OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template, request, redirect, flash, url_for
from app.auth.forms import LoginForm


from flask_login import current_user, login_user, logout_user
from app.models import User

from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
from app.auth import bp

@bp.route('/')
@bp.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():

    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('Charts.charts'))

    print("you are not current user")

    lform = LoginForm()

    if lform.validate_on_submit():
        print("validate form True")
        print("username is {}".format(lform.username.data))
        print("password is {}".format(lform.password.data))
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=lform.username.data).first()
        print("requested user is,{}".format(user))
        if user is None or not user.check_password(lform.password.data):
            flash('Invalid username or password')
            print("None user or failed check password")
            return redirect(url_for('Auth.login'))
            
        print("call login_user")
        login_user(user, remember=lform.remember_me.data)
        next_page = request.args.get('next')
        if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
            next_page = url_for('Charts.charts')
            print("not next page")
        return redirect(next_page)

    print("validate form False")
    return render_template('login.html', lform=lform)

@bp.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    print("logout")
    return redirect(url_for('Auth.login'))
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) logout
  B) login
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template, request, redirect, flash, url_for
from app.auth.forms import LoginForm


from flask_login import current_user, login_user, logout_user
from app.models import User

from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
from app.auth import bp

@bp.route('/')
@bp.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():

    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('Charts.charts'))

    print("you are not current user")

    lform = LoginForm()

    if lform.validate_on_submit():
        print("validate form True")
        print("username is {}".format(lform.username.data))
        print("password is {}".format(lform.password.data))
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=lform.username.data).first()
        print("requested user is,{}".format(user))
        if user is None or not user.check_password(lform.password.data):
            flash('Invalid username or password')
            print("None user or failed check password")
            return redirect(url_for('Auth.login'))
            
        print("call login_user")
        login_user(user, remember=lform.remember_me.data)
        next_page = request.args.get('next')
        if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
            next_page = url_for('Charts.charts')
            print("not next page")
        return redirect(next_page)

    print("validate form False")
    return render_template('login.html', lform=lform)

@bp.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    print("logout")
    return redirect(url_for('Auth.login'))
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#coding: utf8

import hashlib

from rust.core import business
from rust.core.exceptions import BusinessError
from rust.resources.business.user.encode_service import EncodeService
from rust.resources.business.user.user_repository import UserRepository
from rust.utils.jwt_service import JWTService

from rust.resources.db import user_models

class LoginService(business.Service):

	def update_password(self, user, new_pwd):
		encoded_pwd = self.encrypt_password(new_pwd)
		user_models.User.update(
			password = encoded_pwd
		).dj_where(id=user.id).execute()

	def encrypt_password(self, raw_password):
		algorithm = 'sha1'
		salt = '69e44'
		hash = hashlib.sha1(salt + raw_password).hexdigest()
		return "%s$%s$%s" % (algorithm, salt, hash)

	def login(self, username, raw_password):
		user = UserRepository().get_by_name(username)
		if not user:
			raise BusinessError(u'用户不存在')

		if user.password != self.encrypt_password(raw_password):
			raise BusinessError(u'密码错误')

		encoded_user = EncodeService().encode(user)
		token = JWTService().encode(encoded_user)
		encoded_user['token'] = token
		return encoded_user
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) update_password
  B) login
  C) encrypt_password
  D) LoginService
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

import flickrapi
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for, request, session

app = Flask(__name__)

api_key = u'ecd01ab8f00faf13e1f8801586e126fd'
api_secret = u'2ee3f558fd79f292'


@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route('/login')
def login():
    flickr = flickrapi.FlickrAPI(api_key, api_secret)

    if flickr.token_valid(perms='read'):
        # Already logged in
        print('Already logged in, redirecting to index.')
        return redirect(url_for('index'))

    # Get the request token
    callback = url_for('auth_ok', _external=True)
    print('Getting request token with callback URL %s' % callback)
    flickr.get_request_token(oauth_callback=callback)

    authorize_url = flickr.auth_url(perms='read')

    # Store it in the session, to use in auth_ok()
    session['request_token'] = flickr.flickr_oauth.resource_owner_key
    session['request_token_secret'] = flickr.flickr_oauth.resource_owner_secret
    session['requested_permissions'] = flickr.flickr_oauth.requested_permissions
    print(session)

    print('Redirecting to %s.' % authorize_url)
    return redirect(authorize_url)


@app.route('/auth_ok')
def auth_ok():
    flickr = flickrapi.FlickrAPI(api_key, api_secret)
    flickr.flickr_oauth.resource_owner_key = session['request_token']
    flickr.flickr_oauth.resource_owner_secret = session['request_token_secret']
    flickr.flickr_oauth.requested_permissions = session['requested_permissions']
    verifier = request.args['oauth_verifier']

    print('Getting resource key')
    flickr.get_access_token(verifier)
    return 'Verifier is %s' % verifier


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.debug = True
    app.secret_key = 'je moeder'
    app.run()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) auth_ok
  B) login
  C) index
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# This file belongs to Gyrid Server.
#
# Copyright (C) 2012  Roel Huybrechts
# All rights reserved.

"""
Module that provides a few simple tests and conversions. Can for instance be used to validate configuration file values.

All tests take at least the value to validate as an argument. When the test passes, the value (or converted value)
should be returned. When the test fails it should raise a ValidationError.
"""

import random
import re

class ValidationError(Exception):
    """
    Exception to raise when the test fails.
    """
    def __init__(self, value=""):
        self.value = value

    def __str__(self):
        return repr(self.value)

def parseInt(value):
    """
    Parse the given value as an integer.
    """
    try:
        return int(value)
    except:
        raise ValidationError()

def parseFloat(value):
    """
    Parse the given value as a float.
    """
    try:
        return float(value)
    except:
        raise ValidationError()

def parseString(value):
    """
    Parse the given value as a string.
    """
    try:
        return str(value)
    except:
        raise ValidationError()

def isString(value):
    """
    Test if the given value is of type str.
    """
    if type(value) is str:
        return value
    else:
        raise ValidationError()

def isEmail(value):
    """
    Test if the given value is a valid e-mailaddress.
    """
    # E-mail validation regex from Django (django.core.validators)
    #   More information in LICENSE.
    email_re = re.compile(
        r"(^[-!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{}|~0-9A-Z]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{}|~0-9A-Z]+)*"  # dot-atom
        # quoted-string, see also http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822#section-3.2.5
        r'|^"([\001-\010\013\014\016-\037!#-\[\]-\177]|\\[\001-\011\013\014\016-\177])*"'
        r')@((?:[A-Z0-9](?:[A-Z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Z0-9])?\.)+[A-Z]{2,6}\.?$)'  # domain
        r'|\[(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\]$', re.IGNORECASE)
        # literal form, ipv4 address (SMTP 4.1.3)
    if email_re.match(value) == None:
        raise ValidationError()
    else:
        return value

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity` vulnerability.
Answer: isEmail
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask
from flask import request, jsonify
import json
import base64
import requests
import json
import cv2
import os
import numpy as np
import urllib.request as urllib2


app = flask.Flask(__name__)

def download_video(url):
    file_name = 'trial_video.mp4' 
    rsp = urllib2.urlopen(url)
    with open(file_name,'wb') as f:
        f.write(rsp.read())

def request_video_analysis(url_of_video):
    download_video(url_of_video)
    data='trial_video.mp4'

    url="https://api.imgbb.com/1/upload"
    key="88de50aece5070fd0b57728e5b356eeb"

    url_rev="https://techclan-twitter.herokuapp.com/reverse_image?URL="

    video=cv2.VideoCapture(data)

    frame_list=[]

    ret = True
    count=0
    frames=[]
    while ret:
        ret,frame=video.read()
        if(count %1500  == 0): 
            frames.append(frame)#cv2.imwrite("./frames/"+str(count)+".jpg",frame)
        
        count=count+1

    # print("frames collected !!!")

    htmls=dict()
    # print(len(frames))
    # print("loading frames...")
    for cnt, frame in enumerate(frames):
        url = "https://api.imgbb.com/1/upload"
        is_success, im_buf_arr = cv2.imencode(".jpg", frame)
        byte_image = im_buf_arr.tobytes()
        payload = {
            "key": key,
            "image": base64.b64encode(byte_image),   
        }
        res = requests.post(url, payload)
        res_dict = json.loads(res.text)

        res2=requests.get(url_rev+res_dict['data']['url'])

        htmls[cnt] = {
            "image_url": res_dict['data']['url'],
            "related_website": json.loads(res2.text)
        }
    
    return htmls
    

@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def home():
    return '''<h1>Get links</h1>
<p>News Finder</p>'''



@app.errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(e):
    return "<h1>404</h1><p>The resource could not be found.</p>", 404

    

@app.route('/api/text', methods=['GET'])
def api_filter():
    query_parameters = request.args
    id = query_parameters.get('id')
    text = id
    dictlist=request_video_analysis(text)
    result_json=json.dumps(dictlist)	
    return result_json
    




if __name__ == "__main__":
	app.run(host="0.0.0.0")


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability?

  A) api_filter
  B) page_not_found
  C) home
  D) download_video
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask
from flask import request, jsonify
import json
import base64
import requests
import json
import cv2
import os
import numpy as np
import urllib.request as urllib2


app = flask.Flask(__name__)

def download_video(url):
    file_name = 'trial_video.mp4' 
    rsp = urllib2.urlopen(url)
    with open(file_name,'wb') as f:
        f.write(rsp.read())

def request_video_analysis(url_of_video):
    download_video(url_of_video)
    data='trial_video.mp4'

    url="https://api.imgbb.com/1/upload"
    key="88de50aece5070fd0b57728e5b356eeb"

    url_rev="https://techclan-twitter.herokuapp.com/reverse_image?URL="

    video=cv2.VideoCapture(data)

    frame_list=[]

    ret = True
    count=0
    frames=[]
    while ret:
        ret,frame=video.read()
        if(count %1500  == 0): 
            frames.append(frame)#cv2.imwrite("./frames/"+str(count)+".jpg",frame)
        
        count=count+1

    # print("frames collected !!!")

    htmls=dict()
    # print(len(frames))
    # print("loading frames...")
    for cnt, frame in enumerate(frames):
        url = "https://api.imgbb.com/1/upload"
        is_success, im_buf_arr = cv2.imencode(".jpg", frame)
        byte_image = im_buf_arr.tobytes()
        payload = {
            "key": key,
            "image": base64.b64encode(byte_image),   
        }
        res = requests.post(url, payload)
        res_dict = json.loads(res.text)

        res2=requests.get(url_rev+res_dict['data']['url'])

        htmls[cnt] = {
            "image_url": res_dict['data']['url'],
            "related_website": json.loads(res2.text)
        }
    
    return htmls
    

@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def home():
    return '''<h1>Get links</h1>
<p>News Finder</p>'''



@app.errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(e):
    return "<h1>404</h1><p>The resource could not be found.</p>", 404

    

@app.route('/api/text', methods=['GET'])
def api_filter():
    query_parameters = request.args
    id = query_parameters.get('id')
    text = id
    dictlist=request_video_analysis(text)
    result_json=json.dumps(dictlist)	
    return result_json
    




if __name__ == "__main__":
	app.run(host="0.0.0.0")


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: download_video
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re


def split_input_string(input_string):
    """
    Split input string into identifiers, symbols and numbers.

    :param input_string: str, input string representing an assignment statement,
        like 'A=B+C'.
    :return: list with each item containing split symbols, identifiers and numbers.
        All symbols will remain the same sequence with input string.
    """
    if not bool(re.compile("^[a-zA-Z0-9.*/+-=()_' ]+$").search(input_string)):
        raise ValueError("Input series contain symbols not in assignment statement.")
    return list(map(process_single, filter(len, re.findall(r"[\-+*/=()]|[\w('|_)]+", input_string))))


def process_single(word):
    """
    Process a single word, whether it's identifier, number or symbols.

    :param word: str, the word to process
    :return: str, the input
    """
    if word[0].isnumeric():
        try:
            int(word)
        except ValueError:
            raise ValueError("Expression {} not valid".format(word))
    return word

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  B) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  C) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re


def split_input_string(input_string):
    """
    Split input string into identifiers, symbols and numbers.

    :param input_string: str, input string representing an assignment statement,
        like 'A=B+C'.
    :return: list with each item containing split symbols, identifiers and numbers.
        All symbols will remain the same sequence with input string.
    """
    if not bool(re.compile("^[a-zA-Z0-9.*/+-=()_' ]+$").search(input_string)):
        raise ValueError("Input series contain symbols not in assignment statement.")
    return list(map(process_single, filter(len, re.findall(r"[\-+*/=()]|[\w('|_)]+", input_string))))


def process_single(word):
    """
    Process a single word, whether it's identifier, number or symbols.

    :param word: str, the word to process
    :return: str, the input
    """
    if word[0].isnumeric():
        try:
            int(word)
        except ValueError:
            raise ValueError("Expression {} not valid".format(word))
    return word

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) process_single
  B) split_input_string
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re


def split_input_string(input_string):
    """
    Split input string into identifiers, symbols and numbers.

    :param input_string: str, input string representing an assignment statement,
        like 'A=B+C'.
    :return: list with each item containing split symbols, identifiers and numbers.
        All symbols will remain the same sequence with input string.
    """
    if not bool(re.compile("^[a-zA-Z0-9.*/+-=()_' ]+$").search(input_string)):
        raise ValueError("Input series contain symbols not in assignment statement.")
    return list(map(process_single, filter(len, re.findall(r"[\-+*/=()]|[\w('|_)]+", input_string))))


def process_single(word):
    """
    Process a single word, whether it's identifier, number or symbols.

    :param word: str, the word to process
    :return: str, the input
    """
    if word[0].isnumeric():
        try:
            int(word)
        except ValueError:
            raise ValueError("Expression {} not valid".format(word))
    return word

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: split_input_string
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Preparing the data for both the stanford parser
Java implementations and the Jython implementations.

"""
import pandas as pd


class PrepareStanfordParser:
    """Useful functions for pipeline to iterate towards the use of the
    Stanford parser"""

    def __init__(self):
        self.genes = self.get_genes()
        self.drugs = self.get_drugs()

    def get_genes(
        self,
        path="/Users/mtaruno/Documents/DevZone/Stem-Away-group-5/data/genes/genes.tsv",
    ):
        return list(pd.read_csv(path, delimiter="\t")["Name"])

    def get_drugs(
        self,
        path="/Users/mtaruno/Documents/DevZone/Stem-Away-group-5/data/drugs/drugs.tsv",
    ):
        return list(pd.read_csv(path, delimiter="\t")["Name"])

    def tag_drug_gene(self, sent: str) -> tuple:
        """
        Parameters
        =====
        str: biomedical sentence

        Returns
        ========
        (sent, i, j) where i is the set of drug indices and j is the set of gene indices
        """

        tokenized = sent.split(" ")

        drug_indices = []
        gene_indices = []

        for i, token in enumerate(tokenized):
            if token in self.drugs:
                drug_indices.append(i)
            if token in self.genes:
                gene_indices.append(i)

        return (sent, drug_indices, gene_indices)

    def apply_to_all_sentences(self, biomedical_sentences: list) -> list:
        """Getting all the drug indices and tag indices of each of the pubmed sentences"""
        return [self.tag_drug_gene(sent) for sent in biomedical_sentences]

    def parse_to_stanford(self) -> None:
        """Take the input of biomedical sentences CSV and parse
        them in a format that is readable for the Java Stanford Parser
        implementation (as a text file).
        """
        biomedical = pd.read_csv("./data/biomedical_sentences.csv")
        biomedical_data = ""
        for i in biomedical["Text"]:
            biomedical_data += "\n" + i

        # getting a sample
        sample = biomedical.sample(100)
        sample_data = ""
        for i in sample["Text"]:
            sample_data += "\n" + i

        # Converting the input to txt
        with open("biomedical_output.txt", "w") as text_file:
            text_file.write(biomedical_data)

        with open("sample_data.txt", "w") as text_file:
            text_file.write(sample_data)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) get_genes
  B) PrepareStanfordParser
  C) parse_to_stanford
  D) get_drugs
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import hashlib
import os
import base64


class PasswordHelper:
    def get_hash(self, plain):
        hash = hashlib.sha512()
        hash.update(('%s%s' % (self.get_salt(), plain)).encode('utf-8'))
        return hash.hexdigest()

    def get_salt(self):
        password_salt = os.urandom(32).hex()
        return password_salt
        # return base64.b64encode(os.urandom(20))

    def validate_password(self, plain, salt, expected):
        print(plain, salt, expected)
        return self.get_hash(plain + salt) == expected

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  B) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import hashlib
import os
import base64


class PasswordHelper:
    def get_hash(self, plain):
        hash = hashlib.sha512()
        hash.update(('%s%s' % (self.get_salt(), plain)).encode('utf-8'))
        return hash.hexdigest()

    def get_salt(self):
        password_salt = os.urandom(32).hex()
        return password_salt
        # return base64.b64encode(os.urandom(20))

    def validate_password(self, plain, salt, expected):
        print(plain, salt, expected)
        return self.get_hash(plain + salt) == expected

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) get_salt
  B) PasswordHelper
  C) validate_password
  D) get_hash
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import hashlib
import os
import base64


class PasswordHelper:
    def get_hash(self, plain):
        hash = hashlib.sha512()
        hash.update(('%s%s' % (self.get_salt(), plain)).encode('utf-8'))
        return hash.hexdigest()

    def get_salt(self):
        password_salt = os.urandom(32).hex()
        return password_salt
        # return base64.b64encode(os.urandom(20))

    def validate_password(self, plain, salt, expected):
        print(plain, salt, expected)
        return self.get_hash(plain + salt) == expected

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: get_hash
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

# Downloads universal dependencies datasets
# See http://universaldependencies.org for a list of all datasets


from tqdm import tqdm
import requests
import math
import tarfile


def download_file(url, filename=None):
    # Streaming, so we can iterate over the response
    r = requests.get(url, stream=True)

    # Total size in bytes
    total_size = int(r.headers.get('content-length', 0))
    block_size = 1024
    wrote = 0

    with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
        for data in tqdm(r.iter_content(block_size),
                         total=math.ceil(total_size // block_size),
                         unit='KB',
                         unit_scale=True):
            wrote = wrote + len(data)
            f.write(data)

    if total_size != 0 and wrote != total_size:
        print("Error, something went wrong")


def extract_file(read_filename, output_path):
    tar = tarfile.open(read_filename, 'r')
    tar.extractall(output_path)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import os

    data_folder = "data"
    dataset_url = "https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/repository/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11234/1-2837/ud-treebanks-v2.2.tgz" \
                  "?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"
    dataset_path = os.path.join(data_folder, "ud-treebanks-v2.2.tgz")

    print("Downloading dataset")
    download_file(dataset_url, dataset_path)

    print("Extracting dataset")
    extract_file(dataset_path, data_folder)

    print("Completed successfully")

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  B) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  C) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  D) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  E) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  F) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

# Downloads universal dependencies datasets
# See http://universaldependencies.org for a list of all datasets


from tqdm import tqdm
import requests
import math
import tarfile


def download_file(url, filename=None):
    # Streaming, so we can iterate over the response
    r = requests.get(url, stream=True)

    # Total size in bytes
    total_size = int(r.headers.get('content-length', 0))
    block_size = 1024
    wrote = 0

    with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
        for data in tqdm(r.iter_content(block_size),
                         total=math.ceil(total_size // block_size),
                         unit='KB',
                         unit_scale=True):
            wrote = wrote + len(data)
            f.write(data)

    if total_size != 0 and wrote != total_size:
        print("Error, something went wrong")


def extract_file(read_filename, output_path):
    tar = tarfile.open(read_filename, 'r')
    tar.extractall(output_path)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import os

    data_folder = "data"
    dataset_url = "https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/repository/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11234/1-2837/ud-treebanks-v2.2.tgz" \
                  "?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"
    dataset_path = os.path.join(data_folder, "ud-treebanks-v2.2.tgz")

    print("Downloading dataset")
    download_file(dataset_url, dataset_path)

    print("Extracting dataset")
    extract_file(dataset_path, data_folder)

    print("Completed successfully")

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) download_file
  B) extract_file
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

# Downloads universal dependencies datasets
# See http://universaldependencies.org for a list of all datasets


from tqdm import tqdm
import requests
import math
import tarfile


def download_file(url, filename=None):
    # Streaming, so we can iterate over the response
    r = requests.get(url, stream=True)

    # Total size in bytes
    total_size = int(r.headers.get('content-length', 0))
    block_size = 1024
    wrote = 0

    with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
        for data in tqdm(r.iter_content(block_size),
                         total=math.ceil(total_size // block_size),
                         unit='KB',
                         unit_scale=True):
            wrote = wrote + len(data)
            f.write(data)

    if total_size != 0 and wrote != total_size:
        print("Error, something went wrong")


def extract_file(read_filename, output_path):
    tar = tarfile.open(read_filename, 'r')
    tar.extractall(output_path)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import os

    data_folder = "data"
    dataset_url = "https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/repository/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11234/1-2837/ud-treebanks-v2.2.tgz" \
                  "?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"
    dataset_path = os.path.join(data_folder, "ud-treebanks-v2.2.tgz")

    print("Downloading dataset")
    download_file(dataset_url, dataset_path)

    print("Extracting dataset")
    extract_file(dataset_path, data_folder)

    print("Completed successfully")

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: extract_file
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import pickle
from flask import Flask, request

from utils.input_processor import process_input
from database import Database
database = Database()

classifier = pickle.load(open("model.pkl", "rb"))

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/predict", methods=["POST"])
def predict() -> str:
    """Creates route for model prediction for any number of inputs."""
    user_input = request.data
    output = None
    try:
        inputs_data = process_input(user_input)
        predictions = classifier.predict(inputs_data)
        result = [round(float(prediction), 2) for prediction in predictions]
        output = json.dumps({"predicted_prices": result})
        return output, 200

    except ValueError as e:
        output = json.dumps({"error": f"Invalid request: {e}"})
        return output, 400

    except Exception as e:
        output = json.dumps({"error": f"PREDICTION FAILED: {e}"})
        return output, 400

    finally:
        database.add_record(user_input.decode(), output)


@app.route("/last_requests", methods=["GET"], defaults={"amount": 10})
@app.route("/last_requests/<amount>", methods=["GET"])
def get_last_requests(amount: int):
    """
    Creates route for returning data of last prediction requests.
    The default is 10 last requests.
    """
    last_requests = database.get_last_records(amount)

    return json.dumps({"last_requests": last_requests}), 200

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  B) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  C) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  E) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  F) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import pickle
from flask import Flask, request

from utils.input_processor import process_input
from database import Database
database = Database()

classifier = pickle.load(open("model.pkl", "rb"))

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/predict", methods=["POST"])
def predict() -> str:
    """Creates route for model prediction for any number of inputs."""
    user_input = request.data
    output = None
    try:
        inputs_data = process_input(user_input)
        predictions = classifier.predict(inputs_data)
        result = [round(float(prediction), 2) for prediction in predictions]
        output = json.dumps({"predicted_prices": result})
        return output, 200

    except ValueError as e:
        output = json.dumps({"error": f"Invalid request: {e}"})
        return output, 400

    except Exception as e:
        output = json.dumps({"error": f"PREDICTION FAILED: {e}"})
        return output, 400

    finally:
        database.add_record(user_input.decode(), output)


@app.route("/last_requests", methods=["GET"], defaults={"amount": 10})
@app.route("/last_requests/<amount>", methods=["GET"])
def get_last_requests(amount: int):
    """
    Creates route for returning data of last prediction requests.
    The default is 10 last requests.
    """
    last_requests = database.get_last_records(amount)

    return json.dumps({"last_requests": last_requests}), 200

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) predict
  B) get_last_requests
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import pickle
from flask import Flask, request

from utils.input_processor import process_input
from database import Database
database = Database()

classifier = pickle.load(open("model.pkl", "rb"))

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/predict", methods=["POST"])
def predict() -> str:
    """Creates route for model prediction for any number of inputs."""
    user_input = request.data
    output = None
    try:
        inputs_data = process_input(user_input)
        predictions = classifier.predict(inputs_data)
        result = [round(float(prediction), 2) for prediction in predictions]
        output = json.dumps({"predicted_prices": result})
        return output, 200

    except ValueError as e:
        output = json.dumps({"error": f"Invalid request: {e}"})
        return output, 400

    except Exception as e:
        output = json.dumps({"error": f"PREDICTION FAILED: {e}"})
        return output, 400

    finally:
        database.add_record(user_input.decode(), output)


@app.route("/last_requests", methods=["GET"], defaults={"amount": 10})
@app.route("/last_requests/<amount>", methods=["GET"])
def get_last_requests(amount: int):
    """
    Creates route for returning data of last prediction requests.
    The default is 10 last requests.
    """
    last_requests = database.get_last_records(amount)

    return json.dumps({"last_requests": last_requests}), 200

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: predict
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tkinter as tk

class LoginApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.username = tk.Entry(self)
        self.password = tk.Entry(self, show="*")
        self.loginButton = tk.Button(self, text="Log in", 
                                    command=self.printLogin)
        self.clearButton = tk.Button(self, text="Clear",
                                    command=self.clearForm)
        self.username.pack()
        self.password.pack()
        self.loginButton.pack(fill=tk.BOTH)
        self.clearButton.pack(fill=tk.BOTH)

    def printLogin(self):
        print(f"Username: {self.username.get()}")
        print("Password: {}".format(self.password.get()))

    def clearForm(self):
        self.username.delete(0, tk.END)
        self.password.delete(0, tk.END)
        self.username.focus_set()

if __name__=="__main__":
    app = LoginApp()
    app.mainloop()
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  B) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  C) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  F) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tkinter as tk

class LoginApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.username = tk.Entry(self)
        self.password = tk.Entry(self, show="*")
        self.loginButton = tk.Button(self, text="Log in", 
                                    command=self.printLogin)
        self.clearButton = tk.Button(self, text="Clear",
                                    command=self.clearForm)
        self.username.pack()
        self.password.pack()
        self.loginButton.pack(fill=tk.BOTH)
        self.clearButton.pack(fill=tk.BOTH)

    def printLogin(self):
        print(f"Username: {self.username.get()}")
        print("Password: {}".format(self.password.get()))

    def clearForm(self):
        self.username.delete(0, tk.END)
        self.password.delete(0, tk.END)
        self.username.focus_set()

if __name__=="__main__":
    app = LoginApp()
    app.mainloop()
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) clearForm
  B) __init__
  C) printLogin
  D) LoginApp
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# *_* coding:utf-8 *_*
# 开发人员：烈焰
# 开发时间：2019/12/13 15:34
# 文件名称：page6
# 开发工具：PyCharm

# cookie session

from flask import Flask,make_response,request

app = Flask(__name__,static_url_path="/static",static_folder="static",template_folder="templates")

@app.route("/")
def index():
    """
    定义视图函数
    :return:
    """
    return "Hello Python Flask!!"

@app.route("/set_cookie")
def set_cookie():
    resp = make_response("cookie set success")
    resp.set_cookie("city","shenzhen")
    resp.set_cookie("name","wangjin")
    resp.set_cookie("age","22",max_age=3600)
    # resp.headers["Set-Cookie"] = "country=china; Expires=Fri, 13-Dec-2019 08:47:31 GMT; Max-Age=3600; Path=/"
    return resp

@app.route("/get_cookie")
def get_cookie():
    return request.cookies.get("age")

@app.route("/del_cookie")
def del_cookie():
    resp = make_response("delete cookie")
    resp.delete_cookie("name")
    return resp


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 查看url路由
     print(app.url_map)
     app.run(port=5000)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) set_cookie
  B) del_cookie
  C) index
  D) get_cookie
Answer: D