# Louis Riel

Louis David Riel (22 d'octubre de 1844 – 16 de novembre de 1885, per execució) va ser un polític canadenc i el fundador de la província de Manitoba. Pertanyia a l'ètnia dels métis. Va dirigir la Rebel·lió del riu Red (1869-1870). Riel cercava preservar els drets i la cultura dels metis. Riel ha rebut més atenció dels intel·lectuals que cap altre figura en la història canadenca. Va fundar un govern provisional el qual va negociar l'entrada de Manitoba a la Confederació canadenca. Riel ordenà l'execució de Thomas Scott, i fugí als Estats Units. Mentre estava a l'exili va ser elegit tres vegades a la cambra House of Commons of Canada, malgrat que mai va ocupar l'escó.
El primer ministre del Canadà MacDonald decidí portar-lo a la forca a causa de la rebel·lió que Riel també dirigí al Saskatchewan.

## Referències

* ↑ «Louis Riel». A database of materials held by the University of Saskatchewan Libraries and the University Archives. [Consulta: 23 setembre 2007].
* ↑ Ricketts, Bruce. «Louis Riel – Martyr, hero or traitor?», 1998–2007. Arxivat de l'original el 8 de juliol 2007. [Consulta: 23 setembre 2007].
* ↑ The Heritage Centre. «Louis Riel The Provisional Government». Arxivat de l'original el 10 d’agost 2007. [Consulta: 23 setembre 2007].
* ↑ «Louis Riel Biography». Government of Manitoba. Arxivat de l'original el 3 de setembre 2011. [Consulta: 18 desembre 2011].
* ↑ J. M. Bumsted, The Peoples of Canada: A Post-Confederation History (1992), pp xiii, 31
* Barrett, Matthew. "'Hero of the Half-Breed Rebellion': Gabriel Dumont and Late Victorian Military Masculinity." Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes 48#3 (2014): 79-107.
* Brown, Chester. Louis Riel: A Comic-strip Biography. Drawn and Quarterly, Montreal, 2003. ISBN 1-896597-63-7. A biography of Riel in the form of a graphic novel.
* Careless, J.M.S.. Canada: A story of challenge. Stoddart, 1991. ISBN 0-7736-7354-7. A survey of Canadian history.
* Flanagan, Thomas. Riel and the Rebellion. Western Producer Prairie Books, Saskatoon, 1983. ISBN 0-88833-108-8.
* Flanagan, Thomas. Louis Riel. Canadian Historical Association, Ottawa, 1992. ISBN 0-88798-180-1. A short work highlighting the complexity of Riel's character.
* Flanagan, Thomas. Louis 'David' Riel: prophet of the new world. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1979. ISBN 0-88780-118-8. An influential work portraying Riel as a religious prophet and responsible for the rebellion; highly controversial among Riel admirers
* George R. D. Goulet. The Trial of Louis Riel, Justice and Mercy Denied. FabJob, Calgary, 2005. ISBN 1-894638-70-0. A critical legal and political analysis of Riel's 1885 high treason trial.
* Hansen, Hans. Riel's Defence: Perspectives on His Speeches (2014)
* Howard, Joseph Kinsey. Strange Empire: A Narrative of the Northwest (Louis Riel and the Metis People). William Morrow & Co, New York, 1952. ISBN 0-87351-298-7. , Online text. "first reasonably accurate biography of Louis Riel to be written." An exhaustive, "objective" yet sympathetic scholarly account.
* Knox, Olive. "The Question of Louis Riel's Insanity," Manitoba Historical Society Transactions Series 3, Number 6, 1949-50 online
* Morton, Desmond. The Last War Drum (1972). military history of 1885.
* Read, Geoff, and Todd Webb. "'The Catholic Mahdi of the North West': Louis Riel and the Metis Resistance in Transatlantic and Imperial Context." Canadian Historical Review (2012) 93#2 pp: 171-195.
* Siggins, Maggie. Riel: a life of revolution. HarperCollins, Toronto, 1994. ISBN 0-00-215792-6. A sympathetic reevaluation of Riel drawing heavily on his own writings.
* Stanley, George. Louis Riel. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Toronto, 1963. ISBN 0-07-092961-0. A standard Riel biography, covering most of the material in this article; source where no other is cited.
* Thistle, Jesse. "The 1885 Northwest Resistance: Causes to the Conflict." HPS History and Political Science Journal 3 (2014). online

### Historiografia

* Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion and Darren Prefontaine. Metis Legacy: A Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications Inc. and Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2001. ISBN 1-894717-03-1
* Betts, Gregory. "Non Compos Mentis: A Meta-Historical Survey of the Historiographic Narratives of Louis Riel's 'Insanity'", International Journal of Canadian Studies / Revue internationale d'études canadiennes, n° 38, 2008, p. 15-40. online
* Braz, Albert. The False Traitor: Louis Riel in Canadian Culture (University of Toronto Press, 2003) online review
* Bumstead, J. M. "The 'Mahdi' of Western Canada: Lewis Riel and His Papers," The Beaver (1987) 67#4 pp 47–54
* Dick, Lyle. "Nationalism and Visual Media in Canada: The Case of Thomas Scott's Execution." Manitoba History (Autumn/Winter2004-05), Issue 48, pp 2–18. online Arxivat 2016-01-01 a Wayback Machine.
* Flanagan, Thomas. Riel and the Rebellion: 1885 Reconsidered (2nd ed. U of Toronto Press, 2000).
* Flanagan, Thomas. "Louis Riel: Icon of the Left," Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada (1986), Vol 1, pp 219–228.
* Mossmann, Manfred. "The Charismatic Pattern: Canada's Riel Rebellion of 1885 as a Millenarian Protest Movement," Prairie Forum (1985) 10#2 pp 307–325.
* Miller, J. R. "From Riel to the Metis." Canadian Historical Review 69#1 (1988): 1-20.
** James Rodger Miller, "From Riel to the Métis". Reflections on Native-newcomer Relations: Selected Essays. University of Toronto Press, 2004, p. 37–60. , historiography
* Morton, Desmond. "Image of Louis Riel in 1998," Canadian Speeches (May 1998) 12#2 online
* Owram, Doug, ed.. Canadian History: Confederation to the present. U. of Toronto Press, 1994, p. 18, 168, 191–95, 347–50.
* Reid, Jennifer; Long, Charles; Carrasco, David. Louis Riel and the Creation of Modern Canada: Mythic Discourse and the Postcolonial State. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8263-4415-1.
* Sprague, D.N. "Historiographical introduction" ch 1 of Sprague, Canada and the Métis, 1869-1885 (1988), pp 1–17.
* Stanley, George F.G. Louis Riel: Patriot or Rebel? Canadian Historical Association Booklet No. 2 (1979) online

### Fonts principals

* Boulton, Charles A. (1886) Reminiscences of the North-West Rebellions. Toronto. Online text. A first person account of the rebellions.
* Riel, Louis. The collected writings of Louis Riel. ed. George Stanley. (5 vol. University of Alberta Press,, 1985. ISBN 0-88864-091-9. Riel's own writings and letters.

## Enllaços externs

* CBC Digital Archives: Rethinking Riel
* Heritage Minutes: Historica Minutes (History by the Minute): Louis Riel
* Synopsis of federal political experience from the Library of Parliament Arxivat 2015-12-11 a Wayback Machine.
* Louis Riel – University of Saskatchewan library
* Louis Riel, The Amnesty, Translation of L'Amnistie, Bureau du Nouveau Monde, Montreal, 1874.