OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os

from app import app
from flask import request
from flask import jsonify
from app.main.conf import conf_data
from app.utils.myencrypt import create_key, verify_key
from app.main.file_upload_down import DownRemoteFile, UpDownFile
from flask import send_file, send_from_directory
from app import work_log

@app.route("/api/v2/downfile/<file_name>", methods=["GET"])
def v2_downfile(file_name):
    '''从服务器自身的临时目录下载文件'''
    work_log.debug("---------------")
    work_log.debug(str(request.path))
    work_log.info("request host interface ip: %s" % (request.remote_addr))

    if request.method == "GET":
        tmp_dir = conf_data("work_tmp_dir")
        return send_from_directory(tmp_dir, file_name, as_attachment=True)


@app.route("/api/v2/downfile", methods=["POST"])
def v2_down():
    '''原理：从指定服务器上下载文件到临时目录，再返回一个文件的get下载路径'''
    work_log.debug("---------------")
    work_log.debug(str(request.path))
    work_log.info("request host interface ip: %s" % (request.remote_addr))

    try:
        key = request.json.get("key")
        if not verify_key(key) and request.json.get("obj") != "file":
            work_log.error("req verify_key or obj error")
            return "", 404
    except Exception as e:
        work_log.error(str(e))
        work_log.error("req verify_key or obj error")
        return "", 404

    info = DownRemoteFile(request.json.get("content"))
    data = info.down()
    return jsonify(data)


@app.route("/api/v2/upload", methods=["POST"])
def v2_upload():
    work_log.debug(str(request.path))
    work_log.info("request host interface ip: %s" % (request.remote_addr))

    try:
        file = request.files["file"]
        ip = request.form["ip"]
        destdir = request.form["dir"]
        user = request.form["user"]
        if not ip or not destdir:
            return "", 404

        work_log.info(
            f"upload file, ip: {ip}, filename: {file.filename}, dest: {destdir}, user: {user}"
        )
        tmp_dir = conf_data("work_tmp_dir")
        local_tmp = os.path.join(tmp_dir, file.filename)
        dest = os.path.join(destdir, file.filename)
        file.save(local_tmp)  # 保存临时文件

        info = UpDownFile(ip, user)
        data = info.upload(local_tmp, dest)
        os.remove(local_tmp)  # 删除临时文件
        return jsonify(data)

    except Exception as e:
        work_log.error("upload file run error")
        work_log.error(str(e))
        return jsonify({"recode": 9, "redata": str(e)})
    else:
        return "", 200

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) v2_downfile
  B) v2_upload
  C) v2_down
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os

from app import app
from flask import request
from flask import jsonify
from app.main.conf import conf_data
from app.utils.myencrypt import create_key, verify_key
from app.main.file_upload_down import DownRemoteFile, UpDownFile
from flask import send_file, send_from_directory
from app import work_log

@app.route("/api/v2/downfile/<file_name>", methods=["GET"])
def v2_downfile(file_name):
    '''从服务器自身的临时目录下载文件'''
    work_log.debug("---------------")
    work_log.debug(str(request.path))
    work_log.info("request host interface ip: %s" % (request.remote_addr))

    if request.method == "GET":
        tmp_dir = conf_data("work_tmp_dir")
        return send_from_directory(tmp_dir, file_name, as_attachment=True)


@app.route("/api/v2/downfile", methods=["POST"])
def v2_down():
    '''原理：从指定服务器上下载文件到临时目录，再返回一个文件的get下载路径'''
    work_log.debug("---------------")
    work_log.debug(str(request.path))
    work_log.info("request host interface ip: %s" % (request.remote_addr))

    try:
        key = request.json.get("key")
        if not verify_key(key) and request.json.get("obj") != "file":
            work_log.error("req verify_key or obj error")
            return "", 404
    except Exception as e:
        work_log.error(str(e))
        work_log.error("req verify_key or obj error")
        return "", 404

    info = DownRemoteFile(request.json.get("content"))
    data = info.down()
    return jsonify(data)


@app.route("/api/v2/upload", methods=["POST"])
def v2_upload():
    work_log.debug(str(request.path))
    work_log.info("request host interface ip: %s" % (request.remote_addr))

    try:
        file = request.files["file"]
        ip = request.form["ip"]
        destdir = request.form["dir"]
        user = request.form["user"]
        if not ip or not destdir:
            return "", 404

        work_log.info(
            f"upload file, ip: {ip}, filename: {file.filename}, dest: {destdir}, user: {user}"
        )
        tmp_dir = conf_data("work_tmp_dir")
        local_tmp = os.path.join(tmp_dir, file.filename)
        dest = os.path.join(destdir, file.filename)
        file.save(local_tmp)  # 保存临时文件

        info = UpDownFile(ip, user)
        data = info.upload(local_tmp, dest)
        os.remove(local_tmp)  # 删除临时文件
        return jsonify(data)

    except Exception as e:
        work_log.error("upload file run error")
        work_log.error(str(e))
        return jsonify({"recode": 9, "redata": str(e)})
    else:
        return "", 200

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: v2_upload
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.websocket as ws
import uuid
import logging
import threading
from tornado.httpclient import HTTPClient
import time
import asyncio

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

class WebSocket(ws.WebSocketHandler):
    
    clients = {}

    def __init__(self, application, request, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(application, request, *args, **kwargs)
        self.uuid = None
        thread = threading.Thread(target=self.send_update)
        thread.start()
    
    def open(self):

        self.uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
        logging.info(f"New client connected with uuid {self.uuid}")
        self.add_client()
        self.write_message("You are connected")
        self.write_message(f"uuid: {self.uuid}")
        
    def on_message(self, message):

        logging.info(f"New message from {self.uuid} : {message}")
        self.write_message(f"You said {message}")
    
    def on_close(self):
        self.remove_client()
        logging.info("Connection is closed")
    
    def check_origin(self, origin):
        return True

    def add_client(self):
        self.clients[self.uuid] = {"obj": self, "query": None}

    def remove_client(self):
        self.clients.pop(self.uuid, None)

    @classmethod
    def update_client(cls, uuid, lat, lon):
        try:
            obj = cls.clients[uuid]
            obj["query"] = (lat, lon)
        except Exception as ex:
            print(ex)
            pass
    
    def send_update(self):
        asyncio.set_event_loop(asyncio.new_event_loop())
        while True:
            for uuid, value in self.clients.items():
                if value['query']:
                    lat, lon = value['query']
                    http_client = HTTPClient()
                    response = http_client.fetch(f"http://localhost:4041/lat-lon/{lat}/{lon}", validate_cert=False)
                    value['obj'].write_message(response.body)
            time.sleep(10)


        
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  B) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  C) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  D) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  E) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.websocket as ws
import uuid
import logging
import threading
from tornado.httpclient import HTTPClient
import time
import asyncio

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

class WebSocket(ws.WebSocketHandler):
    
    clients = {}

    def __init__(self, application, request, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(application, request, *args, **kwargs)
        self.uuid = None
        thread = threading.Thread(target=self.send_update)
        thread.start()
    
    def open(self):

        self.uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
        logging.info(f"New client connected with uuid {self.uuid}")
        self.add_client()
        self.write_message("You are connected")
        self.write_message(f"uuid: {self.uuid}")
        
    def on_message(self, message):

        logging.info(f"New message from {self.uuid} : {message}")
        self.write_message(f"You said {message}")
    
    def on_close(self):
        self.remove_client()
        logging.info("Connection is closed")
    
    def check_origin(self, origin):
        return True

    def add_client(self):
        self.clients[self.uuid] = {"obj": self, "query": None}

    def remove_client(self):
        self.clients.pop(self.uuid, None)

    @classmethod
    def update_client(cls, uuid, lat, lon):
        try:
            obj = cls.clients[uuid]
            obj["query"] = (lat, lon)
        except Exception as ex:
            print(ex)
            pass
    
    def send_update(self):
        asyncio.set_event_loop(asyncio.new_event_loop())
        while True:
            for uuid, value in self.clients.items():
                if value['query']:
                    lat, lon = value['query']
                    http_client = HTTPClient()
                    response = http_client.fetch(f"http://localhost:4041/lat-lon/{lat}/{lon}", validate_cert=False)
                    value['obj'].write_message(response.body)
            time.sleep(10)


        
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability?

  A) on_close
  B) check_origin
  C) on_message
  D) add_client
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.websocket as ws
import uuid
import logging
import threading
from tornado.httpclient import HTTPClient
import time
import asyncio

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

class WebSocket(ws.WebSocketHandler):
    
    clients = {}

    def __init__(self, application, request, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(application, request, *args, **kwargs)
        self.uuid = None
        thread = threading.Thread(target=self.send_update)
        thread.start()
    
    def open(self):

        self.uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
        logging.info(f"New client connected with uuid {self.uuid}")
        self.add_client()
        self.write_message("You are connected")
        self.write_message(f"uuid: {self.uuid}")
        
    def on_message(self, message):

        logging.info(f"New message from {self.uuid} : {message}")
        self.write_message(f"You said {message}")
    
    def on_close(self):
        self.remove_client()
        logging.info("Connection is closed")
    
    def check_origin(self, origin):
        return True

    def add_client(self):
        self.clients[self.uuid] = {"obj": self, "query": None}

    def remove_client(self):
        self.clients.pop(self.uuid, None)

    @classmethod
    def update_client(cls, uuid, lat, lon):
        try:
            obj = cls.clients[uuid]
            obj["query"] = (lat, lon)
        except Exception as ex:
            print(ex)
            pass
    
    def send_update(self):
        asyncio.set_event_loop(asyncio.new_event_loop())
        while True:
            for uuid, value in self.clients.items():
                if value['query']:
                    lat, lon = value['query']
                    http_client = HTTPClient()
                    response = http_client.fetch(f"http://localhost:4041/lat-lon/{lat}/{lon}", validate_cert=False)
                    value['obj'].write_message(response.body)
            time.sleep(10)


        
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability.
Answer: on_message
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from random import sample
from urllib.parse import urljoin

import click
import requests

from .settings import API_KEY, SOURCES, TOP_HEAD

SOURCE_URL = urljoin(SOURCES, '?apiKey={}'.format(API_KEY))

# TODO: Try a deliberate failure to see how the remote API responds
# so that your code knows how to catch those exceptions properly,

sources = requests.get(SOURCE_URL)
if sources.ok:
    source_list = [source['name'] for source in sources.json()['sources']]
    full_sources_list = {
        source['name']: source['id'] for source in sources.json()['sources']
    }

    rand_list = sample(source_list, 4)


@click.command()
def get_news_items():
    """
    This is a script that takes in a choice from you
    our wonderful user and returns the top 10 news
    headlines of the day to you from your source
    of choice.

    choice: A string that should match the names of the sources
    shown on the screen.

    If not, you'll probably get an
    error of some sort. Ideally 'Invalid Choice' but
    you may get something more strange.

    The returned information will contain
    the title, description and link of said headline.
    This shall allow you to follow up on the story
    should you wish to.
    """
    choice = click.prompt(
        'Enter a valid news source from the list shown',
        type=click.Choice(rand_list)
    )

    if choice in rand_list:
        source_id = full_sources_list[choice]

        top_headlines = urljoin(
            TOP_HEAD, '?sources={}&apiKey={}'.format(source_id, API_KEY)
        )

        resp = requests.get(top_headlines).json()

        for news_item in resp['articles']:
            print({
                'title': news_item['title'],
                'description': news_item['description'],
                'url': news_item['url']
            })
    else:
        return 'Invalid Choice'

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  B) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  C) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  F) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Purchases API views
"""
import jwt
from rest_framework import viewsets, generics, status
from rest_framework.response import Response
from ..models import ArtisanProduction, PurchaseOrderDelivery
from .serializers import (ArtisanProductionSerializer,
                          PurchaseOrderDeliverySerializer, ValidateSerializer)


class ArtisanProductionView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """Return artisan productions"""
    queryset = ArtisanProduction.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArtisanProductionSerializer


class PurchaseOrderDeliveryView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """Return purchase order deliveries"""
    queryset = PurchaseOrderDelivery.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PurchaseOrderDeliverySerializer


class SignedDeliveryView(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
    """Return digitally signed purchase order delivery"""
    queryset = PurchaseOrderDelivery.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PurchaseOrderDeliverySerializer

    def get_object(self, id):
        return PurchaseOrderDelivery.objects.filter(pk=id).first()

    def get(self, request, id):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(self.get_object(id))
        encoded = jwt.encode(serializer.data, 'SECRET', algorithm='HS256')
        return Response({'id': id, 'signed': encoded})


class ValidateSignedView(generics.CreateAPIView):
    """Validate signed objects"""
    serializer_class = ValidateSerializer

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = ValidateSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            try:
                signed = bytes(serializer.data['signed'], 'utf-8')
                jwt.decode(signed, 'SECRET', algorithms='HS256')
                return Response(serializer.data,
                                status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
            except jwt.InvalidSignatureError as error:
                return Response({'error': str(error)},
                                status=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) get
  B) ValidateSignedView
  C) PurchaseOrderDeliveryView
  D) post
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Purchases API views
"""
import jwt
from rest_framework import viewsets, generics, status
from rest_framework.response import Response
from ..models import ArtisanProduction, PurchaseOrderDelivery
from .serializers import (ArtisanProductionSerializer,
                          PurchaseOrderDeliverySerializer, ValidateSerializer)


class ArtisanProductionView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """Return artisan productions"""
    queryset = ArtisanProduction.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArtisanProductionSerializer


class PurchaseOrderDeliveryView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """Return purchase order deliveries"""
    queryset = PurchaseOrderDelivery.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PurchaseOrderDeliverySerializer


class SignedDeliveryView(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
    """Return digitally signed purchase order delivery"""
    queryset = PurchaseOrderDelivery.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PurchaseOrderDeliverySerializer

    def get_object(self, id):
        return PurchaseOrderDelivery.objects.filter(pk=id).first()

    def get(self, request, id):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(self.get_object(id))
        encoded = jwt.encode(serializer.data, 'SECRET', algorithm='HS256')
        return Response({'id': id, 'signed': encoded})


class ValidateSignedView(generics.CreateAPIView):
    """Validate signed objects"""
    serializer_class = ValidateSerializer

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = ValidateSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            try:
                signed = bytes(serializer.data['signed'], 'utf-8')
                jwt.decode(signed, 'SECRET', algorithms='HS256')
                return Response(serializer.data,
                                status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
            except jwt.InvalidSignatureError as error:
                return Response({'error': str(error)},
                                status=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: post
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re


class Case:
    _CHECK_CAMEL_REGEX = re.compile(r"^([a-zA-Z]).([0-9a-zA-Z])*$")
    _CHECK_SNAKE_REGEX = re.compile(r"((^|_+)[a-z0-9]*)*$")
    _CHECK_KEBAB_REGEX = re.compile(r"((^|-+)[a-z0-9]*)*$")
    _CHECK_WORDS_REGEX = re.compile(r"[0-9a-zA-Z\u0020]", re.UNICODE)
    _SUB_CAMEL_REGEX = re.compile(r"((?<=[a-z0-9])[A-Z]|(?!^)[A-Z](?=[a-z]))")

    @staticmethod
    def is_camel(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return bool(Case._CHECK_CAMEL_REGEX.match(text))

    @staticmethod
    def is_snake(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return bool(Case._CHECK_SNAKE_REGEX.match(text))

    @staticmethod
    def is_kebab(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return bool(Case._CHECK_KEBAB_REGEX.match(text))

    @staticmethod
    def are_words(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return bool(Case._CHECK_WORDS_REGEX.match(text))

    @staticmethod
    def to_camel(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        tmp = ''.join(w for w in text.title() if w.isalnum())
        return tmp[0].lower() + tmp[1:]

    @staticmethod
    def to_snake(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        tmp = Case.to_camel(text)
        return Case._SUB_CAMEL_REGEX.sub(r"_\1", tmp).lower()

    @staticmethod
    def to_kebab(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return Case.to_snake(text).replace('_', '-')

    @staticmethod
    def to_words(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return Case.to_snake(text).replace('_', ' ')

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  F) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re


class Case:
    _CHECK_CAMEL_REGEX = re.compile(r"^([a-zA-Z]).([0-9a-zA-Z])*$")
    _CHECK_SNAKE_REGEX = re.compile(r"((^|_+)[a-z0-9]*)*$")
    _CHECK_KEBAB_REGEX = re.compile(r"((^|-+)[a-z0-9]*)*$")
    _CHECK_WORDS_REGEX = re.compile(r"[0-9a-zA-Z\u0020]", re.UNICODE)
    _SUB_CAMEL_REGEX = re.compile(r"((?<=[a-z0-9])[A-Z]|(?!^)[A-Z](?=[a-z]))")

    @staticmethod
    def is_camel(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return bool(Case._CHECK_CAMEL_REGEX.match(text))

    @staticmethod
    def is_snake(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return bool(Case._CHECK_SNAKE_REGEX.match(text))

    @staticmethod
    def is_kebab(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return bool(Case._CHECK_KEBAB_REGEX.match(text))

    @staticmethod
    def are_words(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return bool(Case._CHECK_WORDS_REGEX.match(text))

    @staticmethod
    def to_camel(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        tmp = ''.join(w for w in text.title() if w.isalnum())
        return tmp[0].lower() + tmp[1:]

    @staticmethod
    def to_snake(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        tmp = Case.to_camel(text)
        return Case._SUB_CAMEL_REGEX.sub(r"_\1", tmp).lower()

    @staticmethod
    def to_kebab(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return Case.to_snake(text).replace('_', '-')

    @staticmethod
    def to_words(text: str):
        """

        :param text:
        :return:
        """
        return Case.to_snake(text).replace('_', ' ')

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity` vulnerability.
Answer: Case
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import hashlib
import time
from app import load_app_config


def get_user_info_hash(user_name, password):
    md5_secrethash = hashlib.md5()
    md5_secrethash.update(password + user_name)
    secrect_hash = md5_secrethash.hexdigest()

    md5_userhash = hashlib.md5()
    md5_userhash.update(load_app_config().SALT_STRING + user_name)
    user_hash = md5_userhash.hexdigest()

    return secrect_hash, user_hash


def gen_session_id_for_user(user_name):
    return hashlib.sha256("{}:{}".format(
        str(time.time()),
        user_name
    )).hexdigest()


def is_admin(user_id):
    return user_id == 1


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    print get_user_info_hash(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) gen_session_id_for_user
  B) get_user_info_hash
  C) is_admin
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import time
import os
from flask import Flask, render_template, request
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
from affluence_counter import AffluenceCounter

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html', error=False)

@app.route('/process_video',methods=["POST"])
def process_video():
    try:
        f = request.files['file']
        f.save(secure_filename(f.filename))
        app = AffluenceCounter(f.filename)
        count_enter, count_not, time_process = app.process_video()
        results = {
            "video": f.filename,
            "enter": count_enter,
            "noenter": count_not,
            "time": round(time_process/60., 2)
        }
        os.remove(f.filename)

        return render_template('results.html', results=results)

    except:

        return render_template('index.html', error=True)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  B) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  C) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  D) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  F) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
Answer: B,C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import time
import os
from flask import Flask, render_template, request
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
from affluence_counter import AffluenceCounter

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html', error=False)

@app.route('/process_video',methods=["POST"])
def process_video():
    try:
        f = request.files['file']
        f.save(secure_filename(f.filename))
        app = AffluenceCounter(f.filename)
        count_enter, count_not, time_process = app.process_video()
        results = {
            "video": f.filename,
            "enter": count_enter,
            "noenter": count_not,
            "time": round(time_process/60., 2)
        }
        os.remove(f.filename)

        return render_template('results.html', results=results)

    except:

        return render_template('index.html', error=True)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: process_video
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import requests
import tempfile
import base64

from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from flask import jsonify
from flask import render_template

# --- Objects
app = Flask(__name__)

# --- API routes
@app.route("/predict-house", methods=["POST"])
def predict_house():
    body = { 'rm': request.form["ruangan"] }
    result = requests.post("http://localhost:3001/predict", data=body)

    response = result.json()
    return render_template('hasil.html', hasil=response["predicted"])
    

@app.route("/predict-animals", methods=["POST"])
def predict_animals():
    file = request.files["file"]
    save_path = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), file.filename)
    file.save(save_path)

    body = { 'file': ('image.jpg', open(save_path, 'rb')) }
    result = requests.post("http://localhost:3002/predict", files=body)

    with open(save_path, "rb") as img_file:
        image_data = "data:image/jpg;base64," + base64.b64encode(img_file.read()).decode('utf-8')

    response = result.json()
    return render_template('hasil.html', hasil=response["predicted"], img=image_data)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template('home.html')


# --- App entry point
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, port=5000)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: predict_animals
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Copyright (c) 2019, Anders Lervik.
# Distributed under the MIT License. See LICENSE for more info.
"""Add a Easy-Button to a folium map."""
from branca.element import CssLink, Figure, MacroElement, JavascriptLink
from jinja2 import Template


JSURL = (
    'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/'
    'leaflet-easybutton@2/src/easy-button.js'
)


CSSURL = (
    'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/'
    'leaflet-easybutton@2/src/easy-button.css'
)


class EasyButton(MacroElement):
    """Add a EasyButton to a Leaflet map. This button will just open a url."""

    _template = Template("""
        {% macro script(this,kwargs) %}
        L.easyButton("{{this.icon}}", function(btn, map){
          window.open("{{this.url}}", "_self");
        }).addTo({{this._parent.get_name()}});
        {% endmacro %}
        """)

    def __init__(self, icon, url):
        """Set up the button."""
        super().__init__()
        self._name = 'EasyButton'
        self.icon = icon
        self.url = url

    def render(self, **kwargs):
        """Render the button."""
        super().render(**kwargs)

        figure = self.get_root()
        assert isinstance(figure, Figure), ('You cannot render this Element '
                                            'if it is not in a Figure.')
        figure.header.add_child(
            CssLink(CSSURL),  # noqa
            name='easybuttoncss'
        )

        figure.header.add_child(
            JavascriptLink(JSURL),  # noqa
            name='easyButton'
        )

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) render
  B) EasyButton
  C) __init__
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Copyright (c) 2019, Anders Lervik.
# Distributed under the MIT License. See LICENSE for more info.
"""Add a Easy-Button to a folium map."""
from branca.element import CssLink, Figure, MacroElement, JavascriptLink
from jinja2 import Template


JSURL = (
    'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/'
    'leaflet-easybutton@2/src/easy-button.js'
)


CSSURL = (
    'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/'
    'leaflet-easybutton@2/src/easy-button.css'
)


class EasyButton(MacroElement):
    """Add a EasyButton to a Leaflet map. This button will just open a url."""

    _template = Template("""
        {% macro script(this,kwargs) %}
        L.easyButton("{{this.icon}}", function(btn, map){
          window.open("{{this.url}}", "_self");
        }).addTo({{this._parent.get_name()}});
        {% endmacro %}
        """)

    def __init__(self, icon, url):
        """Set up the button."""
        super().__init__()
        self._name = 'EasyButton'
        self.icon = icon
        self.url = url

    def render(self, **kwargs):
        """Render the button."""
        super().render(**kwargs)

        figure = self.get_root()
        assert isinstance(figure, Figure), ('You cannot render this Element '
                                            'if it is not in a Figure.')
        figure.header.add_child(
            CssLink(CSSURL),  # noqa
            name='easybuttoncss'
        )

        figure.header.add_child(
            JavascriptLink(JSURL),  # noqa
            name='easyButton'
        )

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: EasyButton
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

"""

    Exports the exercises blueprint. 
    Currently all this does is embed the 
    already existing external exercises web app
    as an iframe    
     
"""

from functools import wraps

import flask

from zeeguu.model.user import User

# we define the blueprint here, and extended it in several files
exercises = flask.Blueprint("exercises", __name__)


@exercises.before_request
def setup():
    if "user_id" in flask.session:
        flask.g.user = User.query.get(flask.session["user_id"])
    else:
        flask.g.user = None


def login_first(fun):
    """
    Function Wrapper 

    Makes sure that the user is logged_in.
    If not, appends the intended url to the login url,
    and redirects to login.
    """

    @wraps(fun)
    def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs):
        if "user_id" in flask.session:
            flask.g.user = User.query.get(flask.session["user_id"])
        else:
            flask.g.user = None

        if flask.g.user:
            return fun(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            next_url = flask.request.url
            login_url = '%s?next=%s' % (flask.url_for('account.login'), next_url)
            return flask.redirect(login_url)

    return decorated_function

from . import endpoints

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  C) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

"""

    Exports the exercises blueprint. 
    Currently all this does is embed the 
    already existing external exercises web app
    as an iframe    
     
"""

from functools import wraps

import flask

from zeeguu.model.user import User

# we define the blueprint here, and extended it in several files
exercises = flask.Blueprint("exercises", __name__)


@exercises.before_request
def setup():
    if "user_id" in flask.session:
        flask.g.user = User.query.get(flask.session["user_id"])
    else:
        flask.g.user = None


def login_first(fun):
    """
    Function Wrapper 

    Makes sure that the user is logged_in.
    If not, appends the intended url to the login url,
    and redirects to login.
    """

    @wraps(fun)
    def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs):
        if "user_id" in flask.session:
            flask.g.user = User.query.get(flask.session["user_id"])
        else:
            flask.g.user = None

        if flask.g.user:
            return fun(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            next_url = flask.request.url
            login_url = '%s?next=%s' % (flask.url_for('account.login'), next_url)
            return flask.redirect(login_url)

    return decorated_function

from . import endpoints

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: decorated_function
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import bleach
import evelink
import markdown
import arrow
from mumble.exceptions import InvalidCorporationError, InvalidAllianceError
from mumble.models import redis
from six import iteritems


try:
    from urlparse import urlparse, urljoin
except ImportError:
    from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin
from flask import request, redirect, url_for


def is_safe_url(target):
    ref_url = urlparse(request.host_url)
    test_url = urlparse(urljoin(request.host_url, target))
    return test_url.scheme in ('http', 'https') and ref_url.netloc == test_url.netloc


def get_redirect_target():
    for target in request.args.get('next'), request.referrer:
        if not target:
            continue
        if is_safe_url(target):
            return target


def safe_redirect(endpoint='MetaView:index', next=None, **kwargs):
    if is_safe_url(next):
        return redirect(next)
    target = get_redirect_target()
    return redirect(target or url_for(endpoint, **kwargs))


def humanize(date):
    try:
        return arrow.get(date).humanize()
    except Exception:
        return 'Invalid date'


def format_datetime(date):
    try:
        return arrow.get(date).format('DD MMMM YYYY - HH:mm')
    except Exception:
        return 'Invalid date'


def markdown_filter(content):
    bleach.ALLOWED_TAGS += 'p'
    return bleach.clean(markdown.markdown(content, strip=True))


def get_corporation_id_by_name(name):
    corporation_id = redis.hget('corporations', name.lower())
    if not corporation_id:
        eve = evelink.eve.EVE()
        corporation_id = eve.character_id_from_name(name)[0]
        if corporation_id == 0:
            raise InvalidCorporationError(name)
        try:
            api = evelink.api.API()
            corp = evelink.corp.Corp(api)
            sheet = corp.corporation_sheet(corp_id=corporation_id)[0]
        except evelink.api.APIError:
            raise InvalidCorporationError(name)
        redis.hset('corporations', sheet['name'], sheet['id'])
    return int(corporation_id)

def get_alliance_id_by_name(name):
    if not redis.exists('alliances'):
        eve = evelink.eve.EVE()
        alliance_map = {}
        for alliance_id, alliance in iteritems(eve.alliances()[0]):
            alliance_map[alliance['name'].lower()] = alliance_id
        redis.hmset('alliances', alliance_map)
    alliance_id = redis.hget('alliances', name.lower())
    if not alliance_id:
        raise InvalidAllianceError(name)
    return int(alliance_id)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) safe_redirect
  B) humanize
  C) get_corporation_id_by_name
  D) is_safe_url
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from register import register_solution
from hashlib import md5


def find_n_leading_zeros(secret, n):
    m = md5(secret.encode())
    search = '0' * n

    i = 1
    while True:
        m1 = m.copy()
        m1.update(str(i).encode())
        hsh = m1.hexdigest()
        if hsh[:n] == search:
            print(i)
            break
        i += 1

@register_solution(2015, 4, 1)
def part1(filename):
    find_n_leading_zeros("ckczppom", 5)


@register_solution(2015, 4, 2)
def part2(filename):
    find_n_leading_zeros("ckczppom", 6)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  E) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  F) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
Answer: A