OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
try:
    from flask import Flask, jsonify, request
    from flask_restful import Api, Resource
    import joblib
    import base64
except:
    print("[-] Required modules are not installed")
    print('[+] Installing modules now...')
    os.system('pip install -r requirements.txt')

app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)


class MakePrediction(Resource):
    @staticmethod
    def post():
        posted_data = request.get_json()
        posted_base64_image = posted_data['base64_image_stream']
        posted_base64_image_name = posted_data['base64_image_stream_imagename']
        person_temperature = posted_data['person_temperature']
        imgdata = base64.b64decode(posted_base64_image)
        # print(imgdata)
        filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(
            "requestedImage/"), posted_base64_image_name+".jpg")
        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
            f.write(imgdata)
        # print(filename)

        try:
            #print("python3 model/detect_mask_image.py --image " + filename)
            new_path_join = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(
                'convertedImage/'), "rect_out_"+os.path.basename(filename))
            if os.name == "posix":
                print('python3 model/detect_mask_image.py --image ' +
                      filename+" --temperature "+person_temperature)
                os.system('python3 model/detect_mask_image.py --image ' +
                          filename + " --temperature " + person_temperature)
            elif os.name == "nt":
                os.system('py -3 model/detect_mask_image.py --image ' +
                          filename + " --temperature " + person_temperature)
            else:
                print("You don't have required Operating system.")
            with open(new_path_join, "rb") as image_file:
                encoded_string = base64.b64encode(image_file.read())
            ret_img_base64 = encoded_string
            # print(ret_img_base64)
        except:
            ret_img_base64 = "Failed"

        try:
            return jsonify({
                'IMAGE': ret_img_base64.decode(),
                'TEMPERATURE': person_temperature
            })
        except:
            return jsonify({
                'Process': "Failed"
            })


api.add_resource(MakePrediction, '/image')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')` vulnerability.
Answer: post
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import tarfile


def untar(tarname,tardir):
    """
    解压tar.gz文件
    tarname: 压缩文件名
    tardir: 解压缩后的存放路径
    """
    try:
        t = tarfile.open(tarname)
        t.extractall(path=tardir)
        rig = "已经解压完成"
        return rig
    except Exception as e:
        return e

if __name__=="__main__":
    # sourcedir = r"G:\softwarepackages\targzsoft\nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz"
    # destdir = r"G:\softwarepackages"
    sourcedir = r"D:\YiBotSoft\YiBotInstall.tar.gz"
    destdir = r"D:\YiBotSoft\Yibotinstall"
    abc = untar(sourcedir,destdir)
    print(abc)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  B) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  C) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  F) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from lib.plugins import Driver
import os
from paramiko import SSHClient, RSAKey, AutoAddPolicy
from io import StringIO

class Ssh(Driver):
	DEFAULT_KEY_PATH = "~/.ssh/id_rsa"

	def __init__(self, host, username='root', password = None, key = None, port = 22, path = "/proc"):
		Driver.__init__(self)
		self._host = host
		self._username = username
		self._password = password
		self._port = port
		self._path = path

		self._client = None
		self._ftp = None

		if not password or key:
			self._key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(os.path.expanduser(key or Ssh.DEFAULT_KEY_PATH))
		else:
			self._key = None

	def readProc(self, path):
		sftp = self._connectFtp()

		o = StringIO()
		for line in sftp.open(os.path.join(self._path, path)):
			o.write(line)

		return o.getvalue()

	def sh(self, cmd):
		client = self._connect()
		stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(cmd)
		return {
			"stdout": stdout.read().decode('utf-8'),
			"stderr": stderr.read().decode('utf-8'),
			"status": stdout.channel.recv_exit_status()
		}

	def _connect(self):
		if not self._client:
			client = SSHClient()
			client.set_missing_host_key_policy(AutoAddPolicy())
			client.connect(hostname = self._host, username=self._username, password=self._password, pkey=self._key, port=self._port, look_for_keys=False)
			self._client = client
		return self._client

	def _connectFtp(self):
		if not self._ftp:
			client = self._connect()
			self._ftp = client.open_sftp()
		return self._ftp

	def getHost(self):
		return self._host

def create(args):
	return Ssh(**args)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) _connect
  B) _connectFtp
  C) sh
  D) Ssh
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from lib.plugins import Driver
import os
from paramiko import SSHClient, RSAKey, AutoAddPolicy
from io import StringIO

class Ssh(Driver):
	DEFAULT_KEY_PATH = "~/.ssh/id_rsa"

	def __init__(self, host, username='root', password = None, key = None, port = 22, path = "/proc"):
		Driver.__init__(self)
		self._host = host
		self._username = username
		self._password = password
		self._port = port
		self._path = path

		self._client = None
		self._ftp = None

		if not password or key:
			self._key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(os.path.expanduser(key or Ssh.DEFAULT_KEY_PATH))
		else:
			self._key = None

	def readProc(self, path):
		sftp = self._connectFtp()

		o = StringIO()
		for line in sftp.open(os.path.join(self._path, path)):
			o.write(line)

		return o.getvalue()

	def sh(self, cmd):
		client = self._connect()
		stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(cmd)
		return {
			"stdout": stdout.read().decode('utf-8'),
			"stderr": stderr.read().decode('utf-8'),
			"status": stdout.channel.recv_exit_status()
		}

	def _connect(self):
		if not self._client:
			client = SSHClient()
			client.set_missing_host_key_policy(AutoAddPolicy())
			client.connect(hostname = self._host, username=self._username, password=self._password, pkey=self._key, port=self._port, look_for_keys=False)
			self._client = client
		return self._client

	def _connectFtp(self):
		if not self._ftp:
			client = self._connect()
			self._ftp = client.open_sftp()
		return self._ftp

	def getHost(self):
		return self._host

def create(args):
	return Ssh(**args)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: _connect
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import fcntl
import hashlib
import tempfile
from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
from datetime import datetime


@contextmanager
def file_lock(fd, cmd):
    try:
        fcntl.lockf(fd, cmd)
        yield
    except IOError:
        yield
    finally:
        fcntl.lockf(fd, fcntl.LOCK_UN)


class TokenCache:
    def __init__(self, dev_id, api_key):
        self._hash = hashlib.md5(f"{dev_id}:{api_key}".encode()).hexdigest()

    @property
    def cache_path(self):
        ts = int(
            datetime.now()
            .replace(minute=0)
            .replace(second=0)
            .replace(microsecond=0)
            .timestamp()
        )
        return os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), f"mauna-{self._hash}-{ts}")

    def read(self):
        with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
            with open(self.cache_path, "r") as f:
                with file_lock(f, fcntl.LOCK_SH):
                    return f.read()

    def write(self, data):
        with open(self.cache_path, "a") as f:
            with file_lock(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX):
                f.seek(0)
                f.truncate(0)
                f.write(data)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  F) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import fcntl
import hashlib
import tempfile
from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
from datetime import datetime


@contextmanager
def file_lock(fd, cmd):
    try:
        fcntl.lockf(fd, cmd)
        yield
    except IOError:
        yield
    finally:
        fcntl.lockf(fd, fcntl.LOCK_UN)


class TokenCache:
    def __init__(self, dev_id, api_key):
        self._hash = hashlib.md5(f"{dev_id}:{api_key}".encode()).hexdigest()

    @property
    def cache_path(self):
        ts = int(
            datetime.now()
            .replace(minute=0)
            .replace(second=0)
            .replace(microsecond=0)
            .timestamp()
        )
        return os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), f"mauna-{self._hash}-{ts}")

    def read(self):
        with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
            with open(self.cache_path, "r") as f:
                with file_lock(f, fcntl.LOCK_SH):
                    return f.read()

    def write(self, data):
        with open(self.cache_path, "a") as f:
            with file_lock(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX):
                f.seek(0)
                f.truncate(0)
                f.write(data)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) cache_path
  B) read
  C) __init__
  D) write
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import logging

from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)
app.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

@app.route("/")
def root():
    app.logger.info(f'Request user agent: {request.user_agent}')
    app.logger.info(f'Request host: {request.host}')
    return '''
        <html>
            <h1>I like cats.</h1>
            <img src="https://placekitten.com/300/300" alt="kitten"/>
        </html>
    '''

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  D) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  E) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  F) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from models.Modalidade import Modalidade
from tinydb import Query
from extensions.database import modalidades as table_modalidades
from flask import jsonify


def cadastra_modalidade(modalidade: dict):
    nova_modalidade = Modalidade(
        **modalidade
    )
    modalidades_query = Query()
    existe_modalidade = table_modalidades.search(
        modalidades_query.nome == nova_modalidade.nome)
    if(len(existe_modalidade)):
        return jsonify({"status": False, "message": "Modalidade já cadastrada"}), 400
    else:
        try:
            table_modalidades.insert(dict(nova_modalidade))
            return jsonify({"status": True, "message": "Success"}), 201
        except Exception as e:
            return jsonify({"status": False, "message": "Erro ao cadastrar modalidade", "error": f"{e}"}), 400


def get_modalidades():
    try:
        modalidades = table_modalidades.all()
        return jsonify({"status": True, "message": "Success", "data": modalidades}), 200
    except Exception as e:
        return jsonify({"status": False, "message": "Erro ao recuperar os dados de modalidades", "error": f"{e}"}), 400

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  B) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  C) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  D) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  F) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
from flask import Flask,flash,request,redirect,send_file,render_template


UPLOAD_FOLDER = '/home/pi/Desktop/AFKZenCoders/PS12/uploads/'

#app = Flask(__name__)
app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='/home/pi/Desktop/AFKZenCoders/PS12/templates')
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = UPLOAD_FOLDER


# Upload API
@app.route('/uploadfile', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def upload_file():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # check if the post request has the file part
        if 'file' not in request.files:
            print('no file')
            return redirect(request.url)
        file = request.files['file']
        # if user does not select file, browser also
        # submit a empty part without filename
        if file.filename == '':
            print('no filename')
            return redirect(request.url)
        else:
            filename = secure_filename(file.filename)
            file.save(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename))
            print("File Saved successfully")
      #send file name as parameter to downlad
            #return redirect('/downloadfile/'+ filename)
            return "File Saved Successfully"
    return render_template('upload_file.html')


# Download API
@app.route("/downloadfile/<filename>", methods = ['GET'])
def download_file(filename):
    return render_template('download.html',value=filename)


@app.route('/return-files/<filename>')
def return_files_tut(filename):
    file_path = UPLOAD_FOLDER + filename
    print(file_path)
    return send_file(file_path, as_attachment=True, attachment_filename='')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port = 1313,debug = True)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) download_file
  B) upload_file
  C) return_files_tut
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
from flask import Flask,flash,request,redirect,send_file,render_template


UPLOAD_FOLDER = '/home/pi/Desktop/AFKZenCoders/PS12/uploads/'

#app = Flask(__name__)
app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='/home/pi/Desktop/AFKZenCoders/PS12/templates')
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = UPLOAD_FOLDER


# Upload API
@app.route('/uploadfile', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def upload_file():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # check if the post request has the file part
        if 'file' not in request.files:
            print('no file')
            return redirect(request.url)
        file = request.files['file']
        # if user does not select file, browser also
        # submit a empty part without filename
        if file.filename == '':
            print('no filename')
            return redirect(request.url)
        else:
            filename = secure_filename(file.filename)
            file.save(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename))
            print("File Saved successfully")
      #send file name as parameter to downlad
            #return redirect('/downloadfile/'+ filename)
            return "File Saved Successfully"
    return render_template('upload_file.html')


# Download API
@app.route("/downloadfile/<filename>", methods = ['GET'])
def download_file(filename):
    return render_template('download.html',value=filename)


@app.route('/return-files/<filename>')
def return_files_tut(filename):
    file_path = UPLOAD_FOLDER + filename
    print(file_path)
    return send_file(file_path, as_attachment=True, attachment_filename='')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port = 1313,debug = True)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: return_files_tut
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from apps.froms import BaseForm
from wtforms import StringField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Regexp, Length
import hashlib


# TODO: 发送短信验证码Form表单校验
class SMSCaptchaForm(BaseForm):
    salt = 'q3423805gdflvbdfvhsdoa`#$%'  # TODO: 前后端约定的加密盐
    telephone = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'1[356789]\d{9}', message='手机号格式错误')])  # TODO: 校验手机号
    timestamp = StringField(validators=[DataRequired(message='timestamp字段不能为空'),
                                        Length(min=13, max=13, message='timestamp字段格式错误')])  # TODO: 校验时间戳
    sign = StringField(validators=[DataRequired(message='sign字段不能为空')])  # TODO: 校验sign字段

    def validate(self):
        result = super(SMSCaptchaForm, self).validate()  # TODO: 校验表单输入规则
        if result:
            telephone = self.telephone.data  # TODO: 手机号
            timestamp = self.timestamp.data  # TODO: 时间戳
            sign = self.sign.data  # TODO: 前端传递加密字符串

            # TODO: md5(timestamp+telphone+salt)
            # TODO: md5函数必须要传一个bytes类型的字符串进去
            sign2 = hashlib.md5((timestamp+telephone+self.salt).encode(encoding='utf-8')).hexdigest()
            if sign == sign2:   # TODO: 比对前端传递加密字符串
                return True
            else:
                return False
        else:
            return False

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  B) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from apps.froms import BaseForm
from wtforms import StringField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Regexp, Length
import hashlib


# TODO: 发送短信验证码Form表单校验
class SMSCaptchaForm(BaseForm):
    salt = 'q3423805gdflvbdfvhsdoa`#$%'  # TODO: 前后端约定的加密盐
    telephone = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'1[356789]\d{9}', message='手机号格式错误')])  # TODO: 校验手机号
    timestamp = StringField(validators=[DataRequired(message='timestamp字段不能为空'),
                                        Length(min=13, max=13, message='timestamp字段格式错误')])  # TODO: 校验时间戳
    sign = StringField(validators=[DataRequired(message='sign字段不能为空')])  # TODO: 校验sign字段

    def validate(self):
        result = super(SMSCaptchaForm, self).validate()  # TODO: 校验表单输入规则
        if result:
            telephone = self.telephone.data  # TODO: 手机号
            timestamp = self.timestamp.data  # TODO: 时间戳
            sign = self.sign.data  # TODO: 前端传递加密字符串

            # TODO: md5(timestamp+telphone+salt)
            # TODO: md5函数必须要传一个bytes类型的字符串进去
            sign2 = hashlib.md5((timestamp+telephone+self.salt).encode(encoding='utf-8')).hexdigest()
            if sign == sign2:   # TODO: 比对前端传递加密字符串
                return True
            else:
                return False
        else:
            return False

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: validate
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from paramiko import SSHClient
import paramiko

from .helpers import print_lines, print_error, print_info


class RemoteSsh:
    def __init__(self):
        self.ssh = SSHClient()
        self.ssh.load_system_host_keys()
        self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

        self.user_host = ''

    def connect(self, hostname, username, password):
        self.user_host = '{}@{}'.format(username,hostname)

        print_info('Connecting on [{}]'.format(self.user_host))
        try:
            self.ssh.connect(hostname=hostname, username=username, password=password)
            print_info('Connected on [{}]'.format(self.user_host))
        except paramiko.BadHostKeyException:
            print_error('Cannot connect to the SSH server: Invalid Credentials')
            exit(1)
        except paramiko.AuthenticationException as e:
            error_message = str(e)
            error_message += '\n Check your credentials for the informed hostname: {}'.format(hostname)
            print_error(error_message)
            exit(1)

    def close_connection(self):
        self.ssh.close()

    def exec_cmd(self,cmd):
        stdin,stdout,stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(cmd)

        if stderr.channel.recv_exit_status() != 0:
            return_lines = stderr.readlines()
        else:
            return_lines = stdout.readlines()

        if len(return_lines) > 0:
            if return_lines[0].strip() == "":
                return_lines.pop(0)

        print_lines(return_lines)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  D) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  E) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  F) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from paramiko import SSHClient
import paramiko

from .helpers import print_lines, print_error, print_info


class RemoteSsh:
    def __init__(self):
        self.ssh = SSHClient()
        self.ssh.load_system_host_keys()
        self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

        self.user_host = ''

    def connect(self, hostname, username, password):
        self.user_host = '{}@{}'.format(username,hostname)

        print_info('Connecting on [{}]'.format(self.user_host))
        try:
            self.ssh.connect(hostname=hostname, username=username, password=password)
            print_info('Connected on [{}]'.format(self.user_host))
        except paramiko.BadHostKeyException:
            print_error('Cannot connect to the SSH server: Invalid Credentials')
            exit(1)
        except paramiko.AuthenticationException as e:
            error_message = str(e)
            error_message += '\n Check your credentials for the informed hostname: {}'.format(hostname)
            print_error(error_message)
            exit(1)

    def close_connection(self):
        self.ssh.close()

    def exec_cmd(self,cmd):
        stdin,stdout,stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(cmd)

        if stderr.channel.recv_exit_status() != 0:
            return_lines = stderr.readlines()
        else:
            return_lines = stdout.readlines()

        if len(return_lines) > 0:
            if return_lines[0].strip() == "":
                return_lines.pop(0)

        print_lines(return_lines)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) connect
  B) close_connection
  C) __init__
  D) RemoteSsh
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from hashlib import md5
import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
from otp.ai.passlib.utils.binary import h64
from otp.ai.passlib.utils.compat import u, uascii_to_str, unicode
import otp.ai.passlib.utils.handlers as uh
__all__ = [
 'phpass']

class phpass(uh.HasManyIdents, uh.HasRounds, uh.HasSalt, uh.GenericHandler):
    name = 'phpass'
    setting_kwds = ('salt', 'rounds', 'ident')
    checksum_chars = uh.HASH64_CHARS
    min_salt_size = max_salt_size = 8
    salt_chars = uh.HASH64_CHARS
    default_rounds = 19
    min_rounds = 7
    max_rounds = 30
    rounds_cost = 'log2'
    default_ident = u('$P$')
    ident_values = (u('$P$'), u('$H$'))
    ident_aliases = {u('P'): u('$P$'), u('H'): u('$H$')}

    @classmethod
    def from_string(cls, hash):
        ident, data = cls._parse_ident(hash)
        rounds, salt, chk = data[0], data[1:9], data[9:]
        return cls(ident=ident, rounds=h64.decode_int6(rounds.encode('ascii')), salt=salt, checksum=chk or None)

    def to_string(self):
        hash = u('%s%s%s%s') % (self.ident,
         h64.encode_int6(self.rounds).decode('ascii'),
         self.salt,
         self.checksum or u(''))
        return uascii_to_str(hash)

    def _calc_checksum(self, secret):
        if isinstance(secret, unicode):
            secret = secret.encode('utf-8')
        real_rounds = 1 << self.rounds
        result = md5(self.salt.encode('ascii') + secret).digest()
        r = 0
        while r < real_rounds:
            result = md5(result + secret).digest()
            r += 1

        return h64.encode_bytes(result).decode('ascii')
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  D) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  E) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from hashlib import md5
import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
from otp.ai.passlib.utils.binary import h64
from otp.ai.passlib.utils.compat import u, uascii_to_str, unicode
import otp.ai.passlib.utils.handlers as uh
__all__ = [
 'phpass']

class phpass(uh.HasManyIdents, uh.HasRounds, uh.HasSalt, uh.GenericHandler):
    name = 'phpass'
    setting_kwds = ('salt', 'rounds', 'ident')
    checksum_chars = uh.HASH64_CHARS
    min_salt_size = max_salt_size = 8
    salt_chars = uh.HASH64_CHARS
    default_rounds = 19
    min_rounds = 7
    max_rounds = 30
    rounds_cost = 'log2'
    default_ident = u('$P$')
    ident_values = (u('$P$'), u('$H$'))
    ident_aliases = {u('P'): u('$P$'), u('H'): u('$H$')}

    @classmethod
    def from_string(cls, hash):
        ident, data = cls._parse_ident(hash)
        rounds, salt, chk = data[0], data[1:9], data[9:]
        return cls(ident=ident, rounds=h64.decode_int6(rounds.encode('ascii')), salt=salt, checksum=chk or None)

    def to_string(self):
        hash = u('%s%s%s%s') % (self.ident,
         h64.encode_int6(self.rounds).decode('ascii'),
         self.salt,
         self.checksum or u(''))
        return uascii_to_str(hash)

    def _calc_checksum(self, secret):
        if isinstance(secret, unicode):
            secret = secret.encode('utf-8')
        real_rounds = 1 << self.rounds
        result = md5(self.salt.encode('ascii') + secret).digest()
        r = 0
        while r < real_rounds:
            result = md5(result + secret).digest()
            r += 1

        return h64.encode_bytes(result).decode('ascii')
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) _calc_checksum
  B) to_string
  C) phpass
  D) from_string
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import time
import requests
from datetime import datetime
from tqdm import tqdm

s = requests.Session()

# User configuration
GCP_API_KEY = 'YOUR_API_KEY' # https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/getting-started

# Script configuration
PLAYLIST_IDS_FILE = 'playlists.txt'
UNLISTED_IDS_BEFORE_2017_FILE = 'unlisted-before-17.txt'

# Read YouTube playlist IDs from file
with open(PLAYLIST_IDS_FILE) as f:
    playlistIds = f.read().strip().splitlines()

pageToken = ''

# Check each playlist
for playlistId in tqdm(playlistIds, 'Checking playlists', unit='playlists'):
    while True:
        url = f'https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/playlistItems?key={GCP_API_KEY}&part=contentDetails,status&playlistId={playlistId}&maxResults=50&pageToken={pageToken}'
        res = requests.get(url)

        if res.status_code != 200:
            print('API returned non-200 status code, sleeping 3600 seconds')
            print(res.status_code)
            print(res.text)
            time.sleep(3600)

        data = res.json()
        
        unlistedVideos = []
        
        for item in data['items']:
            if item['status']['privacyStatus'] == 'unlisted':
                videoDate = datetime.strptime(item['contentDetails']['videoPublishedAt'], '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
                if videoDate.year < 2017:
                    unlistedVideos.append(item['contentDetails']['videoId'])
        
        if len(unlistedVideos) > 0:
            with open(UNLISTED_IDS_BEFORE_2017_FILE, 'a+') as f:
                f.write('\n'.join(unlistedVideos) + '\n')

        pageToken = data.get('nextPageToken', '')

        if pageToken == '':
            break

print(f'Unlisted video ids written to {UNLISTED_IDS_BEFORE_2017_FILE}')

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  B) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  C) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  F) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# script to demonstrate mod10 Message + Key = Ciphertext
# by vjek, 20200426, updated 20230422
###
from getpass import getpass
import random,hashlib,sys

def getphrase():
    #get sha512 of passphrase, use it as rand seed to generate OTP of any length
    #if you wanted true OTP, add ISO 8601 metric date to seed value
    #this permits arbitrary encryption and decryption based on date & passphrase
    passphrase = getpass("Passphrase:")
    if len(passphrase) < 16:
        print("Passphrase too short, enter at least 16 characters.")
        exit()
    hashphrase = hashlib.sha512(passphrase.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
    return hashphrase

def make_custom_dict(rand1):
    #use 00-99 values to map a-zA-Z0-9.. and create custom dictionary for mod10
    # instead of 01 = a and 26=z, the assignment will vary procedurally
    x=0
    my_dict={}
    dictionary = list(range(0,99))
    letters = '''abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789`~!@#$%^&*()-_=+[]\{}|;':",./<>? \n'''
    rand1.shuffle(dictionary) #this shuffle will be procedural based on rand1 seed
    for letter in letters:
        my_dict[letter]="%02d" % dictionary[x]
        x=x+1
    return my_dict

def mod10(num): #this function will discard the tens place of a given two digit number
    num %= 10
    return num

#first, get the hash of a passphrase, as a random seed
hashphrase = getphrase()
rand1=random.Random()
rand1.seed(hashphrase) #use the hashed passphrase as seed
cust_dict=make_custom_dict(rand1)

#take input 
print("Enter the message to encrypt. You may use any printable key on the us-english keyboard, plus space and newline.  End with newline + ctrl-d: ")
cleartext1=sys.stdin.read().rstrip()
if len(cleartext1) < 1:
    print("Your message is too short.")
    exit()

hashclear = hashlib.sha512(cleartext1.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest() #get hash of message
cleartext1=hashclear+cleartext1 #prepend message hash to message

#this produces the message line, using the custom dictionary entries
try:
    cleartext1=''.join(str(cust_dict[c]) for c in cleartext1)
except:
    print("ERROR:Some part of your message exceeded the bounds of the dictionary.")
    exit()

s_len=len(cleartext1)

key1=''
for a in range(0,s_len):
    key1 += str(rand1.randint(0,9)) #create OTP key of message length

ciph1=''
for a in range(0,s_len):
    m1=int(cleartext1[a])
    k1=int(key1[a])
    ciph1 += str(mod10(m1+k1)) #mod10 message + key
print("Your cipher text is:\n"+ciph1)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) mod10
  B) getphrase
  C) make_custom_dict
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# script to demonstrate mod10 Message + Key = Ciphertext
# by vjek, 20200426, updated 20230422
###
from getpass import getpass
import random,hashlib,sys

def getphrase():
    #get sha512 of passphrase, use it as rand seed to generate OTP of any length
    #if you wanted true OTP, add ISO 8601 metric date to seed value
    #this permits arbitrary encryption and decryption based on date & passphrase
    passphrase = getpass("Passphrase:")
    if len(passphrase) < 16:
        print("Passphrase too short, enter at least 16 characters.")
        exit()
    hashphrase = hashlib.sha512(passphrase.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
    return hashphrase

def make_custom_dict(rand1):
    #use 00-99 values to map a-zA-Z0-9.. and create custom dictionary for mod10
    # instead of 01 = a and 26=z, the assignment will vary procedurally
    x=0
    my_dict={}
    dictionary = list(range(0,99))
    letters = '''abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789`~!@#$%^&*()-_=+[]\{}|;':",./<>? \n'''
    rand1.shuffle(dictionary) #this shuffle will be procedural based on rand1 seed
    for letter in letters:
        my_dict[letter]="%02d" % dictionary[x]
        x=x+1
    return my_dict

def mod10(num): #this function will discard the tens place of a given two digit number
    num %= 10
    return num

#first, get the hash of a passphrase, as a random seed
hashphrase = getphrase()
rand1=random.Random()
rand1.seed(hashphrase) #use the hashed passphrase as seed
cust_dict=make_custom_dict(rand1)

#take input 
print("Enter the message to encrypt. You may use any printable key on the us-english keyboard, plus space and newline.  End with newline + ctrl-d: ")
cleartext1=sys.stdin.read().rstrip()
if len(cleartext1) < 1:
    print("Your message is too short.")
    exit()

hashclear = hashlib.sha512(cleartext1.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest() #get hash of message
cleartext1=hashclear+cleartext1 #prepend message hash to message

#this produces the message line, using the custom dictionary entries
try:
    cleartext1=''.join(str(cust_dict[c]) for c in cleartext1)
except:
    print("ERROR:Some part of your message exceeded the bounds of the dictionary.")
    exit()

s_len=len(cleartext1)

key1=''
for a in range(0,s_len):
    key1 += str(rand1.randint(0,9)) #create OTP key of message length

ciph1=''
for a in range(0,s_len):
    m1=int(cleartext1[a])
    k1=int(key1[a])
    ciph1 += str(mod10(m1+k1)) #mod10 message + key
print("Your cipher text is:\n"+ciph1)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: getphrase
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

import json
import requests 

hostname = 'r1.lab.local'
user = 'wwt'
password = 'WWTwwt1!'

# Suppress SSL certificate verification errors
# Using self-signed certificates in lab and therefore will otherwise report verbos
#   SSL validation errors
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()

restconf_url = f"https://{hostname}/restconf/data/"
module_uri = "ietf-interfaces:interfaces"

# Ensure that the Content-Type and Accept header fields are set
headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/yang-data+json',
    'Accept': 'application/yang-data+json'
}

data = {
    "ietf-interfaces:interface": {
        "name": "Loopback1",
        "description": "New Loopback",
        "type": "iana-if-type:softwareLoopback",
        "enabled": "true",
        "ietf-ip:ipv4": {
            "address": [
                {
                    "ip": "1.1.1.1",
                    "netmask": "255.255.255.0"
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

def create():
    # Build the full URL for the request
    interface = "Loopback1"
    full_url = f"{restconf_url}{module_uri}"

    # Convert data dictionary to a string to be used in request
    payload = json.dumps(data)
    response = requests.post(
        full_url, auth=(user, password), headers=headers, data=payload, verify=False
    )

    if response.ok:
        print(f'Successfully Created {interface}')
    else:
        print(f'Could not create Interface \n{response}')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    create()
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  B) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  C) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  D) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  E) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: A