Skill: junwugit/thesis-methodology-writer (version 1.0.0)

--- name: thesis-methodology-writer description: Write detailed, academically rigorous Chinese methodology chapters or methodology sections for theses, dissertations, and undergraduate papers. Use when users ask to write, expand, polish, or structure only the Methodology/Chapter Three/研究方法/研究设计 section. First determine whether the study is quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, literature-review-based, or intervention-scheme design from the user's topic, research questions, data, sample, instruments, interviews, observations, documents, variables, and extra information; then draft the appropriate Chinese methodology content. --- # Thesis Methodology Writer ## Scope Use this skill only to write the methodology part of a Chinese academic paper. The default output is a polished Chinese "第三章 研究方法" or "第三章 研究设计" section. Do not write the introduction, literature review, results, discussion, or conclusion chapters except for brief transitions inside the methodology chapter. ## Required Reference Before drafting a full methodology chapter, read `references/methodology-writing-guide.md`. It contains the research-type decision rules, quantitative and qualitative chapter templates, data collection and analysis wording, reliability/validity and trustworthiness guidance, and Chinese academic writing templates derived from the local `3method.txt` source. ## First Step: Determine Research Type Always determine the research type before writing. If the user has not specified it, infer from the information provided: - Quantitative: variables, hypotheses, scales, questionnaires, sample size, statistical tests, SPSS/R/Excel, correlation, regression, t test, ANOVA, experiment. - Qualitative: interviews, focus groups, observations, documents, cases, texts, field notes, coding, themes, purposive sampling, phenomenology, grounded theory, narrative, discourse analysis. - Mixed methods: both questionnaires/statistics and interviews/textual data are required and connected. - Literature review/systematic review: no participants, only literature search/screening/synthesis. - Intervention-scheme design: no implementation data; method is literature research, theoretical construction, and scheme design. If the type is ambiguous, state the most likely type and write with placeholders. Ask at most one concise question only if writing the methodology would otherwise be misleading. ## Input Extraction Extract and use any information the user provides: - Thesis title, discipline, degree level, and school format - Research type or preferred method - Research purpose, research questions, hypotheses, or research content - Participants/object/population, sample size, sampling strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria - Variables, concepts, instruments, questionnaires, scales, interview outline, observation plan, documents, or intervention materials - Data collection procedure, time, place, platform, consent, and ethics requirements - Data analysis methods, software, coding strategy, statistical tests, reliability/validity or trustworthiness methods - Limitations, response rate, pilot study, appendices, and data security details If information is missing, write academically with clear placeholders such as "此处补充量表来源及信度系数" or "此处补充访谈对象招募标准". ## Drafting Workflow 1. Identify the research type and explain the basis briefly unless the user asks for draft-only output. 2. Choose the matching methodology chapter structure. 3. Restate the study purpose and research questions/hypotheses briefly in the chapter opening. 4. Describe participants/materials before instruments/protocols. 5. Describe instruments/protocols with enough detail for another researcher to understand or replicate the study. 6. Describe data collection in chronological order: before, during, after collection. 7. Describe data analysis aligned with each research question or data source. 8. Include ethics, informed consent, confidentiality, and data security where human participants are involved. 9. End with a substantive chapter summary and transition to the next chapter. ## Output Standards For a full methodology chapter, include: - Research type determination note - Complete Chinese draft with numbered headings - Method, participants/materials, instruments/protocols, data collection, data analysis, ethics, and summary - Separate quantitative and qualitative subsections for mixed methods - Placeholders for missing instrument, sample, reliability, validity, coding, software, or ethics details - A short revision checklist after the draft unless the user asks for draft-only output Quality requirements: - The methodology must be detailed enough for replication or transparent evaluation. - Research questions/hypotheses must align with sampling, instruments, collection, and analysis. - Quantitative drafts must cover population/sample, sampling, instruments, reliability/validity, collection, statistical analysis, and significance/effect size where appropriate. - Qualitative drafts must cover purposive sampling, participant criteria, data sources, interview/observation/document procedures, transcription/coding, theme/category development, trustworthiness, reflexivity, and ethics. - Mixed-methods drafts must explain how quantitative and qualitative parts connect or integrate.

path: agents/openai.yaml
content: interface:
  display_name: "Thesis Methodology Writer"
  short_description: "Chinese academic methodology chapter writer"
  default_prompt: "Use $thesis-methodology-writer to write a rigorous Chinese methodology chapter after determining whether my study is qualitative or quantitative."


path: references/methodology-writing-guide.md
content: # Chinese Methodology Chapter Writing Guide

This reference is derived and paraphrased from the local source `3method.txt`. Use it to write only the Methodology/Chapter Three/研究方法/研究设计 section.

## Table of Contents

1. Core Function of Methodology Chapter
2. Research Type Decision Rules
3. Standard Chapter Structures
4. Chapter Opening
5. Quantitative Methodology
6. Qualitative Methodology
7. Mixed Methods Methodology
8. Literature Review and Intervention-Scheme Methodology
9. Data Collection Writing Rules
10. Data Analysis Writing Rules
11. Ethics and Data Management
12. Chapter Summary
13. Chinese Templates
14. Revision Checklist

## Core Function of Methodology Chapter

The methodology chapter is the blueprint of the study. It describes the specific steps used to address the research questions or hypotheses and should be detailed enough for replication or transparent evaluation.

Typical methodology components:

1. Chapter introduction
2. Research design
3. Participants or research materials
4. Instruments or protocols
5. Data collection
6. Data analysis
7. Ethics and quality control
8. Chapter summary

## Research Type Decision Rules

Before drafting, classify the study:

| Evidence in User Input | Research Type | Methodology Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Variables, scales, questionnaire, sample size, hypotheses, SPSS, correlation, regression, t test, ANOVA | Quantitative | Population/sample, sampling, instruments, reliability/validity, statistical analysis |
| Interview, focus group, observation, document/text, case, participant experience, coding, themes | Qualitative | Purposive sampling, data sources, protocols, transcription, coding, themes, trustworthiness |
| Questionnaire plus interview, statistics plus coding, explanatory or exploratory sequence | Mixed methods | Separate quantitative/qualitative procedures and integration strategy |
| No participants; databases, keywords, inclusion/exclusion criteria, literature screening | Literature review/systematic review | Literature search, screening, synthesis, quality appraisal |
| Design only; intervention scheme, counseling plan, no implementation | Intervention-scheme design | Literature research, theoretical construction, scheme design, evaluation plan |

If the user only gives "研究主题 + 研究内容", infer:

- If research content says "了解现状、分析关系、影响因素、预测作用": usually quantitative.
- If research content says "了解体验、过程、意义、困难、支持需求": usually qualitative.
- If it says "先问卷再访谈" or "用访谈解释问卷结果": mixed methods.
- If it says "不收集数据，只设计方案": intervention-scheme design or literature review.

## Standard Chapter Structures

### Quantitative Chapter

```markdown
第三章 研究方法

3.1 研究设计
3.2 研究对象
3.3 研究工具
3.4 数据收集过程
3.5 数据处理与分析
3.6 研究伦理
3.7 本章小结
```

### Qualitative Chapter

```markdown
第三章 研究设计

3.1 研究方法
3.2 研究对象与抽样
3.3 资料收集工具与资料来源
3.4 资料收集过程
3.5 资料整理与分析
3.6 研究可信度
3.7 研究伦理与研究者反思
3.8 本章小结
```

### Mixed Methods Chapter

```markdown
第三章 研究方法

3.1 混合研究设计
3.2 定量研究部分
3.3 质性研究部分
3.4 数据整合策略
3.5 研究伦理
3.6 本章小结
```

### Literature Review/Systematic Review Chapter

```markdown
第三章 研究方法

3.1 研究方法
3.2 文献来源与检索策略
3.3 文献纳入与排除标准
3.4 文献筛选与资料提取
3.5 文献分析方法
3.6 本章小结
```

### Intervention-Scheme Design Chapter

```markdown
第三章 研究设计

3.1 研究方法
3.2 文献研究过程
3.3 理论建构方法
3.4 方案设计方法
3.5 方案评价设想
3.6 研究伦理与适用边界
3.7 本章小结
```

## Chapter Opening

The opening should give an advance organizer and briefly connect this chapter to the research questions or research purpose.

Template:

> 本章主要介绍本研究的方法设计。围绕前文提出的研究问题，本文将从研究设计、研究对象、研究工具、数据收集过程和数据分析方法等方面进行说明，以保证研究过程清晰、规范并具有可重复性。

Qualitative template:

> 本章主要介绍本研究的质性研究设计。围绕……这一研究目的，本文将说明研究对象的选择、资料收集方式、资料整理与分析过程、研究可信度以及研究伦理等内容。

Mixed template:

> 本研究采用混合研究设计，旨在同时获得……的总体状况和……的深层解释。本章分别说明定量研究和质性研究的实施过程，并进一步阐明两类资料的整合方式。

## Quantitative Methodology

### Research Design

Write what kind of quantitative design is used:

- 横断面问卷调查
- 相关研究
- 描述性研究
- 差异研究
- 回归/预测研究
- 实验或准实验研究

Template:

> 本研究采用横断面问卷调查法，以……为研究对象，使用……量表和……量表收集数据，旨在考察……的总体状况以及……与……之间的关系。

### Participants, Population, and Sample

Describe:

- Target population
- Accessible population or sampling frame
- Sample size
- Demographic characteristics
- Inclusion/exclusion criteria
- Sampling method
- Response rate and valid sample rate where applicable

Quantitative sampling methods:

- Simple random sampling: every member of the defined population has equal chance.
- Stratified random sampling: subgroups are represented by proportion or equal comparison groups.
- Cluster sampling: groups/classes/schools are selected rather than individuals.
- Systematic sampling: select every nth case from a list.
- Convenience sampling: use available participants; generalization must be cautious.
- Purposive sampling: select based on predefined criteria; can be used for special populations.
- Quota sampling: recruit by fixed characteristics and quotas.

Template:

> 本研究以……为目标总体，采用……抽样方法选取……名被试。纳入标准为：第一，……；第二，……；第三，自愿参与本研究。排除标准为：……。最终回收问卷……份，其中有效问卷……份，有效率为……%。样本基本信息包括性别、年级、专业等变量。

Sample size guidance:

- Qualitative: often 1-20 participants depending on depth and design.
- Correlation survey: often 100-200 participants minimum for simple undergraduate work.
- Causal-comparative or experimental: usually 30+ participants per major group is a rough minimum.
- Factorial design: at least about 15 participants per cell.
- Multiple regression: a rough rule is at least 10 participants per predictor variable; more is better.
- For large populations, samples around 350-400 are often used as a general minimum in classic sample-size tables, but use school/advisor requirements when available.

Add caution:

> 以上样本量仅为一般经验性建议，具体样本量仍需结合研究目的、统计方法、学校要求和实际可获得样本确定。

### Instruments

For each scale/questionnaire, include:

- Full name and acronym
- Author/developer and source citation placeholder
- Purpose or construct measured
- Number of items
- Subscales and meanings
- Response format
- Scoring method
- Interpretation of high/low scores
- Reliability and validity evidence
- Permission/copyright note where relevant

Template:

> ……量表由……编制，用于测量……。该量表共……个题项，包括……、……和……三个维度，采用……级评分方式，得分越高表示……。已有研究显示，该量表具有良好的信度和效度（此处补充文献）。在本研究中，将采用Cronbach's α系数检验量表内部一致性。

Reliability wording:

> 信度是指测量结果的一致性。本研究将采用Cronbach's α系数检验量表及各维度的内部一致性。一般而言，α系数越高，说明题项之间的一致性越好。

Validity wording:

> 效度是指工具测量其目标构念的程度。本文将依据既有研究中关于该量表内容效度、结构效度或效标关联效度的证据说明其适用性，并结合本研究样本检验量表结构或内部一致性。

New or modified instrument:

> 若研究者自行编制或修改问卷，应说明题项来源、专家评审、预测试、题项修订、信度和效度检验过程。不要把未经检验的自编问卷写成成熟工具。

### Data Collection

Write in chronological order:

1. Before collection: approval, consent, instrument preparation, pilot test, recruitment.
2. During collection: platform/location, instructions, completion time, anonymity, withdrawal.
3. After collection: screening invalid responses, coding, storage, debriefing if needed.

Template:

> 数据收集前，研究者向被试说明研究目的、填写要求、匿名性和自愿参与原则。在获得知情同意后，通过……平台/现场发放问卷。问卷填写时间约为……分钟。数据回收后，研究者剔除作答时间过短、明显规律作答或缺失严重的问卷，并对有效数据进行编码和统计分析。

### Data Analysis

Align analysis to research questions.

Common analyses:

- Descriptive statistics: frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation.
- Reliability analysis: Cronbach's α.
- Common method or validity checks if required.
- Difference tests: independent-samples t test, paired t test, one-way ANOVA, post hoc tests.
- Correlation: Pearson or Spearman.
- Regression: linear regression, hierarchical regression, logistic regression.
- Mediation/moderation: only if the design requires and user can do it.
- Experimental analysis: pre-post comparison, group comparison, repeated measures.

Template:

> 本研究拟使用SPSS/Excel/R对数据进行统计分析。首先，对样本人口学变量和主要研究变量进行描述统计；其次，采用Cronbach's α系数检验量表信度；再次，采用……检验不同群体在……上的差异；随后，采用Pearson相关分析考察……与……之间的关系；最后，采用回归分析检验……对……的预测作用。显著性水平设定为p < .05。

Statistical reporting caution:

- Include the significance level when relevant.
- Mention effect size if appropriate.
- Do not choose complex statistics simply to look advanced.
- The analysis must answer the research questions/hypotheses.

## Qualitative Methodology

### Research Design

Specify the qualitative design:

- 现象学研究
- 个案研究
- 多案例研究
- 访谈研究
- 焦点小组研究
- 观察研究
- 文本/文件分析
- 叙事分析
- 扎根理论取向，only when theory-building is genuine

Template:

> 本研究采用质性研究方法，旨在深入理解……群体在……过程中的主观体验、意义建构和应对方式。相较于量化研究，质性研究更适合揭示参与者的具体经验和情境化理解，因此适用于本研究的问题取向。

### Participants and Sampling

Qualitative sampling is usually purposive, small, nonrandom, and information-rich.

Sampling options:

- Intensity sampling: participants reflect different levels of the phenomenon.
- Homogeneous sampling: participants share similar experiences.
- Criterion sampling: participants meet clear criteria.
- Snowball sampling: participants refer further participants.
- Random purposive sampling: randomly select from a purposively identified pool when too many potential participants exist.

Template:

> 本研究采用目的抽样方法选择研究参与者。纳入标准为：第一，……；第二，具有……经历；第三，愿意接受访谈并同意录音；第四，能够较完整地表达个人经验。预计访谈……名参与者，具体样本量将根据资料丰富程度和主题饱和情况适当调整。

### Data Sources and Protocols

Qualitative instruments may include:

- Semi-structured interview outline
- Focus-group outline
- Observation protocol
- Document/text corpus selection criteria
- Demographic information sheet
- Field notes/reflexive journal

Interview template:

> 本研究采用半结构式访谈提纲收集资料。访谈提纲围绕研究问题设计，主要包括基本情况、……经历、情绪体验、影响因素、应对方式和支持需求等方面。半结构式访谈既能够保证不同参与者资料的可比性，也允许研究者根据回答进行追问。

Observation template:

> 若使用观察法，研究者将围绕观察对象、观察场景、互动过程、语言和非语言行为等方面记录观察笔记，并说明观察时间、地点、频次以及研究者是否参与现场活动。

Document analysis template:

> 若使用文件或文本资料，研究者需说明资料来源、筛选标准、文本数量、时间范围、匿名化处理方式以及编码分析过程。

### Qualitative Data Collection

Describe before, during, and after collection.

Template:

> 资料收集前，研究者向参与者说明研究目的、访谈内容、保密原则和退出权利，并征得其知情同意。访谈采用线上/线下方式进行，每次约……分钟。经参与者同意后进行录音，访谈结束后及时转写为文字资料。转写过程中使用编号替代真实姓名，以保护参与者隐私。

Focus group template:

> 焦点小组访谈每组约……人，围绕……问题展开讨论。研究者担任主持人，按照由一般到具体的顺序提问，并记录组内互动、共同观点和差异性意见。

### Qualitative Data Analysis

Common approaches:

- Thematic analysis
- Coding analysis
- Constant comparison
- Category/theme development
- Cross-case analysis
- Narrative/discourse analysis when appropriate

Template:

> 本研究采用主题分析法处理访谈资料。研究者首先反复阅读访谈文本，熟悉资料内容；其次，对与研究问题相关的意义单元进行初始编码；再次，将含义相近的编码归并为类别；最后，在类别基础上提炼主题，并结合原始访谈材料和相关理论进行解释。

Constant comparison:

> 在资料分析过程中，研究者将采用持续比较法，将不同参与者的回答、同一主题下的不同表述以及新旧资料进行反复比较，以发现共同主题、差异表现和特殊案例。

Cross-case:

> 对于个案或多案例研究，研究者将先分别整理每个案例的背景和主题，再进行跨案例比较，归纳不同案例之间的共同模式和差异性特征。

### Trustworthiness

Include several strategies:

- Data triangulation
- Investigator/peer discussion
- Theory triangulation
- Method triangulation
- Member checking/participant verification
- Thick description
- Reflexive notes
- Audit trail
- Negative/deviant case analysis

Template:

> 为提高研究可信度，本研究将采取以下措施：第一，采用访谈资料、研究者记录和相关文本进行资料三角互证；第二，在资料分析过程中保留编码记录和主题形成过程；第三，邀请部分参与者对访谈摘要或主题解释进行确认；第四，研究者记录反思日志，反思自身经验和立场可能对资料理解产生的影响。

### Researcher Reflexivity

Template:

> 质性研究中，研究者不可避免地参与资料意义建构。因此，研究者将在资料收集和分析过程中记录反思笔记，关注自身专业背景、价值判断和与参与者关系可能带来的影响，并通过同伴讨论和资料回看尽量保持解释的开放性和贴近性。

## Mixed Methods Methodology

Use when both quantitative and qualitative parts are necessary.

Common designs:

- Sequential explanatory: questionnaire first, interviews explain results.
- Sequential exploratory: interviews first, questionnaire follows.
- Convergent parallel: collect both and integrate.
- Embedded design: one data type supports a dominant design.

Structure:

```markdown
3.1 混合研究设计
3.2 定量研究部分
3.2.1 研究对象
3.2.2 研究工具
3.2.3 数据收集
3.2.4 数据分析
3.3 质性研究部分
3.3.1 参与者选择
3.3.2 访谈/文本资料
3.3.3 资料收集
3.3.4 资料分析
3.4 数据整合
3.5 研究伦理
3.6 本章小结
```

Integration template:

> 本研究采用顺序解释型混合研究设计。第一阶段通过问卷调查了解……的总体状况和变量关系；第二阶段根据定量结果选择……名参与者进行半结构式访谈，以进一步解释问卷结果背后的主观体验和现实原因。最后，研究者将定量结果与质性主题进行整合分析，形成对……问题的综合理解。

## Literature Review and Intervention-Scheme Methodology

### Literature Review/Systematic Review

Template:

> 本研究采用文献研究法。研究者以……为关键词，在……数据库中检索相关文献，并依据纳入与排除标准对文献进行筛选。随后，从研究对象、研究方法、主要发现和研究不足等方面对纳入文献进行整理和分析。

Include:

- Databases
- Keywords
- Time range
- Inclusion/exclusion criteria
- Screening procedure
- Data extraction
- Thematic synthesis or narrative synthesis

### Intervention-Scheme Design

Template:

> 本研究采用文献研究法、理论建构法和方案设计法。首先，通过文献研究梳理……的表现、影响因素和已有干预方法；其次，基于……理论构建……的发生与维持机制；最后，围绕干预对象、目标、原则、内容、流程和评价设想设计……方案。

Include:

- Literature basis
- Theory basis
- Target population
- Design principles
- Session or procedure design
- Implementation conditions
- Future evaluation plan
- Limitation that effectiveness is not verified without implementation

## Data Collection Writing Rules

Describe physical and procedural steps clearly:

Before collection:

- Ethical approval or school permission
- Instrument/protocol preparation
- Pilot test
- Participant recruitment
- Informed consent
- Assistant training if applicable

During collection:

- What participants do
- Order of instruments/interviews
- Time required
- Instructions
- Recording or platform
- Intervention procedures if any

After collection:

- Debriefing
- Data screening
- Transcription
- Coding or entry
- Secure storage
- Anonymization

If procedures are multi-phase, use phases:

```markdown
第一阶段：……
第二阶段：……
第三阶段：……
```

## Data Analysis Writing Rules

Align each research question with an analysis:

| Research Question Type | Likely Analysis |
|---|---|
| Current status/general level | Descriptive statistics or thematic description |
| Group difference | t test, ANOVA, chi-square, or qualitative comparison |
| Relationship | Pearson/Spearman correlation |
| Prediction | Regression |
| Pre-post change | Paired t test, repeated measures, qualitative process comparison |
| Experience/meaning | Thematic analysis |
| Process/model | Coding, constant comparison, grounded-theory-oriented analysis |
| Case comparison | Within-case and cross-case analysis |

Avoid:

- Listing statistics unrelated to research questions.
- Writing "SPSS will be used" without saying for what.
- Claiming causality from cross-sectional data.
- Treating qualitative themes as statistically generalizable.

## Ethics and Data Management

For human participants include:

- Voluntary participation
- Informed consent
- Right to withdraw
- Anonymous or confidential handling
- Recording permission
- Secure data storage
- Psychological risk referral where relevant
- Permission for minors or vulnerable groups when needed

Template:

> 本研究遵循自愿参与、知情同意和隐私保护原则。研究者将在问卷或访谈开始前说明研究目的、资料用途、保密方式和退出权利。所有数据仅用于学术研究，研究报告中不呈现可识别个人身份的信息。

Psychological risk:

> 若参与者在访谈或填写问卷过程中出现明显不适，研究者将暂停研究过程，并提供学校心理咨询中心或专业机构的求助信息。

## Chapter Summary

The summary should condense the chapter and transition to results.

Template:

> 本章介绍了本研究的方法设计，包括研究类型、研究对象、研究工具、数据收集过程、数据分析方法以及研究伦理。通过上述设计，本文将围绕研究问题收集和分析相关资料。下一章将对研究结果进行呈现与分析。

For design-only papers:

> 本章说明了本研究的方案设计方法，包括文献研究、理论建构和方案设计过程。下一章将基于上述方法呈现具体干预方案。

## Chinese Templates

### Quantitative Full Method Section

> 本研究采用量化研究方法，具体为横断面问卷调查设计。研究以……为对象，采用……抽样方法收集数据，使用……量表测量……，使用……量表测量……。数据收集完成后，研究者将采用……软件进行描述统计、信度分析、差异检验、相关分析和回归分析，以回答本研究提出的问题。

### Qualitative Full Method Section

> 本研究采用质性研究方法，旨在深入理解……。研究者采用目的抽样选取……名参与者，通过半结构式访谈收集资料。访谈资料经录音转写后，采用主题分析法进行编码和主题提炼。为提高研究可信度，研究者将结合参与者确认、同伴讨论、反思日志和资料三角互证等方式对分析过程进行检验。

### Mixed Methods Full Method Section

> 本研究采用混合研究方法。定量部分通过问卷调查了解……；质性部分通过访谈进一步解释……。两类资料将在讨论阶段进行整合，以形成对……问题的综合认识。

## Revision Checklist

Before finalizing, check:

- Has the research type been identified correctly?
- Does the chapter structure match the research type?
- Are participants/materials described clearly?
- Is the sampling strategy named and justified?
- Are inclusion and exclusion criteria clear?
- Are instruments/protocols described in enough detail?
- Are reliability/validity or trustworthiness strategies included?
- Is data collection written chronologically?
- Does data analysis answer each research question?
- Are ethics and data security addressed?
- Are missing details marked with clear placeholders?
- Is the prose formal Chinese academic style?


Security scan verdicts — ClawScan: clean | static analysis: clean | VirusTotal: clean | SkillSpector: clean (LOW)