PostgreSQL の パーティーションテーブル の運用について

PostgreSQL でパーテーションテーブルを使い、大量データの投入と削除を行い、その処理時間を計測してみます。

## 環境構築

[こちらの手順](https://qiita.com/unr/items/edacfb9dac8ca27aa470)で作成しました。

## データベース構成

```
bkiban=# \l
                                                    List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding | Locale Provider |  Collate   |   Ctype    | Locale | ICU Rules |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------+-----------+-----------------------
 bkiban    | postgres | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           |
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |                 |            |            |        |           | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |                 |            |            |        |           | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)

bkiban=#
```

bkiban を使っていきます。

## create table

```
bkiban=# \dt
Did not find any relations.
bkiban=#
```

bkiban データベースは空の状態です。

```
bkiban=# CREATE TABLE kihon (
  id  integer NOT NULL
  , id1 varchar(8) NOT NULL
  , id2 char(5) NOT NULL
  , start_dt timestamp
  , end_dt timestamp
  , created_at timestamp NOT NULL
  , updated_at timestamp NOT NULL
  , CONSTRAINT kihon_pkey PRIMARY KEY(id, end_dt)
) PARTITION BY RANGE (end_dt);
CREATE TABLE
bkiban=#
bkiban=# \dt;
                   List of relations
 Schema |      Name      |       Type        |  Owner
--------+----------------+-------------------+----------
 public | kihon          | partitioned table | postgres
 public | kihon_y2024m11 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2024m12 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m01 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m02 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m03 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m04 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m05 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m06 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m07 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m08 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m09 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m10 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m11 | table             | postgres
 public | kihon_y2025m12 | table             | postgres
(15 rows)

bkiban=#
```

## テーブルサイズ

```
bkiban=# SELECT pgn.nspname, relname, pg_size_pretty(relpages::bigint * 8 * 1024) AS size, CASE WHEN relkind =
't' THEN (SELECT pgd.relname FROM pg_class pgd WHERE pgd.reltoastrelid = pg.oid) WHEN nspname =
'pg_toast' AND relkind = 'i' THEN (SELECT pgt.relname FROM pg_class pgt WHERE SUBSTRING(pgt.relname
FROM 10) = REPLACE(SUBSTRING(pg.relname FROM 10), '_index', '')) ELSE (SELECT pgc.relname FROM
pg_class pgc WHERE pg.reltoastrelid = pgc.oid) END::varchar AS refrelname, CASE WHEN nspname =
'pg_toast' AND relkind = 'i' THEN (SELECT pgts.relname FROM pg_class pgts WHERE pgts.reltoastrelid =
(SELECT pgt.oid FROM pg_class pgt WHERE SUBSTRING(pgt.relname FROM 10) = REPLACE(SUBSTRING(pg.relname
FROM 10), '_index', ''))) END AS relidxrefrelname, relfilenode, relkind, reltuples::bigint, relpages
FROM pg_class pg, pg_namespace pgn WHERE relname LIKE 'kihon%' AND pg.relnamespace = pgn.oid AND pgn.nspname NOT IN
('information_schema', 'pg_catalog') ORDER BY relname, relpages DESC;
 nspname |       relname       |    size    | refrelname | relidxrefrelname | relfilenode | relkind | reltuples | relpages
---------+---------------------+------------+------------+------------------+-------------+---------+-----------+----------
 public  | kihon               | 0 bytes    |            |                  |           0 | p       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_pkey          | 0 bytes    |            |                  |           0 | I       |         0 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2024m11      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16609 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2024m11_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16612 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2024m12      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16614 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2024m12_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16617 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m01      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16619 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m01_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16622 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m02      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16624 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m02_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16627 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m03      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16629 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m03_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16632 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m04      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16634 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m04_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16637 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m05      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16639 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m05_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16642 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m06      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16644 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m06_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16647 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m07      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16649 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m07_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16652 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m08      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16654 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m08_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16657 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m09      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16659 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m09_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16662 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m10      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16664 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m10_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16667 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m11      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16669 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m11_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16672 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m12      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16674 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m12_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16677 | i       |         0 |        1
(30 rows)

bkiban=#
```

## データ投入

以下のストアド・ファンクションで 1 か月分投入してみます。

```
create or replace function test() returns text AS $$
declare
  myrow record;
  i integer := 1;
  j integer := 1;
  id1 varchar(8) := 'A' || substring(to_char(j, '0000009'), 2, 100);
  id2 char(5) := 'V' || substring(to_char(j, '0009'), 2, 100);
  wk_id integer := 1;
  wk_offset timestamp := '2024-11-01 00:00:00';
  wk_current timestamp := wk_offset;
  wk_current2 timestamp := wk_current + interval '6 hours';
begin
  LOOP
    EXIT WHEN i > 30;
    LOOP
      EXIT WHEN j > 50000;
      INSERT INTO kihon VALUES (wk_id, id1, id2, wk_current, wk_current2, now(), now());
      wk_id := wk_id + 1;
      j := j + 1;
      id1 := 'A' || substring(to_char(j, '0000009'), 2, 100);
      id2 := 'V' || substring(to_char(j%10000, '0009'), 2, 100);
      wk_current := wk_current + interval '1 second';
      wk_current2 := wk_current2 + interval '1 second';
    END LOOP;
    i := i + 1;
    j := 1;
    wk_offset := wk_offset + interval '1 day';
    wk_current := wk_offset;
    wk_current2 := wk_current + interval '6 hours';
  END LOOP;
  return 'fine';
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
```

実行してみました。

```
bkiban=# select * from test();
 test
------
 fine
(1 row)

bkiban=#
bkiban=# select count(*) from kihon;
  count
---------
 1500000
(1 row)

bkiban=# select * from kihon order by id limit 5;
 id |   id1    |  id2  |      start_dt       |       end_dt        |         created_at         |         updated_at
----+----------+-------+---------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
  1 | A0000001 | V0001 | 2024-11-01 00:00:00 | 2024-11-01 06:00:00 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
  2 | A0000002 | V0002 | 2024-11-01 00:00:01 | 2024-11-01 06:00:01 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
  3 | A0000003 | V0003 | 2024-11-01 00:00:02 | 2024-11-01 06:00:02 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
  4 | A0000004 | V0004 | 2024-11-01 00:00:03 | 2024-11-01 06:00:03 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
  5 | A0000005 | V0005 | 2024-11-01 00:00:04 | 2024-11-01 06:00:04 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
(5 rows)

bkiban=# select * from kihon order by id DESC limit 5;
   id    |   id1    |  id2  |      start_dt       |       end_dt        |         created_at         |         updated_at
---------+----------+-------+---------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
 1500000 | A0050000 | V0000 | 2024-11-30 13:53:19 | 2024-11-30 19:53:19 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
 1499999 | A0049999 | V9999 | 2024-11-30 13:53:18 | 2024-11-30 19:53:18 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
 1499998 | A0049998 | V9998 | 2024-11-30 13:53:17 | 2024-11-30 19:53:17 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
 1499997 | A0049997 | V9997 | 2024-11-30 13:53:16 | 2024-11-30 19:53:16 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
 1499996 | A0049996 | V9996 | 2024-11-30 13:53:15 | 2024-11-30 19:53:15 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897 | 2024-11-17 03:53:36.024897
(5 rows)

bkiban=#
bkiban=# SELECT pgn.nspname, relname, pg_size_pretty(relpages::bigint * 8 * 1024) AS size, CASE WHEN relkind =
't' THEN (SELECT pgd.relname FROM pg_class pgd WHERE pgd.reltoastrelid = pg.oid) WHEN nspname =
'pg_toast' AND relkind = 'i' THEN (SELECT pgt.relname FROM pg_class pgt WHERE SUBSTRING(pgt.relname
FROM 10) = REPLACE(SUBSTRING(pg.relname FROM 10), '_index', '')) ELSE (SELECT pgc.relname FROM
pg_class pgc WHERE pg.reltoastrelid = pgc.oid) END::varchar AS refrelname, CASE WHEN nspname =
'pg_toast' AND relkind = 'i' THEN (SELECT pgts.relname FROM pg_class pgts WHERE pgts.reltoastrelid =
(SELECT pgt.oid FROM pg_class pgt WHERE SUBSTRING(pgt.relname FROM 10) = REPLACE(SUBSTRING(pg.relname
FROM 10), '_index', ''))) END AS relidxrefrelname, relfilenode, relkind, reltuples::bigint, relpages
FROM pg_class pg, pg_namespace pgn WHERE relname LIKE 'kihon%' AND pg.relnamespace = pgn.oid AND pgn.nspname NOT IN
('information_schema', 'pg_catalog') ORDER BY relname, relpages DESC;
 nspname |       relname       |    size    | refrelname | relidxrefrelname | relfilenode | relkind | reltuples | relpages
---------+---------------------+------------+------------+------------------+-------------+---------+-----------+----------
 public  | kihon               | 0 bytes    |            |                  |           0 | p       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_pkey          | 0 bytes    |            |                  |           0 | I       |         0 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2024m11      | 121 MB     |            |                  |       16609 | r       |   1500000 |    15464
 public  | kihon_y2024m11_pkey | 45 MB      |            |                  |       16612 | i       |   1500000 |     5770
 public  | kihon_y2024m12      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16614 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2024m12_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16617 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m01      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16619 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m01_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16622 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m02      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16624 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m02_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16627 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m03      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16629 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m03_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16632 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m04      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16634 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m04_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16637 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m05      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16639 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m05_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16642 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m06      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16644 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m06_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16647 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m07      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16649 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m07_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16652 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m08      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16654 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m08_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16657 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m09      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16659 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m09_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16662 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m10      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16664 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m10_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16667 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m11      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16669 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m11_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16672 | i       |         0 |        1
 public  | kihon_y2025m12      | 0 bytes    |            |                  |       16674 | r       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2025m12_pkey | 8192 bytes |            |                  |       16677 | i       |         0 |        1
(30 rows)

bkiban=#
```

よさそうです。１３か月分投入してみます。

```
bkiban=# select count(*) from kihon;
  count
----------
 21300000
(1 row)

bkiban=# select * from kihon order by id DESC limit 5;
    id    |   id1    |  id2  |      start_dt       |       end_dt        |         created_at         |         updated_at
----------+----------+-------+---------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
 21300000 | A0050000 | V0000 | 2025-12-31 13:53:19 | 2025-12-31 19:53:19 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601
 21299999 | A0049999 | V9999 | 2025-12-31 13:53:18 | 2025-12-31 19:53:18 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601
 21299998 | A0049998 | V9998 | 2025-12-31 13:53:17 | 2025-12-31 19:53:17 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601
 21299997 | A0049997 | V9997 | 2025-12-31 13:53:16 | 2025-12-31 19:53:16 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601
 21299996 | A0049996 | V9996 | 2025-12-31 13:53:15 | 2025-12-31 19:53:15 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601 | 2024-11-17 04:32:23.808601
(5 rows)

bkiban=# SELECT pgn.nspname, relname, pg_size_pretty(relpages::bigint * 8 * 1024) AS size, CASE WHEN relkind =
't' THEN (SELECT pgd.relname FROM pg_class pgd WHERE pgd.reltoastrelid = pg.oid) WHEN nspname =
'pg_toast' AND relkind = 'i' THEN (SELECT pgt.relname FROM pg_class pgt WHERE SUBSTRING(pgt.relname
FROM 10) = REPLACE(SUBSTRING(pg.relname FROM 10), '_index', '')) ELSE (SELECT pgc.relname FROM
pg_class pgc WHERE pg.reltoastrelid = pgc.oid) END::varchar AS refrelname, CASE WHEN nspname =
'pg_toast' AND relkind = 'i' THEN (SELECT pgts.relname FROM pg_class pgts WHERE pgts.reltoastrelid =
(SELECT pgt.oid FROM pg_class pgt WHERE SUBSTRING(pgt.relname FROM 10) = REPLACE(SUBSTRING(pg.relname
FROM 10), '_index', ''))) END AS relidxrefrelname, relfilenode, relkind, reltuples::bigint, relpages
FROM pg_class pg, pg_namespace pgn WHERE relname LIKE 'kihon%' AND pg.relnamespace = pgn.oid AND pgn.nspname NOT IN
('information_schema', 'pg_catalog') ORDER BY relname, relpages DESC;
 nspname |       relname       |  size   | refrelname | relidxrefrelname | relfilenode | relkind | reltuples | relpages
---------+---------------------+---------+------------+------------------+-------------+---------+-----------+----------
 public  | kihon               | 0 bytes |            |                  |           0 | p       |        -1 |        0
 public  | kihon_pkey          | 0 bytes |            |                  |           0 | I       |         0 |        0
 public  | kihon_y2024m11      | 121 MB  |            |                  |       16685 | r       |   1500000 |    15464
 public  | kihon_y2024m11_pkey | 45 MB   |            |                  |       16688 | i       |   1500000 |     5770
 public  | kihon_y2024m12      | 125 MB  |            |                  |       16690 | r       |   1550000 |    15980
 public  | kihon_y2024m12_pkey | 47 MB   |            |                  |       16693 | i       |   1550000 |     5962
 public  | kihon_y2025m01      | 125 MB  |            |                  |       16695 | r       |   1550000 |    15980
 public  | kihon_y2025m01_pkey | 47 MB   |            |                  |       16698 | i       |   1550000 |     5962
 public  | kihon_y2025m02      | 113 MB  |            |                  |       16700 | r       |   1400000 |    14433
 public  | kihon_y2025m02_pkey | 42 MB   |            |                  |       16703 | i       |   1400000 |     5385
 public  | kihon_y2025m03      | 125 MB  |            |                  |       16705 | r       |   1550000 |    15980
 public  | kihon_y2025m03_pkey | 47 MB   |            |                  |       16708 | i       |   1550000 |     5962
 public  | kihon_y2025m04      | 121 MB  |            |                  |       16710 | r       |   1500000 |    15464
 public  | kihon_y2025m04_pkey | 45 MB   |            |                  |       16713 | i       |   1500000 |     5770
 public  | kihon_y2025m05      | 125 MB  |            |                  |       16715 | r       |   1550000 |    15980
 public  | kihon_y2025m05_pkey | 47 MB   |            |                  |       16718 | i       |   1550000 |     5962
 public  | kihon_y2025m06      | 121 MB  |            |                  |       16720 | r       |   1500000 |    15464
 public  | kihon_y2025m06_pkey | 45 MB   |            |                  |       16723 | i       |   1500000 |     5770
 public  | kihon_y2025m07      | 125 MB  |            |                  |       16725 | r       |   1550000 |    15980
 public  | kihon_y2025m07_pkey | 47 MB   |            |                  |       16728 | i       |   1550000 |     5962
 public  | kihon_y2025m08      | 125 MB  |            |                  |       16730 | r       |   1550000 |    15980
 public  | kihon_y2025m08_pkey | 47 MB   |            |                  |       16733 | i       |   1550000 |     5962
 public  | kihon_y2025m09      | 121 MB  |            |                  |       16735 | r       |   1500000 |    15464
 public  | kihon_y2025m09_pkey | 45 MB   |            |                  |       16738 | i       |   1500000 |     5770
 public  | kihon_y2025m10      | 125 MB  |            |                  |       16740 | r       |   1550000 |    15980
 public  | kihon_y2025m10_pkey | 47 MB   |            |                  |       16743 | i       |   1550000 |     5962
 public  | kihon_y2025m11      | 121 MB  |            |                  |       16745 | r       |   1500000 |    15464
 public  | kihon_y2025m11_pkey | 45 MB   |            |                  |       16748 | i       |   1500000 |     5770
 public  | kihon_y2025m12      | 125 MB  |            |                  |       16750 | r       |   1550000 |    15980
 public  | kihon_y2025m12_pkey | 47 MB   |            |                  |       16753 | i       |   1550000 |     5962
(30 rows)

bkiban=#
```

よさそうです。``` select count(*) ``` は 30 秒ほどかかりました。

## 1 日分のデータを消すのに何秒かかるのか？

やりたかったことは「1 日分のデータを消すのにかかる時間を知りたい」ということでした。さっそく確認していきます。

### オートコミット停止

```
bkiban=# \echo :AUTOCOMMIT
on
bkiban=# 
bkiban=# \set AUTOCOMMIT off
bkiban=# \echo :AUTOCOMMIT
off
bkiban=#
```

#### テスト

```
bkiban=# create table a (aa char(1));
CREATE TABLE
bkiban=*# insert into a values('z');
INSERT 0 1
bkiban=*# select * from a;
 aa
----
 z
(1 row)

bkiban=*# rollback;
ROLLBACK
bkiban=# select * from a;
ERROR:  relation "a" does not exist
LINE 1: select * from a;
                      ^
bkiban=!#
```

ここはちょっと意外な結果でしたが、posgre は create のような DDL (CREATE , DROP , ALTER , TRUNCATE) もトランザクション処理します。他の DB とはちょっと違う部分ですね。(TRUNCATE はさすがに rollback できないと思われますが、、、)

オートコミットを停止すると、プロンプトでいろいろ教えてくれるようです。

``` bkiban=# ``` トランザクションがクリアな状態
``` bkiban=*# ``` トランザクション処理中
``` bkiban=!# ``` なんでしょうか。今のところよくわからない状態

### 削除対象を抽出する処理時間を把握する

select id || ',' from kihon where end_dt >= '2024-11-01 00:00:00'::timestamp and end_dt < '2024-11-02 00:00:00'::timestamp;

これは即時で抽出できました。

### 1000 件単位で削除する

```
bkiban=!# delete from kihon where id in (
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320,321,322,323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458,459,460,461,462,463,464,465,466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500,501,502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542,543,544,545,546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,600,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690,691,692,693,694,695,696,697,698,699,700,701,702,703,704,705,706,707,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717,718,719,720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735,736,737,738,739,740,741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797,798,799,800,801,802,803,804,805,806,807,808,809,810,811,812,813,814,815,816,817,818,819,820,821,822,823,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839,840,841,842,843,844,845,846,847,848,849,850,851,852,853,854,855,856,857,858,859,860,861,862,863,864,865,866,867,868,869,870,871,872,873,874,875,876,877,878,879,880,881,882,883,884,885,886,887,888,889,890,891,892,893,894,895,896,897,898,899,900,901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909,910,911,912,913,914,915,916,917,918,919,920,921,922,923,924,925,926,927,928,929,930,931,932,933,934,935,936,937,938,939,940,941,942,943,944,945,946,947,948,949,950,951,952,953,954,955,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966,967,968,969,970,971,972,973,974,975,976,977,978,979,980,981,982,983,984,985,986,987,988,989,990,991,992,993,994,995,996,997,998,999,1000);
ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
bkiban=!# rollback;
ROLLBACK
bkiban=#
```

チューニングなしの状態では 1000 件削除できませんでしした。500 件で試してみます。

```
bkiban=# delete from kihon where id in (
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320,321,322,323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458,459,460,461,462,463,464,465,466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500);
DELETE 500
bkiban=*#
```

即時復帰しました。commit してみます

```
bkiban=*# commit;
COMMIT
bkiban=#
```

これも即時復帰しました。