# تنغينغ بينيين

بين سنتي 2002 و2008، كان تُنْغِيُنْغ بِينيِين النظام الرسمي في جمهورية الصين، لكتابة المندرين المعيارية في حروف لاتينية. منذ سنة 2000 حتى سنة 2002، كان النظام غير رسمي أثناء دراسته وتحضيره. صار استعمال تنغينغ بينيين متروكا منذ 01-01-2009 بعد قبول وزارة-التربية التيوانية لنظام هنيو بينيين رسميا في 16-09-2008.
يشترك هذان البينيينان —أي تنغينغ بينيين وهنيو بينيين— في هجاء كثير من الحروف بنسبة 80.53 بالمئة، يختلفان في 19.47 بالمئة منها. بيد أن الاختلاف يتسع عندما قياس توتر استعمال الهجاءات ومعدله في الأياويم العادية.

## مقارنة

هذا الجدول يعرض مقارنة بين ثلاثة أنظمة مع تردد الصوت لكل مقطع. في الجدول أيضا، علامة (+) موضوعة بجانب المقاطع المدرجة في «وَنغ (1998)» وغير المدرجة في «بينيين»:1991—أي هنيو بينيين؛ والعكس بالعكس بالنسبة لعلامة (-).
| بوبوموفو | هنيو بينيين | تنغينغ بينيين | تردد (بالمليون) |
| ㄅㄚ | ba | ba | 2359.58 |
| ㄅㄛ | bo | bo | 1429.46 |
| ㄅㄞ | bai | bai | 1128.53 |
| ㄅㄟ | bei | bei | 4395.94 |
| ㄅㄠ | bao | bao | 4966.98 |
| ㄅㄢ | ban | ban | 4279.48 |
| ㄅㄣ | ben | ben | 3460.86 |
| ㄅㄤ | bang | bang | 621.24 |
| ㄅㄥ | beng | beng | 42.28 |
| ㄅㄧ | bi | bi | 2816.03 |
| ㄅㄧㄝ | bie | bie | 1120.76 |
| ㄅㄧㄠ | biao | biao | 3395.65 |
| ㄅㄧㄢ | bian | bian | 2338.11 |
| ㄅㄧㄣ | bin | bin | 257.26 |
| ㄅㄧㄥ | bing | bing | 2298.49 |
| ㄅㄨ | bu | bu | 7293.31 |
| ㄆㄚ | pa | pa | 157.55 |
| ㄆㄛ | po | po | 668.69 |
| ㄆㄞ | pai | pai | 937.61 |
| ㄆㄟ | pei | pei | 797.54 |
| ㄆㄠ | pao | pao | 265.71 |
| ㄆㄡ | pou | pou | 29.00 |
| ㄆㄢ | pan | pan | 523.75 |
| ㄆㄣ | pen | pen | 86.21 |
| ㄆㄤ | pang | pang | 184.04 |
| ㄆㄥ | peng | peng | 571.63 |
| ㄆㄧ | pi | pi | 1010.48 |
| ㄆㄧㄝ | pie | pie | 4.73 |
| ㄆㄧㄠ | piao | piao | 603.04 |
| ㄆㄧㄢ | pian | pian | 1283.21 |
| ㄆㄧㄣ | pin | pin | 2416.41 |
| ㄆㄧㄥ | ping | ping | 1471.73 |
| ㄆㄨ | pu | pu | 580.68 |
| ㄇㄚ | ma | ma | 1800.07 |
| ㄇㄛ | mo | mo | 1670.62 |
| ㄇㄜ | me | me | 450.05 |
| ㄇㄞ | mai | mai | 906.69 |
| ㄇㄟ | mei | mei | 3653.49 |
| ㄇㄠ | mao | mao | 721.26 |
| ㄇㄡ | mou | mou | 170.07 |
| ㄇㄢ | man | man | 706.00 |
| ㄇㄣ | men | men | 2436.75 |
| ㄇㄤ | mang | mang | 177.28 |
| ㄇㄥ | meng | meng | 505.19 |
| ㄇㄧ | mi | mi | 1026.21 |
| ㄇㄧㄝ | mie | mie | 77.09 |
| ㄇㄧㄠ | miao | miao | 504.89 |
| ㄇㄧㄡ | miu | miou | 5.78 |
| ㄇㄧㄢ | mian | mian | 2150.51 |
| ㄇㄧㄣ | min | min | 2704.17 |
| ㄇㄧㄥ | ming | ming | 4690.84 |
| ㄇㄨ | mu | mu | 2726.79 |
| ㄈㄚ | fa | fa | 5527.16 |
| ㄈㄛ | fo | fo | 222.21 |
| ㄈㄟ | fei | fei | 2354.39 |
| ㄈㄡ | fou | fou | 376.75 |
| ㄈㄢ | fan | fan | 1901.17 |
| ㄈㄣ | fen | fen | 3974.63 |
| ㄈㄤ | fang | fang | 3959.34 |
| ㄈㄥ | feng | fong | 1580.03 |
| ㄈㄨ | fu | fu | 7046.83 |
| ㄉㄚ | da | da | 7342.06 |
| ㄉㄜ | de | de | 19931.43 |
| ㄉㄞ | dai | dai | 2107.21 |
| ㄉㄟ | dei | dei | 4.23 |
| ㄉㄠ | dao | dao | 5512.63 |
| ㄉㄡ | dou | dou | 750.85 |
| ㄉㄢ | dan | dan | 3169.23 |
| ㄉㄣ | den | den | 0.00 |
| ㄉㄤ | dang | dang | 2192.45 |
| ㄉㄥ | deng | deng | 2167.90 |
| ㄉㄧ | di | di | 7096.16 |
| ㄉㄧㄝ | die | die | 506.33 |
| ㄉㄧㄠ | diao | diao | 696.67 |
| ㄉㄧㄡ | diu | diou | 24.50 |
| ㄉㄧㄢ | dian | dian | 6277.49 |
| ㄉㄧㄤ(+) | diang | diang | 0.00 |
| ㄉㄧㄥ | ding | ding | 2661.91 |
| ㄉㄨ | du | du | 3013.75 |
| ㄉㄨㄛ | duo | duo | 1685.68 |
| ㄉㄨㄟ | dui | duei | 2519.08 |
| ㄉㄨㄢ | duan | duan | 1130.52 |
| ㄉㄨㄣ | dun | dun | 376.55 |
| ㄉㄨㄥ | dong | dong | 4112.81 |
| ㄊㄚ | ta | ta | 2797.14 |
| ㄊㄜ | te | te | 1169.92 |
| ㄊㄞ | tai | tai | 7028.25 |
| ㄊㄠ | tao | tao | 1967.71 |
| ㄊㄡ | tou | tou | 1769.16 |
| ㄊㄢ | tan | tan | 1067.44 |
| ㄊㄤ | tang | tang | 499.22 |
| ㄊㄥ | teng | teng | 233.24 |
| ㄊㄧ | ti | ti | 7103.74 |
| ㄊㄧㄝ | tie | tie | 640.97 |
| ㄊㄧㄠ | tiao | tiao | 1053.71 |
| ㄊㄧㄢ | tian | tian | 2922.65 |
| ㄊㄧㄥ | ting | ting | 1278.49 |
| ㄊㄨ | tu | tu | 2459.09 |
| ㄊㄨㄛ | tuo | tuo | 528.91 |
| ㄊㄨㄟ | tui | tuei | 956.46 |
| ㄊㄨㄢ | tuan | tuan | 852.74 |
| ㄊㄨㄣ | tun | tun | 96.94 |
| ㄊㄨㄥ | tong | tong | 6377.97 |
| ㄋㄚ | na | na | 1031.01 |
| ㄋㄜ | ne | ne | 206.71 |
| ㄋㄞ | nai | nai | 289.32 |
| ㄋㄟ | nei | nei | 2263.07 |
| ㄋㄠ | nao | nao | 1192.70 |
| ㄋㄡ | nou | nou | 6.42 |
| ㄋㄢ | nan | nan | 2022.66 |
| ㄋㄣ | nen | nen | 7.22 |
| ㄋㄤ | nang | nang | 31.04 |
| ㄋㄥ | neng | neng | 2011.65 |
| ㄋㄧ | ni | ni | 2372.81 |
| ㄋㄧㄚ(+) | nia | nia | 0.00 |
| ㄋㄧㄝ | nie | nie | 86.98 |
| ㄋㄧㄠ | niao | niao | 238.99 |
| ㄋㄧㄡ | niu | niou | 272.59 |
| ㄋㄧㄢ | nian | nian | 4482.49 |
| ㄋㄧㄣ | nin | nin | 1256.88 |
| ㄋㄧㄤ | niang | niang | 141.18 |
| ㄋㄧㄥ | ning | ning | 136.30 |
| ㄋㄨ | nu | nu | 141.73 |
| ㄋㄨㄛ | nuo | nuo | 134.33 |
| ㄋㄨㄢ | nuan | nuan | 40.99 |
| ㄋㄨㄣ(+) | nun | nun | 0.00 |
| ㄋㄨㄥ | nong | nong | 562.74 |
| ㄋㄩ | nü | nyu | 793.60 |
| ㄋㄩㄝ | nue | nyue | 20.50 |
| ㄌㄚ | la | la | 580.62 |
| ㄌㄛ(+) | lo | lo | 0.00 |
| ㄌㄜ | le | le | 2362.98 |
| ㄌㄞ | lai | lai | 2843.28 |
| ㄌㄟ | lei | lei | 1757.70 |
| ㄌㄠ | lao | lao | 1016.64 |
| ㄌㄡ | lou | lou | 568.25 |
| ㄌㄢ | lan | lan | 1470.52 |
| ㄌㄤ | lang | lang | 452.23 |
| ㄌㄥ | leng | leng | 220.93 |
| ㄌㄧ | li | li | 12120.99 |
| ㄌㄧㄚ | lia | lia | 8.64 |
| ㄌㄧㄝ | lie | lie | 1044.75 |
| ㄌㄧㄠ | liao | liao | 3597.37 |
| ㄌㄧㄡ | liu | liou | 3551.50 |
| ㄌㄧㄢ | lian | lian | 2720.74 |
| ㄌㄧㄣ | lin | lin | 1659.12 |
| ㄌㄧㄤ | liang | liang | 2137.76 |
| ㄌㄧㄥ | ling | ling | 1745.34 |
| ㄌㄨ | lu | lu | 5525.32 |
| ㄌㄨㄛ | luo | luo | 1209.34 |
| ㄌㄨㄢ | luan | luan | 139.83 |
| ㄌㄨㄣ | lun | lun | 2080.93 |
| ㄌㄨㄥ | long | long | 1653.36 |
| ㄌㄩ | lü | lyu | 1622.03 |
| ㄌㄩㄝ | lue | lyue | 218.73 |
| ㄌㄩㄢ(+) | lüan | lyuan | 6.12 |
| ㄌㄩㄣ(+) | lün | lyuen | 0.00 |
| ㄍㄚ | ga | ga | 152.86 |
| ㄍㄜ | ge | ge | 3715.34 |
| ㄍㄞ | gai | gai | 1520.29 |
| ㄍㄟ | gei | gei | 629.32 |
| ㄍㄠ | gao | gao | 3541.46 |
| ㄍㄡ | gou | gou | 1685.21 |
| ㄍㄢ | gan | gan | 1257.29 |
| ㄍㄣ | gen | gen | 495.59 |
| ㄍㄤ | gang | gang | 957.84 |
| ㄍㄥ | geng | geng | 832.25 |
| ㄍㄨ | gu | gu | 3666.04 |
| ㄍㄨㄚ | gua | gua | 311.62 |
| ㄍㄨㄛ | guo | guo | 10246.22 |
| ㄍㄨㄞ | guai | guai | 181.87 |
| ㄍㄨㄟ | gui | guei | 2086.97 |
| ㄍㄨㄢ | guan | guan | 6377.28 |
| ㄍㄨㄣ | gun | gun | 69.37 |
| ㄍㄨㄤ | guang | guang | 1899.77 |
| ㄍㄨㄥ | gong | gong | 11237.59 |
| ㄎㄚ | ka | ka | 690.72 |
| ㄎㄜ | ke | ke | 7515.69 |
| ㄎㄞ | kai | kai | 1946.70 |
| ㄎㄟ(-) | kei | kei | N/A |
| ㄎㄠ | kao | kao | 953.87 |
| ㄎㄡ | kou | kou | 918.41 |
| ㄎㄢ | kan | kan | 1857.01 |
| ㄎㄣ | ken | ken | 130.62 |
| ㄎㄤ | kang | kang | 605.73 |
| ㄎㄥ | keng | keng | 41.03 |
| ㄎㄨ | ku | ku | 829.99 |
| ㄎㄨㄚ | kua | kua | 110.55 |
| ㄎㄨㄛ | kuo | kuo | 393.99 |
| ㄎㄨㄞ | kuai | kuai | 1970.60 |
| ㄎㄨㄟ | kui | kuei | 197.10 |
| ㄎㄨㄢ | kuan | kuan | 442.06 |
| ㄎㄨㄣ | kun | kun | 227.28 |
| ㄎㄨㄤ | kuang | kuang | 581.38 |
| ㄎㄨㄥ | kong | kong | 1198.23 |
| ㄏㄚ | ha | ha | 146.59 |
| ㄏㄜ | he | he | 4211.02 |
| ㄏㄞ | hai | hai | 1919.42 |
| ㄏㄟ | hei | hei | 210.42 |
| ㄏㄠ | hao | hao | 3041.36 |
| ㄏㄡ | hou | hou | 2339.80 |
| ㄏㄢ | han | han | 977.45 |
| ㄏㄣ | hen | hen | 656.63 |
| ㄏㄤ | hang | hang | 1470.42 |
| ㄏㄥ | heng | heng | 235.07 |
| ㄏㄨ | hu | hu | 3015.18 |
| ㄏㄨㄚ | hua | hua | 6820.85 |
| ㄏㄨㄛ | huo | huo | 5396.50 |
| ㄏㄨㄞ | huai | huai | 266.45 |
| ㄏㄨㄟ | hui | huei | 10041.91 |
| ㄏㄨㄢ | huan | huan | 2098.06 |
| ㄏㄨㄣ | hun | hun | 319.50 |
| ㄏㄨㄤ | huang | huang | 750.47 |
| ㄏㄨㄥ | hong | hong | 740.60 |
| ㄐㄧ | ji | ji | 22840.51 |
| ㄐㄧㄚ | jia | jia | 6250.78 |
| ㄐㄧㄝ | jie | jie | 7783.01 |
| ㄐㄧㄠ | jiao | jiao | 6691.18 |
| ㄐㄧㄡ | jiu | jiou | 4910.11 |
| ㄐㄧㄢ | jian | jian | 9647.90 |
| ㄐㄧㄣ | jin | jin | 5874.93 |
| ㄐㄧㄤ | jiang | jiang | 2561.36 |
| ㄐㄧㄥ | jing | jing | 5604.26 |
| ㄐㄩ | ju | jyu | 3807.36 |
| ㄐㄩㄝ | jue | jue | 1334.81 |
| ㄐㄩㄢ | juan | juan | 435.92 |
| ㄐㄩㄣ | jun | jun | 1047.28 |
| ㄐㄩㄥ | jiong | jyong | 29.36 |
| ㄑㄧ | qi | ci | 9052.67 |
| ㄑㄧㄚ | qia | cia | 111.88 |
| ㄑㄧㄝ | qie | cie | 781.45 |
| ㄑㄧㄠ | qiao | ciao | 556.52 |
| ㄑㄧㄡ | qiu | ciou | 2610.67 |
| ㄑㄧㄢ | qian | cian | 3968.92 |
| ㄑㄧㄣ | qin | cin | 657.88 |
| ㄑㄧㄤ | qiang | ciang | 822.62 |
| ㄑㄧㄥ | qing | cing | 5419.93 |
| ㄑㄩ | qu | cyu | 3137.85 |
| ㄑㄩㄝ | que | cyue | 868.15 |
| ㄑㄩㄢ | quan | cyuan | 4122.75 |
| ㄑㄩㄣ | qun | cyun | 313.24 |
| ㄑㄩㄥ | qiong | cyong | 72.09 |
| ㄒㄧ | xi | si | 7551.00 |
| ㄒㄧㄚ | xia | sia | 3249.39 |
| ㄒㄧㄝ | xie | sie | 3168.93 |
| ㄒㄧㄠ | xiao | siao | 6285.61 |
| ㄒㄧㄡ | xiu | siou | 1349.90 |
| ㄒㄧㄢ | xian | sian | 9178.13 |
| ㄒㄧㄣ | xin | sin | 9231.31 |
| ㄒㄧㄤ | xiang | siang | 7739.87 |
| ㄒㄧㄥ | xing | sing | 8654.10 |
| ㄒㄩ | xu | syu | 2832.48 |
| ㄒㄩㄝ | xue | syue | 7620.38 |
| ㄒㄩㄢ | xuan | syuan | 2136.90 |
| ㄒㄩㄣ | xun | syun | 5596.95 |
| ㄒㄩㄥ | xiong | syong | 1076.11 |
| ㄓ | zhi | jhih | 17309.38 |
| ㄓㄚ | zha | jha | 282.60 |
| ㄓㄜ | zhe | jhe | 4856.04 |
| ㄓㄞ | zhai | jhai | 411.82 |
| ㄓㄟ | zhei | jhei | 0.00 |
| ㄓㄠ | zhao | jhao | 1772.56 |
| ㄓㄡ | zhou | jhou | 1219.69 |
| ㄓㄢ | zhan | jhan | 3653.67 |
| ㄓㄣ | zhen | jhen | 2513.34 |
| ㄓㄤ | zhang | jhang | 4636.13 |
| ㄓㄥ | zheng | jheng | 6225.17 |
| ㄓㄨ | zhu | jhu | 6151.61 |
| ㄓㄨㄚ | zhua | jhua | 47.55 |
| ㄓㄨㄛ | zhuo | jhuo | 264.24 |
| ㄓㄨㄞ | zhuai | jhuai | 0.46 |
| ㄓㄨㄟ | zhui | jhuei | 194.58 |
| ㄓㄨㄢ | zhuan | jhuan | 2448.44 |
| ㄓㄨㄣ | zhun | jhun | 554.77 |
| ㄓㄨㄤ | zhuang | jhuang | 1171.97 |
| ㄓㄨㄥ | zhong | jhong | 10480.33 |
| ㄔ | chi | chih | 1182.59 |
| ㄔㄚ | cha | cha | 1860.84 |
| ㄔㄜ | che | che | 822.93 |
| ㄔㄞ | chai | chai | 123.99 |
| ㄔㄠ | chao | chao | 680.76 |
| ㄔㄡ | chou | chou | 289.78 |
| ㄔㄢ | chan | chan | 2169.10 |
| ㄔㄣ | chen | chen | 1030.23 |
| ㄔㄤ | chang | chang | 4175.61 |
| ㄔㄥ | cheng | cheng | 6408.07 |
| ㄔㄨ | chu | chu | 5551.19 |
| ㄔㄨㄚ | chua | chua | 0.00 |
| ㄔㄨㄛ | chuo | chuo | 28.75 |
| ㄔㄨㄞ | chuai | chuai | 167.74 |
| ㄔㄨㄟ | chui | chuei | 110.52 |
| ㄔㄨㄢ | chuan | chuan | 1238.04 |
| ㄔㄨㄣ | chun | chun | 396.60 |
| ㄔㄨㄤ | chuang | chuang | 723.79 |
| ㄔㄨㄥ | chong | chong | 788.79 |
| ㄕ | shi | shih | 31869.21 |
| ㄕㄚ | sha | sha | 435.67 |
| ㄕㄜ | she | she | 4658.44 |
| ㄕㄞ | shai | shai | 32.98 |
| ㄕㄟ | shei | shei | 106.86 |
| ㄕㄠ | shao | shao | 1254.61 |
| ㄕㄡ | shou | shou | 5053.88 |
| ㄕㄢ | shan | shan | 2089.78 |
| ㄕㄣ | shen | shen | 2762.59 |
| ㄕㄤ | shang | shang | 6808.37 |
| ㄕㄥ | sheng | sheng | 5445.43 |
| ㄕㄨ | shu | shu | 7393.01 |
| ㄕㄨㄚ | shua | shua | 128.83 |
| ㄕㄨㄛ | shuo | shuo | 842.13 |
| ㄕㄨㄞ | shuai | shuai | 76.54 |
| ㄕㄨㄟ | shui | shuei | 1816.21 |
| ㄕㄨㄢ | shuan | shuan | 11.59 |
| ㄕㄨㄣ | shun | shun | 241.96 |
| ㄕㄨㄤ | shuang | shuang | 358.10 |
| ㄕㄨㄥ(+) | shong | shong | 0.00 |
| ㄖ | ri | rih | 3361.89 |
| ㄖㄜ | re | re | 700.18 |
| ㄖㄠ | rao | rao | 113.67 |
| ㄖㄡ | rou | rou | 220.59 |
| ㄖㄢ | ran | ran | 1564.02 |
| ㄖㄣ | ren | ren | 7774.91 |
| ㄖㄤ | rang | rang | 703.23 |
| ㄖㄥ | reng | reng | 264.94 |
| ㄖㄨ | ru | ru | 3529.52 |
| ㄖㄨㄛ | ruo | ruo | 165.89 |
| ㄖㄨㄟ | rui | ruei | 272.47 |
| ㄖㄨㄢ | ruan | ruan | 1515.70 |
| ㄖㄨㄣ | run | run | 38.96 |
| ㄖㄨㄥ | rong | rong | 1909.16 |
| ㄗ | zi | zih | 11943.13 |
| ㄗㄚ | za | za | 337.07 |
| ㄗㄜ | ze | ze | 1840.57 |
| ㄗㄞ | zai | zai | 6088.03 |
| ㄗㄟ | zei | zei | 5.77 |
| ㄗㄠ | zao | zao | 1293.46 |
| ㄗㄡ | zou | zou | 460.54 |
| ㄗㄢ | zan | zan | 101.42 |
| ㄗㄣ | zen | zen | 44.26 |
| ㄗㄤ | zang | zang | 175.50 |
| ㄗㄥ | zeng | zeng | 906.59 |
| ㄗㄨ | zu | zu | 1892.33 |
| ㄗㄨㄛ | zuo | zuo | 4121.27 |
| ㄗㄨㄟ | zui | zuei | 1755.94 |
| ㄗㄨㄢ | zuan | zuan | 59.41 |
| ㄗㄨㄣ | zun | zun | 140.61 |
| ㄗㄨㄥ | zong | zong | 2276.89 |
| ㄘ | ci | cih | 2772.11 |
| ㄘㄚ | ca | ca | 27.60 |
| ㄘㄜ | ce | ce | 1154.92 |
| ㄘㄞ | cai | cai | 2739.80 |
| ㄘㄠ | cao | cao | 434.68 |
| ㄘㄡ | cou | cou | 8.62 |
| ㄘㄢ | can | can | 1277.01 |
| ㄘㄣ | cen | cen | 7.45 |
| ㄘㄤ | cang | cang | 185.14 |
| ㄘㄥ | ceng | ceng | 311.68 |
| ㄘㄨ | cu | cu | 236.02 |
| ㄘㄨㄛ | cuo | cuo | 351.57 |
| ㄘㄨㄟ | cui | cuei | 135.32 |
| ㄘㄨㄢ | cuan | cuan | 13.64 |
| ㄘㄨㄣ | cun | cun | 799.99 |
| ㄘㄨㄥ | cong | cong | 368.96 |
| ㄙ | si | sih | 5828.46 |
| ㄙㄚ | sa | sa | 125.30 |
| ㄙㄜ | se | se | 873.30 |
| ㄙㄞ | sai | sai | 303.53 |
| ㄙㄟ(+) | sei | sei | 0.00 |
| ㄙㄠ | sao | sao | 146.59 |
| ㄙㄡ | sou | sou | 382.38 |
| ㄙㄢ | san | san | 2234.46 |
| ㄙㄣ | sen | sen | 148.64 |
| ㄙㄤ | sang | sang | 57.41 |
| ㄙㄥ | seng | seng | 24.99 |
| ㄙㄨ | su | su | 1587.62 |
| ㄙㄨㄛ | suo | suo | 3874.02 |
| ㄙㄨㄟ | sui | suei | 910.38 |
| ㄙㄨㄢ | suan | suan | 664.40 |
| ㄙㄨㄣ | sun | sun | 296.57 |
| ㄙㄨㄥ | song | song | 740.32 |
| ㄚ | a | a | 482.86 |
| ㄛ | o | o | 216.90 |
| ㄜ | e | e | 892.68 |
| ㄝ | e | e | 0.00 |
| ㄞ | ai | ai | 949.28 |
| ㄟ | ei | ei | 0.00 |
| ㄠ | ao | ao | 342.16 |
| ㄡ | ou | ou | 1473.48 |
| ㄢ | an | an | 2712.89 |
| ㄣ | en | en | 146.71 |
| ㄤ | ang | ang | 23.80 |
| ㄥ | eng | eng | 33.70 |
| ㄦ | er | er | 4966.24 |
| ㄧ | yi | yi | 19322.27 |
| ㄧㄚ | ya | ya | 1408.81 |
| ㄧㄛ | yo | yo | 23.37 |
| ㄧㄝ | ye | ye | 9863.82 |
| ㄧㄞ(+) | yai | yai | 8.38 |
| ㄧㄠ | yao | yao | 3754.93 |
| ㄧㄡ | you | you | 11351.44 |
| ㄧㄢ | yan | yan | 6534.97 |
| ㄧㄣ | yin | yin | 4376.57 |
| ㄧㄤ | yang | yang | 3466.52 |
| ㄧㄥ | ying | ying | 6135.64 |
| ㄨ | wu | wu | 9481.71 |
| ㄨㄚ | wa | wa | 200.72 |
| ㄨㄛ | wo | wo | 3802.92 |
| ㄨㄞ | wai | wai | 1618.26 |
| ㄨㄟ | wei | wei | 10174.16 |
| ㄨㄢ | wan | wan | 4202.58 |
| ㄨㄣ | wen | wun | 7884.69 |
| ㄨㄤ | wang | wang | 6413.38 |
| ㄨㄥ | weng | wong | 49.99 |
| ㄩ | yu | yu | 10639.33 |
| ㄩㄝ | yue | yue | 4434.27 |
| ㄩㄢ | yuan | yuan | 11428.22 |
| ㄩㄣ | yun | yun | 1417.61 |
| ㄩㄥ | yong | yong | 4750.43 |

## مراجع

* ↑ "Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009". Taipei Times. 18 سبتمبر 2008. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-06-12.
* ↑ "Gov't to improve English-friendly environment". The China Post. 18 سبتمبر 2008. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-07-07.
* ↑ "Similarities Between Tongyong Pinyin and Hanyu Pinyin: Comparisons at the Syllable and Word Levels". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-18. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |الأول= يفتقد |الأخير= (مساعدة)
* ↑ Wang, H.-M. (1998). Statistical analysis of Mandarin acoustic units and automatic extraction of phonetically rich sentences based upon a very large Chinese text corpus. Computational Linguistics & Chinese Language Processing, 3, 93-114.
* ↑ Zhuyin, Hanyu Pinyin, and Tongyong Pinyin Cross-Reference Table; With Syllable Frequency Counts نسخة محفوظة 17 سبتمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

## وصلات خارجية

* Halpern, Jack (春遍雀來) The Challenges and Pitfalls of Arabic Romanization and Arabization. The CJK Dictionary Institute, Inc. (日中韓辭典研究所) 34-14, 2-chome, Tohoku, Niiza-shi, Saitama 352-0001, Japan
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