Autosar Guidelines C++14, example code compile list(151)Rule A18-0-2 The library functions atof, atoi and atol from library <cstdlib> shall not be used.

Guidelines for the use of the C++14 language in critical and
safety-related systems Sample code compile list(151)
https://www.autosar.org/fileadmin/user_upload/standards/adaptive/17-03/AUTOSAR_RS_CPP14Guidelines.pdf
Autosar Guidelines C++14, example code compile list will be listed.
#目的(purpose)
AutosarのC++ GuidelineをOS, 制御のプログラムで利用するにあたって、以下を検討する。
(1)hosted, freestandingのどちらを基本にすべきか。(2)C++2014,C++2017, C++202aのどれを用いると良いか。
(3)どの処理系を併用すると良いか。
-std=c++14, -std=c++17, -std=c++2aの3種類で、複数のコンパイラでコンパイルすることにより、誤(error)、警告(warning)、関数・変数連携(link)、出力(output)、にどのような影響があるかを確認する。
#成果(outcome)
複数の処理系の特徴が明確になる。
各標準段階の違いを明確にする。
hostedまたはfreestandingの特徴と課題を明確にする。


#A18-0-2.cpp
##算譜(source code)

```c++:A18-0-2.cpp
//Guidelines for the use of the C++14 language in critical and safety-related systems
const char* msg="Rule A18-0-2 (required, implementation, automated) The library functions atof, atoi and atol from library <cstdlib> shall not be used.(151)A18-0-2.cpp";
//https://www.autosar.org/fileadmin/user_upload/standards/adaptive/17-03/AUTOSAR_RS_CPP14Guidelines.pdf
// There is no description about Autosar declear hosted or freestanding.
// If the Autosar intended both depending on the cases, autosar.h can choose one.
// Compile with -DHOSTED work as  hosted environment, -DFREESTANDING work as freestanding.

#include "autosar.h"/// @line add header file https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/4bde8f21ab059b96cf2a

using namespace std;/// @line add using

/// @ start AUTOSAR: From here to the "///end AUTOSAR" are from the AUTOSAR code without some code having /// comment in line.
// $Id: A18-0-2.cpp 271687 2017-03-23 08:57:35Z piotr.tanski $
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
std::int32_t f1(const char* str) noexcept
{
  return atoi(str); // Non-compliant - undefined behavior if str can not
// be converted
}
std::int32_t f2(std::string const& str) noexcept(false)
{
  return std::stoi(str); // Compliant - throws a std::invalid_argument
// exception if str can not be converted
}
/// @ end AUTOSAR
int start() { /// @{} for start
  const char * f ="filename.txt";
  string const& str=f;
  f1(f);
  f2(str);
  cout<< msg << endl;
  ShutdownOS()  EXIT_SUCCESS;
/// Autosar OS 3.1.1, 2009: 7.1.2.2 Undefined Behaviour in OSEK OS
/// OS425 If ShutdownOS is called and ShutdownHook() returns then the operating system shall disable all interrupts and enter an endless loop.
}
```
##編纂・実行結果(compile and go)

```shell-session:cpa.sh
$ ../cpa.sh a18-0-2
$ clang++ a18-0-2.cpp -I./ -std=c++14 -Wall
libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type std::invalid_argument: stoi: no conversion
../cpa.sh: line 7: 71012 Abort trap: 6           ./$1l14 $2
$ clang++ a18-0-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++17 -Wall
libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type std::invalid_argument: stoi: no conversion
../cpa.sh: line 13: 71017 Abort trap: 6           ./$1l17 $2
$ clang++ a18-0-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++2a -Wall
libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type std::invalid_argument: stoi: no conversion
../cpa.sh: line 19: 71022 Abort trap: 6           ./$1l2a $2

$ g++-8 a18-0-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++14  -Wall
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::invalid_argument'
  what():  stoi
../cpa.sh: line 26: 71032 Abort trap: 6           ./$1g14 $2
$ g++-8 a18-0-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++17  -Wall
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::invalid_argument'
  what():  stoi
../cpa.sh: line 32: 71042 Abort trap: 6           ./$1g17 $2
$ g++-8 a18-0-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++2a  -Wall
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::invalid_argument'
  what():  stoi
../cpa.sh: line 38: 71052 Abort trap: 6           ./$1g2a $2
```

#検討事項(agenda)
###1. 自律(freestanding)環境. 接待(hosted)環境

C++N4606 1.4 Implementation compliance p.4

###2. 対応OSの水準、対応通信規約、応用機能による分類
freestanding用の関数、ライブラリ等
###3. C++2014, C++2017, C++202aの比較項目
本件なし
###4. clang++, g++の比較検討項目
本件なし

###5. 役立つまたは意味のある実行時エラーを取る方法

###6. 役立つまたは意味のある出力

#参考文献(reference)
###C++N4741 2018
Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2017/n4741.pdf

C++N4741, 2018 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882 sample code compile list
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3294c014044550896010

###C++N4606 2016
Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2016/n4606.pdf

C++N4606, 2016符号断片編纂一覧(example code compile list)
 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882(1)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/df5d62c35bd6ed1c3d43/

#文書履歴
ver 0.10 初稿 20180612