Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [10] Start画面 / Game over画面

## Pygame Platform ゲームを作成 [10]
### Start画面 / Game over画面
#### Tasks
- `pygame.font.match_font()`を設定
- `settings.py`に`FONT_NAME`を設定
- `show_start_screen()`を実装
- `show_go_screen()`を実装
- ユーザーの入力を待つ`wait_for_key()`を実装
- 画面に文字を描画する`draw_text()`を実装



### プロジェクトストラクチャー
- `project/` -- 全てを入れるフォルダ（ディレクトリ）
    - `main.py` -- ゲームをスタートするファイル
    - `settings.py` -- constantを入れておくファイル
    - `sprites.py` -- PlayerなどのSpriteのコードを書くファイル



``` python:main.py

import pygame as pg
import random
from settings import *
from sprites import *


class Game:
    def __init__(self):
        # ゲームを初期化
        self.running = True
        pg.init()
        pg.mixer.init()
        self.screen = pg.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
        pg.display.set_caption(TITLE)
        self.clock = pg.time.Clock()
        self.all_sprites = None
        self.platforms = None
        self.playing = False
        self.player = None

        self.font_name = pg.font.match_font(FONT_NAME)  # FONTを探す

    def new(self):
        # ゲームオーバー後のニューゲーム
        self.score = 0
        self.all_sprites = pg.sprite.Group()
        self.platforms = pg.sprite.Group()

        self.player = Player(self)
        self.all_sprites.add(self.player)

        for plat in PLATFORM_LIST:
            p = Platform(*plat)
            self.all_sprites.add(p)
            self.platforms.add(p)
        self.run()

    def run(self):
        # ゲームループ
        self.playing = True
        while self.playing:
            self.clock.tick(FPS)
            self.events()
            self.update()
            self.draw()

    def update(self):
        # アップデート
        self.all_sprites.update()
        # check if player hits a platform - only if falling
        if self.player.vel.y > 0:
            hits = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self.player, self.platforms, False)
            if hits:
                self.player.pos.y = hits[0].rect.top + 1
                self.player.vel.y = 0

        # もしplayerが画面上部1/4に達したら
        if self.player.rect.top <= HEIGHT / 4:
            self.player.pos.y += abs(self.player.vel.y)  # abs = 絶対値を取得
            for plat in self.platforms:
                plat.rect.y += abs(self.player.vel.y)
                # 画面外に行ったplatformを消す
                if plat.rect.top >= HEIGHT:
                    plat.kill()
                    self.score += 10

        # ゲームオーバー
        # 落下を表現
        if self.player.rect.bottom > HEIGHT:
            # 全てのsprite
            for sprite in self.all_sprites:
                sprite.rect.y -= max(self.player.vel.y, 10)  # max値を取得
                if sprite.rect.bottom < 0:  # spriteが画面上部に消えたら
                    sprite.kill()
        if len(self.platforms) == 0:
            self.playing = False

        # 新しいplatform を作成 / 画面には平均的に同じ数のplatform
        while len(self.platforms) < 6:
            width = random.randrange(50, 100)

            p = Platform(random.randrange(0, WIDTH - width),
                         random.randrange(-75, -30),
                         width, 20)
            self.platforms.add(p)
            self.all_sprites.add(p)

    def events(self):
        # イベント
        for event in pg.event.get():
            if event.type == pg.QUIT:
                if self.playing:
                    self.playing = False
                self.running = False
            if event.type == pg.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pg.K_SPACE:
                    self.player.jump()

    def draw(self):
        # 描画
        self.screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
        self.all_sprites.draw(self.screen)
        self.draw_text(str(self.score), 22, WHITE, WIDTH / 2, 15)
        pg.display.flip()

    def show_start_screen(self):
        # ゲームスタート画面
        self.screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
        self.draw_text(TITLE, 48, WHITE, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 4)
        self.draw_text("Arrows to move, Space to jump", 22, WHITE, WIDTH / 2,
                       HEIGHT / 2)
        self.draw_text("Press a key to play", 22, WHITE, WIDTH / 2,
                       HEIGHT * 3 / 4)
        pg.display.flip()
        self.wait_for_key()

    def show_go_screen(self):
        # ゲームオーバー画面
        if not self.running:
            return
        self.screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
        self.draw_text("GAME OVER", 48, WHITE, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 4)
        self.draw_text("Score: {}".format(str(self.score)), 22, WHITE,
                       WIDTH / 2,
                       HEIGHT / 2)
        self.draw_text("Press a key to play again", 22, WHITE, WIDTH / 2,
                       HEIGHT * 3 / 4)
        pg.display.flip()
        self.wait_for_key()

    def wait_for_key(self):
        waiting = True
        while waiting:
            self.clock.tick(FPS)
            for event in pg.event.get():
                if event.type == pg.QUIT:
                    waiting = False
                    self.running = False
                if event.type == pg.KEYUP:
                    waiting = False

    def draw_text(self, text, size, color, x, y):
        font = pg.font.Font(self.font_name, size)
        text_surface = font.render(text, True, color)
        text_rect = text_surface.get_rect()
        text_rect.midtop = (x, y)
        self.screen.blit(text_surface, text_rect)


g = Game()
g.show_start_screen()
while g.running:
    g.new()
    g.show_go_screen()

pg.quit()



```





``` python:settings.py

# game options/settings
TITLE = "Jumpy!"
WIDTH = 480
HEIGHT = 600
FPS = 60
# NEW!!
FONT_NAME = 'arial'

# Player properties
PLAYER_ACC = 0.5
PLAYER_FRICTION = -0.12
PLAYER_GRAV = 0.8
PLAYER_JUMP = 20

# Starting platforms
PLATFORM_LIST = [(0, HEIGHT - 40, WIDTH, 40),
                 (WIDTH / 2 - 50, HEIGHT * 3 / 4, 100, 20),
                 (125, HEIGHT - 350, 100, 20),
                 (350, 200, 100, 20),
                 (175, 100, 50, 20)]

# define colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (47, 53, 66)
DARKGREY = (27, 140, 141)
LIGHTGREY = (189, 195, 199)
GREEN = (60, 186, 84)
RED = (219, 50, 54)
YELLOW = (244, 194, 13)
BLUE = (72, 133, 237)
LIGHTBLUE = (41, 128, 185)
BGCOLOR = LIGHTBLUE

```



## :link: Links :link:
#### [Github platformer](https://github.com/Seigakuin/platformer)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [9]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/aa85bff48cc99ff503d7)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [8]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/3e47f856459da7909fa9)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [7]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/aa41e26ae099c532f752)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [6]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/d9c51ba4c67bfdd1448f)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [5]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/71fd105b95670cb3028f)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [4]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/fe11d6cf4929694121a1)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [3]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/cbef581265e490f5c58d)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [2]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/f635870e2d2d2921becf)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [1]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/bccd0df2416571e2a937)