Autosar Guidelines C++14, example code compile list(70)Rule A7-5-2 Functions shall not call themselves

Guidelines for the use of the C++14 language in critical and
safety-related systems Sample code compile list(70)
https://www.autosar.org/fileadmin/user_upload/standards/adaptive/17-03/AUTOSAR_RS_CPP14Guidelines.pdf
Autosar Guidelines C++14, example code compile list(
#目的(purpose)
AutosarのC++ GuidelineをOS, 制御のプログラムで利用するにあたって、(1)hosted, freestandingのどちらを基本にすべきか。(2)C++2014,C++2017, C++202aのどれを用いると良いか, (3)どの処理系を併用すると良いかを検討するため、-std=c++14, -std=c++17, -std=c++2aの3種類で、複数のコンパイラでコンパイルすることにより、誤(error)、警告(warning)、関数・変数連携(link)、出力(output)、にどのような影響があるかを確認する。
#成果(outcome)
複数の処理系の特徴が明確になるとともに、各標準段階, hosted, freestandingの特徴と課題を明確にする。


#A7-5-2.cpp
##算譜(source code)

```c++:A7-5-2.cpp
//Guidelines for the use of the C++14 language in critical and safety-related systems
const char* msg="Rule A7-5-2 (required, implementation, automated)Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly.(70)A7-5-2.cpp";
//https://www.autosar.org/fileadmin/user_upload/standards/adaptive/17-03/AUTOSAR_RS_CPP14Guidelines.pdf
// There is no description about Autosar declear hosted or freestanding.
// If the Autosar intended both depending on the cases, autosar.h can choose one.
// Compile with -DHOSTED work as  hosted environment, -DFREESTANDING work as freestanding.

#include "autosar.h"/// @line add header file https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/4bde8f21ab059b96cf2a

using namespace std;/// @line add using

///start AUTOSAR: From here to the "///end AUTOSAR" is from AUTOSAR without code having /// comment in line.
// $Id: A7-5-2.cpp 271687 2017-03-23 08:57:35Z piotr.tanski $
#include <cstdint>
static std::int32_t fn1(std::int32_t number);
static std::int32_t fn2(std::int32_t number);
static std::int32_t fn3(std::int32_t number);
static std::int32_t fn4(std::int32_t number);
std::int32_t fn1(std::int32_t number)
{
  if (number > 1)
  {
    number = number * fn1(number - 1); // Non-compliant
  }

  return number;
}
std::int32_t fn2(std::int32_t number)
{
  for (std::int32_t n = number; n > 1; --n) // Compliant
  {
    number = number * (n - 1);
  }

  return number;
}
std::int32_t fn3(std::int32_t number)
{
  if (number > 1)
  {
    number = number * fn3(number - 1); // Non-compliant
  }

  return number;
}
std::int32_t fn4(std::int32_t number)
{
  if (number == 1)
  {
    number = number * fn3(number - 1); // Non-compliant
  }

  return number;
}
template <typename T>
T fn5(T value)
{
  return value;
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
T fn5(T first, Args... args)
{
  return first + fn5(args...); // Compliant by exception - all of the
// arguments are known during compile time
}
std::int32_t fn6() noexcept
{
  std::int32_t sum = fn5<std::int32_t, std::uint8_t, float, double>(
                       10, 5, 2.5, 3.5); // An example call to variadic template function
// ...
  return sum;
}
constexpr std::int32_t fn7(std::int32_t x, std::int8_t n)
{
  if (n >= 0)
  {
    x += x;
    return fn5(x, --n); // Compliant by exception - recursion evaluated at
// compile time
  }
  return x;
}
///end AUTOSAR
int start() { /// @{} for start
  int32_t i=256;
  fn1(i);
  fn2(i);
  fn3(i);
  fn4(i);
  cout<< msg << endl;
  ShutdownOS()  EXIT_SUCCESS;
/// Autosar OS 3.1.1, 2009: 7.1.2.2 Undefined Behaviour in OSEK OS
/// OS425 If ShutdownOS is called and ShutdownHook() returns then the operating system shall disable all interrupts and enter an endless loop.
}

```

##編纂・実行結果(compile and go)

```shell-session:cpa.sh
$ ../cpa.sh a7-5-2
$ clang++ a7-5-2.cpp -I./ -std=c++14 -Wall
Rule A7-5-2 (required, implementation, automated)Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly.(70)A7-5-2.cpp
$ clang++ a7-5-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++17 -Wall
Rule A7-5-2 (required, implementation, automated)Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly.(70)A7-5-2.cpp
$ clang++ a7-5-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++2a -Wall
Rule A7-5-2 (required, implementation, automated)Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly.(70)A7-5-2.cpp

$ g++-8 a7-5-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++14  -Wall
Rule A7-5-2 (required, implementation, automated)Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly.(70)A7-5-2.cpp
$ g++-8 a7-5-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++17  -Wall
Rule A7-5-2 (required, implementation, automated)Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly.(70)A7-5-2.cpp
$ g++-8 a7-5-2.cpp  -I./ -std=c++2a  -Wall
Rule A7-5-2 (required, implementation, automated)Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly.(70)A7-5-2.cpp

```

#検討事項(agenda)
###1. 自律(freestanding)環境. 接待(hosted)環境

C++N4606 1.4 Implementation compliance p.4

###2. 対応OSの水準、対応通信規約、応用機能による分類
freestanding用の関数、ライブラリ等
###3. C++2014, C++2017, C++202aの比較項目
本件なし
###4. clang++, g++の比較検討項目
本件なし

###5 役立つまたは意味のある出力

#参考文献(reference)
###C++N4741 2018
Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2017/n4741.pdf

C++N4741, 2018 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882 sample code compile list
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3294c014044550896010

###C++N4606 2016
Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2016/n4606.pdf

C++N4606, 2016符号断片編纂一覧(example code compile list)
 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882(1)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/df5d62c35bd6ed1c3d43/

#文書履歴
ver 0.10 初稿 20180611