OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

# data.py - script used to produce database results over HTTP for simple sqlite3 database

import cgi
import sqlite3

conn = sqlite3.connect('/etc/httpd/db/clients.db')
curs = conn.cursor()

print("Content-type:text/plain\n\n")

form = cgi.FieldStorage()
querystring = form.getvalue("querystring")
if querystring != None:
    queryval = "%" + querystring + "%"
    select = "SELECT * FROM clients WHERE name LIKE '" + queryval + "'"
else:
    select = "SELECT * FROM clients"

for row in curs.execute(select):
    if len(row) == 4:
        for item in row:
            print(item,'|')
        print("#")

conn.close()
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  F) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
from os.path import dirname, join, exists, abspath

import pandas as pd
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader

__all__ = ['template_loader']


class TemplateLoader:
    def __init__(self):
        template_dirs = {
            join(dirname(__file__), 'templates'),
            join(dirname(pd.__file__), 'io', 'formats', 'templates'),
        }
        loader = FileSystemLoader(template_dirs)
        self.env = Environment(loader=loader, trim_blocks=True)

    def get_template(self, template_name):
        return self.env.get_template(template_name)
      
    def add_template_dir(self, template_dir):
        self.env.loader.searchpath.append(abspath(template_dir))
        
    def get_template_dirs(self):
        return list(self.env.loader.searchpath)

template_loader = TemplateLoader()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  B) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  C) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  F) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.web
import tornado.gen
import tornado.httpclient
import requests
from config import config


class InfoController(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def set_default_headers(self):
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with")
        self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'POST, GET, OPTIONS')

    def initialize(self):
        settings = {
            "url": config['query_engine_url'],
            "index": config['index_name'],
            "type": config['type_name']
        }

        self.url = "%s/%s/%s" % (settings['url'], settings['index'], settings['type'])

    @tornado.gen.coroutine
    def get(self, id):
        response = requests.get(self.url + "/" + id)
        self.write(response.content)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  B) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  E) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  F) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
Answer: D,E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.web
import tornado.gen
import tornado.httpclient
import requests
from config import config


class InfoController(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def set_default_headers(self):
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with")
        self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'POST, GET, OPTIONS')

    def initialize(self):
        settings = {
            "url": config['query_engine_url'],
            "index": config['index_name'],
            "type": config['type_name']
        }

        self.url = "%s/%s/%s" % (settings['url'], settings['index'], settings['type'])

    @tornado.gen.coroutine
    def get(self, id):
        response = requests.get(self.url + "/" + id)
        self.write(response.content)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) InfoController
  B) get
  C) set_default_headers
  D) initialize
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.web
import tornado.gen
import tornado.httpclient
import requests
from config import config


class InfoController(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def set_default_headers(self):
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with")
        self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'POST, GET, OPTIONS')

    def initialize(self):
        settings = {
            "url": config['query_engine_url'],
            "index": config['index_name'],
            "type": config['type_name']
        }

        self.url = "%s/%s/%s" % (settings['url'], settings['index'], settings['type'])

    @tornado.gen.coroutine
    def get(self, id):
        response = requests.get(self.url + "/" + id)
        self.write(response.content)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: get
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.web
import tornado.gen
import tornado.httpclient
import requests
from config import config


class InfoController(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def set_default_headers(self):
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with")
        self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'POST, GET, OPTIONS')

    def initialize(self):
        settings = {
            "url": config['query_engine_url'],
            "index": config['index_name'],
            "type": config['type_name']
        }

        self.url = "%s/%s/%s" % (settings['url'], settings['index'], settings['type'])

    @tornado.gen.coroutine
    def get(self, id):
        response = requests.get(self.url + "/" + id)
        self.write(response.content)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability?

  A) initialize
  B) get
  C) InfoController
  D) set_default_headers
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.web
import tornado.gen
import tornado.httpclient
import requests
from config import config


class InfoController(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def set_default_headers(self):
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with")
        self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'POST, GET, OPTIONS')

    def initialize(self):
        settings = {
            "url": config['query_engine_url'],
            "index": config['index_name'],
            "type": config['type_name']
        }

        self.url = "%s/%s/%s" % (settings['url'], settings['index'], settings['type'])

    @tornado.gen.coroutine
    def get(self, id):
        response = requests.get(self.url + "/" + id)
        self.write(response.content)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: get
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from models.key_pair import KeyPair
from tp_link_cipher import TpLinkCipher
import base64, hashlib, helpers, logging

logger = logging.getLogger('root')

class Encryption:
    def generate_key_pair(self) -> KeyPair:
        logger.debug(f"Generating key...")
        key = RSA.generate(1024)
        private_key = key.export_key(pkcs=8, format="DER")
        public_key = key.publickey().export_key(pkcs=8, format="DER")

        logger.debug("MIME encoding private and public key...")
        private_key = helpers.mime_encoder(private_key)
        public_key = helpers.mime_encoder(public_key)

        return KeyPair(
            private_key=private_key,
            public_key=public_key
        )

    @staticmethod
    def decode_handshake_key(key: str, key_pair: KeyPair) -> TpLinkCipher:
        logger.debug(f"Will decode handshake key (...{key[5:]}) using current key pair")
        logger.debug(f"||::||{key})")
        logger.debug(f"||::||{key_pair.get_private_key()}")
        decode: bytes = base64.b64decode(key.encode("UTF-8"))
        decode2: bytes = base64.b64decode(key_pair.get_private_key())
        logger.debug(f"||::||{decode})")
        logger.debug(f"||::||{decode2}")

        cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.import_key(decode2))
        do_final = cipher.decrypt(decode, None)
        if do_final is None:
            raise ValueError("Decryption failed!")
        logger.debug("do_final")
        logger.debug(do_final)
        b_arr:bytearray = bytearray()
        b_arr2:bytearray = bytearray()

        for i in range(0, 16):
            b_arr.insert(i, do_final[i])
        for i in range(0, 16):
            b_arr2.insert(i, do_final[i + 16])

        return TpLinkCipher(b_arr, b_arr2)

    @staticmethod
    def sha_digest_username(data: str):
        b_arr = data.encode("UTF-8")
        digest = hashlib.sha1(b_arr).digest()

        sb = ""
        for i in range(0, len(digest)):
            b = digest[i]
            hex_string = hex(b & 255).replace("0x", "")
            if len(hex_string) == 1:
                sb += "0"
                sb += hex_string
            else:
                sb += hex_string
        print(sb)
        return sb

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength` vulnerability?

  A) Encryption
  B) sha_digest_username
  C) generate_key_pair
  D) decode_handshake_key
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from models.key_pair import KeyPair
from tp_link_cipher import TpLinkCipher
import base64, hashlib, helpers, logging

logger = logging.getLogger('root')

class Encryption:
    def generate_key_pair(self) -> KeyPair:
        logger.debug(f"Generating key...")
        key = RSA.generate(1024)
        private_key = key.export_key(pkcs=8, format="DER")
        public_key = key.publickey().export_key(pkcs=8, format="DER")

        logger.debug("MIME encoding private and public key...")
        private_key = helpers.mime_encoder(private_key)
        public_key = helpers.mime_encoder(public_key)

        return KeyPair(
            private_key=private_key,
            public_key=public_key
        )

    @staticmethod
    def decode_handshake_key(key: str, key_pair: KeyPair) -> TpLinkCipher:
        logger.debug(f"Will decode handshake key (...{key[5:]}) using current key pair")
        logger.debug(f"||::||{key})")
        logger.debug(f"||::||{key_pair.get_private_key()}")
        decode: bytes = base64.b64decode(key.encode("UTF-8"))
        decode2: bytes = base64.b64decode(key_pair.get_private_key())
        logger.debug(f"||::||{decode})")
        logger.debug(f"||::||{decode2}")

        cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.import_key(decode2))
        do_final = cipher.decrypt(decode, None)
        if do_final is None:
            raise ValueError("Decryption failed!")
        logger.debug("do_final")
        logger.debug(do_final)
        b_arr:bytearray = bytearray()
        b_arr2:bytearray = bytearray()

        for i in range(0, 16):
            b_arr.insert(i, do_final[i])
        for i in range(0, 16):
            b_arr2.insert(i, do_final[i + 16])

        return TpLinkCipher(b_arr, b_arr2)

    @staticmethod
    def sha_digest_username(data: str):
        b_arr = data.encode("UTF-8")
        digest = hashlib.sha1(b_arr).digest()

        sb = ""
        for i in range(0, len(digest)):
            b = digest[i]
            hex_string = hex(b & 255).replace("0x", "")
            if len(hex_string) == 1:
                sb += "0"
                sb += hex_string
            else:
                sb += hex_string
        print(sb)
        return sb

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength` vulnerability.
Answer: generate_key_pair
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from datetime import datetime
from urllib.parse import unquote
import traceback
import sys
# Django
from django.db.models import Q
from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
from django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions import Distance
# REST Framework
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework.views import APIView
# LOCAL Pies
from .models import Event, EventType
from .serializers import EventSerializer, EventTypeSerializer
 

class GetEventType(APIView):

    def get(self, request, name=''):

        try:
            events = Event.objects.filter(eventType__name__icontains=name)
            serializer = EventSerializer(events, many=True)

            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        except: 
            exc_info = sys.exc_info()
            return Response(traceback.format_exception(*exc_info), status=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
        

class GetEvent(APIView):

    optional_params = ['name','date','eventType']

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        try: 
            #Filter params in case the user entered extra ones
            op = dict((key,value) for key, value in request.GET.items() if key in optional_params)

            lat = kwargs['lat']
            lon = kwargs['lon']
            rad = int(kwargs['rad'])
            count = int(kwargs['count'])

            #Compile Q Model 
            and_condition = Q()
            for key, value in op.items():
                if 'name' == key:
                    and_condition.add(Q(**{key+'__icontains': value}), Q.AND)
                else:
                    and_condition.add(Q(**{key: value}), Q.AND)

            #Create the GEOS point based on lat and lon
            point = GEOSGeometry('POINT({lat} {lon})'.format(lat=lat, lon=lon), srid=4326)

            #Query the database using the GEOS point/ Radius / 
            qs = Event.objects.filter(location__distance_lte=(point, rad))
            qs = qs.filter(and_condition)[:count]
            serializer = EventSerializer(qs, many=True)

            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
        except:
            exc_info = sys.exc_info()
            return Response(traceback.format_exception(*exc_info), status=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) GetEvent
  B) GetEventType
  C) get
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
import rsa
import hashlib
import binascii
import base64
import os

def newSalt(size=16):
    '''Generate a new salt.'''
    salt = os.urandom(size)
    return salt

def hashText(text, algorithm="sha512", salt=b""):
    '''Hash some text. It is highly recommended that a salt be used.'''
    thehash = hashlib.new(algorithm, salt + text)
    thehash = thehash.digest()
    return thehash

def newKey():
    '''Generate a new symmetric key.'''
    key = Fernet.generate_key()
    return key

def passwordToKey(password):
    '''Convert a password into a useable encryption/decryption key.'''
    key = hashlib.sha256(password).digest()
    key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(key)
    return key

def symmetricEncrypt(plaintext, key):
    '''Encrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.
    '''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(plaintext)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(ciphertext)
    return ciphertext

def symmetricDecrypt(ciphertext, key):
    '''Decrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.'''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(ciphertext)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
    return plaintext

def newKeyPair(keysize=512):
    '''Generate a new public/private key pair.'''
    pub, priv = rsa.newkeys(keysize)
    return pub, priv

def encrypt(plaintext, pubKey):
    '''Encrypt text with a public key.'''
    ciphertext = rsa.encrypt(plaintext, pubKey)
    return ciphertext

def decrypt(ciphertext, privKey):
    '''Decrypt text with a private key.'''
    plaintext = rsa.decrypt(ciphertext, privKey)
    return plaintext

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  B) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: A,F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
import rsa
import hashlib
import binascii
import base64
import os

def newSalt(size=16):
    '''Generate a new salt.'''
    salt = os.urandom(size)
    return salt

def hashText(text, algorithm="sha512", salt=b""):
    '''Hash some text. It is highly recommended that a salt be used.'''
    thehash = hashlib.new(algorithm, salt + text)
    thehash = thehash.digest()
    return thehash

def newKey():
    '''Generate a new symmetric key.'''
    key = Fernet.generate_key()
    return key

def passwordToKey(password):
    '''Convert a password into a useable encryption/decryption key.'''
    key = hashlib.sha256(password).digest()
    key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(key)
    return key

def symmetricEncrypt(plaintext, key):
    '''Encrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.
    '''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(plaintext)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(ciphertext)
    return ciphertext

def symmetricDecrypt(ciphertext, key):
    '''Decrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.'''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(ciphertext)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
    return plaintext

def newKeyPair(keysize=512):
    '''Generate a new public/private key pair.'''
    pub, priv = rsa.newkeys(keysize)
    return pub, priv

def encrypt(plaintext, pubKey):
    '''Encrypt text with a public key.'''
    ciphertext = rsa.encrypt(plaintext, pubKey)
    return ciphertext

def decrypt(ciphertext, privKey):
    '''Decrypt text with a private key.'''
    plaintext = rsa.decrypt(ciphertext, privKey)
    return plaintext

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength` vulnerability?

  A) decrypt
  B) newKey
  C) newKeyPair
  D) symmetricDecrypt
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
import rsa
import hashlib
import binascii
import base64
import os

def newSalt(size=16):
    '''Generate a new salt.'''
    salt = os.urandom(size)
    return salt

def hashText(text, algorithm="sha512", salt=b""):
    '''Hash some text. It is highly recommended that a salt be used.'''
    thehash = hashlib.new(algorithm, salt + text)
    thehash = thehash.digest()
    return thehash

def newKey():
    '''Generate a new symmetric key.'''
    key = Fernet.generate_key()
    return key

def passwordToKey(password):
    '''Convert a password into a useable encryption/decryption key.'''
    key = hashlib.sha256(password).digest()
    key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(key)
    return key

def symmetricEncrypt(plaintext, key):
    '''Encrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.
    '''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(plaintext)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(ciphertext)
    return ciphertext

def symmetricDecrypt(ciphertext, key):
    '''Decrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.'''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(ciphertext)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
    return plaintext

def newKeyPair(keysize=512):
    '''Generate a new public/private key pair.'''
    pub, priv = rsa.newkeys(keysize)
    return pub, priv

def encrypt(plaintext, pubKey):
    '''Encrypt text with a public key.'''
    ciphertext = rsa.encrypt(plaintext, pubKey)
    return ciphertext

def decrypt(ciphertext, privKey):
    '''Decrypt text with a private key.'''
    plaintext = rsa.decrypt(ciphertext, privKey)
    return plaintext

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength` vulnerability.
Answer: newKeyPair
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
import rsa
import hashlib
import binascii
import base64
import os

def newSalt(size=16):
    '''Generate a new salt.'''
    salt = os.urandom(size)
    return salt

def hashText(text, algorithm="sha512", salt=b""):
    '''Hash some text. It is highly recommended that a salt be used.'''
    thehash = hashlib.new(algorithm, salt + text)
    thehash = thehash.digest()
    return thehash

def newKey():
    '''Generate a new symmetric key.'''
    key = Fernet.generate_key()
    return key

def passwordToKey(password):
    '''Convert a password into a useable encryption/decryption key.'''
    key = hashlib.sha256(password).digest()
    key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(key)
    return key

def symmetricEncrypt(plaintext, key):
    '''Encrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.
    '''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(plaintext)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(ciphertext)
    return ciphertext

def symmetricDecrypt(ciphertext, key):
    '''Decrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.'''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(ciphertext)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
    return plaintext

def newKeyPair(keysize=512):
    '''Generate a new public/private key pair.'''
    pub, priv = rsa.newkeys(keysize)
    return pub, priv

def encrypt(plaintext, pubKey):
    '''Encrypt text with a public key.'''
    ciphertext = rsa.encrypt(plaintext, pubKey)
    return ciphertext

def decrypt(ciphertext, privKey):
    '''Decrypt text with a private key.'''
    plaintext = rsa.decrypt(ciphertext, privKey)
    return plaintext

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) passwordToKey
  B) newKey
  C) symmetricEncrypt
  D) decrypt
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
import rsa
import hashlib
import binascii
import base64
import os

def newSalt(size=16):
    '''Generate a new salt.'''
    salt = os.urandom(size)
    return salt

def hashText(text, algorithm="sha512", salt=b""):
    '''Hash some text. It is highly recommended that a salt be used.'''
    thehash = hashlib.new(algorithm, salt + text)
    thehash = thehash.digest()
    return thehash

def newKey():
    '''Generate a new symmetric key.'''
    key = Fernet.generate_key()
    return key

def passwordToKey(password):
    '''Convert a password into a useable encryption/decryption key.'''
    key = hashlib.sha256(password).digest()
    key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(key)
    return key

def symmetricEncrypt(plaintext, key):
    '''Encrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.
    '''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(plaintext)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(ciphertext)
    return ciphertext

def symmetricDecrypt(ciphertext, key):
    '''Decrypt text symmetrically with a key. Use passwordToKey if 
    using a password instead of a generated key.'''
    cipher = Fernet(key)
    ciphertext = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(ciphertext)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
    return plaintext

def newKeyPair(keysize=512):
    '''Generate a new public/private key pair.'''
    pub, priv = rsa.newkeys(keysize)
    return pub, priv

def encrypt(plaintext, pubKey):
    '''Encrypt text with a public key.'''
    ciphertext = rsa.encrypt(plaintext, pubKey)
    return ciphertext

def decrypt(ciphertext, privKey):
    '''Decrypt text with a private key.'''
    plaintext = rsa.decrypt(ciphertext, privKey)
    return plaintext

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: passwordToKey
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from tornado.web import RequestHandler


# 登录逻辑判断
async def check_user(name, passwd):
    result = {
        "is_success": False,
        "token": ""
    }
    if name == "1" and passwd == "1":
        result = {
            "is_success": True,
            "token": "good"
        }
    return result


# 登录，返回json
class LoginHandler(RequestHandler):
    def check_xsrf_cookie(self):
        # 在单页面禁用xsrf_cookie的检查
        return True

    def set_default_headers(self):
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")  # 这个地方可以写域名
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with")
        self.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, OPTIONS")

    async def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        next_url = self.get_query_argument("next", "/home")
        name = self.get_body_argument("name", "")
        passwd = self.get_body_argument("passwd", "")
        result = await check_user(name, passwd)
        if result["is_success"]:
            # 登录令牌要保存到redis
            self.write({
                "is_success": True,
                "token": result["token"],
                "next": next_url
            })
        else:
            self.write({
                "is_success": False,
                "token": "",
                "next": next_url
            })

    def options(self):
        # no body
        self.set_status(204)
        self.finish()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: post
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import http.client
import http.server

assert __name__ == '__main__', 'this module should only be executed, not imported'

REAL_HOST = 'snapshot.debian.org'
REAL_PATH = '/archive/debian-ports/20190706T203242Z'

URL_LIST = open('debian-urls.txt', 'w')

class Handler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        URL_LIST.write(self.path + '\n')
        URL_LIST.flush()

        conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(REAL_HOST)
        conn.request('GET', REAL_PATH + self.path)
        resp = conn.getresponse()

        header_dict = dict((k.lower(), v) for (k, v) in resp.getheaders())
        remaining = int(header_dict['content-length'])

        self.send_response(resp.status, resp.reason)
        self.send_header('Content-Length', str(remaining))
        self.end_headers()
        while True:
            b = resp.read(64 * 1024)
            if len(b) == 0:
                break
            remaining -= len(b)
            assert remaining >= 0
            self.wfile.write(b)
        assert remaining == 0

with http.server.HTTPServer(('127.0.0.1', 3142), Handler) as httpd:
    httpd.serve_forever()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability?

  A) Handler
  B) do_GET
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import http.client
import http.server

assert __name__ == '__main__', 'this module should only be executed, not imported'

REAL_HOST = 'snapshot.debian.org'
REAL_PATH = '/archive/debian-ports/20190706T203242Z'

URL_LIST = open('debian-urls.txt', 'w')

class Handler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        URL_LIST.write(self.path + '\n')
        URL_LIST.flush()

        conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(REAL_HOST)
        conn.request('GET', REAL_PATH + self.path)
        resp = conn.getresponse()

        header_dict = dict((k.lower(), v) for (k, v) in resp.getheaders())
        remaining = int(header_dict['content-length'])

        self.send_response(resp.status, resp.reason)
        self.send_header('Content-Length', str(remaining))
        self.end_headers()
        while True:
            b = resp.read(64 * 1024)
            if len(b) == 0:
                break
            remaining -= len(b)
            assert remaining >= 0
            self.wfile.write(b)
        assert remaining == 0

with http.server.HTTPServer(('127.0.0.1', 3142), Handler) as httpd:
    httpd.serve_forever()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: do_GET
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import httplib2
import re
import socket
import sys


def parse_links(filename):
    """Returns a list of URLs from text file"""
    with open(filename) as fp:
        data = fp.read()
    raw_links = re.findall(
        'http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+',
        data)
    links = [raw_link.replace(')', '') for raw_link in raw_links]
    return links


def validate_links(links):
    """Checks each entry in JSON file for live link"""
    print('Validating {} links...'.format(len(links)))
    errors = []
    for link in links:
        h = httplib2.Http(disable_ssl_certificate_validation=True, timeout=5)
        try:
            resp = h.request(link, 'HEAD')
            code = int(resp[0]['status'])
            # check if status code is a client or server error
            if code >= 404:
                errors.append('{}: {}'.format(code, link))
        except TimeoutError:
            errors.append("TMO: " + link)
        except socket.error as socketerror:
            errors.append("SOC: {} : {}".format(socketerror, link))
    return errors


if __name__ == "__main__":
    num_args = len(sys.argv)
    if num_args < 2:
        print("No .md file passed")
        sys.exit(1)
    errors = validate_links(parse_links(sys.argv[1]))
    if len(errors) > 0:
        for err in errors:
            print(err)
        sys.exit(1)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  B) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  E) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  F) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import httplib2
import re
import socket
import sys


def parse_links(filename):
    """Returns a list of URLs from text file"""
    with open(filename) as fp:
        data = fp.read()
    raw_links = re.findall(
        'http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+',
        data)
    links = [raw_link.replace(')', '') for raw_link in raw_links]
    return links


def validate_links(links):
    """Checks each entry in JSON file for live link"""
    print('Validating {} links...'.format(len(links)))
    errors = []
    for link in links:
        h = httplib2.Http(disable_ssl_certificate_validation=True, timeout=5)
        try:
            resp = h.request(link, 'HEAD')
            code = int(resp[0]['status'])
            # check if status code is a client or server error
            if code >= 404:
                errors.append('{}: {}'.format(code, link))
        except TimeoutError:
            errors.append("TMO: " + link)
        except socket.error as socketerror:
            errors.append("SOC: {} : {}".format(socketerror, link))
    return errors


if __name__ == "__main__":
    num_args = len(sys.argv)
    if num_args < 2:
        print("No .md file passed")
        sys.exit(1)
    errors = validate_links(parse_links(sys.argv[1]))
    if len(errors) > 0:
        for err in errors:
            print(err)
        sys.exit(1)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) parse_links
  B) validate_links
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import httplib2
import re
import socket
import sys


def parse_links(filename):
    """Returns a list of URLs from text file"""
    with open(filename) as fp:
        data = fp.read()
    raw_links = re.findall(
        'http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+',
        data)
    links = [raw_link.replace(')', '') for raw_link in raw_links]
    return links


def validate_links(links):
    """Checks each entry in JSON file for live link"""
    print('Validating {} links...'.format(len(links)))
    errors = []
    for link in links:
        h = httplib2.Http(disable_ssl_certificate_validation=True, timeout=5)
        try:
            resp = h.request(link, 'HEAD')
            code = int(resp[0]['status'])
            # check if status code is a client or server error
            if code >= 404:
                errors.append('{}: {}'.format(code, link))
        except TimeoutError:
            errors.append("TMO: " + link)
        except socket.error as socketerror:
            errors.append("SOC: {} : {}".format(socketerror, link))
    return errors


if __name__ == "__main__":
    num_args = len(sys.argv)
    if num_args < 2:
        print("No .md file passed")
        sys.exit(1)
    errors = validate_links(parse_links(sys.argv[1]))
    if len(errors) > 0:
        for err in errors:
            print(err)
        sys.exit(1)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: parse_links
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import redirect, url_for, request, render_template, Blueprint, flash
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user
from sqlalchemy import or_

from OrderSystem import forms, db, sentry
from OrderSystem.sql.ORM import User
from OrderSystem.utilities.Helpers import verify_password, flash_errors
from OrderSystem.utilities.ServerLogger import log_event

auth = Blueprint('auth', __name__)


# Login
@auth.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    form = forms.Login()

    if form.validate_on_submit():
        username = form.username.data
        password = form.password.data

        # Find matching user
        user = db.session.query(User).filter(or_(User.username == username)).first()

        # Guest tried to login as non-existent user
        if user is None:
            log_event('AUTH ERR', 'Guest tried to login as non-existent user.')
            flash("Invalid username/password!", 'error')
            return render_template('auth/login.html', form=form)

        # Check if passwords match
        if verify_password(user.password, password):
            login_user(user, remember=True)
            sentry.user_context({
                'id': user.id,
                'username': user.username,
                'email': user.email
            })

            # Redirect to previous page
            return redirect(request.args.get('prev') or request.args.get('next') or "/")

        # User/password pair is wrong
        else:
            flash("Incorrect username/password", 'error')
            log_event('AUTH ERR', 'Guest incorrectly attempted to login as {0}.'.format(user.username))
            return render_template('auth/login.html', form=form)
    else:
        flash_errors(form)

    return render_template('auth/login.html', form=form)


# Logout
@auth.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  D) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: E