# Heteropneustes fossilis

Heteropneustes fossilis és una espècie de peix de la família Heteropneustidae i de l'ordre dels siluriformes.

## Morfologia

* Els mascles poden assolir 30 cm de longitud total.

## Reproducció

És ovípar.

## Alimentació

És omnívor.

## Hàbitat

És un peix demersal i de clima tropical (21 °C-25 °C).

## Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Àsia: des del Pakistan i Sri Lanka fins a Myanmar.

## Ús comercial

Té una gran demanda a causa del seu valor medicinal.

## Referències

* ↑ «Heteropneustes fossilis». Catalogue of Life. (anglès) (anglès)
* 1 2 3 4 5 FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ Pethiyagoda, R., 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p.
* ↑ Breder, C.M. i D.E. Rosen, 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City (Estats Units). 941 p.
* ↑ Baensch, H.A. i R. Riehl, 1985. Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Alemanya. 1216 p.
* ↑ Ahmed, M., 1991. A model to determine benefits obtainable from the management of riverine fisheries of Bangladesh. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 28, 133 p.
* ↑ Al-Mamun, A., 2003. A hand guide for identification of inland fishes of Bangladesh. WorldFish Centre-Bangladesh.
* ↑ Archarya, P. i M.B. Iftekhar, 2000. Freshwater ichthyofauna of Maharashtra State. p.136-144. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1, 347 p.
* ↑ Arunachalam, M., J.A. Johnson i A. Manimekalan, 2000. Cultivable and ornamental fishes in rivers of Wynard district, Kerala. p. 240-243. A: A.G. Ponniah i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1,347 p.
* ↑ Chandrashekhariah, H.N., M.F. Rahman i S. Lakshmi Raghavan, 2000. Status of fish fauna in Karnataka. p. 98-135. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1, 347 p.
* ↑ Dahanukar, N., R. Raut i A. Bhat, 2004. Distribution, endemism and threat status of freshwater fishes in the Western Ghats of India. J. Biogeogr 31: 123-136.
* ↑ De Graaf, G., 2003. The flood pulse and growth of floodplain fish in Bangladesh. Fish. Manage. Ecol. 10:241-247.
* ↑ Haniffa, M.A., 2000. Induced breeding of tropical air breathing fishes with natural and synthetic hormones. p. 295-298. A: A.G. Ponniah i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1,347 p.
* ↑ Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, Índia.775 p.
* ↑ Menon, A.G.K., 1999 Check list - fresh water fishes of India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Publ., Occas. Pap. Núm. 175, 366 p.
* ↑ Mirza, M.R., 2002. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
* ↑ Mirza, M.R., 2003. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. (3): 1-30.
* ↑ Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
* ↑ Mustafa, M.G. i G. de Graaf, 2008. Population parameters of important species in inland fisheries of Bangladesh. Asian Fish. Sci. 21:147-158.
* ↑ Nath, P. i S.C. Dey, 1989. Fish and fisheries of North East India. Arunachal Pradesh Vol. 1, 1-143p.
* ↑ Rahman, A.K.A., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p.
* ↑ Rainboth, W.J., 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Roma, 265 p.
* ↑ Shrestha, J., 1994. Fishes, fishing implements and methods of Nepal. Smt. M.D. Gupta, Lalitpur Colony, Lashkar (Gwalior), Índia. 150 p.
* ↑ Taki, Y., 1974. Fishes of the Lao Mekong Basin. United States Agency for International Development Mission to Laos Agriculture Division. 231 p.

## Bibliografia

* Alok, D., T. Krishnan, G.P. Talwar i L.C. Garg, 1998. Multiple induced spawnings of the Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) within a prolonged spawning season. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 29(2):252-258.
* Divisió de Peixos de l'Smithsonian Institution. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu Nacional d'Història Natural (en anglès). Smithsonian Institution, 2001.
* Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu Americà d'Història Natural. Museu Americà d'Història Natural, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192 (Estats Units).
* Arthur, J.R. i A.B.A. Ahmed, 2002. Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p.
* Burgess, W. E. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes (en anglès). T.F.H. Publications, Inc., 1989. ISBN 9780866228916.
* Diogo, R., M. Chardon i P. Vandewalle, 2003: On the osteology and myology of the cephalic region and pectoral girdle of Heteropneustes fossilis (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), with commens on the phylogenetic relationships between Heteropneustes and the clariid catfishes. Animal Biology. v. 53 (núm. 4): 379-396.
* Erfanullah i A.K. Jafri, 1999. Growth, feed conversion, body composition and nutrient retention efficiencies in fingerling catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), fed different sources of dietary carbohydrate. Aquacult. Res. 30:43-49.
* Eschmeyer, W. N. Genera of Recent Fishes (en anglès). iii + 697. Acadèmia de les Ciències de Califòrnia, 1990. ISBN 0-940228-23-8.
* Eschmeyer, W. N. Catalog of Fishes (en anglès). Acadèmia de les Ciències de Califòrnia, 1998. ISBN 978-0-940228-47-4.
* Ferraris, C. J. «Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types» (en anglès). Zootaxa, 1.418, 1, 2007, pàg. 1-628. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1.
* Helfman, G. S.; Collette, B. B.; Facey, D. E. The Diversity of Fishes (en anglès). Blackwell Science, 1997. ISBN 9780865422568.
* Hora, S. L., 1936: Siluroid fishes of India, Burma and Ceylon. II. Fishes of the genus Akysis Bleeker. III. Fishes of the genus Olyra McClelland. IV. On the use of the generic name Wallago Bleeker. V. Fishes of the genus Heteropneustes Müller. Records of the Indian Museum (Calcuta) v. 38 (pt 2): 199-209.
* Hughes, G.M., B.R. Singh, G. Guha, S.C. Dube i J.S.D. Munshi, 1973. Respiratory surface area of an air-breathing siluroid fish Saccobranchus (= Heteropneustes) fossilis in relation to body size. J. Zool. Lond.
* Moyle, P.; Cech, J. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (en anglès). 4a edició. Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN 9780130112828.
* Nelson, J. S. Fishes of the World (en anglès). 4a edició. Wiley, 2006. ISBN 978-0471250319.
* Pandey, B.N., 1978. Seasonal variations in oxygen consumption of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Z. Tierphysiol. Tierer. Futtermittelkunde 40:165-170.
* Prasad, R. i G.K. Manna, 1974. Somatic and germinal chromosomes of live-fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) Caryologia. 27(2):217-223.
* Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p.
* Saxena, D.B., 1958. Extent of the gill surface in the teleost Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and Clarias batrachus L. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 28:258-263.
* Sheel, M. i B.R. Singh, 1981. O2 uptake through water during early life of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Hydrobiologia 78:81-86.
* Singh Kohli, M.P. i U.C. Goswami, 1989. Studies on age and growth of an air-breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J. Inland Fish. Soc. India 21(2):17-24.
* Tripathi, N.K. i O.P. Sharma, 1986. Karyotypic study on an air-breathing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Heteropneustidae: Siluriformes) C.I.S.. 40:14-16.
* Vasil'ev, V.P., 1980. Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38.
* Vasudenav, P., S.G.A. Rao i S.R.V. Rao, 1973. Somatic and meiotic chromosomes of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Curr. Sci.. 42(12):427-428. India.
* Verma, G.K., 1960. Studies on the structure and behaviour of chromosomes of certain teleostean fishes. I. Chromosomes of Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias magur. Nat. Acad. Sci., India. 2:88-91.
* Weliange, W.S. i U.S. Amarasinghe, 2007. Relationship between body shape and food habits of fish from three reservoirs of Sri Lanka. Asian Fish. Sci. 20: 257-270.
* Wheeler, A., 1977. Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p.
* Wheeler, A. The World Encyclopedia of Fishes (en anglès). 2a edició. Macdonald, 1985. ISBN 978-0356107158.

## Enllaços externs

* AQUATAB