OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tqdm
import os
import requests
import pathlib
import tarfile
import zipfile

def download_url(url, filename, filesize=None, resume=True):
    pathlib.Path(filename).parents[0].mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    if filesize is not None and os.path.isfile(filename) and os.path.getsize(filename) == filesize:
        print(f"Found {filename} cached")
        return

    if filesize is not None and os.path.isfile(filename) and resume:
        found_bytes_count = os.path.getsize(filename)
        resume_header = {"Range": f"bytes={found_bytes_count}"}
        response = requests.get(url, headers=resume_header, stream=True,  verify=False, allow_redirects=True)
        file_mode="ab"
    else:
        response = requests.get(url, stream=True, verify=False, allow_redirects=True)
        file_mode="wb"
    total_size_in_bytes = int(response.headers.get('content-length', 0))
    block_size = 1024**2  # 1 MB
    progress_bar = tqdm.tqdm(total=total_size_in_bytes, unit='iB', unit_scale=True)

    with open(filename, file_mode) as file:
        for data in response.iter_content(block_size):
            progress_bar.update(len(data))
            file.write(data)
    progress_bar.close()
    #if total_size_in_bytes != 0 and progress_bar.n != total_size_in_bytes:
    #    print(f"ERROR, something went wrong downloading {url} to {filename}")


def extract(compressed_path, root):
    if compressed_path.name.endswith(".tar.gz"):
        my_tar = tarfile.open(compressed_path,"r:gz")
        my_tar.extractall(root)
        my_tar.close()
    elif compressed_path.name.endswith(".zip"):
        archive = zipfile.ZipFile(compressed_path)
        archive.extractall(root)
        archive.close()
    else:
        raise ValueError
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) extract
  B) download_url
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tqdm
import os
import requests
import pathlib
import tarfile
import zipfile

def download_url(url, filename, filesize=None, resume=True):
    pathlib.Path(filename).parents[0].mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    if filesize is not None and os.path.isfile(filename) and os.path.getsize(filename) == filesize:
        print(f"Found {filename} cached")
        return

    if filesize is not None and os.path.isfile(filename) and resume:
        found_bytes_count = os.path.getsize(filename)
        resume_header = {"Range": f"bytes={found_bytes_count}"}
        response = requests.get(url, headers=resume_header, stream=True,  verify=False, allow_redirects=True)
        file_mode="ab"
    else:
        response = requests.get(url, stream=True, verify=False, allow_redirects=True)
        file_mode="wb"
    total_size_in_bytes = int(response.headers.get('content-length', 0))
    block_size = 1024**2  # 1 MB
    progress_bar = tqdm.tqdm(total=total_size_in_bytes, unit='iB', unit_scale=True)

    with open(filename, file_mode) as file:
        for data in response.iter_content(block_size):
            progress_bar.update(len(data))
            file.write(data)
    progress_bar.close()
    #if total_size_in_bytes != 0 and progress_bar.n != total_size_in_bytes:
    #    print(f"ERROR, something went wrong downloading {url} to {filename}")


def extract(compressed_path, root):
    if compressed_path.name.endswith(".tar.gz"):
        my_tar = tarfile.open(compressed_path,"r:gz")
        my_tar.extractall(root)
        my_tar.close()
    elif compressed_path.name.endswith(".zip"):
        archive = zipfile.ZipFile(compressed_path)
        archive.extractall(root)
        archive.close()
    else:
        raise ValueError
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: extract
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tqdm
import os
import requests
import pathlib
import tarfile
import zipfile

def download_url(url, filename, filesize=None, resume=True):
    pathlib.Path(filename).parents[0].mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    if filesize is not None and os.path.isfile(filename) and os.path.getsize(filename) == filesize:
        print(f"Found {filename} cached")
        return

    if filesize is not None and os.path.isfile(filename) and resume:
        found_bytes_count = os.path.getsize(filename)
        resume_header = {"Range": f"bytes={found_bytes_count}"}
        response = requests.get(url, headers=resume_header, stream=True,  verify=False, allow_redirects=True)
        file_mode="ab"
    else:
        response = requests.get(url, stream=True, verify=False, allow_redirects=True)
        file_mode="wb"
    total_size_in_bytes = int(response.headers.get('content-length', 0))
    block_size = 1024**2  # 1 MB
    progress_bar = tqdm.tqdm(total=total_size_in_bytes, unit='iB', unit_scale=True)

    with open(filename, file_mode) as file:
        for data in response.iter_content(block_size):
            progress_bar.update(len(data))
            file.write(data)
    progress_bar.close()
    #if total_size_in_bytes != 0 and progress_bar.n != total_size_in_bytes:
    #    print(f"ERROR, something went wrong downloading {url} to {filename}")


def extract(compressed_path, root):
    if compressed_path.name.endswith(".tar.gz"):
        my_tar = tarfile.open(compressed_path,"r:gz")
        my_tar.extractall(root)
        my_tar.close()
    elif compressed_path.name.endswith(".zip"):
        archive = zipfile.ZipFile(compressed_path)
        archive.extractall(root)
        archive.close()
    else:
        raise ValueError
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) download_url
  B) extract
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import binascii
import hashlib
import os

from app import db

from .base import create_uuid_string, UUID_LENGTH

server_secret = os.environ['BJ_SECRET']


class BjUser(db.Model):
	__tablename__ = 'bj_user'

	id = db.Column(db.String(UUID_LENGTH), primary_key=True, default=create_uuid_string)
	username = db.Column(db.String(15), unique=True, nullable=False)
	access_token = db.Column(db.String(255), unique=True, nullable=False)


	def __init__(self, username, access_token):
		self.username = username
		self.access_token = access_token


	@classmethod
	def has_username(self, username):
		return db.session.query(BjUser.id).filter_by(username=username).scalar() is not None


	@classmethod
	def get_user(self, username, password):
		server_access_token, user_access_token = hmac(username, password)
		bj_user = db.session.query(BjUser) \
							.filter_by(username=username) \
							.filter_by(access_token=server_access_token) \
							.scalar()
		if not bj_user:
			return None, None
		else:
			return bj_user.id, user_access_token


	@classmethod
	def add_user(self, username, password):
		server_access_token, user_access_token = hmac(username, password)
		bj_user = BjUser(
			username=username,
			access_token=server_access_token
		)
		db.session.add(bj_user)
		db.session.commit()
		return bj_user.id, user_access_token


	@classmethod
	def validate_token(self, user_id, user_access_token):
		server_access_token = db.session.query(BjUser.access_token).filter_by(id=user_id).scalar()
		return server_access_token == get_hmac(user_access_token)


def hmac(username, password):
	message_raw = f'username: {username}, password: {password}'
	user_access_token = get_hash(message_raw)
	server_access_token = get_hmac(user_access_token)
	return server_access_token, user_access_token


def get_hash(secret):
	sha = hashlib.sha512()
	sha.update(secret.encode())
	return sha.hexdigest()


def get_hmac(secret):
	dk = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', secret.encode(), server_secret.encode(), 100000)
	return binascii.hexlify(dk).decode('utf-8')

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) __init__
  B) BjUser
  C) get_user
  D) get_hash
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import binascii
import hashlib
import os

from app import db

from .base import create_uuid_string, UUID_LENGTH

server_secret = os.environ['BJ_SECRET']


class BjUser(db.Model):
	__tablename__ = 'bj_user'

	id = db.Column(db.String(UUID_LENGTH), primary_key=True, default=create_uuid_string)
	username = db.Column(db.String(15), unique=True, nullable=False)
	access_token = db.Column(db.String(255), unique=True, nullable=False)


	def __init__(self, username, access_token):
		self.username = username
		self.access_token = access_token


	@classmethod
	def has_username(self, username):
		return db.session.query(BjUser.id).filter_by(username=username).scalar() is not None


	@classmethod
	def get_user(self, username, password):
		server_access_token, user_access_token = hmac(username, password)
		bj_user = db.session.query(BjUser) \
							.filter_by(username=username) \
							.filter_by(access_token=server_access_token) \
							.scalar()
		if not bj_user:
			return None, None
		else:
			return bj_user.id, user_access_token


	@classmethod
	def add_user(self, username, password):
		server_access_token, user_access_token = hmac(username, password)
		bj_user = BjUser(
			username=username,
			access_token=server_access_token
		)
		db.session.add(bj_user)
		db.session.commit()
		return bj_user.id, user_access_token


	@classmethod
	def validate_token(self, user_id, user_access_token):
		server_access_token = db.session.query(BjUser.access_token).filter_by(id=user_id).scalar()
		return server_access_token == get_hmac(user_access_token)


def hmac(username, password):
	message_raw = f'username: {username}, password: {password}'
	user_access_token = get_hash(message_raw)
	server_access_token = get_hmac(user_access_token)
	return server_access_token, user_access_token


def get_hash(secret):
	sha = hashlib.sha512()
	sha.update(secret.encode())
	return sha.hexdigest()


def get_hmac(secret):
	dk = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', secret.encode(), server_secret.encode(), 100000)
	return binascii.hexlify(dk).decode('utf-8')

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: get_hash
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os, sys, requests
from argparse import ArgumentParser, FileType
from yaml import safe_load as load
from jinja2 import Template, Environment


def main():
  parser = ArgumentParser()
  parser.add_argument('input', type=FileType('r'))
  parser.add_argument('output', nargs='?', type=FileType('w'), default=sys.stdout)
  args = parser.parse_args()
  result = jam(args.input)
  args.output.write(result)


def jam(input):
  config = load(input)
  env = Environment()
  env.filters['download'] = download
  template = env.from_string(get_template(config['template']))
  return template.render(data=config['data'])


def get_template(template):
  if isinstance(template, str):
    return template
  if isinstance(template, dict):
    return download(template['url'])
  raise ValueError('Does not support template of type %s' % type(template))


def download(url):
    return requests.get(url).text


if __name__ == "__main__":
  if not os.isatty(0):
    print(jam(sys.stdin))
  else:
    main()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) jam
  B) download
  C) get_template
  D) main
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re

DEBUG = False

class filethingy:

    values = []

    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.values = []
        f = open(filename, 'r')
        for line in f:
            self.values.append(line)

        # print("input: ", self.values)


class findvalid:
    """class to solve the problem at hand
    """
    
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.result = 0  # Count of valid passwords
        self.mydata = filethingy(filename)

    def solve(self):
        for item in self.mydata.values:
            parsed = list(re.findall(r'(\d+)-(\d+).([a-z]):.([a-z]+)', item))[0]
            isValid = self.testValidPart2(parsed[0], parsed[1], parsed[2], parsed[3])
            print(isValid)
            if isValid:
                self.result += 1
        return self.result

    def testValid(self, lownum, highnum, letter, password):
        print(f"{lownum}, {highnum}, {letter}, {password}")
        count = password.count(letter)
        print(f"count: {count}")
        if int(lownum) <= count <= int(highnum):
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def testValidPart2(self, lownum, highnum, letter, password):
        """ apply the rule from part 2"""
        p1 = password[int(lownum)-1]
        p2 = password[int(highnum)-1]
        if (p1 == letter or p2 == letter) and not (p1 == letter and p2 == letter):
            return True
        else:
            return False

# mything = find2020s()
# mything.getfirstresult()
test = filethingy('testinput.txt')

mything2 = findvalid('input.txt')
mything2.solve()
print(mything2.result)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  B) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  C) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  F) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from collections import namedtuple

from jinja2 import Environment, PackageLoader

from . import filters


Generator = namedtuple('Generator', ['generate_project'])


def is_valid_language(language):
    return language.lower() in ['python']


def get_generator(language):
    if is_valid_language(language):
        return Generator(
            generate_project=generate_project
        )

    if language.lower() == 'python-test':
        return Generator(
            generate_project=generate_project
        )


def generate_project(program, out_directory):
    import os

    test_dir = os.path.join(out_directory, 'tests')
    if not os.path.exists(test_dir):
        os.makedirs(test_dir)

    module_path = os.path.join(out_directory, f'{program.name}.py')
    test_path = os.path.join(test_dir, f'test_{program.name}.py')

    env = Environment(
        loader=PackageLoader('wick.generators.python', 'templates')
    )

    env.filters['formatstring'] = filters.format_string
    env.filters['spaces'] = filters.spaces
    env.filters['snakecase'] = filters.snake_case
    env.filters['pascalcase'] = filters.pascal_case
    env.filters['testdata'] = filters.test_data

    with open(module_path, 'w') as file:
        template = env.get_template('main.jinja2')
        file.write(template.render(program=program))

    with open(test_path, 'w') as file:
        template = env.get_template('test.jinja2')
        file.write(template.render(program=program))


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: generate_project
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
import json
import requests

"""
目标APP：Before避风【快手旗下】
目标url：APP视频分享链接
爬取思路：
    1. 通过APP里的分享获取视频url
    2. 对 https://hlg.xiatou.com/h5/feed/detail 发送get请求，获取json数据
"""


class Before(object):
    def __init__(self, url):
        self.url = url
        self.session = requests.Session()

    def get_video(self):
        try:
            # 处理url，获取视频id
            pattern = re.compile(r'http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+',
                                 re.S)
            deal_url = re.findall(pattern, self.url)[0]
            headers = {
                "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                              "Chrome/85.0.4183.102 Safari/537.36",
                "origin": "https://m.hanyuhl.com",
                "Referer": "https://m.hanyuhl.com/"
            }
            # 获取vid
            vid = re.findall("detail/(\d+)", deal_url, re.S)[0]
            base_url = "https://hlg.xiatou.com/h5/feed/detail"
            params = {
                "id": vid
            }
            result = self.session.get(url=base_url, params=params, headers=headers, timeout=10)
            if result.status_code == 200:
                try:
                    doc = result.json()
                    url = doc["data"][0]["mediaInfoList"][0]["videoInfo"]["url"]
                    title = doc["data"][0]["title"]
                    cover = doc["data"][0]["cover"][0]["url"]
                    info = {
                        "title": title,
                        "cover": cover,
                        "video_url": url
                    }
                    return json.dumps(info, ensure_ascii=False)
                except Exception as e:
                    return json.dumps({"info": "暂无相关数据，请检查相关数据：" + str(e)}, ensure_ascii=False)
            else:
                return json.dumps({"info": "暂无相关数据，请检查相关数据："}, ensure_ascii=False)

        except Exception as e:
            return json.dumps({"info": "暂无相关数据，请检查相关数据：" + str(e)}, ensure_ascii=False)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    before = Before("https://m.hanyuhl.com/detail/61711447?shareId=497719724")
    print(before.get_video())
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) __init__
  B) Before
  C) get_video
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
import json
import requests

"""
目标APP：Before避风【快手旗下】
目标url：APP视频分享链接
爬取思路：
    1. 通过APP里的分享获取视频url
    2. 对 https://hlg.xiatou.com/h5/feed/detail 发送get请求，获取json数据
"""


class Before(object):
    def __init__(self, url):
        self.url = url
        self.session = requests.Session()

    def get_video(self):
        try:
            # 处理url，获取视频id
            pattern = re.compile(r'http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+',
                                 re.S)
            deal_url = re.findall(pattern, self.url)[0]
            headers = {
                "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                              "Chrome/85.0.4183.102 Safari/537.36",
                "origin": "https://m.hanyuhl.com",
                "Referer": "https://m.hanyuhl.com/"
            }
            # 获取vid
            vid = re.findall("detail/(\d+)", deal_url, re.S)[0]
            base_url = "https://hlg.xiatou.com/h5/feed/detail"
            params = {
                "id": vid
            }
            result = self.session.get(url=base_url, params=params, headers=headers, timeout=10)
            if result.status_code == 200:
                try:
                    doc = result.json()
                    url = doc["data"][0]["mediaInfoList"][0]["videoInfo"]["url"]
                    title = doc["data"][0]["title"]
                    cover = doc["data"][0]["cover"][0]["url"]
                    info = {
                        "title": title,
                        "cover": cover,
                        "video_url": url
                    }
                    return json.dumps(info, ensure_ascii=False)
                except Exception as e:
                    return json.dumps({"info": "暂无相关数据，请检查相关数据：" + str(e)}, ensure_ascii=False)
            else:
                return json.dumps({"info": "暂无相关数据，请检查相关数据："}, ensure_ascii=False)

        except Exception as e:
            return json.dumps({"info": "暂无相关数据，请检查相关数据：" + str(e)}, ensure_ascii=False)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    before = Before("https://m.hanyuhl.com/detail/61711447?shareId=497719724")
    print(before.get_video())
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: get_video
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from sendgrid import SendGridAPIClient
from sendgrid.helpers.mail import Mail, From
from jinja2 import Template, Environment, FileSystemLoader
from config.config import Config

# sending email
def send_email(msg):
    # load config file
    configuration = Config()

    # set message to variable
    subject = msg['subject']
    to_email = msg['to_email']
    html_content = msg['html_content']
    data_content = msg['data_content']
    # {
    #     'brand': 'R-Wash',
    #     'customer_name': msg['name'],
    #     'text': 'Come on, immediately bring Your vehicle here',
    #     'code_booking': msg['code_booking'],
    #     'motor_type': msg['motor_type'],
    #     'total': msg['tot_cost'],
    #     'status': msg['status'],
    #     'order_created': msg['ctime'],
    #     'order_timeupdate': msg['etime'],
    #     'action': 'https://redwash.000webhostapp.com/user/queue',
    # }

    # set Mail class to message
    message = Mail(
        from_email=From(
            configuration.get_property('SENDGRID_SENDER'),
             "R-Wash"
             ),
        to_emails=to_email,
        subject=subject,
        html_content=body_email(data_content, html_content)
    )
    try:
        # set api key to sendgrid_client
        sendgrid_client = SendGridAPIClient(
            configuration.get_property('SENDGRID_API_KEY'))
        # send message
        print('Sending email')
        response = sendgrid_client.send(message)
        # print response
        print('Status: ',response.status_code)
        print(response.body)
        print(response.headers)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e.message)

    return response.status_code

def body_email(data_content, html_content):
    content = data_content # set data_content

    # define FileSystemLoader to retrieved 
    # template from the templates directory
    env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader("templates"))

    # get template file
    template = env.get_template('%s.html' %html_content)

    # render data content to template
    output = template.render(body=content)
    return output
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) send_email
  B) body_email
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from sendgrid import SendGridAPIClient
from sendgrid.helpers.mail import Mail, From
from jinja2 import Template, Environment, FileSystemLoader
from config.config import Config

# sending email
def send_email(msg):
    # load config file
    configuration = Config()

    # set message to variable
    subject = msg['subject']
    to_email = msg['to_email']
    html_content = msg['html_content']
    data_content = msg['data_content']
    # {
    #     'brand': 'R-Wash',
    #     'customer_name': msg['name'],
    #     'text': 'Come on, immediately bring Your vehicle here',
    #     'code_booking': msg['code_booking'],
    #     'motor_type': msg['motor_type'],
    #     'total': msg['tot_cost'],
    #     'status': msg['status'],
    #     'order_created': msg['ctime'],
    #     'order_timeupdate': msg['etime'],
    #     'action': 'https://redwash.000webhostapp.com/user/queue',
    # }

    # set Mail class to message
    message = Mail(
        from_email=From(
            configuration.get_property('SENDGRID_SENDER'),
             "R-Wash"
             ),
        to_emails=to_email,
        subject=subject,
        html_content=body_email(data_content, html_content)
    )
    try:
        # set api key to sendgrid_client
        sendgrid_client = SendGridAPIClient(
            configuration.get_property('SENDGRID_API_KEY'))
        # send message
        print('Sending email')
        response = sendgrid_client.send(message)
        # print response
        print('Status: ',response.status_code)
        print(response.body)
        print(response.headers)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e.message)

    return response.status_code

def body_email(data_content, html_content):
    content = data_content # set data_content

    # define FileSystemLoader to retrieved 
    # template from the templates directory
    env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader("templates"))

    # get template file
    template = env.get_template('%s.html' %html_content)

    # render data content to template
    output = template.render(body=content)
    return output
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: body_email
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
""" Creation of Flask object along with configuration based on environment name specified in the settings file"""
import logging
from datetime import datetime as dt
from flask import Flask, Blueprint, request
from flask_restful import Api
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_bcrypt import Bcrypt
from flask_login import LoginManager
from flask_admin import Admin
from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager

from .settings import config_by_name
from app.main.utils.LogSetup import LogSetup

logs = LogSetup()
db = SQLAlchemy()
admin = Admin()
flask_bcrypt = Bcrypt()
login_manager = LoginManager()
flask_jwt_manager = JWTManager()
api_blueprint = Blueprint('api', __name__)
api = Api(api_blueprint)


def create_app(config_name):
    """
    creates the Flask object

    Args:
        config_name (str): string to define the environment settings the Flask object will be configured with

    Returns:
        object: Flask object configured with the configuration parameters from settings based on the environment name specified
    """
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(config_by_name[config_name])
    add_extentions(app=app)


    @app.after_request
    def after_request(response):
        """ Logging after every request. """
        logger = logging.getLogger("app.access")
        logger.info(
            "%s [%s] %s %s %s %s %s %s %s",
            request.remote_addr,
            dt.utcnow().strftime("%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S.%f")[:-3],
            request.method,
            request.path,
            request.scheme,
            response.status,
            response.content_length,
            request.referrer,
            request.user_agent,
        )
        return response

    return app

def add_extentions(app):
    # api.init_app(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    logs.init_app(app)
    flask_bcrypt.init_app(app)
    login_manager.init_app(app)
    admin.init_app(app)
    flask_jwt_manager.init_app(app)
    
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  C) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  D) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  E) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  F) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
""" Creation of Flask object along with configuration based on environment name specified in the settings file"""
import logging
from datetime import datetime as dt
from flask import Flask, Blueprint, request
from flask_restful import Api
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_bcrypt import Bcrypt
from flask_login import LoginManager
from flask_admin import Admin
from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager

from .settings import config_by_name
from app.main.utils.LogSetup import LogSetup

logs = LogSetup()
db = SQLAlchemy()
admin = Admin()
flask_bcrypt = Bcrypt()
login_manager = LoginManager()
flask_jwt_manager = JWTManager()
api_blueprint = Blueprint('api', __name__)
api = Api(api_blueprint)


def create_app(config_name):
    """
    creates the Flask object

    Args:
        config_name (str): string to define the environment settings the Flask object will be configured with

    Returns:
        object: Flask object configured with the configuration parameters from settings based on the environment name specified
    """
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(config_by_name[config_name])
    add_extentions(app=app)


    @app.after_request
    def after_request(response):
        """ Logging after every request. """
        logger = logging.getLogger("app.access")
        logger.info(
            "%s [%s] %s %s %s %s %s %s %s",
            request.remote_addr,
            dt.utcnow().strftime("%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S.%f")[:-3],
            request.method,
            request.path,
            request.scheme,
            response.status,
            response.content_length,
            request.referrer,
            request.user_agent,
        )
        return response

    return app

def add_extentions(app):
    # api.init_app(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    logs.init_app(app)
    flask_bcrypt.init_app(app)
    login_manager.init_app(app)
    admin.init_app(app)
    flask_jwt_manager.init_app(app)
    
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability?

  A) create_app
  B) after_request
  C) add_extentions
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
""" Creation of Flask object along with configuration based on environment name specified in the settings file"""
import logging
from datetime import datetime as dt
from flask import Flask, Blueprint, request
from flask_restful import Api
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_bcrypt import Bcrypt
from flask_login import LoginManager
from flask_admin import Admin
from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager

from .settings import config_by_name
from app.main.utils.LogSetup import LogSetup

logs = LogSetup()
db = SQLAlchemy()
admin = Admin()
flask_bcrypt = Bcrypt()
login_manager = LoginManager()
flask_jwt_manager = JWTManager()
api_blueprint = Blueprint('api', __name__)
api = Api(api_blueprint)


def create_app(config_name):
    """
    creates the Flask object

    Args:
        config_name (str): string to define the environment settings the Flask object will be configured with

    Returns:
        object: Flask object configured with the configuration parameters from settings based on the environment name specified
    """
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(config_by_name[config_name])
    add_extentions(app=app)


    @app.after_request
    def after_request(response):
        """ Logging after every request. """
        logger = logging.getLogger("app.access")
        logger.info(
            "%s [%s] %s %s %s %s %s %s %s",
            request.remote_addr,
            dt.utcnow().strftime("%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S.%f")[:-3],
            request.method,
            request.path,
            request.scheme,
            response.status,
            response.content_length,
            request.referrer,
            request.user_agent,
        )
        return response

    return app

def add_extentions(app):
    # api.init_app(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    logs.init_app(app)
    flask_bcrypt.init_app(app)
    login_manager.init_app(app)
    admin.init_app(app)
    flask_jwt_manager.init_app(app)
    
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability.
Answer: after_request
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Blueprint for user interface (the single page app) entry points"""
from flask import Blueprint, Response, g, redirect, render_template, request, send_file
from flask_security import current_user, login_required

from common.config import get_config
from ...flask_modules.jwt import create_jwt_for_user

_CONFIG = get_config()

UI_BP = Blueprint('ui', __name__, url_prefix='/%s/ui' % _CONFIG.get('DEFAULT', 'version'))
UI_NONAUTH_BP = Blueprint('ui_nonauth', __name__)


@UI_BP.route('/static/app.js')
def appjs() -> Response:
    """:return: the single page javascript app"""
    return send_file('static/app.js')


def _hand_off_to_app(path: str) -> Response:
    return render_template('ui.html',
                           bot_id=_CONFIG.get("BOT", "client_id"),
                           jwt=create_jwt_for_user(current_user
                                                   if current_user.has_role('tagger')
                                                   else g.demo_user),
                           auth_token=(
                               current_user.get_auth_token()
                               if current_user.has_role('tagger')
                               else g.demo_user.get_auth_token()),
                           path=path,
                           version=_CONFIG.get('DEFAULT', 'version'))


@UI_NONAUTH_BP.route('/legal')
@UI_NONAUTH_BP.route('/team')
@UI_NONAUTH_BP.route('/enterprise')
def nonauth() -> Response:
    """Other (landing) pages implemented by the single page app."""
    return _hand_off_to_app(request.path)


@UI_NONAUTH_BP.route('/v1/<path:path>')
@UI_NONAUTH_BP.route('/v2/<path:path>')
@UI_NONAUTH_BP.route('/v3/<path:path>')
def redir_old_new(path: str) -> Response:
    """Redirects call to old versions to the new version"""
    return redirect('/%s/%s' % (_CONFIG.get('DEFAULT', 'version'), path))


@UI_BP.route('/', defaults={'path': ''})
@UI_BP.route('/<path:path>')
@login_required
def root(path: str) -> Response:
    """Catch all for ui paths. Hands the path off to the single page app."""
    return _hand_off_to_app(path)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) _hand_off_to_app
  B) nonauth
  C) appjs
  D) redir_old_new
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from pprint import pprint

import requests
from flask import Flask
from flask import request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/")
def whatsapp_echo():
    return "WhatsApp HTTP API Echo server is ready!"


@app.route("/message", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def whatsapp_webhook():
    data = request.get_json()
    if not data:
        return "WhatsApp HTTP API Echo server is ready!"
    pprint(data)
    # The text
    text = data["body"]
    # Number in format 791111111@c.us
    from_ = data["from"]

    if data.get("clientUrl", None):
        # Download file and set text to path
        client_url = data["clientUrl"]
        filename = client_url.split("/")[-1]
        path = "/tmp/" + filename
        r = requests.get(client_url)
        open(path, "wb").write(r.content)
        text = f"We have downloaded file here: {path}"

    # Send a text back via WhatsApp HTTP API
    response = requests.post(
        "http://localhost:3000/api/sendText", json={"chatId": from_, "text": text}
    )
    response.raise_for_status()
    return "OK"

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  B) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  C) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  F) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Answer: A,D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from pprint import pprint

import requests
from flask import Flask
from flask import request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/")
def whatsapp_echo():
    return "WhatsApp HTTP API Echo server is ready!"


@app.route("/message", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def whatsapp_webhook():
    data = request.get_json()
    if not data:
        return "WhatsApp HTTP API Echo server is ready!"
    pprint(data)
    # The text
    text = data["body"]
    # Number in format 791111111@c.us
    from_ = data["from"]

    if data.get("clientUrl", None):
        # Download file and set text to path
        client_url = data["clientUrl"]
        filename = client_url.split("/")[-1]
        path = "/tmp/" + filename
        r = requests.get(client_url)
        open(path, "wb").write(r.content)
        text = f"We have downloaded file here: {path}"

    # Send a text back via WhatsApp HTTP API
    response = requests.post(
        "http://localhost:3000/api/sendText", json={"chatId": from_, "text": text}
    )
    response.raise_for_status()
    return "OK"

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: whatsapp_webhook
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Utility functions, includes: `hash_id` and `Validate` class."""

import re


def hash_id(*args: str or int) -> str:
    """A simple hashing function to generate `id`s given any number of string or number inputs."""
    return ":".join([str(val) for val in args])


class Validate:
    @staticmethod
    def email(x: str) -> bool:
        """Use regular expressions to check if input string is a valid email."""
        regex = r"(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$)"
        try:
            return len(re.match(regex, x).groups()) == 1
        except:
            return False

    @staticmethod
    def phone(x: str) -> bool:
        """Use regular expressions to check if input string is a valid phone number."""
        regex = r"(\d{3}[-\s]??\d{3}[-\s]??\d{4}|\(\d{3}\)\s*\d{3}[-\s]??\d{4}|\d{3}[-\s]??\d{4})"
        try:
            return len(re.match(regex, x).groups()) == 1
        except:
            return False

    @staticmethod
    def title(x: str) -> bool:
        """Use regular expressions to check if input string is a valid project title."""
        regex = r"^(?![-._])(?!.*[_.-]{2})[\w.-]{4,30}(?<![-._])$"
        try:
            return re.match(regex, x) is not None
        except:
            return False

    @staticmethod
    def url(x: str) -> bool:
        """Use regular expressions to check if input string is a valid url."""
        regex = r"(^http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*,]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+$)"
        try:
            return len(re.match(regex, x).groups()) == 1
        except:
            return False

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  D) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  E) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  F) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
Answer: C,E