MySQLをYUMインストール(デフォルトリポジトリ) & 初期設定

#概要

- OSは CentOS 6.5
- デフォルトの YUM リポジトリから MySQL 5.1 をインストールする
- MySQL の文字コードは utf8 にする

#事前確認
MySQLがインストールされていないことを確認。

```shell-session
# yum list installed mysql* 

Error: No matching Packages to list
```

#インストール

```shell-session
# yum install mysql mysql-devel mysql-server mysql-utilities 
```

インストールされたことを確認

```shell-session
# yum list installed mysql* 

Installed Packages
mysql.x86_64               5.1.73-3.el6_5        @updates
mysql-devel.x86_64         5.1.73-3.el6_5        @updates
mysql-libs.x86_64          5.1.73-3.el6_5        @updates
mysql-server.x86_64        5.1.73-3.el6_5        @updates 
```

#初期設定

##自動起動設定

初回起動

```shell-session
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database:  Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h hogehoge.jp password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!

                                                           [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
```

正常に起動できたので、自動起動も設定しておく。

```shell-session
// 現状確認
# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

// 自動起動 ON
# chkconfig mysqld on

// 変更確認
# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
```

##スクリプトで設定

```shell-session
# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation 
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):         // rootのパスワードを設定してないのでそのままEnter
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] Y      // rootのパスワードを設定する
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y        // anonymousユーザを削除
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y        // rootユーザでリモートからのログインを禁止
 ... Success!

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y      // testデータベースを削除
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y        // 権限を再読込
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...



All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!
```

##文字コードの設定

現状の確認

```shell-session
# mysql -p
Enter password:

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

mysql> quit
Bye
```

MySQL の設定ファイルを編集

```shell-session
# vi /etc/my.cnf
```
```ini:/etc/my.cnf
[client]
# 下記を追記
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
# 下記を追記
default-character-set=utf8
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
```

MySQL を再起動

```shell-session
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
```

文字コード設定の変更を確認

```shell-session
# mysql -p
Enter password:

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

mysql> quit
Bye
```