OpenFinArena/FinDeepIndicator huggingface dataset:
Question: Comparing the maximum of NOPAT from 2022 to 2024, what is the ratio of Iron Mountain to Zebra Technologies? (Indicator unit: $; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes
Iron Mountain,2022,631638000.0,482673000.0,99631000.0
Iron Mountain,2023,227206000.0,512446000.0,89599000.0
Iron Mountain,2024,244538000.0,721559000.0,90742000.0
Zebra Technologies,2022,544000000.0,58000000.0,81000000.0
Zebra Technologies,2023,334000000.0,111000000.0,38000000.0
Zebra Technologies,2024,635000000.0,55000000.0,107000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,NOPAT
Iron Mountain,2022,938545895.2390451
Iron Mountain,2023,447969211.92222035
Iron Mountain,2024,607602312.1641626
Zebra Technologies,2022,512363970.58823526
Zebra Technologies,2023,394371257.48502994
Zebra Technologies,2024,573732283.464567

Answer: 1.6359
Question: What is the ratio of Aflac to Marsh McLennan in terms of the CAGR of NOPAT from 2018 to 2022? (Indicator unit: $; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes
Aflac,2018,3983000000.0,222000000.0,998000000.0
Aflac,2019,4445000000.0,228000000.0,1384000000.0
Aflac,2020,4159000000.0,242000000.0,800000000.0
Aflac,2021,5322000000.0,238000000.0,880000000.0
Aflac,2022,4604000000.0,226000000.0,961000000.0
Marsh McLennan,2018,2244000000.0,290000000.0,574000000.0
Marsh McLennan,2019,2439000000.0,524000000.0,666000000.0
Marsh McLennan,2020,2793000000.0,515000000.0,747000000.0
Marsh McLennan,2021,4208000000.0,444000000.0,1034000000.0
Marsh McLennan,2022,4082000000.0,469000000.0,995000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,NOPAT
Aflac,2018,3151374592.0160685
Aflac,2019,3218009673.7907763
Aflac,2020,3554450348.6415005
Aflac,2021,4640646373.54378
Aflac,2022,3821826672.4587317
Marsh McLennan,2018,1885819964.349376
Marsh McLennan,2019,2153915129.1512914
Marsh McLennan,2020,2423261009.6670246
Marsh McLennan,2021,3508899239.5437264
Marsh McLennan,2022,3441679813.8167567

Answer: 0.3044
Question: From 2019 to 2023, how does the CAGR of NOPAT for Motorola Solutions compare to FactSet as a ratio? (Indicator unit: $; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes
Motorola Solutions,2019,1001000000.0,221000000.0,130000000.0
Motorola Solutions,2020,1174000000.0,217000000.0,221000000.0
Motorola Solutions,2021,1552000000.0,207000000.0,302000000.0
Motorola Solutions,2022,1515000000.0,226000000.0,148000000.0
Motorola Solutions,2023,2146000000.0,234000000.0,432000000.0
FactSet,2019,421965000.0,19509000.0,69175000.0
FactSet,2020,427134000.0,12876000.0,54196000.0
FactSet,2021,467617000.0,8021000.0,68027000.0
FactSet,2022,443594000.0,29525000.0,46677000.0
FactSet,2023,583954000.0,76524000.0,115781000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,NOPAT
FactSet,2019,369100784.33045393
FactSet,2020,384180255.7979463
FactSet,2021,406444137.87351614
FactSet,2022,423335243.76569563
FactSet,2023,529524528.80535114
Motorola Solutions,2019,1063298701.2987013
Motorola Solutions,2020,1129150766.6098807
Motorola Solutions,2021,1416720360.8247423
Motorola Solutions,2022,1570922112.2112212
Motorola Solutions,2023,1900894687.7912395

Answer: 1.6555
Question: Over 2020-2022, what is the ratio of Hubbell Incorporated to Edwards Lifesciences for the maximum of NOPAT? (Indicator unit: $; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes
Hubbell Incorporated,2020,453500000.0,60300000.0,97500000.0
Hubbell Incorporated,2021,459300000.0,16800000.0,88200000.0
Hubbell Incorporated,2022,657000000.0,0.0,140200000.0
Edwards Lifesciences,2020,916700000.0,15800000.0,93300000.0
Edwards Lifesciences,2021,1702000000.0,18400000.0,198900000.0
Edwards Lifesciences,2022,1767400000.0,19200000.0,245500000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,NOPAT
Edwards Lifesciences,2020,837591905.7488818
Edwards Lifesciences,2021,1519349729.7297297
Edwards Lifesciences,2022,1538433031.5718005
Hubbell Incorporated,2020,403335832.41455346
Hubbell Incorporated,2021,384673873.28543437
Hubbell Incorporated,2022,516800000.0

Answer: 0.3359
Question: Calculate the CAGR of NOPAT for Becton Dickinson and Cintas separately from 2022 to 2024, and compute the ratio of Becton Dickinson to Cintas. (Indicator unit: $; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes
Becton Dickinson,2022,1783000000.0,398000000.0,148000000.0
Becton Dickinson,2023,1662000000.0,452000000.0,132000000.0
Becton Dickinson,2024,2005000000.0,528000000.0,300000000.0
Cintas,2022,1498768000.0,88844000.0,263011000.0
Cintas,2023,1693148000.0,111232000.0,345138000.0
Cintas,2024,1973635000.0,100740000.0,402043000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,NOPAT
Becton Dickinson,2022,1999963544.5877733
Becton Dickinson,2023,1946101083.032491
Becton Dickinson,2024,2153997506.234414
Cintas,2022,1309010228.5904157
Cintas,2023,1436568028.193637
Cintas,2024,1651810570.3435538

Answer: 0.3064
Question: Among Steris, Adobe Inc., Intel, ResMed, how much lower is the Gross Margin for the top company compared to the second place in 2019? (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Revenue - COGS) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
Steris,2019,3030895000.0,1710972000.0
Adobe Inc.,2019,11171297000.0,1672720000.0
Intel,2019,71965000000.0,29825000000.0
ResMed,2019,2606572000.0,1069987000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Gross Margin
Adobe Inc.,2019,85.02662672024564
Intel,2019,58.55624261793928
ResMed,2019,58.95041456748557
Steris,2019,43.54895171228301

Answer: 15.0073
Question: Among State Street Corporation, Jacobs Solutions, F5, Amcor, what is the gap in Gross Margin between the highest-ranked company and the runner-up in 2022? (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Revenue - COGS) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
State Street Corporation,2022,12148000000.0,4428000000.0
Jacobs Solutions,2022,14922825000.0,11595785000.0
F5,2022,2695845000.0,539627000.0
Amcor,2022,14544000000.0,11724000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Gross Margin
Amcor,2022,19.389438943894387
F5,2022,79.98301089268857
Jacobs Solutions,2022,22.29497430948899
State Street Corporation,2022,63.54955548238394

Answer: 16.4335
Question: In 2019, within Mondelez International, Fifth Third Bancorp, Omnicom Group, Generac, Advanced Micro Devices, by how much does the company with the lowest Gross Margin differ from the second-ranked company? (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Revenue - COGS) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
Mondelez International,2019,25868000000.0,15531000000.0
Fifth Third Bancorp,2019,565000000.0,2001000000.0
Omnicom Group,2019,14953700000.0,12194000000.0
Generac,2019,2204336000.0,1406584000.0
Advanced Micro Devices,2019,6731000000.0,3863000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Gross Margin
Advanced Micro Devices,2019,42.608824840291184
Fifth Third Bancorp,2019,-254.15929203539824
Generac,2019,36.19012709496193
Mondelez International,2019,39.960569042832844
Omnicom Group,2019,18.45496432321098

Answer: 272.6143
Question: For Gross Margin in 2022, what is the difference between the top and second-place companies among Blackstone Inc., Nucor, Ingersoll Rand, PPL Corporation? (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Revenue - COGS) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
Blackstone Inc.,2022,8517673000.0,3532454000.0
Nucor,2022,41512467000.0,29009187000.0
Ingersoll Rand,2022,5916300000.0,3590700000.0
PPL Corporation,2022,7902000000.0,2398000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Gross Margin
Blackstone Inc.,2022,58.52794536723821
Ingersoll Rand,2022,39.30835150347345
Nucor,2022,30.119337402905977
PPL Corporation,2022,69.65325234117945

Answer: 11.1253
Question: Among Qualcomm, Idexx Laboratories, Universal Health Services, calculate the margin between the lowest-Gross Margin company and the second-place company in 2017. (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Revenue - COGS) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
Qualcomm,2017,22291000000.0,9792000000.0
Idexx Laboratories,2017,1969058000.0,871676000.0
Universal Health Services,2017,10409865000.0,4980637000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Gross Margin
Idexx Laboratories,2017,55.731319239961444
Qualcomm,2017,56.0719572921807
Universal Health Services,2017,52.15464369614784

Answer: 3.5767
Question: Among ServiceNow, Accenture, Ecolab, Norfolk Southern, Texas Instruments, how much lower is the EBIT Margin for the top company compared to the second place in 2022? (Unit: %; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: EBIT / Revenue * 100% = (Pretax Income + Interest Expense) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense
ServiceNow,2022,7245000000.0,399000000.0,27000000.0
Accenture,2022,61594305000.0,9196167000.0,47320000.0
Ecolab,2022,14187800000.0,1343400000.0,222400000.0
Norfolk Southern,2022,12745000000.0,4130000000.0,692000000.0
Texas Instruments,2022,20028000000.0,10032000000.0,214000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBIT Margin
Accenture,2022,15.007048135375504
Ecolab,2022,11.036242405446933
Norfolk Southern,2022,37.83444488034524
ServiceNow,2022,5.879917184265011
Texas Instruments,2022,51.15837827042141

Answer: 5.1563
Question: Among Citigroup, AES Corporation, Ralph Lauren Corporation, DuPont, CBRE Group, what is the gap in EBIT Margin between the lowest-ranked company and the runner-up in 2025? (Unit: %; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: EBIT / Revenue * 100% = (Pretax Income + Interest Expense) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense
Citigroup,2025,85225000000.0,19828000000.0,83072000000.0
AES Corporation,2025,12233000000.0,75000000.0,1407000000.0
Ralph Lauren Corporation,2025,8114500000.0,1177700000.0,54200000.0
DuPont,2025,6849000000.0,200000000.0,313000000.0
CBRE Group,2025,40550000000.0,1594000000.0,216000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBIT Margin
AES Corporation,2025,12.114771519659936
CBRE Group,2025,4.463625154130703
Citigroup,2025,120.73921971252565
DuPont,2025,7.490144546649145
Ralph Lauren Corporation,2025,15.18146527820568

Answer: 3.0265
Question: In 2025, within Brown & Brown, DaVita, Pfizer, by how much does the company with the highest EBIT Margin differ from the second-ranked company? (Unit: %; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: EBIT / Revenue * 100% = (Pretax Income + Interest Expense) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense
Brown & Brown,2025,5902000000.0,1371000000.0,297000000.0
DaVita,2025,13643069000.0,1346823000.0,579926000.0
Pfizer,2025,62579000000.0,7520000000.0,2739000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBIT Margin
Brown & Brown,2025,28.26160623517452
DaVita,2025,14.122548233099167
Pfizer,2025,16.393678390514392

Answer: 11.8679
Question: For EBIT Margin in 2020, what is the difference between the top and second-place companies among Parker Hannifin, Howmet Aerospace, Amazon, Coterra? (Unit: %; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: EBIT / Revenue * 100% = (Pretax Income + Interest Expense) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense
Parker Hannifin,2020,13695520000.0,1512627000.0,308161000.0
Howmet Aerospace,2020,5259000000.0,171000000.0,381000000.0
Amazon,2020,386064000000.0,24178000000.0,1647000000.0
Coterra,2020,1405220000.0,241123000.0,2961000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBIT Margin
Amazon,2020,6.689305400140909
Coterra,2020,17.36980686298231
Howmet Aerospace,2020,10.496292070735882
Parker Hannifin,2020,13.294770844772597

Answer: 3.807
Question: Among CVS Health, Linde plc, Edwards Lifesciences, Tapestry, calculate the margin between the lowest-EBIT Margin company and the second-place company in 2019. (Unit: %; Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: EBIT / Revenue * 100% = (Pretax Income + Interest Expense) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense
CVS Health,2019,256776000000.0,8997000000.0,3035000000.0
Linde plc,2019,28228000000.0,2927000000.0,275000000.0
Edwards Lifesciences,2019,4348000000.0,1166500000.0,20700000.0
Tapestry,2019,6027100000.0,766200000.0,45400000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBIT Margin
CVS Health,2019,4.68579618032838
Edwards Lifesciences,2019,27.304507819687213
Linde plc,2019,11.343347031316425
Tapestry,2019,13.465845929219691

Answer: 6.6576
Question: Among PTC Inc., Invesco, Amazon, how much higher is the EBITDA Margin for the top company compared to the second place in 2024? (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Pretax Income + Interest Expense + D&A) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,Depreciation & Amortization
PTC Inc.,2024,2298472000.0,468962000.0,119653000.0,108119000.0
Invesco,2024,6067000000.0,1005300000.0,58000000.0,179600000.0
Amazon,2024,637959000000.0,68614000000.0,2406000000.0,52795000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBITDA Margin
Amazon,2024,19.407987033649498
Invesco,2024,20.48623701994396
PTC Inc.,2024,30.312920931819054

Answer: 9.8267
Question: Among Jack Henry & Associates, Amgen, Caterpillar Inc., what is the gap in EBITDA Margin between the highest-ranked company and the runner-up in 2024? (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Pretax Income + Interest Expense + D&A) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,Depreciation & Amortization
Jack Henry & Associates,2024,2215543000.0,498019000.0,16384000.0,46342000.0
Amgen,2024,33424000000.0,4609000000.0,3155000000.0,5592000000.0
Caterpillar Inc.,2024,64809000000.0,13373000000.0,1286000000.0,2153000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBITDA Margin
Amgen,2024,39.9593106749641
Caterpillar Inc.,2024,25.940841549784754
Jack Henry & Associates,2024,25.309596789590632

Answer: 14.0185
Question: In 2025, within First Solar, Match Group, EPAM Systems, NRG Energy, Caterpillar Inc., by how much does the company with the highest EBITDA Margin differ from the second-ranked company? (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Pretax Income + Interest Expense + D&A) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,Depreciation & Amortization
First Solar,2025,5219376000.0,1580913000.0,44131000.0,529216000.0
Match Group,2025,3487197000.0,746003000.0,147551000.0,67112000.0
EPAM Systems,2025,5457056000.0,505624000.0,1397000.0,124811000.0
NRG Energy,2025,30713000000.0,1134000000.0,741000000.0,1406000000.0
Caterpillar Inc.,2025,67589000000.0,11541000000.0,1359000000.0,2262000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBITDA Margin
Caterpillar Inc.,2025,22.43264436520736
EPAM Systems,2025,11.578257580644216
First Solar,2025,41.274282596233725
Match Group,2025,27.548371944573248
NRG Energy,2025,10.682772767232116

Answer: 13.7259
Question: For EBITDA Margin in 2021, what is the difference between the top and second-place companies among Colgate-Palmolive, Textron, Diamondback Energy, Cigna? (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Pretax Income + Interest Expense + D&A) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,DepreciationExpense,AmortizationOfIntangibles
Colgate-Palmolive,2021,17421000000.0,3087000000.0,194000000.0,556000000.0,0.0
Textron,2021,12382000000.0,873000000.0,142000000.0,390000000.0,0.0
Diamondback Energy,2021,6747000000.0,2907000000.0,199000000.0,1275000000.0,0.0
Cigna,2021,174078000000.0,6782000000.0,1253000000.0,2923000000.0,1998000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBITDA Margin
Cigna,2021,7.442640655338412
Colgate-Palmolive,2021,22.025142069915617
Diamondback Energy,2021,64.9325626204239
Textron,2021,11.347116782426102

Answer: 3.9045
Question: Among Amgen, Synopsys, Salesforce, calculate the margin between the lowest-EBITDA Margin company and the second-place company in 2022. (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: (Pretax Income + Interest Expense + D&A) / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,Depreciation & Amortization
Amgen,2022,26323000000.0,7346000000.0,1406000000.0,3417000000.0
Synopsys,2022,5081542000.0,1115514000.0,1258000.0,228405000.0
Salesforce,2022,31352000000.0,660000000.0,275000000.0,3786000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,EBITDA Margin
Amgen,2022,46.229533107928425
Salesforce,2022,15.058050523092625
Synopsys,2022,26.471826858855046

Answer: 11.4138
Question: Among Paycom, Tapestry, GE Aerospace, Lam Research, how much lower is the Net Profit Margin for the top company compared to the second place in 2025? (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,NetIncome
Paycom,2025,2051700000.0,453400000.0
Tapestry,2025,7010700000.0,183200000.0
GE Aerospace,2025,45855000000.0,8704000000.0
Lam Research,2025,18435591000.0,5358217000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Net Profit Margin
GE Aerospace,2025,18.98157234761749
Lam Research,2025,29.064525243589966
Paycom,2025,22.09874738022128
Tapestry,2025,2.6131484730483403

Answer: 16.3684
Question: Among NRG Energy, CME Group, Fifth Third Bancorp, Stanley Black & Decker, what is the gap in Net Profit Margin between the lowest-ranked company and the runner-up in 2018? (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,NetIncome
NRG Energy,2018,9478000000.0,268000000.0
CME Group,2018,4309400000.0,1962200000.0
Fifth Third Bancorp,2018,549000000.0,2193000000.0
Stanley Black & Decker,2018,13982400000.0,605200000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Net Profit Margin
CME Group,2018,45.53302083816773
Fifth Third Bancorp,2018,399.45355191256834
NRG Energy,2018,2.8276007596539356
Stanley Black & Decker,2018,4.32829843231491

Answer: 1.5007
Question: In 2016, within Martin Marietta Materials, Qualcomm, PulteGroup, Pentair, by how much does the company with the highest Net Profit Margin differ from the second-ranked company? (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,NetIncome
Martin Marietta Materials,2016,3818749000.0,425386000.0
Qualcomm,2016,23554000000.0,5705000000.0
PulteGroup,2016,7668476000.0,602703000.0
Pentair,2016,4890000000.0,522200000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Net Profit Margin
Martin Marietta Materials,2016,11.13940717234885
Pentair,2016,10.678936605316974
PulteGroup,2016,7.859488638942079
Qualcomm,2016,24.22093911862104

Answer: 13.0815
Question: For Net Profit Margin in 2016, what is the difference between the top and second-place companies among Carnival, AutoZone, Northrop Grumman, Costco? (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,NetIncome
Carnival,2016,16389000000.0,2779000000.0
AutoZone,2016,10635676000.0,1241007000.0
Northrop Grumman,2016,24508000000.0,2200000000.0
Costco,2016,118719000000.0,2350000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Net Profit Margin
AutoZone,2016,11.668341532780802
Carnival,2016,16.956495210201965
Costco,2016,1.9794641127367987
Northrop Grumman,2016,8.976660682226212

Answer: 5.2882
Question: Among Chipotle Mexican Grill, ServiceNow, PulteGroup, Omnicom Group, calculate the margin between the highest-Net Profit Margin company and the second-place company in 2021. (Unit: %) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Revenue * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,Revenue,NetIncome
Chipotle Mexican Grill,2021,7547061000.0,652984000.0
ServiceNow,2021,5896000000.0,230141000.0
PulteGroup,2021,13926882000.0,1946320000.0
Omnicom Group,2021,14289400000.0,1407800000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Net Profit Margin
Chipotle Mexican Grill,2021,8.65216274255634
Omnicom Group,2021,9.8520581689924
PulteGroup,2021,13.975274580483987
ServiceNow,2021,3.903341248303935

Answer: 4.1232
Question: Among eBay Inc., Invitation Homes, Revvity, Williams Companies, Bio-Techne, how much higher is the Return on Equity for the top company compared to the second place in 2024? (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending stockholders’ equity) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Stockholders Equity * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,AllEquityBalance
eBay Inc.,2023,2767000000.0,6396000000.0
eBay Inc.,2024,1975000000.0,5158000000.0
Invitation Homes,2023,519470000.0,10155971000.0
Invitation Homes,2024,453917000.0,9756764000.0
Revvity,2023,693094000.0,7872739000.0
Revvity,2024,270385000.0,7666874000.0
Williams Companies,2023,3179000000.0,12402000000.0
Williams Companies,2024,2225000000.0,12436000000.0
Bio-Techne,2023,285263000.0,1966516000.0
Bio-Techne,2024,168105000.0,2068850000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Equity
Bio-Techne,2024,8.33158627990621
Invitation Homes,2024,4.559062328705725
Revvity,2024,3.4799450925837085
Williams Companies,2024,17.916096304050246
eBay Inc.,2024,34.18729444348278

Answer: 16.2712
Question: Among Tapestry, McCormick & Company, Progressive Corporation, Roper Technologies, what is the gap in Return on Equity between the lowest-ranked company and the runner-up in 2025? (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending stockholders’ equity) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Stockholders Equity * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,AllEquityBalance
Tapestry,2024,816000000.0,2896900000.0
Tapestry,2025,183200000.0,857800000.0
McCormick & Company,2024,788500000.0,5291000000.0
McCormick & Company,2025,789400000.0,5736500000.0
Progressive Corporation,2024,8480000000.0,25591000000.0
Progressive Corporation,2025,11308000000.0,30323000000.0
Roper Technologies,2024,1549300000.0,18867600000.0
Roper Technologies,2025,1536300000.0,19881500000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Equity
McCormick & Company,2025,14.316934935388801
Progressive Corporation,2025,40.44783059698823
Roper Technologies,2025,7.929474491020437
Tapestry,2025,9.758436093429568

Answer: 1.829
Question: In 2023, within Kroger, CenterPoint Energy, Deckers Brands, JPMorgan Chase, by how much does the company with the highest Return on Equity differ from the second-ranked company? (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending stockholders’ equity) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Stockholders Equity * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,AllEquityBalance
Kroger,2022,2244000000.0,10042000000.0
Kroger,2023,2164000000.0,11615000000.0
CenterPoint Energy,2022,1057000000.0,10042000000.0
CenterPoint Energy,2023,917000000.0,9667000000.0
Deckers Brands,2022,666082000.0,1765733000.0
Deckers Brands,2023,978941000.0,2107468000.0
JPMorgan Chase,2022,37676000000.0,292332000000.0
JPMorgan Chase,2023,49552000000.0,327878000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Equity
CenterPoint Energy,2023,9.305393475062154
Deckers Brands,2023,50.549455088956144
JPMorgan Chase,2023,15.979103851921122
Kroger,2023,19.984300687999262

Answer: 30.5652
Question: For Return on Equity in 2024, what is the difference between the top and second-place companies among Ameriprise Financial, Conagra Brands, Automatic Data Processing? (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending stockholders’ equity) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Stockholders Equity * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,AllEquityBalance
Ameriprise Financial,2023,2556000000.0,4729000000.0
Ameriprise Financial,2024,3401000000.0,5228000000.0
Conagra Brands,2023,683600000.0,8736800000.0
Conagra Brands,2024,347200000.0,8440400000.0
Automatic Data Processing,2023,3412000000.0,3509100000.0
Automatic Data Processing,2024,3752000000.0,4547600000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Equity
Ameriprise Financial,2024,68.31374912122126
Automatic Data Processing,2024,93.1398711631313
Conagra Brands,2024,4.042568055329157

Answer: 24.8261
Question: Among Marathon Petroleum, TJX Companies, Valero Energy, Aptiv, Host Hotels & Resorts, calculate the margin between the lowest-Return on Equity company and the second-place company in 2023. (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending stockholders’ equity) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Stockholders Equity * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,AllEquityBalance
Marathon Petroleum,2022,14516000000.0,27715000000.0
Marathon Petroleum,2023,9681000000.0,24404000000.0
TJX Companies,2022,3498000000.0,6364000000.0
TJX Companies,2023,4474000000.0,7302000000.0
Valero Energy,2022,11528000000.0,23561000000.0
Valero Energy,2023,8835000000.0,26346000000.0
Aptiv,2022,594000000.0,8809000000.0
Aptiv,2023,2938000000.0,11548000000.0
Host Hotels & Resorts,2022,633000000.0,6710000000.0
Host Hotels & Resorts,2023,740000000.0,6633000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Equity
Aptiv,2023,28.864763963255886
Host Hotels & Resorts,2023,11.091958330210597
Marathon Petroleum,2023,37.14959995395154
TJX Companies,2023,65.4763647007171
Valero Energy,2023,35.405854890095576

Answer: 17.7728
Question: Among DTE Energy, Yum! Brands, CDW Corporation, how much higher is the Return on Assets for the top company compared to the second place in 2019? (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending total assets) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Total Assets * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,Assets
DTE Energy,2018,1120000000.0,36288000000.0
DTE Energy,2019,1169000000.0,41882000000.0
Yum! Brands,2018,1542000000.0,4130000000.0
Yum! Brands,2019,1294000000.0,5231000000.0
CDW Corporation,2018,643000000.0,7167700000.0
CDW Corporation,2019,736800000.0,7999400000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Assets
CDW Corporation,2019,9.715766362719307
DTE Energy,2019,2.9909172316745556
Yum! Brands,2019,27.64661895096678

Answer: 17.9309
Question: Among Brown & Brown, Gartner, NVR, Deckers Brands, what is the gap in Return on Assets between the lowest-ranked company and the runner-up in 2023? (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending total assets) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Total Assets * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,Assets
Brown & Brown,2022,671800000.0,13973500000.0
Brown & Brown,2023,870500000.0,14883400000.0
Gartner,2022,807799000.0,7299736000.0
Gartner,2023,882466000.0,7835919000.0
NVR,2022,1725575000.0,5660973000.0
NVR,2023,1591611000.0,6601757000.0
Deckers Brands,2022,666082000.0,2556203000.0
Deckers Brands,2023,978941000.0,3135579000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Assets
Brown & Brown,2023,6.033219091447799
Deckers Brands,2023,34.398401063146835
Gartner,2023,11.66075733095132
NVR,2023,25.95851005444954

Answer: 5.6275
Question: In 2023, within Costco, Huntington Ingalls Industries, Elevance Health, by how much does the company with the highest Return on Assets differ from the second-ranked company? (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending total assets) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Total Assets * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,Assets
Costco,2022,5844000000.0,64166000000.0
Costco,2023,6292000000.0,68994000000.0
Huntington Ingalls Industries,2022,579000000.0,10857000000.0
Huntington Ingalls Industries,2023,681000000.0,11215000000.0
Elevance Health,2022,6025000000.0,102772000000.0
Elevance Health,2023,5987000000.0,108928000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Assets
Costco,2023,9.450285370982277
Elevance Health,2023,5.656117146905999
Huntington Ingalls Industries,2023,6.170714026821312

Answer: 3.2796
Question: For Return on Assets in 2025, what is the difference between the top and second-place companies among News Corp (Class A), Leidos, Johnson Controls, Automatic Data Processing? (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending total assets) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Total Assets * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,Assets
News Corp (Class A),2024,266000000.0,16684000000.0
News Corp (Class A),2025,1180000000.0,15504000000.0
Leidos,2024,1254000000.0,13104000000.0
Leidos,2025,1448000000.0,13493000000.0
Johnson Controls,2024,1705000000.0,42695000000.0
Johnson Controls,2025,3291000000.0,37939000000.0
Automatic Data Processing,2024,3752000000.0,54362700000.0
Automatic Data Processing,2025,4079700000.0,53369300000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Assets
Automatic Data Processing,2025,7.57379423012661
Johnson Controls,2025,8.162809732867029
Leidos,2025,10.888446065345715
News Corp (Class A),2025,7.33192494097179

Answer: 0.2419
Question: Among Deckers Brands, Huntington Ingalls Industries, Fastenal, PTC Inc., Jack Henry & Associates, calculate the margin between the lowest-Return on Assets company and the second-place company in 2018. (Unit: %; Use the average of beginning and ending total assets) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: Net Income / Average Total Assets * 100%
Data:
corporate,year,NetIncome,Assets
Deckers Brands,2017,114394000.0,1264379000.0
Deckers Brands,2018,328934000.0,1427206000.0
Huntington Ingalls Industries,2017,479000000.0,6374000000.0
Huntington Ingalls Industries,2018,836000000.0,6383000000.0
Fastenal,2017,578600000.0,2910500000.0
Fastenal,2018,751900000.0,3321500000.0
PTC Inc.,2017,6239000.0,2360384000.0
PTC Inc.,2018,51987000.0,2329022000.0
Jack Henry & Associates,2017,245793000.0,1908945000.0
Jack Henry & Associates,2018,376660000.0,2050303000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Assets
Deckers Brands,2018,24.44165798219265
Fastenal,2018,24.130295250320923
Huntington Ingalls Industries,2018,13.106529748373442
Jack Henry & Associates,2018,19.026845501974112
PTC Inc.,2018,2.2172104526671395

Answer: 10.8893
Question: Among EPAM Systems, Bio-Techne, Marathon Petroleum, how much higher is the Return on Invested Capital for the top company compared to the second place in 2022? (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT; Use the average of beginning and ending invested capital. Total cash is deducted rather than excess cash. Operating lease liabilities are capitalized and included in debt per ASC 842.) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: ROIC = NOPAT / Average Invested Capital * 100%; NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income; Invested Capital = Equity (incl. minority) + Total Debt (short + long-term debt + operating lease liabilities) - Cash and Short-Term Investments
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes,AllEquityBalanceIncludingMinorityInterest,ShortTermDebt,LongTermDebt,OperatingLeaseCurrentDebtEquivalent,OperatingLeaseNonCurrentDebtEquivalent,CashAndMarketableSecurities,ShortTermInvestments
EPAM Systems,2021,533392000.0,413000.0,87317000.0,2495837000.0,16018000.0,30234000.0,50104000.0,142802000.0,1446625000.0,0.0
EPAM Systems,2022,507258000.0,1659000.0,113188000.0,3003010000.0,2861000.0,27693000.0,40352000.0,122317000.0,1681344000.0,0.0
Bio-Techne,2021,148175000.0,13952000.0,8590000.0,1571234000.0,0.0,328827000.0,11602000.0,67625000.0,199091000.0,0.0
Bio-Techne,2022,301386000.0,11309000.0,38287000.0,1701011000.0,0.0,243410000.0,11928000.0,58133000.0,172567000.0,74462000.0
Marathon Petroleum,2021,2817000000.0,1483000000.0,264000000.0,32616000000.0,0.0,24968000000.0,438000000.0,927000000.0,5548000000.0,0.0
Marathon Petroleum,2022,20469000000.0,1000000000.0,4491000000.0,34119000000.0,0.0,25634000000.0,368000000.0,841000000.0,8625000000.0,3145000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Invested Capital
Bio-Techne,2022,15.388854315905686
EPAM Systems,2022,28.207084383548313
Marathon Petroleum,2022,32.67005555187465

Answer: 4.463
Question: Among IBM, American Electric Power, Starbucks, United Parcel Service, 3M, what is the gap in Return on Invested Capital between the highest-ranked company and the runner-up in 2018? (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT; Use the average of beginning and ending invested capital. Total cash is deducted rather than excess cash. Operating lease liabilities are capitalized and included in debt per ASC 842.) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: ROIC = NOPAT / Average Invested Capital * 100%; NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income; Invested Capital = Equity (incl. minority) + Total Debt (short + long-term debt + operating lease liabilities) - Cash and Short-Term Investments
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes,AllEquityBalanceIncludingMinorityInterest,ShortTermDebt,LongTermDebt,OperatingLeaseCurrentDebtEquivalent,OperatingLeaseNonCurrentDebtEquivalent,CashAndMarketableSecurities,ShortTermInvestments
IBM,2017,11400000000.0,1208000000.0,1597000000.0,17725000000.0,6987000000.0,39837000000.0,0.0,0.0,11972000000.0,608000000.0
IBM,2018,11342000000.0,1423000000.0,1745000000.0,16929000000.0,10207000000.0,35605000000.0,0.0,0.0,11379000000.0,618000000.0
American Electric Power,2017,2816200000.0,895000000.0,901500000.0,18313600000.0,1638600000.0,19419600000.0,0.0,0.0,214600000.0,161700000.0
American Electric Power,2018,1973500000.0,984400000.0,104300000.0,19059400000.0,1910000000.0,21648200000.0,0.0,0.0,234100000.0,159100000.0
Starbucks,2017,4317500000.0,92500000.0,1389100000.0,5457000000.0,0.0,3932600000.0,0.0,0.0,2462300000.0,228600000.0
Starbucks,2018,5780000000.0,170300000.0,1176900000.0,1175800000.0,0.0,9090200000.0,0.0,0.0,8756300000.0,181500000.0
United Parcel Service,2017,7148000000.0,453000000.0,2238000000.0,1030000000.0,4011000000.0,20278000000.0,0.0,0.0,3320000000.0,749000000.0
United Parcel Service,2018,6019000000.0,605000000.0,1228000000.0,3037000000.0,2805000000.0,19931000000.0,0.0,0.0,4225000000.0,810000000.0
3M,2017,7548000000.0,0.0,2679000000.0,11622000000.0,1853000000.0,12096000000.0,0.0,0.0,3053000000.0,0.0
3M,2018,7000000000.0,0.0,1637000000.0,9848000000.0,1211000000.0,13411000000.0,0.0,0.0,2853000000.0,380000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Invested Capital
3M,2018,24.51376985487373
American Electric Power,2018,6.8987383587646836
IBM,2018,21.031548629844423
Starbucks,2018,118.0710911894395
United Parcel Service,2018,25.11464006923678

Answer: 92.9565
Question: In 2022, within United Parcel Service, Dow Inc., IBM, Bio-Techne, by how much does the company with the highest Return on Invested Capital differ from the second-ranked company? (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT; Use the average of beginning and ending invested capital. Total cash is deducted rather than excess cash. Operating lease liabilities are capitalized and included in debt per ASC 842.) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: ROIC = NOPAT / Average Invested Capital * 100%; NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income; Invested Capital = Equity (incl. minority) + Total Debt (short + long-term debt + operating lease liabilities) - Cash and Short-Term Investments
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes,AllEquityBalanceIncludingMinorityInterest,ShortTermDebt,LongTermDebt,OperatingLeaseCurrentDebtEquivalent,OperatingLeaseNonCurrentDebtEquivalent,CashAndMarketableSecurities,ShortTermInvestments
United Parcel Service,2021,16595000000.0,694000000.0,3705000000.0,14269000000.0,0.0,19784000000.0,580000000.0,3033000000.0,10255000000.0,338000000.0
United Parcel Service,2022,14825000000.0,704000000.0,3277000000.0,19803000000.0,0.0,17321000000.0,621000000.0,3238000000.0,5602000000.0,1993000000.0
Dow Inc.,2021,8145000000.0,731000000.0,1740000000.0,18739000000.0,161000000.0,14280000000.0,314000000.0,1149000000.0,2988000000.0,0.0
Dow Inc.,2022,6090000000.0,662000000.0,1450000000.0,21247000000.0,362000000.0,14698000000.0,287000000.0,997000000.0,3886000000.0,0.0
IBM,2021,4837000000.0,1512000000.0,2103000000.0,18996000000.0,6787000000.0,44917000000.0,974000000.0,2462000000.0,6650000000.0,0.0
IBM,2022,1156000000.0,1401000000.0,1865000000.0,22021000000.0,4760000000.0,46189000000.0,874000000.0,2190000000.0,7886000000.0,0.0
Bio-Techne,2021,148175000.0,13952000.0,8590000.0,1571234000.0,0.0,328827000.0,11602000.0,67625000.0,199091000.0,0.0
Bio-Techne,2022,301386000.0,11309000.0,38287000.0,1701011000.0,0.0,243410000.0,11928000.0,58133000.0,172567000.0,74462000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Invested Capital
Bio-Techne,2022,15.388854315905686
Dow Inc.,2022,15.741679780847468
IBM,2022,-2.3124936827498264
United Parcel Service,2022,40.01384014831743

Answer: 24.2722
Question: For Return on Invested Capital in 2019, what is the difference between the top and second-place companies among Moody's Corporation, PPG Industries, IBM, 3M? (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT; Use the average of beginning and ending invested capital. Total cash is deducted rather than excess cash. Operating lease liabilities are capitalized and included in debt per ASC 842.) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: ROIC = NOPAT / Average Invested Capital * 100%; NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income; Invested Capital = Equity (incl. minority) + Total Debt (short + long-term debt + operating lease liabilities) - Cash and Short-Term Investments
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes,AllEquityBalanceIncludingMinorityInterest,ShortTermDebt,LongTermDebt,OperatingLeaseCurrentDebtEquivalent,OperatingLeaseNonCurrentDebtEquivalent,CashAndMarketableSecurities,ShortTermInvestments
Moody's Corporation,2018,1671000000.0,216000000.0,351600000.0,656500000.0,0.0,5226100000.0,0.0,0.0,1685000000.0,132500000.0
Moody's Corporation,2019,1810000000.0,208000000.0,381000000.0,831000000.0,0.0,5581000000.0,89000000.0,485000000.0,1832000000.0,98000000.0
PPG Industries,2018,1693000000.0,118000000.0,353000000.0,4732000000.0,651000000.0,4365000000.0,0.0,0.0,902000000.0,61000000.0
PPG Industries,2019,1661000000.0,132000000.0,392000000.0,5403000000.0,513000000.0,4539000000.0,170000000.0,622000000.0,1216000000.0,57000000.0
IBM,2018,11342000000.0,1423000000.0,1745000000.0,16929000000.0,10207000000.0,35605000000.0,0.0,0.0,11379000000.0,618000000.0
IBM,2019,10166000000.0,1685000000.0,2091000000.0,20985000000.0,8797000000.0,54102000000.0,1380000000.0,3879000000.0,8172000000.0,696000000.0
3M,2018,7000000000.0,0.0,1637000000.0,9848000000.0,1211000000.0,13411000000.0,0.0,0.0,2853000000.0,380000000.0
3M,2019,5712000000.0,0.0,1130000000.0,10126000000.0,0.0,17518000000.0,247000000.0,607000000.0,0.0,98000000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Invested Capital
3M,2019,18.462034369522733
IBM,2019,14.369549046232184
Moody's Corporation,2019,34.9347463482614
PPG Industries,2019,14.604698354061574

Answer: 16.4727
Question: Among IBM, PPG Industries, EPAM Systems, Bio-Techne, calculate the margin between the highest-Return on Invested Capital company and the second-place company in 2023. (Unit: %;  Use the sum of Pretax Income and Interest Expense as EBIT; Use the average of beginning and ending invested capital. Total cash is deducted rather than excess cash. Operating lease liabilities are capitalized and included in debt per ASC 842.) According to US GAAP, write down the indicator formula, collect the raw data, calculate the answer, and keep four decimal places. Please list the raw data and key calculation process.
Formula: ROIC = NOPAT / Average Invested Capital * 100%; NOPAT = EBIT x (1 - effective tax rate); EBIT = Pretax Income + Interest Expense; effective tax rate = Income Taxes / Pretax Income; Invested Capital = Equity (incl. minority) + Total Debt (short + long-term debt + operating lease liabilities) - Cash and Short-Term Investments
Data:
corporate,year,PretaxIncomeLoss,InterestExpense,IncomeTaxes,AllEquityBalanceIncludingMinorityInterest,ShortTermDebt,LongTermDebt,OperatingLeaseCurrentDebtEquivalent,OperatingLeaseNonCurrentDebtEquivalent,CashAndMarketableSecurities,ShortTermInvestments
IBM,2022,1156000000.0,1401000000.0,1865000000.0,22021000000.0,4760000000.0,46189000000.0,874000000.0,2190000000.0,7886000000.0,0.0
IBM,2023,8690000000.0,1668000000.0,1564000000.0,22613000000.0,6426000000.0,50121000000.0,820000000.0,2568000000.0,13068000000.0,0.0
PPG Industries,2022,1381000000.0,167000000.0,325000000.0,6709000000.0,313000000.0,6503000000.0,183000000.0,636000000.0,1099000000.0,55000000.0
PPG Industries,2023,1748000000.0,247000000.0,439000000.0,8023000000.0,306000000.0,5748000000.0,194000000.0,622000000.0,1514000000.0,75000000.0
EPAM Systems,2022,507258000.0,1659000.0,113188000.0,3003010000.0,2861000.0,27693000.0,40352000.0,122317000.0,1681344000.0,0.0
EPAM Systems,2023,536585000.0,4698000.0,177426000.0,3471470000.0,0.0,26126000.0,36558000.0,109261000.0,2036235000.0,60739000.0
Bio-Techne,2022,301386000.0,11309000.0,38287000.0,1701011000.0,0.0,243410000.0,11928000.0,58133000.0,172567000.0,74462000.0
Bio-Techne,2023,338659000.0,11215000.0,53217000.0,1966516000.0,0.0,350000000.0,11199000.0,93766000.0,180571000.0,23739000.0

Indicator data:
corporate,year,Return on Invested Capital
Bio-Techne,2023,14.801631008051036
EPAM Systems,2023,23.669684077985558
IBM,2023,12.34312551072866
PPG Industries,2023,11.277779054158284

Answer: 8.8681