Autosar Guidelines C++14, example code compile list(157)Rule A18-5-1  Functions malloc, calloc, realloc and free shall not be used.

Guidelines for the use of the C++14 language in critical and
safety-related systems Sample code compile list(157)
https://www.autosar.org/fileadmin/user_upload/standards/adaptive/17-03/AUTOSAR_RS_CPP14Guidelines.pdf
Autosar Guidelines C++14, example code compile list will be listed.
#目的(purpose)
AutosarのC++ GuidelineをOS, 制御のプログラムで利用するにあたって、以下を検討する。
(1)hosted, freestandingのどちらを基本にすべきか。(2)C++2014,C++2017, C++202aのどれを用いると良いか。
(3)どの処理系を併用すると良いか。
-std=c++14, -std=c++17, -std=c++2aの3種類で、複数のコンパイラでコンパイルすることにより、誤(error)、警告(warning)、関数・変数連携(link)、出力(output)、にどのような影響があるかを確認する。
#成果(outcome)
複数の処理系の特徴が明確になる。
各標準段階の違いを明確にする。
hostedまたはfreestandingの特徴と課題を明確にする。


#A18-5-1.cpp
##算譜(source code)

```c++:A18-5-1.cpp
//Guidelines for the use of the C++14 language in critical and safety-related systems
const char* msg="Rule A18-5-1 (required, implementation, automated) Functions malloc, calloc, realloc and free shall not be used.(157)A18-5-1.cpp";
//https://www.autosar.org/fileadmin/user_upload/standards/adaptive/17-03/AUTOSAR_RS_CPP14Guidelines.pdf
// There is no description about Autosar declear hosted or freestanding.
// If the Autosar intended both depending on the cases, autosar.h can choose one.
// Compile with -DHOSTED work as  hosted environment, -DFREESTANDING work as freestanding.

#include "autosar.h"/// @line add header file https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/4bde8f21ab059b96cf2a

using namespace std;/// @line add using

/// @ start AUTOSAR: From here to the "///end AUTOSAR" are from the AUTOSAR code without some code having /// comment in line.
// $Id: A18-5-1.cpp 271687 2017-03-23 08:57:35Z piotr.tanski $
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdlib>
void f1() noexcept(false)
{
// Non-compliant
  std::int32_t* p1 = static_cast<std::int32_t*>(malloc(sizeof(std::int32_t)));
  *p1 = 0;

// Compliant
  std::int32_t* p2 = new std::int32_t(0);

// Compliant
  delete p2;

// Non-compliant
  free(p1);

// Non-compliant
  std::int32_t* array1 =
    static_cast<std::int32_t*>(calloc(10, sizeof(std::int32_t)));

// Non-compliant
  std::int32_t* array2 =
    static_cast<std::int32_t*>(realloc(array1, 10 * sizeof(std::int32_t)));

// Compliant
  std::int32_t* array3 = new std::int32_t[10];

// Compliant
  delete[] array3;

// Non-compliant
  free(array2);

// Non-compliant
  free(array1);
}
void f2() noexcept(false)
{
// Non-compliant
  std::int32_t* p1 = static_cast<std::int32_t*>(malloc(sizeof(std::int32_t)));
// Non-compliant - undefined behavior
  delete p1;

  std::int32_t* p2 = new std::int32_t(0); // Compliant
  free(p2); // Non-compliant - undefined behavior
}
void operator delete(void* ptr) noexcept
{
  std::free(ptr); // Compliant by exception
}
/// @ end AUTOSAR
int start() { /// @{} for start
  f1();
  f2();
  cout<< msg << endl;
  ShutdownOS()  EXIT_SUCCESS;
/// Autosar OS 3.1.1, 2009: 7.1.2.2 Undefined Behaviour in OSEK OS
/// OS425 If ShutdownOS is called and ShutdownHook() returns then the operating system shall disable all interrupts and enter an endless loop.
}
```
##編纂・実行結果(compile and go)

```shell-session:cpa.sh
$ ../cpa.sh a18-5-1
$ clang++ a18-5-1.cpp -I./ -std=c++14 -Wall
a18-5-1l14(71858,0x7fff896c5380) malloc: *** error for object 0x7fa61fd026b0: pointer being freed was not allocated
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug
../cpa.sh: line 7: 71858 Abort trap: 6           ./$1l14 $2
$ clang++ a18-5-1.cpp  -I./ -std=c++17 -Wall
a18-5-1l17(71863,0x7fff896c5380) malloc: *** error for object 0x7ffbe1c027f0: pointer being freed was not allocated
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug
../cpa.sh: line 13: 71863 Abort trap: 6           ./$1l17 $2
$ clang++ a18-5-1.cpp  -I./ -std=c++2a -Wall
a18-5-1l2a(71868,0x7fff896c5380) malloc: *** error for object 0x7fdb99c027f0: pointer being freed was not allocated
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug
../cpa.sh: line 19: 71868 Abort trap: 6           ./$1l2a $2

$ g++-8 a18-5-1.cpp  -I./ -std=c++14  -Wall
a18-5-1g14(71878,0x7fff896c5380) malloc: *** error for object 0x7fdcc9500010: pointer being freed was not allocated
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug
../cpa.sh: line 26: 71878 Abort trap: 6           ./$1g14 $2
$ g++-8 a18-5-1.cpp  -I./ -std=c++17  -Wall
a18-5-1g17(71888,0x7fff896c5380) malloc: *** error for object 0x7f8a574027f0: pointer being freed was not allocated
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug
../cpa.sh: line 32: 71888 Abort trap: 6           ./$1g17 $2
$ g++-8 a18-5-1.cpp  -I./ -std=c++2a  -Wall
a18-5-1g2a(71898,0x7fff896c5380) malloc: *** error for object 0x7f82bdc027f0: pointer being freed was not allocated
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug
../cpa.sh: line 38: 71898 Abort trap: 6           ./$1g2a $2
```

#検討事項(agenda)
###1. 自律(freestanding)環境. 接待(hosted)環境

C++N4606 1.4 Implementation compliance p.4

###2. 対応OSの水準、対応通信規約、応用機能による分類
freestanding用の関数、ライブラリ等
###3. C++2014, C++2017, C++202aの比較項目
本件なし
###4. clang++, g++の比較検討項目
本件なし

###5. 役立つまたは意味のある実行時エラーを取る方法

###6. 役立つまたは意味のある出力

#参考文献(reference)
###C++N4741 2018
Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2017/n4741.pdf

C++N4741, 2018 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882 sample code compile list
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3294c014044550896010

###C++N4606 2016
Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2016/n4606.pdf

C++N4606, 2016符号断片編纂一覧(example code compile list)
 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882(1)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/df5d62c35bd6ed1c3d43/

#文書履歴
ver 0.10 初稿 20180612