Clustering.


How this paper came about? I was cutting a papaya, I open the inside, and it had only a few seeds. I wonder, I have never seen a papaya with so little seeds. God said, write a paper on clustering. Why can we have atoms with less clustering (seeds)?

“In physics, the term clusters denotes small, multiatom particles. As a rule of thumb, any particle of somewhere between 3 and 3×107 atoms is considered a cluster.” Why do they cluster, we do not know? We can see this behavior on bacteria clustering. One thing we know external forces play a role in clustering. “ These phenomena depend on the balance of opposing forces, according to one of the reports.” “Other experimental and theoretical studies have found that active colloids may aggregate into a single dense cluster that grows continuously “
The major forces:
![mediators.png.jpg](https://qiita-image-store.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/0/950107/66cd38a0-6259-9ecd-f3f3-eec7c2451667.jpeg)



The major forces and the theories that propel are, EWT, QCD, QED, GR, the GR or Gravity makes particles cluster “In particular, the curvature of spacetime is directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever matter and radiation are present.” In the forces the mediators (The medium of transferring) W and Z bosons. “The respective symbols are W+, W−, and Z0. The W± bosons have either a positive or negative electric charge of 1 elementary charge and are each other's antiparticles. The three particles have a spin of 1. The W± bosons have a magnetic moment, but the Z0 has none. All three of these particles are very short-lived, with a half-life of about 3×10−25 s. Their experimental discovery was pivotal in establishing what is now called the Standard Model of particle physics.”
The standard model was established by W and Z particle, these two particles have a magnetic movement. “Even electrically neutral particles, such as the neutron, are not identical to their antiparticle.” On one of my papers I described how particles are never identical. 
The standard particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle with no substructure, i.e. it is not composed of other particles.
![Leptons.jpg](https://qiita-image-store.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/0/950107/df763e16-4877-3f08-01ae-15e13b654243.jpeg)

 
•	CC BY-SA 3.0
•	File:Elementary particle interactions af.svg
•	Created: 30 March 2013

This is the typical interaction of particles but not all particles follow this interaction (my postulation of a violation of contradiction makes particles differ on how they interact.) Take for “Leptons are an important part of the Standard Model. Electrons are one of the components of atoms, alongside protons and neutrons. Exotic atoms with muons and taus instead of electrons can also be synthesized, as well as lepton–antilepton particles such as positronium.
In other words particles form particles in small percentage that are influence differently by forces.
“Synthesize = “To combine different ideas, influences, or objects into a new whole, or be combined in this way.”
Leptons are influence by three of the major forces, Electromagnetic, the weak and gravitational forces. This is how they are classified.
![Matter.jpg](https://qiita-image-store.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/0/950107/de0fe190-30cc-10ab-33e7-ddb2c1f70630.jpeg)

Look at the sodium atom and how it clusters.
“Explanation of structure of atom (Sodium) with right number of protons, neutrons and electrons.”
![image.png](https://qiita-image-store.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/0/950107/a0e1719a-fd30-adab-0e37-17c4ce5019ca.png)

 
  This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

Spiral galaxy structures. All galaxies are form by forces like gravity and shock waves. “The density wave theory argues that the "gravitational attraction between stars at different radii" prevents the so-called winding problem, and actually maintains the spiral pattern.” What this means is galaxies do not all look the same they are winded by forces depending on attraction. 
 ![Image.png](https://qiita-image-store.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/0/950107/38d53f5b-e88b-3de5-de22-01849c040151.png)


A good example is “A gravitational lens is a distribution of matter (such as a cluster of galaxies) between a distant light source and an observer, that is capable of bending the light from the source as the light travels towards the observer. This effect is known as gravitational lensing, and the amount of bending is one of the predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.[1][2] (Classical physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.)”


Reference:
https://physics.aps.org/articles/v6/134
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20present%20understanding,interaction%2C%20and%20the%20strong%20interaction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_Atom.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_wave_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_wave_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens
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