OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import http.client
import logging
import os
import queue as Queue
import ssl
import threading
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urlparse


def enable_requests_logging():
    http.client.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 4

    logging.basicConfig()
    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
    requests_log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    requests_log.propagate = True


def is_remote_session():
    return os.environ.get("SSH_TTY", os.environ.get("SSH_CONNECTION"))


class RedirectHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write(b"You're all set, you can close this window!")

        code = parse_qs(urlparse(self.path).query).get("code", [""])[0]
        self.server.return_code(code)

    def log_message(self, format, *args):
        return


class RedirectHTTPServer(HTTPServer, object):
    def __init__(self, listen, handler_class, https=False):
        super(RedirectHTTPServer, self).__init__(listen, handler_class)

        self._auth_code_queue = Queue.Queue()

        if https:
            self.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(
                self.socket, certfile="./ssl/server.pem", server_side=True
            )

    def return_code(self, code):
        self._auth_code_queue.put_nowait(code)

    def wait_for_code(self):
        return self._auth_code_queue.get(block=True)


def start_local_server(listen=("", 4443)):
    server = RedirectHTTPServer(listen, RedirectHandler)
    thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
    thread.daemon = True
    thread.start()

    return server

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) __init__
  B) return_code
  C) start_local_server
  D) RedirectHandler
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, send_file, Response, render_template
from pathlib import Path
from scripts.detect_encoding import detect_encoding
from scripts.converter import convert_encoding, get_available_formats
import subprocess

root_path = Path.cwd() # cwd is for current working directory
# All paths in this project are os adaptable (Windows/Unix path styles)

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template('index.html', available_formats=get_available_formats(root_path))

@app.route('/convert/<output_type>', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def upload_file(output_type=None):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        f = request.files['file']
        input_file_path = str(Path("target-files/input.txt"))
        f.save(input_file_path)

    initial_file_encoding = detect_encoding(input_file_path)

    try:
        convert_encoding(root_path, initial_file_encoding, output_type)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {str(e.output)}")
        return Response("HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST: " + str(e.output), 400)

    output_file_path = str(Path(f"target-files/{output_type}-converted.txt"))
    return send_file(output_file_path)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: upload_file
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os.path
import logging
from flask import request

def root_dir():  # pragma: no cover
    return os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

def get_file(filename):  # pragma: no cover
    try:
        src = os.path.join(root_dir(), filename)
        # Figure out how flask returns static files
        # Tried:
        # - render_template
        # - send_file
        # This should not be so non-obvious
        return open(src).read()
    except IOError as exc:
        return str(exc)

def main():
    # print(request)
    # print(request.headers)
    return get_file(request.headers['X-Fission-Params-Html'])

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) root_dir
  B) main
  C) get_file
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

from flask import Flask, jsonify, send_from_directory

try:
    from flask.ext.cors import CORS
except:
    from flask_cors import CORS
import json
import sys

application = Flask(__name__)

# Utilize CORS to allow cross-origin API requests
cors = CORS(application)


@application.route("/<path:filename>")
def static_send(filename):
    print(filename, file=sys.stderr)
    return send_from_directory(application.root_path, filename)


@application.route("/base/<path:filename>")
def base_static_send(filename):
    return send_from_directory(application.root_path + "/../static/", filename)


@application.route("/api/json/<request>", methods=["GET"])
def parse_json_request(request):
    with open("json/" + request, "r") as json_in:
        cooccurrence_json = json.load(json_in)
        return jsonify(cooccurrence_json)


@application.errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(e):
    return "Sorry, the page you requested could not be found."


if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  B) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  C) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: B,D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

from flask import Flask, jsonify, send_from_directory

try:
    from flask.ext.cors import CORS
except:
    from flask_cors import CORS
import json
import sys

application = Flask(__name__)

# Utilize CORS to allow cross-origin API requests
cors = CORS(application)


@application.route("/<path:filename>")
def static_send(filename):
    print(filename, file=sys.stderr)
    return send_from_directory(application.root_path, filename)


@application.route("/base/<path:filename>")
def base_static_send(filename):
    return send_from_directory(application.root_path + "/../static/", filename)


@application.route("/api/json/<request>", methods=["GET"])
def parse_json_request(request):
    with open("json/" + request, "r") as json_in:
        cooccurrence_json = json.load(json_in)
        return jsonify(cooccurrence_json)


@application.errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(e):
    return "Sorry, the page you requested could not be found."


if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) parse_json_request
  B) base_static_send
  C) page_not_found
  D) static_send
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import select
import paramiko

class Ssh:

    def __init__(self, host):
        self.client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        self.hostname = host.get_real_hostname()
        self.username = host.username
        self.password = host.password
        self.key_file = host.key_file
        self.port = 22
        self.timeout = 5

    def connect(self):
        self.client.connect(self.hostname, self.port, self.username, self.password, self.key_file, timeout=self.timeout)

    def exec(self, command):
        """Executes a command via ssh"""
        out_str = None
        err_str = None
        chan = self.client.get_transport().open_session()
        chan.exec_command(command)
        return_code = -1
        return_code = chan.recv_exit_status()
        chan.shutdown(2)
        if chan.recv_ready():
            read_list, _, _ = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.0)
            if len(read_list) > 0:
                out_str = chan.recv(-1).decode('utf-8')
        if chan.recv_stderr_ready():
            read_list, _, _ = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.0)
            if len(read_list) > 0:
                err_str = chan.recv_stderr(1024).decode('utf-8')
        return (return_code, out_str, err_str)


    def disconnect(self):
        self.client.close()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  F) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# dictionnary, store info
customers = {
    "name": "John Smith",
    "age": 30,
    "is_verified": True
}  # {} c an define dictionary, each key should be unique
print(customers["name"])
print(customers.get("birthday"))  # for info that is not in the dictionary
# we can supple the value for "birthday" too
print(customers.get("birthday", "Jan 1 1982"))
# update info
customers["name"] = "Jack Smith"
print(customers["name"])
customers["birthday"] = "Jan 1 1982"
print(customers["birthday"])

# exercise
phone = input("Phone: ")
digits_mapping = {
    "1": "One",
    "2": "Two",
    "3": "Three",
    "4": "Four"
}
output = ""
for ch in phone:
    output += digits_mapping.get(ch,
                                 "!") + " "  # "!" is a default value, it means that if we dont have a value in phone, like 5,if  we type out phone number is 555, it appears !!!1
print(output)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  F) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Imports
import requests
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulStoneSoup

import config


# Class: CUIC
class CUIC:
	# Data
	def data(self):
		# Parse XML data as JSON
		data = {
			'queue': [],
			'success': False,
			'message': ''
		}

		# Get data
		try:
			if not config.DEBUG:
				xml = requests.get(config.DATA_URL, verify=False, timeout=config.TIMEOUT).text
			else:
				xml = open(config.DEBUG_FILE, 'r').read()

		except Exception, e:
			data['message'] = 'Could not get data (error: %s)' % (e)

		else:
			# Parse data
			try:
				for line in BeautifulStoneSoup(xml).findAll('row'):
					l = {}

					for column in line.findAll('column'):
						key = filter(lambda c: c.isalpha(), column['name'].lower())
						value = column.text
						l[key] = value
					
					l['prettyname'] = ' '.join(l['queuename'].split('_')[:-1])
					l['prettyname'] = l['prettyname'].upper() if len(l['prettyname']) == 3 else l['prettyname']

					data['queue'].append(l)

			except Exception, e:
				data['message'] = 'Could not parse telephone data (error: %s)' % (e)

			else:
				data['success'] = True

		# Return data
		return data


# Tests
if __name__ == '__main__':
	# CUIC
	cuic = CUIC()

	print cuic.data()
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) data
  B) CUIC
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Imports
import requests
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulStoneSoup

import config


# Class: CUIC
class CUIC:
	# Data
	def data(self):
		# Parse XML data as JSON
		data = {
			'queue': [],
			'success': False,
			'message': ''
		}

		# Get data
		try:
			if not config.DEBUG:
				xml = requests.get(config.DATA_URL, verify=False, timeout=config.TIMEOUT).text
			else:
				xml = open(config.DEBUG_FILE, 'r').read()

		except Exception, e:
			data['message'] = 'Could not get data (error: %s)' % (e)

		else:
			# Parse data
			try:
				for line in BeautifulStoneSoup(xml).findAll('row'):
					l = {}

					for column in line.findAll('column'):
						key = filter(lambda c: c.isalpha(), column['name'].lower())
						value = column.text
						l[key] = value
					
					l['prettyname'] = ' '.join(l['queuename'].split('_')[:-1])
					l['prettyname'] = l['prettyname'].upper() if len(l['prettyname']) == 3 else l['prettyname']

					data['queue'].append(l)

			except Exception, e:
				data['message'] = 'Could not parse telephone data (error: %s)' % (e)

			else:
				data['success'] = True

		# Return data
		return data


# Tests
if __name__ == '__main__':
	# CUIC
	cuic = CUIC()

	print cuic.data()
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: data
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import sqlite3
import hashlib

DB_NAME = 'database.sqlite3'

conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)

conn.cursor().execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `users` (
    `uid` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    `email` TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    `username` TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    `password` TEXT NOT NULL
)''')
conn.cursor().execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `favourites` (
    `fid` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    `uid` INTEGER,
    `heading` TEXT,
    `body` TEXT ,
    FOREIGN KEY(`uid`) REFERENCES `users`(`uid`)
)''')
conn.commit()
conn.close()

def sql_select1(query, params):
    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(query, params)
    result = cursor.fetchone()
    return result

def sql_select(query, params):
    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(query, params)
    result = cursor.fetchall()
    return result

def sql_execute(query, params):
    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(query, params)
    result = cursor.rowcount
    conn.commit()
    return result

def email_exists(email):
    query = """SELECT email FROM users WHERE email = ?"""
    result = sql_select1(query, (email,))
    return bool(result)

def username_exists(username):
    query = """SELECT username FROM users WHERE username = ?"""
    result = sql_select1(query, (username,))
    return bool(result)

def hash_password(password):
    return hashlib.sha256(password.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

def add_new_user(email, username, password):
    query = """INSERT INTO users (email, username, password) VALUES (?,?,?)"""
    sql_execute(query, (email, username,hash_password(password)))

def check_credentials(email, password):
    query = """SELECT email FROM users WHERE email = ? AND password = ?"""
    result = sql_select1(query, (email,hash_password(password)))
    return bool(result)

def get_uid(email):
    query = """SELECT uid FROM users WHERE email = ?"""
    result = sql_select1(query, (email,))
    return result[0]

def save_font(uid, fonts):
    query = """INSERT INTO favourites (uid, heading, body) VALUES (?,?,?)"""
    sql_execute(query, (uid, fonts['heading'], fonts['body']))

def get_saved_fonts(uid):
    query = """SELECT heading, body, fid FROM favourites WHERE uid = ?"""
    return sql_select(query, (uid,))

def delete_font(uid, fid):
    query = """DELETE FROM favourites WHERE fid = ? AND uid = ?"""
    return sql_execute(query, (fid, uid))

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) sql_execute
  B) username_exists
  C) hash_password
  D) sql_select
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import sqlite3
import hashlib

DB_NAME = 'database.sqlite3'

conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)

conn.cursor().execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `users` (
    `uid` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    `email` TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    `username` TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    `password` TEXT NOT NULL
)''')
conn.cursor().execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `favourites` (
    `fid` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    `uid` INTEGER,
    `heading` TEXT,
    `body` TEXT ,
    FOREIGN KEY(`uid`) REFERENCES `users`(`uid`)
)''')
conn.commit()
conn.close()

def sql_select1(query, params):
    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(query, params)
    result = cursor.fetchone()
    return result

def sql_select(query, params):
    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(query, params)
    result = cursor.fetchall()
    return result

def sql_execute(query, params):
    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(query, params)
    result = cursor.rowcount
    conn.commit()
    return result

def email_exists(email):
    query = """SELECT email FROM users WHERE email = ?"""
    result = sql_select1(query, (email,))
    return bool(result)

def username_exists(username):
    query = """SELECT username FROM users WHERE username = ?"""
    result = sql_select1(query, (username,))
    return bool(result)

def hash_password(password):
    return hashlib.sha256(password.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

def add_new_user(email, username, password):
    query = """INSERT INTO users (email, username, password) VALUES (?,?,?)"""
    sql_execute(query, (email, username,hash_password(password)))

def check_credentials(email, password):
    query = """SELECT email FROM users WHERE email = ? AND password = ?"""
    result = sql_select1(query, (email,hash_password(password)))
    return bool(result)

def get_uid(email):
    query = """SELECT uid FROM users WHERE email = ?"""
    result = sql_select1(query, (email,))
    return result[0]

def save_font(uid, fonts):
    query = """INSERT INTO favourites (uid, heading, body) VALUES (?,?,?)"""
    sql_execute(query, (uid, fonts['heading'], fonts['body']))

def get_saved_fonts(uid):
    query = """SELECT heading, body, fid FROM favourites WHERE uid = ?"""
    return sql_select(query, (uid,))

def delete_font(uid, fid):
    query = """DELETE FROM favourites WHERE fid = ? AND uid = ?"""
    return sql_execute(query, (fid, uid))

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: hash_password
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import os

import markdown.inlinepatterns
import markdown.extensions
import markdown.util

import slugify as slugify_impl

class ClickHouseLinkMixin(object):

    def handleMatch(self, m):
        single_page = (os.environ.get('SINGLE_PAGE') == '1')
        try:
            el = super(ClickHouseLinkMixin, self).handleMatch(m)
        except IndexError:
            return

        if el is not None:
            href = el.get('href') or ''
            is_external = href.startswith('http:') or href.startswith('https:')
            if is_external:
                if not href.startswith('https://clickhouse.yandex'):
                    el.set('rel', 'external nofollow')
            elif single_page:
                if '#' in href:
                    el.set('href', '#' + href.split('#', 1)[1])
                else:
                    el.set('href', '#' + href.replace('/index.md', '/').replace('.md', '/'))
        return el


class ClickHouseAutolinkPattern(ClickHouseLinkMixin, markdown.inlinepatterns.AutolinkPattern):
    pass


class ClickHouseLinkPattern(ClickHouseLinkMixin, markdown.inlinepatterns.LinkPattern):
    pass


class ClickHousePreprocessor(markdown.util.Processor):
    def run(self, lines):
        if os.getenv('QLOUD_TOKEN'):
            for line in lines:
                if '<!--hide-->' not in line:
                    yield line
        else:
            for line in lines:
                yield line


class ClickHouseMarkdown(markdown.extensions.Extension):

    def extendMarkdown(self, md, md_globals):
        md.preprocessors['clickhouse'] = ClickHousePreprocessor()
        md.inlinePatterns['link'] = ClickHouseLinkPattern(markdown.inlinepatterns.LINK_RE, md)
        md.inlinePatterns['autolink'] = ClickHouseAutolinkPattern(markdown.inlinepatterns.AUTOLINK_RE, md)

def makeExtension(**kwargs):
    return ClickHouseMarkdown(**kwargs)

def slugify(value, separator):
    return slugify_impl.slugify(value, separator=separator, word_boundary=True, save_order=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) slugify
  B) handleMatch
  C) run
  D) ClickHouseAutolinkPattern
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import os

import markdown.inlinepatterns
import markdown.extensions
import markdown.util

import slugify as slugify_impl

class ClickHouseLinkMixin(object):

    def handleMatch(self, m):
        single_page = (os.environ.get('SINGLE_PAGE') == '1')
        try:
            el = super(ClickHouseLinkMixin, self).handleMatch(m)
        except IndexError:
            return

        if el is not None:
            href = el.get('href') or ''
            is_external = href.startswith('http:') or href.startswith('https:')
            if is_external:
                if not href.startswith('https://clickhouse.yandex'):
                    el.set('rel', 'external nofollow')
            elif single_page:
                if '#' in href:
                    el.set('href', '#' + href.split('#', 1)[1])
                else:
                    el.set('href', '#' + href.replace('/index.md', '/').replace('.md', '/'))
        return el


class ClickHouseAutolinkPattern(ClickHouseLinkMixin, markdown.inlinepatterns.AutolinkPattern):
    pass


class ClickHouseLinkPattern(ClickHouseLinkMixin, markdown.inlinepatterns.LinkPattern):
    pass


class ClickHousePreprocessor(markdown.util.Processor):
    def run(self, lines):
        if os.getenv('QLOUD_TOKEN'):
            for line in lines:
                if '<!--hide-->' not in line:
                    yield line
        else:
            for line in lines:
                yield line


class ClickHouseMarkdown(markdown.extensions.Extension):

    def extendMarkdown(self, md, md_globals):
        md.preprocessors['clickhouse'] = ClickHousePreprocessor()
        md.inlinePatterns['link'] = ClickHouseLinkPattern(markdown.inlinepatterns.LINK_RE, md)
        md.inlinePatterns['autolink'] = ClickHouseAutolinkPattern(markdown.inlinepatterns.AUTOLINK_RE, md)

def makeExtension(**kwargs):
    return ClickHouseMarkdown(**kwargs)

def slugify(value, separator):
    return slugify_impl.slugify(value, separator=separator, word_boundary=True, save_order=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: handleMatch
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""routes.icons

This module contains all of the routes for getting icons

Attributes:
    icons_blueprint: The blueprint for these routes
"""
from flask import Blueprint, redirect

icons_blueprint = Blueprint('icons', __name__, url_prefix='/icons')


@icons_blueprint.route('<path:domain>/icon.png', methods=['GET'])
def icon(domain):
    """
    Gets the icon for the inputted domain

    Args:
        :param domain: The domain needing the icon

    Returns:
        redirect: Redirects to the website's favicon
    """
    return redirect('{}/favicon.ico'.format(domain))

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  E) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from math import radians, cos, sin, asin, sqrt
import geocoder
import json
import requests

"""Driver details"""
user_latitude = 22.5697
user_longitude = 88.3697
city = "Kolkata"
print("\nUser/Driver details:")
print ("latitude = " + str(user_latitude) + "\nlongitude = " + str(user_longitude) + "\ncity = " + city)

"""Emergency contact person details"""
#visit https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24906833/get-your-location-through-python/49778452#49778452 to known about, how to get your own access_key
freegeoip = "http://api.ipstack.com/check?access_key=Your_ACCESS_KEY"
geo_r = requests.get(freegeoip)
geo_j = json.loads(geo_r.text)
ip = geo_j['ip']
location = geo_j['city']
lat_ecp = geo_j['latitude']
lon_ecp = geo_j['longitude']
print("\nEmergency contact person details:")
print("Your location = " + location)


"""Calculate the distance between two points"""
try:
	lon_ecp, lat_ecp, user_longitude, user_latitude = map(radians, [lon_ecp, lat_ecp, user_longitude, user_latitude])

	# haversine formula 
	dlon = user_longitude - lon_ecp 
	dlat = user_latitude - lat_ecp 
	a = sin(dlat/2)**2 + cos(lat_ecp) * cos(user_latitude) * sin(dlon/2)**2
	c = 2 * asin(sqrt(a)) 
	km = 6367 * c

	km = ('%.0f'%km)

	msg_distance = 'Driver is about '+str(km)+' km away from you';
	print(msg_distance)
except:
	print('\nUnable to calculate distance.')
	msg_distance = 'Unable to calculate distance.'

website = 'https://www.google.com/maps/'
co_ordinates = "?q="+str(user_latitude)+","+str(user_longitude)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  C) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  D) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python

import cgi
import json

form = cgi.FieldStorage()
prob_name = form['problem_name'].value
assert type(prob_name) is str # prevent subclassing shenanigans

print("Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1\n")

try:
  for line in open('coding-the-matrix/python_lab.problem2name'):
    p, desc = line.strip().split('%')
    if p == prob_name:
      break

  fn = 'coding-the-matrix/python-lab/' + prob_name + '.py'
  cod = open(fn).read()
  print(json.dumps(dict(code=cod, test='', description=desc)))
except:
  print(json.dumps(dict(code='', test='', status='error')))
 

'''
import doctest
p = doctest.DocTestParser()
examples = p.get_examples(cod)
if len(examples):
  first_ex = examples[0]
  testCod = 'result = ' + first_ex.source

print("Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1\n")
print(json.dumps(dict(code=cod, test=testCod)))
'''

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Impler necessary modules
from flask import Flask, jsonify, abort, render_template
from geocoder import Geocoder

# Define the app
app = Flask(__name__)

# Define what happens when '/' is called 
@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def default():
	# Render the webpage
	return render_template('layout.html')

# Define what happends when '/sendRequest/<query>' is called 
@app.route('/sendRequest/<string:query>', methods=['GET'])
def get(query):

	# Create new object
	geocdr = Geocoder()

	# Check if the quesry is not empty. If empty abort and generate Bad Request error 
	if len(query) == 0:
		abort(400)

	# Call the googleGeocoder function with query
	response_json = geocdr.googleGeocoder(search=query)

	# Check the status of the response 
	if response_json['status'] == 'OK':
		# return jsonify(response_json['results'][0]['geometry']['location'])
		
		# Retrieve the coordinates
		position = response_json["results"][0]["geometry"]["location"]
		
		# Retrieve the place_id
		place_id = response_json["results"][0]["place_id"]
		
		# Check the length of the place_id. If empty, generate bad request error
		if len(place_id) == 0:
			abort(400)
		
		# Call the googlePlace function with place_id
		url = geocdr.googlePlace(place_id=str(place_id))["result"]["url"]

		# Convert the information in JSON object and send to Javascript
		return jsonify({"result" : url, "position" : position})

	else:

		# Call the hereGeocoder function with query
		response_json = geocdr.hereGeocoder(search=query)

		# Check if the response is empty
		if response_json['Response']['View']:
			# return jsonify(response_json['Response']['View'][0]['Result'][0]['Location']['DisplayPosition'])
			
			# Retrieve the position information
			position = response_json['Response']['View'][0]['Result'][0]['Location']['DisplayPosition']
			lat = position['Latitude']
			lng = position['Longitude']
			
			# Check if lat and lng are present. If not, generate bad request error 
			if not lat and lng:
				abort(400)
			
			# Call the herePlace function
			url = geocdr.herePlace(str(lat), str(lng))

			# Convert the information in JSON object and senfd to Javascript
			return jsonify({'result' : url, 'position': position})
		
		else: 

			# Return an error message 
			return "Couldn't find anything for the query {}. \n".format(query)


# Execute the following section if this file is ran 
if __name__ == '__main__':

	# Run the app
	app.run(debug=True)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: get
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.contrib.auth.models import auth, User
from django.contrib import messages
# Create your views here.


# register
def register(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if User.objects.filter(username=request.POST['name']).exists():
            messages.error(request, 'username already taken...')

        elif User.objects.filter(email=request.POST['email']).exists():
            messages.error(request, 'email already taken...')

        else:
            user = User.objects.create_user(
                username=request.POST['name'], email=request.POST['email'], password=request.POST['password'])
            user.save()
            return redirect('auth/login')
    else:
        return render(request, 'register.html')


# login
def login(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.POST['username']
        password = request.POST['password']
        print(username,password)
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
        print('is authenticated or not ==',user)

        if user is not None:
            auth.login(request, user)
            return redirect('/')
        else:
            messages.error(request, 'Invalid Login Credentials...')
            return redirect('auth/login')

    else:
        return render(request, 'login.html')


# logout
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect('/')
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) register
  B) logout
  C) login
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.contrib.auth.models import auth, User
from django.contrib import messages
# Create your views here.


# register
def register(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if User.objects.filter(username=request.POST['name']).exists():
            messages.error(request, 'username already taken...')

        elif User.objects.filter(email=request.POST['email']).exists():
            messages.error(request, 'email already taken...')

        else:
            user = User.objects.create_user(
                username=request.POST['name'], email=request.POST['email'], password=request.POST['password'])
            user.save()
            return redirect('auth/login')
    else:
        return render(request, 'register.html')


# login
def login(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.POST['username']
        password = request.POST['password']
        print(username,password)
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
        print('is authenticated or not ==',user)

        if user is not None:
            auth.login(request, user)
            return redirect('/')
        else:
            messages.error(request, 'Invalid Login Credentials...')
            return redirect('auth/login')

    else:
        return render(request, 'login.html')


# logout
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect('/')
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3


"""YouTube utilities.

Using the YouTube URL:
* Get the YouTube Title
* Get the YouTube Shortened URL
"""

import sys
import re
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


def video_id(url: str) -> str:
    """Return the YouTube Video Id from URL."""
    REGEX = '(?:https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\?v=|https:\/\/youtu.be\/)([^&\n\r]*)'
    youtube_id = re.match(REGEX, url, re.I | re.M)
    try:
        return f'{youtube_id.group(1)}'
    except AttributeError:
        raise Exception('Not a valid YouTube url.')


def title(url: str) -> str:
    """Return the title of the YouTube video."""
    r = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'html.parser')
    return soup.find('title').text


def shorten_url(youtube_id: str) -> str:
    """Return the shortened url for YouTube video."""
    return f'https://youtu.be/{youtube_id}'


def markdown_list(url: str, title: str) -> str:
    """Return the Markdown list syntax for YouTube video."""
    return f'* [{title}]({url})'


def main(url: str) -> str:
    """Run the program."""
    try:
        youtube_id = video_id(url)
    except Exception as e:
        return e
    title_ = title(url)
    short_url = shorten_url(youtube_id)
    markdown = markdown_list(url=short_url, title=title_)
    return markdown


if __name__ == "__main__":
    used_shell = False
    try:
        url = sys.argv[1]
    except IndexError:
        from dev_utils import shell
        url = shell('pbpaste').decode("utf-8")
        used_shell = True

    output = main(url)

    if used_shell:
        url = shell(f'echo \'{output}\' | pbcopy').decode("utf-8")

    print(output)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  C) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  F) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3


"""YouTube utilities.

Using the YouTube URL:
* Get the YouTube Title
* Get the YouTube Shortened URL
"""

import sys
import re
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


def video_id(url: str) -> str:
    """Return the YouTube Video Id from URL."""
    REGEX = '(?:https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\?v=|https:\/\/youtu.be\/)([^&\n\r]*)'
    youtube_id = re.match(REGEX, url, re.I | re.M)
    try:
        return f'{youtube_id.group(1)}'
    except AttributeError:
        raise Exception('Not a valid YouTube url.')


def title(url: str) -> str:
    """Return the title of the YouTube video."""
    r = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'html.parser')
    return soup.find('title').text


def shorten_url(youtube_id: str) -> str:
    """Return the shortened url for YouTube video."""
    return f'https://youtu.be/{youtube_id}'


def markdown_list(url: str, title: str) -> str:
    """Return the Markdown list syntax for YouTube video."""
    return f'* [{title}]({url})'


def main(url: str) -> str:
    """Run the program."""
    try:
        youtube_id = video_id(url)
    except Exception as e:
        return e
    title_ = title(url)
    short_url = shorten_url(youtube_id)
    markdown = markdown_list(url=short_url, title=title_)
    return markdown


if __name__ == "__main__":
    used_shell = False
    try:
        url = sys.argv[1]
    except IndexError:
        from dev_utils import shell
        url = shell('pbpaste').decode("utf-8")
        used_shell = True

    output = main(url)

    if used_shell:
        url = shell(f'echo \'{output}\' | pbcopy').decode("utf-8")

    print(output)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: video_id