OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# coding: utf-8
import sys
import json
import logging
import tornado
import tornado.web
import tornado.ioloop
from tornado.httpserver import HTTPServer

sys.path.append('/home/gump/Software/pycharm-2018.1.6/projects/bert-for-classificaion/')

from sentence_fluency.predictor import predict


WEB_PORT = 1368


class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def data_received(self, chunk):
        pass

    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            request_json = json.loads(self.request.body)
            sentence = request_json.get('sentence', '')
            logging.info("sentence：{}".format(sentence))
            if sentence:
                result = predict(sentence)
                logging.info("result: {}".format(result))
                self.write({
                        'code': 200,
                        'is_fluency': result
                    })
            else:
                self.write({
                    'code': 300,
                    'message': 'can not get sentence'
                })
        except Exception as e:
            self.write({
                'code': 500,
                'message': e
            })
            logging.info(e)


application = tornado.web.Application([
    ("/sentence_fluency/", MainHandler)
])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    server = HTTPServer(application)
    server.bind(WEB_PORT)
    server.start(num_processes=1)  # redis_info.num_processes)
    print("server is running on {}".format(WEB_PORT))
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()




```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability.
Answer: post
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# coding: utf-8
import sys
import json
import logging
import tornado
import tornado.web
import tornado.ioloop
from tornado.httpserver import HTTPServer

sys.path.append('/home/gump/Software/pycharm-2018.1.6/projects/bert-for-classificaion/')

from sentence_fluency.predictor import predict


WEB_PORT = 1368


class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def data_received(self, chunk):
        pass

    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            request_json = json.loads(self.request.body)
            sentence = request_json.get('sentence', '')
            logging.info("sentence：{}".format(sentence))
            if sentence:
                result = predict(sentence)
                logging.info("result: {}".format(result))
                self.write({
                        'code': 200,
                        'is_fluency': result
                    })
            else:
                self.write({
                    'code': 300,
                    'message': 'can not get sentence'
                })
        except Exception as e:
            self.write({
                'code': 500,
                'message': e
            })
            logging.info(e)


application = tornado.web.Application([
    ("/sentence_fluency/", MainHandler)
])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    server = HTTPServer(application)
    server.bind(WEB_PORT)
    server.start(num_processes=1)  # redis_info.num_processes)
    print("server is running on {}".format(WEB_PORT))
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()




```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) post
  B) MainHandler
  C) data_received
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# coding: utf-8
import sys
import json
import logging
import tornado
import tornado.web
import tornado.ioloop
from tornado.httpserver import HTTPServer

sys.path.append('/home/gump/Software/pycharm-2018.1.6/projects/bert-for-classificaion/')

from sentence_fluency.predictor import predict


WEB_PORT = 1368


class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def data_received(self, chunk):
        pass

    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            request_json = json.loads(self.request.body)
            sentence = request_json.get('sentence', '')
            logging.info("sentence：{}".format(sentence))
            if sentence:
                result = predict(sentence)
                logging.info("result: {}".format(result))
                self.write({
                        'code': 200,
                        'is_fluency': result
                    })
            else:
                self.write({
                    'code': 300,
                    'message': 'can not get sentence'
                })
        except Exception as e:
            self.write({
                'code': 500,
                'message': e
            })
            logging.info(e)


application = tornado.web.Application([
    ("/sentence_fluency/", MainHandler)
])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    server = HTTPServer(application)
    server.bind(WEB_PORT)
    server.start(num_processes=1)  # redis_info.num_processes)
    print("server is running on {}".format(WEB_PORT))
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()




```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: post
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re
from typing import List, Tuple, Dict


class Pattern:

    def __init__(self, format_object: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
        self._pattern = re.compile(format_object["wallet_regexp"])
        self._name = format_object["name"]
        self._group = format_object["group"]
        self._symbol = format_object["symbol"]

    @property
    def pattern(self):
        return self._pattern

    @pattern.setter
    def pattern(self, value):
        self._pattern = value

    @property
    def symbol(self) -> str: return self._symbol

    @symbol.setter
    def symbol(self, value: str):
        self._symbol = value

    @property
    def name(self) -> str: return self._name

    @name.setter
    def name(self, value: str):
        self._name = value

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return self.symbol + " Pattern "

    def match(self, content: str) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
        matches_iterator = self.pattern.finditer(content)
        matches = [(self.symbol, x.group()) for x in matches_iterator]
        return matches


def match_email(text: str) -> List[str]:
    """Check if inside the text there is a list of emails"""
    pattern = re.compile(
        "\\b([a-zA-Z0-9_.]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+)\\b")
    emails = pattern.findall(text)
    return emails


def match_personal_website(text: str) -> List[str]:
    """Check if inside the given text there is a list of websites"""
    pattern = re.compile("\\b(https?://([^/\\s]+/?)*)\\b")
    website_matches = pattern.findall(text)
    # Filter out all results that links to license reference
    website_matches = [w[0] for w in website_matches if
                       "license" not in w[0]]
    return website_matches

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  B) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  C) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  D) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  E) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  F) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re
from typing import List, Tuple, Dict


class Pattern:

    def __init__(self, format_object: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
        self._pattern = re.compile(format_object["wallet_regexp"])
        self._name = format_object["name"]
        self._group = format_object["group"]
        self._symbol = format_object["symbol"]

    @property
    def pattern(self):
        return self._pattern

    @pattern.setter
    def pattern(self, value):
        self._pattern = value

    @property
    def symbol(self) -> str: return self._symbol

    @symbol.setter
    def symbol(self, value: str):
        self._symbol = value

    @property
    def name(self) -> str: return self._name

    @name.setter
    def name(self, value: str):
        self._name = value

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return self.symbol + " Pattern "

    def match(self, content: str) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
        matches_iterator = self.pattern.finditer(content)
        matches = [(self.symbol, x.group()) for x in matches_iterator]
        return matches


def match_email(text: str) -> List[str]:
    """Check if inside the text there is a list of emails"""
    pattern = re.compile(
        "\\b([a-zA-Z0-9_.]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+)\\b")
    emails = pattern.findall(text)
    return emails


def match_personal_website(text: str) -> List[str]:
    """Check if inside the given text there is a list of websites"""
    pattern = re.compile("\\b(https?://([^/\\s]+/?)*)\\b")
    website_matches = pattern.findall(text)
    # Filter out all results that links to license reference
    website_matches = [w[0] for w in website_matches if
                       "license" not in w[0]]
    return website_matches

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity` vulnerability.
Answer: match_personal_website
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, redirect, request

app = Flask(__name__)


LOOKUP = {
    "tutor": "http://pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html",
    "book": "https://composingprograms.com",
    "python": "https://code.cs61a.org/python",
    "scheme": "https://code.cs61a.org/scheme",
    "sql": "https://code.cs61a.org/sql",
    "ok-help": "https://ok-help.cs61a.org",
    "ok": "https://okpy.org",
    "staging": "https://solutions.cs61a.org",
}


def lookup(hostname):
    """Gets the URL to redirect to based on a hostname.

    :param hostname: redirect link to check
    :type hostname: string

    :return: a string that represents the url to redirect to
    """
    if hostname in LOOKUP:
        return LOOKUP[hostname]
    prefix = hostname.split(".")[0]
    if prefix in LOOKUP:
        return LOOKUP[prefix]
    return f"https://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61a/{prefix}"


@app.route("/", defaults={"path": ""})
@app.route("/<path:path>")
def catch_all(path):
    """Gets the URL to redirect to based on a path if it exists.

    :param path: path to return to, doesn't have to exist
    :type path: string

    :return: a string that represents the url to redirect to
    """
    hostname = request.headers["HOST"]
    if path:
        return redirect(f"{lookup(hostname)}/{path}")
    else:
        return redirect(lookup(hostname))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) lookup
  B) catch_all
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import datetime
import random
import hashlib
import zhdate
from .almanac_text import do, saying, vtb


async def get_almanac_for_dd(user_id: int, user_name: str) -> str:
    # 日期与农历
    almanac_geo = datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y年%m月%d日')
    almanac_luna = zhdate.ZhDate.today().chinese()
    # 初始化随机种子
    random_seed_str = str([user_id, almanac_geo, almanac_luna])
    md5 = hashlib.md5()
    md5.update(random_seed_str.encode('utf-8'))
    random_seed = md5.hexdigest()
    random.seed(random_seed)
    # 宜做和不宜做
    dd_do_and_not = random.sample(do, k=4)
    # 名句与DD
    dd_saying = random.sample(saying, k=1)
    dd_vtb = random.sample(vtb, k=1)

    msg = f'今天是{almanac_geo}\n农历{almanac_luna}\n\n{user_name}今天:\n' \
          f"【宜】\n{dd_do_and_not[0]['name']} —— {dd_do_and_not[0]['good']}\n" \
          f"{dd_do_and_not[2]['name']} —— {dd_do_and_not[2]['good']}\n\n" \
          f"【忌】\n{dd_do_and_not[1]['name']} —— {dd_do_and_not[1]['bad']}\n" \
          f"{dd_do_and_not[3]['name']} —— {dd_do_and_not[3]['bad']}\n\n" \
          f"今日宜D：{dd_vtb[0]}\n\n“{dd_saying[0]}”"

    return msg

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  C) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  D) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  E) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
@file:   tasks
@author: linuxzhen520@163.com
@date:   2020/03/24
@desc:
"""

from . import celery
import time
import random
import paramiko

@celery.task
def celery_task(sth1):
    print("celery_app.task start")
    delay_time = random.randint(5, 10)
    time.sleep(delay_time)
    print("celery_app.task end")
    return sth1


@celery.task
def rum_cmd(host, cmd):
    """连接到服务器，执行指定命令"""
    try:
        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        ssh.connect(host, 22, timeout=5)
        # stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(env_cmd)
        ## stdin.write("Y")   #简单交互，输入 ‘Y’
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
        err = stderr.read()
        out = stdout.read()
        ssh.close()
        result = out if out else err
        return result.decode("utf-8")
    except Exception as ex:
        print(ex)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: rum_cmd
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import traceback
import warnings

import paramiko

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")


class SshUtil(object):
    """
    - Connect remote by SSH and run specific command.
    - See also `bage_util.SellUtil`
    """

    def __init__(self, hostname, username=None, password=None, port=22, log=None):
        self.client = None
        self.log = log
        try:
            self.client = paramiko.SSHClient()
            self.client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.WarningPolicy())
            #            self.client.load_system_host_keys()
            #            keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts'))
            #            key = keys[hostname]
            #            print('keys:', keys
            #            self.client.get_host_keys().add(hostname, 'ssh-rsa', key)
            self.client.connect(hostname, port, username, password)
        except Exception:
            self.close()
            if self.log:
                self.log.error(traceback.format_exc())
            else:
                traceback.print_exc()

    def close(self):
        try:
            if self.client:
                self.client.close()
        except Exception:
            if self.log:
                self.log.error(traceback.format_exc)
            else:
                traceback.print_exc()

    def execute_n_print(self, command):
        _stdin, stdout, _stderr = self.client.exec_command(command)
        for line in stdout:
            print(line.strip('\n'))

    def execute(self, command):
        _stdin, stdout, _stderr = self.client.exec_command(command)
        return stdout

    def transfer(self, from_site, to_site):
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import os

    ssh = SshUtil('gpu4')
    ssh.execute_n_print('ls -l')

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) execute_n_print
  B) __init__
  C) close
  D) SshUtil
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Date    : 2017/10/24
# @Author  : hrwhisper

import os
from math import pi, cos, sin, atan2, sqrt

import gpxpy.geo

from parse_data import read_mall_data


def get_distance_by_latitude_and_longitude(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
    return gpxpy.geo.haversine_distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2)


def center_latitudes_and_longitudes(geo_coordinates):
    """

    :param geo_coordinates: [[latitude,longtitude],...]
    :return: [latitude,longitudes]
    """
    x = y = z = 0
    for (lat, lng) in geo_coordinates:
        lat, lng = lat * pi / 180, lng * pi / 180
        x += cos(lat) * cos(lng)
        y += cos(lat) * sin(lng)
        z += sin(lat)

    x = x / len(geo_coordinates)
    y = y / len(geo_coordinates)
    z = z / len(geo_coordinates)
    lng = atan2(y, x)
    hyp = sqrt(x ** 2 + y ** 2)
    lat = atan2(z, hyp)
    return lat * 180 / pi, lng * 180 / pi


def mall_area():
    """
    计算中心点、以及mall大小
    """

    def cal_mall_area(data, mall_id):
        data = data[data['mall_id'] == mall_id]
        x = list(data['latitude'])
        y = list(data['longitude'])
        center = center_latitudes_and_longitudes(list(zip(x, y)))
        max_area = 0
        for i in range(len(x)):
            for j in range(i + 1, len(x)):
                max_area = max(max_area, get_distance_by_latitude_and_longitude(x[i], y[i], x[j], y[j]))
        return max_area, center[0], center[1]

    train_data = read_mall_data()  # read_train_join_mall()
    os.makedirs('./feature_save', exist_ok=True)
    with open('./feature_save/mall_center_and_area.csv', 'w') as f:
        f.write('mall_id,max_area,center_latitude,center_longitude\n')
        for mall_id in train_data['mall_id'].unique():
            max_area, lan, long = cal_mall_area(train_data, mall_id)
            print(mall_id, max_area, lan, long)
            f.write('{},{},{},{}\n'.format(mall_id, max_area, lan, long))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mall_area()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  B) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  C) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  F) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Date    : 2017/10/24
# @Author  : hrwhisper

import os
from math import pi, cos, sin, atan2, sqrt

import gpxpy.geo

from parse_data import read_mall_data


def get_distance_by_latitude_and_longitude(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
    return gpxpy.geo.haversine_distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2)


def center_latitudes_and_longitudes(geo_coordinates):
    """

    :param geo_coordinates: [[latitude,longtitude],...]
    :return: [latitude,longitudes]
    """
    x = y = z = 0
    for (lat, lng) in geo_coordinates:
        lat, lng = lat * pi / 180, lng * pi / 180
        x += cos(lat) * cos(lng)
        y += cos(lat) * sin(lng)
        z += sin(lat)

    x = x / len(geo_coordinates)
    y = y / len(geo_coordinates)
    z = z / len(geo_coordinates)
    lng = atan2(y, x)
    hyp = sqrt(x ** 2 + y ** 2)
    lat = atan2(z, hyp)
    return lat * 180 / pi, lng * 180 / pi


def mall_area():
    """
    计算中心点、以及mall大小
    """

    def cal_mall_area(data, mall_id):
        data = data[data['mall_id'] == mall_id]
        x = list(data['latitude'])
        y = list(data['longitude'])
        center = center_latitudes_and_longitudes(list(zip(x, y)))
        max_area = 0
        for i in range(len(x)):
            for j in range(i + 1, len(x)):
                max_area = max(max_area, get_distance_by_latitude_and_longitude(x[i], y[i], x[j], y[j]))
        return max_area, center[0], center[1]

    train_data = read_mall_data()  # read_train_join_mall()
    os.makedirs('./feature_save', exist_ok=True)
    with open('./feature_save/mall_center_and_area.csv', 'w') as f:
        f.write('mall_id,max_area,center_latitude,center_longitude\n')
        for mall_id in train_data['mall_id'].unique():
            max_area, lan, long = cal_mall_area(train_data, mall_id)
            print(mall_id, max_area, lan, long)
            f.write('{},{},{},{}\n'.format(mall_id, max_area, lan, long))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mall_area()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) cal_mall_area
  B) mall_area
  C) center_latitudes_and_longitudes
  D) get_distance_by_latitude_and_longitude
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Date    : 2017/10/24
# @Author  : hrwhisper

import os
from math import pi, cos, sin, atan2, sqrt

import gpxpy.geo

from parse_data import read_mall_data


def get_distance_by_latitude_and_longitude(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
    return gpxpy.geo.haversine_distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2)


def center_latitudes_and_longitudes(geo_coordinates):
    """

    :param geo_coordinates: [[latitude,longtitude],...]
    :return: [latitude,longitudes]
    """
    x = y = z = 0
    for (lat, lng) in geo_coordinates:
        lat, lng = lat * pi / 180, lng * pi / 180
        x += cos(lat) * cos(lng)
        y += cos(lat) * sin(lng)
        z += sin(lat)

    x = x / len(geo_coordinates)
    y = y / len(geo_coordinates)
    z = z / len(geo_coordinates)
    lng = atan2(y, x)
    hyp = sqrt(x ** 2 + y ** 2)
    lat = atan2(z, hyp)
    return lat * 180 / pi, lng * 180 / pi


def mall_area():
    """
    计算中心点、以及mall大小
    """

    def cal_mall_area(data, mall_id):
        data = data[data['mall_id'] == mall_id]
        x = list(data['latitude'])
        y = list(data['longitude'])
        center = center_latitudes_and_longitudes(list(zip(x, y)))
        max_area = 0
        for i in range(len(x)):
            for j in range(i + 1, len(x)):
                max_area = max(max_area, get_distance_by_latitude_and_longitude(x[i], y[i], x[j], y[j]))
        return max_area, center[0], center[1]

    train_data = read_mall_data()  # read_train_join_mall()
    os.makedirs('./feature_save', exist_ok=True)
    with open('./feature_save/mall_center_and_area.csv', 'w') as f:
        f.write('mall_id,max_area,center_latitude,center_longitude\n')
        for mall_id in train_data['mall_id'].unique():
            max_area, lan, long = cal_mall_area(train_data, mall_id)
            print(mall_id, max_area, lan, long)
            f.write('{},{},{},{}\n'.format(mall_id, max_area, lan, long))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mall_area()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: mall_area
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import paramiko

class ssh(object):
    def __init__(self, host, user, pwd, pkey, debug=False):
        self.user = user
        self.host = host
        self.debug = debug
        
        self.client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        self.client.connect(host, username=user, password=pwd, key_filename=pkey)
        self.prefix = ''
        
        print 'SSH connected'
    
    def precall(self, cmd):
        if self.prefix:
            self.prefix = '%s && %s' % (self.prefix, cmd) 
        else:
            self.prefix = cmd

    def process(self, cmd):
        if self.prefix:
            if self.debug: print '%s && %s' % (self.prefix, cmd)
            _, stdout, stderr = self.client.exec_command('%s && %s' % (self.prefix, cmd))
        else:
            if self.debug: print cmd
            _, stdout, stderr = self.client.exec_command(cmd)
        
        out = stdout.readlines()
        err = stderr.read()
        
        if self.debug:
            print out
            print err
            
        return out, err
    
    def __enter__(self):
        return self     
        
    def __exit__(self, _type, _value, _traceback):
        self.client.close()
        print 'SSH disconnected'

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import paramiko

class ssh(object):
    def __init__(self, host, user, pwd, pkey, debug=False):
        self.user = user
        self.host = host
        self.debug = debug
        
        self.client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        self.client.connect(host, username=user, password=pwd, key_filename=pkey)
        self.prefix = ''
        
        print 'SSH connected'
    
    def precall(self, cmd):
        if self.prefix:
            self.prefix = '%s && %s' % (self.prefix, cmd) 
        else:
            self.prefix = cmd

    def process(self, cmd):
        if self.prefix:
            if self.debug: print '%s && %s' % (self.prefix, cmd)
            _, stdout, stderr = self.client.exec_command('%s && %s' % (self.prefix, cmd))
        else:
            if self.debug: print cmd
            _, stdout, stderr = self.client.exec_command(cmd)
        
        out = stdout.readlines()
        err = stderr.read()
        
        if self.debug:
            print out
            print err
            
        return out, err
    
    def __enter__(self):
        return self     
        
    def __exit__(self, _type, _value, _traceback):
        self.client.close()
        print 'SSH disconnected'

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) __exit__
  B) __init__
  C) precall
  D) process
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Program: Exemplos_VideoAula11.py 
# Author: Ramon R. Valeriano
# Description: Exemplos de Video aula, DICIONÁRIO
# Developed: 28/04/2020 - 18:17
# Updated:

registro = dict()

name = str(input("Enter with your name: "))
date_birth = int(input("Enter wiht your year of birth: "))
if date_birth > 0 :
    work = int(input("Enter with the work card: "))
    registro["Name"] = name
    registro["Birth"] = date_birth
    registro["Work"] = work
    if work > 0:
        year = int(input("Year the firt work: "))
        new_date = year+25
        registro["New"]= new_date
        salary = float(input("Salary: "))
        age = int(input("Your age: "))
        new_age = age+25
        registro["Age"]=new_age
    else:
        work = 0
else:
    print("Invalid Option!")
for k, v in registro.items():
    print(f'{k} - {v}')

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

# 主页
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('这是主页')

# 注册
def register(request):
    return render(request, 'register.html')

# 登录
def login(request):
    print(request.POST)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        user = request.POST.get('username')
        pwd = request.POST.get('password')
        print(user, pwd)
        return render(request, 'login.html', {'login_error':'用户名或密码错误'})
    else:
        return render(request, 'login.html')

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) index
  B) register
  C) login
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

# 主页
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('这是主页')

# 注册
def register(request):
    return render(request, 'register.html')

# 登录
def login(request):
    print(request.POST)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        user = request.POST.get('username')
        pwd = request.POST.get('password')
        print(user, pwd)
        return render(request, 'login.html', {'login_error':'用户名或密码错误'})
    else:
        return render(request, 'login.html')

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

BLOCK_SIZE = 16

def encrypt(plaintext, key, mode="ECB", iv=None):
    cipher = getCipher(key, mode, iv, True)
    plaintext = addPadding(plaintext)
    return cipher.encryptor().update(plaintext)

def decrypt(cyphertext, key, mode="ECB", iv=None):
    cipher = getCipher(key, mode, iv, False)
    plaintext = cipher.decryptor().update(cyphertext)
    return removePadding(plaintext)

def getCipher(key, mode_str, iv, isEncrypt):
    algorithm = algorithms.AES(key)

    mode = None
    if (mode_str.upper() == "ECB"):
        mode = modes.ECB()
    elif (mode_str.upper() == "CBC"):
        mode = modes.CBC(iv)
    else:
        raise ValueError("Invalid mode, please specify 'ECB' or 'CBC'")

    return Cipher(algorithm, mode, default_backend())

def addPadding(data):
    if (len(data) == 0):
        data = bytes([BLOCK_SIZE] * BLOCK_SIZE)
    elif (len(data) % BLOCK_SIZE != 0):
        padding = BLOCK_SIZE - (len(data) % BLOCK_SIZE)
        data = bytearray(data)
        data.extend(bytes([padding] * padding))
        data = bytes(data)
    
    return data

def removePadding(data):
    if (len(data) == 0 or len(data) % BLOCK_SIZE != 0):
        raise ValueError("Invalid message size")

    padding = data[-1]
    start = len(data) - padding
    for byte in data[start:]:
        if (byte != padding): return data

    return data[:start]

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  B) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  E) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests

with open('access_token', 'r') as f:
    access_token = f.read().rstrip()

with open('secret', 'r') as f:
    secret = f.read().rstrip()

print(access_token, secret)

headers = {'Authorization' : 'Bearer %s' % access_token}

api_base_url = 'https://www.strava.com/api/v3/'
api_activities = api_base_url+'activities/'

def get_activities(per_page=30):
    assert per_page <= 200  # API max
    page = 1
    activities = []

    while True:
        params = {'page': page, 'per_page': per_page}
        r = requests.get(api_activities, headers=headers, params=params)
        activities += r.json()
        page += 1
        if len(r.json()) == 0:
            break

    return activities

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  D) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  E) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import sqlite3
from pathlib import Path

from flask import Flask

ROOT_DIR = str(Path(os.path.dirname(__file__)).parent)
DATABASE = ROOT_DIR + '/db/database.db'
SCHEMA = ROOT_DIR + '/db/schema.sql'

app = Flask(__name__)
g = {'_database': None}


def get_db():
    db = getattr(g, '_database', None)
    if db is None:
        print('Opening DB:' + DATABASE)
        db = g['_database'] = sqlite3.connect(DATABASE)
    return db


def init_db():
    with app.app_context():
        db = get_db()
        with app.open_resource(SCHEMA, mode='r') as f:
            db.cursor().executescript(f.read())
        db.commit()


@app.teardown_appcontext
def close_connection(exception):
    db = getattr(g, '_database', None)
    if db is not None:
        db.close()


@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return 'Welcome to Payment REST API from <b>Bank of Hong Kong Luna</b>'


@app.route('/payment/<id>')
def get_payment(id: int):

    cur = get_db().execute('SELECT * FROM payments WHERE id = ?', [id])
    rv = cur.fetchall()
    cur.close()

    if len(rv) == 1:
        return {
            'id': rv[0][0],
            'userId': rv[0][1],
            'iban': rv[0][2],
            'amount': rv[0][3],
            'reference': rv[0][4],
            'createdDate': rv[0][5]
        }
    else:
        return {'Error': "Payment with a given ID '%s' does not exist" % id}, 404

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: get_payment
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from json import JSONEncoder
from flask import Flask, jsonify, request, send_from_directory
from flask_talisman import Talisman
from midi_process import process_midi


DEFAULT_SONG = process_midi("sample-midi/happy-birthday-simplified.mid")


class ObjectJSONEncoder(JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, o):
        try:
            return vars(o)
        except:
            return super().default(o)


app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path="")

app.json_encoder = ObjectJSONEncoder

csp = {"default-src": "'self'", "media-src": "'self' data:"}
Talisman(app, content_security_policy=csp)


@app.route("/")
def route_root():
    return app.send_static_file("index.html")


@app.post("/process-midi")
def route_process_midi():
    song = None
    exception = None

    if request.files:
        midiFile = request.files["midiFile"]
        try:
            song = process_midi(midiFile)
        except ValueError as ve:
            exception = str(ve)
    else:
        song = DEFAULT_SONG

    return jsonify(song=song, exception=exception)


@app.route("/sample-midi/<path:filename>")
def route_sample_midi(filename):
    return send_from_directory("sample-midi", filename)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: route_process_midi
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import random
import re
import shutil
import sys

apps = ['app1', 'app2', 'app3']

def copy_template(name):
    """
    Copies the project_template directory structure.

    """
    destination = '/Users/jonathan/projects/'
    # destination = '/Users/nickficano/Desktop/temp/'

    top_dir = os.path.join(destination, name)
    os.mkdir(top_dir)

    project = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
    template_dir = os.path.join(project, '../../../src/project_template')

    for d, subdirs, files in os.walk(template_dir):
        relative_dir = d[len(template_dir)+1:].replace('project_name', name)
        if relative_dir:
            os.mkdir(os.path.join(top_dir, relative_dir))
        for subdir in subdirs[:]:
            if subdir.startswith('.'):
                subdirs.remove(subdir)
        for f in files:
            path_old = os.path.join(d, f)
            path_new = os.path.join(top_dir, relative_dir, f.replace('project_name', name))
            fp_old = open(path_old, 'r')
            fp_new = open(path_new, 'w')
            fp_new.write(fp_old.read().replace('{{ project_name }}', name).replace('{{ secret_key }}', generate_secret_key()))
            fp_old.close()
            fp_new.close()
            try:
                shutil.copymode(path_old, path_new)
            except OSError:
                sys.stderr.write("Error, something bad happened.")

            # if f == 'settings.py':
            #     with open("%s" % path_new, "a") as s:
            #         for app in apps:
            #             s.write(\t"%s,\n" % app)


def generate_secret_key():
    c = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!@#$%^&*(-_=+)"
    return "".join([random.choice(c) for x in xrange(50)])

def main():
    if len(sys.argv) < 1:
        p.error("You must specify a project name.")
        sys.exit(0)

    name = sys.argv[1]

    if not os.path.exists(name):
        copy_template(name)
    else:
        print "Project '%s' already exists. Aborting..." % name

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  C) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  D) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Answer: A