A Comprehensive Guide to Learning Smart Contract Security: From Scratch to Advanced

Introduction
------------

Welcome to your journey into the world of smart contract security! This guide will take you through all the necessary steps to understand and master the art of building secure decentralized applications (dApps). We will explore various resources, starting from blockchain basics and gradually diving deeper into understanding Solidity, the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), and finally, delving into advanced security concepts and best practices. So let's get started!

Blockchain Fundamentals
-----------------------

Before we dive into smart contract development, it is crucial to grasp basic blockchain principles. To do so, watch this fantastic introductory series called "Blockchain Fundamentals" by Dan Boneh : 

https://youtu.be/V0JdeRzVndI

Additionally, familiarize yourself with interactive blockchain demos using Anders Brownworth's platform : 

-   <https://andersbrownworth.com/blockchain/block>
    
https://youtu.be/V0JdeRzVndI
    
https://youtu.be/_160oMzblY8

Learning Solidity
-----------------

Now, let us move forward and begin our adventure into smart contract programming with Solidity. 

 Solidity is a high-level, statically typed programming language designed explicitly for implementing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain platform. Its syntax shares similarities with JavaScript, C++, and Python, making it relatively accessible to programmers already experienced with those languages. As a contract-oriented language, Solidity enables developers to create tamper-proof and transparent applications without central authority or trust issues. With features such as inheritance, user-defined types, libraries, and complex user-defined functions, Solidity offers versatile solutions tailored to various business logic requirements, ultimately leading to increased efficiency and cost reduction compared to traditional paperwork processes.

Solidity Course AI - Powered [Playlist](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4Rj_WH6yLgWe7TxankiqkrkVKXIwOP42&si=w7bAsvZXz7i_sxBk)

https://youtu.be/umepbfKp5rI

https://youtu.be/sas02qSFZ74

https://youtu.be/wUjYK5gwNZs

Start off with this super quick glance at Solidity :

-   <https://solidity-walkthrough.vercel.app/>

Then proceed to learn step-by-step with CryptoZombies :

-   <https://cryptozombies.io/en/course/>

Afterward, visit Solidity By Example to strengthen your knowledge further via video explanations 

-   <https://solidity-by-example.org/>

Learn with Cyfrin Updraft courses by Patrick Collins

-   <https://updraft.cyfrin.io/>

Getting Hands-on Hardhat
------------------------

 Hardhat is an open-source development environment designed specifically for Ethereum software developers. Built on top of the Ethereum ecosystem, Hardhat offers several features such as local node deployment, automated tests, scriptable deployments, debugging capabilities, and customizable hardhat networks. Its modular design allows developers to extend its functionalities easily via plugins, making it highly adaptable to different project requirements. With support for both JavaScript and TypeScript languages, Hardhat aims to streamline the process of developing, testing, and deploying smart contracts across multiple chains, offering improved developer productivity and enhanced user experience. Overall, Hardhat simplifies the complex tasks involved in creating, debugging, and launching smart contracts, enabling developers to focus more on their core logic rather than dealing with intricate infrastructure issues.

It's time to apply what you've learned. Begin by exploring HardHat's tutorial 

-   <https://hardhat.org/tutorial>

https://youtu.be/gyMwXuJrbJQ

Once comfortable, jump into the extensive 32-hour free Code Camp Course which uses Hardhat as well 

Test your skills with a mini-project like Tic Tac Token using Foundry 

-   <https://book.tictactoken.co/>

The EVM
-------

 The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is the virtual machine component of the Ethereum protocol responsible for executing smart contracts on the Ethereum network. It serves as a runtime environment where each node in the network runs coded functions specified in smart contracts. The EVM uses gas, a form of internal transaction pricing, to allocate computational power based on demand. Each instruction executed inside the EVM consumes certain amounts of gas proportional to their complexity. By design, the EVM ensures deterministic computation, fault tolerance, and isolation among different applications running on the platform. With the ability to execute arbitrary logic, the EVM enables developers to create complex decentralized applications (DApps), token standards, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms on top of the Ethereum ecosystem.

First, examine Yul (the intermediate language)

-   <https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/yul.html>

### EVM Codes 

[EVM Codes ](https://www.evm.codes/)serve as a potent instrument for comprehending the EVM's internal mechanisms. Its interactive analysis tools streamline the process of deciphering raw EVM code, empowering developers to create safer and more performant smart contracts. Utilizing platforms such as EVM Codes should form part of any serious developer's arsenal when venturing into Ethereum smart contract engineering.

-   Interactive Disassembly

-   Stack Visualization

-   Debugging Capabilities

-   Integrated Gas Estimation

### EtherVM 

EtherVM is an open-source platform designed to educate users about the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and its underlying functionalities. Providing detailed information regarding execution contexts, opcodes, memory management, stack operations, and gas costs, EtherVM serves as an essential reference point for both beginners and experienced developers. Its intuitive interface facilitates easy navigation between different components, allowing visitors to access pertinent information swiftly. Furthermore, EtherVM offers an integrated debugger, enabling users to experiment with custom contracts and observe the resulting output and state changes in real time. Overall, EtherVM stands out as a powerful and accessible resource for anyone looking to enhance their comprehension of the EVM and sharpen their skills in developing efficient and secure smart contracts. You may find EtherVM useful at

-   [ https://www.ethervm.io/](https://www.ethervm.io/)

and try out some coding exercises provided here: 

-   <https://github.com/fvictorio/evm-puzzles>

-   <https://github.com/daltyboy11/more-evm-puzzles>

-   [Matta's blog about solving those challenges differently](https://medium.com/@mattaereal/solving-more-evm-puzzles-differently-part-i-170f2516b88d)

Challenges
----------

(EVM) puzzles are an engaging way to learn EVM assembly and improve your smart contract audit skills. They challenge users to reverse engineer and modify existing smart contracts, providing hands-on experience dealing with potential vulnerabilities and optimizations.

As you progress, tackle increasingly complex problems such as Yet 

-   [Another EVM Puzzle ](https://github.com/mattaereal/yet-another-evm-puzzle/)

-   [Another EVM Puzzle by tincho ](https://www.notonlyowner.com/writeups/yet-another-evm-puzzle/)

-   [EVM puzzles](https://github.com/fvictorio/evm-puzzles)

These challenges provide practical exposure to real-world issues faced during smart contract auditing.

### Resources

-   [To reinforce your understanding, skim through Solidity Data Representation ](https://ethdebug.github.io/solidity-data-representation/)

-   [The EVM Handbook -- a vast collection of curated references](https://github.com/0xKitsune/EVM-Book) 

-   [Solidity Documentation ](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/)

-   [OpenZeppelin's contracts -- widely used Solidity libraries.](https://openzeppelin.com/contracts/)

RoadMaps & Blogs
----------------

In addition to the previously suggested resources, consider exploring the following articles, blog posts, and career guidance materials to expand your understanding of smart contract security and gain insights into becoming a proficient developer or auditor.

-   [A Journey Into Smart Contract Security](https://medium.com/@mattaereal/a-journey-into-smart-contract-security-3115ff480f28)

-   [How to become a smart contract auditor](https://cmichel.io/how-to-become-a-smart-contract-auditor/)

-   [How to Develop Smart Contracts for Ethereum Blockchain](https://web3.career/learn-web3)

-   [Roadmap for Web3/Smart Contracts hacking 2022](https://sm4rty.medium.com/roadmap-for-web3-smart-contract-hacking-2022-229e4e1565f9)

### Additional Resources:

Take advantage of the subsequent extended learning opportunities to develop a strong foundation and refine your skill set in smart contract security.

-   [Working in Web3 - The handbook](https://web3.smsunarto.com/)

-   [solidity-patterns](https://fravoll.github.io/solidity-patterns/)

Embark on rigorous training programs aimed at preparing you for professional roles in the field of smart contract security.

-   [Cryptocurrency Class 2022: Delivered by Patrick McCorry via Infura](https://cryptocurrencyclass.github.io/)

-   [How to become an auditor and hunter by CIA officer](https://officercia.mirror.xyz/FvMKbibx7gDlufgZSkmYn77CI8HPBsVCeqUKmpXHr0k)

Security 
---------

Deepen your understanding of smart contract security by delving into detailed guidelines, best practices, case studies, and literature covering various threat vectors, defense mechanisms, and lessons learned from actual incidents.

-   [Hack the blockchain](https://www.notion.so/Blockchain-security-guide-b26aec3d920e414d8a354618d3e36eb4?pvs=4#fb2cb4d8669249b6bf1921910993f52e)

#### Good Practices and Patterns

-   [Solidity Security Anti-Patterns](https://blog.sigmaprime.io/solidity-security.html)

-   [DeFi Security Practices](https://www.certik.com/resources/blog/top-10-defi-security-best-practices)

-   [Building Security Contract](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts)

-   [Solidity Security Blog](https://github.com/sigp/solidity-security-blog)

### Checklists and Standards

Refer to checklists and standards throughout your development process to ensure compliance with industry norms and maintain optimal security postures.

-   [The Ultimate Checklist](https://betterprogramming.pub/the-ultimate-100-point-checklist-before-sending-your-smart-contract-for-audit-af9a5b5d95d0)

-   [Understand SWC Registry](https://swcregistry.io/)

### Repositories and Books:

Explore additional resources, repositories, and books addressing smart contract security concerns.

-   [CryptoVulhub](https://github.com/Rivaill/CryptoVulhub)

-   [The Auditor Book](https://theauditorbook.com/)

-   [Solidit](https://solodit.xyz/)

Vulnerable Labs
---------------

Experience immersive, simulated environments where you can put your newfound skills to the test against challenging adversaries.

-   [Damn Vulnerable DeFi](https://damnvulnerabledefi.xyz/)

-   [DeFi Security Summit Stanford](https://github.com/secureum/DeFi-Security-Summit-Stanford)

-   [Ethernaut](https://ethernaut.openzeppelin.com/) 

-   [Solutions](https://cmichel.io/ethernaut-solutions/)

-   [Capture the Ether](https://capturetheether.com/)

-   [Etheruem Hacker](https://ethereumhacker.com/)

Bounties
--------

Monetize your talents and participate actively in detecting and resolving vulnerabilities across multiple platforms catering to both blockchain and general-purpose domains. Employees, freelancers, enthusiasts, and researchers may find exciting opportunities to apply their acquired expertise and contribute meaningfully to organizations operating in the space.

Blockchain and Web3 Platforms:

-   [Immunefi](https://immunefi.com/)

-   [Code4rena](https://code4rena.com/)

-   [HackenProof](https://hackenproof.com/)

-   [GitCoin Bounties](https://gitcoin.co/)

-   [CodeHawks](https://www.codehawks.com/)

### General Purpose Platforms:

Extend your search beyond niche markets and join renowned bug bounty providers hosting competitions spanning diverse industries and technologies.

-   [HackerOne](https://www.hackerone.com/)

-   [Bugcrowd](https://www.bugcrowd.com/)

Job Opportunities
-----------------

Pinpoint suitable positions aligning with your unique strengths and interests by visiting websites dedicated exclusively to publishing vacancies within the blockchain realm.

-   [web3.career](http://web3.career/)

-   [web3internships.com](https://remote3.co/?ref=web3internships.com)

-   [All Jobs in Web3](https://www.alljobsinweb3.com/)

-   [Cryptocurrency Jobs](https://cryptocurrencyjobs.co/)

-   [DEFI JOBS](https://defi.jobs/)

-   [BuildSpace](https://jobs.buildspace.so/)

-   [UseWeb3](https://useweb3.xyz/)

-   [WEB3 Pallet](https://web-3.pallet.com/)

-   [Pomp Crypto Jobs](https://pompcryptojobs.com/)

-   [Remote3](https://remote3.co/)

Community
---------

Participate proactively in discussions, share ideas, seek feedback, and exchange resources with like-minded individuals connected through thriving online networks.

-   [WebtrES (Spanish)](https://discord.gg/C6FZHydv)

-   [ManijasDev (Spanish)](https://discord.gg/umBsGP3d)

-   [EthSecurity (English)](https://discord.gg/22nBtRF2)

[Apprenticeships, Fellowships, Internships, and Entry Level Roles](https://www.google.com/search?q=%28%22apprenticeship%22+OR+%22internship%22+OR+%22fellowship%22%29+AND+%28web3+OR+solidity%29&biw=1422&bih=703&sxsrf=ALiCzsZmINcb2gzrBxC2FNBJ3QbtcefeXQ%3A1668437610892&ei=alZyY-6INvve1sQPsI2w4Aw&ved=0ahUKEwju5YG59q37AhV7r5UCHbAGDMwQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=%28%22apprenticeship%22+OR+%22internship%22+OR+%22fellowship%22%29+AND+%28web3+OR+solidity%29&gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQAzoHCCMQsAMQJzoKCAAQRxDWBBCwAzoECCMQJzoFCAAQogQ6BwgjELACECc6CgghEMMEEAoQoAFKBAhBGABKBAhGGABQ4AhYqegBYKzrAWgGcAF4AYABuwGIAcAhkgEFMzguMTCYAQCgAQHIAQnAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp)

Conclusion
----------

This comprehensive roadmap provides ample resources covering everything from fundamental blockchain concepts to advanced smart contract security techniques. With dedication and practice, you can confidently build secure dApps and smart Contracts. Contribute positively to the ever-growing blockchain ecosystem. Good luck, and happy learning!

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Source :-https://tutorialboy24.blogspot.com/2024/04/a-comprehensive-guide-to-learning-smart.html