OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# python std lib
import json
import logging
import re

# phabfive imports
from phabfive.constants import MONOGRAMS
from phabfive.core import Phabfive
from phabfive.exceptions import PhabfiveDataException, PhabfiveRemoteException

# 3rd party imports
from phabricator import APIError


log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class Passphrase(Phabfive):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Passphrase, self).__init__()

    def _validate_identifier(self, id_):
        return re.match(f"^{MONOGRAMS['passphrase']}$", id_)

    def get_secret(self, ids):
        if not self._validate_identifier(ids):
            raise PhabfiveDataException(f"Identifier '{ids}' is not valid")

        ids = ids.replace("K", "")

        try:
            response = self.phab.passphrase.query(
                ids=[ids],
                needSecrets=1,
            )
        except APIError as e:
            raise PhabfiveRemoteException(e)

        has_data = response.get("data", {})

        if not has_data:
            raise PhabfiveDataException(f"K{ids} has no data or other error")

        # TODO: I am doing the logging wrong, in this module the loglevel
        # is INFO, even if env PHABFIVE_DEBUG=1
        log.debug(json.dumps(response["data"], indent=2))

        # When Conduit Access is not accepted for Passphrase the "response" will return value "noAPIAccess" in key "material" instead of the secret
        api_access_value = response["data"].get(next(iter(response["data"])))["material"]
        no_api_access = "noAPIAccess" in api_access_value

        if no_api_access:
            raise PhabfiveDataException(
                api_access_value.get("noAPIAccess"),
            )

        return response["data"]

    def print_secret(self, ids):
        secret = self.get_secret(ids)

        for value in secret.values():
            for secret_type, secret_value in value["material"].items():
                if secret_type == "password":
                    print(secret_value)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) get_secret
  B) Passphrase
  C) _validate_identifier
  D) print_secret
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# python std lib
import json
import logging
import re

# phabfive imports
from phabfive.constants import MONOGRAMS
from phabfive.core import Phabfive
from phabfive.exceptions import PhabfiveDataException, PhabfiveRemoteException

# 3rd party imports
from phabricator import APIError


log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class Passphrase(Phabfive):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Passphrase, self).__init__()

    def _validate_identifier(self, id_):
        return re.match(f"^{MONOGRAMS['passphrase']}$", id_)

    def get_secret(self, ids):
        if not self._validate_identifier(ids):
            raise PhabfiveDataException(f"Identifier '{ids}' is not valid")

        ids = ids.replace("K", "")

        try:
            response = self.phab.passphrase.query(
                ids=[ids],
                needSecrets=1,
            )
        except APIError as e:
            raise PhabfiveRemoteException(e)

        has_data = response.get("data", {})

        if not has_data:
            raise PhabfiveDataException(f"K{ids} has no data or other error")

        # TODO: I am doing the logging wrong, in this module the loglevel
        # is INFO, even if env PHABFIVE_DEBUG=1
        log.debug(json.dumps(response["data"], indent=2))

        # When Conduit Access is not accepted for Passphrase the "response" will return value "noAPIAccess" in key "material" instead of the secret
        api_access_value = response["data"].get(next(iter(response["data"])))["material"]
        no_api_access = "noAPIAccess" in api_access_value

        if no_api_access:
            raise PhabfiveDataException(
                api_access_value.get("noAPIAccess"),
            )

        return response["data"]

    def print_secret(self, ids):
        secret = self.get_secret(ids)

        for value in secret.values():
            for secret_type, secret_value in value["material"].items():
                if secret_type == "password":
                    print(secret_value)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: print_secret
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from datetime import datetime
import os
import pytz
import requests
import math
import json
API_KEY = 'OPEN_WEATHER_MAP_API_KEY' 
API_URL = ('https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/onecall?lat={}&lon={}&exclude=minutely,alerts&appid={}')


def weather_query(lat, lon):    
    try:        
        print(API_URL.format(lat, lon, API_KEY))        
        data = requests.get(API_URL.format(lat, lon, API_KEY)).json()    
    except Exception as exc:        
        print(exc)        
        data = None    
    return data


def weather_rating(data):
    # Takes in raw data from weather query
    # Returns list (size 48) for hourly weather ratings
    # Data points for 48 hours from current time
    f = open('static/weather_codes.json')

    output_ratings = []
    weather_ratings = json.load(f)

    if(data['hourly'] == None):
        return output_ratings

    for hour in data['hourly']:
        #current_hour = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(hour['dt'])).strftime('%H')
        rating = weather_ratings['weather'][str(hour['weather'][0]['id'])]
        output_ratings.append(int(rating))

    return output_ratings

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  C) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from datetime import datetime
import os
import pytz
import requests
import math
import json
API_KEY = 'OPEN_WEATHER_MAP_API_KEY' 
API_URL = ('https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/onecall?lat={}&lon={}&exclude=minutely,alerts&appid={}')


def weather_query(lat, lon):    
    try:        
        print(API_URL.format(lat, lon, API_KEY))        
        data = requests.get(API_URL.format(lat, lon, API_KEY)).json()    
    except Exception as exc:        
        print(exc)        
        data = None    
    return data


def weather_rating(data):
    # Takes in raw data from weather query
    # Returns list (size 48) for hourly weather ratings
    # Data points for 48 hours from current time
    f = open('static/weather_codes.json')

    output_ratings = []
    weather_ratings = json.load(f)

    if(data['hourly'] == None):
        return output_ratings

    for hour in data['hourly']:
        #current_hour = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(hour['dt'])).strftime('%H')
        rating = weather_ratings['weather'][str(hour['weather'][0]['id'])]
        output_ratings.append(int(rating))

    return output_ratings

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) weather_query
  B) weather_rating
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import base64
import os
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC



def getKey (salt, password):
    print(password)
    print(salt)
    kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
        algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
        length=32,
        salt=bytes(salt.encode()),
        iterations=100000
    )
    key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(bytes(password.encode())))
    f = Fernet(key)
    return f

def encryptMessage(key, message):
    token = key.encrypt(bytes(message.encode()))
    return(token)

def decrypt(key, token):
    try:
        str = key.decrypt(token)
    except:
        print("Invalid Token")
        str = ""
        
    return(str)
    

#message = b"hello world"
#message = "hello world"
#password = b"password"
#salt = os.urandom(16)
#salt = b"hello"
#kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
#    algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
#    length=32,
#    salt=salt,
#    iterations=100000
#    )
#key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(password))
#f = Fernet(key)
#token = f.encrypt(bytes(message.encode()))
#token = f.encrypt(message)
#print(token)
#b'...'
#print(f.decrypt(token))
#b'Secret Message!'

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  D) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  F) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import base64
import os
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC



def getKey (salt, password):
    print(password)
    print(salt)
    kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
        algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
        length=32,
        salt=bytes(salt.encode()),
        iterations=100000
    )
    key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(bytes(password.encode())))
    f = Fernet(key)
    return f

def encryptMessage(key, message):
    token = key.encrypt(bytes(message.encode()))
    return(token)

def decrypt(key, token):
    try:
        str = key.decrypt(token)
    except:
        print("Invalid Token")
        str = ""
        
    return(str)
    

#message = b"hello world"
#message = "hello world"
#password = b"password"
#salt = os.urandom(16)
#salt = b"hello"
#kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
#    algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
#    length=32,
#    salt=salt,
#    iterations=100000
#    )
#key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(password))
#f = Fernet(key)
#token = f.encrypt(bytes(message.encode()))
#token = f.encrypt(message)
#print(token)
#b'...'
#print(f.decrypt(token))
#b'Secret Message!'

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) encryptMessage
  B) getKey
  C) decrypt
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import base64
import os
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC



def getKey (salt, password):
    print(password)
    print(salt)
    kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
        algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
        length=32,
        salt=bytes(salt.encode()),
        iterations=100000
    )
    key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(bytes(password.encode())))
    f = Fernet(key)
    return f

def encryptMessage(key, message):
    token = key.encrypt(bytes(message.encode()))
    return(token)

def decrypt(key, token):
    try:
        str = key.decrypt(token)
    except:
        print("Invalid Token")
        str = ""
        
    return(str)
    

#message = b"hello world"
#message = "hello world"
#password = b"password"
#salt = os.urandom(16)
#salt = b"hello"
#kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
#    algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
#    length=32,
#    salt=salt,
#    iterations=100000
#    )
#key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(password))
#f = Fernet(key)
#token = f.encrypt(bytes(message.encode()))
#token = f.encrypt(message)
#print(token)
#b'...'
#print(f.decrypt(token))
#b'Secret Message!'

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: getKey
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Python script to download US nonprofit data from the Foundation Stats API:
#		- http://data.foundationcenter.org/about.html#api

# Diarmuid McDonnell
# Created: 09 March 2018
# Last edited: captured in Github file history

import itertools
import json
import csv
import re
import requests, zipfile, io
import os
import os.path
import errno
import urllib
from time import sleep
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from downloaddate_function import downloaddate


# Define the path where my API key is
tokenpath = "C:/Users/mcdonndz-local/Desktop/admin/fsapitoken.txt" # "C:/Users/mcdonndz-local/Desktop/admin/chapitoken.txt"


# Open fsapitoken.txt in read mode, print to the screen and create an object that stores the API access request
tokenfile = open(tokenpath, "r")
fsapitoken = tokenfile.read()
print(fsapitoken)


# Run the downloaddate function to get the date 'benefacts_master.py' was executed.
ddate = downloaddate()

# Define project and data paths #
projpath = 'C:/Users/mcdonndz-local/Desktop/github/us_nonprofit_data/'
datapath = 'C:/Users/mcdonndz-local/Desktop/data/us_nonprofit_data/data_raw/'

print(projpath)
print(datapath)


# Create a folder for the download to be saved in #
try:
	os.mkdir(datapath+ddate)
except:
	print('Folder already exists')


# Define urls where data can be downloaded #

url = "https://api.foundationcenter.org/v2.0/aggregates/funding"
opts = {"year": 2015, "subject": "SA"}

req = request.Request(url, data=json.dumps(opts).encode('utf8'),
                      headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"})
req.add_header("x-fc-api-key", fsapitoken)

response = request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf8')
response_dict = json.loads(response)
print(response_dict["data"]["results"][0]["number_of_grants"])
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import random
import string



def create_password(password_length= 12,contains_non_ascii = False):
    password = ""
    for i in range(password_length):
        if contains_non_ascii:
            password_char = random.choice(string.printable)
        else:
            password_char = random.choice(string.ascii_letters)
        password=password + password_char


    return password

for i in range(100):
    password = create_password()

    #password = create_password(12, contains_non_ascii=True)
    #password = create_password(5, True)
    print(i, password)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  B) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  C) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

try:
    from os import getuid

except ImportError:
    def getuid():
        return 4000

from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from pprint import pformat

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/")
@app.route("/index.html")
def index():
    return render_template(
		"index.html",
		username=request.args.get('name', 'Anonymous')
		
	)
	
@app.route("/test/<int:first>")
@app.route("/test/<int:first>/<int:second>")
def divides(first, second=3):
	second = int(request.args.get('second', 0))
	return "Yes" if number % second == 0 else "Now"

@app.route("/test/<anyhing>")
def anything_str(anything):	
	return anything
@app.route("/hello/")
@app.route("/hello/<username>")
def hello(username='Anonymus'):
	return "HELLO, {}".format(username)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(port=getuid() + 1000, debug = True)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  B) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  C) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: A,D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Regex utils for AwesomeVersion."""
import re
from typing import Any, Match, Optional, Pattern

# General purpose patterns
RE_DIGIT = re.compile(r"[a-z]*(\d+)[a-z]*")
RE_VERSION = re.compile(r"^(v|V)?(.*)$")
RE_MODIFIER = re.compile(r"^((?:\d+\-|\d|))(([a-z]+)\.?(\d*))$")


# Version patterns
RE_CALVER = re.compile(r"^(\d{2}|\d{4})\.\d{0,2}?\.?(\d{0,2}?\.?)?(\d*(\w+\d+)?)$")
RE_SEMVER = re.compile(
    r"^(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:-((?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)"
    r"(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*))?(?:\+([0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?$"
)
RE_PEP440 = re.compile(
    r"^([1-9][0-9]*!)?(0|[1-9][0-9]*)(\.(0|[1-9][0-9]*))*((a|b|rc)"
    r"(0|[1-9][0-9]*))?(\.post(0|[1-9][0-9]*))?(\.dev(0|[1-9][0-9]*))?(\.rc(0|[1-9][0-9]*))?$"
)
RE_BUILDVER = re.compile(r"^\d+$")

RE_SPECIAL_CONTAINER = re.compile(r"^(latest|dev|stable|beta)$")
RE_SIMPLE = re.compile(r"^[v|V]?((\d+)?\.?)*$")


def get_regex_match_group(
    pattern: Pattern[str], string: Optional[str], group: int = 0
) -> Optional[str]:
    """Return the requested group in the regex."""
    match = get_regex_match(pattern, string or "")
    return get_group_from_regex_match(match, group) if match else None


def get_regex_match(pattern: Pattern[str], string: Any) -> Optional[Match[str]]:
    """Return the requested group in the regex."""
    return pattern.match(str(string))


def is_regex_matching(pattern: Pattern[str], string: str) -> bool:
    """Return whether the regex matches the string."""
    return get_regex_match(pattern, string) is not None


def get_group_from_regex_match(match: Match[str], group: int = 0) -> Optional[str]:
    """Return the requested group in the regex."""
    try:
        return match.group(group)
    except IndexError:
        return None

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  B) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  E) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template,redirect,url_for,flash,request
from . import auth
from flask_login import login_user,logout_user,login_required, current_user
from ..models import User
from .forms import LoginForm,RegistrationForm
from .. import db
from app import login_manager


@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
    '''
    @login_manager.user_loader Passes in a user_id to this function
    Function queries the database and gets a user's id as a response
    '''
    return User.query.get(user_id)


# registration route
@auth.route('/reqister',methods=['GET','POST'])
def register():
    '''
    function that registaers the users
    '''
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('main.index'))
    form =RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user =User(email=form.email.data,username=form.username.data,password=form.password.data)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()

        return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    title="Registration"
    return render_template('auth/register.html',registration_form=form,title=title)


# Login function
@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    '''
    Function that checks if the form is validated
    '''
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('main.index'))
    login_form=LoginForm()
    if login_form.validate_on_submit():
        user=User.query.filter_by(email=login_form.email.data).first()
        if user is not None and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data):
            login_user(user,login_form.remember.data)
            return redirect(request.args.get('next')or url_for('main.index'))

        flash('invalid username or password')

    title ="One Minute Pitch|Login"
    return render_template('auth/login.html',login_form=login_form,title=title)


#logout function
@auth.route('/logout') #authenticated route logout that calls the flask_login's logout_userfunction
@login_required 
def logout(): 
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('main.index'))# redirects user to the main page of the app after successful logout

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) register
  B) login
  C) logout
  D) load_user
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template,redirect,url_for,flash,request
from . import auth
from flask_login import login_user,logout_user,login_required, current_user
from ..models import User
from .forms import LoginForm,RegistrationForm
from .. import db
from app import login_manager


@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
    '''
    @login_manager.user_loader Passes in a user_id to this function
    Function queries the database and gets a user's id as a response
    '''
    return User.query.get(user_id)


# registration route
@auth.route('/reqister',methods=['GET','POST'])
def register():
    '''
    function that registaers the users
    '''
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('main.index'))
    form =RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user =User(email=form.email.data,username=form.username.data,password=form.password.data)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()

        return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    title="Registration"
    return render_template('auth/register.html',registration_form=form,title=title)


# Login function
@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    '''
    Function that checks if the form is validated
    '''
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('main.index'))
    login_form=LoginForm()
    if login_form.validate_on_submit():
        user=User.query.filter_by(email=login_form.email.data).first()
        if user is not None and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data):
            login_user(user,login_form.remember.data)
            return redirect(request.args.get('next')or url_for('main.index'))

        flash('invalid username or password')

    title ="One Minute Pitch|Login"
    return render_template('auth/login.html',login_form=login_form,title=title)


#logout function
@auth.route('/logout') #authenticated route logout that calls the flask_login's logout_userfunction
@login_required 
def logout(): 
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('main.index'))# redirects user to the main page of the app after successful logout

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask, os, sys,time
from flask import request,render_template,send_file,Flask
import subprocess
from shutil import copyfile
import textrank
import FSM

app = Flask(__name__, static_folder='pdf')

def html_and_txt(file_name):
    path = os.getcwd().replace('\\','/') + '/pdf'
    cmd_docker = 'docker run -idt --rm -v {}:/pdf bwits/pdf2htmlex pdf2htmlEX --zoom 1.3 {}.pdf'.format(path,file_name)
    subprocess.call(cmd_docker)
    subprocess.call(cmd_docker)
    subprocess.call('python pdf2txt.py -o ./pdf/{}.txt ./pdf/{}.pdf '.format(file_name,file_name))

interface_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
sys.path.insert(0, interface_path)  #将当前文件的父目录加入临时系统变量


@app.route('/', methods=['get'])
def index():
    return '<form action="/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="file" id="img" name="img"><button type="submit">上传</button></form>'

@app.route('/upload', methods=['post'])
def upload():
    fname = request.files['img']  #获取上传的文件

    if fname:
        # t = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
        new_fname = r'pdf/' + fname.filename
        fname.save(new_fname)  #保存文件到指定路径
        # 生成html和txt
        html_and_txt(fname.filename[:-4])
        # 得到关键字
        words_list = textrank.words(fname.filename[:-4])
        # 生成高亮html
        FSM.light(words_list,fname.filename[:-4])
        return send_file('./pdf/{}.html'.format(fname.filename[:-4]))
    else:
        return '{"msg": "请上传文件！"}'
# print('----------路由和视图函数的对应关系----------')
# print(server.url_map) #打印路由和视图函数的对应关系
if __name__ == '__main__':

    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=9500, debug=True)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  B) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  C) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: A,D,F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask, os, sys,time
from flask import request,render_template,send_file,Flask
import subprocess
from shutil import copyfile
import textrank
import FSM

app = Flask(__name__, static_folder='pdf')

def html_and_txt(file_name):
    path = os.getcwd().replace('\\','/') + '/pdf'
    cmd_docker = 'docker run -idt --rm -v {}:/pdf bwits/pdf2htmlex pdf2htmlEX --zoom 1.3 {}.pdf'.format(path,file_name)
    subprocess.call(cmd_docker)
    subprocess.call(cmd_docker)
    subprocess.call('python pdf2txt.py -o ./pdf/{}.txt ./pdf/{}.pdf '.format(file_name,file_name))

interface_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
sys.path.insert(0, interface_path)  #将当前文件的父目录加入临时系统变量


@app.route('/', methods=['get'])
def index():
    return '<form action="/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="file" id="img" name="img"><button type="submit">上传</button></form>'

@app.route('/upload', methods=['post'])
def upload():
    fname = request.files['img']  #获取上传的文件

    if fname:
        # t = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
        new_fname = r'pdf/' + fname.filename
        fname.save(new_fname)  #保存文件到指定路径
        # 生成html和txt
        html_and_txt(fname.filename[:-4])
        # 得到关键字
        words_list = textrank.words(fname.filename[:-4])
        # 生成高亮html
        FSM.light(words_list,fname.filename[:-4])
        return send_file('./pdf/{}.html'.format(fname.filename[:-4]))
    else:
        return '{"msg": "请上传文件！"}'
# print('----------路由和视图函数的对应关系----------')
# print(server.url_map) #打印路由和视图函数的对应关系
if __name__ == '__main__':

    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=9500, debug=True)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) index
  B) html_and_txt
  C) upload
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask, os, sys,time
from flask import request,render_template,send_file,Flask
import subprocess
from shutil import copyfile
import textrank
import FSM

app = Flask(__name__, static_folder='pdf')

def html_and_txt(file_name):
    path = os.getcwd().replace('\\','/') + '/pdf'
    cmd_docker = 'docker run -idt --rm -v {}:/pdf bwits/pdf2htmlex pdf2htmlEX --zoom 1.3 {}.pdf'.format(path,file_name)
    subprocess.call(cmd_docker)
    subprocess.call(cmd_docker)
    subprocess.call('python pdf2txt.py -o ./pdf/{}.txt ./pdf/{}.pdf '.format(file_name,file_name))

interface_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
sys.path.insert(0, interface_path)  #将当前文件的父目录加入临时系统变量


@app.route('/', methods=['get'])
def index():
    return '<form action="/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="file" id="img" name="img"><button type="submit">上传</button></form>'

@app.route('/upload', methods=['post'])
def upload():
    fname = request.files['img']  #获取上传的文件

    if fname:
        # t = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
        new_fname = r'pdf/' + fname.filename
        fname.save(new_fname)  #保存文件到指定路径
        # 生成html和txt
        html_and_txt(fname.filename[:-4])
        # 得到关键字
        words_list = textrank.words(fname.filename[:-4])
        # 生成高亮html
        FSM.light(words_list,fname.filename[:-4])
        return send_file('./pdf/{}.html'.format(fname.filename[:-4]))
    else:
        return '{"msg": "请上传文件！"}'
# print('----------路由和视图函数的对应关系----------')
# print(server.url_map) #打印路由和视图函数的对应关系
if __name__ == '__main__':

    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=9500, debug=True)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: upload
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask, os, sys,time
from flask import request,render_template,send_file,Flask
import subprocess
from shutil import copyfile
import textrank
import FSM

app = Flask(__name__, static_folder='pdf')

def html_and_txt(file_name):
    path = os.getcwd().replace('\\','/') + '/pdf'
    cmd_docker = 'docker run -idt --rm -v {}:/pdf bwits/pdf2htmlex pdf2htmlEX --zoom 1.3 {}.pdf'.format(path,file_name)
    subprocess.call(cmd_docker)
    subprocess.call(cmd_docker)
    subprocess.call('python pdf2txt.py -o ./pdf/{}.txt ./pdf/{}.pdf '.format(file_name,file_name))

interface_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
sys.path.insert(0, interface_path)  #将当前文件的父目录加入临时系统变量


@app.route('/', methods=['get'])
def index():
    return '<form action="/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="file" id="img" name="img"><button type="submit">上传</button></form>'

@app.route('/upload', methods=['post'])
def upload():
    fname = request.files['img']  #获取上传的文件

    if fname:
        # t = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
        new_fname = r'pdf/' + fname.filename
        fname.save(new_fname)  #保存文件到指定路径
        # 生成html和txt
        html_and_txt(fname.filename[:-4])
        # 得到关键字
        words_list = textrank.words(fname.filename[:-4])
        # 生成高亮html
        FSM.light(words_list,fname.filename[:-4])
        return send_file('./pdf/{}.html'.format(fname.filename[:-4]))
    else:
        return '{"msg": "请上传文件！"}'
# print('----------路由和视图函数的对应关系----------')
# print(server.url_map) #打印路由和视图函数的对应关系
if __name__ == '__main__':

    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=9500, debug=True)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')` vulnerability?

  A) index
  B) upload
  C) html_and_txt
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask_restful import Resource, Api
from flask import request
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler
import atexit
import time
import json
import os
from app import app as application


class API(Resource):
    def get(self, room_id):
        """
        Receiver gets offer, Sender gets answer.
        """
        with open(f'r/{room_id}.json', 'r') as f:
            return f.read()

    def put(self, room_id):
        """
        Sender puts offer, Receiver puts answer.
        """
        with open(f'r/{room_id}.json', 'w') as f:
            f.write(json.dumps(request.json))


def delete_job(room_lifetime):
    """
    A background job (runs every hour) that deletes expired rooms
    :param room_lifetime: room expiry (in seconds)
    """
    for room in os.listdir('r'):
        if time.time() - os.path.getmtime(f'r{os.path.sep}{room}') > room_lifetime:
            os.remove(f'r{os.path.sep}{room}')


def init_rooms():
    """
    Creates a directory for rooms if it does not exist.
    """
    if not os.path.exists('r'):
        os.mkdir('r')


def init_scheduler():
    """
    Creates and runs a scheduler that executes background jobs.
    """
    scheduler = BackgroundScheduler()
    scheduler.add_job(func=delete_job, args=(60 * 60,), trigger="interval", hours=1)
    scheduler.start()
    atexit.register(lambda: scheduler.shutdown())


def init_api():
    """
    Creates the API and add a route for it.
    """
    api = Api(application)
    api.add_resource(API, '/api/<room_id>')


if __name__ == 'server' or __name__ == '__main__':
    init_rooms()
    init_scheduler()
    init_api()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.run()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  B) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  E) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from google.auth import jwt
from google.auth import _helpers
from google.auth.transport import requests
from google.oauth2 import id_token
import facebook

# overriding _verify_iat_and_exp to account for server system clock
# being behind by approximately 25 minutes
def _verify_iat_and_exp_edited(payload):
    """Verifies the ``iat`` (Issued At) and ``exp`` (Expires) claims in a token
    payload.

    Args:
        payload (Mapping[str, str]): The JWT payload.

    Raises:
        ValueError: if any checks failed.
    """
    now = _helpers.datetime_to_secs(_helpers.utcnow())

    # Make sure the iat and exp claims are present.
    for key in ("iat", "exp"):
        if key not in payload:
            raise ValueError("Token does not contain required claim {}".format(key))

    # Make sure the token wasn't issued in the future.
    iat = payload["iat"]
    # Err on the side of accepting a token that is slightly early to account
    # for clock skew.
    earliest = iat - _helpers.CLOCK_SKEW_SECS  - 1800
    if now < earliest:
        raise ValueError("Token used too early - even on ucd server!, {} < {}".format(now, iat))

jwt._verify_iat_and_exp = _verify_iat_and_exp_edited


class Provider:
    """Class to fetch the user info from Google or Facebook and return it"""

    @staticmethod
    def validate_google(auth_token):
        """
        validate method Queries the Google oAUTH2 api to fetch the user info
        """
        try:
            idinfo = id_token.verify_oauth2_token(
                auth_token, requests.Request())

            # checking if ISSuer of this auth_token is a Google server
            if 'accounts.google.com' in idinfo['iss']:
                return idinfo

        except ValueError as invalid_token:
            return invalid_token
        return None

    @staticmethod
    def validate_facebook(auth_token):
        """
        validate method Queries the facebook GraphAPI to fetch the user info
        """
        try:
            graph = facebook.GraphAPI(access_token=auth_token)
            profile = graph.request('/me?fields=name,email')
            return profile
        except facebook.GraphAPIError as invalid_token:
            return invalid_token

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) validate_google
  B) _verify_iat_and_exp_edited
  C) Provider
  D) validate_facebook
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from google.auth import jwt
from google.auth import _helpers
from google.auth.transport import requests
from google.oauth2 import id_token
import facebook

# overriding _verify_iat_and_exp to account for server system clock
# being behind by approximately 25 minutes
def _verify_iat_and_exp_edited(payload):
    """Verifies the ``iat`` (Issued At) and ``exp`` (Expires) claims in a token
    payload.

    Args:
        payload (Mapping[str, str]): The JWT payload.

    Raises:
        ValueError: if any checks failed.
    """
    now = _helpers.datetime_to_secs(_helpers.utcnow())

    # Make sure the iat and exp claims are present.
    for key in ("iat", "exp"):
        if key not in payload:
            raise ValueError("Token does not contain required claim {}".format(key))

    # Make sure the token wasn't issued in the future.
    iat = payload["iat"]
    # Err on the side of accepting a token that is slightly early to account
    # for clock skew.
    earliest = iat - _helpers.CLOCK_SKEW_SECS  - 1800
    if now < earliest:
        raise ValueError("Token used too early - even on ucd server!, {} < {}".format(now, iat))

jwt._verify_iat_and_exp = _verify_iat_and_exp_edited


class Provider:
    """Class to fetch the user info from Google or Facebook and return it"""

    @staticmethod
    def validate_google(auth_token):
        """
        validate method Queries the Google oAUTH2 api to fetch the user info
        """
        try:
            idinfo = id_token.verify_oauth2_token(
                auth_token, requests.Request())

            # checking if ISSuer of this auth_token is a Google server
            if 'accounts.google.com' in idinfo['iss']:
                return idinfo

        except ValueError as invalid_token:
            return invalid_token
        return None

    @staticmethod
    def validate_facebook(auth_token):
        """
        validate method Queries the facebook GraphAPI to fetch the user info
        """
        try:
            graph = facebook.GraphAPI(access_token=auth_token)
            profile = graph.request('/me?fields=name,email')
            return profile
        except facebook.GraphAPIError as invalid_token:
            return invalid_token

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: validate_google