Ubuntu 22.04 + Nginx 1.22.1 + MariaDB 10.6.11 - MariaDBインストール

## 前提
Wordpress をインストールするにあたり、MariaDB と PHP をインストールします。
この記事では、MariaDB のインストールまでです。

ちなみに、MariaDB とは MySQL から派生して誕生したオープンソースのデータベースです。MySQL は聞いたことがあったけど、MariaDB ははじめてだよ！
## 環境
Ubuntu 22.04
Nginx 1.22.1
MariaDB 10.6.11
## 設定
MariaDB のインストール。確認メッセージは`Y`して、エンター！
```
$ sudo apt -y install mariadb-server
```
デフォルトの文字コードを確認しておく。
```
$ sudo vi /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf 
```
これになってればOK
```
character-set-server  = utf8mb4
collation-server      = utf8mb4_general_ci
```
MariaDB の初期設定をする。
```
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation 

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!
```
MariaDB に接続してみよう
```
$ sudo mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 38
Server version: 10.6.11-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 Ubuntu 22.04

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 
```
出るときは`\q`だよ。
一応、起動してるかどうか確認しておこうね。`active (running)`になっていればOK
```
$ sudo systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.6.11 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)     
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-11-30 16:33:55 JST; 23min ago
```
バージョンはこれで確認できるよ。10.6.11が起動中！
```
$ sudo mysql -v
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 42
Server version: 10.6.11-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 Ubuntu 22.04

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Reading history-file /root/.mysql_history
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
```