# Leiostomus xanthurus

Leiostomus xanthurus és una espècie de peix de la família dels esciènids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

## Morfologia

* Els mascles poden assolir 36 cm de longitud total i 450 g de pes.

## Alimentació

Menja principalment cucs, crustacis petits i detritus orgànic.

## Depredadors

És depredat per Sarda sarda i, als Estats Units, per Pomatomus saltatrix, Cynoscion regalis, Morone saxatilis, Carcharhinus obscurus, Odontaspis taurus, Squatina dumeril, Mustelus canis i Carcharhinus plumbeus.

## Hàbitat

És un peix de clima subtropical (43°N-19°N) i demersal que viu fins als 60 m de fondària.

## Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a l'oceà Atlàntic occidental: des de Massachusetts fins al nord de Mèxic, llevat del sud de Florida.

## Observacions

És inofensiu per als humans.

## Referències

* 1 2 3 4 5 FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ Robins, C.R. i G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 354 p.
* ↑ IGFA, 2001. Base de dades de registres de pesca IGFA fins al 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Estats Units.
* ↑ Buckel, J.A., M.J. Fogarty i D.O. Conover, 1999. Foraging habits of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, on the U.S. east coast continental shelf. Fish. Bull. 97:758-775.
* ↑ Medved, R.J. i J.A. Marshall, 1981. Feeding behavior and biology of young sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus (Pisces, Carcharhinidae), in Chincoteague Bay, Virginia. Fish. Bull. 79(3):441-447.
* ↑ FishBase (anglès)
* ↑ Sasaki, K., S. Hosoya i S. Watanabe, 1989. Leiostomus xanthurus, a western Atlantic sciaenid species in Tokyo Bay. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 36(2):267-269.
* ↑ Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. A: W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volum 4. FAO, Roma.
* ↑ Dawson, C.E., 1965. Length-weight relationships of some Gulf of Mexico fishes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 94:279-280.
* ↑ Hildebrand, S.F. i L.E. Cable, 1930. Development and life history of fourteen teleosteen fishes at Beaufort, N.C. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 46:383-488.
* ↑ Hodson, R.G., J.O. Hackman i C.R. Bennett, 1981. Food habits of young spots in nursery areas of the Cape Fear River estuary, North Carolina. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110(4):495-501.
* ↑ Hugg, D.O., 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. i Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater (Maryland), Estats Units.
* ↑ Kjelson, M.A., D.S. Peters, G.W. Thayer i G.N. Johnson, 1975. The general feeding ecology of postlarval fishes in the Newport River estuary. Fish. Bull. 73(1):137-144.
* ↑ LeGrande, W.H. i J.M. Fitzsimons, 1988. Chromosome numbers of some Gulf coast sciaenid fishes. Copeia 1988(2):491-493.
* ↑ Pacheco, A., 1962. Age and growth of spot in lower Chesapeake Bay, with notes on distribution and abundance of juveniles in the York River system. Chesapeake Sci. 3(1):18-28.
* ↑ Pearson, J., 1929. Natural history and conservation of redfish and other commercial sciaenids on the Texas coast. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. Wash. 44:129-214.
* ↑ Reid, G.K. Jr., 1954. An ecological study of the Gulf of Mexico fishes, in the vicinity of Cedar Key, Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 4(1):1-94.
* ↑ Welsh, W.W. i C.M. Breder, Jr., 1923. Contributions to life histories of Sciaenidae of the Eastern United States Coast. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 39:141-201.
* ↑ Wilber, D.H., D.G. Clarke, M.H. Burlas, H. Ruben i R.J. Will, 2003. Spatial and temporal variability in surf zone fish assemblages on the coast of northern New Jersey. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 56(2):291-304.

## Bibliografia

* Adams, S.M., 1976. Feeding ecology of eelgrass fish communities. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 105(4):514-519.
* Anònim, 2000. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
* Divisió de Peixos de la Smithsonian Institution. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu Nacional d'Història Natural (en anglès). Smithsonian Institution, 2001.
* Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
* Eschmeyer, W. N. Catalog of Fishes (en anglès). Acadèmia de les Ciències de Califòrnia, 1998. ISBN 978-0-940228-47-4.
* Hartman, K.J. i S.B. Brandt, 1995. Trophic resource partitioning, diets, and growth of sympatric estuarine predators. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 124(4):520-537.
* Lindsey, C.C., 1978. Form, function and locomotory habits in fish. p. 1-100. A: W. S. Hoar i D. J. Randall (eds.) Fish Physiology VII. Academic Press, Nova York.
* Massey, L.L. i D.E. Harper, 1993. Selected computer images of southeastern U.S. marine fishes. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFSC-333, 49 p.
* Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea i J.D. Williams, 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland, Estats Units.
* Neumann, D.A., J.M. O'Connor i J.A. Sherk, Jr., 1981. Oxygen consumption of white perch (Morone americana), striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 69A:467-478.
* Pauly, D., 1978. A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200.
* Ricker, W.E., 1973. Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.
* Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
* Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
* Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. (20):183 p.
* Sambilay, V.C. Jr., 1990. Interrelationships between swimming speed, caudal fin aspect ratio and body length of fishes. Fishbyte 8(3):16-20.
* Sheridan, P.F. i T.L. Trimm, 1983. Summer foods of Texas coastal fishes relative to age and habitat Fish. Bull. 81(3):643-647
* Subrahamanyam, C.B., 1980. Oxygen consumption of estuarine fish in relation to external tension. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 67A:129-133.
* Sundaraj, B., 1960. Age and growth of the spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède. Tulane Stud. Zool. 8(2):41-62.
* Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.
* Yoshida, H.O., 1980. Synopsis of biological data on bonitos of the genus Sarda. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 432. FAO Fish. Synop. Núm. 118. 50 p.

## Enllaços externs

* AQUATAB