OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask,render_template,url_for,redirect
from flask import request
from flask import make_response
from flask import abort

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    username = request.cookies.get('username')
    return 'Hello {}'.format(username)

@app.route('/user/<username>')
def user_index(username):
    if username == 'invalid':
        abort(404)
    resp = make_response(render_template('user_index.html',username=username))
    resp.set_cookie('username',username)
    return resp

@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(error):
    return render_template('404.html'),404

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) user_index
  B) not_found
  C) index
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask,render_template,url_for,redirect
from flask import request
from flask import make_response
from flask import abort

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    username = request.cookies.get('username')
    return 'Hello {}'.format(username)

@app.route('/user/<username>')
def user_index(username):
    if username == 'invalid':
        abort(404)
    resp = make_response(render_template('user_index.html',username=username))
    resp.set_cookie('username',username)
    return resp

@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(error):
    return render_template('404.html'),404

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: index
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import json
from kfp import components

component_store = components.ComponentStore.default_store
component_store._refresh_component_cache()
component_urls = component_store._url_to_info_db.keys()

def make_sortable_component_url(url: str) -> str:
    if url.startswith('https://raw.githubusercontent.com'):
        url_parts = url.split('/')
        # Set commit/branch ref to master, so that the URLs can be sorted
        url_parts[5] = 'master'
        return '/'.join(url_parts).casefold()
    return url

component_urls = sorted(component_urls, key=make_sortable_component_url)

component_list_lines = []
for component_url in component_urls:
    component_info = json.loads(component_store._url_to_info_db.try_get_value_bytes(component_url))
    component_name = component_info['name']
    url_parts = component_url.split('/')

    repo_org = url_parts[3]
    repo_name = url_parts[4]
    commit_ref = url_parts[5]
    path_parts = url_parts[6:]

    parts_to_skip = 0

    if path_parts[0] == 'components':
        parts_to_skip += 1
    else:
        # Only list components from the "/components/" directory for now
        continue

    component_path_line = ""
    for part_idx in range(parts_to_skip, len(path_parts) - 1):
        path_part = path_parts[part_idx]
        part_url = f'https://github.com/{repo_org}/{repo_name}/tree/{commit_ref}/' + '/'.join(path_parts[0:part_idx + 1])
        component_path_line += f' / [{path_part}]({part_url})'

    component_path_line += f' / [{component_name}]({component_url})'
    component_list_lines.append(component_path_line)

# Updating the README
with open('README.md', 'r') as f:
    readme_lines = f.readlines()

with open('README.md', 'w') as f:
    for line in readme_lines:
        f.write(line)
        if 'Index of components' in line:
            break
    for line in component_list_lines:
        f.write(line + '\n\n')

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  B) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  C) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  D) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  E) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  F) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python3

import argparse
import os
import re
from twisted.web import server, resource
from twisted.internet import reactor, endpoints
from twisted.web.resource import NoResource

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--port', help='server port', default="3000")
args = parser.parse_args()
hostPort = int(args.port)
reg = re.compile("^/greeting/([a-z]+)$")

class MyServer(resource.Resource):
    isLeaf = True

    def render_GET(self, request):
        response = None
        path = request.uri.decode("utf-8")
        if path == '/':
            response = "Hello World!"
        else:
            match = reg.match(path)
            if match:
                response = "Hello, %s" % match.group(1)
        if response:
            request.setHeader(b"Content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8")
            return bytes(response, "utf-8")
        else:
            return NoResource()

pid = str(os.getpid())
with open(".pid", "w") as pidFile:
    pidFile.write(pid)
print("Master %s is running on port %d" % (pid, hostPort))

endpoints.serverFromString(reactor, "tcp:%d" % hostPort).listen(
    server.Site(MyServer()))
reactor.run()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: render_GET
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python

from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
import os

PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
env = Environment(
    autoescape=False,
    loader=FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(PATH, 'templates'))
)

def to_html_string(table, sample=5):


    if sample:
        data = [list(table.data.columns)] + [list(row) for idx, row in table.data.head(sample).iterrows()]
    else:
        data = [list(table.data.columns)] + [list(row) for idx, row in table.data.iterrows()]

    _table = {
        'profiledata':table.profiledata(),
        'table':table,
        'sample':data
    }

    template = env.get_template('profile_view.jinja')
    return template.render(table=_table)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  B) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  C) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  F) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#本程序是为了解析出每一个火车站的代码
#使用方法是使用本程序把输出结果重定向到ststion.py文件里面
import requests
import re
from pprint import pprint
def main():
    url='https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9025'
    r=requests.get(url,verify=False)         #后面的参数可以去除https验证
    r.encoding=r.apparent_encoding
    print(r.text)
    pattern=u'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)'  #正则表达式匹配
    result=dict(re.findall(pattern,r.text))
    #pprint(dict(result),indent=4)
    print(result.keys())
    print(result.values())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  B) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  C) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  D) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Routes that are used by runners."""

import logging

from flask import current_app as app
from flask import request, jsonify

from broker.core.utils import is_status_valid


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@app.route("/runners/available-job", methods=["GET"])
def get_available_job():
    """Gets an available job"""
    logger.info("REQUEST: Runner asked for an available job")
    job = app.schedule.get_next()
    if job is None:
        logger.info("RESPONSE: No more jobs available.")
        return jsonify(None), 204
    logger.info("RESPONSE: Job %i sent to runner", job.identifier)
    return jsonify(job.to_dict()), 200


@app.route("/runners/update-job", methods=["PUT"])
def update_job_status():
    """Updates a job's status"""
    payload = request.json
    logger.info(
        "REQUEST: Runner want to update job %i to status %s",
        payload["identifier"], payload["status"])
    if not is_status_valid(payload["status"]):
        logger.error("Status is not valid")
        return jsonify(
            error=f"Invalid value for status {payload['status']}"
        ), 400
    try:
        app.schedule.update_job_status(payload["identifier"], payload["status"])
        logger.info("RESPONSE: Updated job status")
        return jsonify(), 204
    except IndexError as err:
        logger.error(err)
        return jsonify(
            error=f"Resource Job #{payload['identifier']} not found"
        ), 404

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  B) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  C) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  F) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Routes that are used by runners."""

import logging

from flask import current_app as app
from flask import request, jsonify

from broker.core.utils import is_status_valid


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@app.route("/runners/available-job", methods=["GET"])
def get_available_job():
    """Gets an available job"""
    logger.info("REQUEST: Runner asked for an available job")
    job = app.schedule.get_next()
    if job is None:
        logger.info("RESPONSE: No more jobs available.")
        return jsonify(None), 204
    logger.info("RESPONSE: Job %i sent to runner", job.identifier)
    return jsonify(job.to_dict()), 200


@app.route("/runners/update-job", methods=["PUT"])
def update_job_status():
    """Updates a job's status"""
    payload = request.json
    logger.info(
        "REQUEST: Runner want to update job %i to status %s",
        payload["identifier"], payload["status"])
    if not is_status_valid(payload["status"]):
        logger.error("Status is not valid")
        return jsonify(
            error=f"Invalid value for status {payload['status']}"
        ), 400
    try:
        app.schedule.update_job_status(payload["identifier"], payload["status"])
        logger.info("RESPONSE: Updated job status")
        return jsonify(), 204
    except IndexError as err:
        logger.error(err)
        return jsonify(
            error=f"Resource Job #{payload['identifier']} not found"
        ), 404

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability?

  A) get_available_job
  B) update_job_status
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Routes that are used by runners."""

import logging

from flask import current_app as app
from flask import request, jsonify

from broker.core.utils import is_status_valid


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@app.route("/runners/available-job", methods=["GET"])
def get_available_job():
    """Gets an available job"""
    logger.info("REQUEST: Runner asked for an available job")
    job = app.schedule.get_next()
    if job is None:
        logger.info("RESPONSE: No more jobs available.")
        return jsonify(None), 204
    logger.info("RESPONSE: Job %i sent to runner", job.identifier)
    return jsonify(job.to_dict()), 200


@app.route("/runners/update-job", methods=["PUT"])
def update_job_status():
    """Updates a job's status"""
    payload = request.json
    logger.info(
        "REQUEST: Runner want to update job %i to status %s",
        payload["identifier"], payload["status"])
    if not is_status_valid(payload["status"]):
        logger.error("Status is not valid")
        return jsonify(
            error=f"Invalid value for status {payload['status']}"
        ), 400
    try:
        app.schedule.update_job_status(payload["identifier"], payload["status"])
        logger.info("RESPONSE: Updated job status")
        return jsonify(), 204
    except IndexError as err:
        logger.error(err)
        return jsonify(
            error=f"Resource Job #{payload['identifier']} not found"
        ), 404

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability.
Answer: update_job_status
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import subprocess

from flask import Flask, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

BASE_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))


@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    commands = [
        dict(url='/commands/play', name='Play MP3', icon='fa-file-audio-o'),
        dict(url='/commands/testvumeter', name='Test VU meter', icon='fa-flask'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/0', name='Set volume 0%', icon='fa-volume-off'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/25', name='Set volume 25%', icon='fa-volume-down'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/50', name='Set volume 50%', icon='fa-volume-down'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/75', name='Set volume 75%', icon='fa-volume-down'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/100', name='Set volume 100%', icon='fa-volume-up'),
    ]

    return render_template('index.t.html', commands=commands)
    # return 'Hello World!'


@app.route('/commands/play')
def command_play_mp3():
    subprocess.run(['mpg321', os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/sounds/Forest-birds-ambience-early-spring.mp3')])
    return 'playing mp3 here'


@app.route('/commands/volume/<int:vol_pct>')
def command_set_volume(vol_pct=None):
    subprocess.run(['amixer', 'sset', 'Master', '{}%'.format(vol_pct)])
    return ('volume set to {}%'.format(vol_pct))


@app.route('/commands/testvumeter')
def command_test_vumeter():
    from test_vumeter import test_vumeter
    test_vumeter()
    return ('testing vu meter')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  F) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import subprocess

from flask import Flask, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

BASE_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))


@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    commands = [
        dict(url='/commands/play', name='Play MP3', icon='fa-file-audio-o'),
        dict(url='/commands/testvumeter', name='Test VU meter', icon='fa-flask'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/0', name='Set volume 0%', icon='fa-volume-off'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/25', name='Set volume 25%', icon='fa-volume-down'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/50', name='Set volume 50%', icon='fa-volume-down'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/75', name='Set volume 75%', icon='fa-volume-down'),
        dict(url='/commands/volume/100', name='Set volume 100%', icon='fa-volume-up'),
    ]

    return render_template('index.t.html', commands=commands)
    # return 'Hello World!'


@app.route('/commands/play')
def command_play_mp3():
    subprocess.run(['mpg321', os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/sounds/Forest-birds-ambience-early-spring.mp3')])
    return 'playing mp3 here'


@app.route('/commands/volume/<int:vol_pct>')
def command_set_volume(vol_pct=None):
    subprocess.run(['amixer', 'sset', 'Master', '{}%'.format(vol_pct)])
    return ('volume set to {}%'.format(vol_pct))


@app.route('/commands/testvumeter')
def command_test_vumeter():
    from test_vumeter import test_vumeter
    test_vumeter()
    return ('testing vu meter')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: command_set_volume
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# ========================
#       Information
# ========================

# Direct Link: https://www.hackerrank.com/challenges/matching-x-y-repetitions/problem
# Difficulty: Easy
# Max Score: 20
# Language: Python

# ========================
#         Solution
# ========================

import re

regex_pattern = r'^\d{1,2}[a-zA-z]{3,}[.]{0,3}$'

# Regex Pattern:
# .
# ├── ^
# │   └── Denotes the start of the line
# ├── \d{1,2}
# │   ├── \d - Denotes a digit (equal to [0-9])
# │   └── {1,2}- Denotes the above expression for 1 or 2 times
# ├── [a-zA-z]{3,}
# │   ├── a-z - Denotes a single character in the range of a and z
# │   ├── A-Z - Denotes a single character in the range of A and Z
# │   └── {3,} - Denotes the above expression for 3 or unlimited times
# ├── [.]{0,3}
# │   ├── [.] - Denotes a '.' character
# │   └── {0,3} - Denotes the above expression for 0 up to 3 times
# └── $
#     └── Denotes the end of the line

# Example: 0aAa.
# Example: 3threeormorealphabets.

print(str(bool(re.search(regex_pattern, input()))).lower())

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import hashlib
from typing import Tuple

import requests


class PasswordPwnedSearch:
    def __init__(self, password_typed: str) -> None:
        self.password_hashed = self.__hash_password(password_typed)

    def __hash_password(self, password_typed: str) -> str:
        return hashlib.sha1(password_typed.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest().upper()

    def __divide_hashed_password(self, hashed_password: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
        return hashed_password[:5], hashed_password[5:]

    def __pwned_api(self, hashed_password_head: str):
        response = requests.get(
            f"https://api.pwnedpasswords.com/range/{hashed_password_head}"
        )
        return response

    def verify(self) -> Tuple[str, int]:
        head, tail = self.__divide_hashed_password(self.password_hashed)
        response = self.__pwned_api(head)

        if not response.ok:
            raise RuntimeError("Error: {}".format(response.status_code))

        hashes = (line.split(":") for line in response.text.splitlines())
        count = next((int(count) for t, count in hashes if t == tail), 0)
        return self.password_hashed, count

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  B) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  C) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  D) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  E) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import hashlib
from typing import Tuple

import requests


class PasswordPwnedSearch:
    def __init__(self, password_typed: str) -> None:
        self.password_hashed = self.__hash_password(password_typed)

    def __hash_password(self, password_typed: str) -> str:
        return hashlib.sha1(password_typed.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest().upper()

    def __divide_hashed_password(self, hashed_password: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
        return hashed_password[:5], hashed_password[5:]

    def __pwned_api(self, hashed_password_head: str):
        response = requests.get(
            f"https://api.pwnedpasswords.com/range/{hashed_password_head}"
        )
        return response

    def verify(self) -> Tuple[str, int]:
        head, tail = self.__divide_hashed_password(self.password_hashed)
        response = self.__pwned_api(head)

        if not response.ok:
            raise RuntimeError("Error: {}".format(response.status_code))

        hashes = (line.split(":") for line in response.text.splitlines())
        count = next((int(count) for t, count in hashes if t == tail), 0)
        return self.password_hashed, count

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) verify
  B) __init__
  C) PasswordPwnedSearch
  D) __hash_password
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import hashlib
from typing import Tuple

import requests


class PasswordPwnedSearch:
    def __init__(self, password_typed: str) -> None:
        self.password_hashed = self.__hash_password(password_typed)

    def __hash_password(self, password_typed: str) -> str:
        return hashlib.sha1(password_typed.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest().upper()

    def __divide_hashed_password(self, hashed_password: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
        return hashed_password[:5], hashed_password[5:]

    def __pwned_api(self, hashed_password_head: str):
        response = requests.get(
            f"https://api.pwnedpasswords.com/range/{hashed_password_head}"
        )
        return response

    def verify(self) -> Tuple[str, int]:
        head, tail = self.__divide_hashed_password(self.password_hashed)
        response = self.__pwned_api(head)

        if not response.ok:
            raise RuntimeError("Error: {}".format(response.status_code))

        hashes = (line.split(":") for line in response.text.splitlines())
        count = next((int(count) for t, count in hashes if t == tail), 0)
        return self.password_hashed, count

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: __hash_password
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Python wrapper for 'aws configure'
from pathlib import Path
import os
import config


def createcredentialsfile(accesskey, secretkey):
    """Creates a credentials file"""
    filename = str(Path.home()) + "/.aws/credentials"

    if os.path.exists(filename):
        f = open(filename, "r")

        # Check to see if config contains pyaws profile
        filedata = f.readlines()

        for line in filedata:
            if config.profilename in line:
                return

    f = open(filename, "a+")

    f.write("[" + config.profilename + "]" + "\n")
    f.write("aws_access_key_id = " + accesskey + "\n")
    f.write("aws_secret_access_key = " + secretkey)
    f.close()


def createconfigfile(region):
    """Create a config file"""
    filename = str(Path.home()) + "/.aws/config"

    if os.path.exists(filename):
        f = open(filename, "r")

        # Check to see if config contains pyaws profile
        filedata = f.readlines()

        for line in filedata:
            if config.profilename in line:
                return

    f = open(filename, "a+")

    f.write("[profile " + config.profilename + "]" + "\n")
    f.write("region = " + region)
    f.close()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  B) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  F) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Human readable duration format
import re


def format_duration_unit(seconds):
	print(seconds)

	if seconds < 60:
		if seconds == 0:
			return "now"
		elif seconds == 1:
			return "1 second"
		else:
			return "{} seconds".format(seconds)
	elif seconds >= 60 and seconds < 3600:
		mins = seconds // 60
		if mins == 1:
			return "{} minute {}".format(mins, format_duration_unit(seconds % 60))
		else:
			return "{} minutes {}".format(mins, format_duration_unit(seconds % 60))
	elif seconds >= 3600 and seconds < 60*60*24:
		hours = seconds // 3600
		if hours == 1:
			return "{} hour {}".format(hours, format_duration_unit(seconds % 3600))
		else:
			return "{} hours {}".format(hours, format_duration_unit(seconds % 3600))
	elif seconds >= 3600*24 and seconds < 3600*24*365:
		days = seconds // (3600*24)
		if days == 1:
			return "{} day {}".format(days, format_duration_unit(seconds % (3600*24)))
		else:
			return "{} days {}".format(days, format_duration_unit(seconds % (3600*24)))
	elif seconds >= 3600*24*365:
		years = seconds // (3600*24*365)
		if years == 1:
			return "{} year {}".format(years, format_duration_unit(seconds % (3600*24*365)))
		else:
			return "{} years {}".format(years, format_duration_unit(seconds % (3600*24*365)))

def format_duration(seconds):
	print(seconds)
	s = format_duration_unit(seconds)
	print(s)
	slst = re.findall(r'[\d]+[\s][A-z]+|now', s)
	print(slst)

	# eliminate zero if unnecessary.
	if len(slst) > 1:
		slst = slst[:len(slst)-1] if slst.count("now") > 0 else slst

	if len(slst) > 2:
		return ', '.join(slst[:len(slst)-1]) + " and " + slst[-1]
	elif len(slst) == 2:
		return slst[0] + " and " + slst[1]
	else:
		return slst[0]


print(format_duration(15731080))
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  B) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  C) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  D) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  E) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  F) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Human readable duration format
import re


def format_duration_unit(seconds):
	print(seconds)

	if seconds < 60:
		if seconds == 0:
			return "now"
		elif seconds == 1:
			return "1 second"
		else:
			return "{} seconds".format(seconds)
	elif seconds >= 60 and seconds < 3600:
		mins = seconds // 60
		if mins == 1:
			return "{} minute {}".format(mins, format_duration_unit(seconds % 60))
		else:
			return "{} minutes {}".format(mins, format_duration_unit(seconds % 60))
	elif seconds >= 3600 and seconds < 60*60*24:
		hours = seconds // 3600
		if hours == 1:
			return "{} hour {}".format(hours, format_duration_unit(seconds % 3600))
		else:
			return "{} hours {}".format(hours, format_duration_unit(seconds % 3600))
	elif seconds >= 3600*24 and seconds < 3600*24*365:
		days = seconds // (3600*24)
		if days == 1:
			return "{} day {}".format(days, format_duration_unit(seconds % (3600*24)))
		else:
			return "{} days {}".format(days, format_duration_unit(seconds % (3600*24)))
	elif seconds >= 3600*24*365:
		years = seconds // (3600*24*365)
		if years == 1:
			return "{} year {}".format(years, format_duration_unit(seconds % (3600*24*365)))
		else:
			return "{} years {}".format(years, format_duration_unit(seconds % (3600*24*365)))

def format_duration(seconds):
	print(seconds)
	s = format_duration_unit(seconds)
	print(s)
	slst = re.findall(r'[\d]+[\s][A-z]+|now', s)
	print(slst)

	# eliminate zero if unnecessary.
	if len(slst) > 1:
		slst = slst[:len(slst)-1] if slst.count("now") > 0 else slst

	if len(slst) > 2:
		return ', '.join(slst[:len(slst)-1]) + " and " + slst[-1]
	elif len(slst) == 2:
		return slst[0] + " and " + slst[1]
	else:
		return slst[0]


print(format_duration(15731080))
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) format_duration
  B) format_duration_unit
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import importlib
paramiko_found = importlib.find_loader("paramiko")
scp_found = importlib.find_loader("scp")

if paramiko_found != None and scp_found != None:
	import os
	import paramiko
	from scp import SCPClient
	from Components.status_bar import StatusBar

	class ScpConnect:

		def __init__(self):
			pass

		def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
			self.end_connection()

		def end_connection(self):
			self.ssh.close()
			self.scp_conn.close()
			os.remove(self.buffer_file)

		def connect(self, tab_id, server, port, user, password):
			try:
				self.buffer_file = "buffer"+tab_id+".txt"
				self.ssh = self.createSSHClient(server, port, user, password)
				self.scp_conn = SCPClient(self.ssh.get_transport())
				f= open(self.buffer_file,"w+")
				f.close()
				return True
			except:
				StatusBar().set("aborted - external connection error")
				return False

		def createSSHClient(self, server, port, user, password):
		    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
		    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
		    client.connect(server, username=user, password=password, timeout=5)
		    return client

		def get_text(self, path):
			""" Gets a file from the remote server
			    Arguments:
			    - path: Source file in the remote server.
			"""
			try:
				self.scp_conn.get(path, self.buffer_file)
				f = open(self.buffer_file, 'r')
				f2 = f.read()
				f.close()
				return f2
			except:
				StatusBar().set("aborted - invalid path: %s" %(path))
				return "invalid path: %s" %(path)
		
		def reset_ext_buffer(self, path):
			self.ssh.exec_command('echo "" > ' + path)
else:
	class ScpConnect:

		def __init__(self):
			pass

		def connect(self, server, port, user, passwor):
			StatusBar().set("external sync- ssh and scp libs not intalled")

		def get_text(self, path):
			StatusBar().set("external sync - ssh and scp libs not intalled")

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) reset_ext_buffer
  B) connect
  C) createSSHClient
  D) get_text
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import importlib
paramiko_found = importlib.find_loader("paramiko")
scp_found = importlib.find_loader("scp")

if paramiko_found != None and scp_found != None:
	import os
	import paramiko
	from scp import SCPClient
	from Components.status_bar import StatusBar

	class ScpConnect:

		def __init__(self):
			pass

		def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
			self.end_connection()

		def end_connection(self):
			self.ssh.close()
			self.scp_conn.close()
			os.remove(self.buffer_file)

		def connect(self, tab_id, server, port, user, password):
			try:
				self.buffer_file = "buffer"+tab_id+".txt"
				self.ssh = self.createSSHClient(server, port, user, password)
				self.scp_conn = SCPClient(self.ssh.get_transport())
				f= open(self.buffer_file,"w+")
				f.close()
				return True
			except:
				StatusBar().set("aborted - external connection error")
				return False

		def createSSHClient(self, server, port, user, password):
		    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
		    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
		    client.connect(server, username=user, password=password, timeout=5)
		    return client

		def get_text(self, path):
			""" Gets a file from the remote server
			    Arguments:
			    - path: Source file in the remote server.
			"""
			try:
				self.scp_conn.get(path, self.buffer_file)
				f = open(self.buffer_file, 'r')
				f2 = f.read()
				f.close()
				return f2
			except:
				StatusBar().set("aborted - invalid path: %s" %(path))
				return "invalid path: %s" %(path)
		
		def reset_ext_buffer(self, path):
			self.ssh.exec_command('echo "" > ' + path)
else:
	class ScpConnect:

		def __init__(self):
			pass

		def connect(self, server, port, user, passwor):
			StatusBar().set("external sync- ssh and scp libs not intalled")

		def get_text(self, path):
			StatusBar().set("external sync - ssh and scp libs not intalled")

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: createSSHClient
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask,session, request, flash, url_for, redirect, render_template, abort ,g
from flask.ext.login import login_user , logout_user , current_user , login_required
 
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

db = SQLAlchemy()


app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'secret_key'

from flask.ext.login import LoginManager
 
login_manager = LoginManager()
login_manager.init_app(app)

login_manager.login_view = 'login'


class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "users"
    id = db.Column('user_id',db.Integer , primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column('username', db.String(20), unique=True , index=True)
    password = db.Column('password' , db.String(10))
    email = db.Column('email',db.String(50),unique=True , index=True)
    registered_on = db.Column('registered_on' , db.DateTime)
 
    def __init__(self , username ,password , email):
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.email = email
        self.registered_on = datetime.utcnow()
  
    def is_authenticated(self):
        return True

    def is_active(self):
        return True

    def is_anonymous(self):
        return False

    def get_id(self):
        return unicode(self.id)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User %r>' % (self.username)      
        
@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(id):
    return User.query.get(int(id))
    
    
@app.route('/register' , methods=['GET','POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('register.html')
    user = User(request.form['username'] , request.form['password'],request.form['email'])
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    flash('User successfully registered')
    return redirect(url_for('login'))
 

 
@app.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('login.html')
    username = request.form['username']
    password = request.form['password']
    registered_user = User.query.filter_by(username=username,password=password).first()
    if registered_user is None:
        flash('Username or Password is invalid' , 'error')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    login_user(registered_user)
    flash('Logged in successfully')
    return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('index'))

@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('index')) 
    
@app.route('/private', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def priv():    
    return "PRIVATE"
    
@app.before_request
def before_request():
    g.user = current_user


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login