# Bayard Rustin

Bayard Rustin (West Chester, 17 de març de 1912 - Manhattan, 24 d'agost de 1987) va ser un activista afroamericà pels drets civils, el socialisme, la noviolència i els drets del col·lectiu gai.
El 1941, Rustin va participar amb Asa Philip Randolph al Moviment de la Marxa sobre Washington per a posar fi a la discriminació racial. Més endavant, va col·laborar amb els Freedom Riders i va ajudar a enfortir el lideratge de Martin Luther King. Rustin va treballar al costat d'Ella Baker i Stanley Levison del Congrés Jueu Americà i, abans del boicot dels autobusos de Montgomery, van organitzar un grup anomenat In Friendship que oferia assistència material i legal a aquells que van ser desallotjats de les seves granges i llars als comtats de Clarendon i Yazoo.
Rustin també va promoure la sindicalització dels afroamericans. Durant les dècades del 1970 i 1980, va col·laborar en missions humanitàries d'ajuda als refugiats de Vietnam i Cambodja. En el moment de la seva mort, el 1987, estava en una missió humanitària a Haití. El 20 de novembre de 2013, el president Barack Obama li va concedir pòstumament la Medalla Presidencial de la Llibertat.

## Obra publicada

* Interracial primer, New York: Fellowship of Reconciliation, 1943
* Interracial workshop: progress report, New York: Sponsored by Congress of Racial Equality and Fellowship of Reconciliation, 1947
* Journey of reconciliation: report, New York: Fellowship of Reconciliation, Congress of Racial Equality, 1947
* We challenged Jim Crow! a report on the journey of reconciliation, April 9–23, 1947, New York: Fellowship of Reconciliation, Congress of Racial Equality, 1947
* "In apprehension how like a god!", Philadelphia: Young Friends Movement 1948
* The revolution in the South", Cambridge, Massachusetts. Peace Education Section, American Friends Service Committee, 1950s
* Report on Montgomery, Alabama New York: War Resisters League, 1956
* A report and action suggestions on non-violence in the South New York: War Resisters League, 1957
* Civil rights: the true frontier, New York: Donald Press, 1963
* From protest to politics: the future of the civil rights movement, New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1965
* The city in crisis, (introduction) New York: A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1965
* "Black power" and coalition politics, New York, American Jewish Committee 1966
* Which way? (amb Daniel Patrick Moynihan), New York: American Press, 1966
* The Watts "Manifesto" & the McCone report., New York, League for Industrial Democracy 1966
* Fear, frustration, backlash: the new crisis in civil rights, New York, Jewish Labor Committee 1966
* The lessons of the long hot summer, New York, American Jewish Committee 1967
* The Negro community: frustration politics, sociology and economics Detroit: UAW Citizenship-Legislative Department, 1967
* A way out of the exploding ghetto, New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1967
* The alienated: the young rebels today and why they're different, Washington, D.C.: International Labor Press Association, 1967
* "Right to work" laws: a trap for America's minorities. New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute 1967
* Civil rights: the movement re-examined (contributor), New York: A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1967
* Separatism or integration, which way for America?: a dialogue (with Robert Browne), New York, A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1968
* The Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, an analysis, New York, American Jewish Committee 1968
* The labor-Negro coalition, a new beginning, Washington? D.C.: American Federationist?, 1968
* The anatomy of frustration, New York: Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1968
* Morals concerning minorities, mental health and identity, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1969
* Black studies: myths & realities, (contributor) New York: A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1969
* Conflict or coalition?: the civil rights struggle and the trade union movement today, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1969
* Three essays, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1969
* Black rage, White fear: the full employment answer: an address, Washington, D.C.: Bricklayers, Masons &amp; Plasterers International Union 1970
* A word to black students, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1970
* The failure of black separatism, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1970
* The blacks and the unions (contributor), New York: A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1971
* Down the line; the collected writings of Bayard Rustin, Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971
* Affirmative action in an economy of scarcity (with Norman Hill), New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1974
* Seniority and racial progress (amb Norman Hill), New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1975
* Have we reached the end of the second reconstruction?, Bloomington, Indiana: The Poynter Center, 1976
* Strategies for freedom: the changing patterns of Black protest, Nova York: Columbia University Press 1976
* Africa, Soviet imperialism and the retreat of American power, New York: Social Democrats, USA (reprint), 1978
* South Africa: is peaceful change possible? a report (contributor), New York: New York Friends Group, 1984
* Time on two crosses: the collected writings of Bayard Rustin, San Francisco: Cleis Press, 2003
* I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's Life in Letters: City Lights, 2012

## Referències

* ↑ Morgan, Thad. «Why MLK's Right-Hand Man Was Nearly Written Out of History» (en anglès). HISTORY. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2020].
* ↑ «Bayard Rustin». National Park Service. [Consulta: 27 juny 2016].
* ↑ «Documenting the American South: Oral Histories of the American South». docsouth.unc.edu. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2020].
* ↑ Justin Snow. «Obama honors Bayard Rustin and Sally Ride with Medal of Freedom». metroweekly.com, 20-11-2013. [Consulta: 21 novembre 2013].

## Bibliografia

* Anderson, Jervis. Bayard Rustin: Troubles I've Seen (Nova York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997).
* Bennett, Scott H. Radical Pacifism: The War Resisters League and Gandhian Nonviolence in America, 1915–1963 (Syracuse Univ. Premsa, 2003) ISBN 0-8156-3028-X
* Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–63 (Nova York: Touchstone, 1989).
* Carbado, Devon W. i Donald Weise, editors. Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin (San Francisco: Cleis Press, 2003) ISBN 1-57344-174-0
* D'Emilio, Joan. Lost Prophet: Bayard Rustin and the Quest for Peace and Justice in America (Nova York: The Free Press, 2003).
* D'Emilio, Joan. Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004) ISBN 0-226-14269-8
* Frazier, Nishani (2017). Harambee City: Congrés d'Igualtat Racial a Cleveland i l'ascens del populisme del poder negre. Premsa de la Universitat d'Arkansas ISBN 1682260186
* Haskins, James. Bayard Rustin: darrere de les escenes del moviment pels drets civils (Nova York: Hyperion, 1997).
* Hirschfelder, Nicole. L'opressió com a procés: el cas de Bayard Rustin (Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2014) ISBN 3825363902
* Kates, Nancy i Bennett Singer (dirs.) Brother Outsider: La vida de Bayard Rustin (2003)
* King, Martin Luther Jr.; Carson, Clayborne; Luker, Ralph i Penny A. Russell The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Volume IV: Symbol of the Movement, gener de 1957 – desembre 1958. University of California Press, 2000 ISBN 0-520-22231-8
* Le Blanc, Paul i Michael Yates, A Freedom Budget for All Americans: Recapturing the Promise of the Civil Rights Movement in the Struggle for Economic Justice Today (Nova York: Monthly Review Press, 2013).
* Podair, Jerald E. "Bayard Rustin: American Dreamer" (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Pub., 2009) ISBN 978-0-7425-4513-7
* Lewis, David L. King: una biografia . (Premsa de la Universitat d'Illinois, 1978) ISBN 0-252-00680-1
* Rustin, Bayard. Down the Line: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971).Registres d'autoritat WorldCat CANTIC (1) BNF (1) GND (1) LCCN (1) VIAF (1) ISNI (1) SUDOC (1) NDL (1) NKC (1)