OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import os
import sys

import create_reply

from flask import Flask, request, abort
from linebot import (
    LineBotApi, WebhookParser
)
from linebot.exceptions import (
    InvalidSignatureError
)
from linebot.models import (
    MessageEvent, TextMessage, TextSendMessage,
)

app = Flask(__name__)

# get channel_secret and channel_access_token from your environment variable
channel_secret = os.getenv('LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET', None)
channel_access_token = os.getenv('LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN', None)
if channel_secret is None:
    print('Specify LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET as environment variable.')
    sys.exit(1)
if channel_access_token is None:
    print('Specify LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN as environment variable.')
    sys.exit(1)

line_bot_api = LineBotApi(channel_access_token)
parser = WebhookParser(channel_secret)


@app.route("/callback", methods=['POST'])
def callback():
    signature = request.headers['X-Line-Signature']

    # get request body as text
    body = request.get_data(as_text=True)
    app.logger.info("Request body: " + body)

    # parse webhook body
    try:
        events = parser.parse(body, signature)
    except InvalidSignatureError:
        abort(400)

    # if event is MessageEvent and message is TextMessage, then echo text
    for event in events:
        if not isinstance(event, MessageEvent):
            continue
        if not isinstance(event.message, TextMessage):
            continue

        msg = event.message.text
        reply = create_reply.createReply(msg)

        line_bot_api.reply_message(
            event.reply_token,
            TextSendMessage(text=reply)
        )

    return 'OK'


if __name__ == "__main__":
    port = int(os.getenv("PORT", 5000))
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=port)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  B) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  C) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  F) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Application body"""
import os
from urllib.error import HTTPError
from urllib.request import urlopen
from app.auth import HubAuth
from flask import Flask, redirect
from webargs import Arg
from webargs.flaskparser import use_args


def create_app(config='production'):
	
	app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path='/static')
	
	print(' * Running in {} mode'.format(config))
	app.config.from_object('app.config.%sConfig' % config.capitalize())
	
	index_args = {
		'file': Arg(str, required=True),
		# must include filename /path/to/file.ipynb relative to the directory 
		# specified in config
	    'destination': Arg(str, required=True)
	}
	
	@app.route(app.config['URL'])
	@use_args(index_args)
	def view(args):
		"""URL to access"""
		try:
			redirection = username = authenticate()
			if isinstance(username, str):
				file_contents = get_remote_file(app.config, args['file'])
				destination = args['destination']
				path = construct_path(app.config['COPY_PATH'], locals())
				write_to_destination(file_contents, path, app.config)
				redirect_url = construct_path(app.config['REDIRECT_PATH'], locals())
				redirection = redirect(redirect_url)
		except HTTPError:
			return 'Source file "{}" does not exist or is not accessible.'.\
				format(args['file'])
		return redirection
	
	return app


def authenticate():
	"""Authenticates the user with the local JupyterHub installation"""
	return HubAuth().authenticate()


def get_remote_file(config, source):
	"""fetches remote file"""
	assert source.startswith(config['ALLOWED_DOMAIN'])
	return urlopen(source).read().decode('utf-8')


def write_to_destination(file_contents, destination, config):
	"""Write file to destination on server"""
	
	# check that this filetype is allowed (ideally, not an executable)
	assert '.' in destination and \
	       destination.split('.')[-1] in config['ALLOWED_FILETYPES']
	
	# make user directory if it doesn't exist
	os.makedirs('/'.join(destination.split('/')[:-1]), exist_ok=True)
	
	# write the file
	open(destination, 'w').write(file_contents)
	
	
def construct_path(path, format, *args):
	"""constructs a path using locally available variables"""
	return os.path.join(path.format(**format), *args)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) get_remote_file
  B) authenticate
  C) construct_path
  D) view
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Application body"""
import os
from urllib.error import HTTPError
from urllib.request import urlopen
from app.auth import HubAuth
from flask import Flask, redirect
from webargs import Arg
from webargs.flaskparser import use_args


def create_app(config='production'):
	
	app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path='/static')
	
	print(' * Running in {} mode'.format(config))
	app.config.from_object('app.config.%sConfig' % config.capitalize())
	
	index_args = {
		'file': Arg(str, required=True),
		# must include filename /path/to/file.ipynb relative to the directory 
		# specified in config
	    'destination': Arg(str, required=True)
	}
	
	@app.route(app.config['URL'])
	@use_args(index_args)
	def view(args):
		"""URL to access"""
		try:
			redirection = username = authenticate()
			if isinstance(username, str):
				file_contents = get_remote_file(app.config, args['file'])
				destination = args['destination']
				path = construct_path(app.config['COPY_PATH'], locals())
				write_to_destination(file_contents, path, app.config)
				redirect_url = construct_path(app.config['REDIRECT_PATH'], locals())
				redirection = redirect(redirect_url)
		except HTTPError:
			return 'Source file "{}" does not exist or is not accessible.'.\
				format(args['file'])
		return redirection
	
	return app


def authenticate():
	"""Authenticates the user with the local JupyterHub installation"""
	return HubAuth().authenticate()


def get_remote_file(config, source):
	"""fetches remote file"""
	assert source.startswith(config['ALLOWED_DOMAIN'])
	return urlopen(source).read().decode('utf-8')


def write_to_destination(file_contents, destination, config):
	"""Write file to destination on server"""
	
	# check that this filetype is allowed (ideally, not an executable)
	assert '.' in destination and \
	       destination.split('.')[-1] in config['ALLOWED_FILETYPES']
	
	# make user directory if it doesn't exist
	os.makedirs('/'.join(destination.split('/')[:-1]), exist_ok=True)
	
	# write the file
	open(destination, 'w').write(file_contents)
	
	
def construct_path(path, format, *args):
	"""constructs a path using locally available variables"""
	return os.path.join(path.format(**format), *args)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: view
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Application body"""
import os
from urllib.error import HTTPError
from urllib.request import urlopen
from app.auth import HubAuth
from flask import Flask, redirect
from webargs import Arg
from webargs.flaskparser import use_args


def create_app(config='production'):
	
	app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path='/static')
	
	print(' * Running in {} mode'.format(config))
	app.config.from_object('app.config.%sConfig' % config.capitalize())
	
	index_args = {
		'file': Arg(str, required=True),
		# must include filename /path/to/file.ipynb relative to the directory 
		# specified in config
	    'destination': Arg(str, required=True)
	}
	
	@app.route(app.config['URL'])
	@use_args(index_args)
	def view(args):
		"""URL to access"""
		try:
			redirection = username = authenticate()
			if isinstance(username, str):
				file_contents = get_remote_file(app.config, args['file'])
				destination = args['destination']
				path = construct_path(app.config['COPY_PATH'], locals())
				write_to_destination(file_contents, path, app.config)
				redirect_url = construct_path(app.config['REDIRECT_PATH'], locals())
				redirection = redirect(redirect_url)
		except HTTPError:
			return 'Source file "{}" does not exist or is not accessible.'.\
				format(args['file'])
		return redirection
	
	return app


def authenticate():
	"""Authenticates the user with the local JupyterHub installation"""
	return HubAuth().authenticate()


def get_remote_file(config, source):
	"""fetches remote file"""
	assert source.startswith(config['ALLOWED_DOMAIN'])
	return urlopen(source).read().decode('utf-8')


def write_to_destination(file_contents, destination, config):
	"""Write file to destination on server"""
	
	# check that this filetype is allowed (ideally, not an executable)
	assert '.' in destination and \
	       destination.split('.')[-1] in config['ALLOWED_FILETYPES']
	
	# make user directory if it doesn't exist
	os.makedirs('/'.join(destination.split('/')[:-1]), exist_ok=True)
	
	# write the file
	open(destination, 'w').write(file_contents)
	
	
def construct_path(path, format, *args):
	"""constructs a path using locally available variables"""
	return os.path.join(path.format(**format), *args)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability?

  A) write_to_destination
  B) get_remote_file
  C) view
  D) create_app
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Application body"""
import os
from urllib.error import HTTPError
from urllib.request import urlopen
from app.auth import HubAuth
from flask import Flask, redirect
from webargs import Arg
from webargs.flaskparser import use_args


def create_app(config='production'):
	
	app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path='/static')
	
	print(' * Running in {} mode'.format(config))
	app.config.from_object('app.config.%sConfig' % config.capitalize())
	
	index_args = {
		'file': Arg(str, required=True),
		# must include filename /path/to/file.ipynb relative to the directory 
		# specified in config
	    'destination': Arg(str, required=True)
	}
	
	@app.route(app.config['URL'])
	@use_args(index_args)
	def view(args):
		"""URL to access"""
		try:
			redirection = username = authenticate()
			if isinstance(username, str):
				file_contents = get_remote_file(app.config, args['file'])
				destination = args['destination']
				path = construct_path(app.config['COPY_PATH'], locals())
				write_to_destination(file_contents, path, app.config)
				redirect_url = construct_path(app.config['REDIRECT_PATH'], locals())
				redirection = redirect(redirect_url)
		except HTTPError:
			return 'Source file "{}" does not exist or is not accessible.'.\
				format(args['file'])
		return redirection
	
	return app


def authenticate():
	"""Authenticates the user with the local JupyterHub installation"""
	return HubAuth().authenticate()


def get_remote_file(config, source):
	"""fetches remote file"""
	assert source.startswith(config['ALLOWED_DOMAIN'])
	return urlopen(source).read().decode('utf-8')


def write_to_destination(file_contents, destination, config):
	"""Write file to destination on server"""
	
	# check that this filetype is allowed (ideally, not an executable)
	assert '.' in destination and \
	       destination.split('.')[-1] in config['ALLOWED_FILETYPES']
	
	# make user directory if it doesn't exist
	os.makedirs('/'.join(destination.split('/')[:-1]), exist_ok=True)
	
	# write the file
	open(destination, 'w').write(file_contents)
	
	
def construct_path(path, format, *args):
	"""constructs a path using locally available variables"""
	return os.path.join(path.format(**format), *args)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: get_remote_file
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from jinja2 import Template

from cfn_sphere import FileLoader
import os
import json
import yaml

from cfn_sphere.exceptions import CfnSphereException


class FileGenerator(object):
    def __init__(self, working_dir):
        self.working_dir = working_dir

    @staticmethod
    def _write_file(file_path, working_dir, content):
        if os.path.isabs(file_path):
            path = file_path
        else:
            path = os.path.join(working_dir, file_path)

        try:
            target_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
            if not os.path.exists(target_dir):
                os.mkdir(target_dir)

            with open(path, "w") as f:
                f.write(content)
        except Exception as e:
            raise CfnSphereException(e)

    @staticmethod
    def _is_valid_json(content):
        try:
            json.loads(content)
        except ValueError as e:
            raise CfnSphereException("Rendered file does not make valid json: {0}".format(e))

    @staticmethod
    def _is_valid_yaml(content):
        try:
            yaml.safe_load(content)
        except yaml.YAMLError as e:
            print(content)
            raise CfnSphereException("Rendered file does not make valid yaml: {0}".format(e))

    def render_file(self, source_url, destination_url, context):
        file_content = FileLoader().get_file(source_url, self.working_dir)
        rendered = self.get_rendered_file_content(file_content, context)

        if destination_url.endswith(".json"):
            self._is_valid_json(rendered)
        if destination_url.endswith(".yaml") or destination_url.endswith(".yml"):
            self._is_valid_yaml(rendered)

        self._write_file(destination_url, self.working_dir, rendered)

    @staticmethod
    def get_rendered_file_content(template, context):
        return Template(template).render(**context)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    FileGenerator(None).render_file("/tmp/input.template", "/tmp/output.json", {"name": "Somebody"})

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) _write_file
  B) __init__
  C) get_rendered_file_content
  D) _is_valid_json
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from jinja2 import Template

from cfn_sphere import FileLoader
import os
import json
import yaml

from cfn_sphere.exceptions import CfnSphereException


class FileGenerator(object):
    def __init__(self, working_dir):
        self.working_dir = working_dir

    @staticmethod
    def _write_file(file_path, working_dir, content):
        if os.path.isabs(file_path):
            path = file_path
        else:
            path = os.path.join(working_dir, file_path)

        try:
            target_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
            if not os.path.exists(target_dir):
                os.mkdir(target_dir)

            with open(path, "w") as f:
                f.write(content)
        except Exception as e:
            raise CfnSphereException(e)

    @staticmethod
    def _is_valid_json(content):
        try:
            json.loads(content)
        except ValueError as e:
            raise CfnSphereException("Rendered file does not make valid json: {0}".format(e))

    @staticmethod
    def _is_valid_yaml(content):
        try:
            yaml.safe_load(content)
        except yaml.YAMLError as e:
            print(content)
            raise CfnSphereException("Rendered file does not make valid yaml: {0}".format(e))

    def render_file(self, source_url, destination_url, context):
        file_content = FileLoader().get_file(source_url, self.working_dir)
        rendered = self.get_rendered_file_content(file_content, context)

        if destination_url.endswith(".json"):
            self._is_valid_json(rendered)
        if destination_url.endswith(".yaml") or destination_url.endswith(".yml"):
            self._is_valid_yaml(rendered)

        self._write_file(destination_url, self.working_dir, rendered)

    @staticmethod
    def get_rendered_file_content(template, context):
        return Template(template).render(**context)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    FileGenerator(None).render_file("/tmp/input.template", "/tmp/output.json", {"name": "Somebody"})

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: get_rendered_file_content
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for, request, render_template
from pymysql import connect, cursors
from flask_cors import CORS
import subprocess


app = Flask(__name__)
CORS(app)


def restart_mysql_service():
    command = 'service mysql restart'
    process = subprocess.Popen(command.split(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    output, error = process.communicate()

restart_mysql_service()

@app.route('/success/<name>')
def success(name):
    return 'welcome %s' % name

@app.route('/')
def search_inventory():
    return render_template('search_inventory.html', search_result=[{}])

def getSearchResults(item):
    try:
        connection = connect(host='',
                                user='root',
                                password='mysqlroot',
                                database='inventory',
                                cursorclass=cursors.DictCursor)
        with connection:
            with connection.cursor() as cursor:
                # select * from items where name like '%hammer' UNION (SELECT TABLE_NAME, TABLE_SCHEMA FROM information_schema.tables);-- %'
                # hammer' UNION (SELECT TABLE_NAME, TABLE_SCHEMA FROM information_schema.tables);--
                sql_command = "select * from items where item_name like '%%"+item+"%'"
                cursor.execute(sql_command)
                result = cursor.fetchall()
                if not result: result = [{}]
        return { "success": True, "result": result }
    except Exception as e:
        return { "success": False, "error": e }

@app.route('/submit', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def submit():
    item = request.form['item']
    if request.method == 'POST':
        searchRes = getSearchResults(item)
        if searchRes["success"]:
            return render_template('search_inventory.html', search_result=searchRes["result"])
        else:
            return render_template('search_inventory.html', search_result=[{"error": str(searchRes["error"])}])
    else:
        return render_template('search_inventory.html', search_result=[{}])

@app.route('/status', methods=['GET'])
def getProblemStatus():
    status = { "solved": False }
    item = "hammer' UNION (SELECT TABLE_NAME, TABLE_SCHEMA FROM information_schema.tables);-- "
    searchRes = getSearchResults(item)
    if not searchRes["success"] or not searchRes["result"]: return status

    status["solved"] = not searchRes["result"][0]
    return status

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True)


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: success
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask


app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return "Labrīt!!!!!"
@app.route('/sveiki')
def sveiki():
    return "Vairs nav nekāds rīts"
@app.route('/sveiki/<vards>')
def sveikiPersona(vards):
    return "Sveiki, {}".format(vards)
@app.route('/cik/<sk1>/<sk2>')
def reizinajums(sk1,sk2):
    sk1=int(sk1)
    sk2=int(sk2)
    reizinajums=sk1*sk2

    return str(reizinajums)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run("0.0.0.0", debug=True)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  B) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  C) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  F) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
Answer: B,D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask


app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return "Labrīt!!!!!"
@app.route('/sveiki')
def sveiki():
    return "Vairs nav nekāds rīts"
@app.route('/sveiki/<vards>')
def sveikiPersona(vards):
    return "Sveiki, {}".format(vards)
@app.route('/cik/<sk1>/<sk2>')
def reizinajums(sk1,sk2):
    sk1=int(sk1)
    sk2=int(sk2)
    reizinajums=sk1*sk2

    return str(reizinajums)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run("0.0.0.0", debug=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) reizinajums
  B) sveiki
  C) sveikiPersona
  D) index
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask


app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return "Labrīt!!!!!"
@app.route('/sveiki')
def sveiki():
    return "Vairs nav nekāds rīts"
@app.route('/sveiki/<vards>')
def sveikiPersona(vards):
    return "Sveiki, {}".format(vards)
@app.route('/cik/<sk1>/<sk2>')
def reizinajums(sk1,sk2):
    sk1=int(sk1)
    sk2=int(sk2)
    reizinajums=sk1*sk2

    return str(reizinajums)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run("0.0.0.0", debug=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: sveikiPersona
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
import json
import base64
from datetime import datetime
import argparse

MAX_PROCESS=1 

class TextHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
  def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
    param = self.request.headers['time']
    message = self.request.arguments['msg'][0].decode()
    print("[{}-RECV] param:{}, message: {}".format(self.__class__.__name__,param, message))
    return self.write(bytes(json.dumps({"type":"TextHandler", "result":"ok", "data":message}), 'UTF-8'))

class ImageHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
  def upload_file(self, file, f_name):
    with open(f_name, 'wb') as save_file:
      save_file.write(file['body'])

  def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
    ret = "ok"
    param = self.request.headers['time']
    request_file = self.request.files['uploadFile'][0]
    print("[{}-RECV] param: {}".format(self.__class__.__name__,param))
    
    if request_file:
      ret = "ok"
      file_name = request_file.filename
      self.upload_file(request_file, file_name)
      with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
        data = base64.b64encode(f.read()).decode()
      print("  file write: {}".format(file_name))
    else:
      ret = "fail"
      data = ""

    return self.write(bytes(json.dumps({'type':'ImageHandler', "result":ret, "data":data}), 'UTF-8'))

def configure_app():
  return tornado.web.Application([
    ("/ImageHandler", ImageHandler),
    ("/TextHandler", TextHandler),
  ])

if __name__ == "__main__":
  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
  parser.add_argument('--port', help='Port Number', default=8888)
  args = parser.parse_args()
  print("Configure: {}".format(args))
  print("Server Start!!")

  app = configure_app()
  server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(app)
  server.bind(args.port)
  server.start(MAX_PROCESS) # forks one process per cpu 0
  tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: post
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# 
# A random password generator that is customizable in terms of:
#      - password length
#      - character sets
#

import random

ALPHA   = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" + "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
NUM     = "0123456789"
SPECIAL = "@#$%&*"

class GenPass:
    """ Generate password based on a list of rules """

    def __init__(self):
        self._pass_len = 8
        self._char_set = ALPHA + NUM + SPECIAL


    @property
    def pass_len(self):
        return self._pass_len

    @pass_len.setter
    def pass_len(self, value):
        self._pass_len = value

    @property
    def char_set(self):
        return self._char_set

    @char_set.setter
    def char_set(self, value):
        self._char_set = value

    def passwd(self, pass_len=None, char_set=None):
        """
        Generate the password based on given length and character sets
        """
        if pass_len:
            self.pass_len = pass_len

        if char_set:
            self.char_set = char_set if isinstance(char_set, str) else str(char_set)
            # if not isinstance(char_set, str):
            #     self.char_set = str(char_set)
            # else:
            #     self.char_set = char_set
        
        password = []

        # Randomly pick one character from the set each time
        for i in range(self.pass_len):
            password.append(random.choice(self.char_set))
            
        print(f"password list: {password}")
        
        return password

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  F) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import collections
import json
from jinja2 import Template
from typing import Dict, List


class LabCollection:
    def __init__(self, file_name="labs.json", include_status=True):
        with open(file_name) as f:
            self.all = json.loads(f.read())
        self.include_status = include_status
        self.categorized = self.categorize(self.all)
        self.markdown = self.to_markdown()

    def categorize(self, labs: List) -> Dict:
        levels = collections.defaultdict(dict)
        for lab in labs:
            levels[lab.get("level")].setdefault(
                lab.get("topic"), []
            ).append(
                {
                    "title": lab.get("title"),
                    "url": lab.get("url"),
                    "status": lab.get("status"),
                }
            )
        keys = ("APPRENTICE", "PRACTITIONER", "EXPERT")
        return collections.OrderedDict((k, levels[k]) for k in keys)

    def to_markdown(self) -> str:
        with open("labs.jinja2") as f:
            template = Template(f.read())
        return template.render(
            collection=self.categorized, include_status=self.include_status
        )

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) categorize
  B) to_markdown
  C) __init__
  D) LabCollection
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import collections
import json
from jinja2 import Template
from typing import Dict, List


class LabCollection:
    def __init__(self, file_name="labs.json", include_status=True):
        with open(file_name) as f:
            self.all = json.loads(f.read())
        self.include_status = include_status
        self.categorized = self.categorize(self.all)
        self.markdown = self.to_markdown()

    def categorize(self, labs: List) -> Dict:
        levels = collections.defaultdict(dict)
        for lab in labs:
            levels[lab.get("level")].setdefault(
                lab.get("topic"), []
            ).append(
                {
                    "title": lab.get("title"),
                    "url": lab.get("url"),
                    "status": lab.get("status"),
                }
            )
        keys = ("APPRENTICE", "PRACTITIONER", "EXPERT")
        return collections.OrderedDict((k, levels[k]) for k in keys)

    def to_markdown(self) -> str:
        with open("labs.jinja2") as f:
            template = Template(f.read())
        return template.render(
            collection=self.categorized, include_status=self.include_status
        )

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: to_markdown
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from bcrypt import hashpw, gensalt
from flask import Blueprint, request, render_template, flash, redirect, url_for
from pimp_board import User, db
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user

auth_blueprint = Blueprint('auth_blueprint', __name__, template_folder='templates')

@auth_blueprint.route('/register', methods=['GET','POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('register.html')
    plaintext_password = request.form['password'].encode('UTF_8')
    hashed_password = hashpw(plaintext_password, gensalt())
    user = User(
        email=request.form['email'],
        password=hashed_password,
        first_name=request.form['first_name'],
        last_name=request.form['last_name']
    )
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    flash('User successfully registered')
    return redirect(url_for('auth_blueprint.login'))
 
@auth_blueprint.route('/login', methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('login.html')
    email = request.form['email']
    password = request.form['password'].encode('UTF_8')
    registered_user = User.query.filter_by(email=email).first()
    if registered_user is None:
        flash('Username or Password is invalid', 'error')
        return redirect(url_for('auth_blueprint.login'))
    password_matches = hashpw(password, registered_user.password) == registered_user.password
    if not password_matches:
        flash('Username or Password is invalid', 'error')
        return redirect(url_for('auth_blueprint.login'))
    login_user(registered_user)
    flash('Logged in successfully')
    return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('index'))

@auth_blueprint.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    flash('Successfull logout')
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  B) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from bcrypt import hashpw, gensalt
from flask import Blueprint, request, render_template, flash, redirect, url_for
from pimp_board import User, db
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user

auth_blueprint = Blueprint('auth_blueprint', __name__, template_folder='templates')

@auth_blueprint.route('/register', methods=['GET','POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('register.html')
    plaintext_password = request.form['password'].encode('UTF_8')
    hashed_password = hashpw(plaintext_password, gensalt())
    user = User(
        email=request.form['email'],
        password=hashed_password,
        first_name=request.form['first_name'],
        last_name=request.form['last_name']
    )
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    flash('User successfully registered')
    return redirect(url_for('auth_blueprint.login'))
 
@auth_blueprint.route('/login', methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('login.html')
    email = request.form['email']
    password = request.form['password'].encode('UTF_8')
    registered_user = User.query.filter_by(email=email).first()
    if registered_user is None:
        flash('Username or Password is invalid', 'error')
        return redirect(url_for('auth_blueprint.login'))
    password_matches = hashpw(password, registered_user.password) == registered_user.password
    if not password_matches:
        flash('Username or Password is invalid', 'error')
        return redirect(url_for('auth_blueprint.login'))
    login_user(registered_user)
    flash('Logged in successfully')
    return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('index'))

@auth_blueprint.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    flash('Successfull logout')
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) register
  B) logout
  C) login
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from bcrypt import hashpw, gensalt
from flask import Blueprint, request, render_template, flash, redirect, url_for
from pimp_board import User, db
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user

auth_blueprint = Blueprint('auth_blueprint', __name__, template_folder='templates')

@auth_blueprint.route('/register', methods=['GET','POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('register.html')
    plaintext_password = request.form['password'].encode('UTF_8')
    hashed_password = hashpw(plaintext_password, gensalt())
    user = User(
        email=request.form['email'],
        password=hashed_password,
        first_name=request.form['first_name'],
        last_name=request.form['last_name']
    )
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    flash('User successfully registered')
    return redirect(url_for('auth_blueprint.login'))
 
@auth_blueprint.route('/login', methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('login.html')
    email = request.form['email']
    password = request.form['password'].encode('UTF_8')
    registered_user = User.query.filter_by(email=email).first()
    if registered_user is None:
        flash('Username or Password is invalid', 'error')
        return redirect(url_for('auth_blueprint.login'))
    password_matches = hashpw(password, registered_user.password) == registered_user.password
    if not password_matches:
        flash('Username or Password is invalid', 'error')
        return redirect(url_for('auth_blueprint.login'))
    login_user(registered_user)
    flash('Logged in successfully')
    return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('index'))

@auth_blueprint.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    flash('Successfull logout')
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import paramiko
import os
import sys
import subprocess
import string

hostname = sys.argv[1]


def findtunnel(val):
    country = val[:2]
    city = val[2:4]
    appl_type = val[4:7]
    code = val[7:10]
    values = (country, city, appl_type, code)
    return values


def start_socks(val):
    system = findtunnel(val)
    if system[0] == 'au':
        print("Starting Sydney tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'br':
        print("Starting Hortolandia tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'ca':
        print("Starting Toronto tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'ch':
        print("Starting Winterthur tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'de':
        print("Starting Ehningen tunnel")
        redsocks = subprocess.Popen(["/usr/bin/redsocks-sasgui", ' -c', ' /home/eduard/.sasgui/redsocks.conf.d/20232'])
        ssh = subprocess.Popen(["/usr/bin/ssh", '-p 22', '-a', '-D' ' 10232', '9.149.246.101',
                                '-l sas -o ConnectTimeout=15 -t -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o ServerAliveInterval=15 -o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes'])

        clientConnect = paramiko.SSHClient()
        clientConnect.load_system_host_keys()
        clientConnect.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy)
        clientConnect.connect(hostname,port=22,username='hscroot',password='start1234')
        stdin, stdout, stderr = clientConnect.exec_command('lshmc -V')
        print(stdout.read())

    elif system[0] == 'es':
        print("Starting Barcelona tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'fr':
        print("Starting Montpellier tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'gb':
        print("Starting Fareham tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'jp':
        print("Starting Japan tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'nl':
        print("Starting Amsterdam tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'uk':
        print("Starting Portsmouth tunnel")
    elif system[0] == 'us':
        print("Starting Raleigh tunnel")


start_socks(hostname)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: start_socks
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, request  

app = Flask(__name__) 

distance = 0.1

@app.route("/") 
def home(): 
    global distance
    return render_template('test8/page.html', distance=distance)

@app.route("/setdistance", methods=["POST"])
def setdistance():
    global distance
    distance = float(request.form["distance"])
    print("set distance to", distance)
    return redirect(request.referrer)   

app.run(debug = True)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  C) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  D) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  E) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  F) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
Answer: A,B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, request  

app = Flask(__name__) 

distance = 0.1

@app.route("/") 
def home(): 
    global distance
    return render_template('test8/page.html', distance=distance)

@app.route("/setdistance", methods=["POST"])
def setdistance():
    global distance
    distance = float(request.form["distance"])
    print("set distance to", distance)
    return redirect(request.referrer)   

app.run(debug = True)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) home
  B) setdistance
Answer: B