Linux で標準的に使われるフリー日本語フォント

Linux で標準的に使われるフリー日本語フォントはいくつかある。

RaspberryPi OS においてディストリビューションパッケージでインストールした状況をまとめ。

# 環境

- Raspberry Pi OS Lite
  -  Release date: April 4th 2022
  -  System: 32-bit
  -  Kernel version: 5.15
  -  Debian version: 11 (bullseye)

# インストール

`$ sudo apt install` で以下をインストールした
- fonts-noto-cjk
- fonts-mplus  
- fonts-ipafont-gothic  fonts-ipafont-mincho
- fonts-ipaexfont-gothic fonts-ipaexfont-mincho
- fonts-vlgothic
- ttf-kochi-gothic ttf-kochi-mincho
- ttf-sazanami-gothic ttf-sazanami-mincho

# それぞれのフォントと歴史的な Linux ディストリビューション


## Ubuntu 8.04 LTS

M+ と IPA の合成フォントを使うのがはやったような。

## Knoppix 5.1.1 日本語版

 IPA フォントはこれで初めて使用の思い出。

## Vine Linux 5,6
 
VL ゴシック

## Fedora Core 5

さざなみフォント


## RedHat Linux / Fedora Core

東風フォント 

Kondara MNU/Linux も使っていたかな?


## Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

標準フォントが Google Noto フォントに

# リストアップ
```
$ sudo apt install fontconfig
```
して、fc-list を使ってみました。

```
 $ fc-list | sort
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipaexfont-gothic/ipaexg.ttf: IPAexゴシック,IPAexGothic:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipaexfont-mincho/ipaexm.ttf: IPAex明朝,IPAexMincho:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipafont-gothic/ipag.ttf: IPAゴシック,IPAGothic:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipafont-gothic/ipagp.ttf: IPA Pゴシック,IPAPGothic:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipafont-mincho/ipam.ttf: IPA明朝,IPAMincho:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipafont-mincho/ipamp.ttf: IPA P明朝,IPAPMincho:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans CJK HK:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans CJK JP:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans CJK KR:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans CJK SC:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans CJK TC:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK HK:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK JP:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK KR:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK SC:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK TC:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans CJK HK:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans CJK JP:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans CJK KR:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans CJK SC:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans CJK TC:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK HK:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK JP:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK KR:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK SC:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK TC:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Serif CJK JP:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Serif CJK KR:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Serif CJK SC:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Serif CJK TC:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Serif CJK JP:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Serif CJK KR:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Serif CJK SC:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Serif CJK TC:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuMathTeXGyre.ttf: DejaVu Math TeX Gyre:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf: DejaVu Sans:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans-BoldOblique.ttf: DejaVu Sans:style=Bold Oblique
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans-ExtraLight.ttf: DejaVu Sans,DejaVu Sans Light:style=ExtraLight
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans-Oblique.ttf: DejaVu Sans:style=Oblique
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf: DejaVu Sans:style=Book
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansCondensed-Bold.ttf: DejaVu Sans,DejaVu Sans Condensed:style=Condensed Bold,Bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansCondensed-BoldOblique.ttf: DejaVu Sans,DejaVu Sans Condensed:style=Condensed Bold Oblique,Bold Oblique
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansCondensed-Oblique.ttf: DejaVu Sans,DejaVu Sans Condensed:style=Condensed Oblique,Oblique
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansCondensed.ttf: DejaVu Sans,DejaVu Sans Condensed:style=Condensed,Book
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono-Bold.ttf: DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono-BoldOblique.ttf: DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Bold Oblique
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono-Oblique.ttf: DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Oblique
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf: DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Book
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSerif-Bold.ttf: DejaVu Serif:style=Bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSerif-BoldItalic.ttf: DejaVu Serif:style=Bold Italic
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSerif-Italic.ttf: DejaVu Serif:style=Italic
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSerif.ttf: DejaVu Serif:style=Book
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSerifCondensed-Bold.ttf: DejaVu Serif,DejaVu Serif Condensed:style=Condensed Bold,Bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSerifCondensed-BoldItalic.ttf: DejaVu Serif,DejaVu Serif Condensed:style=Condensed Bold Italic,Bold Italic
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSerifCondensed-Italic.ttf: DejaVu Serif,DejaVu Serif Condensed:style=Condensed Italic,Italic
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSerifCondensed.ttf: DejaVu Serif,DejaVu Serif Condensed:style=Condensed,Book
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-japanese-gothic.ttf: IPAexゴシック,IPAexGothic:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-japanese-mincho.ttf: IPAex明朝,IPAexMincho:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kochi/kochi-gothic-subst.ttf: 東風ゴシック,Kochi Gothic:style=標準,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kochi/kochi-gothic.ttf: 東風ゴシック,Kochi Gothic:style=標準,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kochi/kochi-mincho-subst.ttf: 東風明朝,Kochi Mincho:style=標準,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kochi/kochi-mincho.ttf: 東風明朝,Kochi Mincho:style=標準,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1c-black.ttf: M+ 1c,M+ 1c black:style=black,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1c-bold.ttf: M+ 1c:style=bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1c-heavy.ttf: M+ 1c,M+ 1c heavy:style=heavy,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1c-light.ttf: M+ 1c,M+ 1c light:style=light,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1c-medium.ttf: M+ 1c,M+ 1c medium:style=medium,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1c-regular.ttf: M+ 1c:style=regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1c-thin.ttf: M+ 1c,M+ 1c thin:style=thin,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1m-bold.ttf: M+ 1m:style=bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1m-light.ttf: M+ 1m,M+ 1m light:style=light,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1m-medium.ttf: M+ 1m,M+ 1m medium:style=medium,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1m-regular.ttf: M+ 1m:style=regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1m-thin.ttf: M+ 1m,M+ 1m thin:style=thin,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1mn-bold.ttf: M+ 1mn:style=bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1mn-light.ttf: M+ 1mn,M+ 1mn light:style=light,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1mn-medium.ttf: M+ 1mn,M+ 1mn medium:style=medium,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1mn-regular.ttf: M+ 1mn:style=regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1mn-thin.ttf: M+ 1mn,M+ 1mn thin:style=thin,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1p-black.ttf: M+ 1p,M+ 1p black:style=black,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1p-bold.ttf: M+ 1p:style=bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1p-heavy.ttf: M+ 1p,M+ 1p heavy:style=heavy,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1p-light.ttf: M+ 1p,M+ 1p light:style=light,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1p-medium.ttf: M+ 1p,M+ 1p medium:style=medium,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1p-regular.ttf: M+ 1p:style=regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-1p-thin.ttf: M+ 1p,M+ 1p thin:style=thin,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2c-black.ttf: M+ 2c,M+ 2c black:style=black,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2c-bold.ttf: M+ 2c:style=bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2c-heavy.ttf: M+ 2c,M+ 2c heavy:style=heavy,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2c-light.ttf: M+ 2c,M+ 2c light:style=light,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2c-medium.ttf: M+ 2c,M+ 2c medium:style=medium,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2c-regular.ttf: M+ 2c:style=regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2c-thin.ttf: M+ 2c,M+ 2c thin:style=thin,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2m-bold.ttf: M+ 2m:style=bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2m-light.ttf: M+ 2m,M+ 2m light:style=light,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2m-medium.ttf: M+ 2m,M+ 2m medium:style=medium,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2m-regular.ttf: M+ 2m:style=regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2m-thin.ttf: M+ 2m,M+ 2m thin:style=thin,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2p-black.ttf: M+ 2p,M+ 2p black:style=black,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2p-bold.ttf: M+ 2p:style=bold
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2p-heavy.ttf: M+ 2p,M+ 2p heavy:style=heavy,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2p-light.ttf: M+ 2p,M+ 2p light:style=light,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2p-medium.ttf: M+ 2p,M+ 2p medium:style=medium,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2p-regular.ttf: M+ 2p:style=regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus/mplus-2p-thin.ttf: M+ 2p,M+ 2p thin:style=thin,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/sazanami/sazanami-gothic.ttf: さざなみゴシック,Sazanami Gothic:style=Gothic-Regular,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/sazanami/sazanami-mincho.ttf: さざなみ明朝,Sazanami Mincho:style=Mincho-Regular,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/umeplus-cl/umeplus-cl-gothic.ttf: UmePlus CL Gothic,Ume Gothic C4:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/umeplus-cl/umeplus-clp-gothic.ttf: UmePlus CLP Gothic,Ume P Gothic C4:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/umeplus/umeplus-gothic.ttf: UmePlus Gothic,Ume Gothic:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/umeplus/umeplus-p-gothic.ttf: UmePlus P Gothic,Ume P Gothic:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/vlgothic/VL-Gothic-Regular.ttf: VL ゴシック,VL Gothic:style=regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/vlgothic/VL-PGothic-Regular.ttf: VL Pゴシック,VL PGothic:style=regular


```

# ファイルサイズ

インストールされたファイル容量は以下の通りでした。


```
$ du --max-depth=2 -h /usr/share/fonts
88M	/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto
16M	/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipafont-mincho
7.5M	/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipaexfont-mincho
5.9M	/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipaexfont-gothic
12M	/usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipafont-gothic
128M	/usr/share/fonts/opentype
8.4M	/usr/share/fonts/truetype/umeplus
18M	/usr/share/fonts/truetype/sazanami
71M	/usr/share/fonts/truetype/mplus
8.4M	/usr/share/fonts/truetype/umeplus-cl
7.9M	/usr/share/fonts/truetype/vlgothic
16M	/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kochi
11M	/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu
139M	/usr/share/fonts/truetype
267M	/usr/share/fonts
```

noto と M+ フォントのフットプリントが大きいですね。