OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

import os, socket, errno, types, tempfile

class NetworkError(IOError):
    pass

class FileError(IOError):
    pass

def updArgs(args, newarg=None):
    if isinstance(args, IOError):
        myargs = []
        myargs.extend([arg for arg in args])
    else:
        myargs = list(args)

    if newarg:
        myargs.append(newarg)

    return tuple(myargs)

def fileArgs(thefile, mode, args):
    if args[0] == errno.EACCES and \
            'access' in dir(os):
        perms = ''
        permd = {'r': os.R_OK, 'w': os.W_OK,
            'x': os.X_OK}
        pkeys = permd.keys()
        pkeys.sort()
        pkeys.reverse()

        for eachPerm in 'rwx':
            if os.access(thefile, permd[eachPerm]):
                perms += eachPerm
            else:
                perms += '-'

        if isinstance(args, IOError):
            myargs = []
            myargs.extend([arg for arg in args])
        else:
            myargs = list(args)

        myargs[1] = "'%s' %s (perms: '%s')"% \
            (mode, myargs[1], perms)

        myargs.append(args.filename)

    else:
        myargs = args

    return tuple(myargs)

def myconnect(sock, host, port):
    try:
        sock.connect((host, port))

    except socket.error, args:
        myargs = updArgs(args)  # conv inst2tuple
        if len(myargs) == 1:  # no #s on some errs
            myargs = (errno.ENXIO, myargs[0])

        raise NetworkError, \
            updArgs(myargs, host + ': ' + str(port))

def myopen(thefile, mode='r'):
    try:
        fo = open(thefile, mode)
    except IOError, args:
        raise FileError, fileArgs(thefile, mode, args)

    return fo

def testfile():

    thefile = tempfile.mktemp()
    f = open(thefile, 'w')
    f.close()

    for eachTest in ((0, 'r'), (0100, 'r'),
            (0400, 'w'), (0500, 'w')):
        try:
            os.chmod(thefile, eachTest[0])
            f = myopen(thefile, eachTest[1])

        except FileError, args:
            print "%s: %s"% \
                (args.__class__.__name__, args)
    else:
        print thefile, "opened ok... perm ignored"
        f.close()

    os.chmod(thefile, 0777)# enable all perms
    os.unlink(thefile)

def testnet():
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,
        socket.SOCK_STREAM)

    for eachHost in ('deli', 'www'):
        try:
            myconnect(s, eachHost, 8080)
        except NetworkError, args:
            print "%s: %s"% \
                (args.__class__.__name__, args)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    testfile()
    testnet()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File` vulnerability?

  A) testnet
  B) updArgs
  C) testfile
  D) fileArgs
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

import os, socket, errno, types, tempfile

class NetworkError(IOError):
    pass

class FileError(IOError):
    pass

def updArgs(args, newarg=None):
    if isinstance(args, IOError):
        myargs = []
        myargs.extend([arg for arg in args])
    else:
        myargs = list(args)

    if newarg:
        myargs.append(newarg)

    return tuple(myargs)

def fileArgs(thefile, mode, args):
    if args[0] == errno.EACCES and \
            'access' in dir(os):
        perms = ''
        permd = {'r': os.R_OK, 'w': os.W_OK,
            'x': os.X_OK}
        pkeys = permd.keys()
        pkeys.sort()
        pkeys.reverse()

        for eachPerm in 'rwx':
            if os.access(thefile, permd[eachPerm]):
                perms += eachPerm
            else:
                perms += '-'

        if isinstance(args, IOError):
            myargs = []
            myargs.extend([arg for arg in args])
        else:
            myargs = list(args)

        myargs[1] = "'%s' %s (perms: '%s')"% \
            (mode, myargs[1], perms)

        myargs.append(args.filename)

    else:
        myargs = args

    return tuple(myargs)

def myconnect(sock, host, port):
    try:
        sock.connect((host, port))

    except socket.error, args:
        myargs = updArgs(args)  # conv inst2tuple
        if len(myargs) == 1:  # no #s on some errs
            myargs = (errno.ENXIO, myargs[0])

        raise NetworkError, \
            updArgs(myargs, host + ': ' + str(port))

def myopen(thefile, mode='r'):
    try:
        fo = open(thefile, mode)
    except IOError, args:
        raise FileError, fileArgs(thefile, mode, args)

    return fo

def testfile():

    thefile = tempfile.mktemp()
    f = open(thefile, 'w')
    f.close()

    for eachTest in ((0, 'r'), (0100, 'r'),
            (0400, 'w'), (0500, 'w')):
        try:
            os.chmod(thefile, eachTest[0])
            f = myopen(thefile, eachTest[1])

        except FileError, args:
            print "%s: %s"% \
                (args.__class__.__name__, args)
    else:
        print thefile, "opened ok... perm ignored"
        f.close()

    os.chmod(thefile, 0777)# enable all perms
    os.unlink(thefile)

def testnet():
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,
        socket.SOCK_STREAM)

    for eachHost in ('deli', 'www'):
        try:
            myconnect(s, eachHost, 8080)
        except NetworkError, args:
            print "%s: %s"% \
                (args.__class__.__name__, args)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    testfile()
    testnet()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File` vulnerability.
Answer: testfile
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

import os, socket, errno, types, tempfile

class NetworkError(IOError):
    pass

class FileError(IOError):
    pass

def updArgs(args, newarg=None):
    if isinstance(args, IOError):
        myargs = []
        myargs.extend([arg for arg in args])
    else:
        myargs = list(args)

    if newarg:
        myargs.append(newarg)

    return tuple(myargs)

def fileArgs(thefile, mode, args):
    if args[0] == errno.EACCES and \
            'access' in dir(os):
        perms = ''
        permd = {'r': os.R_OK, 'w': os.W_OK,
            'x': os.X_OK}
        pkeys = permd.keys()
        pkeys.sort()
        pkeys.reverse()

        for eachPerm in 'rwx':
            if os.access(thefile, permd[eachPerm]):
                perms += eachPerm
            else:
                perms += '-'

        if isinstance(args, IOError):
            myargs = []
            myargs.extend([arg for arg in args])
        else:
            myargs = list(args)

        myargs[1] = "'%s' %s (perms: '%s')"% \
            (mode, myargs[1], perms)

        myargs.append(args.filename)

    else:
        myargs = args

    return tuple(myargs)

def myconnect(sock, host, port):
    try:
        sock.connect((host, port))

    except socket.error, args:
        myargs = updArgs(args)  # conv inst2tuple
        if len(myargs) == 1:  # no #s on some errs
            myargs = (errno.ENXIO, myargs[0])

        raise NetworkError, \
            updArgs(myargs, host + ': ' + str(port))

def myopen(thefile, mode='r'):
    try:
        fo = open(thefile, mode)
    except IOError, args:
        raise FileError, fileArgs(thefile, mode, args)

    return fo

def testfile():

    thefile = tempfile.mktemp()
    f = open(thefile, 'w')
    f.close()

    for eachTest in ((0, 'r'), (0100, 'r'),
            (0400, 'w'), (0500, 'w')):
        try:
            os.chmod(thefile, eachTest[0])
            f = myopen(thefile, eachTest[1])

        except FileError, args:
            print "%s: %s"% \
                (args.__class__.__name__, args)
    else:
        print thefile, "opened ok... perm ignored"
        f.close()

    os.chmod(thefile, 0777)# enable all perms
    os.unlink(thefile)

def testnet():
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,
        socket.SOCK_STREAM)

    for eachHost in ('deli', 'www'):
        try:
            myconnect(s, eachHost, 8080)
        except NetworkError, args:
            print "%s: %s"% \
                (args.__class__.__name__, args)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    testfile()
    testnet()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource` vulnerability.
Answer: testfile
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Package: venn
Module: draw

This package provides functions for computing all sections of Venn diagrams.
Functionality for drawing the diagrams in SVG format is also provided. Input
can be sets or lists.

The length of the input, i.e., the number of individual sets/lists is arbitrary.
However, diagrmas can only be drawn up to length 5 - above that it gets too
confusing anyway.

Created on Mon Jun 15 15:34:04 2015

@author: kp14
"""
import sys
from jinja2 import Environment, PackageLoader

from . import compute


def draw(data, labels=None):
    '''Draws Venn diagrams for data sets/lists.

    At maximum, five sets/lists will be accepted. If not labels are provided,
    uppercase letters will be used.

    Args:
        data (list): List of sets/lists.
        labels (list): List of labels.

    Returns:
        SVG: Rendered Venn diagram.
    '''
    data_length = len(data)

    if data_length > 5:
        sys.exit('Too many sets/lists in data. Maximum is five.')

    lbls = _create_label_dict(labels, data_length)

    for key, val in compute.compute_sections(data, mode='length'):
        key_string = _numerical_iterable2string(key)
        lbls[key_string] = str(val)

    env = Environment(loader=PackageLoader('venndy', 'templates'))
    template = env.get_template('{}_set.svg'.format(str(data_length)))

    return template.render(lbls)



def _create_label_dict(labels, data_length):
    '''Create key-value pairs for filling in the SVG template on rendering.

    Args:
        labels (list): Lables for the datasets.
        data_length (int): Number of data sets.

    Returns:
        dict: with labels
    '''
    default = 'ABCDE'
    label_dict = {'A':None,
                  'B': None,
                  'C': None,
                  'D': None,
                  'E': None}

    if labels:
        if not len(labels) == data_length:
            sys.exit('Incorrect number of labels for data set.')
        else:
            for k, v in zip(default, labels):
                label_dict[k] = str(v)
    else:
        for lbl in default:
            label_dict[lbl] = lbl

    return label_dict


def _numerical_iterable2string(iterable):
    '''Translate sequences like (0,1,0,0,1) to OIOOI.

    Args:
        iterable: iterable with sequence consisting of 0's and 1's

    Returns:
        str
    '''
    return ''.join(['I' if x else 'O' for x in iterable])

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) draw
  B) _create_label_dict
  C) _numerical_iterable2string
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python

# coding: utf-8

import re
class Tweet_processing:
    """
    A helper class for processing tweets. Input: unprocessed tweets
    """
    emojis = re.compile("["
                u"\U0001F600-\U0001F64F"  # emoticons
                u"\U0001F300-\U0001F5FF"  # symbols & pictographs
                u"\U0001F680-\U0001F6FF"  # transport & map symbols
                u"\U0001F1E0-\U0001F1FF"  # flags (iOS)
                u"\U00002702-\U000027B0"
                u"\U000024C2-\U0001F251"
                u"\U0001f926-\U0001f937"
                u'\U00010000-\U0010ffff'
                u"\u200d"
                u"\u2640-\u2642"
                u"\u2600-\u2B55"
                u"\u23cf"
                u"\u23e9"
                u"\u231a"
                u"\u3030"
                u"\ufe0f"
        "]+", flags=re.UNICODE)
    hashtags = "(#[A-Za-z0-9_]+)"
    users = "(@[A-Za-z0-9_]+)"
    urls = "(https://t.co/[A-Za-z0-9]+)"
    
    def __init__(self, raw_tweet):
        self.raw_tweet = raw_tweet
    
    def tweet_cleaner(self):
        """
        Remove non-alphabetic characters including emojis, hashtags, tagged user addresss, url and repeated characters
        """
        emoji_remove = Tweet_processing.emojis.sub(r'', self)
        patterns = Tweet_processing.hashtags + "|" + Tweet_processing.users + "|" + Tweet_processing.urls + "|(&[A-Za-z0-9]+)"
        patterns_remove = re.sub(patterns,'', emoji_remove)
        characters_remove = re.sub(r'\W+', ' ', patterns_remove)
        cleaned = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', characters_remove)
    
        return cleaned
        
    def get_emojis(self):
        """
        Find and return a list of all emojis from a unprocessed tweets
        """   
        emojis = re.findall(Tweet_processing.emojis, self)
        return emojis
        
    def get_hashtags(self):
        """
        Find and return a list of all hashtags from a unprocessed tweets
        """
        hashtags = re.findall(Tweet_processing.hashtags, self)
        return hashtags
        
    def get_users(self):
        """
        Find and return a list of all tagged user addresss from a unprocessed tweets
        """
        users = re.findall(Tweet_processing.users, self)
        return users
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) __init__
  B) get_emojis
  C) get_hashtags
  D) Tweet_processing
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import glob
import sys
import os
import argparse
import random

from jinja2 import Template
from weasyprint import HTML, CSS
from PIL import Image


base_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))


def remove_rotated():
    rotated = glob.glob("rotated*")
    for i in rotated:
        os.remove(i)


def parse_args():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("-c", "--count", metavar='N', help="number of photos in the zine",
                        type=int)
    parser.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="destination file", default="output.pdf")
    return parser.parse_args()


def main():
    args = parse_args()
    remove_rotated()

    names = glob.glob('*.jpg')

    names.sort()

    if "cover.jpg" not in names:
        print("Missing cover.jpg in cwd. Exiting.")
        sys.exit(1)

    names.remove("cover.jpg")

    if "back.jpg" not in names:
        print("Missing back.jpg in cwd. Exiting.")
        sys.exit(1)

    names.remove("back.jpg")

    if args.count:
        if len(names) < args.count:
            print("not enough photos for the specificed count")
            sys.exit(1)
        while len(names) != args.count:
            names.pop(random.randrange(len(names)))

    # mangle for printing a booklet
    uturn = list()

    for i in range(int(len(names) / 2)):
        uturn.append(names[i])
        uturn.append(names[-i - 1])

    mangled = list()

    # every other pair is reversed

    for idx, p in enumerate(zip(uturn[::2], uturn[1::2])):
        if idx % 2 == 0:
            mangled.append(p[0])
            mangled.append(p[1])
        else:
            mangled.append(p[1])
            mangled.append(p[0])

    # rotate appropriately portraits images
    for idx, f in enumerate(mangled):
        im = Image.open(f)
        if im.size[0] < im.size[1]:
            if idx % 2 == 1:
                out = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_270)
            else:
                out = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_90)
            outname = "rotated-" + f
            mangled[idx] = outname
            out.save(outname)

    with open(base_path + '/static/template.html.jinja2') as file_:
        template = Template(file_.read())
        source = template.render(photos=mangled)
        with open(base_path + '/static/style.css') as style_:
            html = HTML(string=source, base_url=os.getcwd())
            css = CSS(string=style_.read())
            html.write_pdf(args.output_file, stylesheets=[css])

    remove_rotated()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: main
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import pathlib

from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException
from fastapi.responses import FileResponse

__all__ = ["vue_frontend"]


def _return_if_exists(path):
    if path.exists():
        return FileResponse(path)
    else:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)


def vue_frontend(main___file__: str) -> APIRouter:
    router = APIRouter()

    @router.get("/")
    def get_frontend():
        return _return_if_exists(pathlib.Path(main___file__).parent / "static" / "index.html")

    @router.get("/favicon.ico")
    def get_favicon():
        return _return_if_exists(pathlib.Path(main___file__).parent / "static" / "favicon.ico")

    @router.get("/{folder}/{fname}")
    def get_static(folder: str, fname: str):
        return _return_if_exists(pathlib.Path(main___file__).parent / "static" / folder / fname)

    return router

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  C) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  D) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  E) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  F) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python




"""
[M] Given an array of intervals representing 'N' appointments, find out if 
a person can attend all the appointments.

Example 1:

Appointments: [[1,4], [2,5], [7,9]]
Output: false
Explanation: Since [1,4] and [2,5] overlap, a person cannot attend both of these 
appointments.

"""

# Time: O(nlogn)  Space: O(n)
def can_attend_all_appointments(intervals):
  intervals.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
  start, end = 0, 1
  for i in range(1, len(intervals)):
    if intervals[i][start] < intervals[i-1][end]:
      # please note the comparison above, it is "<" and not "<="
      # while merging we needed "<=" comparison, as we will be merging the two
      # intervals having condition "intervals[i][start] == intervals[i - 1][end]" but
      # such intervals don't represent conflicting appointments as one starts right
      # after the other
      return False
  return True


def main():
  print("Can attend all appointments: " + str(can_attend_all_appointments([[1, 4], [2, 5], [7, 9]])))
  print("Can attend all appointments: " + str(can_attend_all_appointments([[6, 7], [2, 4], [8, 12]])))
  print("Can attend all appointments: " + str(can_attend_all_appointments([[4, 5], [2, 3], [3, 6]])))


main()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) can_attend_all_appointments
  B) main
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python




"""
[M] Given an array of intervals representing 'N' appointments, find out if 
a person can attend all the appointments.

Example 1:

Appointments: [[1,4], [2,5], [7,9]]
Output: false
Explanation: Since [1,4] and [2,5] overlap, a person cannot attend both of these 
appointments.

"""

# Time: O(nlogn)  Space: O(n)
def can_attend_all_appointments(intervals):
  intervals.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
  start, end = 0, 1
  for i in range(1, len(intervals)):
    if intervals[i][start] < intervals[i-1][end]:
      # please note the comparison above, it is "<" and not "<="
      # while merging we needed "<=" comparison, as we will be merging the two
      # intervals having condition "intervals[i][start] == intervals[i - 1][end]" but
      # such intervals don't represent conflicting appointments as one starts right
      # after the other
      return False
  return True


def main():
  print("Can attend all appointments: " + str(can_attend_all_appointments([[1, 4], [2, 5], [7, 9]])))
  print("Can attend all appointments: " + str(can_attend_all_appointments([[6, 7], [2, 4], [8, 12]])))
  print("Can attend all appointments: " + str(can_attend_all_appointments([[4, 5], [2, 3], [3, 6]])))


main()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: main
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
from datetime import datetime
from flask import Flask, render_template, jsonify, redirect, url_for, \
    request, send_from_directory, send_file
from convert import Convert

template_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "./templates"))
app = Flask(__name__,template_folder=template_dir )
app.config.from_object(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "./data"))
ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = ['txt', 'pdf', 'png', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'gif']


@app.route("/home")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")


@app.route('/upload', methods=['POST'])
def upload():

    if request.method == 'POST':

        file = request.files['file']

        if not allowed_file(file.filename):

            return {"status":400, "msg":  "provided file type not supported. "
                                          "Expected pdf document as input"}

        if file and file.filename.endswith("pdf"):

            now = datetime.now()
            filename = os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], "%s.%s" % (now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S-%f"), file.filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1]))
            file.save(filename)
            converter  = Convert(filename)
            converter.extract_text()
            converter.convert_text()
            return_file = converter.create_pdf()

            return send_from_directory(directory=os.path.dirname(return_file),
                                       filename=os.path.basename(return_file),
                                       as_attachment=True)


def allowed_file(filename):
    return '.' in filename and filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1] in ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=5001)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  B) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  C) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  F) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Answer: D,E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
from datetime import datetime
from flask import Flask, render_template, jsonify, redirect, url_for, \
    request, send_from_directory, send_file
from convert import Convert

template_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "./templates"))
app = Flask(__name__,template_folder=template_dir )
app.config.from_object(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "./data"))
ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = ['txt', 'pdf', 'png', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'gif']


@app.route("/home")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")


@app.route('/upload', methods=['POST'])
def upload():

    if request.method == 'POST':

        file = request.files['file']

        if not allowed_file(file.filename):

            return {"status":400, "msg":  "provided file type not supported. "
                                          "Expected pdf document as input"}

        if file and file.filename.endswith("pdf"):

            now = datetime.now()
            filename = os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], "%s.%s" % (now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S-%f"), file.filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1]))
            file.save(filename)
            converter  = Convert(filename)
            converter.extract_text()
            converter.convert_text()
            return_file = converter.create_pdf()

            return send_from_directory(directory=os.path.dirname(return_file),
                                       filename=os.path.basename(return_file),
                                       as_attachment=True)


def allowed_file(filename):
    return '.' in filename and filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1] in ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=5001)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) index
  B) upload
  C) allowed_file
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
from datetime import datetime
from flask import Flask, render_template, jsonify, redirect, url_for, \
    request, send_from_directory, send_file
from convert import Convert

template_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "./templates"))
app = Flask(__name__,template_folder=template_dir )
app.config.from_object(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "./data"))
ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = ['txt', 'pdf', 'png', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'gif']


@app.route("/home")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")


@app.route('/upload', methods=['POST'])
def upload():

    if request.method == 'POST':

        file = request.files['file']

        if not allowed_file(file.filename):

            return {"status":400, "msg":  "provided file type not supported. "
                                          "Expected pdf document as input"}

        if file and file.filename.endswith("pdf"):

            now = datetime.now()
            filename = os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], "%s.%s" % (now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S-%f"), file.filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1]))
            file.save(filename)
            converter  = Convert(filename)
            converter.extract_text()
            converter.convert_text()
            return_file = converter.create_pdf()

            return send_from_directory(directory=os.path.dirname(return_file),
                                       filename=os.path.basename(return_file),
                                       as_attachment=True)


def allowed_file(filename):
    return '.' in filename and filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1] in ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=5001)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: upload
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import json
from flask import Flask, render_template, send_from_directory, \
    request, redirect, url_for, make_response

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/', methods=('GET',))
@app.route('/home', methods=('GET',))
def home():
    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route('/science', methods=('GET',))
def science():
    return render_template('videnskaben.html')


@app.route('/game_setup', methods=('GET', 'POST'))
def game_setup():
    if request.method == "POST":
        # These cookies should expire in 2 years, so users
        # who just want to play right away doesn't have to go 
        # through the form again to submit the same data!
        # Doing that means that the user can just directly go to 
        # the "url_for('game')" url without configuring anything!
        max_age = 60*60*24*365*2

        black_or_white = json.dumps(request.form.get('blackOrWhite') != "on")
        difficulty = json.dumps(request.form.get('difficulty', default=1, type=int))

        respone = make_response(redirect(url_for('game')))

        respone.set_cookie("black_or_white", value=black_or_white, max_age=max_age, path=url_for('game'))
        respone.set_cookie("difficulty", value=difficulty, max_age=max_age, path=url_for('game'))

        # We have to set the cookies for the game_setup page aswell since we need it their too!
        respone.set_cookie("black_or_white", value=black_or_white, max_age=max_age, path=url_for('game_setup'))
        respone.set_cookie("difficulty", value=difficulty, max_age=max_age, path=url_for('game_setup'))

        return respone
    return render_template('game_setup.html')


@app.route('/game', methods=('GET',))
def game():
    return render_template('game.html')


# This function makes sure to return a mandatory favicon for the website
@app.route('/favicon.ico', methods=('GET',))
def favicon():
    return send_from_directory(os.path.join(app.root_path, './static/images'), 'favicon.ico', mimetype='image/x-icon')

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  B) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  C) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  D) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  E) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
    This module shows how to accept BeeCloud webhook push notifications.
    :created by xuanzhui on 2016/04/22.
    :copyright (c) 2015 BeeCloud.
    :license: MIT, see LICENSE for more details.
"""

# 这边只是演示如何接收beecloud webhook推送，实际项目中请遵循Flask项目规范，不要重复创建Flask app入口

# 接收webhook推送需要确保你的服务端地址能够在公网被访问

from flask import Flask, request
from beecloud.entity import BCApp
import hashlib

app = Flask(__name__)

# 请与你支付和退款的app参数保持一致
bc_app = BCApp()
bc_app.app_id = 'c5d1cba1-5e3f-4ba0-941d-9b0a371fe719'
bc_app.app_secret = '39a7a518-9ac8-4a9e-87bc-7885f33cf18c'


'''
推送标准：
	HTTP 请求类型 : POST
	HTTP 数据格式 : JSON
	HTTP Content-type : application/json
'''
@app.route('/webhook', methods=['POST'])
def app_accept_webhook():
	# 获取json数据
	json_data = request.get_json()

	# 第一步：验证数字签名
	# 从beecloud传回的sign
	bc_sign = json_data['sign']

	# 自己计算出sign -- App ID + App Secret + timestamp 的 MD5 生成的签名 (32字符十六进制) 
	timestamp = json_data['timestamp']

	my_sign = hashlib.md5((bc_app.app_id + bc_app.app_secret + str(timestamp)).encode('UTF-8')).hexdigest()

	# 判断两个sign是否一致
	if bc_sign != my_sign:
		return ''

	# 如果一致第一个检验通过
	'''
	理论上说到这一步就可以
	return 'success'
	以下的业务逻辑请根据商户内部需求处理，
	不需要重发了就应该返回success
	'''

	# 第二步：过滤重复的Webhook
	'''
	同一条订单可能会发送多条支付成功的webhook消息，
	这有可能是由支付渠道本身触发的(比如渠道的重试)，
	也有可能是BeeCloud的Webhook重试。
	客户需要根据订单号进行判重，忽略已经处理过的订单号对应的Webhook。
	'''
	# 获取订单号
	bill_num = json_data['transaction_id']
	'''
	以下为伪代码：
	#从自己系统的数据库中根据订单号取出订单数据，如发现已经支付成功，则忽略该订单
	bill_info = db_utils.get_bill_by_num(bill_num)
	if bill_info.pay_result == 'SUCCESS':
		return ''
	'''

	# 第三步：验证订单金额，以分为单位
	bill_fee = json_data['transaction_fee']
	'''
	以下为伪代码：
	# 如果金额不匹配，表明订单可能被篡改
	if bill_info.bill_fee != bill_fee:
		return ''
	'''

	# 如果金额匹配第二个检验通过

	# 第四步：处理业务逻辑和返回
	# 更新你的订单状态
	# update_bill(...)

	# 用户返回 success 字符串给BeeCloud表示 - 正确接收并处理了本次Webhook
	# 其他所有返回都代表需要继续重传本次的Webhook请求
	return 'success'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.debug = True
    # app.run(host='pythondemo.beecloud.cn', port=80)
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0')

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  B) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  C) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  D) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# service apache2 start
# service apache2 stop
# http://10.0.2.13/index.html

# Targeting a remote computer
# iptables -I FORWARD -j NFQUEUE --queue-num 0
# iptables --flush

# Testing on the local computer
# iptables -I OUTPUT -j NFQUEUE --queue-num 0
# iptables -I INPUT -j NFQUEUE --queue-num 0
# iptables --flush


import netfilterqueue
import scapy.all as sc


def process_packet(packet):
    scapy_packet = sc.IP(packet.get_payload())
    if scapy_packet.haslayer(sc.DNSRR):
        qname = scapy_packet[sc.DNSQR].qname
        qname = qname.decode()
        if 'vulnweb.com' in qname:
            print(f'[+] Spoofing target > {qname}')
            answer = sc.DNSRR(rrname=qname, rdata='10.0.2.13')
            scapy_packet[sc.DNS].an = answer
            scapy_packet[sc.DNS].ancount = 1
            del scapy_packet[sc.IP].len
            del scapy_packet[sc.IP].chksum
            del scapy_packet[sc.UDP].len
            del scapy_packet[sc.UDP].chksum
            packet.set_payload(bytes(scapy_packet))

    packet.accept()


queue = netfilterqueue.NetfilterQueue()
queue.bind(0, process_packet)
queue.run()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  D) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  E) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  F) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import jinja2
from distutils.dir_util import copy_tree


class SiteGenerator():
    def __init__(self):
        self.t_loader = jinja2.FileSystemLoader(searchpath='templates/')
        self.t_env = jinja2.Environment(loader=self.t_loader)

    def publish(self, name, content):
        with open('/var/www/html/' + name, 'wb') as f:
            f.write(content.encode('utf8'))

    def generate_index(self, post, act, knowledge_dic, news):
        t_name = 'index.html'
        t = self.t_env.get_template(t_name)
        s = t.render(title='WUTCS',
                     post=post,
                     act=act,
                     knowledge_dic=knowledge_dic,
                     news=news)
        self.publish('index.html', s)

    def full_generate(self):
        post = {
            'title': 'test',
            'date': 'Oct. 29',
            'intro': 'this is a test post',
            'link': '#'
        }
        act = {
            'title': '义务维修',
            'date': '日期未定',
            'content': '地点： 南湖食堂门口'
        }
        knowledge_dic = {
            'C': '',
            'C++': '',
            'Python': '',
            'Linux': ''
        }
        news = {
            'title': 'test_news',
            'date': 'Oct. 29',
            'content': 'this is a test news',
            'link': '#'
        }
        t_name = 'index.html'
        t = self.t_env.get_template(t_name)
        s = t.render(title='WUTCS',
                     post=post,
                     act=act,
                     knowledge_dic=knowledge_dic,
                     news=news)
        self.publish('index.html', s)

        t_name = 'about.html'
        t = self.t_env.get_template(t_name)
        s = t.render(title='关于')
        self.publish('about.html', s)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = SiteGenerator()
    s.full_generate()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  B) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  C) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  D) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template, request, jsonify
from flask.ext.socketio import SocketIO, emit
from sqlalchemy import text
from IPy import IP
from index import app, db


socketio = SocketIO(app)

# set postgres like this: export DATABASE_URL='postgresql://pat:[password]@localhost/ip_coordinates'

@socketio.on('client_pulse')
def client_pulse(msg):
	'''Called when server receives pulse msg from client'''

	if request.headers.getlist("X-Forwarded-For"):
		ip_address = request.headers.getlist("X-Forwarded-For")[0]
	else:
		ip_address = request.remote_addr

	if IP(ip_address).iptype() == 'PUBLIC':
		while ip_address:
			queryString = "SELECT latitude, longitude FROM t_ip_coordinates WHERE ip_address LIKE '{}%' LIMIT 1".format(ip_address)
			print "queryString: " + queryString
			query = text(queryString);
			result = db.engine.execute(query).first()

			if result == None:
				ip_address = ip_address[:-1]
			else:
				break
	else:
		queryString = "SELECT latitude, longitude FROM t_ip_coordinates OFFSET floor(random()*3870014) LIMIT 1;"
		sql = text(queryString);
		result = db.engine.execute(sql).first()
	
	if not result:
		sql = text('SELECT latitude, longitude FROM t_ip_coordinates OFFSET floor(random()*3870014) LIMIT 1;');
		result = db.engine.execute(sql).first()

	# If found result, send coordinates over to client
	if result:
		coord = {}
		coord['latitude'] = float(result['latitude'])
		coord['longitude'] = float(result['longitude'])
		coord['id'] = str(coord['latitude']) + str(coord['longitude'])

		emit('new_pulse', coord, broadcast=True)
	else:
		emit('lookup_error', {"message": "Could not find location by IP address"})

@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def index():
  return render_template('index.html')

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  B) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  C) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  F) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template, request, jsonify
from flask.ext.socketio import SocketIO, emit
from sqlalchemy import text
from IPy import IP
from index import app, db


socketio = SocketIO(app)

# set postgres like this: export DATABASE_URL='postgresql://pat:[password]@localhost/ip_coordinates'

@socketio.on('client_pulse')
def client_pulse(msg):
	'''Called when server receives pulse msg from client'''

	if request.headers.getlist("X-Forwarded-For"):
		ip_address = request.headers.getlist("X-Forwarded-For")[0]
	else:
		ip_address = request.remote_addr

	if IP(ip_address).iptype() == 'PUBLIC':
		while ip_address:
			queryString = "SELECT latitude, longitude FROM t_ip_coordinates WHERE ip_address LIKE '{}%' LIMIT 1".format(ip_address)
			print "queryString: " + queryString
			query = text(queryString);
			result = db.engine.execute(query).first()

			if result == None:
				ip_address = ip_address[:-1]
			else:
				break
	else:
		queryString = "SELECT latitude, longitude FROM t_ip_coordinates OFFSET floor(random()*3870014) LIMIT 1;"
		sql = text(queryString);
		result = db.engine.execute(sql).first()
	
	if not result:
		sql = text('SELECT latitude, longitude FROM t_ip_coordinates OFFSET floor(random()*3870014) LIMIT 1;');
		result = db.engine.execute(sql).first()

	# If found result, send coordinates over to client
	if result:
		coord = {}
		coord['latitude'] = float(result['latitude'])
		coord['longitude'] = float(result['longitude'])
		coord['id'] = str(coord['latitude']) + str(coord['longitude'])

		emit('new_pulse', coord, broadcast=True)
	else:
		emit('lookup_error', {"message": "Could not find location by IP address"})

@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def index():
  return render_template('index.html')

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')` vulnerability?

  A) index
  B) client_pulse
Answer: B