7.4 Character handling <ctype.h>, CN3054:2022 (16) p206.c

# はじめに(Introduction)
N3054  Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/docs/papers/2022/n3054.pdf

C++ nは、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG14の作業原案(Working Draft)です。
公式のISO/IEC 9899原本ではありません。

ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 のWG14を含むいくつかのWGでは、可能な限り作業文書を公開し、幅広い意見を求めています。

ISO/IEC JTC1 SC7からISO/IEC JTC1 SC22リエゾンとして、2000年頃、C/C++の品質向上に貢献しようとした活動をしていたことがあります。その頃は、まだISO/IEC TS 17961の原案が出る前です。Cの精神が優勢で、セキュリティ対策は補助的な位置付けでした。ISO/IEC TS 17961の制定と、C/C++のライブラリ類の見直しと、C++の進化はどんどん進んでいきます。　

進化の具合が、どちらに行こうとしているかは、コンパイルて実行させてみないとわかりません。C/C++の規格案の電子ファイルは、そのままコンパイルできる形式であるとよいと主張してきました。MISRA-C/C++, CERTC/C++でも同様です。MISRA-C/C++は、Example Suiteという形で、コード断片をコンパイルできる形で提供するようになりました。

一連の記事はコード断片をコンパイルできる形にする方法を検討してコンパイル、リンク、実行して、規格案の原文と処理系(gcc, clang)との違いを確認し、技術内容を検討し、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21にフィードバックするために用います。
また、CERT C/C++, MISRA C/C++等のコーディング標準のコード断片をコンパイルする際の参考にさせていただこうと考えています。CERT C++, MISRA C++が標準化の動きとの時間的なずれがあれば確認できれば幸いです。また、boostライブラリとの関連、Linux OS, 箱庭プロジェクト、g++(GCC), clang++(LLVM）との関係も調査中です。
何か、抜け漏れ、耳より情報がありましたらおしらせくださると幸いです。

最新規格はCN3096
https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3096.pdf

## 背景(back ground)
C/C++でコンパイルエラーが出ると、途方にくれることがしばしばあります。
何回かに１回は、該当するエラーが検索できます。
ただ、条件が違っていて、そこでの修正方法では目的を達成しないこともしばしばです。いろいろな条件のコンパイルエラーとその対応方法について、広く記録することによって、いつか同じエラーに遭遇した時にやくに立つことを目指しています。

過去に何度か、自分のネットでの記録に助けられたことがあります。
https://stackoverflow.com

また
https://researchmap.jp/joub9b3my-1797580/#_1797580
に記載したサイトのお世話になっています。

## 作業方針(sequence)
clangでは--std=c11, -std=C17 -std=c2xの3種類
gccでは-std=c11, -std=C17 -std=c2xの3種類
でコンパイルし、

１）コンパイルエラーを収集する。
２）コンパイルエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
コンパイルエラーになる例を示すだけが目的のコードは、コンパイルエラーをなくすのではなく、コンパイルエラーの種類を収集するだけにする。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、コンパイルエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
３）リンクエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、リンクエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
４）意味のある出力を作る。
コンパイル、リンクが通っても、意味のある出力を示そうとすると、コンパイル・リンクエラーが出て収拾できそうにない場合がある。順次作業します。

１）だけのものから４）まで進んだものと色々ある状態です。一歩でも前に進むご助言をお待ちしています。「検討事項」の欄に現状を記録するようにしています。


```macOS:bash
$ docker run -v /Users/ogawakiyoshi/n4910/n3540:/Users/ogawakiyoshi/n4910/n3540 -it kaizenjapan/n3540 /bin/bash
```

## 読書感想文
CコンパイラによるC言語規格の読書感想文として掲載しています。

コンパイル実験が、CN3242に対する、gccとclangによる感想文だということご理解いただけると幸いです。

読書感想文は人間かAIだけが作るものとは限りません。
本（電子書籍を含む）を入力として、その内容に対する文字列を読書感想文として受け止めましょう。
元の文章をあり方、コンパイルできるように電子化しておくこと、コンパイラが解釈可能な断片の作り方など。
https://qiita.com/tags/読書感想文

## 個人開発
Cコンパイラの試験を一人でもくもくとやっているのは個人開発の一つの姿です。
https://qiita.com/tags/個人開発

## 編纂器(Compiler)
### clang --version
> Debian clang version 14.0.6-++20220622053050+f28c006a5895-1~exp1~20220622173135.152
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu Thread model: posix InstalledDir: /usr/bin

### gcc --version
> gcc (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
#  7.4 Character handling <ctype.h>, CN3054:2022 (16) p206.c

## 算譜(source code)

```c:p206.c
// CN3054 Committee Draft, Standard for Programming Language C
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/docs/papers/2022/n3054.pdf
const char * n3054 = " 7.4 Character handling <ctype.h>, CN3054:2022 (16) p206.c";
// Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-
// g++ (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
// Edited by Dr. OGAWA Kiyoshi. Compile procedure and results record.
// C++N3054:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list

#include "N3054.h"

// 7.4.1 Character classification functions
//  The functions in this subclause return nonzero (true) if and only if the value of the argument c conforms to that in the description of the function.
// 7.4.1.1 The isalnum function Synopsis
//  The isalnum function tests for any character for which isalpha or isdigit is true.
// 7.4.1.2 The isalpha function
// Synopsis
//  The isalpha function tests for any character for which isupper or islower is true, or any character that is one of a locale-specific set of alphabetic characters for which none of iscntrl, isdigit, ispunct, or isspace is true.250) In the "C" locale, isalpha returns true only for the characters for which isupper or islower is true.
// 7.4.1.3 The isblank function Synopsis
// The isblank function tests for any character that is a standard blank character or is one of a locale- specific set of characters for which isspace is true and that is used to separate words within a line of text. The standard blank characters are the following: space (’ ’), and horizontal tab (’\t’). In the "C" locale, isblank returns true only for the standard blank characters.
// 248)See "future library directions" (7.33.2).
// 249)In an implementation that uses the seven-bit US ASCII character set, the printing characters are those whose values lie from 0x20 (space) through 0x7E (tilde); the control characters are those whose values lie from 0 (NUL) through 0x1F (US), and the character 0x7F (DEL).
// 250)The functions islower and isupper test true or false separately for each of these additional characters; all four combina- tions are possible.
//        Description
//    Description
// Description
#include <ctype.h>
int isalnum(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int isalpha(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int isblank(int c);
// 7.4.1.4 The iscntrl function Synopsis
//  The iscntrl function tests for any control character. 7.4.1.5 The isdigit function
// Synopsis
//  The isdigit function tests for any decimal-digit character (as defined in 5.2.1). 7.4.1.6 The isgraph function
// Synopsis
//  The isgraph function tests for any printing character except space (’ ’). 7.4.1.7 The islower function
// Synopsis
//  The islower function tests for any character that is a lowercase letter or is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which none of iscntrl, isdigit, ispunct, or isspace is true. In the "C" locale, islower returns true only for the lowercase letters (as defined in 5.2.1).
// 7.4.1.8 The isprint function Synopsis
//  The isprint function tests for any printing character including space (’ ’). 7.4.1.9 The ispunct function
// Synopsis
//  The ispunct function tests for any printing character that is one of a locale-specific set of punctuation characters for which neither isspace nor isalnum is true. In the "C" locale, ispunct returns true for every printing character for which neither isspace nor isalnum is true.
//          Description
//   Description
//  Description
//  Description
// Description
// Description
#include <ctype.h>
int iscntrl(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int isdigit(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int isgraph(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int islower(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int isprint(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int ispunct(int c);
//  7.4.1.10 The isspace function
// Synopsis
//  The isspace function tests for any character that is a standard white-space character or is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which isalnum is false. The standard white-space characters are the following: space (’ ’), form feed (’\f’), new-line (’\n’), carriage return (’\r’), horizontal tab (’\t’), and vertical tab (’\v’). In the "C" locale, isspace returns true only for the standard white-space characters.
// 7.4.1.11 The isupper function Synopsis
//  The isupper function tests for any character that is an uppercase letter or is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which none of iscntrl, isdigit, ispunct, or isspace is true. In the "C" locale, isupper returns true only for the uppercase letters (as defined in 5.2.1).
// 7.4.1.12 The isxdigit function Synopsis
//  The isxdigit function tests for any hexadecimal-digit character (as defined in 6.4.4.1).
// 7.4.2 Character case mapping functions
// 7.4.2.1 The tolower function
// Synopsis
// The tolower function converts an uppercase letter to a corresponding lowercase letter. Returns
//  If the argument is a character for which isupper is true and there are one or more corresponding characters, as specified by the current locale, for which islower is true, the tolower function returns one of the corresponding characters (always the same one for any given locale); otherwise, the argument is returned unchanged.
// Description
//  Description
//  Description
// Description
#include <ctype.h>
int isspace(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int isupper(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int isxdigit(int c);
#include <ctype.h>
int tolower(int c);
// 7.4.2.2 The toupper function
// Synopsis
//  The toupper function converts a lowercase letter to a corresponding uppercase letter.
//         Description
#include <ctype.h> 
int toupper(int c);
// Returns
//  If the argument is a character for which islower is true and there are one or more corresponding characters, as specified by the current locale, for which isupper is true, the toupper function returns one of the corresponding characters (always the same one for any given locale); otherwise, the argument is returned unchanged.
int main() {
//    PR3(st.a,st.b,st.c,d);
    printf("%s\n", n3054);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
```

## 編纂・実行結果(compile and go)

```ubuntu:bash

$ clang p206.c -std=11 -o p206l -I. -Wall
p206.c:27:17: error: expected ')'
int isalnum(int c);
                ^
p206.c:27:5: note: to match this '('
int isalnum(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:31: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                                  ^
p206.c:27:5: error: expected expression
int isalnum(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:27:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:27:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:29:17: error: expected ')'
int isalpha(int c);
                ^
p206.c:29:5: note: to match this '('
int isalpha(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:31: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                                  ^
p206.c:29:5: error: expected expression
int isalpha(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:29:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:29:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:31:17: error: expected ')'
int isblank(int c);
                ^
p206.c:31:5: note: to match this '('
int isblank(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:33: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                                  ^
p206.c:31:5: error: expected expression
int isblank(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:23: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:31:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:23: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:31:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:23: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:51:17: error: expected ')'
int iscntrl(int c);
                ^
p206.c:51:5: note: to match this '('
int iscntrl(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:31: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                                  ^
p206.c:51:5: error: expected expression
int iscntrl(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:21: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:51:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:21: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:51:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:21: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:53:17: error: expected ')'
int isdigit(int c);
                ^
p206.c:53:5: note: to match this '('
int isdigit(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:31: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                                  ^
p206.c:53:5: error: expected expression
int isdigit(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:21: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:53:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:21: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:53:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:21: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:55:17: error: expected ')'
int isgraph(int c);
                ^
p206.c:55:5: note: to match this '('
int isgraph(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:31: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                                  ^
p206.c:55:5: error: expected expression
int isgraph(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:21: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:55:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:21: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:55:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:21: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:57:17: error: expected ')'
int islower(int c);
                ^
p206.c:57:5: note: to match this '('
int islower(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:193:31: note: expanded from macro 'islower'
# define islower(c)     __isctype((c), _ISlower)
                                  ^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
20 errors generated.

$ clang p206.c -std=17 -o p206l -I. -Wall
p206.c:27:17: error: expected ')'
int isalnum(int c);
                ^
p206.c:27:5: note: to match this '('
int isalnum(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:31: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                                  ^
p206.c:27:5: error: expected expression
int isalnum(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:27:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:27:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:29:17: error: expected ')'
int isalpha(int c);
                ^
p206.c:29:5: note: to match this '('
int isalpha(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:31: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                                  ^
p206.c:29:5: error: expected expression
int isalpha(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:29:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:29:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:31:17: error: expected ')'
int isblank(int c);
                ^
p206.c:31:5: note: to match this '('
int isblank(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:33: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                                  ^
p206.c:31:5: error: expected expression
int isblank(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:23: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:31:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:23: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:31:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:23: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:51:17: error: expected ')'
int iscntrl(int c);
                ^
p206.c:51:5: note: to match this '('
int iscntrl(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:31: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                                  ^
p206.c:51:5: error: expected expression
int iscntrl(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:21: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:51:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:21: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:51:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:21: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:53:17: error: expected ')'
int isdigit(int c);
                ^
p206.c:53:5: note: to match this '('
int isdigit(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:31: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                                  ^
p206.c:53:5: error: expected expression
int isdigit(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:21: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:53:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:21: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:53:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:21: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:55:17: error: expected ')'
int isgraph(int c);
                ^
p206.c:55:5: note: to match this '('
int isgraph(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:31: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                                  ^
p206.c:55:5: error: expected expression
int isgraph(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:21: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:55:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:21: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:55:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:21: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:57:17: error: expected ')'
int islower(int c);
                ^
p206.c:57:5: note: to match this '('
int islower(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:193:31: note: expanded from macro 'islower'
# define islower(c)     __isctype((c), _ISlower)
                                  ^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
20 errors generated.

$ clang p206.c -std=2x -o p206l -I. -Wall
p206.c:27:17: error: expected ')'
int isalnum(int c);
                ^
p206.c:27:5: note: to match this '('
int isalnum(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:31: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                                  ^
p206.c:27:5: error: expected expression
int isalnum(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:27:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:27:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:189:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalnum'
# define isalnum(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalnum)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:29:17: error: expected ')'
int isalpha(int c);
                ^
p206.c:29:5: note: to match this '('
int isalpha(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:31: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                                  ^
p206.c:29:5: error: expected expression
int isalpha(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:29:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:29:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:190:21: note: expanded from macro 'isalpha'
# define isalpha(c)     __isctype((c), _ISalpha)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:31:17: error: expected ')'
int isblank(int c);
                ^
p206.c:31:5: note: to match this '('
int isblank(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:33: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                                  ^
p206.c:31:5: error: expected expression
int isblank(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:23: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:31:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:23: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:31:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:201:23: note: expanded from macro 'isblank'
#   define isblank(c)   __isctype((c), _ISblank)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:51:17: error: expected ')'
int iscntrl(int c);
                ^
p206.c:51:5: note: to match this '('
int iscntrl(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:31: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                                  ^
p206.c:51:5: error: expected expression
int iscntrl(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:21: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:51:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:21: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:51:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:191:21: note: expanded from macro 'iscntrl'
# define iscntrl(c)     __isctype((c), _IScntrl)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:53:17: error: expected ')'
int isdigit(int c);
                ^
p206.c:53:5: note: to match this '('
int isdigit(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:31: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                                  ^
p206.c:53:5: error: expected expression
int isdigit(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:21: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:53:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:21: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:53:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:192:21: note: expanded from macro 'isdigit'
# define isdigit(c)     __isctype((c), _ISdigit)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:55:17: error: expected ')'
int isgraph(int c);
                ^
p206.c:55:5: note: to match this '('
int isgraph(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:31: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                                  ^
p206.c:55:5: error: expected expression
int isgraph(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:21: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:32: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                               ^
p206.c:55:5: error: expected ')'
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:21: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:35: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
                                  ^
p206.c:55:5: note: to match this '('
/usr/include/ctype.h:194:21: note: expanded from macro 'isgraph'
# define isgraph(c)     __isctype((c), _ISgraph)
                        ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:89:3: note: expanded from macro '__isctype'
  ((*__ctype_b_loc ())[(int) (c)] & (unsigned short int) type)
  ^
p206.c:57:17: error: expected ')'
int islower(int c);
                ^
p206.c:57:5: note: to match this '('
int islower(int c);
    ^
/usr/include/ctype.h:193:31: note: expanded from macro 'islower'
# define islower(c)     __isctype((c), _ISlower)
                                  ^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
20 errors generated.

$ gcc p206.c -std=11 -o p206g -I. -Wall
In file included from p206.c:26:
p206.c:27:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   27 | int isalnum(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:27:5: note: to match this '('
   27 | int isalnum(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:27:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   27 | int isalnum(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:29:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   29 | int isalpha(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:29:5: note: to match this '('
   29 | int isalpha(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:29:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   29 | int isalpha(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:31:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   31 | int isblank(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:31:5: note: to match this '('
   31 | int isblank(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:31:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   31 | int isblank(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:51:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   51 | int iscntrl(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:51:5: note: to match this '('
   51 | int iscntrl(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:51:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   51 | int iscntrl(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:53:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   53 | int isdigit(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:53:5: note: to match this '('
   53 | int isdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:53:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   53 | int isdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:55:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   55 | int isgraph(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:55:5: note: to match this '('
   55 | int isgraph(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:55:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   55 | int isgraph(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:57:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   57 | int islower(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:57:5: note: to match this '('
   57 | int islower(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:57:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   57 | int islower(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:59:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   59 | int isprint(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:59:5: note: to match this '('
   59 | int isprint(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:59:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   59 | int isprint(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:61:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   61 | int ispunct(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:61:5: note: to match this '('
   61 | int ispunct(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:61:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   61 | int ispunct(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:79:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   79 | int isspace(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:79:5: note: to match this '('
   79 | int isspace(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:79:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   79 | int isspace(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:81:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   81 | int isupper(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:81:5: note: to match this '('
   81 | int isupper(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:81:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   81 | int isupper(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:83:18: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   83 | int isxdigit(int c);
      |                  ^
p206.c:83:5: note: to match this '('
   83 | int isxdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~~
p206.c:83:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   83 | int isxdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~~

$ gcc p206.c -std=c17 -o p206g -I. -Wall
In file included from p206.c:26:
p206.c:27:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   27 | int isalnum(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:27:5: note: to match this '('
   27 | int isalnum(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:27:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   27 | int isalnum(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:29:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   29 | int isalpha(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:29:5: note: to match this '('
   29 | int isalpha(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:29:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   29 | int isalpha(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:31:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   31 | int isblank(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:31:5: note: to match this '('
   31 | int isblank(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:31:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   31 | int isblank(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:51:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   51 | int iscntrl(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:51:5: note: to match this '('
   51 | int iscntrl(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:51:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   51 | int iscntrl(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:53:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   53 | int isdigit(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:53:5: note: to match this '('
   53 | int isdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:53:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   53 | int isdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:55:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   55 | int isgraph(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:55:5: note: to match this '('
   55 | int isgraph(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:55:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   55 | int isgraph(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:57:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   57 | int islower(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:57:5: note: to match this '('
   57 | int islower(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:57:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   57 | int islower(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:59:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   59 | int isprint(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:59:5: note: to match this '('
   59 | int isprint(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:59:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   59 | int isprint(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:61:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   61 | int ispunct(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:61:5: note: to match this '('
   61 | int ispunct(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:61:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   61 | int ispunct(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:79:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   79 | int isspace(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:79:5: note: to match this '('
   79 | int isspace(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:79:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   79 | int isspace(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:81:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   81 | int isupper(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:81:5: note: to match this '('
   81 | int isupper(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:81:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   81 | int isupper(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:83:18: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   83 | int isxdigit(int c);
      |                  ^
p206.c:83:5: note: to match this '('
   83 | int isxdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~~
p206.c:83:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   83 | int isxdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~~

$ gcc p206.c -std=c2x -o p206g -I. -Wall
In file included from p206.c:26:
p206.c:27:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   27 | int isalnum(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:27:5: note: to match this '('
   27 | int isalnum(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:27:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   27 | int isalnum(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:29:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   29 | int isalpha(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:29:5: note: to match this '('
   29 | int isalpha(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:29:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   29 | int isalpha(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:31:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   31 | int isblank(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:31:5: note: to match this '('
   31 | int isblank(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:31:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   31 | int isblank(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:51:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   51 | int iscntrl(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:51:5: note: to match this '('
   51 | int iscntrl(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:51:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   51 | int iscntrl(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:53:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   53 | int isdigit(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:53:5: note: to match this '('
   53 | int isdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:53:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   53 | int isdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:55:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   55 | int isgraph(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:55:5: note: to match this '('
   55 | int isgraph(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:55:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   55 | int isgraph(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:57:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   57 | int islower(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:57:5: note: to match this '('
   57 | int islower(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:57:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   57 | int islower(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:59:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   59 | int isprint(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:59:5: note: to match this '('
   59 | int isprint(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:59:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   59 | int isprint(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:61:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   61 | int ispunct(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:61:5: note: to match this '('
   61 | int ispunct(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:61:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   61 | int ispunct(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:79:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   79 | int isspace(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:79:5: note: to match this '('
   79 | int isspace(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:79:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   79 | int isspace(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:81:17: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   81 | int isupper(int c);
      |                 ^
p206.c:81:5: note: to match this '('
   81 | int isupper(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:81:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   81 | int isupper(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~
p206.c:83:18: error: expected ')' before 'c'
   83 | int isxdigit(int c);
      |                  ^
p206.c:83:5: note: to match this '('
   83 | int isxdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~~
p206.c:83:5: error: expected expression before ')' token
   83 | int isxdigit(int c);
      |     ^~~~~~~~
```

# 検討事項(agenda)
コンパイルエラーを取るか、コンパイルエラーの理由を解説する。

<!-- リンクエラーの解説をする。clang++とg++の比較。意味のある出力。
コンパイルエラーを取るか、コンパイルエラーの理由を解説する。-->

## 応用例1 MISRA C/C++
MISRA C まとめ #include <misra_c.h>
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f1a79a7cbd281607c7c9

MISRA C++ 5-0-16
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7df2d4e05db724752a74

## 応用例2 CERT C/C++
SEI CERT C++ Coding Standard AA. Bibliography 確認中。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fe06719aef10f3f985ae

MISRA C/C++, AUTOSAR C++, CERT C/C++とC/C++工業標準をコンパイルする
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8dff19511e42b2593db1

## 自己参考資料(self reference)
関連する自己参照以外は、こちらの先頭に移転。

C言語(C++)が必要な人と必要ない人
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/2afe9e846b55b24cb6f1

C言語を習得する３つの方法　https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/84cab0888c193bba429b

C言語(C++)が必要な人 参考記事一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/0c18c12005f6dcede876

C言語（C++)に対する誤解、曲解、無理解、爽快。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3f3992c9722c1cee2e3a

C2011コンパイル一覧@researchmap
~~https://researchmap.jp/jownvh0ye-1797580/#_1797580~~

[C][C++]の国際規格案の例題をコンパイルするときの課題７つ。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/5f4b155030259497c4de

C Puzzle Bookの有り難み5つ、C言語規格及びCコンパイラの特性を認識
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d89a48c1536a02ecdec9

dockerにclang
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8829ffeee397eda50e80

docker gnu(gcc/g++) and llvm(clang/clang++)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/059874ea39c4de64c0f7

コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74220c0577a512c2d7da

astyle 使ってみた
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3c9a87a781d53a1a23f3

<この項は書きかけです。順次追記します。>
This article is not completed. I will add some words and/or centences in order.
Este artículo no está completo. Agregaré algunas palabras en orden.
# Qiita Calendar 2024
祝休日・謹賀新年 2025年の目標
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/dfa34827932f99c59bbc

Qiita 1年間をまとめた「振り返りページ」＠2024
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/ed6be239119c99b15828

2024 参加・主催Calendarと投稿記事一覧 Qiita(248)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d80b8fbac2496df7827f

主催Calendar2024分析 Qiita(254)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/15807336d583076f70bc

Calendar 統計
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/e315558dcea8ee3fe43e

LLM 関連 Calendar 2024 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/c36033cf66862d5496fa

Large Language Model Related Calendar 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3beb0bc3fb71e3ae6d66

博士論文 Calendar 2024 を開催します。 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/51601357efbcaf1057d0

博士論文(0)関連記事一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8f223a760e607b705e78

# 関連資料
' @kazuo_reve 私が効果を確認した「小川メソッド」
https://qiita.com/kazuo_reve/items/a3ea1d9171deeccc04da

' @kazuo_reve 新人の方によく展開している有益な情報
https://qiita.com/kazuo_reve/items/d1a3f0ee48e24bba38f1

' @kazuo_reve Vモデルについて勘違いしていたと思ったこと
https://qiita.com/kazuo_reve/items/46fddb094563bd9b2e1e


# 自己記事一覧
Qiitaで逆リンクを表示しなくなったような気がする。時々、スマフォで表示するとあらわっることがあり、完全に削除したのではなさそう。

４月以降、せっせとリンクリストを作り、統計を取って確率を説明しようとしている。
2025年２月末を目標にしている。

一覧の一覧( The directory of directories of mine.) Qiita(100)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7eb0e006543886138f39

仮説（0）一覧（目標100現在40）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f000506fe1837b3590df

Qiita(0)Qiita関連記事一覧（自分）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/58db5fbf036b28e9dfa6

Error一覧 error(0)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/48b6cbc8d68eae2c42b8

C++ Support(0)　
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8720d26f762369a80514

Coding(0) Rules, C, Secure, MISRA and so on
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/400725644a8a0e90fbb0

Ethernet 記事一覧　Ethernet(0)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/88d35e99f74aefc98794

Wireshark 一覧 wireshark(0)、Ethernet(48) 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fbed841f61875c4731d0

線網（Wi-Fi）空中線(antenna)(0) 記事一覧(118/300目標)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/5e5464ac2b24bd4cd001

なぜdockerで機械学習するか 書籍・ソース一覧作成中 (目標100)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/ddd12477544bf5ba85e2

プログラムちょい替え（0）一覧:4件
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/296d87ef4bfd516bc394

言語処理100本ノックをdockerで。python覚えるのに最適。:10+12
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7e7eb7c543e0c18438c4

Python(0)記事をまとめたい。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/088c57d70ab6904ebb53

安全（0）安全工学シンポジウムに向けて: 21
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/c5d78f3def8195cb2409

プログラマによる、プログラマのための、統計(0)と確率のプログラミングとその後
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/6e9897eb641268766909

転職(0)一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f77520d378d33451d6fe

技術士(0)一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/ce4ccf4eb9c5600b89ea

Reserchmap(0) 一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/506c79e562f406c4257e

物理記事　上位100
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/66e90fe31fbe3facc6ff

量子(0) 計算機, 量子力学 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/1cd954cb0eed92879fd4

数学関連記事１００
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d8dadb49a6397e854c6d

coq(0) 一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d22f9995cf2173bc3b13

統計(0)一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/80d3b221807e53e88aba

図(0) state, sequence and timing. UML and お絵描き 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/60440a882146aeee9e8f

色(0) 記事100書く切り口 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/22331c0335ed34326b9b

品質一覧 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/2b99b8e9db6d94b2e971

言語・文学記事　１００
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/42d58d5ef7fb53c407d6

医工連携関連記事一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/6ab51c12ba51bc260a82

水の資料集(0)　方針と成果
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f5dbb30087ea732b52aa

自動車　記事　１００
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f7f0b9ab36569ad409c5

通信記事１００
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/1d67de5e1cd207b05ef7

日本語（０）一欄
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7498dcfa3a9ba7fd1e68

英語(0) 一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/680e3f5cbf9430486c7d

音楽　一覧(0) 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b6e5f42bbfe3bbe40f5d

「@kazuo_reve 新人の方によく展開している有益な情報」確認一覧 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b9380888d1e5a042646b

鉄道（０）鉄道のシステム考察はてっちゃんがてつだってくれる
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/faa4ea03d91d901a618a

OSEK OS設計の基礎　OSEK(100)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7528a22a14242d2d58a3

coding (101) 一覧を作成し始めた。omake:最近のQiitaで表示しない5つの事象
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/20667f09f19598aedb68

官公庁・学校・公的団体（NPOを含む）システムの課題、官（０）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/04ee6eaf7ec13d3af4c3

「はじめての」シリーズ　 ベクタージャパン　
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/2e41634f6e21a3cf74eb

AUTOSAR(0)Qiita記事一覧, OSEK(75)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/89c07961b59a8754c869

プログラマが知っていると良い「公序良俗」
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9fe7c0dfac2fbd77a945

LaTeX(0) 一覧　
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/e3f7dafacab58c499792

自動制御、制御工学一覧（０）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7767a4e19a6ae1479e6b

Rust(0) 一覧　
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/5e8bb080ba6ca0281927

programの本質は計画だ。programは設計だ。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/c8545a769c246a458c27

登壇直後版 色使い(JIS安全色) Qiita Engineer Festa 2023〜私しか得しないニッチな技術でLT〜 スライド編 0.15
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f0d3070d839f4f735b2b

プログラマが知っていると良い「公序良俗」
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9fe7c0dfac2fbd77a945

逆も真：社会人が最初に確かめるとよいこと。OSEK(69)、Ethernet(59)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/39afe4a728a31b903ddc

統計の嘘。仮説（127）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/63b48ecf258a3471c51b

自分の言葉だけで論理展開できるのが天才なら、文章の引用だけで論理展開できるのが秀才だ。仮説（136）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/97cf07b9e24f860624dd

参考文献駆動執筆(references driven writing)・デンソークリエイト編
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b27b3f58b8bf265a5cd1

「何を」よりも「誰を」。１０年後のために今見習いたい人たち
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8045978b16eb49d572b2

Qiitaの記事に３段階または５段階で到達するための方法
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/6e9298296852325adc5e

出力(output)と呼ばないで。これは状態(state)です。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/80b8b5913b2748867840

coding (101) 一覧を作成し始めた。omake:最近のQiitaで表示しない5つの事象
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/20667f09f19598aedb68

あなたは「勘違いまとめ」から、勘違いだと言っていることが勘違いだといくつ見つけられますか。人間の間違い(human error(125))の種類と対策
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/ae391b77fffb098b8fb4

プログラマの「プログラムが書ける」思い込みは強みだ。３つの理由。仮説（168）統計と確率(17) , OSEK(79)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/bc5dd86e414de402ec29

出力(output)と呼ばないで。これは状態(state)です。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/80b8b5913b2748867840

これからの情報伝達手段の在り方について考えてみよう。炎上と便乗。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/71a09077ac195214f0db

ISO/IEC JTC1 SC7 Software and System Engineering
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/48b43f0f6976a078d907

アクセシビリティの知見を発信しよう！（再び）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/03457eb9ee74105ee618

統計論及確率論輪講（再び）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/590874ccfca988e85ea3

読者の心をグッと惹き寄せる7つの魔法
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b1b5e89bd5c0a211d862

「@kazuo_reve 新人の方によく展開している有益な情報」確認一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b9380888d1e5a042646b

ソースコードで議論しよう。日本語で議論するの止めましょう（あるプログラミング技術の議論報告）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8b9811c80f3338c6c0b0

脳内コンパイラの3つの危険
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7025cf2d7bd9f276e382

心理学の本を読むよりはコンパイラ書いた方がよくね。仮説（34）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fa715732cc148e48880e

NASAを超えるつもりがあれば読んでください。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/e81669f9cb53109157f6

データサイエンティストの気づき!「勉強して仕事に役立てない人。大嫌い!!」『それ自分かも?』ってなった!!! 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d85830d58d8dd7f71d07

「ぼくの好きな先生」「人がやらないことをやれ」プログラマになるまで。仮説（37）　
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/53e4bded9fe5f724b3c4

なぜ経済学徒を辞め、計算機屋になったか（経済学部入学前・入学後・卒業後対応） 転職(1)  
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/06335a1d24c099733f64    

プログラミング言語教育のXYZ。 仮説（52） 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/1950c5810fb5c0b07be4

【24卒向け】9ヶ月後に年収１０００万円を目指す。二つの関門と三つの道。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fb5bff147193f726ad25

「【25卒向け】Qiita Career Meetup for STUDENT」予習の勧め
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/00eadb8a6e738cb6336f

大学入試不合格でも筆記試験のない大学に入って卒業できる。卒業しなくても博士になれる。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74adec99f396d64b5fd5

全世界の不登校の子供たち「博士論文」を書こう。世界子供博士論文遠隔実践中心 安全(99)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/912d69032c012bcc84f2

小川メソッド　覚え（書きかけ）
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3593d72eca551742df68

DoCAP（ドゥーキャップ）って何ですか？
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/47e0e6509ab792c43327

views 20,000越え自己記事一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/58e8bd6450957cdecd81

Views１万越え、もうすぐ１万記事一覧 最近いいねをいただいた213記事
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d2b805717a92459ce853

amazon 殿堂入りNo1レビュアになるまで。仮説(102)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/83259d18921ce75a91f4

100以上いいねをいただいた記事16選
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f8d958d9084ffbd15d2a

小川清最終講義、最終講義（再）計画, Ethernet(100) 英語(100) 安全(100)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/e2df642e3951e35e6a53

＜この記事は個人の過去の経験に基づく個人の感想です。現在所属する組織、業務とは関係がありません。＞
This article is an individual impression based on my individual experience. It has nothing to do with the organization or business to which I currently belong.
Este artículo es una impresión personal basada en mi experiencia personal. No tiene nada que ver con la organización o empresa a la que pertenezco actualmente.
### 文書履歴(document history)
ver. 0.01 初稿 　20221120
ver. 0.02 ありがとう追記 20230622
### 最後までおよみいただきありがとうございました。
いいね　💚、フォローをお願いします。
#### Thank you very much for reading to the last sentence.
Please press the like icon 💚　and follow me for your happy life.
### Muchas gracias por leer hasta la última oración.
Por favor, haz clic en el ícono Me gusta 💚 y sígueme para tener una vida feliz.