OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for, request, g
import sqlite3
import hashlib

app = Flask(__name__)

def check_password(hashed_password, user_password):
    return hashed_password == hashlib.md5(user_password.encode()).hexdigest()

def validate(username, password):
    con = sqlite3.connect('static/user.db')
    completion = False
    with con:
                cur = con.cursor()
                cur.execute("SELECT * FROM Users")
                rows = cur.fetchall()
                for row in rows:
                    dbUser = row[0]
                    dbPass = row[1]
                    if dbUser==username:
                        completion=check_password(dbPass, password)
    return completion


@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    error = None
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form['username']
        password = request.form['password']
        completion = validate(username, password)
        if completion ==False:
            error = 'Invalid Credentials. Please try again.'
        else:
            return redirect(url_for('secret'))
    return render_template('login.html', error=error)

@app.route('/secret')
def secret():
    return "You have successfully logged in"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  C) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: A,F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for, request, g
import sqlite3
import hashlib

app = Flask(__name__)

def check_password(hashed_password, user_password):
    return hashed_password == hashlib.md5(user_password.encode()).hexdigest()

def validate(username, password):
    con = sqlite3.connect('static/user.db')
    completion = False
    with con:
                cur = con.cursor()
                cur.execute("SELECT * FROM Users")
                rows = cur.fetchall()
                for row in rows:
                    dbUser = row[0]
                    dbPass = row[1]
                    if dbUser==username:
                        completion=check_password(dbPass, password)
    return completion


@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    error = None
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form['username']
        password = request.form['password']
        completion = validate(username, password)
        if completion ==False:
            error = 'Invalid Credentials. Please try again.'
        else:
            return redirect(url_for('secret'))
    return render_template('login.html', error=error)

@app.route('/secret')
def secret():
    return "You have successfully logged in"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) validate
  B) login
  C) check_password
  D) secret
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for, request, g
import sqlite3
import hashlib

app = Flask(__name__)

def check_password(hashed_password, user_password):
    return hashed_password == hashlib.md5(user_password.encode()).hexdigest()

def validate(username, password):
    con = sqlite3.connect('static/user.db')
    completion = False
    with con:
                cur = con.cursor()
                cur.execute("SELECT * FROM Users")
                rows = cur.fetchall()
                for row in rows:
                    dbUser = row[0]
                    dbPass = row[1]
                    if dbUser==username:
                        completion=check_password(dbPass, password)
    return completion


@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    error = None
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form['username']
        password = request.form['password']
        completion = validate(username, password)
        if completion ==False:
            error = 'Invalid Credentials. Please try again.'
        else:
            return redirect(url_for('secret'))
    return render_template('login.html', error=error)

@app.route('/secret')
def secret():
    return "You have successfully logged in"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: check_password
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Extraction of phone numbers
"""
import re
import itertools
import math
import extractor

class ExtractPhoneNumber(extractor.Extractor):



    def human_name(self):
        return "simplephone"

    def name(self):
        return "phone"

    def version(self):
        return "0.0"

    def clean(self, bodyString):

        """
        Remove <script> tags and <style> tags
        """
        bodyString = re.sub('<script.*?>.*?</script>','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)
        bodyString = re.sub(r'<style>.*?</style>','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)

        """
        Remove text in between option tags
        """
        bodyString = re.sub('<option.*?</option>', '', bodyString)


        """
        Eliminate HTML tags for now
        """
        bodyString = re.sub(r'<.*?>', '', bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)


        # Reove dates of the from xx/xx/xxxx
        bodyString = re.sub(r'\d{0,2}/\d{0,2}\d{0,4}','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)
        # remove dates like 02, 2013
        bodyString = re.sub(r'\d{1,2}, \d{4}','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)
        # remove times
        bodyString = re.sub(r'\d{1,2}:\d{2}','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)


        """
        Eliminate UA tags in javascript for now too
        """

        bodyString = re.sub('(\'ua-[0-9]*-[0-9]*\')', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(href="[^"]*")', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(\d\'\d/\d\d\d?/\d\d)', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(\d\d?:\d\d-\d\d?:\d\d)', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(\d{2,3}(?:/)\d{2,3}(?:/)\d{2,3})(?=\D|$)', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(&#[0-9]{1,6}(?:\;)?)', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(value="^"*")', '', bodyString)



        bodyString = bodyString.replace('-','')


        return bodyString

    def extract(self, url, status, headers, flags, body, timestamp, source):
        if not body:
            return []

        bodyString = self.clean(body)
        # Finally get the phone numbers
        self.myCompiledRE = re.compile('[0-9]{7,14}')
        # remove whitespace
        bodyString = bodyString.replace('\t','').replace(' ','')
        pn =  self.myCompiledRE.findall(bodyString)

        phone_list = []
        for i in range(len(pn)):
            if len(pn[i]) == 10:
                phone_list.append(self.create_attribute(pn[i]))
        return phone_list


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output` vulnerability?

  A) clean
  B) ExtractPhoneNumber
  C) extract
  D) human_name
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Extraction of phone numbers
"""
import re
import itertools
import math
import extractor

class ExtractPhoneNumber(extractor.Extractor):



    def human_name(self):
        return "simplephone"

    def name(self):
        return "phone"

    def version(self):
        return "0.0"

    def clean(self, bodyString):

        """
        Remove <script> tags and <style> tags
        """
        bodyString = re.sub('<script.*?>.*?</script>','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)
        bodyString = re.sub(r'<style>.*?</style>','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)

        """
        Remove text in between option tags
        """
        bodyString = re.sub('<option.*?</option>', '', bodyString)


        """
        Eliminate HTML tags for now
        """
        bodyString = re.sub(r'<.*?>', '', bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)


        # Reove dates of the from xx/xx/xxxx
        bodyString = re.sub(r'\d{0,2}/\d{0,2}\d{0,4}','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)
        # remove dates like 02, 2013
        bodyString = re.sub(r'\d{1,2}, \d{4}','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)
        # remove times
        bodyString = re.sub(r'\d{1,2}:\d{2}','',bodyString,flags=re.DOTALL)


        """
        Eliminate UA tags in javascript for now too
        """

        bodyString = re.sub('(\'ua-[0-9]*-[0-9]*\')', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(href="[^"]*")', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(\d\'\d/\d\d\d?/\d\d)', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(\d\d?:\d\d-\d\d?:\d\d)', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(\d{2,3}(?:/)\d{2,3}(?:/)\d{2,3})(?=\D|$)', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(&#[0-9]{1,6}(?:\;)?)', '', bodyString)
        bodyString = re.sub('(value="^"*")', '', bodyString)



        bodyString = bodyString.replace('-','')


        return bodyString

    def extract(self, url, status, headers, flags, body, timestamp, source):
        if not body:
            return []

        bodyString = self.clean(body)
        # Finally get the phone numbers
        self.myCompiledRE = re.compile('[0-9]{7,14}')
        # remove whitespace
        bodyString = bodyString.replace('\t','').replace(' ','')
        pn =  self.myCompiledRE.findall(bodyString)

        phone_list = []
        for i in range(len(pn)):
            if len(pn[i]) == 10:
                phone_list.append(self.create_attribute(pn[i]))
        return phone_list


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output` vulnerability.
Answer: clean
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import six

from jinja2 import Template

from leapp.utils.audit import get_messages


def _flatten_dict(dict_):
    new_dict = {}
    if type(dict_) is not dict:
        return new_dict

    for k, v in six.iteritems(dict_):
        if type(v) == dict:
            new_dict.update(_flatten_dict(v))
        else:
            new_dict[k] = v

    return new_dict


def fetch_upgrade_report_raw(context_id, renderers=True):
    """
    :param context_id: ID to identify the needed messages
    :type context_id: str
    :param renderers: whether copy or skip renderers field of original message
    :type boolean
    :return: A list of upgrade messages of type "Report" withing the given context,
             each message is a dict of raw data.
    """
    report_msgs = get_messages(names=['Report'], context=context_id) or []

    messages = []
    for message in report_msgs:
        data = json.loads(message.get('message').get('data'))
        merged_data = {
            'topic': message.get('topic'),
            'phase': message.get('phase'),
            'audience': data['audience'],
            'title': data['title'],
            'flags': data['flags'],
            'severity': data['severity']
        }
        if renderers:
            merged_data['renderers'] = data['renderers']
        detail = _flatten_dict(json.loads(data['detail']))
        merged_data.update(detail)
        messages.append(merged_data)

    return messages


def fetch_upgrade_report_messages(context_id, renderer):
    """
    :param context_id: ID to identify the needed messages
    :type context_id: str
    :param renderer: How messages will be rendered (e.g html or plaintext)
    :type renderer: str
    :return: All upgrade messages of type "Report" withing the given context
    """
    messages_raw = fetch_upgrade_report_raw(context_id)
    if not messages_raw:
        # return [] to be consistent?
        return

    messages_to_print = []
    for msg_data in messages_raw:
        template = Template(msg_data.pop('renderers').get(renderer))
        messages_to_print.append(template.render(msg_data))

    return messages_to_print

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) fetch_upgrade_report_messages
  B) _flatten_dict
  C) fetch_upgrade_report_raw
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import six

from jinja2 import Template

from leapp.utils.audit import get_messages


def _flatten_dict(dict_):
    new_dict = {}
    if type(dict_) is not dict:
        return new_dict

    for k, v in six.iteritems(dict_):
        if type(v) == dict:
            new_dict.update(_flatten_dict(v))
        else:
            new_dict[k] = v

    return new_dict


def fetch_upgrade_report_raw(context_id, renderers=True):
    """
    :param context_id: ID to identify the needed messages
    :type context_id: str
    :param renderers: whether copy or skip renderers field of original message
    :type boolean
    :return: A list of upgrade messages of type "Report" withing the given context,
             each message is a dict of raw data.
    """
    report_msgs = get_messages(names=['Report'], context=context_id) or []

    messages = []
    for message in report_msgs:
        data = json.loads(message.get('message').get('data'))
        merged_data = {
            'topic': message.get('topic'),
            'phase': message.get('phase'),
            'audience': data['audience'],
            'title': data['title'],
            'flags': data['flags'],
            'severity': data['severity']
        }
        if renderers:
            merged_data['renderers'] = data['renderers']
        detail = _flatten_dict(json.loads(data['detail']))
        merged_data.update(detail)
        messages.append(merged_data)

    return messages


def fetch_upgrade_report_messages(context_id, renderer):
    """
    :param context_id: ID to identify the needed messages
    :type context_id: str
    :param renderer: How messages will be rendered (e.g html or plaintext)
    :type renderer: str
    :return: All upgrade messages of type "Report" withing the given context
    """
    messages_raw = fetch_upgrade_report_raw(context_id)
    if not messages_raw:
        # return [] to be consistent?
        return

    messages_to_print = []
    for msg_data in messages_raw:
        template = Template(msg_data.pop('renderers').get(renderer))
        messages_to_print.append(template.render(msg_data))

    return messages_to_print

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: fetch_upgrade_report_messages
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, abort, request
from utilities.settings import Settings
from BayesClassifierCore import BayesClassifierCore

import json
import time
import requests
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    """
    :return: index
    """
    return 'Hello World!'


@app.route('/chatter', methods=[Settings.get_reciever_method()])
def chatter():
    """
    Message хүлээж аваад хариу өгөх хаяг
    :return:
    """
    if Settings.get_reciever_format() == 'json':
        if not request.json:
            abort(400)
        start_time = int(round(time.time() * 1000))
        incoming = request.json
        if incoming['message']['type'] == 'text':
            if len(incoming['message']['content']) > 1:
                incoming['message']['content'] = BayesClassifierCore.answer(incoming['message']['content'])
            else:
                incoming['message']['content'] = Settings.get_default_unknown_text()
        elif incoming['message']['type'] == 'btn':
            abort(400)
        end_time = int(round(time.time() * 1000))
        incoming['message']['time'] = str(end_time - start_time)
        return json.dumps(incoming)
    elif Settings.get_reciever_format() == 'xml':
        return
    elif Settings.get_reciever_format() == 'form-data':
        return


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0')
    print("Awww yeah working smooth and clean")
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: chatter
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import argparse
import random
import string
from app import create_app, db
from app.models import User

app = create_app()
app.app_context().push()

PASS_LENGTH = 16

def main():
	parser_desc = "Server-side utility to facilitate creating admins and toggling existing users to admins."
	parser_epil = "Be sure that you're running this from within the virtual environment for the server."
	parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
	parser.add_argument("email", metavar="example@example.com", help="email address to make admin")
	args = parser.parse_args()
	user = User.query.filter_by(email=args.email.lower()).first()
	if user is not None:
		if user.is_admin:
			print("User %s is already an admin" % args.email.lower())
			return
		user.is_admin = True
		db.session.add(user)
		db.session.commit()
		print("User %s is now an admin" % args.email.lower())
		return
	else:
		password=''.join(random.SystemRandom().choice(string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits) for _ in range(PASS_LENGTH))
		user = User(email=args.email.lower(), is_admin=True)
		user.set_password(password)
		db.session.add(user)
		db.session.commit()
		print("User %s has been created as an admin with password %s" % (args.email.lower(), password))
		return

if __name__ == "__main__":
	main()
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  C) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  D) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  E) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
__author__ = 'Gennady Kovalev <gik@bigur.ru>'
__copyright__ = '(c) 2016-2019 Business group for development management'
__licence__ = 'For license information see LICENSE'

from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass, field
from hashlib import sha512
from typing import Optional, Union
from uuid import uuid4


@dataclass
class Object:

    id: Optional[Union[int, str]] = field(init=False)

    def __post_init__(self):
        self.id = None

    def get_id(self) -> Optional[Union[int, str]]:
        return self.id


@dataclass
class PasswordMixin:
    #: Client's password, init var only, not saved in instance.
    password: InitVar[Optional[str]] = None

    #: Client's password hash.
    crypt: Optional[str] = field(init=False, repr=False, default=None)

    #: Client's password hash salt.
    salt: Optional[str] = field(init=False, repr=False, default=None)

    def __post_init__(self, password) -> None:
        if password is not None:
            self.set_password(password)
        else:
            self.salt = None
            self.crypt = None
        super().__post_init__()

    @staticmethod
    def _get_hash(salt: str, password: str) -> str:
        return sha512((password + salt).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

    def set_password(self, password: str):
        if password is None:
            self.salt = None
            self.crypt = None
        else:
            self.salt = uuid4().hex
            self.crypt = self._get_hash(self.salt, password)

    def verify_password(self, password: str) -> bool:
        if self.salt and self.crypt:
            return self.crypt == self._get_hash(self.salt, password)
        return False

    def has_password(self) -> bool:
        return self.salt and self.crypt

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  D) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  E) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
__author__ = 'Gennady Kovalev <gik@bigur.ru>'
__copyright__ = '(c) 2016-2019 Business group for development management'
__licence__ = 'For license information see LICENSE'

from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass, field
from hashlib import sha512
from typing import Optional, Union
from uuid import uuid4


@dataclass
class Object:

    id: Optional[Union[int, str]] = field(init=False)

    def __post_init__(self):
        self.id = None

    def get_id(self) -> Optional[Union[int, str]]:
        return self.id


@dataclass
class PasswordMixin:
    #: Client's password, init var only, not saved in instance.
    password: InitVar[Optional[str]] = None

    #: Client's password hash.
    crypt: Optional[str] = field(init=False, repr=False, default=None)

    #: Client's password hash salt.
    salt: Optional[str] = field(init=False, repr=False, default=None)

    def __post_init__(self, password) -> None:
        if password is not None:
            self.set_password(password)
        else:
            self.salt = None
            self.crypt = None
        super().__post_init__()

    @staticmethod
    def _get_hash(salt: str, password: str) -> str:
        return sha512((password + salt).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

    def set_password(self, password: str):
        if password is None:
            self.salt = None
            self.crypt = None
        else:
            self.salt = uuid4().hex
            self.crypt = self._get_hash(self.salt, password)

    def verify_password(self, password: str) -> bool:
        if self.salt and self.crypt:
            return self.crypt == self._get_hash(self.salt, password)
        return False

    def has_password(self) -> bool:
        return self.salt and self.crypt

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) __post_init__
  B) _get_hash
  C) has_password
  D) Object
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
__author__ = 'Gennady Kovalev <gik@bigur.ru>'
__copyright__ = '(c) 2016-2019 Business group for development management'
__licence__ = 'For license information see LICENSE'

from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass, field
from hashlib import sha512
from typing import Optional, Union
from uuid import uuid4


@dataclass
class Object:

    id: Optional[Union[int, str]] = field(init=False)

    def __post_init__(self):
        self.id = None

    def get_id(self) -> Optional[Union[int, str]]:
        return self.id


@dataclass
class PasswordMixin:
    #: Client's password, init var only, not saved in instance.
    password: InitVar[Optional[str]] = None

    #: Client's password hash.
    crypt: Optional[str] = field(init=False, repr=False, default=None)

    #: Client's password hash salt.
    salt: Optional[str] = field(init=False, repr=False, default=None)

    def __post_init__(self, password) -> None:
        if password is not None:
            self.set_password(password)
        else:
            self.salt = None
            self.crypt = None
        super().__post_init__()

    @staticmethod
    def _get_hash(salt: str, password: str) -> str:
        return sha512((password + salt).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

    def set_password(self, password: str):
        if password is None:
            self.salt = None
            self.crypt = None
        else:
            self.salt = uuid4().hex
            self.crypt = self._get_hash(self.salt, password)

    def verify_password(self, password: str) -> bool:
        if self.salt and self.crypt:
            return self.crypt == self._get_hash(self.salt, password)
        return False

    def has_password(self) -> bool:
        return self.salt and self.crypt

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: _get_hash
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import base64, pickle
from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/")
def index():
    return 'Hello, World!'


# RCE
@app.route("/cmd", methods=["GET"])
def rce():
    if request.args.get('c'):
        return os.popen(request.args.get('c')).read(), 200

    return ':P', 400


# Unsafe pickle deserialization
@app.route("/cmd", methods=["POST"])
def unsafe_pickle():
    data = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(request.form['cmd'])
    pickle.loads(data)
    return '', 204

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')` vulnerability.
Answer: rce
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from datetime import datetime
import json
import requests

from ec2_metadata import ec2_metadata
import boto3
import urllib3

urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

JUPYTER_PORT = '8443'
IDLE_TIME = 2400

def get_uptime():
	with open('/proc/uptime', 'r') as f:
			uptime_seconds = float(f.readline().split()[0])

	return uptime_seconds

def is_jupyter_lab_idle():
	try:
		response = requests.get('http://localhost:'+JUPYTER_PORT+'/api/sessions', verify=False)
		data = response.json()
		if len(data) > 0:
			for notebook in data:
				if notebook['kernel']['execution_state'] != 'idle':
					return False

				if not is_notebook_idle(notebook['kernel']['last_activity']):
					return False
	except:
		pass

	return True


def is_notebook_idle(last_activity):
	last_activity = datetime.strptime(last_activity,"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fz")

	if (datetime.now() - last_activity).total_seconds() > IDLE_TIME:
		return True

	return False


def run():
	if get_uptime() <= IDLE_TIME:
		return

	if is_jupyter_lab_idle():
		session = boto3.session.Session(region_name=ec2_metadata.region)
		ec2 = session.resource('ec2')
		instance = ec2.Instance(ec2_metadata.instance_id)
		instance.stop()


run()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  D) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from datetime import datetime
import json
import requests

from ec2_metadata import ec2_metadata
import boto3
import urllib3

urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

JUPYTER_PORT = '8443'
IDLE_TIME = 2400

def get_uptime():
	with open('/proc/uptime', 'r') as f:
			uptime_seconds = float(f.readline().split()[0])

	return uptime_seconds

def is_jupyter_lab_idle():
	try:
		response = requests.get('http://localhost:'+JUPYTER_PORT+'/api/sessions', verify=False)
		data = response.json()
		if len(data) > 0:
			for notebook in data:
				if notebook['kernel']['execution_state'] != 'idle':
					return False

				if not is_notebook_idle(notebook['kernel']['last_activity']):
					return False
	except:
		pass

	return True


def is_notebook_idle(last_activity):
	last_activity = datetime.strptime(last_activity,"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fz")

	if (datetime.now() - last_activity).total_seconds() > IDLE_TIME:
		return True

	return False


def run():
	if get_uptime() <= IDLE_TIME:
		return

	if is_jupyter_lab_idle():
		session = boto3.session.Session(region_name=ec2_metadata.region)
		ec2 = session.resource('ec2')
		instance = ec2.Instance(ec2_metadata.instance_id)
		instance.stop()


run()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) is_notebook_idle
  B) run
  C) is_jupyter_lab_idle
  D) get_uptime
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import markdown
import subprocess
import os
from modules import mylogger as ml
import jinja2
from pathlib import Path

class ReportMaker():
    def __init__(self,base_path="results/",file="report.html"):
        self.base_path = base_path
        self.file = file
        self.filename = os.path.join(self.base_path,self.file)
        self.l = ml.Logger()
        self.report = ""

    def __create_results_dir(self):
        if not os.path.isdir("results"):
            subprocess.run(["mkdir","results"])

    def __create_header(self):
        """
Creates HTML header for report
"""

    def append_text(self,markdowntext,append_newline=True,**kwargs):
        template = jinja2.Template(markdowntext)
        expanded_text = template.render(**kwargs)
        self.report += expanded_text
        if append_newline:
            self.report += "\n\n"

    def compile(self):
        self.__create_results_dir()
        rep = markdown.markdown(self.report)
        file = open(self.filename,"w+")
        file.write(rep)
        self.l.info(f"Report written succesfully to {self.filename}!")



```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) append_text
  B) __init__
  C) ReportMaker
  D) __create_results_dir
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import markdown
import subprocess
import os
from modules import mylogger as ml
import jinja2
from pathlib import Path

class ReportMaker():
    def __init__(self,base_path="results/",file="report.html"):
        self.base_path = base_path
        self.file = file
        self.filename = os.path.join(self.base_path,self.file)
        self.l = ml.Logger()
        self.report = ""

    def __create_results_dir(self):
        if not os.path.isdir("results"):
            subprocess.run(["mkdir","results"])

    def __create_header(self):
        """
Creates HTML header for report
"""

    def append_text(self,markdowntext,append_newline=True,**kwargs):
        template = jinja2.Template(markdowntext)
        expanded_text = template.render(**kwargs)
        self.report += expanded_text
        if append_newline:
            self.report += "\n\n"

    def compile(self):
        self.__create_results_dir()
        rep = markdown.markdown(self.report)
        file = open(self.filename,"w+")
        file.write(rep)
        self.l.info(f"Report written succesfully to {self.filename}!")



```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: append_text
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
class BankAccount:
    __password = "12345"
    _balance = 5000
    name = "Egor"
    number = 123

    def printBalance(self, password, balance):
        if (password == self.__password):
            self._balance = balance
            print("Новый баланс счёта:", self._balance)
        else:
            print("Неверный пароль")


    def __privateFunc(self):
            print("Это приватный метод")

    def publicFunc(self):
        self.__privateFunc()

    def setPassword(self, newPassword):
        if (newPassword != "aaa"):
            self.__password = newPassword
            print("Новый пароль:", self.__password)
        else:
            print("Пароль не может быть aaa")

a = BankAccount()
a.printBalance("12345", 3000)
a.printBalance("456", 10000)

a.publicFunc()
a._BankAccount__privateFunc() #фича

a.setPassword("10000000")
a.setPassword("aaa")
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  E) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  F) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import argparse
import select
import socket
import ssl

import connection
import signer

PROTOCOL = 'h2-14'

# The method that kicks everything off
def start_up(args):
    # Spin up the signer
    ca = signer.CertificateAuthority()
    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
    context.load_cert_chain(ca[b'localhost'])
    context.set_npn_protocols([PROTOCOL])

    # Create and listen on socket
    sock = socket.socket()
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    sock.bind(('localhost',8080))
    sock.listen(1)
    conn, addr = sock.accept()

    # Wrap that socket in TLS
    conn = context.wrap_socket(conn, server_side=True)

    # Sanity check that we're running right protocol
    protocol = conn.selected_npn_protocol()
    print("Running: " + protocol)
    print("Correct: {}\n".format(str(protocol == PROTOCOL)))

    # Begin our connection
    c = connection.Connection(conn, verbose=args["verbose"])
    c.begin()

    # TODO: fix...
    while(1):
        pass

# TODO: make a little cleaner...
def parse_args():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="An HTTP/2 proxy")
    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', dest='verbose',
                        action='store_true', help='Verbose output')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    return {"verbose":args.verbose}

if __name__ == "__main__":
    args = parse_args()
    start_up(args)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  C) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  D) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  E) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import argparse
import select
import socket
import ssl

import connection
import signer

PROTOCOL = 'h2-14'

# The method that kicks everything off
def start_up(args):
    # Spin up the signer
    ca = signer.CertificateAuthority()
    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
    context.load_cert_chain(ca[b'localhost'])
    context.set_npn_protocols([PROTOCOL])

    # Create and listen on socket
    sock = socket.socket()
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    sock.bind(('localhost',8080))
    sock.listen(1)
    conn, addr = sock.accept()

    # Wrap that socket in TLS
    conn = context.wrap_socket(conn, server_side=True)

    # Sanity check that we're running right protocol
    protocol = conn.selected_npn_protocol()
    print("Running: " + protocol)
    print("Correct: {}\n".format(str(protocol == PROTOCOL)))

    # Begin our connection
    c = connection.Connection(conn, verbose=args["verbose"])
    c.begin()

    # TODO: fix...
    while(1):
        pass

# TODO: make a little cleaner...
def parse_args():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="An HTTP/2 proxy")
    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', dest='verbose',
                        action='store_true', help='Verbose output')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    return {"verbose":args.verbose}

if __name__ == "__main__":
    args = parse_args()
    start_up(args)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) parse_args
  B) start_up
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import argparse
import select
import socket
import ssl

import connection
import signer

PROTOCOL = 'h2-14'

# The method that kicks everything off
def start_up(args):
    # Spin up the signer
    ca = signer.CertificateAuthority()
    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
    context.load_cert_chain(ca[b'localhost'])
    context.set_npn_protocols([PROTOCOL])

    # Create and listen on socket
    sock = socket.socket()
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    sock.bind(('localhost',8080))
    sock.listen(1)
    conn, addr = sock.accept()

    # Wrap that socket in TLS
    conn = context.wrap_socket(conn, server_side=True)

    # Sanity check that we're running right protocol
    protocol = conn.selected_npn_protocol()
    print("Running: " + protocol)
    print("Correct: {}\n".format(str(protocol == PROTOCOL)))

    # Begin our connection
    c = connection.Connection(conn, verbose=args["verbose"])
    c.begin()

    # TODO: fix...
    while(1):
        pass

# TODO: make a little cleaner...
def parse_args():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="An HTTP/2 proxy")
    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', dest='verbose',
                        action='store_true', help='Verbose output')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    return {"verbose":args.verbose}

if __name__ == "__main__":
    args = parse_args()
    start_up(args)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: start_up