 metres.

## Distribució geogràfica

S'estenen des de l'Àrtida fins a l'Antàrtida.

## Gèneres

* Benthosema (Goode & Bean, 1896)
** Benthosema fibulatum (Gilbert & Cramer, 1897)
** Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt, 1837)
** Benthosema panamense (Tåning, 1932)
** Benthosema pterotum (Alcock, 1890)
** Benthosema suborbitale (Gilbert, 1913)
* Bolinichthys (Paxton, 1972)
** Bolinichthys distofax (Johnson, 1975)
** Bolinichthys indicus (Nafpaktitis & Nafpaktitis, 1969)
** Bolinichthys longipes (Brauer, 1906)
** Bolinichthys nikolayi (Becker, 1978)
** Bolinichthys photothorax (Parr, 1928)
** Bolinichthys pyrsobolus (Alcock, 1890)
** Bolinichthys supralateralis (Parr, 1928)
* Centrobranchus (Fowler, 1904)
** Centrobranchus andreae (Lütken, 1892)
** Centrobranchus brevirostris (Becker, 1964)
** Centrobranchus choerocephalus (Fowler, 1904)
** Centrobranchus nigroocellatus (Günther, 1873)
* Ceratoscopelus (Günther, 1864)
** Peix llanterna banyut (Ceratoscopelus maderensis) (Lowe, 1839)
** Ceratoscopelus townsendi (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)
** Ceratoscopelus warmingii (Lütken, 1892)
* Diaphus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
* Diogenichthys (Bolin, 1939)
** Diogenichthys atlanticus (Tåning, 1928)
** Diogenichthys laternatus (Garman, 1899)
** Diogenichthys panurgus (Bolin, 1946)
* Electrona (Goode & Bean, 1896)
** Electrona antarctica (Günther, 1878)
** Electrona carlsbergi (Tåning, 1932)
** Electrona paucirastra (Bolin, 1962)
** Electrona risso (Cocco, 1829)
** Electrona subaspera (Günther, 1864)
* Gonichthys (Gistel, 1850)
** Gonichthys barnesi (Whitley, 1943)
** Gonichthys cocco (Cocco, 1829)
** Gonichthys tenuiculus (Garman, 1899)
** Gonichthys venetus (Becker, 1964)
* Gymnoscopelus (Günther, 1873)
** Gymnoscopelus bolini (Andriashev, 1962)
** Gymnoscopelus braueri (Lönnberg, 1905)
** Gymnoscopelus fraseri (Fraser-Brunner, 1931)
** Gymnoscopelus hintonoides (Hulley, 1981)
** Gymnoscopelus microlampas (Hulley, 1981)
** Gymnoscopelus nicholsi (Gilbert, 1911)
** Gymnoscopelus opisthopterus (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Gymnoscopelus piabilis (Whitley, 1931)
* Hintonia (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Hintonia candens (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
* Hygophum (Bolin, 1939)
** Hygophum atratum (Garman, 1899)
** Hygophum benoiti (Cocco, 1838)
** Hygophum bruuni (Wisner, 1971)
** Hygophum hanseni (Tåning, 1932)
** Hygophum hygomii (Lütken, 1892)
** Hygophum macrochir (Günther, 1864)
** Hygophum proximum (Becker, 1965)
** Hygophum reinhardtii (Lütken, 1892)
** Hygophum taaningi (Becker, 1965)
* Idiolychnus (Nafpaktitis & Paxton, 1978)
** Idiolychnus urolampus (Gilbert & Cramer, 1897)
* Krefftichthys (Hulley, 1981)
** Krefftichthys anderssoni (Lönnberg, 1905)
* Lampadena (Goode & Bean, 1893)
** Lampadena anomala (Parr, 1928)
** Lampadena chavesi (Collett, 1905)
** Lampadena dea (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Lampadena luminosa (Garman, 1899)
** Lampadena notialis (Nafpaktitis & Paxton, 1968)
** Lampadena pontifex (Krefft, 1970)
** Lampadena speculigera (Goode & Bean, 1896)
** Lampadena urophaos (Paxton, 1963)
** Lampadena yaquinae (Coleman & Nafpaktitis, 1972)
* Lampanyctodes (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Lampanyctodes hectoris (Günther, 1876)
* Lampanyctus (Bonaparte, 1840)
** Lampanyctus acanthurus (Wisner, 1974)
** Lampanyctus alatus (Goode & Bean, 1896)
** Lampanyctus australis (Tåning, 1932)
** Lampanyctus crocodilus (Risso, 1810)
** Lampanyctus festivus (Tåning, 1928)
** Lampanyctus hubbsi (Wisner, 1963)
** Lampanyctus intricarius (Tåning, 1928)
** Lampanyctus iselinoides (Bussing, 1965)
** Lampanyctus jordani (Gilbert, 1913)
** Lampanyctus lepidolychnus (Becker, 1967)
** Lampanyctus macdonaldi (Goode & Bean, 1896)
** Lampanyctus macropterus (Brauer, 1904)
** Lampanyctus nobilis (Tåning, 1928)
** Lampanyctus omostigma (Gilbert, 1908)
** Lampanyctus parvicauda (Parr, 1931)
** Lampanyctus photonotus (Parr, 1928)
** Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson, 1890)
** Lampanyctus simulator (Wisner, 1971)
** Lampanyctus steinbecki (Bolin, 1939)
** Lampanyctus tenuiformis (Brauer, 1906)
** Lampanyctus turneri (Fowler, 1934)
** Lampanyctus vadulus (Hulley, 1981)
* Lampichthys (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Lampichthys procerus (Brauer, 1904)
* Lepidophanes (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Lepidophanes gaussi (Brauer, 1906)
** Lepidophanes guentheri (Goode & Bean, 1896)
* Lobianchia (Gatti, 1904)
** Lobianchia dofleini (Zugmayer, 1911)
** Lobianchia gemellarii (Cocco, 1838)
* Loweina (Fowler, 1925)
** Loweina interrupta (Tåning, 1928)
** Loweina rara (Lütken, 1892)
** Loweina terminata (Becker, 1964)
* Metelectrona (Wisner, 1963)
** Metelectrona ahlstromi (Wisner, 1963)
** Metelectrona herwigi (Hulley, 1981)
** Metelectrona ventralis (Becker, 1963)
* Myctophum (Rafinesque, 1810)
** Myctophum affine (Lütken, 1892)
** Myctophum asperum (Richardson, 1845)
** Myctophum aurolaternatum (Garman, 1899)
** Myctophum brachygnathum (Bleeker, 1856)
** Myctophum fissunovi (Becker & Borodulina, 1971)
** Myctophum indicum (Day, 1877)
** Myctophum lunatum (Becker & Borodulina, 1978)
** Myctophum lychnobium (Bolin, 1946)
** Myctophum nitidulum (Garman, 1899)
** Myctophum obtusirostre (Tåning, 1928)
** Myctophum orientale (Gilbert, 1913)
** Myctophum ovcharovi (Tsarin, 1993)
** Myctophum phengodes (Lütken, 1892)
** Myctophum punctatum (Rafinesque, 1810)
** Myctophum selenops (Tåning, 1928)
** Myctophum spinosum (Steindachner, 1867)
* Nannobrachium (Günther, 1887)
** Nannobrachium achirus (Andriashev, 1962)
** Nannobrachium atrum (Tåning, 1928)
** Nannobrachium bristori (Zahuranec, 2000)
** Nannobrachium crypticum (Zahuranec, 2000)
** Nannobrachium cuprarium (Tåning, 1928)
** Nannobrachium fernae (Wisner, 1971)
** Nannobrachium gibbsi (Zahuranec, 2000)
** Nannobrachium hawaiiensis (Zahuranec, 2000)
** Nannobrachium idostigma (Parr, 1931)
** Nannobrachium indicum (Zahuranec, 2000)
** Nannobrachium isaacsi (Wisner, 1974)
** Nannobrachium lineatum (Tåning, 1928)
** Nannobrachium nigrum (Günther, 1887)
** Nannobrachium phyllisae (Zahuranec, 2000)
** Nannobrachium regale (Gilbert, 1892)
** Nannobrachium ritteri (Gilbert, 1915)
** Nannobrachium wisneri (Zahuranec, 2000)
* Notolychnus (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Notolychnus valdiviae (Brauer, 1904)
* Notoscopelus (Günther, 1864)
** Notoscopelus bolini (Nafpaktitis, 1975)
** Notoscopelus caudispinosus (Johnson, 1863)
** Notoscopelus elongatus (Costa, 1844)
** Notoscopelus japonicus (Tanaka, 1908)
** Notoscopelus kroyeri (Malm, 1861)
** Notoscopelus resplendens (Richardson, 1845)
* Parvilux (Hubbs & Wisner, 1964)
** Parvilux boschmai (Hubbs & Wisner, 1964)
** Parvilux ingens (Hubbs & Wisner, 1964)
* Protomyctophum (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Protomyctophum andriashevi (Becker, 1963)
** Protomyctophum arcticum (Lütken, 1892)
** Protomyctophum beckeri (Wisner, 1971)
** Protomyctophum bolini (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Protomyctophum chilense (Wisner, 1971)
** Protomyctophum choriodon (Hulley, 1981)
** Protomyctophum crockeri (Bolin, 1939)
** Protomyctophum gemmatum (Hulley, 1981)
** Protomyctophum luciferum (Hulley, 1981)
** Protomyctophum normani (Tåning, 1932)
** Protomyctophum parallelum (Lönnberg, 1905)
** Protomyctophum subparallelum (Tåning, 1932)
** Protomyctophum tenisoni (Norman, 1930)
** Protomyctophum thompsoni (Chapman, 1944)
* Scopelopsis (Brauer, 1906)
** Scopelopsis multipunctatus (Brauer, 1906)
* Stenobrachius (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
** Stenobrachius leucopsarus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
** Stenobrachius nannochir (Gilbert, 1890)
* Symbolophorus (Bolin & Wisner, 1959)
** Symbolophorus barnardi (Tåning, 1932)
** Symbolophorus boops (Richardson, 1845)
** Symbolophorus californiensis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)
** Symbolophorus evermanni (Gilbert, 1905)
** Symbolophorus kreffti (Hulley, 1981)
** Symbolophorus reversus (Gago & Ricord, 2005)
** Symbolophorus rufinus (Tåning, 1928)
** Symbolophorus veranyi (Moreau, 1888)
* Taaningichthys (Bolin, 1959)
** Taaningichthys bathyphilus (Tåning, 1928)
** Taaningichthys minimus (Tåning, 1928)
** Taaningichthys paurolychnus (Davy, 1972)
* Tarletonbeania (Eigenmann & Eigenman, 1890)
** Tarletonbeania crenularis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
** Tarletonbeania taylori (Mead, 1953)
** Tarletonbeania tenua (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
* Triphoturus (Fraser-Brunner, 1949)
** Triphoturus mexicanus (Gilbert, 1890)
** Triphoturus microchir (Gilbert, 1913)
** Triphoturus nigrescens (Brauer, 1904)
** Triphoturus oculeum (Garman, 1899)

## Referències

* ↑ Berg, L.S., 1958. System der rezenten und fossilen Fischartigen und Fische. VEB Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlín.
* ↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
* 1 2 ZipCodeZoo (anglès)
* ↑ FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ L'Antàrtida: un continent únic Arxivat 2010-09-29 a Wayback Machine. (català)
* 1 2 3 Tree of Life (anglès)
* ↑ Goode, G. B. & T. H. Bean, 1896. Oceanic ichthyology, a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures. Spec. Bull. U. S. Natl. Museum Núm. 2: Text: i-xxxv + 1-26 + 1-553, Atlas: i-xxiii, 1-26, 123 pls.
* ↑ Gilbert, C. H. & Cramer, F., 1897. Report on the fishes dredged in deep water near the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions and figures of twenty-three new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 19 (núm. 1114): 403-435, Pls. 36-48.
* ↑ Reinhardt, J. C. H., 1837. Ichthyologiske bidrag til den Grönlandske fauna (Contribucions ictiològiques a la fauna de Groenlàndia). Indledning, indeholdende tillaeg og forandringer i den fabriciske fortegnelse paa Grönlandske hvirveldyr. Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs naturvidenskabelige og mathematiske afhandlinger v. 7: 83-196, Pls. 1-8.
* ↑ Tåning, A. V., 1932. Notes on scopelids from the Dana Expeditions. I. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn. v. 94: 125-146.
* ↑ Alcock, A. W., 1890. Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer "Investigator," Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding.--Núm. 16. On the bathybial fishes collected in the Bay of Bengal during the season 1889-1890. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 6 (núm. 33): 197-222, Pls. 8-9.
* ↑ Gilbert, C. H., 1913. The lantern-fishes of Japan. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (núm. 2): 67-107, Pls. 11-14.
* ↑ Paxton, J. R., 1972. Osteology and relationships of the lanternfishes (family Myctophidae). Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Ang. Cty. Sci. Bull. Núm. 13: 1-81.
* ↑ Fowler H. W., 1904. Description of a new lantern fish. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 55 (for 1903). 754-755.
* 1 2 Günther A., 1864. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Siluridae, Characinidae]', Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidae in the collection of the British Museum. Cat. Fishes v. 5. i-xxii + 1-455.
* ↑ Eigenmann C. H. & Eigenmann R. S., 1890. Additions to the fauna of San Diego. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 2) v. 3. 1-24.
* 1 2 Bolin R. L., 1939. A review of the myctophid fishes of the Pacific coast of the United States and of Lower California. Stanford Ichthyol. Bull. v. 1 (núm. 4). 89-156.
* ↑ Tåning, A. V., 1928. Synopsis of the scopelids in the North Atlantic. Preliminary review. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Foren v. 86: 49-69.
* ↑ Goode G. B. & Bean T. H., 1896. Oceanic Ichthyology, a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures. Spec. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. Núm. 2. Text: i-xxxv + 1-26 + 1-553.
* ↑ Gistel, J., 1850. Isis (Múnic) v. 5: 71.
* ↑ Günther A., 1873. Zweiter ichthyologischer Beitrag nach Exemplaren aus dem Museum Godeffroy. J. Mus. Godeffroy 1873, heft 4. 89-92.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fraser-Brunner A., 1949. A classification of the fishes of the family Myctophidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. v. 118 (pt 4). 1019-1106.
* ↑ Nafpaktitis, B. G. & J. R. Paxton, 1978. Idiolychnus]', a new genus of Myctophidae based on Diaphus urolampus’'. Copeia 1978 (núm. 3): 492-497.
* ↑ Hulley P. A., 1981. Results of the research cruises of FRV "Walther Herwig" to South America. LVIII. Family Myctophidae (Osteichthyes, Myctophiformes). Arch. Fischwiss. v. 31 (Beih. 1). 1-303.
* ↑ Gill T. N., 1893. A comparison of antipodal faunas. Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. Wash. v. 6 (mem. 5). 91-124.
* ↑ Bonaparte C. L., 1840. Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati. Tomo III. Pesci. Roma. Iconografia, v. 3. Fasc. 27-29, puntata 136-154.
* ↑ Gatti M. A., 1904. Ricerche sugli organi luminosi dei pesci. Ann. Agric. Roma Núm. 233 (1903). 7-126.
* ↑ Zugmayer, E., 1911. Diagnoses de poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht "Princesse-Alice" (1901 à 1910). Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique (Mònaco) Núm. 193: 1-14.
* ↑ Cocco, A., 1838. Su di alcuni salmonidi del mare di Messina. Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria. Bologna Anno 1 Tomo 2 (fasc. 9): 161-194, Pls. 5-8.
* ↑ Fowler H. W., 1925. New taxonomic names of West African marine fishes. Am. Mus. Novit. Núm. 162. 1-5.
* 1 2 Wisner R. L., 1963. A new genus and species of myctophid fish from the south-central Pacific Ocean, with notes on related genera and the designation of a new tribe, Electronini. Copeia 1963 (núm. 1). 24-28.
* ↑ Hulley, P. A., 1981. Results of the research cruises of FRV "Walther Herwig" to South America. LVIII. Family Myctophidae (Osteichthyes, Myctophiformes). Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft v. 31 (Beih. 1): 1-303.
* ↑ Becker, V. E., 1963. New data on the Lantern fish genera Electrona and Protomyctophum (Pisces, Myctophidae) of the Southern Hemisphere. Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 3 (núm. 1): 15-28.
* ↑ Rafinesque C. S., 1810. Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci sicilian. Messina. Indice Ittiol. Sicil. . 1-70.
* ↑ Günther A., 1887. Report on the deep-sea fishes collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Rep. Sci. Res. Voy. H.M.S. Challenger v. 22 (pt 57). i-lxv + 1-268.
* ↑ Hubbs C. L. & Wisner R. L., 1964. Parvilux, a new genus of myctophid fishes from the northeastern Pacific, with two new species. Zool. Meded. (Leiden) v. 39. 445-463.
* ↑ Brauer A., 1906. Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: C. Chun. Wissenschaftl. Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia," 1898-1899. Jena. Tiefsee-Fische v. 15. 1-432.
* 1 2 Eigenmann C. H. & Eigenmann R. S., 1890. Additions to the fauna of San Diego. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 2) v. 3. 1-24.
* 1 2 Bolin R. L., 1959. Iniomi. Myctophidae from the "Michael Sars" North Atlantic deep-sea expedition 1910. Scient. Results M. Sars N. Atlant. Deep-Sea Exped., 1910 v. 4 (pt 2) (núm. 7). 1-45.
* ↑ Fraser-Brunner, A., 1949. A classification of the fishes of the family Myctophidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. v. 118 (pt 4): 1019-1106, Pl. 1.
* ↑ «List of Nominal Species of Myctophidae (Lanternfishes)» (en anglès). FishBase.