# Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels clupeids.

## Descripció

* Pot arribar a fer 25 cm de llargària màxima (normalment, en fa 10).
* 13-21 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 12-23 a l'anal.

## Alimentació

Els juvenils mengen zooplàncton (sobretot, copèpodes), mentre que els adults es nodreixen de quetògnats, poliquets, gambes i peixets.

## Depredadors

A les illes Hawaii és depredat per Sphyrna lewini.

## Hàbitat

És un peix marí i d'aigua salabrosa, associat als esculls i de clima tropical (39°N-33°S, 29°E-178°W) que viu entre 1-13 m de fondària.

## Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des de l'Àfrica oriental, Madagascar i Maurici fins al Japó, l'est d'Austràlia i Samoa. Ha estat introduït a Hawaii.

## Ús comercial

Es comercialitza fresc i en salaó.

## Referències

* ↑ Whitley G. P., 1951. New fish names and records. Proc. R. Zool. Soc. N. S. W. v. for 1949-1950. 61-68.
* ↑ Rüppell, W. P. E. S., 1835-1838. Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres. Frankfurt-am-Main. 1-148, Pls. 1-33.
* ↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
* ↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
* 1 2 3 4 FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ Kuiter, R.H. i T. Tonozuka, 2001. Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Austràlia. 302 p.
* ↑ Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303.
* ↑ Bush, A., 2003. Diet and diel feeding periodicity of juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, in Kãne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Environ. Biol. Fish. 67:1-11.
* ↑ FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ Hardy, J.D. Jr., 2003. Coral reef fish species. NOAA\National Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. Estats Units. 537 p.
* ↑ Mundy, B.C., 2005. Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704.
* 1 2 Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985.
* ↑ Pereira, M.A.M., 2000. Preliminary checklist of reef-associated fishes of Mozambique. Maputo, Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). 21 pp.
* ↑ Gell, F.R. i M.W. Whittington, 2002. Diversity of fishes in seagrass beds in the Quirimba Archipelago, northern Mozambique. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 53:115-121.
* ↑ Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral i A. Massinga, 1990. Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p.
* ↑ Williams, V.R. i T.A. Clarke, 1983. Reproduction, growth and other aspects of the biology of the gold spot herring, Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Clupeidae), a recent introduction to Hawaii. Fish. Bull. 81(3):587-597.
* ↑ Allen, G.R. i M. Adrim, 2003. Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72.
* ↑ Allen, G.R. i P.L. Munday, 1994. Kimbe Bay rapid ecological assessment: the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New Britain, Papua New Guinea), Volum 3: Fish diversity of Kimbe Bay. The Nature Conservancy, South Pacific program Office, Auckland, Nova Zelanda. 107 p.
* ↑ Bianchi, G., 1985. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of TCP/URT/4406 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme. FAO, Roma. 199 p.
* ↑ Chen, C.-H., 2004. Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication. Núm. 4. 175 p.
* ↑ Fouda, M.M. i G.V. Hermosa, Jr., 1993. A checklist of Oman fishes. Sultan Qaboos University Press, Oman. 42 p.
* ↑ Fricke, R., 1999. Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31: 759 p.
* ↑ Ganaden, S.R. i F. Lavapie-Gonzales, 1999. Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Filipines. 385 p.
* ↑ Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. i P.J. Kailola, 1984. Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Austràlia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonèsia i German Agency for Technical Cooperation, República Federal d'Alemanya. 407 p.
* ↑ Herre, A.W.C.T., 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv., (20): 977 p.
* ↑ Herre, A.W.C.T., 1959. Marine fishes in Philippine rivers and lakes. Philipp. J. Sci. 87(1):65-88.
* ↑ Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.
* ↑ Huang, Z., 2001. Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404- 463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, Estats Units. 598 p.
* ↑ Kailola, P.J., 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea. A revised and annotated checklist. Vol. 1. Myxinidae to Synbranchidae. Research Bulletin Núm. 41. Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Port Moresby, Papua Nova Guinea. 194 p.
* ↑ Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, Índia. 775 p.
* ↑ Khalaf, M.A., 2005. Fish fauna of the Jordanian Coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of King AbdulAziz University-Marine Sciences. Vol. 15.
* ↑ Kulbicki, M. i J.T. Williams, 1997. Checklist of the shorefishes of Ouvea Atoll, New Caledonia. Atoll Res. Bull. 444: 26 p.
* ↑ Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro i K. Pothin, 2004. An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216.
* ↑ Lieske, E. i R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Harper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
* ↑ Masuda, H.; Amaoka, K.; Araga, C.; Uyeno, T.; Yoshino, T. 日本産魚類大図鑑 (Enciclopèdia japonesa del peix) (en japonès). 1. 東海大学出版会 (Tokai University Press), 1984. ISBN 9784486050544.
* ↑ Milton, D.A., SJ.M. Blaber i N.J.F. Rawlinson, 1994. Reproductive biology and egg production of three species of Clupeidae from Kiribati, tropical central Pacific. Fish. Bull. 92(1):102-121.
* ↑ Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
* ↑ Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Segona edició. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p.
* ↑ Opic, P., F. Conand i P. Bourret, 1994. Poissons commerciaux du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. ORSTOM Éditions, 91 p.
* ↑ Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen i J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p.
* ↑ Randall, J.E., 1987. Introductions of marine fishes to the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci. 41(2):490-502.
* ↑ Randall, J.E., 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p.
* ↑ Randall, J.E. i C. Anderson, 1993. Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. 59:47.
* ↑ Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen i R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.
* ↑ Randall, J.E., H. Ida, K. Kato, R.L. Pyle i J.L. Earle, 1997. Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the Ogasawara Islands. Nat. Sci. Mus. Monogr. (11):1-74.
* ↑ Randall, J.E., J.L. Earle, T. Hayes, C. Pittman, M. Severns i R.L.F. Smith, 1993. Eleven new records and validations of shore fishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Pac. Sci. 47(3):222-239.
* ↑ Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
* ↑ Seale, A., 1908. The fishery resources of the Philippine Islands. Part I, commercial fishes. Philipp. J. Sci. 3(6):513-531.
* ↑ Shao, K.-T., C.-P. Lin, L.-T. Ho i P.-L. Lin, 1990. Study on the fish communities from northern and southern waters of Taiwan by analyzing the impingement data. J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 17(2):73-90.
* ↑ Shen, S.C. (ed.), 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p.
* ↑ Talwar, P.K. i R.K. Kacker, 1984. Commercial sea fishes of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcuta. 997 p.
* ↑ Wantiez, L., 1993. Les poissons des fonds meubles du lagon Nord et de la Baie de Saint-Vincent de Nouvelle-Calédonie: Description des peuplements, structure et fonctionnement des communautés. Tesi doctoral, Université d' Aix-Marseille II, França.
* ↑ Wantiez, L., 1996. Comparison of fish assemblages sampled by a shrimp trawl and a fish trawl in St. Vincent bay, New Caledonia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 76(4):759-775.
* ↑ Wass, R.C., 1984. An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781).

## Bibliografia

* Divisió de Peixos de la Smithsonian Institution. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu Nacional d'Història Natural (en anglès). Smithsonian Institution, 2001.
* Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
* Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba i K.E. Carpenter, 1994. SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). Núm. 9. Roma, FAO. 103 p.
* Kotlyar, A.N., 1984. Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscou. 288 p.
* Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.

## Enllaços externs

* BioLib (anglès)
* AQUATAB