# Scorpaena

Scorpaena és un gènere de peixos pertanyent a la família dels escorpènids.

## Descripció

* Cap voluminós, molt ossut, amb nombroses espines i, normalment, amb una depressió darrere de l'ull.
* Escates del cos llises o aspres.
* Aletes pectorals amb 15-16 radis.
* La part superior de la boca presenta dents als costats però no al davant.
* Posseeixen glàndules verinoses a les aletes pectorals i ventrals.

## Distribució geogràfica

Es troba als oceans i mars de clima tropical i temperat.

## Taxonomia

* Scorpaena afuerae (Hildebrand, 1946)
* Scorpaena agassizii (Goode & Bean, 1896)
* Scorpaena albifimbria (Evermann & Marsh, 1900)
* Scorpaena angolensis (Norman, 1935)
* Scorpaena annobonae (Eschmeyer, 1969)
* Scorpaena ascensionis (Eschmeyer, 1971)
* Scorpaena azorica (Eschmeyer, 1969)
* Scorpaena bergii (Evermann & Marsh, 1900)
* Scorpaena brachyptera (Eschmeyer, 1965)
* Scorpaena brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1829)
* Scorpaena brevispina (Motomura & Senou, 2008)
* Scorpaena bulacephala (Motomura, Last & Yearsley, 2005)
* Scorpaena calcarata (Goode & Bean, 1882)
* Scorpaena canariensis (Sauvage, 1878)
* Scorpaena cardinalis (Solander & Richardson, 1842)
* Scorpaena cocosensis (Motomura, 2004)
* Scorpaena colorata (Gilbert, 1905)
* Scorpaena cookii (Günther, 1874)
* Scorpaena dispar (Longley & Hildebrand, 1940)
* Scorpaena elachys (Eschmeyer, 1965)
* Scorpaena elongata (Cadenat, 1943)
* Scorpaena fernandeziana (Steindachner, 1875)
* Scorpaena gasta (Motomura, Last & Yearsley, 2006)
* Scorpaena gibbifrons (Fowler, 1938)
* Scorpaena grandicornis (Cuvier, 1829)
* Scorpaena grandisquamis (Ogilby, 1910)
* Scorpaena grattanica (Trunov, 2006)
* Scorpaena guttata (Girard, 1854)
* Scorpaena hatizyoensis (Matsubara, 1943)
* Scorpaena hemilepidota (Fowler, 1938)
* Scorpaena histrio (Jenyns, 1840)
* Scorpaena inermis (Cuvier, 1829)
* Scorpaena isthmensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1928)
* Scorpaena izensis (Jordan & Starks, 1904)
* Scorpaena lacrimata (Randall & Greenfield, 2004)
* Scorpaena laevis (Troschel, 1866)
* Escórpora de Loppe (Scorpaena loppei) (Cadenat, 1943)
* Escórpora de penyal (Scorpaena maderensis) (Valenciennes, 1833)
* Scorpaena melasma (Eschmeyer, 1965)
* Scorpaena mellissii (Günther, 1868)
* Scorpaena miostoma (Günther, 1877)
* Scorpaena moultoni (Whitley, 1961)
* Scorpaena mystes (Jordan & Starks, 1895)
* Scorpaena neglecta (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
* Scorpaena normani (Cadenat, 1943)
* Captinyós (Scorpaena notata) (Rafinesque, 1810)
* Scorpaena onaria (Jordan & Snyder, 1900)
* Scorpaena orgila (Eschmeyer & Allen, 1971)
* Scorpaena papillosa (Schneider & Forster, 1801)
* Scorpaena pascuensis (Eschmeyer & Allen, 1971)
* Scorpaena pele (Eschmeyer & Randall, 1975)
* Scorpaena pepo (Motomura, Poss & Shao, 2007)
* Scorpaena petricola (Eschmeyer, 1965)
* Scorpaena plumieri (Bloch, 1789)
* Escórpora fosca (Scorpaena porcus) (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Scorpaena russula (Jordan & Bollman, 1890)
* Cap-roig (Scorpaena scrofa) (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Scorpaena sonorae (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)
* Escórpora africana (Scorpaena stephanica) (Cadenat, 1943)
* Scorpaena sumptuosa (Castelnau, 1875)
* Scorpaena thomsoni (Günther, 1880)
* Scorpaena tierrae (Hildebrand, 1946)
* Scorpaena uncinata (de Buen, 1961)

## Referències

* ↑ Sepkoski, Jack, 2002. "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: p. 560.
* ↑ Berg, L.S., 1958. System der rezenten und fossilen Fischartigen und Fische. VEB Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlín.
* ↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
* ↑ Marine Species Identification Portal (anglès)
* 1 2 Hildebrand, S. F., 1946. A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. Núm. 189: i-xi + 1-530.
* ↑ Goode, G. B. & T. H. Bean, 1896. Oceanic ichthyology, a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures. Spec. Bull. U. S. Natl. Museum Núm. 2: Text: i-xxxv + 1-26 + 1-553, Atlas: i-xxiii, 1-26, 123 pls.
* 1 2 Evermann, B. W. & M. C. Marsh, 1900. The fishes of Porto Rico. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. v. 20 (pt 1) (for 1900): 49-350, Pls. 1-49.
* ↑ Norman, J. R., 1935. Coast fishes. Part I. The South Atlantic. Discovery Rep. v. 12: 1-58.
* 1 2 Eschmeyer, W. N., 1969. A systematic review of the scorpionfishes of the Atlantic Ocean (Pisces: Scorpaenidae). Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. Núm. 79: i-iv + 1-143.
* ↑ Eschmeyer, W. N., 1971. Two new Atlantic scorpionfishes. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) v. 37 (núm. 17): 501-508.
* 1 2 3 4 Eschmeyer, W. N., 1965. Western Atlantic scorpionfishes of the genus Scorpaena, including four new species. Bull. Mar. Sci. v. 15 (núm. 1): 84-164.
* 1 2 3 Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes, 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome quatrième. Livre quatrième. Des acanthoptérygiens à joue cuirassée. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 4: i-xxvi + 2 pp. + 1-518, Pls. 72-99, 97 bis.
* ↑ Motomura, H. & Senou, H., 2008. A new species of the scorpionfish genus Scorpaena (Scorpaenidae) from Izu Peninsula, Pacific coast of Japan. Journal of Fish Biology, 72 (7): 1761–1772.
* ↑ Motomura, H., P. R. Last & G. K. Yearsley, 2005. Scorpaena bulacephala, a new species of scorpionfish (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) from the northern Tasman Sea. Zootaxa Núm. 1043: 17-32.
* ↑ Goode, G. B. & T. H. Bean, 1882. Descriptions of twenty-five new species of fish from the southern United States, and three new genera, Letharcus, Ioglossus, and Chriodorus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (núm. 297): 412-437.
* ↑ Sauvage, H. E., 1878. Description de poissons nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus de la collection du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Famille des Scorpénidées, des Platycéphalidées et des Triglidées. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (Ser. 2) v. 1: 109-158, Pls. 1-2.
* ↑ Richardson, J., 1842. Contributions to the ichthyology of Australia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (N. S.) v. 9 (núm. 57): 207-218.
* ↑ Motomura, H., 2004. New species of scorpionfish, Scorpaena cocosensis (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) from the Cocos Islands, Costa Rica, eastern Pacific Ocean. Copeia 2004 (núm. 4): 818-824.
* ↑ Gilbert, C. H., 1905. II. The deep-sea fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. A: The aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. v. 23 (pt 2) (for 1903): 577-713, Pls. 66-101.
* ↑ Günther, A., 1874. Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee. Band I, Heft. III. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Band II, Heft VII. F. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg. Fische Südsee: 58-96, Pls. 40-60.
* ↑ Longley, W. H. & S. F. Hildebrand, 1940. New genera and species of fishes from Tortugas, Florida. Pap. Tortugas Lab. Carnegie Instn. Wash. v. 32: 223-285, Pl. 1.
* 1 2 Cadenat, J., 1943. Les Scorpaenidae de l'Atlantique et de la Méditerranée. Première note. Le genre Scorpaena. Rev. Trav. Inst. Pêches Marit. v. 13 (núms. 1-4): 525-563.
* ↑ Steindachner, F., 1875. Ichthyologische Beiträge (II). I. Die Fische von Juan Fernandez in den Sammlungen des Wiener Museums. II. Über einige neue Fischarten von der Ost- und Westküste Süd-Amerikas. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien v. 71 (1. Abth.): 443-480, Pl. 1.
* ↑ Motomura, H., P. R. Last & G. K. Yearsley, 2006. New species of shallow water scorpionfish (Scorpaenidae: Scorpaena) from the central coast of Western Australia. Copeia 2006 (núm. 3): 360-369.
* 1 2 Fowler, H. W., 1938. Descriptions of new fishes obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross", chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 85 (núm. 3032): 31-135.
* ↑ Ogilby, J. D., 1910. On some new fishes from the Queensland coast. Endeavour Series, I. New Fish. Queensland: 85-139.
* ↑ Trunov, I. A., 2006. Ichthyofauna of seamounts around the island of Ascension and St. Helena Island (Atlantic Ocean). Voprosy Ikhtiol. v. 46 (núm. 4): 471-477.
* ↑ Girard, C. F., 1854. Observations upon a collection of fishes made on the Pacific coast of the United States, by Lieut. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., for the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 7: 142-156.
* ↑ Matsubara, K., 1943. Studies on the scorpaenoid fishes of Japan (II). Trans. Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo Núm. 2: 171-486, Pls. 1-4.
* ↑ Jenyns, L., 1840-1842. Fish. A: The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R. N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Londres: Smith, Elder, and Co. Issued in 4 parts. Fish, Voyage Beagle: i-xvi + 1-172, Pls. 1-29.
* ↑ Meek, S. E. & S. F. Hildebrand, 1928. The marine fishes of Panama. Part III. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser. v. 15 (publ. 249): xxv-xxxi + 709-1045, Pls. 72-102.
* ↑ Jordan, D. S. & E. C. Starks, 1904. A review of the scorpaenoid fishes of Japan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 27 (núm. 1351): 91-175, Pls. 1-2.
* ↑ Randall, J. E. & D. W. Greenfield, 2004. Two new scorpionfishes (Scorpaenidae) from the South Pacific. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. v. 55 (núm. 19): 384-394.
* ↑ Troschel, F. H., 1866. Ein Beitrag zur ichthyologischen Fauna der Inseln des Grünen Vorgebirges. Arch. Naturgeschichte v. 32 (núm. 1): 190-239, Pl. 5.
* 1 2 Cadenat, J., 1943. Les Scorpaenidae de l'Atlantique et de la Méditerranée. Première note. Le genre Scorpaena. Rev. Trav. Inst. Pêches Marit. v. 13 (núms. 1-4): 525-563.
* ↑ Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes, 1833. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome neuvième. Suite du livre neuvième. Des Scombéroïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 9: i-xxix + 3 pp. + 1-512, Pls. 246-279.
* ↑ Günther, A., 1868. Report on a collection of fishes made at St. Helena by J. C. Melliss, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1868 (pt 2): 225-228, Pls. 18-19.
* ↑ Günther, A., 1877. Preliminary notes on new fishes collected in Japan during the expedition of H. M. S. 'Challenger.'. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 4) v. 20 (núm. 119): 433-446.
* ↑ Jordan, D. S., 1895. The fishes of Sinaloa. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 2) v. 5: 377-514, Pls. 26-55.
* ↑ Temminck, C. J. & H. Schlegel, 1843. Pisces, Fauna Japonica Parts 2-4: 21-72.
* ↑ Rafinesque, C. S., 1810. Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. (Part 1 involves fishes, pp. [i-iv] 3-69 (70 blank), Part 2 with slightly different title, pp. ia-iva + 71-105 (106 blank)). Caratteri. Pls. 1-20.
* ↑ Jordan, D. S. & J. O. Snyder, 1900. A list of fishes collected in Japan by Keinosuke Otaki, and by the United States steamer Albatross, with descriptions of fourteen new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (núm. 1213): 335-380, Pls. 9-20.
* 1 2 Eschmeyer, W. N. & G. R. Allen, 1971. Three new species of scorpionfishes (family Scorpaenidae) from Easter Island. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) v. 37 (núm. 19): 515-527.
* ↑ Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider, 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. Systema Ichthyol.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
* ↑ Eschmeyer, W. N. & J. E. Randall, 1975. The scorpaenid fishes of the Hawaiian Islands, including new species and new records (Pisces: Scorpaenidae). Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) v. 40 (núm. 11): 265-334.
* ↑ Motomura, H., Poss, S.G. & Shao, K.T., 2007. Scorpaena pepo, a New Species of Scorpionfish (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) from Northeastern Taiwan, with a Review of Scorpaena onaria Jordan and Snyder. Zoological Studies, 46 (1): 35-45.
* ↑ Bloch, M. E., 1789. Tvä utlaendska fiskar. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl., Stockholm v. 10: 234-236.
* 1 2 Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. - pp. (1-4), 1-824. Holmiæ. (Salvius).
* ↑ Jordan, D. S. & C. H. Bollman, 1890. Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-1888. A: Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 12 (núm. 770): 149-183.
* ↑ Jenkins, O. P. & B. W. Evermann, 1889. Description of eighteen new species of fishes from the Gulf of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (núm. 698): 137-158.
* ↑ Castelnau, F. L., 1875. Researches on the fishes of Australia. Philadelphia Centennial Expedition of 1876. Intercolonial Exhibition Essays, 1875-6. Research. Fish. Australia Núm. 2: 1-52.
* ↑ Günther, A., 1880. Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876. A: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Zoology. Rept. Challenger Shore Fishes v. 1 (pt 6): 1-82, Pls. 1-32.
* ↑ de Buen, F., 1961. Peces Chilenos. Familias Alepocephalidae, Muraenidae, Sciaenidae, Scorpaenidae, 'Liparidae y Bothidae. Rev. Biol. Mar. Montemar Núm. 1: 1-52.
* ↑ BioLib (anglès)
* ↑ AQUATAB
* ↑ Catalogue of Life Arxivat 2016-03-04 a Wayback Machine. (anglès)
* ↑ World Register of Marine Species (anglès)

## Bibliografia

* Fritzsche, R.A., 1982. Osteichthyes. A: Parker, S.P., Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms, vol. 2. McGraw-Hill, Nova York: 858-944.

## Enllaços externs

* CalPhotos (anglès)