Skill: junwugit/thesis-discussion-writer (version 1.0.0)

--- name: thesis-discussion-writer description: Write detailed, academically rigorous Chinese discussion chapters or discussion sections for theses, dissertations, and undergraduate papers from a user's findings, research questions, hypotheses, themes, theoretical framework, literature review, limitations, implications, and extra information. Use when users ask to write, expand, polish, organize, or structure only the Discussion/Chapter Five/第五章讨论/总结与讨论/讨论与结论 section, including summary of the study, discussion of findings, theoretical and literature interpretation, unexpected results, practical implications, recommendations for future research, and conclusions. --- # Thesis Discussion Writer ## Scope Use this skill only to write the discussion part of a Chinese academic paper. The default output is a polished Chinese "第五章 讨论" or "第五章 总结、讨论与结论" section. Do not write new results, methodology, literature review, questionnaire design, or full thesis chapters outside the discussion scope. The discussion chapter interprets results already reported elsewhere; it should not introduce new data, new statistical analyses, new interview excerpts, or unsupported conclusions. ## Required Reference Before drafting a full discussion chapter, read `references/discussion-writing-guide.md`. It contains chapter structures, finding-by-finding discussion rules, theory/literature integration patterns, implications, recommendations, conclusions, Chinese templates, and quality checks derived from the local `5discussion.txt` source. ## Input Extraction Extract and use any information the user provides: - Thesis title, discipline, research problem, purpose, and chapter naming requirement - Research questions, hypotheses, variables, qualitative themes, cases, or mixed-methods strands - Main findings from the Results chapter, including significant and non-significant results - Theoretical framework, conceptual model, or epistemological framework - Prior studies or literature review points that should be compared with the findings - Method design, sample, instruments, data sources, and analysis limitations - Unexpected findings, possible explanations, confounding factors, mediators, or contextual factors - Practical audience: students, teachers, counselors, parents, managers, policymakers, institutions, or researchers - School requirements for sections such as "研究总结", "结果讨论", "实践启示", "研究不足与展望", and "结论" If the user has not provided actual findings, do not invent conclusions, implications, literature comparisons, or recommendations. Provide a discussion-chapter framework with placeholders and a list of exact materials needed. ## Discussion Type Decision Infer the best discussion pattern before writing: - Quantitative: discuss each research question, hypothesis, variable, relationship, group difference, regression model, or non-significant result in the same order as the Results chapter. - Qualitative: discuss themes, cases, participant experiences, cross-case patterns, theoretical insights, and transferability while staying close to the qualitative data. - Mixed methods: discuss quantitative and qualitative findings separately or integrate them by research question, explaining convergence, divergence, and complementarity. - Literature review/systematic review: discuss evidence patterns, conceptual contributions, literature gaps, methodological limitations, and implications for future research. - Intervention-scheme design without implementation: discuss theoretical rationale, feasibility, expected application value, risk controls, evaluation plan, and limitations; do not claim effectiveness. ## Drafting Workflow 1. Identify the study type and the chapter format expected by the user's school. 2. Start with a brief introduction/advance organizer for the discussion chapter. 3. Summarize the study briefly: problem, purpose, framework, research questions/method, and major findings. 4. Discuss findings one by one, following the same order as the Results chapter. 5. For each finding, explain what it means, connect it to theory and literature, and state whether it supports, contradicts, or extends existing knowledge. 6. Explain unexpected or weak results through sampling, instrumentation, research design, context, or unmeasured variables when evidence permits. 7. Derive practical implications directly from findings and match them to concrete stakeholders. 8. Derive future research recommendations from findings, limitations, unanswered questions, and methodological constraints. 9. End with conclusions that make defensible assertions based on the findings, without adding new data. ## Output Standards For a full discussion chapter, include: - Complete Chinese draft with numbered headings - A short study summary when the requested chapter includes it - Finding-by-finding discussion organized by research question, hypothesis, variable, theme, case, or model - Integration with theory and literature when the user supplies enough context - Explanation of unexpected findings and plausible limitations when relevant - Practical implications grounded in results - Recommendations for future research grounded in results and limitations - Conclusions that synthesize the whole study Quality requirements: - Stay close to the data. - Do not overgeneralize beyond the sample, data source, method, or design. - Do not repeat technical statistics already reported in the Results chapter unless needed for clarity. - Do not turn recommendations into unsupported claims. - Do not write implications that are broader than the findings can support. - Do not introduce new analyses or new evidence in the Discussion chapter. - Preserve limitations and uncertainty instead of forcing strong conclusions.

path: references/discussion-writing-guide.md
content: # Chinese Discussion Chapter Writing Guide

This reference is derived and paraphrased from the local source `5discussion.txt`. Use it to write only the Discussion/Chapter Five/第五章讨论/总结、讨论与结论 section.

## Table of Contents

1. Core Function of the Discussion Chapter
2. Data and Evidence Boundaries
3. Standard Chapter Structures
4. Chapter Opening
5. Summary of the Study
6. Discussion of Findings
7. Theory and Literature Integration
8. Unexpected or Weak Findings
9. Quantitative Discussion Patterns
10. Qualitative Discussion Patterns
11. Mixed Methods Discussion Patterns
12. Intervention-Scheme and Literature-Review Discussions
13. Practical Implications
14. Recommendations for Future Research
15. Conclusions
16. Chinese Templates
17. Revision Checklist

## Core Function of the Discussion Chapter

The discussion chapter interprets and synthesizes the study after results have been presented. It answers the question: "What do these findings mean, why might they have appeared, and what can responsibly be concluded?"

Typical elements:

- Introduction
- Summary of the study
- Discussion of the findings
- Implications for practice
- Recommendations for further research
- Conclusions

Different schools may use headings such as:

- 第五章 讨论
- 第五章 总结与讨论
- 第五章 讨论与结论
- 第五章 研究结论、启示与展望
- 第五章 总结、讨论与建议

Use the user's school format when provided. If no format is provided, use a conservative undergraduate structure:

```markdown
第五章 讨论

5.1 本章导言
5.2 研究结果概述
5.3 主要结果讨论
5.4 实践启示
5.5 研究不足与未来展望
5.6 研究结论
```

## Data and Evidence Boundaries

The discussion must "stay close to the data." Every interpretation, implication, recommendation, and conclusion should be traceable to:

- A reported finding
- A research question or hypothesis
- A qualitative theme or case pattern
- A theoretical framework
- Literature already reviewed or supplied by the user
- A clearly stated limitation

Do not invent:

- Findings that were not reported
- Statistical significance or non-significance
- New interview quotations
- New participant details
- New literature or citations
- Intervention effects when no intervention was implemented
- Practical recommendations unrelated to the study's findings

If the user provides no results, produce a discussion framework with placeholders:

> 本节应结合第四章中关于……的结果展开讨论。由于目前尚未提供具体统计结果/主题内容，以下保留结果解释位置，待补充真实发现后再形成正式结论。

## Standard Chapter Structures

### Standard Empirical Discussion Chapter

```markdown
第五章 讨论

5.1 本章导言
5.2 研究概述
5.3 研究结果讨论
5.3.1 研究问题一/假设一的讨论
5.3.2 研究问题二/假设二的讨论
5.3.3 研究问题三/假设三的讨论
5.4 实践启示
5.5 研究不足与未来研究建议
5.6 研究结论
```

### Quantitative Discussion Chapter

```markdown
第五章 讨论

5.1 本章导言
5.2 主要研究发现概述
5.3 主要变量描述结果讨论
5.4 变量关系或差异结果讨论
5.4.1 ……与……关系的讨论
5.4.2 ……影响因素的讨论
5.4.3 非显著结果或异常结果的讨论
5.5 实践启示
5.6 研究不足与展望
5.7 研究结论
```

### Qualitative Discussion Chapter

```markdown
第五章 讨论

5.1 本章导言
5.2 研究发现概述
5.3 主题讨论
5.3.1 主题一的意义
5.3.2 主题二的意义
5.3.3 主题三的意义
5.4 理论解释与经验意义
5.5 实践启示
5.6 研究不足与未来研究方向
5.7 研究结论
```

### Mixed Methods Discussion Chapter

```markdown
第五章 讨论

5.1 本章导言
5.2 研究发现概述
5.3 定量结果讨论
5.4 质性结果讨论
5.5 定量与质性结果的整合讨论
5.6 实践启示
5.7 研究不足与未来研究建议
5.8 研究结论
```

### Concluding-Chapter Format

Some schools expect a broader final chapter:

```markdown
第五章 总结、讨论与结论

5.1 本章导言
5.2 研究总结
5.3 结果讨论
5.4 实践启示
5.5 未来研究建议
5.6 结论
```

## Chapter Opening

The opening is usually one or two paragraphs. It functions as an advance organizer and tells the reader what the chapter will do.

Template:

> 前一章已经对研究数据/访谈资料/文献资料进行了呈现与分析。本章将在第四章研究结果的基础上，进一步对主要发现进行解释和讨论。具体而言，本章首先简要回顾研究目的、研究问题和主要发现；其次围绕……、……和……展开讨论，并结合相关理论与既有研究分析其可能含义；最后提出实践启示、未来研究建议和研究结论。

If the chapter is only a "讨论" section and not a whole final chapter:

> 本节主要围绕第四章呈现的主要研究结果展开讨论，重点分析结果与研究问题、理论框架及既有研究之间的关系，并说明结果可能具有的理论和实践意义。

## Summary of the Study

The study summary should be brief. It restates:

- Research problem and purpose
- Theoretical or conceptual framework
- Research questions or hypotheses
- Methodology and sample/data sources
- Major findings

Do not rewrite the introduction or methodology in detail. Findings should receive the greatest emphasis.

Template:

> 本研究以……为研究对象，围绕……问题展开，旨在探讨/理解/分析……。研究基于……理论/模型，提出……个研究问题/假设。方法上，本文采用……研究方法，通过……收集资料，并运用……进行分析。研究结果显示：第一，……；第二，……；第三，……。这些发现为进一步理解……提供了经验依据。

For undergraduate papers, the summary can be one to three paragraphs unless the school requires a longer section.

## Discussion of Findings

The core discussion section may be organized by:

- Research questions
- Hypotheses
- Variables
- Qualitative themes
- Cases
- Regression models or analytical models
- Mixed-methods phases

Use the same order as the Results chapter. This helps the reader track how each result is interpreted.

For each finding, follow this sequence:

1. Restate the research question, hypothesis, variable relationship, or theme.
2. Summarize the relevant result without repeating technical detail.
3. Explain what the result means.
4. Connect the result to theory or literature.
5. Explain whether the result supports, contradicts, or extends existing knowledge.
6. Discuss possible contextual, sampling, measurement, or design reasons if needed.
7. State a cautious conclusion for that finding.

Basic template:

> 关于研究问题一，第四章结果显示……。这一结果说明……。从……理论来看，……可能是因为……。该结果与……研究中关于……的发现较为一致，表明……。但需要注意的是，本研究样本主要来自……，因此该结果更适合解释……情境下的……现象。

Hypothesis template:

> 假设一认为……。研究结果显示……，因此该假设得到支持/未得到支持。该结果意味着……。结合……理论可以发现，……。与既有研究相比，本研究的发现与……一致/存在差异，可能原因在于……。

Theme template:

> 主题一"……"反映了参与者在……方面的共同经验。该主题表明，……不仅表现为……，还体现为……。这一发现与……理论中关于……的观点相契合，也补充了已有研究主要关注……而较少关注……的不足。

Avoid in this section:

- Repeating every mean, standard deviation, F value, p value, or coefficient.
- Writing a new Results chapter.
- Making claims that exceed the study design.
- Treating correlation as causation.
- Treating a small qualitative sample as statistically representative.

## Theory and Literature Integration

Discussion should connect findings with the theoretical framework and literature reviewed earlier.

Use theory to answer:

- Does the finding support the theoretical framework?
- Does it partially support or complicate the framework?
- Does it suggest a missing mechanism, boundary condition, or contextual factor?
- Does qualitative evidence enrich or revise the conceptual model?

Use literature to answer:

- Which prior studies are supported?
- Which prior studies are contradicted?
- How does this study extend the existing knowledge base?
- Why might this study differ from previous studies?

Templates:

> 从……理论视角看，……结果可以理解为……。该理论认为……，而本研究发现……，说明……。

> 该结果与已有研究关于……的结论基本一致，进一步说明……在……群体中同样具有重要作用。

> 与部分既有研究不同，本研究未发现……。造成这一差异的可能原因包括样本特征、测量工具、研究情境以及研究设计等方面。

If the user has not supplied literature:

> 此处可补充与……相关的国内外研究进行对比，重点说明本研究结果与已有研究的一致性、差异性及可能原因。

Do not invent author names, years, or citations. Use generic wording or placeholders unless the user supplies references or requests browsing.

## Unexpected or Weak Findings

Unexpected results are not a flaw by default. They require careful explanation.

Possible explanation categories:

- Sampling: small sample, low response rate, volunteer bias, nonresponse, attrition, single-region sample, limited representativeness.
- Instrumentation: low reliability, weak validity, scale not adapted to the population, missing data, self-report bias, social desirability, inconsistent raters.
- Research design: cross-sectional design, lack of control variables, confounding variables, weak manipulation, no random assignment, contextual differences, timing of data collection.
- Statistical power: small sample, restricted range, ceiling/floor effects, low variance.
- Qualitative scope: limited cases, single data source, interviewer influence, incomplete triangulation, researcher reflexivity.

Template:

> 需要注意的是，……结果与研究预期并不完全一致。可能原因首先与样本特征有关，……；其次可能与测量工具有关，……；再次也可能受到研究设计的限制，……。因此，对该结果的解释应保持谨慎，后续研究可通过……进一步检验。

For non-significant findings:

> 本研究未发现……之间存在显著关系/差异。这一结果并不意味着二者完全无关，而是表明在本研究样本、测量工具和研究设计条件下，二者关系未达到统计显著水平。可能原因包括……。

## Quantitative Discussion Patterns

### Correlation

> 本研究发现，……与……呈显著正相关/负相关。该结果说明，在本研究样本中，……水平越高，……越可能呈现较高/较低水平。需要指出的是，相关关系并不意味着因果关系，因此该结果只能说明二者之间存在同步变化关系，不能据此断定……导致……。

### Regression or Prediction

> 回归分析结果显示，……能够显著预测……。这一发现表明，在控制/纳入相关变量后，……仍然是解释……的重要因素。结合……理论，……可能通过……影响……。然而，由于本研究采用……设计，该结果仍应理解为预测关系，而非严格因果关系。

### Group Difference

> 差异检验结果显示，不同……群体在……上存在显著差异。该结果表明，……可能与个体的……经验或情境有关。造成差异的可能原因包括……。这一发现提示，在理解……时需要考虑群体背景差异。

### Non-Significant Quantitative Result

> 与研究假设不同，本研究未发现……在……上存在显著差异。可能原因在于……。此外，本研究样本在……方面较为集中，可能限制了变量差异的显现。因此，后续研究可扩大样本来源，并进一步控制……因素。

## Qualitative Discussion Patterns

Qualitative discussion should explain the meaning of themes, cases, and lived experiences rather than turning them into statistical claims.

Use qualitative discussion to address:

- What the theme reveals about participants' experience or meaning-making
- How themes relate to one another
- Whether the cases show shared patterns or important differences
- How the findings enrich theory or practice
- How context shapes the findings

Theme discussion template:

> "……"主题揭示了参与者在……过程中的重要经验。该主题不仅体现为……，也表现出……。从资料整体看，参与者对……的理解与其……经历密切相关。该发现提示，理解……不能仅关注个体层面因素，还应考虑……情境。

Cross-case discussion template:

> 跨案例比较显示，不同案例在……方面具有共同性，但在……方面存在差异。共同性说明……可能是该群体较普遍的经验；差异性则提示，……受到个体背景、资源条件或情境因素的影响。

Transferability wording:

> 由于本研究采用质性研究设计，研究目的并非进行统计推断，而是通过具体情境中的资料分析深化对……的理解。因此，本研究发现的适用性主要体现为对相似情境的启发和参考。

## Mixed Methods Discussion Patterns

Mixed methods discussion should show how the two strands relate:

- Convergence: quantitative and qualitative findings point in the same direction.
- Divergence: quantitative and qualitative findings appear inconsistent.
- Complementarity: qualitative data explain or enrich quantitative results.
- Expansion: one strand reveals issues not captured by the other.

Template:

> 从混合研究结果看，定量分析显示……，质性资料则进一步揭示……。两类结果在……方面相互印证，说明……。同时，质性资料补充显示……，这有助于解释定量结果中……的形成原因。

Divergence template:

> 值得注意的是，定量结果与质性结果在……方面存在一定差异。定量结果显示……，而访谈资料中参与者更多强调……。这种差异可能与两类资料关注层面不同有关：问卷结果反映总体趋势，访谈资料则呈现个体经验和情境细节。

## Intervention-Scheme and Literature-Review Discussions

### Intervention-Scheme Design Without Implementation

If the paper designs a psychological intervention but does not implement it, do not discuss effectiveness as a finding.

Discuss:

- Why the scheme is theoretically reasonable
- How the intervention targets map to the problem mechanism
- How the session activities correspond to intervention goals
- Feasibility and ethical/risk-control considerations
- Expected application value as a hypothesis or design rationale
- How future implementation could evaluate effectiveness

Template:

> 本研究形成的干预方案主要基于……理论，并围绕……问题机制设置干预目标。从方案结构看，……环节旨在……，……环节旨在……。由于本研究未实际实施干预，本文不能得出方案有效性的结论，但可以从理论契合度、实施可行性和评价设计三个方面讨论其应用价值。

### Literature Review or Systematic Review

Discuss:

- Main evidence patterns
- Areas of consensus and disagreement
- Methodological quality of included literature
- Conceptual or practical gaps
- Future research directions

Template:

> 综合纳入文献可以发现，现有研究主要集中在……、……和……三个方面。其中，关于……的研究结论较为一致，而关于……仍存在分歧。造成分歧的原因可能与研究对象、测量工具和研究设计差异有关。

## Practical Implications

Implications translate findings into practice. They must be tied to the findings, not personal opinion.

Possible stakeholder categories:

- Students or clients
- Parents or families
- Teachers or counselors
- School administrators
- Community organizations
- Human resource managers
- Policymakers
- Future researchers

Write implications by using this sequence:

1. Identify the finding.
2. Name the stakeholder.
3. State what the finding suggests for practice.
4. Add a feasible action.
5. Preserve caution and scope.

Template:

> 基于……结果，学校心理健康教育工作者可在……方面加强支持。具体而言，可通过……帮助学生……。需要注意的是，该建议主要适用于……情境，具体实施时仍需结合学生个体差异和学校资源条件。

Multiple-stakeholder template:

> 对教师而言，本研究提示……；对学校管理者而言，……；对家庭而言，……。这些启示均来源于本研究关于……的发现，其目的在于为……提供参考。

Avoid:

- Broad policy claims from a small undergraduate sample.
- Clinical or therapeutic recommendations without qualifications.
- "必须", "一定", "必然提高" unless evidence is strong.
- Implications that are unrelated to results.

## Recommendations for Future Research

Recommendations should be based on findings, limitations, unanswered questions, and possible improvements.

Possible recommendation sources:

- Additional independent variables
- Additional dependent variables or outcomes
- Different populations or larger samples
- Longitudinal or experimental designs
- Improved instruments
- Mixed methods to explain mechanisms
- More detailed qualitative case studies
- Cross-cultural or cross-regional comparisons
- Intervention implementation and effectiveness evaluation

Template:

> 后续研究可从以下方面进一步拓展。第一，可扩大样本来源，将……群体纳入研究，以提高研究结论的适用范围。第二，可采用纵向研究设计，进一步考察……随时间变化的过程。第三，可结合访谈或案例研究，深入理解……背后的具体机制。

Method-improvement template:

> 本研究采用……方法，能够初步揭示……，但仍难以充分解释……的形成机制。未来研究可在量化分析基础上加入访谈资料，或采用纵向追踪设计，以进一步检验……关系的稳定性。

Do not state future recommendations as conclusions. Use phrases such as:

- "后续研究可进一步"
- "未来可考虑"
- "有必要在……样本中继续检验"
- "可通过……方法加以验证"

## Conclusions

Conclusions are not simple summaries of results. They are defensible assertions based on the findings.

A weak conclusion merely repeats a result:

> 男女生在……上的得分不存在显著差异。

A stronger conclusion explains what can be concluded:

> 在本研究样本中，性别并不是解释……差异的关键因素，说明该现象可能更多受到……等因素影响。

Conclusion rules:

- Base every conclusion on results already reported.
- Address the research questions or hypotheses.
- State the study's contribution to knowledge or practice.
- Do not generalize beyond sample and design.
- Do not introduce new evidence.
- Keep conclusions concise.

Template:

> 综合研究结果，本文得出以下结论。第一，……。第二，……。第三，……。总体而言，本研究表明……，为理解……提供了经验依据，也为……实践提供了参考。

For qualitative studies:

> 本研究通过对……资料的分析发现，……群体在……方面呈现出……、……和……等主要经验。上述发现深化了对……的理解，并提示后续研究和实践应更加关注……。

For intervention-scheme design:

> 本研究基于……理论构建了面向……的心理干预方案。方案围绕……目标设置活动内容，具有一定理论依据和实践参考价值。但由于未进行实际实施和效果评估，方案有效性仍需在未来研究中通过实证数据加以检验。

## Chinese Templates

### Full Discussion Chapter Skeleton

```markdown
第五章 讨论

5.1 本章导言
前一章已经对……进行了呈现与分析。本章将在上述结果基础上……

5.2 研究结果概述
本研究围绕……展开，旨在……。研究结果主要包括……

5.3 主要结果讨论
5.3.1 关于……的讨论
第四章结果显示……。这一结果说明……。结合……理论和已有研究，可以从……方面理解该结果。

5.3.2 关于……的讨论
……

5.4 实践启示
基于上述结果，本文认为……

5.5 研究不足与未来展望
本研究仍存在以下不足……

5.6 研究结论
综合研究结果，本文得出以下结论……
```

### Finding-by-Finding Discussion Paragraph

```markdown
关于……，研究结果显示……。这一发现表明……。从……理论来看，……。与已有研究相比，该结果与……基本一致/存在差异，可能原因在于……。因此，可以认为，在本研究样本和研究情境下，……。
```

### Unexpected Finding Paragraph

```markdown
与研究预期不同，本研究未发现/发现……。这一结果可能与……有关。首先，……；其次，……；再次，……。因此，对该结果的解释应保持谨慎，后续研究可通过……进一步验证。
```

### Practice Implication Paragraph

```markdown
本研究关于……的发现对……具有一定启示。具体而言，……可通过……帮助/促进/改善……。同时，在实践应用中应注意……，避免将本研究结果简单推广至……。
```

### Future Research Paragraph

```markdown
未来研究可在以下方面继续推进。第一，……。第二，……。第三，……。通过上述改进，可进一步检验……，并深化对……的理解。
```

### Conclusion Paragraph

```markdown
综上所述，本研究表明……。研究结果不仅回应了……研究问题，也为……提供了经验依据。受样本、方法和研究情境限制，相关结论仍需在后续研究中进一步检验。
```

## Revision Checklist

Before finalizing, check:

- Does the chapter stay within discussion, implications, recommendations, and conclusions?
- Are all interpretations based on reported findings?
- Does the order match the Results chapter?
- Are research questions, hypotheses, variables, or themes discussed explicitly?
- Are theory and literature integrated rather than merely listed?
- Are unexpected findings explained cautiously?
- Are sampling, instrumentation, and design limitations considered when relevant?
- Are practical implications tied to specific findings?
- Are future recommendations based on data gaps or limitations?
- Are conclusions stronger than a mere summary but not broader than the data support?
- Is there no new data, new analysis, or unsupported citation?
- Does the writing avoid causal claims when the design is correlational or cross-sectional?
- Does the chapter end with a clear closing statement for the whole thesis?


path: agents/openai.yaml
content: interface:
  display_name: "Thesis Discussion Writer"
  short_description: "Chinese academic discussion chapter writer"
  default_prompt: "Use $thesis-discussion-writer to write a rigorous Chinese discussion chapter from my findings, theory, literature, limitations, implications, and recommendations."


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