OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def home():
    return "<h1>Welcome to my project! Add a /hidden/ to the end of the URL to see another page!<h1>"

@app.route("/<name>")
def user(name):
    return f"Hello {name}!"

@app.route("/hidden/")
def admin():
    return redirect(url_for("user", name= "<h1>Secret Page! Add a /wacky/ to the end of the URL to see another page!<h1>"))

@app.route("/wacky/")
def player():
    return redirect(url_for("user", name="<h1>Wacky Road! Add a /tired/ to the end of the URL to see another page!<h1>"))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) admin
  B) player
  C) user
  D) home
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def home():
    return "<h1>Welcome to my project! Add a /hidden/ to the end of the URL to see another page!<h1>"

@app.route("/<name>")
def user(name):
    return f"Hello {name}!"

@app.route("/hidden/")
def admin():
    return redirect(url_for("user", name= "<h1>Secret Page! Add a /wacky/ to the end of the URL to see another page!<h1>"))

@app.route("/wacky/")
def player():
    return redirect(url_for("user", name="<h1>Wacky Road! Add a /tired/ to the end of the URL to see another page!<h1>"))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: user
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
import jinja2


'''
intf_config = """
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 description {{ descript }}
 no switchport
 ip address {{ ip_addr }} {{ netmask }}
 speed auto
 duplex auto

"""
'''

with open("template_jinja.j2") as file:  # read whatever is in the file defined as template
    intf_config = file.read()

intf_vars = {
    'ip_addr' : '2.2.2.2',
    'netmask' : '255.255.255.248',
    'descript' : 'TEST TEST TEST',
}

template = jinja2.Template(intf_config)  # loads template
output = template.render(**intf_vars)  # loads all attributes from dictionary intf_vars

print (output)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  B) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  C) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  F) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
This library contains utilities to use authentication and authorization features of the DCP.
"""

from typing import List

from .dcp_service_account import DCPServiceAccountManager
from ..errors import SecurityException

security_config_not_set_error = "security configuration not set for {}. Use Config.setup() to set."

OIDC_claims = {
    'email': 'https://auth.data.humancellatlas.org/email',
    'group': 'https://auth.data.humancellatlas.org/group'
}

allowed_algorithms = ['RS256']  # for encrypting and decrypting a JWT


class Config:
    _openid_provider = "humancellatlas.auth0.com"
    _auth_provider = "https://auth.data.humancellatlas.org"
    _trusted_google_projects = None
    _oidc_email_claim = 'https://auth.data.humancellatlas.org/email'

    @staticmethod
    def setup(trusted_google_projects: List[str], *, openid_provider: str = None, auth_url: str = None):
        """
        Set the configuration values
        :param trusted_google_projects: trust service account project domains to allow access to your service.
        :param openid_provider: the openid provider used to authenticate users.
        :param auth_url: The url for the DCP authentication and authorization provider.
        :return:
        """
        Config._openid_provider = openid_provider or Config._openid_provider
        Config._auth_url = auth_url or Config._auth_provider
        Config._trusted_google_projects = [x for x in trusted_google_projects if x.endswith("iam.gserviceaccount.com")]

    @staticmethod
    def get_openid_provider() -> str:
        if not Config._openid_provider:
            raise SecurityException(security_config_not_set_error.format('openid_provider'))
        return Config._openid_provider

    @staticmethod
    def get_auth_url() -> str:
        if not Config._auth_url:
            raise SecurityException(security_config_not_set_error.format('auth_url'))
        return Config._auth_url

    @staticmethod
    def get_trusted_google_projects():
        if Config._trusted_google_projects is None:
            raise SecurityException(security_config_not_set_error.format('trusted_google_projects'))
        return Config._trusted_google_projects

    @staticmethod
    def get_oidc_email_claim():
        return Config._oidc_email_claim

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) Config
  B) setup
  C) get_openid_provider
  D) get_trusted_google_projects
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
This library contains utilities to use authentication and authorization features of the DCP.
"""

from typing import List

from .dcp_service_account import DCPServiceAccountManager
from ..errors import SecurityException

security_config_not_set_error = "security configuration not set for {}. Use Config.setup() to set."

OIDC_claims = {
    'email': 'https://auth.data.humancellatlas.org/email',
    'group': 'https://auth.data.humancellatlas.org/group'
}

allowed_algorithms = ['RS256']  # for encrypting and decrypting a JWT


class Config:
    _openid_provider = "humancellatlas.auth0.com"
    _auth_provider = "https://auth.data.humancellatlas.org"
    _trusted_google_projects = None
    _oidc_email_claim = 'https://auth.data.humancellatlas.org/email'

    @staticmethod
    def setup(trusted_google_projects: List[str], *, openid_provider: str = None, auth_url: str = None):
        """
        Set the configuration values
        :param trusted_google_projects: trust service account project domains to allow access to your service.
        :param openid_provider: the openid provider used to authenticate users.
        :param auth_url: The url for the DCP authentication and authorization provider.
        :return:
        """
        Config._openid_provider = openid_provider or Config._openid_provider
        Config._auth_url = auth_url or Config._auth_provider
        Config._trusted_google_projects = [x for x in trusted_google_projects if x.endswith("iam.gserviceaccount.com")]

    @staticmethod
    def get_openid_provider() -> str:
        if not Config._openid_provider:
            raise SecurityException(security_config_not_set_error.format('openid_provider'))
        return Config._openid_provider

    @staticmethod
    def get_auth_url() -> str:
        if not Config._auth_url:
            raise SecurityException(security_config_not_set_error.format('auth_url'))
        return Config._auth_url

    @staticmethod
    def get_trusted_google_projects():
        if Config._trusted_google_projects is None:
            raise SecurityException(security_config_not_set_error.format('trusted_google_projects'))
        return Config._trusted_google_projects

    @staticmethod
    def get_oidc_email_claim():
        return Config._oidc_email_claim

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: setup
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests


def host_header(host, port):
    if port == 80:
        port = 'http://'
    elif port == 443:
        port = 'https://'
    else:
        print("Couldn't fetch data for the given PORT")
        return

    url = port + host
    headers = {'Host': 'http://evil.com'}
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    if 'evil.com' in response.headers:
        print("Vulnerable to Host Header Injection")
    else:
        print("Not Vulnerable to Host header injection")

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  B) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  C) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  D) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  E) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.views.generic import FormView, TemplateView
from django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectMixin

from django_persistent_todo.forms import AddToDoForm
from django_persistent_todo.models import ToDoItem


class RedirectMixin(object):
    def get_success_url(self):
        """ Redirect to the origin. """
        return self.request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER','/')


class AddToDoView(RedirectMixin, FormView):
    form_class = AddToDoForm
    http_method_names = ['post']
    
    def form_valid(self, form):
        """ Save the new todo item. """
        text = form.cleaned_data.get('text')
        item = ToDoItem(text=text)
        print vars(self)
        item.list_id = form.cleaned_data.get('list_id')
        item.save()
        return super(AddToDoView, self).form_valid(form)


class DelToDoView(RedirectMixin, TemplateView, SingleObjectMixin):
    http_method_names = ['get']
    model = ToDoItem
    
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """ Delete existing todo item. """
        if self.get_object():
            self.get_object().delete()
        return HttpResponseRedirect(self.get_success_url())

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  E) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  F) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
__author__ = 'raz0r'

import re
import click
import requests
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)

def run(url):
    response = requests.get(url + '/non_existing', verify=False)
    banner = parse_response(response.content)
    if banner:
        click.echo(click.style('Custom error pages are not enabled, service banner: {}'.format(banner), fg='green'))
    else:
        click.echo(click.style('Custom error pages are enabled', fg='red'))


def parse_response(response):
    match = re.search("<address>(.+?)</address>", response.decode('utf-8'))
    if match:
        return match.group(1)
    return False

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
__author__ = 'raz0r'

import re
import click
import requests
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)

def run(url):
    response = requests.get(url + '/non_existing', verify=False)
    banner = parse_response(response.content)
    if banner:
        click.echo(click.style('Custom error pages are not enabled, service banner: {}'.format(banner), fg='green'))
    else:
        click.echo(click.style('Custom error pages are enabled', fg='red'))


def parse_response(response):
    match = re.search("<address>(.+?)</address>", response.decode('utf-8'))
    if match:
        return match.group(1)
    return False

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) parse_response
  B) run
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
__author__ = 'raz0r'

import re
import click
import requests
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)

def run(url):
    response = requests.get(url + '/non_existing', verify=False)
    banner = parse_response(response.content)
    if banner:
        click.echo(click.style('Custom error pages are not enabled, service banner: {}'.format(banner), fg='green'))
    else:
        click.echo(click.style('Custom error pages are enabled', fg='red'))


def parse_response(response):
    match = re.search("<address>(.+?)</address>", response.decode('utf-8'))
    if match:
        return match.group(1)
    return False

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: run
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import shutil

from jinja2 import Environment, ChoiceLoader, FileSystemLoader
from roman_numerals import convert_to_numeral


def relative_to_absolute(base, rel):
    return os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(base), rel))

def absolute_directory(filename):
    return os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(filename))

def create_dir(dirname):
    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
        os.makedirs(dirname)
        print(f"created {dirname}")


def copy_file(input_filename, output_dir):
    output_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, os.path.basename(input_filename))
    shutil.copy(input_filename, output_filename)
    print(f"copied {output_filename}")


def roman(s):
    if s.isnumeric():
        return convert_to_numeral(int(s))
    else:
        return s


def load_template(template_name, extra_dir):
    env = Environment(
        loader=ChoiceLoader([
            FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(extra_dir, "templates")),
            FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates")),
        ]),
    )
    env.filters["roman"] = roman
    return env.get_template(template_name)


def render(template_filename, context, output_filename, extra_dir):
    with open(output_filename, "w") as output:
        template = load_template(template_filename, extra_dir)
        print(template.render(**context), file=output)
    print(f"rendered {output_filename}")


def build_tree(filename, title, levels):

    root = {
        "title": title,
        "kind": "work",
        "children": {},
    }

    with open(filename) as f:

        for line in f:
            parts = line.strip().split(maxsplit=1)
            ref = parts[0].split(".")

            node = root
            for level, ref_part in zip(levels[:-1], ref[:-1]):
                node = node["children"].setdefault(ref_part, {
                    "kind": level,
                    "children": {},
                })

            node["children"][ref[-1]] = {
                "kind": levels[-1],
                "content": parts[1],
            }

    return root

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  F) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import shutil

from jinja2 import Environment, ChoiceLoader, FileSystemLoader
from roman_numerals import convert_to_numeral


def relative_to_absolute(base, rel):
    return os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(base), rel))

def absolute_directory(filename):
    return os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(filename))

def create_dir(dirname):
    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
        os.makedirs(dirname)
        print(f"created {dirname}")


def copy_file(input_filename, output_dir):
    output_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, os.path.basename(input_filename))
    shutil.copy(input_filename, output_filename)
    print(f"copied {output_filename}")


def roman(s):
    if s.isnumeric():
        return convert_to_numeral(int(s))
    else:
        return s


def load_template(template_name, extra_dir):
    env = Environment(
        loader=ChoiceLoader([
            FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(extra_dir, "templates")),
            FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates")),
        ]),
    )
    env.filters["roman"] = roman
    return env.get_template(template_name)


def render(template_filename, context, output_filename, extra_dir):
    with open(output_filename, "w") as output:
        template = load_template(template_filename, extra_dir)
        print(template.render(**context), file=output)
    print(f"rendered {output_filename}")


def build_tree(filename, title, levels):

    root = {
        "title": title,
        "kind": "work",
        "children": {},
    }

    with open(filename) as f:

        for line in f:
            parts = line.strip().split(maxsplit=1)
            ref = parts[0].split(".")

            node = root
            for level, ref_part in zip(levels[:-1], ref[:-1]):
                node = node["children"].setdefault(ref_part, {
                    "kind": level,
                    "children": {},
                })

            node["children"][ref[-1]] = {
                "kind": levels[-1],
                "content": parts[1],
            }

    return root

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) absolute_directory
  B) relative_to_absolute
  C) load_template
  D) roman
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from app.test.userCredentialsTest import isCredentialsNotBlank
credentialsTest = isCredentialsNotBlank
#manage user credentials
def readUserCrenditialFile():
    '''
    this function have a functionality to read userCredential.txt file
    '''
    file = open("userCredentials.txt", "r")
    print("\tUser Name\tAccount\t\tPassword")
    print("\t----------------------------------------")
    for i in file:
        user =i.split("|")
        if user:
            print("\t"+user[0]+"\t\t"+user[1]+"\t\t"+user[2])
            
        else:
            print("it is blank")

    print("\t______________________________________________")

def writeUserCrendentialsFile(username, password, account):
    '''
    this function have a functionality to write userCredential.txt file
    '''
    file = open("userCredentials.txt", "a")
    file.write(username+"|"+account+"|"+password+"\n")

def removeAccount(password):
    '''
    this function handles a functionality of removing credentials from userCredential.txt
    it takes in password as a param 
    '''
    with open("userCredentials.txt",'r') as file:
        lines = file.readlines()

    with open("userCredentials.txt",'w') as file:
        for line in lines:
        # find() returns -1 if no match is found
            if line.find(password) != -1:
                print("No Matching account")
            else:
                file.write(line)
                print("Deleted")
#manage user 
def writeRegisterUserFile(username, password):
    '''
    this function handles writing writerRegisterUserFile.txt
    it takes in username and password
    '''
    file = open("registeredUsers.txt", "a")
    file.write(username+" "+password+"\n")

def readRegisteredUserFile():
    '''
    this function handles reading writerRegisterUserFile.txt
    '''
    file = open("registeredUsers.txt", "r")
    for i in file:
        user =i.split("|")
        print(user[0])


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  B) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  C) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  D) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  E) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  F) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os, glob
import argparse
import json
import requests
from requests import auth


def create_parser():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Add dashboards to Grafana')
    parser.add_argument('--login', type=str, required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--password', type=str, required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--grafana-url', type=str,  required=True)
    return parser


def main():
    args = create_parser().parse_args()
    grafana_url = args.grafana_url
    login = args.login
    password = args.password

    dashboards_path = os.path.join(os.path.abspath('../../kubernetes'), '../dashboards')
    os.chdir(dashboards_path)
    for dashboard_file in glob.glob('*.json'):
        with open(os.path.join(dashboards_path, dashboard_file), 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            dashboard = json.load(f)
            resp = requests.post(
                url=grafana_url + 'db', auth=auth.HTTPBasicAuth(login, password),
                json={'dashboard':dashboard, 'folderId': 0, 'overwrite': True}, verify=False
            )
            print(resp, ' ', resp.content)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: main
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models
from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
import logging
from jinja2 import Environment
from permabots.models.base import PermabotsModel
from permabots import validators

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

@python_2_unicode_compatible    
class Response(PermabotsModel):
    """
    Model to generate a response to send in a message.
    """
    text_template = models.TextField(verbose_name=_("Text template"), validators=[validators.validate_template,
                                                                                  validators.validate_telegram_text_html],
                                     help_text=_("Template to generate text response. In jinja2 format. http://jinja.pocoo.org/"))
    keyboard_template = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name=_("Keyboard template"),
                                         validators=[validators.validate_template, validators.validate_telegram_keyboard],
                                         help_text=_("Template to generate keyboard response. In jinja2 format. http://jinja.pocoo.org/"))
    
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _('Response')
        verbose_name_plural = _('Responses')

    def __str__(self):
        return "(text:%s, keyboard:%s)" % (self.text_template, self.keyboard_template)
    
    def process(self, **context):
        """
        Render response templates with context
        
        :param context: Context generated while processing a conversation handler or a notification hook
        :returns: Text and keyboard response
        """
        env = Environment(extensions=['jinja2_time.TimeExtension'])
        response_text_template = env.from_string(self.text_template)
        response_text = response_text_template.render(**context)
        logger.debug("Response %s generates text  %s" % (self.text_template, response_text))
        if self.keyboard_template:
            response_keyboard_template = env.from_string(self.keyboard_template)
            response_keyboard = response_keyboard_template.render(**context)
        else:
            response_keyboard = None
        logger.debug("Response %s generates keyboard  %s" % (self.keyboard_template, response_keyboard))
        return response_text, response_keyboard
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) __str__
  B) Response
  C) process
  D) Meta
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import random

info = {}



s = "abcdefghijklnmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!@#$%^&*()?"
len_password = int(input("Enter number of letters in password: "))

password ="".join(random.sample(s,len_password))
print(password)

answer = input("Do you wnat to keep this password: ")
if("yes" in answer):
	account_name = input("enter  account name: ")
	info[account_name] = password
	print(info)
else:
	print("okay")

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  D) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  E) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  F) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
'''
WeSee Server
'''
import os
import sqlite3
import ConfigParser
from flask import Flask, request, session, g, redirect, url_for, \
    abort, render_template, flash, jsonify, send_from_directory

DEBUG = True
HOST = '0.0.0.0'
PORT = 51008
SECRET_KEY = 'wesee in hhdt dep dev key'

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(__name__)

# load config file
conf_parser = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
conf_parser.read('config.ini')

WESEE_BASEPATH = conf_parser.get('base', 'path')
db_filename = conf_parser.get('db', 'filename')

def connect_db():
    """Connects to the specific database."""
    rv = sqlite3.connect(db_filename)
    rv.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
    return rv

def get_db():
    """Opens a new database connection if there is none yet for the
    current application context.
    """
    if not hasattr(g, 'sqlite_db'):
        g.sqlite_db = connect_db()
    return g.sqlite_db

@app.teardown_appcontext
def close_db(error):
    """Closes the database again at the end of the request."""
    if hasattr(g, 'sqlite_db'):
        g.sqlite_db.close()

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route('/hi')
def hi():
    c_max_ctime = request.args.get('mc')
    c_tot_count = request.args.get('tc')
    c_cur_album = request.args.get('ca')

    if c_max_ctime is None: return 'hi'
    if c_tot_count is None: return 'hi'
    if c_cur_album is None: return 'hi'
    
    try:
        tc = int(c_tot_count)
        mc = int(c_max_ctime)
        ca = c_cur_album.strip()
    except:
        return 'hi'
    
    db = get_db()
    # compare client max and server max ctime
    rs = db.execute("""
        SELECT album, fn, user, ctime
        FROM photos
        WHERE ctime>?
        AND album=?
    """, [mc, ca]).fetchall()
    # create a return object
    ret = {'count':0, 'photos':[]}
    for r in rs:
        ret['count'] += 1
        ret['photos'].append({
            'a': r[0],
            'f': r[1],
            'u': r[2],
            't': r[3]
        })

    return jsonify(ret)


@app.route('/dl')
def dl():
    c_fn = request.args.get('fn')
    c_ab = request.args.get('ab')

    if c_fn is None: return 'This page does not exist', 404
    if c_ab is None: return 'This page does not exist', 404

    return send_from_directory(os.path.join(WESEE_BASEPATH, c_ab), 
            c_fn, as_attachment=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host=HOST, port=PORT)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) connect_db
  B) dl
  C) get_db
  D) hi
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
'''
WeSee Server
'''
import os
import sqlite3
import ConfigParser
from flask import Flask, request, session, g, redirect, url_for, \
    abort, render_template, flash, jsonify, send_from_directory

DEBUG = True
HOST = '0.0.0.0'
PORT = 51008
SECRET_KEY = 'wesee in hhdt dep dev key'

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(__name__)

# load config file
conf_parser = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
conf_parser.read('config.ini')

WESEE_BASEPATH = conf_parser.get('base', 'path')
db_filename = conf_parser.get('db', 'filename')

def connect_db():
    """Connects to the specific database."""
    rv = sqlite3.connect(db_filename)
    rv.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
    return rv

def get_db():
    """Opens a new database connection if there is none yet for the
    current application context.
    """
    if not hasattr(g, 'sqlite_db'):
        g.sqlite_db = connect_db()
    return g.sqlite_db

@app.teardown_appcontext
def close_db(error):
    """Closes the database again at the end of the request."""
    if hasattr(g, 'sqlite_db'):
        g.sqlite_db.close()

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route('/hi')
def hi():
    c_max_ctime = request.args.get('mc')
    c_tot_count = request.args.get('tc')
    c_cur_album = request.args.get('ca')

    if c_max_ctime is None: return 'hi'
    if c_tot_count is None: return 'hi'
    if c_cur_album is None: return 'hi'
    
    try:
        tc = int(c_tot_count)
        mc = int(c_max_ctime)
        ca = c_cur_album.strip()
    except:
        return 'hi'
    
    db = get_db()
    # compare client max and server max ctime
    rs = db.execute("""
        SELECT album, fn, user, ctime
        FROM photos
        WHERE ctime>?
        AND album=?
    """, [mc, ca]).fetchall()
    # create a return object
    ret = {'count':0, 'photos':[]}
    for r in rs:
        ret['count'] += 1
        ret['photos'].append({
            'a': r[0],
            'f': r[1],
            'u': r[2],
            't': r[3]
        })

    return jsonify(ret)


@app.route('/dl')
def dl():
    c_fn = request.args.get('fn')
    c_ab = request.args.get('ab')

    if c_fn is None: return 'This page does not exist', 404
    if c_ab is None: return 'This page does not exist', 404

    return send_from_directory(os.path.join(WESEE_BASEPATH, c_ab), 
            c_fn, as_attachment=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host=HOST, port=PORT)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: dl
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request
import json
import subprocess

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_json("config.json")

def get_repo(content):
    return content["repository"]["name"]

def execute_script(repo):
    try:
        filename = f"./scripts/{repo}.sh"
        subprocess.call(filename, shell=True)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

@app.route('/', methods=["POST"])
def handler():
    if request.is_json:
        content = request.get_json()
    else:
        content = json.loads(request.form.get("payload"))
    try:
        repository = get_repo(content)
        execute_script(repository)
        return "success", 200
    except: # repository not found
        err_msg = f"repository {repository} not found"
        print(err_msg)
        return err_msg, 500

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(port=app.config["PORT"])
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')` vulnerability?

  A) get_repo
  B) handler
  C) execute_script
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import set2_challenge10 as cbc
import set2_challenge9 as pkcs7
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import random

def oracle(message):
    prepend = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(random.randint(5,10))])
    append = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(random.randint(5,10))])
    plaintext = prepend + message + append
    key = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(16)])
    ecb_or_cbc = random.randint(0,1)
    if( ecb_or_cbc == 0):
        #ebc
        pkcs7.PKCS7_pad(plaintext, 16)
        ciphertext = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_ECB).encrypt(pkcs7.PKCS7_pad(plaintext, 16))
    else:
        #cbc
        iv = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(16)])
        ciphertext = cbc.encrypt_cbc_with_ecb(pkcs7.PKCS7_pad(plaintext, 16), key, iv, 16)

    return {'ciphertext': ciphertext, 'mode': ecb_or_cbc} #we need a way to check our guesses



def guess_mode(oracle, length):
    # here we use the idea from set 1 challenge 8 where we find repeating blocks
    # because ecb is stateless and deterministic
    rand_plaintext = bytes(random.randint(0,256)) * length
    actual = oracle(rand_plaintext)
    chunks = [actual['ciphertext'][i:i + 16] for i in range(0, len(actual['ciphertext']), 16)]
    number_of_repetitions = len(chunks) - len(set(chunks))
    return {'guess': 0, 'actual': actual['mode']} if number_of_repetitions != 0  else {'guess': 1, 'actual': actual['mode']}


if __name__ == '__main__':
    correct = 0
    for i in range(1000):
        # at 16 bytes per block, we need 32 + 10 = 42 bytes to guarantee
        # 2 blocks are filled with our plaintext
        guess = guess_mode(oracle, 42)
        if(guess['guess'] == guess['actual']):
            correct += 1
    print(correct/1000)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  D) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import set2_challenge10 as cbc
import set2_challenge9 as pkcs7
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import random

def oracle(message):
    prepend = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(random.randint(5,10))])
    append = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(random.randint(5,10))])
    plaintext = prepend + message + append
    key = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(16)])
    ecb_or_cbc = random.randint(0,1)
    if( ecb_or_cbc == 0):
        #ebc
        pkcs7.PKCS7_pad(plaintext, 16)
        ciphertext = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_ECB).encrypt(pkcs7.PKCS7_pad(plaintext, 16))
    else:
        #cbc
        iv = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(16)])
        ciphertext = cbc.encrypt_cbc_with_ecb(pkcs7.PKCS7_pad(plaintext, 16), key, iv, 16)

    return {'ciphertext': ciphertext, 'mode': ecb_or_cbc} #we need a way to check our guesses



def guess_mode(oracle, length):
    # here we use the idea from set 1 challenge 8 where we find repeating blocks
    # because ecb is stateless and deterministic
    rand_plaintext = bytes(random.randint(0,256)) * length
    actual = oracle(rand_plaintext)
    chunks = [actual['ciphertext'][i:i + 16] for i in range(0, len(actual['ciphertext']), 16)]
    number_of_repetitions = len(chunks) - len(set(chunks))
    return {'guess': 0, 'actual': actual['mode']} if number_of_repetitions != 0  else {'guess': 1, 'actual': actual['mode']}


if __name__ == '__main__':
    correct = 0
    for i in range(1000):
        # at 16 bytes per block, we need 32 + 10 = 42 bytes to guarantee
        # 2 blocks are filled with our plaintext
        guess = guess_mode(oracle, 42)
        if(guess['guess'] == guess['actual']):
            correct += 1
    print(correct/1000)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) guess_mode
  B) oracle
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import set2_challenge10 as cbc
import set2_challenge9 as pkcs7
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import random

def oracle(message):
    prepend = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(random.randint(5,10))])
    append = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(random.randint(5,10))])
    plaintext = prepend + message + append
    key = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(16)])
    ecb_or_cbc = random.randint(0,1)
    if( ecb_or_cbc == 0):
        #ebc
        pkcs7.PKCS7_pad(plaintext, 16)
        ciphertext = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_ECB).encrypt(pkcs7.PKCS7_pad(plaintext, 16))
    else:
        #cbc
        iv = bytes([random.randint(0,255) for i in range(16)])
        ciphertext = cbc.encrypt_cbc_with_ecb(pkcs7.PKCS7_pad(plaintext, 16), key, iv, 16)

    return {'ciphertext': ciphertext, 'mode': ecb_or_cbc} #we need a way to check our guesses



def guess_mode(oracle, length):
    # here we use the idea from set 1 challenge 8 where we find repeating blocks
    # because ecb is stateless and deterministic
    rand_plaintext = bytes(random.randint(0,256)) * length
    actual = oracle(rand_plaintext)
    chunks = [actual['ciphertext'][i:i + 16] for i in range(0, len(actual['ciphertext']), 16)]
    number_of_repetitions = len(chunks) - len(set(chunks))
    return {'guess': 0, 'actual': actual['mode']} if number_of_repetitions != 0  else {'guess': 1, 'actual': actual['mode']}


if __name__ == '__main__':
    correct = 0
    for i in range(1000):
        # at 16 bytes per block, we need 32 + 10 = 42 bytes to guarantee
        # 2 blocks are filled with our plaintext
        guess = guess_mode(oracle, 42)
        if(guess['guess'] == guess['actual']):
            correct += 1
    print(correct/1000)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: oracle