# Quadrula intermedia

Quadrula intermedia és una espècie de mol·lusc bivalve pertanyent a la família Unionidae.

## Descripció

* És de mida mitjana i amb la closca de color groc verdós o groguenc que s'enfosqueix amb l'edat.

## Hàbitat

Viu en aiguamolls, rius i rierols (incloent-hi cascades) que tinguin fons de sorra i/o grava.

## Distribució geogràfica

Es troba als Estats Units: Alabama, Tennessee i Virgínia.

## Estat de conservació

S'ha extingit en gairebé tota la seua àrea de distribució original i és molt a prop de l'extinció, ja que pateix una contínua degradació del seu hàbitat i la contaminació de l'aigua.

## Referències

* 1 2 3 IUCN (anglès)
* 1 2 NatureServe (anglès)
* ↑ Bogan, A.E. i P.W. Parmalee, 1983. Tennessee's rare wildlife. Vol. 2: The mollusks. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and the Tennessee Conservation Department: Nashville, Tennessee. 123 pp.
* ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (anglès)

## Bibliografia

* Ahlstedt, S.A., 1983. The molluscan fauna of the Elk River in Tennessee and Alabama. American Malacological Bulletin 1:43-50.
* Ahlstedt, S.A., 1984. Twentieth century changes in the freshwater mussel fauna of the Clinch River (Tennessee and Virginia). M.S. Thesis, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (Tennessee). 102 pp.
* Baillie, J. i Groombridge, B., 1996. Llista Vermella d'Espècies Amenaçades de la UICN 1996. UICN, Gland, Suïssa.
* Bisby, F.A., M.A. Ruggiero, K.L. Wilson, M. Cachuela-Palacio, S.W. Kimani, Y.R. Roskov, A. Soulier-Perkins i J. van Hertum, 2005. Species 2000 i ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2005 Annual Checklist. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, la Gran Bretanya.
* Groombridge, B. (ed.), 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. UICN, Gland, Suïssa.
* Hill, D.M., 1986. Cumberlandian mollusk conservation program, activity 3: identification of fish hosts. Office of Natural Resources and Economic Development, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville (Tennessee). 55 pp.
* Hilton-Taylor, C., 2000. 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. UICN, Gland, Suïssa i Cambridge, la Gran Bretanya.
* UICN, 1990. Llista Vermella d'Animals Amenaçats de la UICN 1990. UICN, Gland, Suïssa i Cambridge, la Gran Bretanya.
* Lefevre, G. i W.T. Curtis, 1912. Studies on the reproduction and artificial propagation of fresh-water mussels. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 30: 102-201.
* Mirarchi, R. E., J. T. Garner, M. F. Mettee i P.E. O'Neil, 2004. Alabama wildlife. Volum 2. Imperiled aquatic mollusks and fishes. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. xii + 255 pp.
* Morrison, J.P.E., 1942. Preliminary report on mollusks found in the shell mounds of the Pickwidk Landing basin in the Tennessee River valley. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, 129: 339-392.
* Moyle, P. i J. Bacon, 1969. Distribution and abundance of molluscs in a fresh water environment. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, 35(2/3): 82-85.
* Parmalee, P.W. i A.E. Bogan, 1986. Molluscan remains from aboriginal middens at the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant Site, Roan County, Tennessee. American Malacological Bulletin 4(1):25-37.
* Strayer, D., 1983. The effects of surface geology and stream size on freshwater mussel (Bivalvia, Unionidae) distribution in southeastern Michigan, U.S.A. Freshwater Biology, 13: 253-264.
* Strayer, D.L., 1999. Use of flow refuges by unionid mussels in rivers. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 18(4): 468-476.
* Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn, Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione i J.D. Willams, 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2a edició. American Fisheries Society (Special publication, 26), Bethesda, Maryland. 526 p.
* U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (Ahlstedt, S.), 1984. Recovery plan for the Cumberland monkeyface pearly mussel; Quadrula intermedia (Conrad, 1836). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 4, Atlanta, Geòrgia. 35 pp.
* U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 2001. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; establishment of nonessential experimental population status for 16 freshwater mussels and 1 freshwater snail (Anthony's Riversnail) in the free-flowing reach of the Tennessee River below the Wilson Dam, Colbert and Lauderdale Counties, Alabama. Federal Register, 66(115): 32250-32264.
* Van der Schalie, H., 1938. The naiad fauna of the Huron River in southeastern Michigan. Miscellaneous Publication of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 40: 7-78.
* Watson, S.N., Jr., 1998. Lillard Mill mussel survey, 1997. Triannual Unionid Report, 14: 7-8.
* Watters, G.T., 1992. Unionids, fishes, and the species-area curve. Journal of Biogeography, 19: 481-490.
* Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan i J.T. Garner, 2008. Freshwater Mussels of Alabama & the Mobile Basin in Georgia, Mississippi & Tennessee. University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, Alabama. 908 pp.
* Yeager, B.L. i C.F. Saylor, 1995. Fish hosts for four species of freshwater mussels (Pelecypoda: Unionidae) in the Upper Tennessee River drainage. American Midland Naturalist, 133(1): 1-6.

## Enllaços externs

* Catalogue of Life (anglès)
* SeaLife (anglès)