# Littorina

Littorina és un gènere de gastròpodes marins de la família Littorinidae. Són cargols petits que viuen a la zona de marees de les roques litorals.
Littorina ha donat el nom al Mar Littorina, el precursor geològic del Mar Bàltic.

## Distribució

Es troben a la zona litoral i sublitoral d'arreu del món.

## Taxonomia

L'espècie tipus és Turbo littoreus. Linnaeus, 1758 va restringir les espècies del gènere a l'Hemisferi Nord en zones temperades i fredes. Les espècies tropicals pertanyen a un altre gènere dins la mateixa família
Les espècies dins el gènere Littorina inclouen
* Littorina aleutica Dall, 1872
* Littorina arcana Hannaford-Ellis, 1978
* Littorina brevicula (Philippi, 1844)
* Littorina compressa Jeffreys, 1865
* Littorina fabalis (Turton, 1825)
* Littorina horikawai Matsubayashi & Habe in Habe, 1979
* Littorina islandica Reid, 1996 †
* Littorina kasatka Reid, Zaslavskaya & Sergievsky, 1991
* Littorina keenae Rosewater, 1978
* Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758),
* Littorina mandshurica (Schrenk, 1861)
* Littorina natica Reid, 1996
* Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758),
* Littorina petricola Arnold, 1908 †
* Littorina plena Gould, 1849
* Littorina remondii Gabb, 1866 †
* Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792),
* Littorina scutulata Gould, 1849,
* Littorina sitkana Philippi, 1846
* † Littorina sookensis Clark & Arnold, 1923
* Littorina squalida Broderip & Sowerby, 1829
* Littorina subrotundata (Carpenter, 1864)
* Littorina varia
* Littorina zebra

### Espècies convertides en sinònims

* Littorina aestuarii Jeffreys, 1865: sinònim de Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Littorina affinis d'Orbigny, 1839: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
* Littorina angulifera is a synonym for Littoraria angulifera (Lamarck, 1822)
* Littorina arenica Jay, 1839: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
* Litorina arenica Dunker, 1845: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
* Littorina canariensis d'Orbigny, 1839: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
* Litorina globosa Dunker, 1845: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
* Littorina granularis Gray, 1839: synonym of Echinolittorina miliaris (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
* Littorina lamellosa Souverbie, 1861: synonym of Fossarus lamellosus (Souverbie, 1861)
* Littorina marnat Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of Echinolittorina punctata (Gmelin, 1791)
* Littorina obesa (G.B. Sowerby, 1832): synonym of Littoraria coccinea (Gmelin, 1791)
* Littorina petraeus (Montagu, 1803): synonym of Melarhaphe neritoides (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Littorina planaxis G.B. Sowerby I, 1844: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
* Littorina saxatilis jugosa Montagu, 1803: synonym of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
* Littorina saxatilis nigrolineata Gray, 1839: synonym of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
* Littorina striata is a synonym for Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
* Littorina undulata Gray, 1839: synonym of Littoraria undulata (Gray, 1839)
* Littorina unifasciata antipodum: synonym of Austrolittorina antipodum (Philippi, 1847)
* Littorina ziczac is a synonym for Echinolittorina ziczac (Gmelin, 1791)
* Littorina zonaria Bean, 1844: synonym of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)

## Referències

* ↑ Férussac A. É d'A de (1822). H.N. g. et p. Moll., Tabl. gén., xxxiv.
* 1 2 3 WoRMS (2011). Littorina Férussac, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138135 on 2011-04-15
* ↑ Bandel, K. & D. Kadolsky (1982). Western Atlantic Species of Nodolittorina (Gastropda: Prosobranchia): comparative morphology and its functional, ecological, phylogenetic and taxonomic implications. Veliger 25 (1): 1-42.
* ↑ S T Williams, D G Reid, D T J Littlewood «A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.». Mol Phylogenet Evol., 1, 1, 2003, pàg. 60–86. Arxivat de l'original el 2012-10-05. DOI: 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID: 12801472 [Consulta: 26 agost 2014]. Arxivat 2012-10-05 a Wayback Machine.
* Reid D.G. (1996). Systematics and evolution of Littorina. The Ray Society 463p