# Neoperla

Neoperla és un gènere d'insectes plecòpters pertanyent a la família dels pèrlids. En els seus estadis immadurs són aquàtics i viuen a l'aigua dolça, mentre que com a adults són terrestres i voladors. Es troba a Amèrica, Àfrica i les regions tropicals i temperades d'Àsia.

## Taxonomia

* Neoperla aeripennis (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla affinis (Zwick, 1983)
* Neoperla agusani (I. Sivec, 1984)
* Neoperla alboguttata (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla aliqua (Zwick, 1973)
* Neoperla angulata (Walker, 1852)
* Neoperla angustilobata (Zwick, 1988)
* Neoperla anjiensis (D. Yang & C. Yang, 1998)
* Neoperla apicalis (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla apoana (Banks, 1937)
* Neoperla appolinaris (Navàs, 1924)
* Neoperla asperata (Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla asperipenis (Zwick, a Zwick i I. Sivec 1980)
* Neoperla atropennis (Banks, 1924)
* Neoperla baishuijiangensis (Du, 2005)
* Neoperla banksi (Illies, 1966)
* Neoperla bicornua (Wu, C.F., 1973)
* Neoperla bicornuta (D. Yang & C. Yang, 1995)
* Neoperla bicoronata (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla bilineata (Wu & Claassen, 1934)
* Neoperla bilobata (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla binodosa (Wu, 1973)
* Neoperla biprojecta (Du, a Wu & Pan 2001)
* Neoperla biseriata (Zwick & Anbalagan, 2007)
* Neoperla bituberculata (Du, 2000)
* Neoperla bom (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla bolivari (Banks, 1941)
* Neoperla boliviensis (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla borneensis (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla brachyura (Navàs, 1918)
* Neoperla breviscrotata (Du, 1999)
* Neoperla caligata (Burmeister, 1839)
* Neoperla cameronis (Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla camposi (Banks, 1920)
* Neoperla carlsoni (W. P. Stark & Baumann, 1978)
* Neoperla catharae (W. P. Stark & Baumann, 1978)
* Neoperla cavalerieri (Navàs, 1922)
* Neoperla centralis (Banks, 1939)
* Neoperla choctaw (W. P. Stark & Baumann, 1978)
* Neoperla chui (Wu & Claassen, 1934)
* Neoperla clara (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla clymene (Newman, 1839)
* Neoperla collaris (Navàs, 1932)
* Neoperla connectens (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla coosa (Angela Smith & Stark, 1998)
* Neoperla coralliata (Uchida, 1990)
* Neoperla coreensis (C. H. Ra, J. S. Kim, Y. W. Kang & S. A. Ham, 1994)
* Neoperla coronata (Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla costalis (Klapálek, 1913)
* Neoperla costana (Navàs, 1924)
* Neoperla coxi (Stark, 1995)
* Neoperla curvispina (Wu, 1948)
* Neoperla daklak (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla dao (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla darlingi (Stark & Sivec, 2007)
* Neoperla dashahena (Du & Sivec, 2005)
* Neoperla dayak (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla dentata (I. Sivec, 1984)
* Neoperla diehli (I. Sivec, a Zwick & I. Sivec 1985)
* Neoperla distincta (Zwick, 1983)
* Neoperla divergens (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla dolichocephala (Klapálek, 1909)
* Neoperla dorsispina (Yang, D. & C. Yang, 1996)
* Neoperla duratubulata (Du, 1999)
* Neoperla edmundsi (Stark, 1983)
* Neoperla enderleini (Illies, 1966)
* Neoperla erecta (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla falayah (Stark & D. L. Lentz, 1988)
* Neoperla fallax (Klapálek, 1910)
* Neoperla fanjingshana (D. Yang & C. Yang, 1993)
* Neoperla flavescens (Chu, 1929)
* Neoperla flavicincta (Zwick, a Zwick & I. Sivec 1985)
* Neoperla flexiscrotata (Du, 2000)
* Neoperla flinti (I. Sivec, 1984)
* Neoperla forcipata (D. Yang & C. Yang, 1993)
* Neoperla formosana (Okamoto, 1912)
* Neoperla foveolata (Klapálek, 1921)
* Neoperla freytagi (W. P. Stark & Baumann, 1978)
* Neoperla furcata (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla furcifera (Klapálek, 1909)
* Neoperla fuscicosta (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla gallosi (Navàs, 1923)
* Neoperla gaufini (W. P. Stark & Baumann, 1978)
* Neoperla geniculata (Pictet, 1841)
* Neoperla gordonae (Stark, 1983)
* Neoperla grafei (Stark & Sheldon, 2009)
* Neoperla guangxiensis (Du & Sivec, 2004)
* Neoperla guatemalensis (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla hainanensis (D. Yang & C. Yang, 1995)
* Neoperla hamata (Jewett, 1975)
* Neoperla han (Stark, 1987)
* Neoperla harina (Navàs, 1929)
* Neoperla harperi (Zwick, a Zwick & I. Sivec 1980)
* Neoperla harpi (M. R. Ernst & K. W. Stewart, a M. R. Ernst, B. C. Poulton & K. W. Stewart 1986)
* Neoperla harrisi (Stark & D. L. Lentz, 1988)
* Neoperla hatakeyamae (Okamoto, 1912)
* Neoperla hemiphaea (Navàs, 1936)
* Neoperla hermosa (Banks, 1924)
* Neoperla hieroglyphica (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla hoabinhica (Navàs, 1932)
* Neoperla hubbsi (Ricker, 1952)
* Neoperla hubleyi (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla idella (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla ignatiana (Navàs, 1923)
* Neoperla illiesi (Zwick, 1983)
* Neoperla incerta (Klapálek, 1921)
* Neoperla indica (Needham, 1909)
* Neoperla inexspectata (Zwick, 1980)
* Neoperla infuscata (Wu, 1935)
* Neoperla jacobsoni (Klapálek, 1910)
* Neoperla jewetti (I. Sivec, 1984)
* Neoperla kachin (Stark & S. W. Szczytko, 1980)
* Neoperla katmanduana (Harper, 1977)
* Neoperla klapaleki (Banks, 1937)
* Neoperla lacunosa (Navàs, 1926)
* Neoperla lahu (Stark, 1983)
* Neoperla laminulata (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla laotica (Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla latamaculata (Du, 2005)
* Neoperla laticeps (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla lebangina (Navàs, 1929)
* Neoperla leigongshana (Du & Wang, 2007)
* Neoperla leptacantha (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla leptophallus (Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla lieftincki (Zwick, 1983)
* Neoperla lii (Du, 1999)
* Neoperla limbatella (Navàs, 1933)
* Neoperla longinqua (Navàs, 1911)
* Neoperla longispina (Wu, 1937)
* Neoperla longwangshana (D. Yang & C. Yang, 1998)
* Neoperla lui (Du & Sivec, 2004)
* Neoperla lushana (Wu, 1935)
* Neoperla luteola (Burmeister, 1839)
* Neoperla magisterchoui (Du, 2000)
* Neoperla mainensis (Banks, 1948)
* Neoperla malleus (Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla maolanensis (D. Yang & J. Yang, 1993)
* Neoperla melanocephala (Navàs, 1931)
* Neoperla melzeri (Navàs, 1932)
* Neoperla microtumida (Wu & Claassen, 1934)
* Neoperla minor (Chu, 1929)
* Neoperla minutissima (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla mnong (Stark, 1987)
* Neoperla moesta (Banks, 1939)
* Neoperla monacha (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla montivaga (Zwick, 1977)
* Neoperla multidentata (Wu, 1962)
* Neoperla multilobata (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla multispinosa (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla naviculata (Klapálek, 1909)
** Neoperla naviculata crux (Zwick, 1986)
** Neoperla naviculata naviculata (Klapálek, 1909)
* Neoperla nebulosa (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla nigra (I. Sivec, 1984)
* Neoperla nigroflavata (Wu, 1948)
* Neoperla niponnensis (McLachlan, 1875)
* Neoperla nishidai (I. Sivec, 1984)
* Neoperla nitida (Kimmins, 1950)
* Neoperla nova (Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla obliqua (Banks, 1913)
* Neoperla obscura (Zwick, 1981)
* Neoperla obscurofulva (Wu, 1962)
* Neoperla occipitalis (Pictet, 1841)
* Neoperla ochracea (Zwick, 1981)
* Neoperla oculata (Banks, 1924)
* Neoperla ohausiana (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla osage (Stark & D. L. Lentz, 1988)
* Neoperla pallescens (Banks, 1937)
* Neoperla pallicornis (Banks, 1937)
* Neoperla parva (Banks, 1939)
* Neoperla paucispinosa (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla perspicillata (Zwick, a Zwick & I. Sivec 1980)
* Neoperla peterzwicki (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla philippina (I. Sivec, 1984)
* Neoperla pilosella (Klapálek, 1905)
* Neoperla pistacina (Enderlein, 1909)
* Neoperla pluvia (Uchida, 1990)
* Neoperla posticata (Banks, 1913)
* Neoperla primitiva (Geijskes, 1952)
** Neoperla primitiva inutilis (Zwick, 1973)
** Neoperla primitiva primitiva (Geijskes, 1952)
* Neoperla profunda (Navàs, 1921)
* Neoperla propinqua (Zwick, 1983)
* Neoperla pseudorecta (I. Sivec, 1984)
* Neoperla punan (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla qinglingensis (Du, 2005)
* Neoperla qingyuanensis (D. Yang & C. Yang, 1995)
* Neoperla quadrata (Wu & Claassen, 1934)
* Neoperla ramosa (Navàs, 1919)
* Neoperla recta (Banks, 1913)
* Neoperla reedi (Navàs, 1919)
* Neoperla remota (Banks, 1920)
* Neoperla reticulata (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla rigidipenis (Zwick, 1983)
* Neoperla robisoni (B. C. Poulton & K. W. Stewart, a M. R. Ernst, B. C. Poulton & K. W. Stewart, 1986)
* Neoperla rotunda (Wu, 1948)
* Neoperla rougemonti (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla sabah (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla saraburi (Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla sarawak (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla sauteri (Klapálek, 1912)
* Neoperla schlitz (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla schmidi (Aubert, 1959)
* Neoperla schmidiana (Zwick, 1981)
* Neoperla securifera (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla separanda (Zwick, 1983)
* Neoperla seriespinosa (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla serrata (Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla signatalis (Banks, 1937)
* Neoperla silvaeae (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla simplicior (Navàs, 1932)
* Neoperla sinensis (Chu, 1928)
* Neoperla sinuata (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla sitahoanensis (Sivec, a Zwick & I. Sivec 1985)
* Neoperla siveci (Zwick, a Zwick & I. Sivec 1980)
* Neoperla song (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla spinaloba (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla spinosa (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla spio (Newman, 1839)
* Neoperla starki (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla stewarti (W. P. Stark & Baumann, 1978)
* Neoperla stueberae (Zwick, 1983)
* Neoperla sumatrana (Klapálek, 1909)
* Neoperla sungi (Cao & Bae, 2007)
* Neoperla taibaina (Du, 2005)
* Neoperla taihorinensis (Klapálek, 1913)
* Neoperla taiwanica (I. Sivec & Zwick, 1987)
* Neoperla tamdao (Cao & Bae, 2007)
* Neoperla tenuispina (Klapálek, 1932)
* Neoperla teresa (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla tetrapoda (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla thai (Stark, 1983)
* Neoperla theobromae (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla tingwushanensis (Wu, 1935)
* Neoperla tortipenis (Zwick, a Zwick & I. Sivec 1980)
* Neoperla transversprojecta (Du & Sivec, 2004)
* Neoperla triangulata (Kawai, 1975)
* Neoperla trilobata (Wu, 1935)
* Neoperla trinervis (Navàs, 1934)
* Neoperla truncata (Wu, 1948)
* Neoperla tuberculata (Wu, 1937)
* Neoperla unicolor (Zwick, 1986)
* Neoperla uniformis (Banks, 1937)
* Neoperla uruguayana (Navàs, 1923)
* Neoperla ussurica (Sivec & Zhiltzova, 1996)
* Neoperla vallis (Uchida, 1990)
* Neoperla variegata (Klapálek, 1909)
* Neoperla venosa (Kimmins, 1950)
* Neoperla verna (Uchida, 1990)
* Neoperla vesperi (Zwick, 1983)
* Neoperla viscayana (Banks, 1920)
* Neoperla wagneri (I. Sivec, 1984)
* Neoperla wui (Yang, C. & D. Yang, 1990)
* Neoperla yangae (Du, a Wu & Pan 2001)
* Neoperla yao (Stark, 1987)
* Neoperla yaoshana (Li, Wang & Lu, 2011)
* Neoperla yentu (Cao & Bae, 2007)
* Neoperla zonata (Stark & Sivec, 2008)
* Neoperla zwicki (I. Sivec, 1984)

## Referències

* ↑ Needham, 1905. Proc.Biol.Soc.Wash. 18:108.
* ↑ uBio (anglès)
* ↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
* 1 2 Plecoptera Species File (Version 1.1/4.0) (anglès)
* ↑ BioLib (anglès)
* ↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
* ↑ Global Species Arxivat 2014-04-13 a Wayback Machine. (anglès)

## Bibliografia

* Banks, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38:221-224.
* Baumann, R.W., 1982. Plecoptera. A: Parker, S.P., Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms, vol. 2. McGraw-Hill. Nova York: 389-393.
* Grimaldi, D.; Engel, M. S. Evolution of the Insects (en anglès). Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 9780521821490.
* Illies, 1966. Das Tierreich 82:259, 261, 267.
* Klapálek, 1907. Rozpr. Ceské. Akad. 16(31):24.
* Klapálek, 1909. Wien. ent. Ztg. 28(7/8):216.
* Lenat, Zuellig, Kondratieff & Beaty, 2009. Illiesia 5(15):164-168.
* Needham & Claassen, 1925. The Thomas Say Foundation II:133, 287.
* Ogbogu, 2006. Illiesia 2(4):27-30.
* Sivec & Stark, 2011. Illiesia 7(24):264-279.
* Stark, 1987. Aquatic Insects 9(1):45-50.
* Stark & Sivec, 2007. Illiesia 3(7):53-64.
* Stark & Sivec, 2008. Illiesia 4(3):19-54.
* Stark & Sheldon, 2009. Illiesia 5(2):11.
* Zwick, P. Insecta: Plecoptera: phylogenetisches System und Katalog (en alemany). Walter de Gruyter, 1973. ISBN 9783110045512.
* Zwick, P., 1973. Das Tierreich 94:256, 258, 267.
* Zwick, P., 1981. Orient. Ins. 15(2):113-126.
* Zwick, P., 1983. Spixiana 6(2):167-204.
* Zwick, P., 1986. Aquatic Insects 8(1):1-53.

## Enllaços externs

* BugGuide (anglès)
* The Bornean species of the stonefly genus Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) (anglès)