Linuxのバージョンの確認方法

## カーネルのバージョン確認
### /proc/version
```bash
cat /proc/version
```
```
Linux version 3.10.0-693.17.1.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Jan 25 20:13:58 UTC 2018
```
### uname
```bash
uname -a
```
```
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-693.17.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jan 25 20:13:58 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
```

## ディストリビューション別の確認方法
### Amazon Linux
#### /etc/system-release
```bash
cat /etc/system-release
```
```
Amazon Linux AMI release 2017.09
```
#### /etc/os-release
```bash
cat /etc/os-release
```
```
NAME="Amazon Linux AMI"
VERSION="2017.09"
ID="amzn"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="2017.09"
PRETTY_NAME="Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09"
ANSI_COLOR="0;33"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:amazon:linux:2017.09:ga"
HOME_URL="http://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-ami/"
````

### Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS
#### /etc/redhat-release
```bash
cat /etc/redhat-release
```
```
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
```
`/etc/system-release` や `/etc/centos-release` でも参照できる。
#### /etc/os-release
```bash
cat /etc/os-release
```
```
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
```

### Fedora
#### /etc/redhat-release
```bash
cat /etc/redhat-release
```
```
Fedora release 27 (Twenty Seven)
```
`/etc/system-release` または `/etc/fedora-release` でも参照できる。

#### /etc/os-release
```bash
cat /etc/os-release
```
```
NAME=Fedora
VERSION="27 (Twenty Seven)"
ID=fedora
VERSION_ID=27
PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 27 (Twenty Seven)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;34"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:27"
HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora"
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=27
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=27
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy"
```

### Debian
#### /etc/debian_version
```bash
cat /etc/debian_version
```
```
9.3
```
#### /etc/os-release
```bash
cat /etc/os-release
```
```
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="9"
VERSION="9 (stretch)"
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"
```

### Ubuntu
#### /etc/debian_version
```bash
cat /etc/debian_version
```
```
stretch/sid
```
#### /etc/lsb-release
```bash
cat /etc/lsb-release
```
```
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS"
```
#### /etc/os-release
```bash
cat /etc/os-release
```
```
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="16.04.4 LTS (Xenial Xerus)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS"
VERSION_ID="16.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
VERSION_CODENAME=xenial
UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial
```

### SUSE Linux
#### /etc/SuSE-release
```bash
cat /etc/SuSE-release
```
```
openSUSE 42.3 (x86_64)
VERSION = 42.3
CODENAME = Malachite
# /etc/SuSE-release is deprecated and will be removed in the future, use /etc/os-release instead
```
#### /etc/os-release
```bash
cat /etc/os-release
```
```
NAME="openSUSE Leap"
VERSION="42.3"
ID=opensuse
ID_LIKE="suse"
VERSION_ID="42.3"
PRETTY_NAME="openSUSE Leap 42.3"
ANSI_COLOR="0;32"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:opensuse:leap:42.3"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.opensuse.org"
HOME_URL="https://www.opensuse.org/"
```