# Pèrcids

Els pèrcids (Percidae) constitueixen una família de peixos actinopterigis de l'ordre dels perciformes.

## Morfologia

* Tenen dues aletes dorsals, l'anterior de les quals té 9 radis espinosos.
* Els flancs són argentats.
* La bufeta natatòria no es troba comunicada amb el budell.
* Entre 32-50 vèrtebres segons l'espècie.
* Longitud màxima de 90 cm.

## Hàbitat

Viuen en aigües dolces i salades.

## Distribució geogràfica

Es troben a l'hemisferi nord.

## Gèneres i espècies

* Gènere Ammocrypta (Jordan, 1877)
** Ammocrypta beanii (Jordan, 1877)
** Ammocrypta bifascia (Williams, 1975)
** Ammocrypta clara (Jordan & Meek, 1885)
** Ammocrypta meridiana (Williams, 1975)
** Ammocrypta pellucida (Agassiz, 1863)
** Ammocrypta vivax (Hay, 1882)
* Gènere Crystallaria
** Crystallaria asprella (Jordan, 1878)
** Crystallaria cincotta (Welsh & Wood, 2008)
* Gènere Etheostoma
** Etheostoma acuticeps (Bailey, 1959)
** Etheostoma aquali (Williams & Etnier, 1978)
** Etheostoma artesiae (Hay, 1881)
** Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes, 1878)
** Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan, 1877)
** Etheostoma australe (Jordan, 1889)
** Etheostoma baileyi (Page & Burr, 1982)
** Etheostoma barbouri (Kuehne & Small, 1971)
** Etheostoma barrenense (Burr & Page, 1982)
** Etheostoma basilare (Page, Hardman & Near, 2003)
** Etheostoma bellator (Suttkus & Bailey, 1993)
** Etheostoma bellum (Zorach, 1968)
** Etheostoma bison (Ceas & Page, 1997)
** Etheostoma blennioides (Rafinesque, 1819)
** Etheostoma blennius (Gilbert & Swain, 1887)
** Etheostoma boschungi (Wall & Williams, 1974)
** Etheostoma brevirostrum (Suttkus & Etnier, 1991)
** Etheostoma burri (Ceas & Page, 1997)
** Etheostoma caeruleum (Storer, 1845)
** Etheostoma camurum (Cope, 1870)
** Etheostoma cervus (Powers & Mayden, 2003)
** Etheostoma chermocki (Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri, 1992)
** Etheostoma chienense (Page & Ceas, 1992)
** Etheostoma chlorobranchium (Zorach, 1972)
** Etheostoma chlorosoma (Hay, 1881)
** Etheostoma chuckwachatte (Mayden & Wood, 1993)
** Etheostoma cinereum (Storer, 1845)
** Etheostoma collettei (Birdsong & Knapp, 1969)
** Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935)
** Etheostoma colorosum (Suttkus & Bailey, 1993)
** Etheostoma coosae (Fowler, 1945)
** Etheostoma corona (Page & Ceas, 1992)
** Etheostoma cragini (Gilbert, 1885)
** Etheostoma crossopterum (Braasch & Mayden, 1985)
** Etheostoma davisoni (Hay, 1885)
** Etheostoma denoncourti (Stauffer & van Snik, 1997)
** Etheostoma derivativum (Page, Hardman & Near, 2003)
** Etheostoma ditrema (Ramsey & Suttkus, 1965)
** Etheostoma douglasi (Wood & Mayden, 1993)
** Etheostoma duryi (Henshall, 1889)
** Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935)
** Etheostoma etnieri (Bouchard, 1977)
** Etheostoma etowahae (Wood & Mayden, 1993)
** Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black, 1940)
** Etheostoma exile (Girard, 1859)
** Etheostoma flabellare (Rafinesque, 1819)
** Etheostoma flavum (Etnier & Bailey, 1989).
** Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert, 1886)
** Etheostoma forbesi (Page & Ceas, 1992)
** Etheostoma fragi (Distler, 1968)
** Etheostoma fricksium (Hildebrand, 1923)
** Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard, 1854)
** Etheostoma gracile (Girard, 1859)
** Etheostoma grahami (Girard, 1859)
** Etheostoma gutselli (Hildebrand, 1932)
** Etheostoma histrio (Jordan & Gilbert, 1887)
** Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler, 1945)
** Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton, 1878)
** Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton, 1878)
** Etheostoma jordani (Gilbert, 1891)
** Etheostoma juliae (Meek, 1891)
** Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney, 1941)
** Etheostoma kantuckeense (Ceas & Page, 1997)
** Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam, 1863)
** Etheostoma lachneri (Suttkus & Bailey, 1994)
** Etheostoma lawrencei (Ceas & Burr, 2002)
** Etheostoma lepidum (Baird i Girard, 1853)
** Etheostoma longimanum (Jordan, 1888).
** Etheostoma lugoi (Norris & Minckley, 1997)
** Etheostoma luteovinctum (Gilbert & Swain, 1887)
** Etheostoma lynceum (Hay, 1885)
** Etheostoma maculatum (Kirtland, 1841)
** Etheostoma mariae (Fowler, 1947)
** Etheostoma microlepidum (Raney & Zorach, 1967)
** Etheostoma microperca (Jordan & Gilbert, 1888)
** Etheostoma moorei (Raney & Suttkus, 1964)
** Etheostoma neopterum (Howell & Dingerkus, 1978)
** Etheostoma nianguae (Gilbert i Meek, 1887)
** Etheostoma nigripinne (Braasch & Mayden, 1985).
** Etheostoma nigrum (Rafinesque, 1820)
** Etheostoma nuchale (Howell & Caldwell, 1965)
** Etheostoma obeyense (Kirsch, 1892)
** Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler, 1941)
** Etheostoma olivaceum (Braasch & Page, 1979)
** Etheostoma olmstedi (Storer, 1842)
** Etheostoma oophylax (Ceas & Page, 1992)
** Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs & Trautman, 1932)
** Etheostoma pallididorsum (Distler & Metcalf, 1962)
** Etheostoma parvipinne (Gilbert & Swain, 1887)
** Etheostoma percnurum (Jenkins, 1994)
** Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney, 1946)
** Etheostoma phytophilum (Bart & Taylor, 1999)
** Etheostoma podostemone (Jordan & Jenkins, 1889)
** Etheostoma pottsii (Girard, 1859)
** Etheostoma proeliare (Hay, 1881)
** Etheostoma pseudovulatum (Page & Ceas, 1992)
** Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz, 1854)
** Etheostoma pyrrhogaster (Bailey & Etnier, 1988)
** Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black, 1941)
** Etheostoma rafinesquei (Burr & Page, 1982)
** Etheostoma ramseyi (Suttkus & Bailey, 1994)
** Etheostoma raneyi (Suttkus & Bart, 1994)
** Etheostoma rubrum (Raney & Suttkus, 1966)
** Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope, 1870)
** Etheostoma rupestre (Gilbert & Swain, 1887)
** Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain, 1883)
** Etheostoma saludae (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935)
** Etheostoma sanguifluum (Cope, 1870)
** Etheostoma scotti (Bauer, Etnier & Burkhead, 1995)
** Etheostoma segrex (Norris & Minckley, 1997)
** Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe & Welsh, 1913)
** Etheostoma sequatchiense (Burr, 1979)
** Etheostoma serrifer (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935)
** Etheostoma simoterum (Cope, 1868)
** Etheostoma smithi (Page & Braasch, 1976)
** Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz, 1854)
** Etheostoma squamiceps (Jordan, 1877)
** Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan, 1877)
** Etheostoma striatulum (Page & Braasch, 1977)
** Etheostoma susanae (Jordan & Swain, 1883)
** Etheostoma swaini (Jordan, 1884)
** Etheostoma swannanoa (Jordan & Evermann, 1889)
** Etheostoma tallapoosae (Suttkus & Etnier, 1991)
** Etheostoma tecumsehi (Ceas & Page, 1997)
** Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black, 1940)
** Etheostoma thalassinum (Jordan & Brayton, 1878)
** Etheostoma tippecanoe (Jordan & Evermann, 1890)
** Etheostoma trisella (Bailey & Richards, 1963)
** Etheostoma tuscumbia (Gilbert & Swain, 1887)
** Etheostoma uniporum (Distler, 1968)
** Etheostoma variatum (Kirtland, 1838)
** Etheostoma virgatum (Jordan, 1880)
** Etheostoma vitreum (Cope, 1870)
** Etheostoma vulneratum (Cope, 1870)
** Etheostoma wapiti (Etnier & Williams, 1989)
** Etheostoma whipplei (Girard, 1859)
** Etheostoma zonale (Cope, 1868)
** Etheostoma zonifer (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935)
** Etheostoma zonistium (Bailey & Etnier, 1988)
* Gènere Gymnocephalus
** Gymnocephalus acerinus (Güldenstädt, 1774)
** Gymnocephalus baloni (Holcík & Hensel, 1974)
** Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758)
** Gymnocephalus schraetser (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Gènere Perca
** Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814)
** Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
** Perca schrenkii (Kessler, 1874)
* Gènere Percarina
** Percarina demidoffii (Nordmann, 1840)
** Percarina maeotica (Kuznetsov, 1888)
* Gènere Percina
** Percina antesella (Williams i Etnier, 1977)
** Percina aurantiaca (Cope, 1868)
** Percina aurolineata (Suttkus i Ramsey, 1967)
** Percina aurora (Suttkus i Thompson a Suttkus, Thompson i Bart, 1994)
** Percina austroperca (Thompson, 1995)
** Percina brevicauda (Suttkus i Bart a Suttkus, Thompson i Bart, 1994)
** Percina burtoni (Fowler, 1945)
** Percina caprodes (Rafinesque, 1818)
** Percina carbonaria (Baird i Girard, 1853)
** Percina copelandi (Jordan, 1877)
** Percina crassa (Jordan i Brayton, 1878)
** Percina cymatotaenia (Gilbert i Meek a Gilbert, 1887)
** Percina evides (Jordan i Copeland a Jordan, 1877)
** Percina gymnocephala (Beckham, 1980)
** Percina jenkinsi (Thompson, 1985)
** Percina kathae (Thompson, 1997)
** Percina lenticula (Richards i Knapp, 1964)
** Percina macrocephala (Cope, 1867)
** Percina macrolepida (Stevenson, 1971)
** Percina maculata (Girard, 1859)
** Percina nasuta (Bailey, 1941)
** Percina nigrofasciata (Agassiz, 1854)
** Percina notogramma (Raney i Hubbs, 1948)
** Percina oxyrhynchus (Hubbs i Raney, 1939)
** Percina palmaris (Bailey, 1940)
** Percina pantherina (Moore i Reeves, 1955)
** Percina peltata (Stauffer a Cope, 1864)
** Percina phoxocephala (Nelson, 1876)
** Percina rex (Jordan i Evermann a Jordan, 1889)
** Percina roanoka (Jordan i Jenkins a Jordan, 1889)
** Percina sciera (Swain, 1883)
** Percina shumardi (Girard, 1859)
** Percina squamata (Gilbert i Swain a Gilbert, 1887)
** Percina stictogaster (Burr i Page, 1993)
** Percina suttkusi (Thompson, 1997)
** Percina tanasi (Etnier, 1976)
** Percina uranidea (Jordan i Gilbert a Gilbert, 1887)
** Percina vigil (Hay, 1882)
* Gènere Romanichthys
** Romanichthys valsanicola (Dumitrescu, Banarescu & Stoica, 1957)
* Gènere Sander
** Sander canadensis (Griffith & Smith, 1834)
** Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
** Sander marinus (Cuvier, 1828)
** Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818)
** Sander volgensis (Gmelin, 1789)
* Gènere Zingel
** Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758)
** Zingel balcanicus (Karaman, 1937)
** Zingel streber (Siebold, 1863)
** Zingel zingel (Linnaeus, 1766)

## Referències

* ↑ Berg, L.S., 1958. System der rezenten und fossilen Fischartigen und Fische. VEB Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlín, Alemanya.
* ↑ FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ «Pèrcids». Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. Barcelona: Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
* ↑ Jordan D. S., 1877. Contributions to North American ichthyology based primarily on the collections of the United States National Museum. Núm. 2. A.--Notes on Cottidae ..., and Hyodontidae, with revisions of the genera and descriptions of new or little known species. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. Núm. 10. 1-68.
* ↑ Jordan, D. S., 1877. Contributions to North American ichthyology based primarily on the collections of the United States National Museum. Núm. 2. A.--Notes on Cottidae ..., and Hyodontidae, with revisions of the genera and descriptions of new or little known species. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. Núm. 10: 1-68, Pls. 44-45.
* ↑ Williams, J. D., 1975. Systematics of the percid fishes of the subgenus Ammocrypta, genus Ammocrypta, with descriptions of two new species. Bull. Alabama Mus. Nat. Hist. Núm. 1: 1-56.
* ↑ Jordan, D. S. & S. E. Meek, 1885. List of fishes collected in Iowa and Missouri in August, 1884, with descriptions of three new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 8 (núm. 470): 1-17.
* ↑ Williams, J. D., 1975. Systematics of the percid fishes of the subgenus Ammocrypta, genus Ammocrypta, with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History Núm. 1: 1-56.
* ↑ Putnam, F. W., 1863. List of the fishes sent by the museum to different institutions, in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 1 (art. 1): 2-16.
* ↑ Hay, O. P., 1882. On a collection of fishes from the lower Mississippi Valley. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. v. 2 (1882): 57-75.
* ↑ Jordan D. S. 1885. A catalogue of the fishes known to inhabit the waters of North America, north of the Tropic of Cancer, with notes on species discovered in 1883 and 1884. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. v. 13 [1885]. 789-973.
* ↑ Jordan, D. S., 1878. A catalogue of the fishes of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History v. 1 (núm. 2): 37-70.
* ↑ Welsh, S.A. & Wood, R.M., 2008. Crystallaria cincotta, a new species of darter (Teleostei: Percidae) from the Elk River of the Ohio River drainage, West Virginia. Zootaxa, 1680: 62-68.
* ↑ Rafinesque C. S., 1819. Prodrome de 70 nouveaux genres d'animaux découverts dans l'intérieur des États-Unis d'Amérique, durant l'année 1818. J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. v. 88. 417-429.
* ↑ Bloch M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 7. i-xiv + 1-144.
* ↑ Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1. i-ii + 1-824.
* ↑ Nordmann A. von, 1840. Observations sur la fauna pontique. A: A. de Démidoff. Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée. Vol. III. París. Voyage Russie Mérid.. 353-635.
* ↑ Nordmann, A. von, 1840. Observations sur la fauna pontique. A: A. de Démidoff. Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée. Vol. III. París. Voyage Russie Mérid.: 353-635, Atlas: 32 col. pls.
* ↑ Kuznetsov, I. D., 1888. Percarina (Nordm.) and Benthophilus (Eichw.) of the Sea of Azov. Trudy St. Petersburg. Obsh. Estestv. v. 19: 189-212.
* ↑ Haldeman S. S. 1842. Description of two new species of the genus Perca, from the Susquehanna River. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 8 (pt 2). 330.
* ↑ Williams, J. D. & Etnier, D. A., 1977. Percina (Imostoma) antesella, a new percid fish from the Coosa River system in Tennessee and Georgia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 90 (núm. 1): 6-18.
* ↑ Cope, E. D., 1868. On the distribution of fresh-water fishes in the Allegheny region of southwestern Virginia. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Filadèlfia. Second series. v. 6 (art. 5): 207-247, Pls. 26-28.
* ↑ Suttkus, R. D. & Ramsey, J. S., 1967. Percina aurolineata, a new percid fish from the Alabama River system and a discussion of ecology, distribution, and hybridization of darters of the subgenus Hadropterus. Tulane Studies in Zoology v. 13 (núm. 4): 129-145.
* 1 2 Suttkus, R. D., Thompson, B. A. & Bart, H. L. Jr., 1994. Two new darters, Percina (Cottogaster), from the southeastern United States, with a review of the subgenus. Occasional Papers Tulane University Museum of Natural History Núm. 4: 1-46.
* ↑ Thompson, B. A., 1995. Percina austroperca: A new species of logperch (Percidae, subgenus Percina) from the Choctawhatchee and Escambia rivers in Alabama and Florida. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology Louisiana State University Núm. 69: 1-20.
* ↑ Fowler, H. W., 1945. A study of the fishes of the southern Piedmont and coastal plain. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Núm. 7: i-vi + 1-408, 313 figs. on 73 unnum. pls.
* ↑ Rafinesque, C. S., 1818. Discoveries in natural history, made during a journey through the western region of the United States. American Monthly Magazine and Critical Revue v. 3 (5) (Sept. 1818): 354-356.
* ↑ Baird, S. F. & Girard, C. F., 1853. Descriptions of new species of fishes collected by Mr. John H. Clark, on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Lt. Col. Jas. D. Graham. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6: 387-390.
* ↑ Jordan, D. S., 1877. Contributions to North American ichthyology based primarily on the collections of the United States National Museum. Núm. 2. A.--Notes on Cottidae ..., and Hyodontidae, with revisions of the genera and descriptions of new or little known species. Bulletin of the United States National Museum Núm. 10: 1-68, Pls. 44-45.
* ↑ Jordan, D. S. & Brayton, A. W., 1878. Contributions to North American ichthyology. Núm. 3. A. On the distribution of the fishes of the Allegany region of South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee, with descriptions of new or little known species. Bulletin of the United States National Museum Núm. 12: 3-95.
* ↑ Gilbert, C. H., 1887. Descriptions of new and little known etheostomoids. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (núm. 607): 47-64.
* ↑ Jordan, D. S., 1877. On the fishes of northern Indiana. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 29 (pt 1): 42-82.
* ↑ Beckham, E. C., III, 1980. Percina gymnocephala, a new percid fish of the subgenus Alvordius, from the New River in North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology Louisiana State University Núm. 57: 1-11.
* ↑ Dumitrescu M., Banarescu P. & N. Stoica 1957. Romanichthys valsanicola nov. gen. nov. sp. (Pisces, Percidae). Trav. Mus. Hist. Nat. 'Grigore Antipa' v. 1. 225-244.
* ↑ Dumitrescu, M., P. Banarescu & N. Stoica, 1957. Romanichthys valsanicola nov. gen. nov. sp. (Pisces, Percidae). Trav. Mus. Hist. Nat. 'Grigore Antipa' v. 1: 225-244.
* ↑ Oken L. 1817. V. Kl. Fische. Isis (Oken) v. 8 (núm. 148). 1779-1782 [for 1179-1182 + [1182a].
* ↑ Griffith, E. & C. H. Smith, 1834. The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith, F.R.S., &c. and Lieut.-Col. Charles Hamilton Smith, F.R., L.S.S., &c. &c. Londres. Class Pisces, Cuvier: 1-680, Pls. 1-62 + 3.
* 1 2 Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. - pp. (1-4), 1-824. Holmiæ. (Salvius).
* ↑ Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes, 1828. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome second. Livre Troisième. Des poissons de la famille des perches, ou des percoïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 2: i-xxi + 2 pp. + 1-490, Pls. 9-40.
* ↑ Mitchill, S. L., 1818. Memoir on ichthyology. The fishes of New York... In a supplement to the Memoir... Am. Monthly Mag. Crit. Rev. v. 2: 241-248, 321-328.
* ↑ Gmelin, J. F., 1789. Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 3 vols. in 9 parts. Lipsiae, 1788-93. Systema Naturae Linné v. 1 (pt 3): 1033-1516.
* ↑ Cloquet, H., 1816-1830. (Pisces accounts). A: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. Volumes 1-60.
* ↑ Karaman, S., 1937. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Süsswasserfische Jugoslaviens. Bull. Soc. Sci. Skoplje v. 17: 55-64.
* ↑ Siebold, C. T. E. von, 1863. Die Süsswasserfische von Mitteleuropa. Leipzig. Süsswasserfische Mitteleuropa: i-viii + 1-430, color Pls. 1-2.
* ↑ Linnaeus, C., 1766. Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 12th ed. Systema Nat. ed. 12 v. 1 (pt 1): 1-532.
* ↑ ITIS (anglès)
* ↑ Animal Diversity Web (anglès)
* ↑ BioLib (anglès)
* ↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
* ↑ World Register of Marine Species (anglès)
* ↑ NCBI (anglès)

## Bibliografia

* Helfman, G. S.; Collette, B. B.; Facey, D. E. The Diversity of Fishes (en anglès). Blackwell Science, 1997. ISBN 9780865422568.
* Moyle, P.; Cech, J. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (en anglès). 4a edició. Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN 9780130112828.
* Nelson, J. S. Fishes of the World (en anglès). 3a edició. Wiley, 1994. ISBN 978-0-471-54713-6.
* Wheeler, A. The World Encyclopedia of Fishes (en anglès). 2a edició. Macdonald, 1985. ISBN 978-0356107158.