# Kalifiezh an Omeiaded

Kalifiezh an Omeiaded (661–750, en arabeg ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) a oa an eil eus ar peder c'halifiezh vras diazezet goude marv Mahomed. Renet e oa ar galifiezh gant dinastiezh an Omeiaded (ٱلْأُمَوِيُّون, al-ʾUmawīyūn, pe بَنُو أُمَيَّة, Banū ʾUmayyah, "mibien Umayyah"). Othman ibn Affan (ren : 644–656), an trede eus kalifed Rashidun, a oa ezel eus ar c'hlann-se ivez. Erruout a reas an dierniezh er galloud gant Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, bet e-pad pell gouarnour Siria, a zeuas da vezañ ar c'hwec'hvet kalif goude dibenn ar Fitna kentañ e 661. Goude marv Muawiya e 680 e tigoras stourmoù da c'hounit an tron e-pad an eil Fitna ha kouezhañ a reas ar galloud etre daouarn Marwan Iañ, ezel eus ur skourr all eus ar c'hlann. Siria a chomas kreizenn galloud an Omeiaded ha Damask e oa o c'hêr-benn.
Kenderc'hel a reas an Omeiaded gant aloubadegoù ar Vuzulmaned. Lakaat a rejont lezenn an Islam da ren e Transoxiana, er Sindh, er Maghreb hag e Ledenez Iberia (Al-Andalus). Pa oa ar galifiezh en he brasañ e oa 11 100 000 km2 dindani, ar pezh a rae anezhi unan eus ar brasañ impalaeriezhoù en Istor e-keñver ar gorread. Diskaret e voe an dynastiezh er pep brasañ eus ar bed islamek gant un emsavadeg renet gant an Abbasided e 750. Ar re a chomas bev en em ziazezas e Córdoba a zeuas da vezañ, dindan stumm un emirelezh hag ur galifiezh goude-se, ur greizenn evit ar skiant, ar vezegiezh, ar brederouriezh hag an ijinadennoù er bed e-doug an Oadvezh aour islamek.
Kalifiezh an Omeiaded a renas war ur boblañs vras, enni meur a genel hag a sevenadur. Aotreet e oa ar gristenien, anezhe ar brasañ niver eus poblañs ar galifiezh c'hoazh, hag ar Yuzevien da gaout o relijion dezhe o-unan met dleet e oa dezhe paeañ un dell (ar jizia) na veze ket paet gant muzulmiz. Ret e oa d'ar re-se paeañ ar zakat, un taos a oa he fal arc'hantañ programmoù skoazell evit mad Muzulmiz. Dindan ar c'hentañ kalifed, e oa dalc'het kargoù uhel gant kristenien. Lod anezhe a oa izili eus tiegezhioù o doa servijet en gouarnamant ar Vizantiz. Implijout kristenien a oa ul lodenn eus ur politikerezh brasoc'h da lakaat ar peoc'h da ren etre ar relijionoù hag a oa hollret rak niverus-kenañ e oa ar gristenien er proviñsoù kemeret, koulz hag e Siria. Ar politikerezh-se a lakaas Mu'awiya da c'hounit brud-vat e-touez e sujidi hag a greñvaas Siria. Sellet e vez alies ouzh marevezh an Omeiaded evel ar prantad ma tiorroas an arz islamek.

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## Notennoù

* 1 2 Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3). DOI:10.1111/0020-8833.00053
* ↑ Umayyad dynasty.
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* ↑ Yalman, Suzan (October 2001). The Art of the Umayyad Period (661–750). Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.