隧道規約(tunneling protocol) 、Ethernet(73)

専門は通信規約(communication protocol)です。

遅延測定、経路制御、無線通信が主要な領域です。

具体的には、PHS, GPS, SoftEtherなどが対象領域です。

SoftEtherを知る
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7a4062f845ebb2539e25

RFCでは、NTP, Mobile IP, Tunnelingです。

遅延測定には時刻同期が鍵です。
Mobile IPは移動対応の Tunnelingかもしれません。

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/トンネリング

記事に参照がなく、内容としても乏しい。

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol

# 隧道規約

## 網祭隧道規約(IP tunneling)

トンネル掘削機
https://tdtds.jp/tunnel/

トンネリング (tunneling) 佐々木　真（ササキ　マコト）at「分かりそう」で「分からない」でも「分かった」気になれるIT用語辞典
https://wa3.i-3-i.info/word12036.html

通信で使う“トンネル”ってどんなもの？
https://tech.nikkeibp.co.jp/it/article/COLUMN/20101001/352543/


オーバーレイ (トンネル) プロトコル
https://docs.openstack.org/ocata/ja/networking-guide/intro-overlay-protocols.html

VPNを支えるトンネル技術
http://ponsuke-tarou.hatenablog.com/entry/2019/08/23/170733

第 􏰁11部 トンネリング技術
http://www.wide.ad.jp/About/report/pdf1992/part11.pdf

TCP-Tunneling at AnyDesk 
https://support.anydesk.com/TCP-Tunneling

　VPN におけるトンネリングと暗号化
https://www.infraexpert.com/study/ipsec2.html

トンネリングプロトコルについて
https://www.infraexpert.com/info/5.4adsl.htm

IP トンネルの概要　
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E26924_01/html/E25872/gepbe.html

DNSトンネリング: 攻撃者はDNSをどう悪用するのか
https://www.paloaltonetworks.jp/company/in-the-news/2019/dns-tunneling-how-dns-can-be-abused-by-malicious-actors

## 個別機器
VPN接続方式
https://network.yamaha.com/knowledge/vpn/protocol

M2Mデータマネジメント ＞ Cogent DataHub V8 ＞ トンネリング機能
https://www.co-nss.co.jp/products/management/tunnel.html

13.11.4　トンネル機能使用時の注意事項 ALAXALA Networks Corporation.
https://www.alaxala.com/jp/techinfo/archive/manual/AX7700R/HTML/10_10_/APGUIDE/0313.HTM

Windows Server 2016 の GRE トンネリング
https://docs.microsoft.com/ja-jp/windows-server/remote/remote-access/ras-gateway/gre-tunneling-windows-server

トンネリング・トンネリング接続 とは
https://www.liveon.ne.jp/glossary/wk/tunneling.html

##  RFC 
###RFC1853
IP in IP Tunneling
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1853

References

   [IDM91a] Ioannidis, J., Duchamp, D., Maguire, G., "IP-based
            protocols for mobile internetworking", Proceedings of
            SIGCOMM '91, ACM, September 1991.

   [RFC-791]
            Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
            USC/Information Sciences Institute, September 1981.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc791

   [RFC-792]
            Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol", STD 5          RFC 792, USC/Information Sciences Institute, September 1981.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc792

   [RFC-1191]
            Mogul, J., and S. Deering, "Path MTU Discovery", RFC 1191,
            DECWRL, Stanford University, November 1990.

   [RFC-1241]
            Mills, D., and R. Woodburn, "A Scheme for an Internet
            Encapsulation Protocol: Version 1", UDEL, July 1991.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1241

   [RFC-1435]
            Knowles, S., "IESG Advice from Experience with Path MTU
            Discovery", RFC 1435, FTP Software, March 1993.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1435

   [RFC-1700]
           Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC
            1700, USC/Information Sciences Institute, October 1994.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1700

   [RFC-1701]
            Hanks, S., Li, T., Farinacci, D., and P. Traina, "Generic
            Routing Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 1701, October 1994.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1701

   [swIPe]  Ioannidis, J., and Blaze, M., "The Architecture and
         Implementation of Network-Layer Security Under Unix", Fourth
            Usenix Security Symposium Proceedings, October 1993.

### RFC2341
  Cisco Layer Two Forwarding (Protocol) "L2F"
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2341

7.0 References

   [1] Romkey, J., "A Nonstandard for Transmission of IP Datagrams over
       Serial Lines: SLIP", RFC 1055, June 1988.

   [2] Simpson, W., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD 51,
       RFC 1661, July 1994.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1661

   [3] Simpson, W., "PPP in HDLC-like Framing", STD 51,, RFC 1662,
       July 1994.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1662


   [4] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1700,
       October 1994.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1700

   [5] Hanks, S., Li, T., Farinacci, D., and P. Traina, "Generic Routing
       Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 1701, October 1994.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1701



### RFC 2637
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2637

7.  References

   [1]  Hanks, S., Li, T., Farinacci, D. and P. Traina, "Generic Routing
        Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 1701, October 1994.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1701

   [2]  Hanks, S., Li, T., Farinacci, D. and P. Traina, "Generic Routing
        Encapsulation (GRE) over IPv4 Networks", RFC 1702, October 1994.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1702

   [3]  Lloyd, B. and W. Simpson, "PPP Authentication Protocols", RFC
        1334, October 1992.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1334

   [4]  Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC 793,
        September 1981.

   [5]  Postel, J., "User Data Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768, August 1980.

   [6]  Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1700,
        October 1994.  See also: http://www.iana.org/numbers.html

   [7]  Simpson, W., editor, "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD
        51, RFC 1661, July 1994.

   [8]  Ethertype for PPP, Reserved with Xerox Corporation.

   [9]  Simpson, W., "PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
        (CHAP)", RFC 1994, August 1996.

   [10] Blunk, L. and J Vollbrecht, "PPP Extensible Authentication
        Protocol (EAP)", RFC 2284, March 1998.

   [11] Stevens, R., "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1", p. 300, Addison-
        Wesley, 1994.

   [12] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

### RFC2661
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP"
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2661

11.0 References

   [DSS1]    ITU-T Recommendation, "Digital subscriber Signaling System
             No. 1 (DSS 1) - ISDN user-network interface layer 3
             specification for basic call control", Rec. Q.931(I.451),
             May 1998

   [KPS]     Kaufman, C., Perlman, R., and Speciner, M., "Network
             Security:  Private Communications in a Public World",
             Prentice Hall, March 1995, ISBN 0-13-061466-1

   [RFC791]  Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, September
             1981.

   [RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities",
             STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.

   [RFC1144] Jacobson, V., "Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed
             Serial Links", RFC 1144, February 1990.

   [RFC1661] Simpson, W., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD 51,
             RFC 1661, July 1994.

   [RFC1662] Simpson, W., "PPP in HDLC-like Framing", STD 51, RFC 1662,
             July 1994.

   [RFC1663] Rand, D., "PPP Reliable Transmission", RFC 1663, July 1994.

   [RFC1700] Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC
             1700, October 1994.  See also:
             http://www.iana.org/numbers.html
   [RFC1990] Sklower, K., Lloyd, B., McGregor, G., Carr, D. and T.
             Coradetti, "The PPP Multilink Protocol (MP)", RFC 1990,
             August 1996.

   [RFC1994] Simpson, W., "PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication
             Protocol (CHAP)", RFC 1994, August 1996.

   [RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, B., Karrenberg, D., de Groot, G.
             and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
             BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2138] Rigney, C., Rubens, A., Simpson, W. and S. Willens, "Remote
             Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2138,
             April 1997.

   [RFC2277] Alvestrand, H., "IETF Policy on Character Sets and
             Languages", BCP 18, RFC 2277, January 1998.

   [RFC2341] Valencia, A., Littlewood, M. and T. Kolar, "Cisco Layer Two
             Forwarding (Protocol) L2F", RFC 2341, May 1998.

   [RFC2401] Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, "Security Architecture for the
             Internet Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.

   [RFC2434] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
             IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
             October 1998.

   [RFC2637] Hamzeh, K., Pall, G., Verthein, W., Taarud, J., Little, W.
             and G. Zorn, "Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)",
             RFC 2637, July 1999.

   [STEVENS] Stevens, W. Richard, "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume I The
             Protocols", Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., March
             1996, ISBN 0-201-63346-9





###  RFC 2867     
RADIUS Accounting Modifications for Tunnel Protocol Support トンネルプロトコルサポートのためのラディウス課金変更
http://www5d.biglobe.ne.jp/stssk/rfc/rfc2867j.html
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2867

7.  References

   [1]  Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866, June 2000.

   [2]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [3]  Zorn, G., Leifer, D., Rubens, A., Shriver, J., Holdrege, M. and
        I.  Goyret, "RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol Support", RFC
        2868, June 2000.

   [4]  Townsley, W., Valencia, A., Rubens, A., Pall, G., Zorn, G. and
        B.  Palter, "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP"", RFC 2661,
        August 1999.

   [5]  Hamzeh, K., Pall, G., Verthein, W., Taarud, J., Little, W. and
        G.  Zorn, "Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)", RFC 2637,
        July 1999.

###  RFC 2868
 RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol Support
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2868

7.  References

   [1]  Hamzeh, K., Pall, G., Verthein, W., Taarud, J., Little, W. and
        G. Zorn, "Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)", RFC 2637,
        July 1999.

   [2]  Valencia, A., Littlewood, M. and T. Kolar, T., "Cisco Layer Two
        Forwarding (Protocol) 'L2F'", RFC 2341, May 1998.

   [3]  Townsley, W., Valencia, A., Rubens, A., Pall, G., Zorn, G. and
        B. Palter, "Layer Two Tunnelling Protocol (L2TP)", RFC 2661,
        August 1999.

   [4]  Hamzeh, K., "Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol - ATMP", RFC
        2107, February 1997.

   [5]  Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, "Security Architecture for the
        Internet Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.

   [6]  Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003, October
        1996.

   [7]  Perkins, C., "Minimal Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2004,
        October 1996.

   [8]  Atkinson, R., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)", RFC
        1827, August 1995.

   [9]  Hanks, S., Li, T., Farinacci, D. and P. Traina, "Generic Routing
        Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 1701, October 1994.

   [10] Simpson, W., "IP in IP Tunneling", RFC 1853, October 1995.

   [11] Zorn, G. and D. Mitton, "RADIUS Accounting Modifications for
        Tunnel Protocol Support", RFC 2867, June 2000.

   [12] Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A. and W. Simpson, "Remote
        Authentication Dial in User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865, June
        2000.

   [13] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [14] Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1700,
        October 1994.

   [15] Rigney, C., Willats, W. and P. Calhoun, "RADIUS Extensions", RFC
        2869, June 2000.

   [16] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for writing an IANA
        Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.

   [17] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
        Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998.

###RFC 3193
      Securing L2TP using IPsec
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3193.txt

6.  References

   [1]   Townsley, W., Valencia, A., Rubens, A., Pall, G., Zorn, G., and
         B. Palter, "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol L2TP", RFC 2661,
         August 1999.

   [2]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
         Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [3]   Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, "IP Authentication Header", RFC 2402,
         November 1998.

   [4]   Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, "IP Encapsulating Security Payload
         (ESP)", RFC 2406, November 1998.

   [5]   Piper, D., "The Internet IP Security Domain of Interpretation
         of ISAKMP", RFC 2407, November 1998.

   [6]   Atkinson, R. and S. Kent, "Security Architecture for the
         Internet Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.

   [7]   Harkins, D. and D. Carrel, "The Internet Key Exchange (IKE)",
         RFC 2409, November 1998.

   [8]   Simpson, W., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD 51, RFC
         1661, July 1994.

   [9]   Rand, D., "The PPP Compression Control Protocol (CCP)", RFC
         1962, June 1996.

[10]  Meyer, G., "The PPP Encryption Control Protocol (ECP)", RFC
         1968, June 1996.

   [11]  Sklower, K. and G. Meyer, "The PPP DES Encryption Protocol
         (DESE)", RFC 1969, June 1996.

   [12]  Sklower, K. and G. Meyer, "The PPP DES Encryption Protocol,
         Version 2 (DESE-bis)", RFC 2419, September 1998.

   [13]  Hummert, K., "The PPP Triple-DES Encryption Protocol (3DESE)",
         RFC 2420, September 1998.

   [14]  Dierks, T. and C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol Version 1.0", RFC
         2246, November 1998.

   [15]  Simpson, W., "PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
         (CHAP)," RFC 1994, August 1996.

   [16]  Blunk, L. and J. Vollbrecht, "PPP Extensible Authentication
         Protocol (EAP)," RFC 2284, March 1998.

   [17]  Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
         Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998.


### RFC  3308
  Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)    Differentiated Services Extension
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3308

13. References

   [RFC 1661] Simpson, W., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD 51,
              RFC 1661, July 1994.

   [RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC 2474] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F. and D. Black "Definition
              of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the
              IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, December 1998.

   [RFC 2475] Blake, S., Black, D., Carlson, Z., Davies, E., Wang, Z.
              and W. Weiss, "An Architecture for Differentiated
              Services", RFC 2475, December 1998.

   [RFC 2661] Townsley, W., Valencia, A., Rubens, A., Pall, G., Zorn, G.
              and B. Palter, "Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol (L2TP)", RFC 2661,
              August 1999.

   [RFC 2983] Black, D., "Differentiated Services and Tunnels", RFC
              2983, October 2000.

### RFC3378
EtherIP: Tunneling Ethernet Frames in IP Datagrams
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3378.txt

8. References

   [CSMA/CD] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers:
             "Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
             (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications",
             ANSI/IEEE Std 802.3-1985, 1985.

   [DIX]     Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Xerox
             Corporation: "The Ethernet -- A Local Area Network: Data
             Link Layer and Physical Layer (Version 2.0)", November
             1982.

   [RFC791]  Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, September
             1981.

   [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key Words for Use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2338] Knight, S., Weaver, D., Whipple, D., Hinden, R., Mitzel,
             D., Hunt, P., Higginson, P., Shand, M. and A. Lindem,
             "Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol", RFC 2338, April 1998.

   [RFC2401] Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, "Security Architecture for the
             Internet Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.

   [SDE]     Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers:
             "Interoperable LAN/MAN Security (SILS) Secure Data Exchange
             (SDE) (Clause 2)", IEEE Std 802.10b-1992, 1992.

   [XNS]     Xerox Corporation: "Internet Transport Protocols", XSIS
             028112, December 1981.

   [VLAN]    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: "IEEE
             Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Virtual
             Bridge Local Area Networks", ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998,
             1998.

### RFC 3391
  Layer Two Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3)
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3931

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2277] Alvestrand, H., "IETF Policy on Character Sets and
             Languages", BCP 18, RFC 2277, January 1998.

   [RFC2434] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
             IANA Considerations section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
             October 1998.

   [RFC2473] Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in IPv6
             Specification", RFC 2473, December 1998.

   [RFC2661] Townsley, W., Valencia, A., Rubens, A., Pall, G., Zorn, G.,
             and Palter, B., "Layer Two Tunneling Layer Two Tunneling
             Protocol (L2TP)", RFC 2661, August 1999.

   [RFC2865] Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A., and W. Simpson,
             "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC
             2865, June 2000.

   [RFC3066] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages",
             BCP 47, RFC 3066, January 2001.

   [RFC3193] Patel, B., Aboba, B., Dixon, W., Zorn, G., and Booth, S.,
             "Securing L2TP using IPsec", RFC 3193, November 2001.

   [RFC3438] Townsley, W., "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Internet
             Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Considerations Update",
             BCP 68, RFC 3438, December 2002.

   [RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646",
             STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003.

11.2.  Informative References

   [RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities",
             STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.

   [RFC1191] Mogul, J. and S. Deering, "Path MTU Discovery", RFC 1191,
             November 1990.

   [RFC1321] Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321,
             April 1992.


   [RFC1661] Simpson, W., Ed., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD
             51, RFC 1661, July 1994.

   [RFC1700] Reynolds, J. and Postel, J., "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC
             1700, October 1994.

   [RFC1750] Eastlake, D., Crocker, S., and Schiller, J., "Randomness
             Recommendations for Security", RFC 1750, December 1994.

   [RFC1958] Carpenter, B., Ed., "Architectural Principles of the
             Internet", RFC 1958, June 1996.

   [RFC1981] McCann, J., Deering, S., and Mogul, J., "Path MTU Discovery
             for IP version 6", RFC 1981, August 1996.

   [RFC2072] Berkowitz, H., "Router Renumbering Guide", RFC 2072,
             January 1997.

   [RFC2104] Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., and Canetti, R., "HMAC:  Keyed-
             Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February
             1997.

   [RFC2341] Valencia, A., Littlewood, M., and Kolar, T., "Cisco Layer
             Two Forwarding (Protocol) L2F", RFC 2341, May 1998.

   [RFC2401] Kent, S. and Atkinson, R., "Security Architecture for the
             Internet Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.

   [RFC2581] Allman, M., Paxson, V., and Stevens, W., "TCP Congestion
             Control", RFC 2581, April 1999.

   [RFC2637] Hamzeh, K., Pall, G., Verthein, W., Taarud, J., Little, W.,
             and Zorn, G., "Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)",
             RFC 2637, July 1999.

   [RFC2732] Hinden, R., Carpenter, B., and Masinter, L., "Format for
             Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL's", RFC 2732, December 1999.

   [RFC2809] Aboba, B. and Zorn, G., "Implementation of L2TP Compulsory
             Tunneling via RADIUS", RFC 2809, April 2000.

   [RFC3070] Rawat, V., Tio, R., Nanji, S., and Verma, R., "Layer Two
             Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) over Frame Relay", RFC 3070,
             February 2001.

   [RFC3355] Singh, A., Turner, R., Tio, R., and Nanji, S., "Layer Two
             Tunnelling Protocol (L2TP) Over ATM Adaptation Layer 5
             (AAL5)", RFC 3355, August 2002.

   [KPS]     Kaufman, C., Perlman, R., and Speciner, M., "Network
             Security:  Private Communications in a Public World",
             Prentice Hall, March 1995, ISBN 0-13-061466-1.

   [STEVENS] Stevens, W. Richard, "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume I: The
             Protocols", Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., March
             1996, ISBN 0-201-63346-9.


### RFC3519
Mobile IP Traversal of Network Address Translation (NAT) Devices
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3519.txt

11. Normative References

   [1]  Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768, August
        1980.

   [2]  Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, September 1981.

   [3]  Hanks, S., Li, T., Farinacci, D. and P. Traina, "Generic Routing
        Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 1701, October 1994.

   [4]  Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003, October
        1996.

   [5]  Perkins, C., "Minimal Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2004,
        October 1996.

   [6]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [7]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
        Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.
  [8]  Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D. and P. Traina,
        "Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 2784, March 2000.

   [9]  Montenegro, G., "Reverse Tunneling for Mobile IP, revised", RFC
        3024, January 2001.

   [10] Perkins, C., "IP Mobility Support for IPv4", RFC 3344, August
        2002.

12. Informative References

   [11] Srisuresh, P. and M. Holdrege, "IP Network Address Translator
        (NAT) Terminology and Considerations", RFC 2663, August 1999.

   [12] Srisuresh, P. and K. Egevang, "Traditional IP Network Address
        Translator (Traditional NAT)", RFC 3022, January 2001.

   [13] Daigle, L., Editor, and IAB, "IAB Considerations for UNilateral
        Self-Address Fixing (UNSAF)", RFC 3424, November 2002.




### RFC4951
 Fail Over Extensions for Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) "failover"
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4951

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]      Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                  Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [L2TPv2]       Townsley, W., Valencia, A., Rubens, A., Pall, G.,
                  Zorn, G., and B. Palter, "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol
                  "L2TP"", RFC 2661, August 1999.

   [L2TPv3]       Lau, J., Townsley, M., and I. Goyret, "Layer Two
                  Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC 3931,
                  March 2005.

11.2.  Informative References

   [L2TPv2-MIB]   Caves, E., Calhoun, P., and R. Wheeler, "Layer Two
                  Tunneling Protocol "L2TP" Management Information
                  Base", RFC 3371, August 2002.


   [L2TPv3-MIB]   Nadeau, T. and K. Koushik, "Layer Two Tunneling
                  Protocol (version 3) Management Information Base",
                  Work in Progress, August 2006.

   [BFD-MULTIHOP] Katz, D. and D. Ward, "BFD for Multihop Paths", Work
                  in Progress, March 2007.


### RFC 5515
  Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Access Line Information   Attribute Value Pair (AVP) Extensions
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5515

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2661]  Townsley, W., Valencia, A., Rubens, A., Pall, G., Zorn,
              G., and B. Palter, "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP"",
              RFC 2661, August 1999.

   [RFC3438]  Townsley, W., "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
              Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Considerations
              Update", BCP 68, RFC 3438, December 2002.



   [RFC3931]  Lau, J., Townsley, M., and I. Goyret, "Layer Two Tunneling
              Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC 3931, March 2005.

   [TR-101]   DSL Forum, "Migration to Ethernet-Based DSL Aggregation",
              TR 101, April 2006, <http://www.broadband-forum.org/
              technical/download/TR-101.pdf>.

11.2.  Informative References

   [ANCP]     Wadhwa, S., Moisand, J., Subramanian, S., Haag, T., Voigt,
              N., and R. Maglione, "Protocol for Access Node Control
              Mechanism in Broadband Networks", Work in Progress,
              March 2009.

   [IANA.enterprise-numbers]
              Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "PRIVATE ENTERPRISE
              NUMBERS", <http://www.iana.org>.

   [IANA.l2tp-parameters]
              Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "Layer Two Tunneling
              Protocol 'L2TP'", <http://www.iana.org>.

   [RFC2516]  Mamakos, L., Lidl, K., Evarts, J., Carrel, D., Simone, D.,
              and R. Wheeler, "A Method for Transmitting PPP Over
              Ethernet (PPPoE)", RFC 2516, February 1999.

   [RFC3046]  Patrick, M., "DHCP Relay Agent Information Option",
              RFC 3046, January 2001.

   [RFC3193]  Patel, B., Aboba, B., Dixon, W., Zorn, G., and S. Booth,
              "Securing L2TP using IPsec", RFC 3193, November 2001.

   [RFC3629]  Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
              10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003.

   [RFC4243]  Stapp, M., Johnson, R., and T. Palaniappan, "Vendor-
              Specific Information Suboption for the Dynamic Host
              Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent Option",
              RFC 4243, December 2005.

   [RFC4679]  Mammoliti, V., Zorn, G., Arberg, P., and R. Rennison, "DSL
              Forum Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes", RFC 4679,
              September 2006.

   [RFC4951]  Jain, V., "Fail Over Extensions for Layer 2 Tunneling
              Protocol (L2TP) "failover"", RFC 4951, August 2007.

### RFC5641
  Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)   Extended Circuit Status Values
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5641.txt

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3931]    Lau, J., Townsley, M., and I. Goyret, "Layer Two
                Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC 3931,
                March 2005.

   [RFC4349]    Pignataro, C. and M. Townsley, "High-Level Data Link
                Control (HDLC) Frames over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol,
                Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC 4349, February 2006.

   [RFC4454]    Singh, S., Townsley, M., and C. Pignataro, "Asynchronous
                Transfer Mode (ATM) over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
                Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC 4454, May 2006.


   [RFC4591]    Townsley, M., Wilkie, G., Booth, S., Bryant, S., and J.
                Lau, "Frame Relay over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
                Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC 4591, August 2006.

   [RFC4719]    Aggarwal, R., Townsley, M., and M. Dos Santos,
                "Transport of Ethernet Frames over Layer 2 Tunneling
                Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC 4719, November 2006.

8.2.  Informative References

   [IANA-l2tp]  Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "Layer Two
                Tunneling Protocol 'L2TP'", <http://www.iana.org>.

   [PREF-FWD]   Muley, P., Bocci, M., and L. Martini, "Preferential
                Forwarding Status bit definition", Work in Progress,
                September 2008.

   [RFC4446]    Martini, L., "IANA Allocations for Pseudowire Edge to
                Edge Emulation (PWE3)", BCP 116, RFC 4446, April 2006.

   [RFC4447]    Martini, L., Rosen, E., El-Aawar, N., Smith, T., and G.
                Heron, "Pseudowire Setup and Maintenance Using the Label
                Distribution Protocol (LDP)", RFC 4447, April 2006.

   [RFC5085]    Nadeau, T. and C. Pignataro, "Pseudowire Virtual Circuit
                Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A Control Channel for
                Pseudowires", RFC 5085, December 2007.

   [VCCV-BFD]   Nadeau, T. and C. Pignataro, "Bidirectional Forwarding
                Detection (BFD) for the Pseudowire Virtual Circuit
                Connectivity Verification (VCCV)", Work in Progress,
                July 2009.

### RFC 5905
 Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5905.txt

18.  References

18.1.  Normative References

   [RFC0768]       Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
                   August 1980.

   [RFC0791]       Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
                   September 1981.

   [RFC0793]       Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7,
                   RFC 793, September 1981.

   [RFC1321]       Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm",
                   RFC 1321, April 1992.

   [RFC2119]       Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                   Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

18.2.  Informative References

   [CGPM]          Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, "Comptes
                   Rendus de la 15e CGPM", 1976.

   [ITU-R_TF.460]  International Telecommunications Union, "ITU-R TF.460
                   Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions",
                   February 2002.

   [RFC1305]       Mills, D., "Network Time Protocol (Version 3)
                   Specification, Implementation and Analysis",
                   RFC 1305, March 1992.

   [RFC1345]       Simonsen, K., "Character Mnemonics and Character
                   Sets", RFC 1345, June 1992.

   [RFC4330]       Mills, D., "Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP)
                   Version 4 for IPv4, IPv6 and OSI", RFC 4330,
                   January 2006.

   [RFC5226]       Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing
                   an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
                   RFC 5226, May 2008.

   [RFC5906]       Haberman, B., Ed. and D. Mills, "Network Time
                   Protocol Version 4: Autokey Specification", RFC 5906,
                   June 2010.

   [ref6]          Marzullo and S. Owicki, "Maintaining the time in a
                   distributed system", ACM Operating Systems Review 19,
                   July 1985.

   [ref7]          Mills, D.L., "Computer Network Time Synchronization -
                   the Network Time Protocol", CRC Press, 304 pp, 2006.

   [ref9]          Mills, D.L., Electrical and Computer Engineering
                   Technical Report 06-6-1, NDSS, June 2006, "Network
                   Time Protocol Version 4 Reference and Implementation
                   Guide", 2006.

### RFC 5944 
IP Mobility Support for IPv4, Revised
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3193.txt

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [1]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
         Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [2]   Calhoun, P. and C. Perkins, "Mobile IP Network Access
         Identifier Extension for IPv4", RFC 2794, March 2000.

   [3]   Perkins, C., Calhoun, P., and J. Bharatia, "Mobile IPv4
         Challenge/Response Extensions (Revised)", RFC 4721, January
         2007.

   [4]   Cong, D., Hamlen, M., and C. Perkins, "The Definitions of
         Managed Objects for IP Mobility Support using SMIv2", RFC 2006,
         October 1996.

   [5]   Deering, S., Ed., "ICMP Router Discovery Messages", RFC 1256,
         September 1991.

   [6]   Deering, S., "Host extensions for IP multicasting", STD 5, RFC
         1112, August 1989.

   [7]   Dommety, G. and K. Leung, "Mobile IP Vendor/Organization-
         Specific Extensions", RFC 3115, April 2001.

   [8]   Eastlake 3rd, D., Schiller, J., and S. Crocker, "Randomness
         Requirements for Security", BCP 106, RFC 4086, June 2005.

   [9]   Kent, S., "IP Authentication Header", RFC 4302, December 2005.

   [10]  Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-Hashing
         for Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February 1997.

   [11]  Mills, D., Martin, J., Ed., Burbank, J., and W. Kasch, "Network
         Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms
         Specification", RFC 5905, June 2010.

   [12]  Montenegro, G., Ed., "Reverse Tunneling for Mobile IP,
         revised", RFC 3024, January 2001.

   [13]  Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D., and P. Traina,
         "Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 2784, March 2000.

   [14]  Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003, October
         1996.

   [15]  Perkins, C., "Minimal Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2004,
         October 1996.

   [16]  Plummer, D., "Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol: Or
         Converting Network Protocol Addresses to 48.bit Ethernet
         Address for Transmission on Ethernet Hardware", STD 37, RFC
         826, November 1982.

   [17]  Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768, August
         1980.

   [18]  Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, September
         1981.

   [19]  Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321, April
         1992.

   [20]  Solomon, J., "Applicability Statement for IP Mobility Support",
         RFC 2005, October 1996.

   [21]  Perkins, C., Ed., "IP Mobility Support for IPv4", RFC 3344,
         August 2002.

   [22]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
         Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008.

8.2.  Informative References

   [23]  Solomon, J. and S. Glass, "Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option for
         PPP IPCP", RFC 2290, February 1998.

   [24]  Montenegro, G., Dawkins, S., Kojo, M., Magret, V., and N.
         Vaidya, "Long Thin Networks", RFC 2757, January 2000.

   [25]  Allman, M., Glover, D., and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over
         Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC
         2488, January 1999.

   [26]  Paxson, V. and M. Allman, "Computing TCP's Retransmission
         Timer", RFC 2988, November 2000.

   [27]  Levkowetz, H. and S. Vaarala, "Mobile IP Traversal of Network
         Address Translation (NAT) Devices", RFC 3519, April 2003.

   [28]  Glass, S. and M. Chandra, "Registration Revocation in Mobile
         IPv4", RFC 3543, August 2003.

   [29]  Fogelstroem, E., Jonsson, A., and C. Perkins, "Mobile IPv4
         Regional Registration", RFC 4857, June 2007.

   [30]  Bellovin, S., "Security Problems in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite",
         ACM Computer Communications Review, 19(2), March 1989.

   [31]  Border, J., Kojo, M., Griner, J., Montenegro, G., and Z.
         Shelby, "Performance Enhancing Proxies Intended to Mitigate
         Link-Related Degradations", RFC 3135, June 2001.

   [32]  Caceres, R. and L. Iftode, "Improving the Performance of
         Reliable Transport Protocols in Mobile Computing Environments",
         IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 13(5):850-857,
         June 1995.

   [33]  Dawkins, S., Montenegro, G., Kojo, M., Magret, V., and N.
         Vaidya, "End-to-end Performance Implications of Links with
         Errors", BCP 50, RFC 3155, August 2001.

   [34]  Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131,
         March 1997.

   [35]  Ferguson, P. and D. Senie, "Network Ingress Filtering:
         Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source
         Address Spoofing", BCP 38, RFC 2827, May 2000.

   [36]  Jacobson, V., "Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed Serial
         Links", RFC 1144, February 1990.

   [37]  Ioannidis, J., Duchamp, D., and G. Maguire, "IP-Based Protocols
         for Mobile Internetworking", In Proceedings of the SIGCOMM '01
         Conference: Communications Architectures and Protocols, pages
         235-245, September 1991.

   [38]  Ioannidis, J. and G. Maguire, "The Design and Implementation of
         a Mobile Internetworking Architecture", In Proceedings of the
         Winter USENIX Technical Conference, pages 489-500, January
         1993.

   [39]  Ioannidis, J., "Protocols for Mobile Internetworking", PhD
         Dissertation - Columbia University in the City of New York,
         July 1993.

   [40]  Jacobson, V., "Congestion Avoidance and Control", In
         Proceedings of the SIGCOMM '88 Workshop, ACM SIGCOMM, ACM
         Press, pages 314-329, August 1998.

   [41]  McCloghrie, K. and F. Kastenholz, "The Interfaces Group MIB",
         RFC 2863, June 2000.

   [42]  McGregor, G., "The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol
         (IPCP)", RFC 1332, May 1992.

   [43]  Montenegro, G. and V. Gupta, "Sun's SKIP Firewall Traversal for
         Mobile IP", RFC 2356, June 1998.

   [44]  Perkins, C., Ed., "IP Mobility Support", RFC 2002, October
         1996.

   [45]  Stevens, R., "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols",
         Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1994.

   [46]  Perkins, C. and P. Calhoun, "Authentication, Authorization, and
         Accounting (AAA) Registration Keys for Mobile IPv4", RFC 3957,
         March 2005.

   [47]  Simpson, W., Ed., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD 51,
         RFC 1661, July 1994.

   [48]  IANA, "Mobile IPv4 Numbers", http://www.iana.org.

   [49]  Postel, J., "Multi-LAN address resolution", RFC 925, October
         1984.

   [50]  Perkins, C., Ed., "IP Mobility Support for IPv4", RFC 3220,
         January 2002.

### RFC 6169
 Security Concerns with IP Tunneling
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6169.txt
10.  Informative References

   [RFC2529]  Carpenter, B. and C. Jung, "Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4
              Domains without Explicit Tunnels", RFC 2529, March 1999.

   [RFC2661]  Townsley, W., Valencia, A., Rubens, A., Pall, G., Zorn,
              G., and B. Palter, "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP"",
              RFC 2661, August 1999.

   [RFC2979]  Freed, N., "Behavior of and Requirements for Internet
              Firewalls", RFC 2979, October 2000.

   [RFC3056]  Carpenter, B. and K. Moore, "Connection of IPv6 Domains
              via IPv4 Clouds", RFC 3056, February 2001.

   [RFC3484]  Draves, R., "Default Address Selection for Internet
              Protocol version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 3484, February 2003.

   [RFC3931]  Lau, J., Ed., Townsley, M., Ed., and I. Goyret, Ed.,
              "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC
              3931, March 2005.

   [RFC3971]  Arkko, J., Ed., Kempf, J., Zill, B., and P. Nikander,
              "SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND)", RFC 3971, March 2005.
 [RFC4380]  Huitema, C., "Teredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through
              Network Address Translations (NATs)", RFC 4380, February
              2006.

   [RFC4787]  Audet, F., Ed., and C. Jennings, "Network Address
              Translation (NAT) Behavioral Requirements for Unicast
              UDP", BCP 127, RFC 4787, January 2007.

   [RFC5095]  Abley, J., Savola, P., and G. Neville-Neil, "Deprecation
              of Type 0 Routing Headers in IPv6", RFC 5095, December
              2007.

   [RFC5214]  Templin, F., Gleeson, T., and D. Thaler, "Intra-Site
              Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)", RFC 5214,
              March 2008.

   [RFC5389]  Rosenberg, J., Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and D. Wing,
              "Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5389,
              October 2008.

   [RFC5991]  Thaler, D., Krishnan, S., and J. Hoagland, "Teredo
              Security Updates", RFC 5991, September 2010.

   [RFC6056]  Larsen, M. and F. Gont, "Recommendations for Transport-
              Protocol Port Randomization", BCP 156, RFC 6056, January
              2011.

   [SECA-IP]  Gont, F., "Security Assessment of the Internet Protocol
              version 4", Work in Progress, April 2011.

   [TUNNEL-LOOPS]
              Nakibly, G. and F. Templin, "Routing Loop Attack using
              IPv6 Automatic Tunnels: Problem Statement and Proposed
              Mitigations", Work in Progress, March 2011.



### RFC6758
  Tunneling of SMTP Message Transfer Priorities
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6758.txt

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3461]  Moore, K., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Service
              Extension for Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs)",
              RFC 3461, January 2003.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.

   [RFC5321]  Klensin, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", RFC 5321,
              October 2008.

   [RFC5322]  Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
              October 2008.

   [RFC6409]  Gellens, R. and J. Klensin, "Message Submission for Mail",
              STD 72, RFC 6409, November 2011.

   [RFC6710]  Melnikov, A. and K. Carlberg, "Simple Mail Transfer
              Protocol Extension for Message Transfer Priorities",
              RFC 6710, August 2012.

8.2.  Informative References

   [RFC2156]  Kille, S., "MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay):
              Mapping between X.400 and RFC 822/MIME", RFC 2156,
              January 1998.

   [RFC3207]  Hoffman, P., "SMTP Service Extension for Secure SMTP over
              Transport Layer Security", RFC 3207, February 2002.

   [RFC6376]  Crocker, D., Hansen, T., and M. Kucherawy, "DomainKeys
              Identified Mail (DKIM) Signatures", RFC 6376,
              September 2011.

   [SMTP-PRI-OLD]
              Schmeing, M., Brendecke, J., and K. Carlberg, "SMTP
              Service Extension for Priority Message Handling", Work
              in Progress, August 2006.




### RFC7450
 Automatic Multicast Tunneling
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7450.txt

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3376]  Cain, B., Deering, S., Kouvelas, I., Fenner, B., and A.
              Thyagarajan, "Internet Group Management Protocol,
              Version 3", RFC 3376, October 2002,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3376>.

   [RFC3810]  Vida, R., Ed., and L. Costa, Ed., "Multicast Listener
              Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6", RFC 3810,
              June 2004, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3810>.


   [RFC4291]  Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
              Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4291>.

   [RFC4607]  Holbrook, H. and B. Cain, "Source-Specific Multicast for
              IP", RFC 4607, August 2006,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4607>.

   [RFC4787]  Audet, F., Ed., and C. Jennings, "Network Address
              Translation (NAT) Behavioral Requirements for Unicast
              UDP", BCP 127, RFC 4787, January 2007,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4787>.

8.2.  Informative References

   [RFC0791]  Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
              September 1981, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc0791>.

   [RFC0792]  Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol", STD 5,
              RFC 792, September 1981,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc0792>.

   [RFC1112]  Deering, S., "Host extensions for IP multicasting", STD 5,
              RFC 1112, August 1989,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1112>.

   [RFC1191]  Mogul, J. and S. Deering, "Path MTU discovery", RFC 1191,
              November 1990, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1191>.

   [RFC1546]  Partridge, C., Mendez, T., and W. Milliken, "Host
              Anycasting Service", RFC 1546, November 1993,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1546>.

   [RFC1981]  McCann, J., Deering, S., and J. Mogul, "Path MTU Discovery
              for IP version 6", RFC 1981, August 1996,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1981>.

   [RFC2236]  Fenner, W., "Internet Group Management Protocol,
              Version 2", RFC 2236, November 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2236>.

   [RFC2460]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2460>.

   [RFC2663]  Srisuresh, P. and M. Holdrege, "IP Network Address
              Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations",
              RFC 2663, August 1999,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2663>.

   [RFC2710]  Deering, S., Fenner, W., and B. Haberman, "Multicast
              Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6", RFC 2710,
              October 1999, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2710>.

   [RFC3552]  Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for Writing RFC
              Text on Security Considerations", BCP 72, RFC 3552,
              July 2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3552>.

   [RFC4271]  Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed., "A
              Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271,
              January 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4271>.

   [RFC4443]  Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, Ed., "Internet
              Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet
              Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 4443,
              March 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4443>.

   [RFC4601]  Fenner, B., Handley, M., Holbrook, H., and I. Kouvelas,
              "Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM):
              Protocol Specification (Revised)", RFC 4601, August 2006,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4601>.

   [RFC4786]  Abley, J. and K. Lindqvist, "Operation of Anycast
              Services", BCP 126, RFC 4786, December 2006,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4786>.

   [RFC6935]  Eubanks, M., Chimento, P., and M. Westerlund, "IPv6 and
              UDP Checksums for Tunneled Packets", RFC 6935, April 2013,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6935>.

   [RFC6936]  Fairhurst, G. and M. Westerlund, "Applicability Statement
              for the Use of IPv6 UDP Datagrams with Zero Checksums",
              RFC 6936, April 2013,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6936>.


### RFC 7886
Advertising Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) Discriminators in the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7886.txt


5.  References

5.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3438]  Townsley, W., "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
              Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Considerations
              Update", BCP 68, RFC 3438, DOI 10.17487/RFC3438,
              December 2002, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3438>.

   [RFC3931]  Lau, J., Ed., Townsley, M., Ed., and I. Goyret, Ed.,
              "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3)",
              RFC 3931, DOI 10.17487/RFC3931, March 2005,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3931>.

   [RFC7880]  Pignataro, C., Ward, D., Akiya, N., Bhatia, M., and S.
              Pallagatti, "Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
              (S-BFD)", RFC 7880, DOI 10.17487/RFC7880, July 2016,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7880>.

5.2.  Informative References

   [RFC5880]  Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
              (BFD)", RFC 5880, DOI 10.17487/RFC5880, June 2010,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5880>.


# 参考資料(reference)
RFC search
https://www.rfc-editor.org/search/rfc_search.php

通信記事１００
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/1d67de5e1cd207b05ef7

Ethernet 記事一覧　Ethernet(0)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/88d35e99f74aefc98794

Wireshark 一覧 wireshark(0)、Ethernet(48) 
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fbed841f61875c4731d0

線網（Wi-Fi）空中線(antenna)(0) 記事一覧(118/300目標)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/5e5464ac2b24bd4cd001
＜この記事は個人の過去の経験に基づく個人の感想です。現在所属する組織、業務とは関係がありません。＞
This article is an individual impression based on the individual's experience. It has nothing to do with the organization or business to which I currently belong.
# 文書履歴(document history)
ver. 0.01 初稿 20200103 
ver. 0.02 RFC追記 20200211
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