OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import logging

from jinja2 import FileSystemLoader, Environment
from dop import definitions


def log(msg, info=False):
    if info:
        logging.info(msg)
    else:
        logging.debug(msg)
    return ""


def raise_error(error):
    raise RuntimeError(error)


class RunnerEnvironment:
    def __init__(self, runner):
        if runner not in definitions.SUPPORTED_TRANSFORMATION_RUNNERS:
            raise NotImplementedError(
                f'Transformation Runner "{runner}" is not supported'
            )

        self._runner = runner

    def _get_runner_template_paths(self):
        common_template_path = os.path.join(
            definitions.ROOT_DIR,
            "component",
            "transformation",
            "common",
            "templating",
            "template",
        )

        runner_base_path = os.path.join(
            definitions.ROOT_DIR,
            "component",
            "transformation",
            "runner",
            self._runner,
            "template",
            "macro",
        )

        if not os.path.isdir(runner_base_path):
            raise RuntimeError(f"Path `{runner_base_path}` does not exist")

        if not os.path.isdir(common_template_path):
            raise RuntimeError(f"Path `{common_template_path}` does not exist")

        return [common_template_path, runner_base_path]

    def get_env(self):
        template_loader = FileSystemLoader(self._get_runner_template_paths())
        runner_env = Environment(loader=template_loader, extensions=["jinja2.ext.do"])

        runner_env.globals["log"] = log
        runner_env.globals["raise"] = raise_error

        return runner_env


def get_runner_environment(runner):
    return RunnerEnvironment(runner=runner).get_env()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) _get_runner_template_paths
  B) get_runner_environment
  C) get_env
  D) raise_error
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import logging

from flask import Blueprint, request

import chronicler

process = Blueprint('process', __name__)

@process.route('', methods=['POST'])
def processes():
  try:
    details = request.get_json()
    if not details:
      raise Exception("No data")
    process = chronicler.add_process(details)
    return json.dumps(process.dict())
  except Exception as e:
    logging.exception(e)
    return json.dumps({'error': str(e)}), 400

@process.route('/<string:id>', methods=['GET', 'DELETE'])
def __process(id):
  try:
    if request.method == 'GET':
      return json.dumps(chronicler.process().processes[id].dict())
    if request.method == 'DELETE':
      chronicler.process().processes.pop(id)
      return "", 200
  except KeyError as e:
    return (json.dumps({'error': 'Process {0} does not exist'.format(id)}), 404)
  except Exception as e:
    logging.exception(e)
    return json.dumps({'error': str(e)}), 400

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) __process
  B) processes
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import logging

from flask import Blueprint, request

import chronicler

process = Blueprint('process', __name__)

@process.route('', methods=['POST'])
def processes():
  try:
    details = request.get_json()
    if not details:
      raise Exception("No data")
    process = chronicler.add_process(details)
    return json.dumps(process.dict())
  except Exception as e:
    logging.exception(e)
    return json.dumps({'error': str(e)}), 400

@process.route('/<string:id>', methods=['GET', 'DELETE'])
def __process(id):
  try:
    if request.method == 'GET':
      return json.dumps(chronicler.process().processes[id].dict())
    if request.method == 'DELETE':
      chronicler.process().processes.pop(id)
      return "", 200
  except KeyError as e:
    return (json.dumps({'error': 'Process {0} does not exist'.format(id)}), 404)
  except Exception as e:
    logging.exception(e)
    return json.dumps({'error': str(e)}), 400

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: __process
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import logging
import os
import paramiko
import six

from oslo_concurrency import processutils

DEFAULT_PKFILE = os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/id_rsa')
DEFAULT_KHFILE = os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts')

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class SSHClient(object):
    def __init__(self, hostip, user='ubuntu', pwd="",
                 pkfile=DEFAULT_PKFILE, khfile=DEFAULT_KHFILE):
        try:
            self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
            self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
            self.ssh.load_host_keys(khfile)

            try:
                privatekey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pkfile)
            except IOError:
                LOG.error('No private key found in: %s!! Please generate one with'
                          'ssh-keygen.', pkfile)
                exit(1)

            self.ssh.connect(hostip, username=user, password=pwd,
                             pkey=privatekey)
        except paramiko.SSHException as e:
            LOG.error("Can't connect to host %s. Please check if you have "
                      "properly exported your public keys.", hostip)
            LOG.error("%s", six.text_type(e.message))
            exit(1)

    def run(self, cmd, check_exit_status=True):

        stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream = self.ssh.exec_command(cmd)
        stdout = stdout_stream.read()
        stderr = stderr_stream.read()
        channel = stdout_stream.channel
        stdin_stream.close()

        exit_status = channel.recv_exit_status()
        if check_exit_status and exit_status != -1 and exit_status != 0:
            raise processutils.ProcessExecutionError(exit_code=exit_status,
                                                     stdout=stdout,
                                                     stderr=stderr,
                                                     cmd=cmd)

        return stdout, stderr

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  B) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  C) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  D) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  E) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  F) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import logging
import os
import paramiko
import six

from oslo_concurrency import processutils

DEFAULT_PKFILE = os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/id_rsa')
DEFAULT_KHFILE = os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts')

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class SSHClient(object):
    def __init__(self, hostip, user='ubuntu', pwd="",
                 pkfile=DEFAULT_PKFILE, khfile=DEFAULT_KHFILE):
        try:
            self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
            self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
            self.ssh.load_host_keys(khfile)

            try:
                privatekey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pkfile)
            except IOError:
                LOG.error('No private key found in: %s!! Please generate one with'
                          'ssh-keygen.', pkfile)
                exit(1)

            self.ssh.connect(hostip, username=user, password=pwd,
                             pkey=privatekey)
        except paramiko.SSHException as e:
            LOG.error("Can't connect to host %s. Please check if you have "
                      "properly exported your public keys.", hostip)
            LOG.error("%s", six.text_type(e.message))
            exit(1)

    def run(self, cmd, check_exit_status=True):

        stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream = self.ssh.exec_command(cmd)
        stdout = stdout_stream.read()
        stderr = stderr_stream.read()
        channel = stdout_stream.channel
        stdin_stream.close()

        exit_status = channel.recv_exit_status()
        if check_exit_status and exit_status != -1 and exit_status != 0:
            raise processutils.ProcessExecutionError(exit_code=exit_status,
                                                     stdout=stdout,
                                                     stderr=stderr,
                                                     cmd=cmd)

        return stdout, stderr

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) SSHClient
  B) __init__
  C) run
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request
from flask_restful import Resource, Api
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from json import dumps

base = create_engine('sqlite:///Weather.db')

app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)


class AllDates(Resource):

    def get(self, sensor):
        """
        :param sensor:
        :return: json object with all dates from DB
        """
        conn = base.connect()
        query = conn.execute("SELECT timestamp FROM '{table}'".format(table=sensor))
        return {'dates': [i[0] for i in query.cursor.fetchall()]}


class Sensors(Resource):

    def get(self, sensor, time1, time2, limit):
        """

        :param sensor:
        :param time1:
        :param time2:
        :param limit:
        :return: json object with values from choosen sensor and choosen time
        """
        conn = base.connect()
        query = conn.execute(" SELECT * FROM ' {table} ' WHERE (timestamp >= ' {start} '\
                              and timestamp <= ' {end} ') ORDER BY timestamp DESC Limit ' {lim} '"\
                              .format(table=sensor, start=time1, end=time2,lim=limit))
        result = {sensor: [dict(zip(tuple(query.keys()), i)) for i in query.cursor]}
        return result

api.add_resource(Sensors, '/Sensors/<sensor>/<time1>/<time2>/<limit>')
api.add_resource(All_Dates, '/All_Dates/<sensor>')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  B) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  D) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  E) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from datetime import datetime as dt
from os import path, system

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, request
from flask_paginate import Pagination, get_page_parameter
from pandas import read_csv

from db.connection import Database
from log_generator import RegisterLogs

app_web = Blueprint(
    'app_web', __name__, url_prefix='/web/', template_folder='templates'
)

prize_allowed = ['megasena', 'lotofacil', 'quina']
now = dt.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')

db = Database()
logger = RegisterLogs()


@app_web.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('lotteries_caixa/index.html')


@app_web.route('/result/<prize>/')
def view(prize):

    if prize in prize_allowed and path.exists(
        f'lake/{prize}/{now}/tratado.csv'
    ):

        PAGE_SIZE = 250
        csv = read_csv(f'lake/{prize}/{now}/tratado.csv')

        csv.sort_values(by=['concurso'], inplace=True, ascending=False)

        csv = csv[csv['cidade'].notna()]
        csv = csv[csv['uf'].notna()]

        page = request.args.get(get_page_parameter(), type=int, default=1)

        row_data = csv[
            (page - 1) * PAGE_SIZE : page * PAGE_SIZE
        ].values.tolist()

        pagination = Pagination(
            page=page,
            total=len(csv),
            per_page=PAGE_SIZE,
            css_framework='bootstrap4',
        )

        return render_template(
            'lotteries_caixa/view.html',
            title=prize,
            headers=csv.columns.values,
            row_data=row_data,
            pagination=pagination,
        )
    return render_template(
        'lotteries_caixa/index.html',
        message=f'Not Found {prize.upper()} element!'
        f' Click in the button "Atualizar Dados"',
        color='danger',
    )


@app_web.route('/update/all/')
def update_csv():

    for prize in prize_allowed:
        system(f'python download.py {prize}')

        logger.debug_register(f'Successfully created {prize} file!')

        logger.debug_register(
            f'Reading lake/{prize}/{now}/tratado.csv file...'
        )
        csv = read_csv(f'lake/{prize}/{now}/tratado.csv')
        csv = csv.astype(str)  # Transform rows on string.

        payload = csv.to_dict('records')

        db.drop(prize)  # Drop prize collection.
        db.insert(prize, payload)

        logger.debug_register(f'{prize} saved successfully.')

    return render_template(
        'lotteries_caixa/index.html',
        message='Dados atualizados com sucesso',
        color='success',
    )

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) view
  B) update_csv
  C) index
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from datetime import datetime as dt
from os import path, system

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, request
from flask_paginate import Pagination, get_page_parameter
from pandas import read_csv

from db.connection import Database
from log_generator import RegisterLogs

app_web = Blueprint(
    'app_web', __name__, url_prefix='/web/', template_folder='templates'
)

prize_allowed = ['megasena', 'lotofacil', 'quina']
now = dt.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')

db = Database()
logger = RegisterLogs()


@app_web.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('lotteries_caixa/index.html')


@app_web.route('/result/<prize>/')
def view(prize):

    if prize in prize_allowed and path.exists(
        f'lake/{prize}/{now}/tratado.csv'
    ):

        PAGE_SIZE = 250
        csv = read_csv(f'lake/{prize}/{now}/tratado.csv')

        csv.sort_values(by=['concurso'], inplace=True, ascending=False)

        csv = csv[csv['cidade'].notna()]
        csv = csv[csv['uf'].notna()]

        page = request.args.get(get_page_parameter(), type=int, default=1)

        row_data = csv[
            (page - 1) * PAGE_SIZE : page * PAGE_SIZE
        ].values.tolist()

        pagination = Pagination(
            page=page,
            total=len(csv),
            per_page=PAGE_SIZE,
            css_framework='bootstrap4',
        )

        return render_template(
            'lotteries_caixa/view.html',
            title=prize,
            headers=csv.columns.values,
            row_data=row_data,
            pagination=pagination,
        )
    return render_template(
        'lotteries_caixa/index.html',
        message=f'Not Found {prize.upper()} element!'
        f' Click in the button "Atualizar Dados"',
        color='danger',
    )


@app_web.route('/update/all/')
def update_csv():

    for prize in prize_allowed:
        system(f'python download.py {prize}')

        logger.debug_register(f'Successfully created {prize} file!')

        logger.debug_register(
            f'Reading lake/{prize}/{now}/tratado.csv file...'
        )
        csv = read_csv(f'lake/{prize}/{now}/tratado.csv')
        csv = csv.astype(str)  # Transform rows on string.

        payload = csv.to_dict('records')

        db.drop(prize)  # Drop prize collection.
        db.insert(prize, payload)

        logger.debug_register(f'{prize} saved successfully.')

    return render_template(
        'lotteries_caixa/index.html',
        message='Dados atualizados com sucesso',
        color='success',
    )

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: view
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import requests
import base64
import re
from levels_credentials import credentials, folder

level_url = credentials[7]["url"]
level_username = credentials[7]["level"]
level_password = credentials[7]["password"]

next_level_url = credentials[8]["url"]
next_level_username = credentials[8]["level"]

credentials = "%s:%s" % (level_username, level_password)
auth_creds = base64.b64encode(credentials.encode("ascii"))
heads = {"Authorization": "Basic %s" % auth_creds.decode("ascii"), "Referer": next_level_url}

include_folder = "../" * 7 + ".." + folder + next_level_username
request_url = level_url + "index.php?page=" + include_folder
response = requests.get(request_url, headers=heads)

data = response.text
strings = re.split('\n|:|\s|<|>', data)
next_password = strings[strings.index(next_level_username) - 9] 

print(next_password)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  B) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  C) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  D) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
################## flask api callback ##################
#
# This is a very basic API callback handler using flask
#
# It will receive a message and print it to stdout
#
# written by Jeremy Eglen
# license: Apache version 2.0
# Created: November 26, 2019
# Last Modified: November 26, 2019

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

import sys
import time
import logging

MYDEBUG=False

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/hello')
def hello():
    return 'This endpoint expects a POST'

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def printRequest():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return hello()
    else:
        content = request.get_json()
        print(content)
        app.logger.info("{}::{}".format(request.remote_addr,content))
        return 'OK'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host= '0.0.0.0',debug=MYDEBUG)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability?

  A) hello
  B) printRequest
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
################## flask api callback ##################
#
# This is a very basic API callback handler using flask
#
# It will receive a message and print it to stdout
#
# written by Jeremy Eglen
# license: Apache version 2.0
# Created: November 26, 2019
# Last Modified: November 26, 2019

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

import sys
import time
import logging

MYDEBUG=False

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/hello')
def hello():
    return 'This endpoint expects a POST'

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def printRequest():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return hello()
    else:
        content = request.get_json()
        print(content)
        app.logger.info("{}::{}".format(request.remote_addr,content))
        return 'OK'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host= '0.0.0.0',debug=MYDEBUG)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability.
Answer: printRequest
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

import re
import tornado.httpserver
from tornado import web


class MainHandler(web.RequestHandler):
    def prepare(self):
        if self.request.protocol == "http":
            redirect_to = re.sub(r'^([^:]+)', 'https', self.request.full_url())
            self.redirect(redirect_to, permanent=True)

    def get(self):
        self.write("Redirecting to HTTPS...")

application = web.Application([
    (r'/.*', MainHandler),
])

http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(application)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    http_server.listen(8080)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  B) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  C) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  D) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  E) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  F) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Download the Python helper library from twilio.com/docs/python/install
from twilio.rest import Client

# Your Account Sid and Auth Token from twilio.com/user/account
account_sid = "ACXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
auth_token = "your_auth_token"
client = Client(account_sid, auth_token)

# In the case you want to transfer numbers between subaccounts, you need to
# know three things - the account SID of the phone number's current owner,
# the account SID of the account you'd like to transfer the number to, and
# the SID of the phone number you'd like to transfer
current_owner_sid = "ACyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
new_owner_sid = "ACzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
number_sid = "PNyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"

number = client.api.accounts(current_owner_sid) \
               .incoming_phone_numbers(number_sid) \
               .update(account_sid=new_owner_sid)

print(number.phone_number)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  B) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  C) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  E) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  F) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
# coding: UTF-8
#https://github.com/iceshijie/PocTools/edit/master/urlTest.py
#url连通性测试

import requests

import sys
import ssl
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)


header = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:66.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/66.0",
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Content-Type": "text/xml"
}

def check(url):

    try:
        
        req = requests.post(url,headers=header,verify=False,timeout=5)
        if req.status_code == 200:
            #print("[-] OK",url)
            status = url + " [-] ok"
            return status

        else:
            status = url + " [-] " + str(req.status_code)
            #print("[-] ",req.status_code)
            return status
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout:
        #print("[-] connect timeout")
        status = url + "  [-] connect timeout"
        return status 
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
        #print("[-] connect error")
        status = url + "  [-] connect error"
        return status
def urlHttpSDecide(http):
    if http[0:5] == "https":
        return http
    elif http[0:4] =="http":
        return http
    else:
        http = "http://" + http
        return http
 

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with open('urls.txt', 'r') as f:
        for i in f:
            ip = i.strip()
            url = urlHttpSDecide(ip)
            #print(url)
            aa =  check(url)
            with open('jieguo.txt','a') as f:
                f.write(aa + '\n')
		
	
	

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: check
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, abort
import os
import requests

app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = os.getenv('DEBUG', '') == 'True'

def access_token():
  return os.getenv('ACCESS_TOKEN', '')

def check_user_id(user_id):
  if user_id not in os.getenv('USER_IDS', ''):
    return abort(403)

def check_user_name(user_name):
  if user_name not in os.getenv('USER_NAMES', ''):
    return abort(403)

def perform_request(path):
  r = requests.get(path)
  response = jsonify(r.json(), status=202)
  response.headers.add('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
  return response

def build_recent_images_url(user_id):
  return 'https://api.instagram.com/v1/users/' + user_id + '/media/recent/?access_token=' + access_token()

def build_user_profile_url(user_id):
  return 'https://api.instagram.com/v1/users/' + user_id + '?access_token=' + access_token()

def build_media_url(user_name):
  return 'https://www.instagram.com/' + user_name + '/media/'

@app.route("/recent_images/<path:user_id>")
def recent_images(user_id):
  check_user_id(user_id)
  return perform_request(build_recent_images_url(user_id))

@app.route("/user_profile/<path:user_id>")
def user_profile(user_id):
  check_user_id(user_id)
  return perform_request(build_user_profile_url(user_id))

@app.route("/media/<path:user_name>")
def media(user_name):
  check_user_name(user_name)
  return perform_request(build_media_url(user_name))

@app.route('/healthcheck')
def healthcheck():
    return 'WORKING'

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  B) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  C) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  D) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  E) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, abort
import os
import requests

app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = os.getenv('DEBUG', '') == 'True'

def access_token():
  return os.getenv('ACCESS_TOKEN', '')

def check_user_id(user_id):
  if user_id not in os.getenv('USER_IDS', ''):
    return abort(403)

def check_user_name(user_name):
  if user_name not in os.getenv('USER_NAMES', ''):
    return abort(403)

def perform_request(path):
  r = requests.get(path)
  response = jsonify(r.json(), status=202)
  response.headers.add('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
  return response

def build_recent_images_url(user_id):
  return 'https://api.instagram.com/v1/users/' + user_id + '/media/recent/?access_token=' + access_token()

def build_user_profile_url(user_id):
  return 'https://api.instagram.com/v1/users/' + user_id + '?access_token=' + access_token()

def build_media_url(user_name):
  return 'https://www.instagram.com/' + user_name + '/media/'

@app.route("/recent_images/<path:user_id>")
def recent_images(user_id):
  check_user_id(user_id)
  return perform_request(build_recent_images_url(user_id))

@app.route("/user_profile/<path:user_id>")
def user_profile(user_id):
  check_user_id(user_id)
  return perform_request(build_user_profile_url(user_id))

@app.route("/media/<path:user_name>")
def media(user_name):
  check_user_name(user_name)
  return perform_request(build_media_url(user_name))

@app.route('/healthcheck')
def healthcheck():
    return 'WORKING'

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability?

  A) build_media_url
  B) perform_request
  C) healthcheck
  D) media
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, abort
import os
import requests

app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = os.getenv('DEBUG', '') == 'True'

def access_token():
  return os.getenv('ACCESS_TOKEN', '')

def check_user_id(user_id):
  if user_id not in os.getenv('USER_IDS', ''):
    return abort(403)

def check_user_name(user_name):
  if user_name not in os.getenv('USER_NAMES', ''):
    return abort(403)

def perform_request(path):
  r = requests.get(path)
  response = jsonify(r.json(), status=202)
  response.headers.add('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
  return response

def build_recent_images_url(user_id):
  return 'https://api.instagram.com/v1/users/' + user_id + '/media/recent/?access_token=' + access_token()

def build_user_profile_url(user_id):
  return 'https://api.instagram.com/v1/users/' + user_id + '?access_token=' + access_token()

def build_media_url(user_name):
  return 'https://www.instagram.com/' + user_name + '/media/'

@app.route("/recent_images/<path:user_id>")
def recent_images(user_id):
  check_user_id(user_id)
  return perform_request(build_recent_images_url(user_id))

@app.route("/user_profile/<path:user_id>")
def user_profile(user_id):
  check_user_id(user_id)
  return perform_request(build_user_profile_url(user_id))

@app.route("/media/<path:user_name>")
def media(user_name):
  check_user_name(user_name)
  return perform_request(build_media_url(user_name))

@app.route('/healthcheck')
def healthcheck():
    return 'WORKING'

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: perform_request
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os

import paramiko


class SftpLoader:
    def __init__(self, server, username, password, port, directory):
        self.client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        self.client.connect(
            server,
            username=username,
            password=password,
            port=port
        )
        self.directory = directory

    def list_files(self):
        pass

    def put(self, src_file, dst_file):
        with self.client.open_sftp() as sftp:
            sftp.put(src_file, self.directory + '/' + dst_file)

    def get(self, src_file, dst_file):
        with self.client.open_sftp() as sftp:
            sftp.get(src_file, self.directory + '/' + dst_file)

    def get_last_backup_file(self):
        files = self.client.listdir()
        return files[-1]

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  D) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# encoding=utf-8
from jinja2 import Environment, PackageLoader
from utils import product_manager as pm
import sys


def make_pages (exp_dir):
    env = Environment(loader=PackageLoader('page', 'templates'))
    template = env.get_template('product/base.html')
    for page in pm.fetch_product_data():
        url = page['url']
        exp_path = exp_dir + '/' + url.split('/')[1] + ".html"
        with open(exp_path, 'w') as f:
            f.write(template.render(page).encode('utf-8'))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv)>1:
        make_pages(sys.argv[1])

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  B) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  C) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  D) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  E) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import subprocess
import os
import uuid

import paramiko


def handle_uploaded_file(f, user_id):
    file_path = "files/" + user_id + ".py"
    with open(file_path, "wb+") as destination:
        for chunk in f.chunks():
            destination.write(chunk)
    return file_path


def copy_file_to_remote_machine(filepath, user_id, username, hostname):
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(
        "/home/ubuntu/.ssh/id_rsa")
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    ssh.connect(hostname, username=username, pkey=key)
    ssh.exec_command(
        "mkdir files/" + user_id)
    subprocess.run(
        ["scp", filepath, username + "@" + hostname + ":" + "~/files/" + user_id + "/" + user_id + ".py"])
    os.remove(filepath)


def execute_file_on_remote_machine(user_id, runtime, username, hostname):
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(
        "/home/ubuntu/.ssh/id_rsa")
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    ssh.connect(hostname, username=username, pkey=key)
    command = "python3.8 programhandler.py " + runtime + \
        " " + "files/" + user_id + "/" + user_id + ".py"
    ssh_stdin, ssh_stdout, ssh_stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
    result = ""
    ssh.exec_command("./return_all_except.sh " + user_id)
    for line in iter(ssh_stdout.readline, ""):
        result += line
    # ssh.exec_command("./return_all_except.sh " + user_id)
    return result

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  F) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request

# you need to pip install flask-cors, or else you'll run into problems
from flask.ext.cors import CORS, cross_origin
import json
import math
import re
import urllib

app = Flask(__name__)
cors = CORS(app)
app.config['CORS_HEADERS'] = 'Content-Type'

import pandas as pd

usage = pd.read_table('data/usage_2012.tsv',
                      parse_dates=['time_start', 'time_end'])
dates = usage.time_start.dt.date
starts = usage.station_start
df = pd.DataFrame({'dates':dates, 'starts':starts})
by_date_by_stop = df.pivot_table(index='dates',
                                 columns='starts',
                                 aggfunc=len,
                                 fill_value=0)
station_names = by_date_by_stop.columns

@app.route('/stations/')
@app.route('/stations/<fragment>/')
@cross_origin()
def search(fragment=""):
    relevant_stations = [station
                         for station in station_names
                         if re.search(fragment, station, re.I)]
    return json.dumps(relevant_stations)

@app.route('/station/<path:station>/')
@cross_origin()
def detail(station):
    print station
    station = urllib.unquote(station)
    print station
    if station not in by_date_by_stop:
        return ""
    series = by_date_by_stop[station]
    xs = [str(date)[:10] for date in series.index]
    ys = list(series)
    return json.dumps({ "x" : xs, "y" : ys})

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service` vulnerability?

  A) search
  B) detail
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from jupyterhub.auth import Authenticator
from tornado import gen
import hashlib
import os


class PrivateKeyAuthenticator(Authenticator):
    @gen.coroutine
    def authenticate(self, handler, data):
        password_hashed = data['password']
        username = data['username']
        private_key = os.getenv('DATA_SCIENCE_ACCESS_KEY')

        # file_log = open("/var/log/authentication.log", "a")
        # file_log.write("****************************************\n")
        # file_log.write("Password hashed: " + str(password_hashed) + "\n")
        # file_log.write("username: " + str(username) + "\n")
        # file_log.write("private_key: " + str(private_key) + "\n")
        # file_log.write("****************************************\n")

        str2hash = str(username) + "-" + str(private_key)
        result = hashlib.md5(str2hash.encode())
        key_hash = result.hexdigest()

        # file_log.write("****************************************\n")
        # file_log.write("Key hashed: " + str(key_hash) + " == " + str(password_hashed) + "\n")
        # file_log.write("****************************************\n")
        # file_log.close()

        if key_hash == str(password_hashed):
            return data['username']
        else:
            return None

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) PrivateKeyAuthenticator
  B) authenticate
Answer: B