第３８回：String and map builders

# はじめに
公式の問題集[「Kotlin Koans」](https://play.kotlinlang.org/koans/overview)を解きながらKotlinを学習します。

過去記事はこちら
- Introduction
  - [第０回：Kotlin Koansについて](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/41d192af63485bfc8cb8)
  - [第１回：Simple Functions](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/5862a3ece96082a62e67)
  - [第２回：Named arguments](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/2af11262852ee41b5da7)
  - [第３回：Default arguments](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/16cb8ac780df58dc8054)
  - [第４回：Triple-quoted strings](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/52cfeed2c49b0252d40e)
  - [第５回：String templates](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/0221bbbc5bc70847be6f)
  - [第６回：Nullable types](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/aa96e422c5313b6961bc)
  - [第７回：Nothing type](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/1ca0e48820d58c9dfe16)
  - [第８回：Lambdas](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/8de74f9491e003127f53)
- Classes
  - [第９回：Data classes](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/1be2de1b4406b8d914bf) 
  - [第１０回：Smart casts](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/50bdecaa0740eb0e1a17)
  - [第１１回：Sealed classes](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/71a4da02fe1e99da5d63)
  - [第１２回：Rename on import](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/f11465cc15a94e7589a3)
  - [第１３回：Extension functions](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/d4a1da00bc142c297221)
- Conventions
  - [第１４回：Comparison](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/e9486d044cae32167f36) 
  - [第１５回：Ranges](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/797f049ce5f33b1810c9)
  - [第１６回：For loop](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/f5f6eeea41fb89b2a20c)
  - [第１７回：Operators overloading](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/9845f98a632121f1493b)
  - [第１８回：Invoke](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/7879f83341d169374eb3)
- Collections
  - [第１９回：Collections Introduction](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/af91a0bd505cd93a3900) 
  - [第２０回：Sort](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/ed9a4b36f8573fc65a8f)
  - [第２１回：Filter map](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/45e70bac73706643e40c)
  - [第２２回：All, Any, and other predicates](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/daa940bf57e93d198ce4)
  - [第２３回：Associate](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/a4d8b0701b6848d43473)
  - [第２４回：Group By](https://qiita.com/drafts/d2279add0e79cbe19f01/edit)
  - [第２５回：Partition](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/d2279add0e79cbe19f01)
  - [第２６回：FlatMap](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/f08f22de98d736df6e12)
  - [第２７回：Max min](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/f2af0574bbc594bbe494)
  - [第２８回：Sum](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/477c2fd0886231440d06)
  - [第２９回：Fold](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/9b6ca3ab409335897adf)
  - [第３０回：Compound tasks](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/66949d40ce744bc696cb)
  - [第３１回：Sequences](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/f62212f67bde03298f11)
  - [第３２回：Getting used to the new style](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/80212483f696357496e6)
- Properties
  - [第３３回：Properties](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/0fa3e94b6ad1fe0440fd)
  - [第３４回：Lazy property](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/bc295546a00a054af1d1)
  - [第３５回：Delegates example](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/142b3a6ecf9686bd7960)
  - [第３６回：Delegates how it works](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/e87263dc02a89e312ace)
- Builders
  - [第３７回：Function literals with receiver](https://qiita.com/kosuke1/items/539bef232c1dbe63c74a)

# 問題
[String and map builders](https://play.kotlinlang.org/koans/Builders/String%20and%20map%20builders/Task.kt)

レシーバを持つ関数リテラルは、ビルダーの作成などに非常に便利です。例えば：
```Kotlin
fun buildString(build: StringBuilder.() -> Unit): String {
    val stringBuilder = StringBuilder()
    stringBuilder.build()
    return stringBuilder.toString()
}

val s = buildString {
    this.append("Numbers: ")
    for (i in 1..3) {
        // 'this' can be omitted
        append(i)
    }
}

s == "Numbers: 123"
```

拡張関数型の）パラメータを受け取り、新しい`HashMap`を作成し、それを構築、結果としてそれを返す関数`buildMutableMap`を実装します。なお、1.3.70以降では、標準ライブラリに同様のbuildMap関数があります。

```修正前コード.kt
import java.util.HashMap

/* TODO */

fun usage(): Map<Int, String> {
    return buildMutableMap {
        put(0, "0")
        for (i in 1..10) {
            put(i, "$i")
        }
    }
}
```

# 問題のポイント

# 解答例
```Kotlin
import java.util.HashMap

fun <K, V> buildMutableMap(build: HashMap<K, V>.() -> Unit): Map<K, V> {
    val map = HashMap<K, V>()
    map.build()
    return map
}

fun usage(): Map<Int, String> {
    return buildMutableMap {
        put(0, "0")
        for (i in 1..10) {
            put(i, "$i")
        }
    }
}
```