Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [12] SpriteSheetを使おう

## Pygame Platform ゲームを作成 [12]
### SpriteSheetを使おう
#### Tasks
- `img`フォルダに`spritesheet_jumper.png`を入れる
- `main.py`に`SpriteSheet`クラスを書く
    - `get_image`メソッドで画像の大きさを調整(`.transform()`)
- `main.py`の`Game``load_data`に`self.spritesheet`を足す
- `settings.py`に`SPRITESHEET`constantを作成し、ファイル名を格納
- `sprites.py`にPlayer画像を変更する




### プロジェクトストラクチャー
- `project/` -- 全てを入れるフォルダ（ディレクトリ）
    - `main.py` -- ゲームをスタートするファイル
    - `settings.py` -- constantを入れておくファイル
    - `sprites.py` -- PlayerなどのSpriteのコードを書くファイル
    - `highscore.txt` -- Highscoreを保存するためのテキストファイル
    - `img`  -- 画像ファイル(.pngなど)を入れておくフォルダ
        - `spritesheet_jumper.png`  -- 全ての画像一枚にある
        - `spritesheet_jumper.xml`  -- 書くアニメーションの座標(x, y)と幅(width)と高さ(height)が書いてある






``` python:main.py
import pygame as pg
import random
from settings import *
from sprites import *
from os import path

# NEW!!! 
class SpriteSheet:
    def __init__(self, filename):
        """ SpriteSheet専用クラス"""
        self.spritesheet = pg.image.load(filename).convert()

    def get_image(self, x, y, width, height):
        """ spritesheetの中の特定の画像を切り取る """
        image = pg.Surface((width, height))
        # NEW!!! imageに切り取った画像を貼る
        image.blit(self.spritesheet, (0, 0), (x, y, width, height))
        # NEW!!! transformで大きさを変更
        image = pg.transform.scale(image, (width // 2, height // 2))
        return image  # できたimageをreturn する


class Game:
    def __init__(self):
        """ ゲームを初期化 """
        self.running = True
        pg.init()
        pg.mixer.init()
        self.screen = pg.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
        pg.display.set_caption(TITLE)
        self.clock = pg.time.Clock()
        self.all_sprites = None
        self.platforms = None
        self.playing = False
        self.player = None
        self.score = 0
        self.highscore = 0
        self.dir = None
        # NEW!! 
        self.spritesheet = None

        self.font_name = pg.font.match_font(FONT_NAME)  # FONTを探す
        self.load_data()

    def load_data(self):
        """ HighScoreデータをロード """
        self.dir = path.dirname(__file__)
        # NEW!! imgフォルダへのパス
        img_dir = path.join(self.dir, 'img')
        with open(path.join(self.dir, HS_FILE), 'r') as f:
            try:
                self.highscore = int(f.read())
            except:
                self.highscore = 0
        # spritesheetをロード
        self.spritesheet = SpriteSheet(path.join(img_dir, SPRITESHEET))

    def new(self):
        # ゲームオーバー後のニューゲーム
        self.score = 0
        self.all_sprites = pg.sprite.Group()
        self.platforms = pg.sprite.Group()

        self.player = Player(self)
        self.all_sprites.add(self.player)

        for plat in PLATFORM_LIST:
            p = Platform(*plat)
            self.all_sprites.add(p)
            self.platforms.add(p)
        self.run()

    def run(self):
        # ゲームループ
        self.playing = True
        while self.playing:
            self.clock.tick(FPS)
            self.events()
            self.update()
            self.draw()

    def update(self):
        # アップデート
        self.all_sprites.update()
        # check if player hits a platform - only if falling
        if self.player.vel.y > 0:
            hits = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self.player, self.platforms, False)
            if hits:
                self.player.pos.y = hits[0].rect.top + 1
                self.player.vel.y = 0

        # もしplayerが画面上部1/4に達したら
        if self.player.rect.top <= HEIGHT / 4:
            self.player.pos.y += abs(self.player.vel.y)  # abs = 絶対値を取得
            for plat in self.platforms:
                plat.rect.y += abs(self.player.vel.y)
                # 画面外に行ったplatformを消す
                if plat.rect.top >= HEIGHT:
                    plat.kill()
                    self.score += 10

        # ゲームオーバー
        # 落下を表現
        if self.player.rect.bottom > HEIGHT:
            # 全てのsprite
            for sprite in self.all_sprites:
                sprite.rect.y -= max(self.player.vel.y, 10)  # max値を取得
                if sprite.rect.bottom < 0:  # spriteが画面上部に消えたら
                    sprite.kill()
        if len(self.platforms) == 0:
            self.playing = False

        # 新しいplatform を作成 / 画面には平均的に同じ数のplatform
        while len(self.platforms) < 6:
            width = random.randrange(50, 100)

            p = Platform(random.randrange(0, WIDTH - width),
                         random.randrange(-75, -30),
                         width, 20)
            self.platforms.add(p)
            self.all_sprites.add(p)

    def events(self):
        # イベント
        for event in pg.event.get():
            if event.type == pg.QUIT:
                if self.playing:
                    self.playing = False
                self.running = False
            if event.type == pg.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pg.K_SPACE:
                    self.player.jump()

    def draw(self):
        # 描画
        self.screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
        self.all_sprites.draw(self.screen)
        self.draw_text(str(self.score), 22, WHITE, WIDTH / 2, 15)
        pg.display.flip()

    def show_start_screen(self):
        # ゲームスタート画面
        self.screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
        self.draw_text(TITLE, 48, WHITE, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 4)
        self.draw_text("Arrows to move, Space to jump", 22, WHITE, WIDTH / 2,
                       HEIGHT / 2)
        self.draw_text("Press a key to play", 22, WHITE, WIDTH / 2,
                       HEIGHT * 3 / 4)
        self.draw_text("HIGH SCORE: {}".format(str(self.highscore)), 22, WHITE,
                       WIDTH / 2, 15)
        pg.display.flip()
        self.wait_for_key()

    def show_go_screen(self):
        # ゲームオーバー画面
        if not self.running:
            return
        self.screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
        self.draw_text("GAME OVER", 48, WHITE, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 4)
        self.draw_text("Score: {}".format(str(self.score)), 22, WHITE,
                       WIDTH / 2,
                       HEIGHT / 2)
        self.draw_text("Press a key to play again", 22, WHITE, WIDTH / 2,
                       HEIGHT * 3 / 4)
        if self.score > self.highscore:
            self.highscore = self.score
            self.draw_text("NEW HIGH SCORE!", 22, WHITE, WIDTH / 2,
                           HEIGHT / 2 + 40)
            with open(path.join(self.dir, HS_FILE), 'w') as f:
                f.write(str(self.score))
                print("finished writing")
        else:
            self.draw_text("HIGH SCORE: {}".format(str(self.highscore)), 22,
                           WHITE,
                           WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2 + 40)

        pg.display.flip()
        self.wait_for_key()

    def wait_for_key(self):
        waiting = True
        while waiting:
            self.clock.tick(FPS)
            for event in pg.event.get():
                if event.type == pg.QUIT:
                    waiting = False
                    self.running = False
                if event.type == pg.KEYUP:
                    waiting = False

    def draw_text(self, text, size, color, x, y):
        font = pg.font.Font(self.font_name, size)
        text_surface = font.render(text, True, color)
        text_rect = text_surface.get_rect()
        text_rect.midtop = (x, y)
        self.screen.blit(text_surface, text_rect)


g = Game()
g.show_start_screen()
while g.running:
    g.new()
    g.show_go_screen()

pg.quit()



```





``` python:settings.py

# game options/settings
TITLE = "Jumpy!"
WIDTH = 480
HEIGHT = 600
FPS = 60
FONT_NAME = 'arial'
HS_FILE = "highscore.txt"
# NEW!! spritesheetのファイル名
SPRITESHEET = "spritesheet_jumper.png"

# Player properties
PLAYER_ACC = 0.5
PLAYER_FRICTION = -0.12
PLAYER_GRAV = 0.8
PLAYER_JUMP = 20

# Starting platforms
PLATFORM_LIST = [(0, HEIGHT - 40, WIDTH, 40),
                 (WIDTH / 2 - 50, HEIGHT * 3 / 4, 100, 20),
                 (125, HEIGHT - 350, 100, 20),
                 (350, 200, 100, 20),
                 (175, 100, 50, 20)]

# define colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (47, 53, 66)
DARKGREY = (27, 140, 141)
LIGHTGREY = (189, 195, 199)
GREEN = (60, 186, 84)
RED = (219, 50, 54)
YELLOW = (244, 194, 13)
BLUE = (72, 133, 237)
LIGHTBLUE = (41, 128, 185)
BGCOLOR = LIGHTBLUE

```

``` python:sprites.py

# Sprite classes
import pygame as pg
from settings import *

vec = pg.math.Vector2


# noinspection PyArgumentList
class Player(pg.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, game):
        super().__init__()
        self.game = game
        # NEW!! spritesheetからimageを取得
        self.image = self.game.spritesheet.get_image(614, 1063, 120, 191)
        # NEW!! 背景を消す
        self.image.set_colorkey((0, 0, 0))
        # NEW!! rectを収録
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = (WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2)
        self.pos = vec(WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2)
        self.vel = vec(0, 0)
        self.acc = vec(0, 0)

    def jump(self):
        # jump only if on a platform
        self.rect.y += 1
        hits = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.game.platforms, False)
        self.rect.y -= 1
        if hits:
            self.vel.y = -PLAYER_JUMP

    def update(self):
        # 重力の設定
        self.acc = vec(0, PLAYER_GRAV)
        keys = pg.key.get_pressed()
        if keys[pg.K_LEFT]:
            self.acc.x = -PLAYER_ACC
        if keys[pg.K_RIGHT]:
            self.acc.x = PLAYER_ACC

        # 摩擦を計算
        self.acc.x += self.vel.x * PLAYER_FRICTION
        # Velocity に Accelerationを足す
        self.vel += self.acc
        # Position に Velocity を足す
        self.pos += self.vel + 0.5 * self.acc

        # Check Edges
        if self.pos.x > WIDTH:
            self.pos.x = 0
        if self.pos.x < 0:
            self.pos.x = WIDTH

        # 現在の位置に Positionを設定
        self.rect.midbottom = self.pos


class Platform(pg.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y, w, h):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pg.Surface((w, h))
        self.image.fill(GREEN)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y
```



## :link: Links :link:
#### [Github platformer](https://github.com/Seigakuin/platformer)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [11]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/a9114bb8aaeba62fef48)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [10]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/c2616693902088740c10)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [9]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/aa85bff48cc99ff503d7)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [8]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/3e47f856459da7909fa9)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [7]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/aa41e26ae099c532f752)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [6]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/d9c51ba4c67bfdd1448f)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [5]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/71fd105b95670cb3028f)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [4]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/fe11d6cf4929694121a1)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [3]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/cbef581265e490f5c58d)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [2]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/f635870e2d2d2921becf)
#### [Pygame - Platform ゲーム - [1]](https://qiita.com/sf_/items/bccd0df2416571e2a937)