OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import mimetypes, os, urllib
from repository import Repository
from flask import Flask, request, g, send_file, abort, \
     render_template, Response

# default configuration
DATABASE = os.getenv('HTMLZ_REPO', '/storage/Served EBooks')

# create app object
app = Flask(__name__)


def get_repo():
    # This attaches a repository instance to "g" or the global request context.
    # This way, only one database connection per http request gets created, even if you
    # make multiple calls to get_repo().
    repo = getattr(g, 'repository', None)
    if repo is None:
        repo = Repository(DATABASE)
        g.repository = repo

    return repo


# called automatically when we're done a request
@app.teardown_appcontext
def teardown(exception):
    if exception is not None:
        print(exception)


@app.route('/')
def list_books() -> object:
    books = get_repo().list_books()

    base_path = request.headers.get('X-Request-Uri')
    if base_path is None:
        base_path = ''

    return render_template('list_books.html', books=books, base_path=base_path)


@app.route('/<name>')
def view_book(name: str) -> object:
    if '.css' in name:
        referer = request.headers.get('Referer')
        resource_name = parse_referer(referer)
        path = os.path.join(get_repo().root_path, resource_name, name)
        return create_file_response(path)

    path = get_repo().get_path(name)

    if path is None:
        abort(404)  # 404 Not Found

    return create_file_response(path)


@app.route('/images/<name>')
def view_resource(name: str):
    referer = request.headers.get('Referer')
    resource_name = parse_referer(referer)
    path = os.path.join(get_repo().root_path, resource_name, 'images/', name)
    return create_file_response(path)


def parse_referer(value: str) -> str:
    sections = value.split('/')
    url_encoded_referer = sections[len(sections) - 1]
    return urllib.parse.unquote(url_encoded_referer)


def create_file_response(path: str) -> object:
    m_type = mimetypes.guess_type(path)[0]
    try:
        return send_file(path, mimetype=m_type)
    except IOError as e:
        return Response(e, mimetype='application/plain', status=400)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # This code path should run for development only.
    # gevent_srv.py should be used in a production environment
    app.run(debug=True, threaded=True, host='0.0.0.0')

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) create_file_response
  B) view_book
  C) teardown
  D) list_books
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import mimetypes, os, urllib
from repository import Repository
from flask import Flask, request, g, send_file, abort, \
     render_template, Response

# default configuration
DATABASE = os.getenv('HTMLZ_REPO', '/storage/Served EBooks')

# create app object
app = Flask(__name__)


def get_repo():
    # This attaches a repository instance to "g" or the global request context.
    # This way, only one database connection per http request gets created, even if you
    # make multiple calls to get_repo().
    repo = getattr(g, 'repository', None)
    if repo is None:
        repo = Repository(DATABASE)
        g.repository = repo

    return repo


# called automatically when we're done a request
@app.teardown_appcontext
def teardown(exception):
    if exception is not None:
        print(exception)


@app.route('/')
def list_books() -> object:
    books = get_repo().list_books()

    base_path = request.headers.get('X-Request-Uri')
    if base_path is None:
        base_path = ''

    return render_template('list_books.html', books=books, base_path=base_path)


@app.route('/<name>')
def view_book(name: str) -> object:
    if '.css' in name:
        referer = request.headers.get('Referer')
        resource_name = parse_referer(referer)
        path = os.path.join(get_repo().root_path, resource_name, name)
        return create_file_response(path)

    path = get_repo().get_path(name)

    if path is None:
        abort(404)  # 404 Not Found

    return create_file_response(path)


@app.route('/images/<name>')
def view_resource(name: str):
    referer = request.headers.get('Referer')
    resource_name = parse_referer(referer)
    path = os.path.join(get_repo().root_path, resource_name, 'images/', name)
    return create_file_response(path)


def parse_referer(value: str) -> str:
    sections = value.split('/')
    url_encoded_referer = sections[len(sections) - 1]
    return urllib.parse.unquote(url_encoded_referer)


def create_file_response(path: str) -> object:
    m_type = mimetypes.guess_type(path)[0]
    try:
        return send_file(path, mimetype=m_type)
    except IOError as e:
        return Response(e, mimetype='application/plain', status=400)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # This code path should run for development only.
    # gevent_srv.py should be used in a production environment
    app.run(debug=True, threaded=True, host='0.0.0.0')

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: create_file_response
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import mimetypes, os, urllib
from repository import Repository
from flask import Flask, request, g, send_file, abort, \
     render_template, Response

# default configuration
DATABASE = os.getenv('HTMLZ_REPO', '/storage/Served EBooks')

# create app object
app = Flask(__name__)


def get_repo():
    # This attaches a repository instance to "g" or the global request context.
    # This way, only one database connection per http request gets created, even if you
    # make multiple calls to get_repo().
    repo = getattr(g, 'repository', None)
    if repo is None:
        repo = Repository(DATABASE)
        g.repository = repo

    return repo


# called automatically when we're done a request
@app.teardown_appcontext
def teardown(exception):
    if exception is not None:
        print(exception)


@app.route('/')
def list_books() -> object:
    books = get_repo().list_books()

    base_path = request.headers.get('X-Request-Uri')
    if base_path is None:
        base_path = ''

    return render_template('list_books.html', books=books, base_path=base_path)


@app.route('/<name>')
def view_book(name: str) -> object:
    if '.css' in name:
        referer = request.headers.get('Referer')
        resource_name = parse_referer(referer)
        path = os.path.join(get_repo().root_path, resource_name, name)
        return create_file_response(path)

    path = get_repo().get_path(name)

    if path is None:
        abort(404)  # 404 Not Found

    return create_file_response(path)


@app.route('/images/<name>')
def view_resource(name: str):
    referer = request.headers.get('Referer')
    resource_name = parse_referer(referer)
    path = os.path.join(get_repo().root_path, resource_name, 'images/', name)
    return create_file_response(path)


def parse_referer(value: str) -> str:
    sections = value.split('/')
    url_encoded_referer = sections[len(sections) - 1]
    return urllib.parse.unquote(url_encoded_referer)


def create_file_response(path: str) -> object:
    m_type = mimetypes.guess_type(path)[0]
    try:
        return send_file(path, mimetype=m_type)
    except IOError as e:
        return Response(e, mimetype='application/plain', status=400)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # This code path should run for development only.
    # gevent_srv.py should be used in a production environment
    app.run(debug=True, threaded=True, host='0.0.0.0')

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: create_file_response
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import abc
import six


@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
class BaseEngine(object):

    device = None

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def get_properties(self):
        """Return the device information
        """


def run_command(cmd, node_ip, username, password):
    # Replace this code by the SSH module
    import paramiko
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    ssh_client.connect(hostname=node_ip,
                       username=username, password=password)
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command(cmd)
    return stdout.readlines()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  B) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  D) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  E) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import abc
import six


@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
class BaseEngine(object):

    device = None

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def get_properties(self):
        """Return the device information
        """


def run_command(cmd, node_ip, username, password):
    # Replace this code by the SSH module
    import paramiko
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    ssh_client.connect(hostname=node_ip,
                       username=username, password=password)
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command(cmd)
    return stdout.readlines()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) get_properties
  B) BaseEngine
  C) run_command
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Handle Songlink Stuff"""
import os
from typing import Optional

import requests
from urlextract import URLExtract


EXTRACTOR = URLExtract()


def extract_link(text: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """Extract the URL for the music service"""
    for url in EXTRACTOR.find_urls(text):
        if \
            'open.spotify.com' in url or \
            'music.apple.com' in url:
            return url
        return None


def get_link(link: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """Get a global link from songlink"""
    result: str = None
    response = requests.get(
        url="https://api.song.link/v1-alpha.1/links",
        params={
            "url": link,
            "key": os.environ["SONGLINK_KEY"],
        },)
    if response.status_code == 200:
        result = response.json()['pageUrl']

    return result

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  F) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Handle Songlink Stuff"""
import os
from typing import Optional

import requests
from urlextract import URLExtract


EXTRACTOR = URLExtract()


def extract_link(text: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """Extract the URL for the music service"""
    for url in EXTRACTOR.find_urls(text):
        if \
            'open.spotify.com' in url or \
            'music.apple.com' in url:
            return url
        return None


def get_link(link: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """Get a global link from songlink"""
    result: str = None
    response = requests.get(
        url="https://api.song.link/v1-alpha.1/links",
        params={
            "url": link,
            "key": os.environ["SONGLINK_KEY"],
        },)
    if response.status_code == 200:
        result = response.json()['pageUrl']

    return result

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: extract_link
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from jinja2 import Template
from generate_receipt import generate_receipt, verify_receipt
from simple_qr import encoding, decoding
import time
import json
import argparse

saved_QR = {}

def create_html_receipt(receipt, name,  filepath):
    path = encoding(receipt, name)

    with open('receipt_template.html', "r") as f:
        contents = f.read()
        Template(contents).stream(qr_image=path).dump(filepath)


if __name__=='__main__':
    # sample data for receipt
    data = {
        "ID": "",
        "Person": "User1",
        "Ticket": "Normal",
        "Price": 50,
        "Paid": True,
        "Time_Stamp": time.time(),
        "Signature": "",
    }

    receipt = generate_receipt(json.dumps(data))
    print(verify_receipt(receipt))

    create_html_receipt(receipt, "example1.png", "example.html")
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  B) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  C) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  F) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import urllib
import os
import hashlib
import random
import requests
import json
import sys
import re
from flask import Flask, request, render_template


def dealInput(content):
    #rep = r'[^\u4e00-\u9fa5]'
    #newStr = re.sub(rep, '', content)
    if content == '':
        return '这是一只鸟'
    else:
        return content



defaultencoding = 'utf-8'
if sys.getdefaultencoding() != defaultencoding:
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding(defaultencoding)
app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def homepage():
    return render_template('homepage.html')


@app.route('/show', methods=['POST'])
def show():
    content = request.form['input']
    appKey = '' # youdao app appkey
    secretKey = '' # youdao app secretKey
    content = dealInput(content)
    print(content)
    myurl = 'https://openapi.youdao.com/api'
    q = content.encode('utf-8')
    q=dealInput(q)
    print(q)

    fromLang = 'zh-CHS'
    toLang = 'EN'
    salt = random.randint(1, 65536)
    sign = appKey + q + str(salt) + secretKey
    m1 = hashlib.md5()
    m1.update(sign.encode('utf-8'))
    sign = m1.hexdigest()
    myurl = myurl + '?appKey=' + appKey + '&q=' + urllib.quote(q) + '&from=' + fromLang + '&to=' + toLang + '&salt=' + str(salt) + '&sign=' + sign

    try:
        http = requests.get(myurl)
        result = json.loads(http.text)['translation'][0]
        result=result.lower()
        print(result)
    except:
        print('error')

    py = "cd ./static/code/ && ./generate0.sh " + "\"" + result + "\"  " +" &"
    command = "echo this is command" + "&&" + "ls"   #command for test
    os.system(py)
    return render_template('show.html')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) homepage
  B) dealInput
  C) show
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# example_webserver.py #
########################

from flask import Flask, request

import praw

app = Flask(__name__)

CLIENT_ID = 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID'
CLIENT_SECRET = 'YOUR CLIENT SECRET'
REDIRECT_URI = 'http://127.0.0.1:65010/authorize_callback'

@app.route('/')
def homepage():
    link_no_refresh = r.get_authorize_url('UniqueKey')
    link_refresh = r.get_authorize_url('DifferentUniqueKey',
                                       refreshable=True)
    link_no_refresh = "<a href=%s>link</a>" % link_no_refresh
    link_refresh = "<a href=%s>link</a>" % link_refresh
    text = "First link. Not refreshable %s</br></br>" % link_no_refresh
    text += "Second link. Refreshable %s</br></br>" % link_refresh
    return text

@app.route('/authorize_callback')
def authorized():
    state = request.args.get('state', '')
    code = request.args.get('code', '')
    info = r.get_access_information(code)
    user = r.get_me()
    variables_text = "State=%s, code=%s, info=%s." % (state, code,
                                                      str(info))
    text = 'You are %s and have %u link karma.' % (user.name,
                                                   user.link_karma)
    back_link = "<a href='/'>Try again</a>"
    return variables_text + '</br></br>' + text + '</br></br>' + back_link

if __name__ == '__main__':
    r = praw.Reddit('OAuth Webserver example by u/_Daimon_ ver 0.1. See '
                    'https://praw.readthedocs.org/en/latest/'
                    'pages/oauth.html for more info.')
    r.set_oauth_app_info(CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET, REDIRECT_URI)
    app.run(debug=True, port=65010)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) homepage
  B) authorized
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, make_response, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/read')
def read():
    username = request.cookies.get('username', 'NOT_FOUND')

    resp = app.make_response(username)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"
    return resp


@app.route('/write')
def write():
    text = 'foobar'
    resp = app.make_response(text)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"

    resp.set_cookie('username', text)
    return resp

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  B) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  C) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: A,D,E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, make_response, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/read')
def read():
    username = request.cookies.get('username', 'NOT_FOUND')

    resp = app.make_response(username)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"
    return resp


@app.route('/write')
def write():
    text = 'foobar'
    resp = app.make_response(text)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"

    resp.set_cookie('username', text)
    return resp

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag` vulnerability?

  A) read
  B) write
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, make_response, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/read')
def read():
    username = request.cookies.get('username', 'NOT_FOUND')

    resp = app.make_response(username)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"
    return resp


@app.route('/write')
def write():
    text = 'foobar'
    resp = app.make_response(text)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"

    resp.set_cookie('username', text)
    return resp

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag` vulnerability.
Answer: write
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, make_response, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/read')
def read():
    username = request.cookies.get('username', 'NOT_FOUND')

    resp = app.make_response(username)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"
    return resp


@app.route('/write')
def write():
    text = 'foobar'
    resp = app.make_response(text)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"

    resp.set_cookie('username', text)
    return resp

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute` vulnerability.
Answer: write
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, make_response, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/read')
def read():
    username = request.cookies.get('username', 'NOT_FOUND')

    resp = app.make_response(username)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"
    return resp


@app.route('/write')
def write():
    text = 'foobar'
    resp = app.make_response(text)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"

    resp.set_cookie('username', text)
    return resp

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) read
  B) write
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, make_response, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/read')
def read():
    username = request.cookies.get('username', 'NOT_FOUND')

    resp = app.make_response(username)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"
    return resp


@app.route('/write')
def write():
    text = 'foobar'
    resp = app.make_response(text)
    resp.mimetype = "text/plain"

    resp.set_cookie('username', text)
    return resp

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: read
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import string
import hashlib

from django.conf import settings

def generate_random_string(length,
                           stringset="".join(
                               [string.ascii_letters+string.digits]
                           )):
    """
    Returns a string with `length` characters chosen from `stringset`
    >>> len(generate_random_string(20) == 20 
    """
    return "".join([stringset[i%len(stringset)] \
        for i in [ord(x) for x in os.urandom(length)]])

def salted_hash(string):
    return hashlib.sha1(":)".join([
        string,
        settings.SECRET_KEY,
    ])).hexdigest()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  D) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import string
import hashlib

from django.conf import settings

def generate_random_string(length,
                           stringset="".join(
                               [string.ascii_letters+string.digits]
                           )):
    """
    Returns a string with `length` characters chosen from `stringset`
    >>> len(generate_random_string(20) == 20 
    """
    return "".join([stringset[i%len(stringset)] \
        for i in [ord(x) for x in os.urandom(length)]])

def salted_hash(string):
    return hashlib.sha1(":)".join([
        string,
        settings.SECRET_KEY,
    ])).hexdigest()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: salted_hash
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import asyncio
import configparser
from datetime import datetime
import json
import signal
import sys
import time
from urllib.parse import urlparse

RETRIES = 10


async def send_auth(reader, writer, user, password):
    auth = {"params": [user, password], "id": 2, "method": "mining.authorize"}
    print(f'send: {auth}')
    writer.write(f'{json.dumps(auth)}\n'.encode())

    line = await reader.readline()
    print(f'auth response: {line}')


def send_subscribe(writer):
    subscribe = {"id": 1, "method": "mining.subscribe", "params": []}
    writer.write(f'{json.dumps(subscribe)}\n'.encode())


async def pool_listener(poolname, url, user, password):
    parsed = urlparse(url)
    timestamp = datetime.now().isoformat(timespec='minutes')
    with open(f'./data/{poolname}-{timestamp}.json', 'wt') as file:
        for i in range(RETRIES):
            try:
                reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(
                    parsed.hostname, parsed.port)

                send_subscribe(writer)
                await send_auth(reader, writer, user, password)

                while True:
                    line = await reader.readline()
                    msg = json.loads(line.decode())
                    msg["r"] = datetime.now().isoformat()
                    file.write(json.dumps(msg)+'\n')
                    file.flush()
            except:
                if i < RETRIES:
                    time.sleep(5)
                    print(f'Reconnecting {poolname}')
                    continue
                else:
                    raise


async def run_with(config):
    tasks = []
    for pool in config.sections():
        if not config[pool].getboolean("enabled"):
            continue
        print(f'Starting {pool}')
        task = asyncio.create_task(
            pool_listener(pool, config[pool]["url"],
                          config[pool]["user"], config[pool]["password"]))
        tasks.append(task)

    def signal_handler(sig, frame):
        print('Stopping..')
        for task in tasks:
            task.cancel()
        print('Stopped.')
        sys.exit(0)

    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)

    for task in tasks:
        await task


if __name__ == "__main__":
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
    config.read("pools.ini")
    asyncio.run(run_with(config))


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) run_with
  B) pool_listener
  C) send_subscribe
  D) send_auth
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from base64 import b64encode, b64decode
from pwn import *
from string import printable

from Crypto.Cipher import AES

key = '!_SECRETSOURCE_!'

p = remote('pwn-2021.duc.tf', 31914)

# for n in range(len(key) + 1, 17):
#     p.sendlineafter(b"Enter plaintext:\n", b"A"*n)
#     chunk4 = b64decode(p.recvline(keepends=False))[48:]
#     for char in printable:
#         p.sendlineafter(b"Enter plaintext:\n", char.encode()+ key.encode() + b"0"*(16 - n))
#         chunk3 = b64decode(p.recvline(keepends=False))[32:48]
#         print(f'{chunk4.hex() = }\n{chunk3.hex() = }\n{char = }')
#         if chunk3 == chunk4:
#             print(f'{key = }, {char = }')
#             key = char + key
#             break
# print(key)

p.sendlineafter(b"Enter plaintext:\n", b"")
c_flag = b64decode(p.recvline(keepends=False))[:32]

decipher = AES.new(key.encode(), AES.MODE_ECB)

print(decipher.decrypt(c_flag))

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  D) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  E) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  F) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

from pathlib import Path

import click
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader


@click.command()
@click.argument('template', type=click.Path(dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True))
@click.option('--output', type=click.Path(dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True))
def form(template, output):
    """Render the membership form template.

    A template "foo.j2" will be rendered to "foo.html", unless the --output
    parameter is used.
    """
    template_path = Path(template)
    base_path = template_path.parent
    if output is None:
        output_path = base_path.joinpath(template_path.stem + '.html')
    else:
        output_path = Path(output)

    env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(str(base_path)))
    template = env.get_template(template_path.name)
    template.stream().dump(str(output_path), encoding='utf-8')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    form()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  C) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  F) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import sys
import datetime

import git
from jinja2 import Template


def git_root():
    root, = os.popen('git rev-parse --show-toplevel')
    return root.strip()


def get_last_changed(fname):
    repo = git.Repo(git_root())
    blame = repo.blame('HEAD', os.path.abspath(fname))
    line_dt = {line: commit.authored_datetime for commit, block in blame for line in block}
    def key(reqline):
        last_modified = line_dt.get(reqline, datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc))
        return last_modified, reqline
    return key


def read_requirements(fname):
    with open(fname) as f:
        req_lines = filter(None, f.read().splitlines())  # todo also need to filter out comments etc. but whatever
    return sorted(req_lines, key=get_last_changed(fname))


ADD_REQUIREMENTS_MACRO = """
{%- macro add_requirements(fname, args="") -%}
# Requirements populated from {{fname}}
{% for requirement in read_requirements(fname) -%}
RUN pip install {{ args }} "{{ requirement }}" 
{% endfor -%}
{%- endmacro -%}
"""


def main(dockerfile_fname=None):
    if dockerfile_fname is None:
        dockerfile_fname = sys.argv[1]
    with open(dockerfile_fname, 'r') as f:
        template = Template('\n'.join((ADD_REQUIREMENTS_MACRO, f.read())))
    print(template.render(read_requirements=read_requirements))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv[1])


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) key
  B) get_last_changed
  C) main
  D) read_requirements
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import sys
import datetime

import git
from jinja2 import Template


def git_root():
    root, = os.popen('git rev-parse --show-toplevel')
    return root.strip()


def get_last_changed(fname):
    repo = git.Repo(git_root())
    blame = repo.blame('HEAD', os.path.abspath(fname))
    line_dt = {line: commit.authored_datetime for commit, block in blame for line in block}
    def key(reqline):
        last_modified = line_dt.get(reqline, datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc))
        return last_modified, reqline
    return key


def read_requirements(fname):
    with open(fname) as f:
        req_lines = filter(None, f.read().splitlines())  # todo also need to filter out comments etc. but whatever
    return sorted(req_lines, key=get_last_changed(fname))


ADD_REQUIREMENTS_MACRO = """
{%- macro add_requirements(fname, args="") -%}
# Requirements populated from {{fname}}
{% for requirement in read_requirements(fname) -%}
RUN pip install {{ args }} "{{ requirement }}" 
{% endfor -%}
{%- endmacro -%}
"""


def main(dockerfile_fname=None):
    if dockerfile_fname is None:
        dockerfile_fname = sys.argv[1]
    with open(dockerfile_fname, 'r') as f:
        template = Template('\n'.join((ADD_REQUIREMENTS_MACRO, f.read())))
    print(template.render(read_requirements=read_requirements))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv[1])


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: main
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
﻿#!/bin/python3
from flask import Flask, abort, jsonify, request
from flask_cors import CORS

import MeCab
import os

app = Flask(__name__)
cors = CORS(app, resources={r"/mecab/*": {"origins": "*"}})

messages = ['Success', 'Faild']


@app.route('/mecab/v1/parse-ipadic', methods=['POST'])
def parse_ipadic():
    sdict = 'ipadic'
    return parse(sdict)

@app.route('/mecab/v1/parse-neologd', methods=['POST'])
def parse_neologd():
    sdict = 'neologd'
    return parse(sdict)

def parse(sdict):
    if not (request.json and 'sentence' in request.json):
        abort(400)
    sentence = request.json['sentence']

    udicts = []
    if request.json and 'udicts' in request.json:
        udicts = request.json['udicts']

    results = mecab_parse(sentence, sdict, udicts)
    return mecab_response(200, messages[0], results, sdict, udicts)

@app.errorhandler(400)
def error400(error):
    return mecab_response(400, messages[1], None, None, [])


def mecab_response(status, message, results, sdict, udicts):
    return jsonify({'status': status, 'message': message, 'results': results, 'sdict': sdict, 'udicts': udicts}), status


def mecab_parse(sentence, sdic='ipadic', udicts=[]):
    repstr = '****'
    sentence = sentence.replace(' ', repstr) #半角スペースを一旦****に変換する
    dic_dir = "/usr/local/lib/mecab/dic/"
    if sdic == 'neologd':
        dic_name = 'mecab-ipadic-neologd'
    else:
        dic_name = sdic
    tagger_str = '-d ' + dic_dir + dic_name

    for udict in udicts:
        udict_path = dic_dir + 'user/' + udict + '.dic'
        if udict is not None and os.path.exists(udict_path):
            tagger_str += ' -u ' + udict_path
    m = MeCab.Tagger(tagger_str)

    # 出力フォーマット（デフォルト）
    format = ['表層形', '品詞', '品詞細分類1', '品詞細分類2', '品詞細分類3', '活用形', '活用型','原型','読み','発音']
    ret = [dict(zip(format, (lambda x: [x[0]]+x[1].split(','))(p.split('\t')))) for p in m.parse(sentence).split('\n')[:-2]]
    #半角スペースを****に置き換えたものを半角スペースに戻す
    for i in range(len(ret)):
        for k, v in ret[i].items():
            if k == '表層形' and v == repstr:
                ret[i]['表層形'] = ' '
                ret[i]['原型'] = ' '
                ret[i]['品詞'] = '記号'
                ret[i]['品詞細分類1'] = '空白'
                ret[i]['読み'] = ' '
                ret[i]['発音'] = ' '
                break
    return ret

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) parse_neologd
  B) parse_ipadic
  C) error400
  D) mecab_parse
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
﻿#!/bin/python3
from flask import Flask, abort, jsonify, request
from flask_cors import CORS

import MeCab
import os

app = Flask(__name__)
cors = CORS(app, resources={r"/mecab/*": {"origins": "*"}})

messages = ['Success', 'Faild']


@app.route('/mecab/v1/parse-ipadic', methods=['POST'])
def parse_ipadic():
    sdict = 'ipadic'
    return parse(sdict)

@app.route('/mecab/v1/parse-neologd', methods=['POST'])
def parse_neologd():
    sdict = 'neologd'
    return parse(sdict)

def parse(sdict):
    if not (request.json and 'sentence' in request.json):
        abort(400)
    sentence = request.json['sentence']

    udicts = []
    if request.json and 'udicts' in request.json:
        udicts = request.json['udicts']

    results = mecab_parse(sentence, sdict, udicts)
    return mecab_response(200, messages[0], results, sdict, udicts)

@app.errorhandler(400)
def error400(error):
    return mecab_response(400, messages[1], None, None, [])


def mecab_response(status, message, results, sdict, udicts):
    return jsonify({'status': status, 'message': message, 'results': results, 'sdict': sdict, 'udicts': udicts}), status


def mecab_parse(sentence, sdic='ipadic', udicts=[]):
    repstr = '****'
    sentence = sentence.replace(' ', repstr) #半角スペースを一旦****に変換する
    dic_dir = "/usr/local/lib/mecab/dic/"
    if sdic == 'neologd':
        dic_name = 'mecab-ipadic-neologd'
    else:
        dic_name = sdic
    tagger_str = '-d ' + dic_dir + dic_name

    for udict in udicts:
        udict_path = dic_dir + 'user/' + udict + '.dic'
        if udict is not None and os.path.exists(udict_path):
            tagger_str += ' -u ' + udict_path
    m = MeCab.Tagger(tagger_str)

    # 出力フォーマット（デフォルト）
    format = ['表層形', '品詞', '品詞細分類1', '品詞細分類2', '品詞細分類3', '活用形', '活用型','原型','読み','発音']
    ret = [dict(zip(format, (lambda x: [x[0]]+x[1].split(','))(p.split('\t')))) for p in m.parse(sentence).split('\n')[:-2]]
    #半角スペースを****に置き換えたものを半角スペースに戻す
    for i in range(len(ret)):
        for k, v in ret[i].items():
            if k == '表層形' and v == repstr:
                ret[i]['表層形'] = ' '
                ret[i]['原型'] = ' '
                ret[i]['品詞'] = '記号'
                ret[i]['品詞細分類1'] = '空白'
                ret[i]['読み'] = ' '
                ret[i]['発音'] = ' '
                break
    return ret

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: mecab_parse