OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
'''Model a User object
'''
import hashlib
import csv
import functions


DATASTORE = 'users.csv'

class User:
    '''A user on trello'''
    def __init__(self, firstname, lastname, email, password):
        self.firstname = firstname
        self.lastname = lastname
        self.email = email
        self.password = self.hash_password(password)
        self.is_logged_in = False

    def __repr__(self):
        return functions.get_class_representation(self)

    def hash_password(self, password):
        '''Hash a given password'''
        return hashlib.sha256(password).hexdigest()

    def login(self, email, password):
        self.is_logged_in = True

    def save(self):
        with open(DATASTORE, 'a+') as file:
            store = csv.DictWriter(file, ['firstname', 'lastname', 'email', 'password', 'is_logged_in'])
            
            if file.readline() == '':
                store.writeheader()
            
            store.writerow(self.__dict__)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: hash_password
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import os


class patient(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "test"

    def set_bp_id(self, bp_id):
        self.bp_id = bp_id

    def set_pulse_id(self, pulse_id):
        self.pulse_id = pulse_id

    def set_temp_id(self, temp_id):
        self.temp_id = temp_id

    def get_bp_id(self, bp_id):
        return bp_id

    def get_pulse_id(self, pulse_id):
        return pulse_id

    def get_temp_id(self, temp_id):
        return temp_id

    def recieveFromAlert(self, data):
        data = json.loads(data)
        self.msg = data["alert_message"]
        self.bp_id = data["bloodPressure"]
        self.pulse_id = data["pulse"]
        self.temp_id = data["bloodOx"]

    def recieveFromUsers(self, data):
        self.user_req = data["req"]
        self.select(self.user_req)

    def select(self, req):
        data = ''
        if req == "bloodPressure":
            data = self.bp_id
        elif req == 'pulse':
            data = self.pulse_id
        elif req == 'bloodOx':
            data = self.temp_id
        self.send_select_to_UI(req, data)

    def send_alert_to_UI(self):
        send_data = json.dumps({
            'alert_message': self.msg,
            'bloodPressure': self.bp_id,
            'pulse': self.pulse_id,
            'bloodOx': self.temp_id
        })
        print(send_data)
        return send_data

    def send_select_to_UI(self, req, data):
        send_data = json.dumps({
            req: data
        })
        print(send_data)
        return send_data


def main():
    patient_1 = patient()
    json_dir = os.getcwd()
    with open(json_dir + '/patient.json', 'r') as rawJson:
        data = json.load(rawJson)
        patient_1.recieveFromAlert(data)
        patient_1.send_alert_to_UI()
        rawJson.close()

    with open(json_dir + '/users.json', 'r') as rawJson:
        data = json.load(rawJson)
        patient_1.recieveFromUsers(data)
        rawJson.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  B) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  C) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  D) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  E) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  F) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import os


class patient(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "test"

    def set_bp_id(self, bp_id):
        self.bp_id = bp_id

    def set_pulse_id(self, pulse_id):
        self.pulse_id = pulse_id

    def set_temp_id(self, temp_id):
        self.temp_id = temp_id

    def get_bp_id(self, bp_id):
        return bp_id

    def get_pulse_id(self, pulse_id):
        return pulse_id

    def get_temp_id(self, temp_id):
        return temp_id

    def recieveFromAlert(self, data):
        data = json.loads(data)
        self.msg = data["alert_message"]
        self.bp_id = data["bloodPressure"]
        self.pulse_id = data["pulse"]
        self.temp_id = data["bloodOx"]

    def recieveFromUsers(self, data):
        self.user_req = data["req"]
        self.select(self.user_req)

    def select(self, req):
        data = ''
        if req == "bloodPressure":
            data = self.bp_id
        elif req == 'pulse':
            data = self.pulse_id
        elif req == 'bloodOx':
            data = self.temp_id
        self.send_select_to_UI(req, data)

    def send_alert_to_UI(self):
        send_data = json.dumps({
            'alert_message': self.msg,
            'bloodPressure': self.bp_id,
            'pulse': self.pulse_id,
            'bloodOx': self.temp_id
        })
        print(send_data)
        return send_data

    def send_select_to_UI(self, req, data):
        send_data = json.dumps({
            req: data
        })
        print(send_data)
        return send_data


def main():
    patient_1 = patient()
    json_dir = os.getcwd()
    with open(json_dir + '/patient.json', 'r') as rawJson:
        data = json.load(rawJson)
        patient_1.recieveFromAlert(data)
        patient_1.send_alert_to_UI()
        rawJson.close()

    with open(json_dir + '/users.json', 'r') as rawJson:
        data = json.load(rawJson)
        patient_1.recieveFromUsers(data)
        rawJson.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) recieveFromAlert
  B) set_pulse_id
  C) set_temp_id
  D) send_alert_to_UI
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import os


class patient(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "test"

    def set_bp_id(self, bp_id):
        self.bp_id = bp_id

    def set_pulse_id(self, pulse_id):
        self.pulse_id = pulse_id

    def set_temp_id(self, temp_id):
        self.temp_id = temp_id

    def get_bp_id(self, bp_id):
        return bp_id

    def get_pulse_id(self, pulse_id):
        return pulse_id

    def get_temp_id(self, temp_id):
        return temp_id

    def recieveFromAlert(self, data):
        data = json.loads(data)
        self.msg = data["alert_message"]
        self.bp_id = data["bloodPressure"]
        self.pulse_id = data["pulse"]
        self.temp_id = data["bloodOx"]

    def recieveFromUsers(self, data):
        self.user_req = data["req"]
        self.select(self.user_req)

    def select(self, req):
        data = ''
        if req == "bloodPressure":
            data = self.bp_id
        elif req == 'pulse':
            data = self.pulse_id
        elif req == 'bloodOx':
            data = self.temp_id
        self.send_select_to_UI(req, data)

    def send_alert_to_UI(self):
        send_data = json.dumps({
            'alert_message': self.msg,
            'bloodPressure': self.bp_id,
            'pulse': self.pulse_id,
            'bloodOx': self.temp_id
        })
        print(send_data)
        return send_data

    def send_select_to_UI(self, req, data):
        send_data = json.dumps({
            req: data
        })
        print(send_data)
        return send_data


def main():
    patient_1 = patient()
    json_dir = os.getcwd()
    with open(json_dir + '/patient.json', 'r') as rawJson:
        data = json.load(rawJson)
        patient_1.recieveFromAlert(data)
        patient_1.send_alert_to_UI()
        rawJson.close()

    with open(json_dir + '/users.json', 'r') as rawJson:
        data = json.load(rawJson)
        patient_1.recieveFromUsers(data)
        rawJson.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: send_alert_to_UI
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.ioloop
from  tornado.web import RequestHandler
import requests
import json

JOKE_URL = "https://official-joke-api.appspot.com/jokes/programming/random"
VALIDATE_KEY = "http://localhost:8080/api/validate?api_key={}"

class MainHandler(RequestHandler):
    async def get(self):
        api_key = self.get_argument("api_key")
        validate_res = requests.get(VALIDATE_KEY.format(api_key), timeout=3)
        if validate_res.status_code == 200:
            validate_res = json.loads(validate_res.content)
            if not validate_res.get("success"):
                self.write({"success": False, "message":"not a valid api_key", "data": {}})
            else:
                res  = requests.get(JOKE_URL, timeout=2)
                if res.status_code == 200:
                    res = json.loads(res.content)
                    self.write({"success": True, "message": "found a random joke for you", "data": res})
                else:
                    self.write({"success": False, "message": "cant fetch joke, this is not a joke ", "data": {}})

def make_app():
    return tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/api/joke", MainHandler),
    ])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        app = make_app()
        app.listen(8081)
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("shutting down server gracefully")
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().stop()
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: get
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

import hashlib

# Implementation of digest authentication
# As description from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest_access_authentication

# Algorithm: MD5
# HA1 = MD5(username:realm:password)
def HA1(username, realm, password):
  msg = "{}:{}:{}".format(username, realm, password)
  md5 = hashlib.md5()
  md5.update(msg)
  return md5.hexdigest()

# QOP: auth
# HA2 = MD5(method:digestURI)
def HA2(method, uri):
  msg = "{}:{}".format(method, uri)
  md5 = hashlib.md5()
  md5.update(msg)
  return md5.hexdigest()

# QOP: auth
# response = MD5(HA1:nonce:nonceCount:cnonce:qop:HA2)
def response(HA1, nonce, nc, cnonce, qop, HA2):
  msg = "{}:{}:{}:{}:{}:{}".format(
    HA1, nonce, nc, cnonce, qop, HA2
  )
  md5 = hashlib.md5()
  md5.update(msg)
  return md5.hexdigest()


if __name__ == "__main__":
  method = "HEAD"
  uri = "/secret/cheese"
  HA2_value = HA2(method, uri)
  
  username = "travis15"
  realm = "Cheese"
  target_response="4b9e38225d22ef3ceaa4b1f230ab1473"
  nonce="HtmwzmaXBQA=cfe89db021040491580c1340cc19d3ba22423d02"
  nc="00000001"
  cnonce="ZjFiMTJhNjJkN2RiOTUxN2UwZTc5YzBkNTQ5ODA3MzE="
  qop="auth"
  with open("passwords.txt", "r") as f:
    for line in f:
      HA1_value = HA1(username, realm, line.strip())
      corr_resp = response(HA1_value, nonce, nc, cnonce, qop, HA2_value)
      if corr_resp == target_response:
        print("password:" + line.strip()) 



```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) HA1
  B) response
  C) HA2
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

import hashlib

# Implementation of digest authentication
# As description from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest_access_authentication

# Algorithm: MD5
# HA1 = MD5(username:realm:password)
def HA1(username, realm, password):
  msg = "{}:{}:{}".format(username, realm, password)
  md5 = hashlib.md5()
  md5.update(msg)
  return md5.hexdigest()

# QOP: auth
# HA2 = MD5(method:digestURI)
def HA2(method, uri):
  msg = "{}:{}".format(method, uri)
  md5 = hashlib.md5()
  md5.update(msg)
  return md5.hexdigest()

# QOP: auth
# response = MD5(HA1:nonce:nonceCount:cnonce:qop:HA2)
def response(HA1, nonce, nc, cnonce, qop, HA2):
  msg = "{}:{}:{}:{}:{}:{}".format(
    HA1, nonce, nc, cnonce, qop, HA2
  )
  md5 = hashlib.md5()
  md5.update(msg)
  return md5.hexdigest()


if __name__ == "__main__":
  method = "HEAD"
  uri = "/secret/cheese"
  HA2_value = HA2(method, uri)
  
  username = "travis15"
  realm = "Cheese"
  target_response="4b9e38225d22ef3ceaa4b1f230ab1473"
  nonce="HtmwzmaXBQA=cfe89db021040491580c1340cc19d3ba22423d02"
  nc="00000001"
  cnonce="ZjFiMTJhNjJkN2RiOTUxN2UwZTc5YzBkNTQ5ODA3MzE="
  qop="auth"
  with open("passwords.txt", "r") as f:
    for line in f:
      HA1_value = HA1(username, realm, line.strip())
      corr_resp = response(HA1_value, nonce, nc, cnonce, qop, HA2_value)
      if corr_resp == target_response:
        print("password:" + line.strip()) 



```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: HA1
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Copyright (C) Jean-Paul Calderone
# See LICENSE for details.

from sys import stdout
from socket import SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, socket

from OpenSSL.crypto import FILETYPE_PEM, load_privatekey, load_certificate
from OpenSSL.SSL import TLSv1_METHOD, Context, Connection


def load(domain):
    crt = open(domain + ".crt")
    key = open(domain + ".key")
    result = (
        load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key.read()),
        load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, crt.read()))
    crt.close()
    key.close()
    return result


def main():
    """
    Run an SNI-enabled server which selects between a few certificates in a
    C{dict} based on the handshake request it receives from a client.
    """
    port = socket()
    port.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    port.bind(('', 8443))
    port.listen(3)

    print 'Accepting...',
    stdout.flush()
    server, addr = port.accept()
    print 'accepted', addr

    server_context = Context(TLSv1_METHOD)
    server_context.set_tlsext_servername_callback(pick_certificate)

    server_ssl = Connection(server_context, server)
    server_ssl.set_accept_state()
    server_ssl.do_handshake()
    server.close()


certificates = {
    "example.invalid": load("example.invalid"),
    "another.invalid": load("another.invalid"),
}


def pick_certificate(connection):
    try:
        key, cert = certificates[connection.get_servername()]
    except KeyError:
        pass
    else:
        new_context = Context(TLSv1_METHOD)
        new_context.use_privatekey(key)
        new_context.use_certificate(cert)
        connection.set_context(new_context)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    raise SystemExit(main())

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  B) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  C) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  D) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Answer: C,E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Author: Abhijith V Mohan"""
import sys
from itertools import islice
from Crypto.Cipher import DES3
from Crypto.Util.strxor import strxor
from time import time
import struct

def ansi_x9_17(V, key):
	'''
	Generator for ansi_x9_17 PRNG

	V: seed. It should be a string of length 8
	key: concat of keys K1 & K2. It should be a string of length 16'''
	des3 = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_ECB)
	while True:
		EDT = des3.encrypt(hex(int(time()*10**6))[-8:])
		R = des3.encrypt(strxor(V, EDT))
		V = des3.encrypt(strxor(R, EDT))
		yield long(struct.unpack('L', R)[0])

def main():
	seed = hex(long(sys.argv[1]))[2:18].zfill(8)
	key = hex(long(sys.argv[2]))[2:18].zfill(16)
	limit = int(sys.argv[3])
	print '\n'.join([str(i) for i in islice(ansi_x9_17(seed, key), limit)])


if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  B) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  C) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  D) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Author: Abhijith V Mohan"""
import sys
from itertools import islice
from Crypto.Cipher import DES3
from Crypto.Util.strxor import strxor
from time import time
import struct

def ansi_x9_17(V, key):
	'''
	Generator for ansi_x9_17 PRNG

	V: seed. It should be a string of length 8
	key: concat of keys K1 & K2. It should be a string of length 16'''
	des3 = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_ECB)
	while True:
		EDT = des3.encrypt(hex(int(time()*10**6))[-8:])
		R = des3.encrypt(strxor(V, EDT))
		V = des3.encrypt(strxor(R, EDT))
		yield long(struct.unpack('L', R)[0])

def main():
	seed = hex(long(sys.argv[1]))[2:18].zfill(8)
	key = hex(long(sys.argv[2]))[2:18].zfill(16)
	limit = int(sys.argv[3])
	print '\n'.join([str(i) for i in islice(ansi_x9_17(seed, key), limit)])


if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: ansi_x9_17
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from msimb import db
from os import urandom
from hashlib import sha256
from base64 import b64encode
from flask.ext.login import UserMixin


def generate_salt():
    rand_bytes = urandom(256)
    return b64encode(rand_bytes).decode('utf-8')

def hash_password(password, salt):
    return sha256('{}{}'.format(salt, password).encode()).hexdigest()

class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(), nullable=False)
    salt = db.Column(db.String(), nullable=False)
    pw_hash = db.Column(db.String(), nullable=False)

    def __init__(self, username, password):
        self.username = username
        self.salt = generate_salt()
        self.pw_hash = hash_password(password, self.salt)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.username

    def get_id(self):
        return str(self.id)

    def validate(self, password):
        return self.pw_hash == hash_password(password, self.salt)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  C) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  D) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  E) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from msimb import db
from os import urandom
from hashlib import sha256
from base64 import b64encode
from flask.ext.login import UserMixin


def generate_salt():
    rand_bytes = urandom(256)
    return b64encode(rand_bytes).decode('utf-8')

def hash_password(password, salt):
    return sha256('{}{}'.format(salt, password).encode()).hexdigest()

class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(), nullable=False)
    salt = db.Column(db.String(), nullable=False)
    pw_hash = db.Column(db.String(), nullable=False)

    def __init__(self, username, password):
        self.username = username
        self.salt = generate_salt()
        self.pw_hash = hash_password(password, self.salt)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.username

    def get_id(self):
        return str(self.id)

    def validate(self, password):
        return self.pw_hash == hash_password(password, self.salt)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) User
  B) hash_password
  C) generate_salt
  D) __repr__
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from msimb import db
from os import urandom
from hashlib import sha256
from base64 import b64encode
from flask.ext.login import UserMixin


def generate_salt():
    rand_bytes = urandom(256)
    return b64encode(rand_bytes).decode('utf-8')

def hash_password(password, salt):
    return sha256('{}{}'.format(salt, password).encode()).hexdigest()

class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(), nullable=False)
    salt = db.Column(db.String(), nullable=False)
    pw_hash = db.Column(db.String(), nullable=False)

    def __init__(self, username, password):
        self.username = username
        self.salt = generate_salt()
        self.pw_hash = hash_password(password, self.salt)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.username

    def get_id(self):
        return str(self.id)

    def validate(self, password):
        return self.pw_hash == hash_password(password, self.salt)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: hash_password
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
from flask import render_template, redirect, flash, url_for, request
from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
from app import app, db, img
from flask_login import current_user, login_user, logout_user, login_required
from app.forms import LoginForm, RegistrationForm, UploadForm
from app.models import User, Post

@app.route("/")
def index():
    posts = Post.query.order_by(Post.timestamp.desc()).limit(5).all()
    return render_template("index.html", posts=posts)

@app.route("/upload", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def upload():
    form = UploadForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        filename = img.save(form.file.data)
        file_url = img.url(filename)
        post = Post(title=form.title.data, body=form.body.data, image=file_url, user_id = current_user.id )
        db.session.add(post)
        db.session.commit()
    else:
        file_url = ''

    return render_template("upload.html", form=form, file_url=file_url)

@app.route("/about")
def about():
    return render_template("about.html")

@app.route("/login", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
        if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
            flash('Invalid username or password')
            return redirect(url_for('login'))
        login_user(user, remember=form.remember_me.data)
        next_page = request.args.get('next')
        if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
            next_page = url_for('index')
        return redirect(next_page)
    return render_template("login.html", form=form)

@app.route("/logout")
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

@app.route("/register", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(username=form.username.data, email=form.email.data)
        user.set_password(form.password.data)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Congratulations, you are now a registered user!')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    return render_template('register.html', form=form)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) upload
  B) login
  C) logout
  D) about
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
from flask import render_template, redirect, flash, url_for, request
from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
from app import app, db, img
from flask_login import current_user, login_user, logout_user, login_required
from app.forms import LoginForm, RegistrationForm, UploadForm
from app.models import User, Post

@app.route("/")
def index():
    posts = Post.query.order_by(Post.timestamp.desc()).limit(5).all()
    return render_template("index.html", posts=posts)

@app.route("/upload", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def upload():
    form = UploadForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        filename = img.save(form.file.data)
        file_url = img.url(filename)
        post = Post(title=form.title.data, body=form.body.data, image=file_url, user_id = current_user.id )
        db.session.add(post)
        db.session.commit()
    else:
        file_url = ''

    return render_template("upload.html", form=form, file_url=file_url)

@app.route("/about")
def about():
    return render_template("about.html")

@app.route("/login", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
        if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
            flash('Invalid username or password')
            return redirect(url_for('login'))
        login_user(user, remember=form.remember_me.data)
        next_page = request.args.get('next')
        if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
            next_page = url_for('index')
        return redirect(next_page)
    return render_template("login.html", form=form)

@app.route("/logout")
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

@app.route("/register", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(username=form.username.data, email=form.email.data)
        user.set_password(form.password.data)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Congratulations, you are now a registered user!')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    return render_template('register.html', form=form)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views.generic import View
from .models import User
from .forms import MessageBoardForm,MyForm,RegisterForm
# Create your views here.


class IndexView(View):
    #将表单映射到模板上
    def get(self,request):
        form = MessageBoardForm()
        return render(request,'index.html',context={"form":form})
    def post(selfr,request):
        form = MessageBoardForm(request.POST)
        #查看输入是否符合要求
        if form.is_valid():
            title = form.cleaned_data.get('title')
            content = form.cleaned_data.get('content')
            email = form.cleaned_data.get('email')
            reply = form.cleaned_data.get('reply')
            print("="*60)
            print(title)
            print(content)
            print(email)
            print(reply)
            print("="*60)
            return HttpResponse('success')
        else:
            print(form.errors.get_json_data())
            return HttpResponse('fail')

class MyView(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return render(request,'register.html')
    def post(self,request):
        form  = MyForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            email = form.cleaned_data.get('email')
            price = form.cleaned_data.get('price')
            personal_website = form.cleaned_data.get('personal_website')
            telephone = form.cleaned_data.get('telephone')
            print(email,price,personal_website,telephone)
            return HttpResponse('OK')
        else:
            print(form.errors.get_json_data())
            return HttpResponse('fail')

class SignupView(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return render(request,'signup.html')
    def post(self,request):
        form  = RegisterForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')
            telephone = form.cleaned_data.get('telephone')
            password1 = form.cleaned_data.get('password1')
            User.objects.create(username=username,password=password1,telephone=telephone)
            return HttpResponse('OK')
        else:
            # print(form.errors.get_json_data())
            print(form.get_errors())
            return HttpResponse('fail')
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) get
  B) MyView
  C) IndexView
  D) post
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

#This is home endpoint
@app.route('/')

def home():
    return "Hello World Abinash"

#This is login endpoint
@app.route('/login')
def login():
    return "This is Login page."

#This is contact endpoint
@app.route('/contact')
def contact():
    return "This is Contact page."

#This is test endpoint
@app.route("/test/<string:value>")
def test(value):
    return f"This is Test page{value}"


if(__name__) == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, port=8000)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  D) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  E) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  F) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Answer: C,F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

#This is home endpoint
@app.route('/')

def home():
    return "Hello World Abinash"

#This is login endpoint
@app.route('/login')
def login():
    return "This is Login page."

#This is contact endpoint
@app.route('/contact')
def contact():
    return "This is Contact page."

#This is test endpoint
@app.route("/test/<string:value>")
def test(value):
    return f"This is Test page{value}"


if(__name__) == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, port=8000)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: test
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os.path
import shutil
import tarfile
import tempfile

from .base import Command
from ..npm import Client


class Install(Command):
    """Download and install the vendored packages and their dependencies."""

    def add_arguments(self, parser):
        super().add_arguments(parser)
        parser.add_argument('-y', '--yes', action='store_true', default=False,
                            dest='ignore', help="Ignore all prompts.")

    def handle(self, options):
        config = self.get_config(options)
        client = Client(config.metadata_dir, config.registry)

        if not options.ignore:
            print(f'Proceeding may erase files in {config.location_dir}.')
            confirm = input('Are you sure you want to do this? [y/N] ')
            if confirm.lower() in ['', 'n', 'no']:
                return

        # Get pacakge metadata
        for package in config.packages:
            client.get_metadata(package['package'])

        # Download archives and checksum against lockfile
        for package in config.packages:
            archive = client.get_archive(package['package'], package['version'])
            if not client.checksum(archive, package['shasum']):
                package, version = package['package'], package['version']
                raise RuntimeError(f"Checksum failure for {package}@{version}. "
                                   f"Archive and lockfile shasums do not match. ")

        # Clear existing directories in install location and untar the archives
        os.makedirs(config.location_dir, exist_ok=True)
        for package in config.packages:
            archive = client.get_archive(package['package'], package['version'])
            install = os.path.join(config.location_dir, package['package'])

            with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as unpack:
                with tarfile.open(archive, 'r:gz') as tar:
                    tar.extractall(unpack)

                if os.path.exists(install):
                    shutil.rmtree(install)
                shutil.move(os.path.join(unpack, 'package'), install)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) add_arguments
  B) Install
  C) handle
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os.path
import shutil
import tarfile
import tempfile

from .base import Command
from ..npm import Client


class Install(Command):
    """Download and install the vendored packages and their dependencies."""

    def add_arguments(self, parser):
        super().add_arguments(parser)
        parser.add_argument('-y', '--yes', action='store_true', default=False,
                            dest='ignore', help="Ignore all prompts.")

    def handle(self, options):
        config = self.get_config(options)
        client = Client(config.metadata_dir, config.registry)

        if not options.ignore:
            print(f'Proceeding may erase files in {config.location_dir}.')
            confirm = input('Are you sure you want to do this? [y/N] ')
            if confirm.lower() in ['', 'n', 'no']:
                return

        # Get pacakge metadata
        for package in config.packages:
            client.get_metadata(package['package'])

        # Download archives and checksum against lockfile
        for package in config.packages:
            archive = client.get_archive(package['package'], package['version'])
            if not client.checksum(archive, package['shasum']):
                package, version = package['package'], package['version']
                raise RuntimeError(f"Checksum failure for {package}@{version}. "
                                   f"Archive and lockfile shasums do not match. ")

        # Clear existing directories in install location and untar the archives
        os.makedirs(config.location_dir, exist_ok=True)
        for package in config.packages:
            archive = client.get_archive(package['package'], package['version'])
            install = os.path.join(config.location_dir, package['package'])

            with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as unpack:
                with tarfile.open(archive, 'r:gz') as tar:
                    tar.extractall(unpack)

                if os.path.exists(install):
                    shutil.rmtree(install)
                shutil.move(os.path.join(unpack, 'package'), install)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: handle
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""this file contains code for accepting POST request and parse json values then call usecase methods"""
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from .usecase import *


class check(APIView):
    
    def post(self, request, format=None):
        """
        Accepts user request , and calls use_case_one function to run query
        """
        try:
            groupby=tuple(x+"_field" for x in request.data['brockendownby'].split(','))
            sortby=request.data['sortby']
            if request.data['sortby']!='CPI':
                sortby=sortby +"_field"
            
            if request.data['sortorder'].lower() == "descending":           
                sortby="-"+sortby

            if request.data['usecase'] =="1":                
                date=request.data['occuredbefore']           
                output_entries=use_case_one(groupby,date,sortby)

            elif request.data['usecase'] =="2":
                os=request.data['os']
                revenuemonth=request.data['revenuemonth']
                datefrom="01-"+revenuemonth
                dateto="31-"+revenuemonth
                output_entries=use_case_two(groupby,datefrom,dateto,os,sortby)

            elif request.data['usecase'] =="3":
                revenuedate=request.data['revenuedate']
                country=request.data['country']            
                output_entries=use_case_three(groupby,revenuedate,country,sortby) 

            elif request.data['usecase'] =="4":  
                country=request.data['country']            
                output_entries=use_case_four(groupby,country,sortby)

            else:  return Response({"Message":"No use case found"},status=400)

            return Response(output_entries)

        except Exception as e:
            return Response({"Message":"Error Occured while processing your request. This information might be helpfull"+str(e)},status=500)


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) check
  B) post
Answer: B