# Sardinella longiceps

Sardinella longiceps és una espècie de peix de la família dels clupeids i de l'ordre dels clupeïformes.

## Morfologia

* Els mascles poden assolir 23 cm de llargària total i 200 g de pes.
* Nombre de vèrtebres: 45-49.

## Reproducció

Té lloc entre agost i setembre, quan la temperatura arriba als 22-28 °C.

## Alimentació

Menja principalment fitoplàncton (especialment diatomees) i petits crustacis.

## Depredadors

És depredat per Saurida tumbil i algunes espècies del gènere Scomberomorus.

## Hàbitat

És un peix marí, pelàgic, de clima tropical (25°N-7°N, 57°E-81°E) i que es troba a 20-200 m de fondària.

## Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a l'oceà Índic: des del Golf d'Aden i el Golf d'Oman fins al sud de la costa oriental de l'Índia.

## Longevitat

Pot arribar a viure 3 anys.

## Costums

Forma bancs a les aigües costaneres.

## Ús comercial

Es comercialitza fresc, assecat, adobat amb sal, fumat, en conserva i en forma de farina de peix i mandonguilles.

## Referències

* ↑ «Sardinella longiceps». Catalogue of Life. (anglès) (anglès)
* ↑ Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. ISBN 92-5-102340-9
* ↑ Bykov, V.P. 1983. Marine fishes: chemical composition and processing properties. Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., Nova Delhi. 333 p.
* 1 2 3 FishBase (anglès)
* 1 2 Rosa, H. Jr. i T. Laevastu 1960. Comparison of biological and ecological characteristics of sardines and related species - a preliminary study. p. 523-552. A H. Rosa, Jr. i G. Murphy (eds.) Proc. World Scientific Meeting on the Biology of Sardines and Related Species, 14-21 de setembre de 1959, Roma, Itàlia. Vol. 2, Species Synopses.
* ↑ Sommer, C., W. Schneider i J.-M. Poutiers 1996. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Roma. 376 p.
* ↑ Tiews, K., A. Mines i I.A. Ronquillo 1972. On the biology of Saurida tumbil (Bloch 1801), Family Synodontidae in Philippine waters. The Philipp. J. of Fish. 10(1-2):1-29.
* ↑ Collette, B.B. i C.E. Nauen 1983. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
* ↑ FishBase (anglès)
* 1 2 Al Sakaff, H. i M. Esseen 1999. Occurrence and distribution of fish species off Yemen (Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea). Naga ICLARM Q. 22(1):43-47.
* ↑ Edwards, R.R.C., A. Ghaddaf i S. Shaher 1991. The demersal fish stocks and the biometrics of fish on the P.D.R. Yemen shelf of the Gulf of Aden. UNESCO Project 703/PDY/40.
* ↑ Edwards, R.R.C. i S. Shaher 1991. The biometrics of marine fishes from the Gulf of Aden. Fishbyte 9(2):27-29.
* ↑ Edwards, R.R.C. i S. Shaher 1987. Biometrics of Sardinella longiceps Val. in relation to upwelling in the Gulf of Aden. J. Fish Biol. 30:67-73.
* ↑ Stromme, T. 1986. Pelagic and demersal fish resources of Oman, results of the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen surveys in Oman 1983-1984. Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Noruega, 95p.
* ↑ Randall, J.E. 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p.
* ↑ Fouda, M.M. i G.V. Hermosa, Jr. 1993. A checklist of Oman fishes. Sultan Qaboos University Press, Sultanate of Oman. 42 p.
* ↑ Assadi, H. i R. Dehghani P. 1997. Atlas of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman fishes. Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organization, Iran.
* ↑ Al-Barwani, M.A., A. Prabhakar, J.A. Dorr III i M. Al-Mandhery 1989. Studies on the biology of Sardinella longiceps (Valenciennes) in the Sultanate of Oman, 1985-1986. Kuwait Bull. Mar. Sci. (10):201-209.
* ↑ Talwar, P.K. i R.K. Kacker 1984. Commercial sea fishes of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 997 p.
* ↑ Kurup, K.N., V. Balan, P. Vijaya Raghavan i M. Kumaran 1989. Stock assessment of the Indian oil-sardinella (Sardinella longiceps) off the west coast of India. p. 115-126. A S.C. Venema i N.P. van Zalinge (eds.) Contributions to tropical fish stock assessment in India. FAO/DANIDA/ICAR National Follow-up Training Course on Fish Stock Assessment, Cochin, l'Índia, 2-28 de novembre de 1987. FI:GCP/INT/392/DEN/1.
* ↑ Kharbhari, J.P. 1982. Marine Fisheries Information Services India. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute: 18-23.
* ↑ Biradar, R.S. i J. Gjosæter 1989. Population dynamics of Indian oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps, off the southwest coast of India. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 5(4):185-193.
* ↑ Frimodt, C. 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial warmwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, Anglaterra. 215 p.

## Bibliografia

* Annigeri, G.G. 1969. Fishery and biology of the oil sardine at Karwar. Indian J. Fish. 16(1-2):35-50.
* Antony Raja, B.T. 1972. Possible explanation for the fluctuation in abundance of the Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes. p. 241-252. A Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council. Proceedings of the 15th Session, Wellington, New Zealand, 18-27 d'octubre de 1972. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Far East, Bangkok, Tailàndia.
* Arthur, J.R. i S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997. Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Roma.
* Bensam, P. 1964. Differences in the food and feeding adaptations between juveniles and adults of the Indian oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes. Indian J. Fish. 11(1):377-390.
* Dayaratne, P. i J. Gjøsaeter 1986. Age and growth of four Sardinella species from Sri Lanka. Fish. Res. 4:1-33.
* Devanesan, D.W. 1943. A brief investigation into the causes of the fluctuation of the annual fishery of the oil sardine of Malabar, Sardinella longiceps Cuv. & Val., determination of its age and an account of the discovery of its eggs & spawning ground. Madras Fish. Bull. 28(1):1-38.
* Dhulkhed, M.H. 1964. Observations on the spawning behaviour of the Indian oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, determined by ova diameter studies. Indian J. Fish. 11(1):371-376.
* Eschmeyer, W. N. Genera of Recent Fishes (en anglès). iii + 697. Acadèmia de les Ciències de Califòrnia, 1990. ISBN 0-940228-23-8.
* Eschmeyer, W. N. Catalog of Fishes (en anglès). Acadèmia de les Ciències de Califòrnia, 1998. ISBN 978-0-940228-47-4.
* Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The Diversity of Fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997. ISBN 1405124946.
* Hornell, J. i M.R. Naidu 1924. A contribution to the life history of Indian oil sardine with notes on plankton of the Malabar coast. Madras Fish. Bull. 17(5):129-197.
* Kagwade, P.V. 1964. The food and feeding habits of the Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes. Indian J. Fish. 11(1):345-370.
* Kumar, K. i K. Balasubrahmanyan 1988. Fishery and biology of oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps, from coastal waters of Parangipettai. CMFRI Spec. Publ. (40): 10 p.
* Menezes, M. 1994. Genetic relationships among three species of the genus Sardinella (Clupeidae). Mahasagar. 27(1):29-39.
* Menezes, M.R. 1994 Little genetic variation in the oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps Val., from the Western coast of India. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 45(2):257-264.
* Moyle, P.; Cech, J. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (en anglès). 4a edició. Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN 9780130112828.
* Nair, R.V. 1960. Synopsis on the biology of the Indian sardines. Proc. World Scient. Meeting Biol. Sard. Related Spec. 2:329-414.
* Nelson, J. S. 2006: Fishes of the world. Quarta edició. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 601 p. ISBN 0471250317.
* Sanders, M.J i M. Bouhlel 1984. Stock assessment for the Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps inhabiting the eastern waters of the Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen. FAO. RAB/81/002/18. 62 p.
* Sekharan, K.V. 1974. Estimates of the stocks of oil sardine and mackerel in the present fishing grounds off the west coast of India. Indian J. Fish. 21:177-182.
* Villoso, E.P., G.V. Hermosa i C. Dizon 1983. Species composition and diversity of fishes caught by otter trawling in Samar Sea. Fish. Res. J. Philipp. 8(2):33-49.
* Wheeler, A. The World Encyclopedia of Fishes (en anglès). 2a edició. Macdonald, 1985. ISBN 978-0356107158. ISBN 0356107159.