# Channa

Channa és un gènere de peixos de la família dels cànnids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

## Etimologia

Del grec channe, -es (anxova).

## Descripció

* Aletes dorsal i anal allargades i toves. Aleta caudal arrodonida.
* Les escates de cap són principalment cicloïdals i les del cos ctenoides.
* Línia lateral corbada.
* Presència d'un òrgan respiratori accessori i suprafaringi, el qual serveix per respirar aire.

## Alimentació

Mengen peixos, granotes, serps, rosegadors, aus i insectes.

## Reproducció

Són ovípars i en Channa striata i Channa punctata pot tindre lloc durant tot l'any, mentre que en Channa argus s'esdevé cinc vegades al llarg de l'any.

## Distribució geogràfica

Són autòctons del sud d'Àsia: des del sud-est de l'Iran i l'est de l'Afganistan fins al Pakistan, l'Índia (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra i Nagar Haveli, Daman i Diu, el districte de Darjeeling, el Territori de la Capital Nacional de Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu i Caixmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, el districte de Mahe, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Orissa, Pondicherry, Panjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bengala Occidental i el districte de Yanam), Sri Lanka, el sud del Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Tailàndia, Laos, Malàisia (Sabah, Sarawak i la part continental), Indonèsia -com ara, Sumatra, Java, Borneo i Sulawesi-, les illes Filipines, el Vietnam, Cambodja, la península de Corea, la Xina (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan i Hong Kong), Taiwan i Sibèria, incloent-hi l'Himàlaia i les conques del llac Inle i dels rius Brahmaputra, Mekong, Chao Phraya i Iang-Tsé.

### Introduccions

* Channa argus a Rússia, Txèquia i Eslovàquia des de la conca del riu Amur; el Kazakhstan, el Turkmenistan i l'Uzbekistan des de la conca del riu Iang-Tsé; i la península de Corea durant els primers anys del segle XX i el sud del Japó (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu i Shikoku).
* Channa asiatica a Taiwan.
* Channa maculata a Taiwan, el Japó (com ara, les prefectures d'Hiroshima i Shiga), les illes Filipines, Madagascar i Oahu (les illes Hawaii).
* Channa melasoma a Palawan (les illes Filipines).
* Channa micropeltes a Kerala (el sud-oest de l'Índia) a mitjan segle xix des del sud-est d'Àsia.
* Channa punctata a la badia Delagoa (el sud de Moçambic).
* Channa striata és l'espècie més àmpliament introduïda d'aquesta família: Madagascar; l'illa de Maurici; les illes Filipines; la península de Doberai (Papua Occidental, Indonèsia); i Sulawesi, les illes Petites de la Sonda i les illes Moluques. La seua introducció a l'illa de Guam no va reeixir.
Així mateix, hi ha informes que diverses espècies han estat introduïdes en alguns estats dels Estats Units: Califòrnia (Channa argus), Florida (Channa marulius i Channa argus), Hawaii (Channa maculata), Maine (Channa micropeltes), Maryland (Channa argus), Massachusetts (Channa argus i Channa micropeltes), Carolina del Nord (Channa argus), Rhode Island (Channa micropeltes) i Wisconsin (Channa micropeltes).

## Taxonomia

* Channa amphibeus (McClelland, 1845)
* Channa argus (Cantor, 1842)
** Channa argus argus (Cantor, 1842)
** Channa argus warpachowskii (Berg, 1909)
* Channa asiatica (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Channa aurantimaculata (Musikasinthorn, 2000)
* Channa bankanensis (Bleeker, 1852)
* Channa baramensis (Steindachner, 1901)
* Channa barca (Hamilton, 1822)
* Channa bleheri (Vierke, 1991)
* Channa burmanica (Chaudhuri, 1919)
* Channa cyanospilos (Bleeker, 1853)
* Channa diplogramma (Day, 1865)
* Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822)
* Channa harcourtbutleri (Annandale, 1918)
* Channa lucius (Cuvier, 1831)
* Channa maculata (Lacépède, 1802)
* Channa marulioides (Bleeker, 1851)
* Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822)
* Channa melanoptera (Bleeker, 1855)
* Channa melanostigma (Geetakumari & Vishwanath, 2011)
* Channa melasoma (Bleeker, 1851)
* Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831)
* Channa nox (Zhang, Musikasinthorn & Watanabe, 2002)
* Channa orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
* Channa ornatipinnis (Britz, 2007)
* Channa panaw (Musikasinthorn, 1998)
* Channa pleurophthalma (Bleeker, 1851)
* Channa pulchra (Britz, 2007)
* Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793)
* Channa stewartii (Playfair, 1867)
* Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)

## Estat de conservació

Channa amphibeus, Channa asiatica, Channa aurantimaculata, Channa barca, Channa bleheri, Channa burmanica, Channa diplogramme, Channa gachua, Channa harcourtbutleri, Channa lucius, Channa maculata, Channa marulioides, Channa marulius, Channa melasoma, Channa micropeltes, Channa ornatipinnis, Channa panaw, Channa pulchra, Channa punctata, Channa stewartii i Channa striata apareixen a la Llista Vermella de la UICN.

## Observacions

Algunes espècies formen part del comerç internacional de peixos d'aquari i com a aliments de primera necessitat a Tailàndia, Cambodja, el Vietnam i d'altres països del sud-est asiàtic on són objecte de cultiu. A més, també són emprades com a teràpia per a la curació de ferides, el malestar i el dolor postoperatori.

## Referències

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* ↑ Stiassny, M. L. J. i Raminosoa, N., 1994. The fishes of the inland waters of Madagascar. A: Teugels, G. G., Guégan, J. F. i Albaret, J. J., eds. Biological diversity in African fresh- and brackish water fishes—Geographical overviews: Annales du Museé Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Zoologie. V. 275, pàgines 133-148.
* ↑ Lévêque, C., 1998. Fish species introductions in African fresh waters. A: Cowx, I. G., ed. Stocking and introduction of fish: Oxford, Anglaterra, Fishing News Books, p. 234-257.
* ↑ Parameswaran, S. i D. Goorah, D., 1981. Occurrence of the striped murrel, Channa striatus (Bloch), 1793, in Mauritius: Revue Agricole et Sucriere de l'Ile Maurice. V. 60, pàgines 117-124.
* ↑ Welcomme, R. L., 1988. International introductions of inland aquatic species: Roma, Itàlia. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Fisheries Technical Paper 294, 318 p.
* 1 2 Lever, C., 1996. Naturalized fishes of the world: Academic Press, 408 p.
* ↑ Seale, A., 1908. The fishery resources of the Philippine Islands, Part I, Commercial fishes: Philippine Journal of Science. Vol. 3, núm. 6, p. 513-531.
* ↑ Herre, A. W. C. T., 1924. Distribution of the true fresh-water fishes in the Philippines, Vol. II of The Philippine Labyrinthici, Clariidae, and Siluridae: Philippine Journal of Science. Vol. 24, núm. 6, p. 683-709, pls. 1-2.
* ↑ Conlu, P. V., 1986. Guide to Philippine flora and fauna, Vol. IX of Fishes: Natural Resources Management Center Ministry of Natural Resources and University of the Philippines, 495 p.
* ↑ Allen, G. R., 1991. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of New Guinea. Publication, núm. 9. 268 p. Christensen Research Institute, Madang, Papua Nova Guinea.
* ↑ Welcomme, R. L., 1981. Register of international transfers of inland fish species: Roma, Itàlia, FAO, Fisheries Technical Paper 213, 120 p.
* ↑ Maciolek, J. A., 1984. Exotic fishes in Hawaii and other islands of Oceania. P. 131-161. A: W. R. Courtenay, Jr. i J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.). Distribution, biology and management of exotic fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
* ↑ McClelland, J., 1845. Description of four species of fishes from the rivers at the foot of the Boutan Mountains. Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (núm. 18): 274-282.
* ↑ Cantor, T. E., 1842. General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 9 (núms. 58, 59, 60): 265-278, 361-370, 481-493.
* ↑ Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1: i-ii + 1-824.
* ↑ Bleeker, P., 1852. Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Banka. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3: 715-738.
* ↑ Steindachner, F., 1901. Kükenthal's Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungreise in den Molukken und Borneo. Fische. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft v. 25: 409-464, Pls. 17-18.
* 1 2 3 Hamilton, F., 1822. An account of the fishes found in the River Ganges and its branches. Archibald Constable and Company, Edimburg i Londres: i-vii + 1-405, Pls. 1-39.
* ↑ Vierke, J., 1991. Ein farbenfroher neuer Schlangenkopffisch aus Assam: Channa bleheri spec. nov. Das Aquarium v. 25 (núm. 259): 20-24.
* ↑ Chaudhuri, B. L., 1919. Report on a small collection of fish from Putao (Hkamti Long) on the northern frontier of Burma. Records of the Indian Museum (Calcuta) v. 16 (pt 4): 271-287, Pl. 22.
* ↑ Bleeker, P., 1853. Diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra. Tiental V-X. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4: 243-302.
* ↑ Annandale, N., 1918. Fish and fisheries of the Inlé Lake. Records of the Indian Museum (Calcuta) v. 14: 33-64, Pls. 1-7.
* 1 2 Cuvier, G. i Valenciennes, A., 1831. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome septième. Livre septième. Des Squamipennes. Livre huitième. Des poissons à pharyngiens labyrinthiformes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 7: i-xxix + 1-531, Pls. 170-208.
* ↑ Lacépède, B. G. E., 1801. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Historie naturelle des poissons. v. 3: i-lxvi + 1-558, Pls. 1-34.
* 1 2 3 Bleeker, P., 1851. Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo, met beschrijving van eenige nieuwe soorten van zoetwatervisschen. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2: 415-442.
* ↑ Bleeker, P., 1855. Negende bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo. Zoetwatervisschen van Pontianak en Bandjermasin. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9: 415-430.
* ↑ Geetakumari, K. i W. Vishwanath, 2011. Channa melanostigma, a new species of freshwater snakehead from north-east India (Teleostei: Channidae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, v. 107 (núm. 3) (2010): 231-235.
* ↑ Zhang, C.-G., P. Musikasinthorn & K. Watanabe, 2002. Channa nox, a new channid fish lacking a pelvic fin from Guangxi, China. Ichth. Research v. 49 (núm. 2): 140-146.
* ↑ Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G., 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
* 1 2 Britz, R., 2007. Channa ornatipinnis and Channa pulchra, two new species of dwarf snakeheads from Myanmar (Teleostei: Channidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 18 (4): 335-344.
* ↑ Musikasinthorn, P., 1998. Channa panaw, a new channid fish from the Irrawaddy and Sittang River basins, Myanmar. Ichthyological Research v. 45 (núm. 4): 355-362.
* 1 2 Bloch, M. E., 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 7: i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325-360.
* ↑ Playfair, R. L., 1867. On the fishes of Cachar. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 1): 14-17, Pl. 3.
* ↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
* ↑ FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ Encyclopedia of Life (anglès)
* ↑ BioLib (anglès)
* ↑ UNEP-WCMC Species Database (anglès)
* ↑ The Animal Diversity Web (anglès)
* ↑ Arctos Specimen Database (anglès)
* ↑ AQUATAB (txec)
* ↑ ITIS (anglès)
* ↑ UICN (anglès)
* ↑ Gopakumar, K. (ed.), 1997. Biochemical composition of Indian food fish. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, l'Índia. 44 p.

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## Enllaços externs

* AnimalBase (anglès)
* ION (anglès)
* CalPhotos (anglès)