od

```
[linuxstudy@xxxx ~]$ od -tx1z -Ax -v find.txt
000000 61 62 63 64 65 66 0a 61 61 61 0a                 >abcdef.aaa.<
00000b
```
```
OD(1)                                                  User Commands                                                  OD(1)



NAME
       od - dump files in octal and other formats

SYNOPSIS
       od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
       od --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]

DESCRIPTION
       Write  an  unambiguous  representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output.  With more than one FILE
       argument, concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.  With no FILE, or when FILE is  -,  read  standard
       input.

       If  first  and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed if the last operand begins with + or (if
       there are 2 operands) a digit.  An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET.   LABEL  is  the  pseudo-address  at  first  byte
       printed,  incremented when dump is progressing.  For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal; suf‐
       fixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -A, --address-radix=RADIX
              output format for file offsets; RADIX is one of [doxn], for Decimal, Octal, Hex or None

       -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES
              skip BYTES input bytes first

       -N, --read-bytes=BYTES
              limit dump to BYTES input bytes

       -S BYTES, --strings[=BYTES]
              output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars; 3 is implied when BYTES is not specified

       -t, --format=TYPE
              select output format or formats

       -v, --output-duplicates
              do not use * to mark line suppression

       -w[BYTES], --width[=BYTES]
              output BYTES bytes per output line; 32 is implied when BYTES is not specified

       --traditional
              accept arguments in third form above

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

   Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
       -a     same as -t a,  select named characters, ignoring high-order bit

       -b     same as -t o1, select octal bytes

       -c     same as -t c,  select printable characters or backslash escapes

       -d     same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units

       -f     same as -t fF, select floats

       -i     same as -t dI, select decimal ints

       -l     same as -t dL, select decimal longs

       -o     same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units

       -s     same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units

       -x     same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units

   TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
       a      named character, ignoring high-order bit

       c      printable character or backslash escape

       d[SIZE]
              signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       f[SIZE]
              floating point, SIZE bytes per integer

       o[SIZE]
              octal, SIZE bytes per integer

       u[SIZE]
              unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       x[SIZE]
              hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       SIZE is a number.  For TYPE in [doux], SIZE may also be C for sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I  for  sizeof(int)
       or  L  for  sizeof(long).   If  TYPE  is  f,  SIZE  may  also  be F for sizeof(float), D for sizeof(double) or L for
       sizeof(long double).

       Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each output line.

   BYTES is hex with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
       b      512

       KB     1000

       K      1024

       MB     1000*1000

       M      1024*1024

       and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.

       GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> Report od translation bugs  to  <http://transla‐
       tionproject.org/team/>

EXAMPLES
       od -A x -t x1z -v
              Display hexdump format output

       od -A o -t oS -w16
              The default output format used by od

AUTHOR
       Written by Jim Meyering.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright   ©   2013   Free   Software   Foundation,   Inc.    License   GPLv3+:   GNU   GPL   version  3  or  later
       <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
       law.

SEE ALSO
       The full documentation for od is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and od programs are properly installed
       at your site, the command

              info coreutils 'od invocation'

       should give you access to the complete manual.



GNU coreutils 8.22                                     November 2020                                                  OD(1)
```