OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from functools import wraps
from flask import request, redirect


def is_secure():
    return (request.is_secure or
            request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-Proto') == 'https' or
            request.headers.get('HTTPS') == 'on')


def _ssl_req(fn, action=None):
    @wraps(fn)
    def decorated_view(*args, **kwargs):
        if is_secure():
            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            return action()

    return decorated_view


def ssl_require(fn):
    """
    SSL Required annotation
    """
    def require():
        return "SSL Required", 426

    return _ssl_req(fn, action=require)


def ssl_redirect(fn):
    """
    SSL Redirect annotation
    """
    def upgrade():
        return redirect(request.url.replace("http://", "https://"))

    return _ssl_req(fn, action=upgrade)


__all__ = ["ssl_require", "ssl_redirect", ]

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) _ssl_req
  B) ssl_require
  C) upgrade
  D) ssl_redirect
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
provide functions to get session token
"""


import requests
import logging
from streamr.util.constant import RestfullConstant


__all__ = ['get_session_token_by_api_key']


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def get_session_token_by_api_key(api_key):
    """
       func:
           Get a session token using the API key. NOTE: Auto-update every two hours.
       paras:
           api_key: the streamr API key (in string type)
       return:
           session_token in string type.(if success)
           None: (if failure)
    """
    url = RestfullConstant.GET_SESSION_ADDR
    paras = RestfullConstant.GET_SESSION_PARAS
    body = RestfullConstant.GET_SESSION_BODY % api_key
    logger.debug("The creating request url is: %s, the paras are: %s, the body is: %s" % (
        url, paras, body))
    try:
        req = requests.post(url, headers=paras, data=body, verify=True)
        if req.status_code == 200 or req.status_code == 201:
            logger.info("Get a Session Token successfully. %s" % req.json())
            session_token = req.json()[RestfullConstant.SESSION_TOKEN]
            return str(session_token)
        else:
            logger.error("Failed to get a session token. The Status code: %s" %
                         req.status_code)
            return None
    except requests.RequestException:
        import traceback
        logger.error("Failed to get a Session Token.")
        traceback.print_exc()
        return None

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  F) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import click
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


# the minimal Flask application
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return '<h1>Hello, World!</h1>'


# bind multiple URL for one view function
@app.route('/hi')
@app.route('/hello')
def say_hello():
    return '<h1>Hello, Flask!</h1>'


# dynamic route with URL variable default
@app.route('/greet', defaults={'name': 'Programmer'})
@app.route('/greet/<name>')
def greet(name):
    return f'<h1>Hello, {name}!</h1>'


# custom flask cli command
@app.cli.command()
def hello():
    """Just say hello."""
    click.echo('Hello, Human!')

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  F) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import click
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


# the minimal Flask application
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return '<h1>Hello, World!</h1>'


# bind multiple URL for one view function
@app.route('/hi')
@app.route('/hello')
def say_hello():
    return '<h1>Hello, Flask!</h1>'


# dynamic route with URL variable default
@app.route('/greet', defaults={'name': 'Programmer'})
@app.route('/greet/<name>')
def greet(name):
    return f'<h1>Hello, {name}!</h1>'


# custom flask cli command
@app.cli.command()
def hello():
    """Just say hello."""
    click.echo('Hello, Human!')

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) greet
  B) index
  C) hello
  D) say_hello
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import click
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


# the minimal Flask application
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return '<h1>Hello, World!</h1>'


# bind multiple URL for one view function
@app.route('/hi')
@app.route('/hello')
def say_hello():
    return '<h1>Hello, Flask!</h1>'


# dynamic route with URL variable default
@app.route('/greet', defaults={'name': 'Programmer'})
@app.route('/greet/<name>')
def greet(name):
    return f'<h1>Hello, {name}!</h1>'


# custom flask cli command
@app.cli.command()
def hello():
    """Just say hello."""
    click.echo('Hello, Human!')

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: greet
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
2c. Execute another HTTP GET request to retrieve all of the endpoints under the "/api/dcim" parent. 
Pretty print out the response.json() from this output. 
This should be a dictionary with the key being the next part of the URL after "/api/dcim" 
and the value being the full URL.
"""

import requests
from pprint import pprint

from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(category=InsecureRequestWarning)

if __name__=="__main__":

    url = "https://netbox.lasthop.io/api/dcim"

    http_headers = {}
    http_headers["accept"] = "application/json; version=2.4;"
    
    response = requests.get(url, headers=http_headers, verify=False)

    print("#" * 80)
    print("Printing the JSON response: ")
    print("#" * 80)
    pprint(response.json())


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  D) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  E) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  F) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from sklearn import datasets, svm
from PIL import Image
from numpy import array

import csv
from pprint import pformat
from io import BytesIO

from urllib.request import urlopen

mine = True
train = False

if mine:
    digits = []
    with open('numbers.csv', newline='') as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f)
        digits = list(reader)
    clf = svm.SVC(gamma=0.0001, C=100)
    x_digits = [digit[:-1] for digit in digits]
    y_digits = [digit[-1] for digit in digits]
    x, y = x_digits, y_digits
    clf.fit(x, y)
else:
    digits = datasets.load_digits()
    clf = svm.SVC(gamma=0.0001, C=100)
    x, y = digits.data[:], digits.target[:]
    clf.fit(x, y)

app = Flask(__name__)

def save_row(row):
    with open('numbers.csv', 'a') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(row)

def scale_num(x):
    num = ((16.0 - 0.0)*(float(x) - 0))/(255.0)
    return num

@app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
def get_four():
    data_url = request.form['data_url']
    img = Image.open(urlopen(data_url))
    img = img.resize((16, 16), Image.ANTIALIAS)
    arr = array(img)
    pixels = [scale_num(x[3]) for row in arr for x in row]
    if train:
        real_number = int(request.form['real_number'])
        pixels.append(real_number)
        save_row(pixels)
        return 'ok'
    # app.logger.info('NILES OK')
    # app.logger.info(pixels)
    # app.logger.info(real_number)
    # app.logger.info('NILES NILES: {}'.format(str(clf.predict([pixels]))))
    return clf.predict([pixels])[0]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: D,F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from sklearn import datasets, svm
from PIL import Image
from numpy import array

import csv
from pprint import pformat
from io import BytesIO

from urllib.request import urlopen

mine = True
train = False

if mine:
    digits = []
    with open('numbers.csv', newline='') as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f)
        digits = list(reader)
    clf = svm.SVC(gamma=0.0001, C=100)
    x_digits = [digit[:-1] for digit in digits]
    y_digits = [digit[-1] for digit in digits]
    x, y = x_digits, y_digits
    clf.fit(x, y)
else:
    digits = datasets.load_digits()
    clf = svm.SVC(gamma=0.0001, C=100)
    x, y = digits.data[:], digits.target[:]
    clf.fit(x, y)

app = Flask(__name__)

def save_row(row):
    with open('numbers.csv', 'a') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(row)

def scale_num(x):
    num = ((16.0 - 0.0)*(float(x) - 0))/(255.0)
    return num

@app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
def get_four():
    data_url = request.form['data_url']
    img = Image.open(urlopen(data_url))
    img = img.resize((16, 16), Image.ANTIALIAS)
    arr = array(img)
    pixels = [scale_num(x[3]) for row in arr for x in row]
    if train:
        real_number = int(request.form['real_number'])
        pixels.append(real_number)
        save_row(pixels)
        return 'ok'
    # app.logger.info('NILES OK')
    # app.logger.info(pixels)
    # app.logger.info(real_number)
    # app.logger.info('NILES NILES: {}'.format(str(clf.predict([pixels]))))
    return clf.predict([pixels])[0]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability?

  A) scale_num
  B) save_row
  C) get_four
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from sklearn import datasets, svm
from PIL import Image
from numpy import array

import csv
from pprint import pformat
from io import BytesIO

from urllib.request import urlopen

mine = True
train = False

if mine:
    digits = []
    with open('numbers.csv', newline='') as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f)
        digits = list(reader)
    clf = svm.SVC(gamma=0.0001, C=100)
    x_digits = [digit[:-1] for digit in digits]
    y_digits = [digit[-1] for digit in digits]
    x, y = x_digits, y_digits
    clf.fit(x, y)
else:
    digits = datasets.load_digits()
    clf = svm.SVC(gamma=0.0001, C=100)
    x, y = digits.data[:], digits.target[:]
    clf.fit(x, y)

app = Flask(__name__)

def save_row(row):
    with open('numbers.csv', 'a') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(row)

def scale_num(x):
    num = ((16.0 - 0.0)*(float(x) - 0))/(255.0)
    return num

@app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
def get_four():
    data_url = request.form['data_url']
    img = Image.open(urlopen(data_url))
    img = img.resize((16, 16), Image.ANTIALIAS)
    arr = array(img)
    pixels = [scale_num(x[3]) for row in arr for x in row]
    if train:
        real_number = int(request.form['real_number'])
        pixels.append(real_number)
        save_row(pixels)
        return 'ok'
    # app.logger.info('NILES OK')
    # app.logger.info(pixels)
    # app.logger.info(real_number)
    # app.logger.info('NILES NILES: {}'.format(str(clf.predict([pixels]))))
    return clf.predict([pixels])[0]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: get_four
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import sublime, sublime_plugin
import re
from sys import platform
from os import startfile
from subprocess import Popen

__version__ = "1.0.0"

zeroPad = lambda txt: txt[::-1]+"0"*(2-len(txt))
def getFmt(txt):
   """Determines the format of the color
   
   Arguments:
      txt {str} -- The text to determine
   """
   fmt = {}
   fmt["isHex"] = re.match("#?[0-f]{3,6}", txt) != None
   if(fmt["isHex"]): fmt["isHexMN"] = re.match("#?[0-f]{6}", txt) == None
   fmt["isRGB"] = re.match("rgb\([0-9]{1,3},\s?[0-9]{1,3},\s?[0-9]{1,3}\)", txt) != None
   fmt["isRGBA"] = re.match("rgba\([0-9]{1,3},\s?[0-9]{1,3},\s?[0-9]{1,3},\s?[.-9]*\)", txt) != None
   return fmt

def toHex(txt, fmt):
   """Converts the color to hex format
   
   [description]
   
   Arguments:
      txt {str} -- The raw color's text
      fmt {dict} -- The format of the color
   
   Returns:
      str -- The hex converted color
   """
   col = ""
   if(fmt["isHex"]):
      col = txt.replace("#", "")
      if(fmt["isHexMN"]): return "".join([s*2 for s in col])
      return col
   if(fmt["isRGB"] or fmt["isRGBA"]):
      rgb = re.sub("[^,0-9]", "", txt).split(",")
      rgb = [int(s) for s in rgb[:3]]

      for seg in rgb:
         h = str(hex(seg))[2:]
         col += zeroPad(h)
      
      return col

def openSite(url):
   """Opens the specified url

   Arguments:
      url {str} -- The URL of the webpage
   """
   if(platform == "win32"):
      startfile(url)

class ColorHexaSearch(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
   def run(self, edit):
      """Main code
      """
      sel = self.view.sel()[0]
      txt = self.view.substr(sel).lower()

      fmt = getFmt(txt)
      col = toHex(txt, fmt)
      url = "http://www.colorhexa.com/{}".format(col)
      openSite(url)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  D) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  E) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  F) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from jinja2 import Template

template = Template('Hello {{ name }}!')
p = template.render(name='John Doe')
print p



answers = [{
	'url':'google.com',
	'question':'Url for google'
},{
	'url':'google.com/q=',
	'question':'qQuery Url for google'
}]

template2 = Template('''
<ul>
	{% for answer in answers %}
 		<li><a href="{{ answer.url }}">{{ answer.question }}</a></li>
	{% endfor %}
</ul>
	''')

p2 = template2.render(answers=answers)

print p2

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  B) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  C) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  D) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  E) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import paramiko


def get_private_key():
    # or choose the location and the private key file on your client
    private_key_file = os.path.expanduser("/home/ubuntu/.ssh/id_rsa")
    return paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_file, password='')


def get_ssh(myusername, myhostname, myport):
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh.load_system_host_keys()
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    #ssh.connect(myhostname, username=myusername, port=myport, pkey = private_key)
    ssh.connect(myhostname, username=myusername, port=myport)
    return ssh

def block_exec(ssh, command):
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
    exit_status = stdout.channel.recv_exit_status()
    return

def clear_bw_config2(ssh, interface):
    block_exec(ssh, "sudo tc qdisc del dev %s root" % interface)
    block_exec(ssh, "sudo tc qdisc del dev %s ingress" % interface)
    block_exec(ssh, "sudo tc class del dev %s root" % interface)
    block_exec(ssh, "sudo tc filter del dev %s root" % interface)


def exec_bw_config2(ssh, interface, bandwidth, ip, subnetmasklength):
    clear_bw_config2(ssh, interface)
    # create a qdisc (queuing discipline), 12 is default class
    cmd1 = "sudo tc qdisc add dev %s root handle 1: htb default 12" % interface
    print cmd1
    block_exec(ssh, cmd1)

    # define the performance for default class
    cmd2 = "sudo tc class add dev %s parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate %dmbps ceil %dmbps" % (interface, bandwidth, bandwidth )
    print cmd2

    block_exec(ssh, cmd2)


    filter_cmd = "sudo tc filter add dev %s protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32 match ip dst %s/%d flowid 1:1" % (interface, ip, subnetmasklength)
    print filter_cmd
    block_exec(ssh, filter_cmd)

def main():
    myhosts = ["10.0.1.193",  "10.0.1.192", "10.0.1.191", "10.0.1.190"]
    username="ubuntu"
    port=22
    #key = ""get_private_key()
    for host in myhosts:
    	ssh = get_ssh(username, host, port)
	clear_bw_config2(ssh, "eth0")
	exec_bw_config2(ssh, "eth0", 128, "10.0.0.0", 8)

    # iterate over hosts here
    # for everyhost,
    # 1. create ssh connection
    # 2. run the exec_bw_config with params
    return

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) get_ssh
  B) block_exec
  C) clear_bw_config2
  D) main
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import paramiko


def get_private_key():
    # or choose the location and the private key file on your client
    private_key_file = os.path.expanduser("/home/ubuntu/.ssh/id_rsa")
    return paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_file, password='')


def get_ssh(myusername, myhostname, myport):
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh.load_system_host_keys()
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    #ssh.connect(myhostname, username=myusername, port=myport, pkey = private_key)
    ssh.connect(myhostname, username=myusername, port=myport)
    return ssh

def block_exec(ssh, command):
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
    exit_status = stdout.channel.recv_exit_status()
    return

def clear_bw_config2(ssh, interface):
    block_exec(ssh, "sudo tc qdisc del dev %s root" % interface)
    block_exec(ssh, "sudo tc qdisc del dev %s ingress" % interface)
    block_exec(ssh, "sudo tc class del dev %s root" % interface)
    block_exec(ssh, "sudo tc filter del dev %s root" % interface)


def exec_bw_config2(ssh, interface, bandwidth, ip, subnetmasklength):
    clear_bw_config2(ssh, interface)
    # create a qdisc (queuing discipline), 12 is default class
    cmd1 = "sudo tc qdisc add dev %s root handle 1: htb default 12" % interface
    print cmd1
    block_exec(ssh, cmd1)

    # define the performance for default class
    cmd2 = "sudo tc class add dev %s parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate %dmbps ceil %dmbps" % (interface, bandwidth, bandwidth )
    print cmd2

    block_exec(ssh, cmd2)


    filter_cmd = "sudo tc filter add dev %s protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32 match ip dst %s/%d flowid 1:1" % (interface, ip, subnetmasklength)
    print filter_cmd
    block_exec(ssh, filter_cmd)

def main():
    myhosts = ["10.0.1.193",  "10.0.1.192", "10.0.1.191", "10.0.1.190"]
    username="ubuntu"
    port=22
    #key = ""get_private_key()
    for host in myhosts:
    	ssh = get_ssh(username, host, port)
	clear_bw_config2(ssh, "eth0")
	exec_bw_config2(ssh, "eth0", 128, "10.0.0.0", 8)

    # iterate over hosts here
    # for everyhost,
    # 1. create ssh connection
    # 2. run the exec_bw_config with params
    return

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: get_ssh
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Utility functions to parse web page on konachan.com
"""
import re

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def parse_query_page(text):
    """
    Parses query page.

    It will parse all pictures on the page, and return their info in a dict. It
    is a alternative method compatible with new design of crawler.
    """
    parsed_text = BeautifulSoup(text, 'html5lib')
    posts = parsed_text.find(id='post-list-posts').find_all('li')
    parsed_posts = []
    for post in posts:
        parsed_post = {}

        # Parse ID and detail url
        detail_url = post.find(class_='plid').text[4:]  # Remove (#pl )
        id_parttern = re.compile(r'http://konachan.net/post/show/(?P<id>\d+)')
        id_ = id_parttern.search(detail_url).group('id')
        parsed_post['link'] = detail_url
        parsed_post['id'] = int(id_)

        # Parse score, tags and rating
        title_parttern = re.compile(
            r'Rating: (?P<rating>\w+) Score: (?P<score>\d+) '
            'Tags: (?P<tags>[a-zA-z0-9_ ]+) User:'
        )
        title = post.find('a', class_='thumb').find('img')['title']
        matched_text = title_parttern.search(title)
        parsed_post['score'] = int(matched_text.group('score'))
        parsed_post['rating'] = matched_text.group('rating')
        parsed_post['tags'] = [
            tag.replace('_', ' ')
            for tag in matched_text.group('tags').split(' ')
        ]
        parsed_posts.append(parsed_post)

    return parsed_posts


def parse_detail_page(detail_page_text):
    """
    Parses detail page of picture.


    """
    parsed_text = BeautifulSoup(detail_page_text, 'html5lib')
    download_links = []

    # Try to find png link
    png_parttern = re.compile(r'Download PNG')
    png_anchor = parsed_text.find('a', text=png_parttern)
    if png_anchor is not None:
        download_links.append({
            'type': 'png',
            'link': png_anchor['href']
        })

    # Try to find jpeg link
    jpeg_parttern = re.compile(r'Download larger version')
    jpeg_anchor = parsed_text.find('a', text=jpeg_parttern)
    if jpeg_anchor is not None:
        download_links.append({
            'type': 'jpeg',
            'link': jpeg_anchor['href']
        })

    return download_links

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) parse_detail_page
  B) parse_query_page
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Utility functions to parse web page on konachan.com
"""
import re

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def parse_query_page(text):
    """
    Parses query page.

    It will parse all pictures on the page, and return their info in a dict. It
    is a alternative method compatible with new design of crawler.
    """
    parsed_text = BeautifulSoup(text, 'html5lib')
    posts = parsed_text.find(id='post-list-posts').find_all('li')
    parsed_posts = []
    for post in posts:
        parsed_post = {}

        # Parse ID and detail url
        detail_url = post.find(class_='plid').text[4:]  # Remove (#pl )
        id_parttern = re.compile(r'http://konachan.net/post/show/(?P<id>\d+)')
        id_ = id_parttern.search(detail_url).group('id')
        parsed_post['link'] = detail_url
        parsed_post['id'] = int(id_)

        # Parse score, tags and rating
        title_parttern = re.compile(
            r'Rating: (?P<rating>\w+) Score: (?P<score>\d+) '
            'Tags: (?P<tags>[a-zA-z0-9_ ]+) User:'
        )
        title = post.find('a', class_='thumb').find('img')['title']
        matched_text = title_parttern.search(title)
        parsed_post['score'] = int(matched_text.group('score'))
        parsed_post['rating'] = matched_text.group('rating')
        parsed_post['tags'] = [
            tag.replace('_', ' ')
            for tag in matched_text.group('tags').split(' ')
        ]
        parsed_posts.append(parsed_post)

    return parsed_posts


def parse_detail_page(detail_page_text):
    """
    Parses detail page of picture.


    """
    parsed_text = BeautifulSoup(detail_page_text, 'html5lib')
    download_links = []

    # Try to find png link
    png_parttern = re.compile(r'Download PNG')
    png_anchor = parsed_text.find('a', text=png_parttern)
    if png_anchor is not None:
        download_links.append({
            'type': 'png',
            'link': png_anchor['href']
        })

    # Try to find jpeg link
    jpeg_parttern = re.compile(r'Download larger version')
    jpeg_anchor = parsed_text.find('a', text=jpeg_parttern)
    if jpeg_anchor is not None:
        download_links.append({
            'type': 'jpeg',
            'link': jpeg_anchor['href']
        })

    return download_links

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: parse_query_page
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from application import app, db
from flask import jsonify, request
from application.model import User, Records
import subprocess
import os

db.create_all()
# curl -d '{"token":"123456","ip":"10.0.0.1","zone":"test.dyn.example.com"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -i http://localhost:5000/dyn/api/update


SERVER = 'bind'

#os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

@app.route("/")
def index():

    # Use os.getenv("key") to get environment variables
    #app_name = os.getenv("APP_NAME")


    return "Hello from Flask"


@app.route('/dyn/api/update', methods=['POST'])
def get_test():
    #get params from POST request
    data = request.get_json()
    try:
        token = data['token']
        ip = data['ip']
        zone = data['zone']
    except:
        return 'Not all params have been supplied'
    # action to be performed
    action = f'server {SERVER}\n' \
    f'update add {zone} 60 A {ip}\n' \
    'send\n'
    # run above action
    run_cmd(action)
    user_update(zone, ip)
    return ('OK')

def run_cmd(action):
    command = f"nsupdate -k {os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))}/ddns.key << EOF\n{action}\nEOF\n"
    process = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
    return process.stdout

def user_update(zone, ip):
    print(f'{zone} -- {ip}')
    db.session.add(Records(value=zone, user_id='1'))
    db.session.commit()
    
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  B) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from application import app, db
from flask import jsonify, request
from application.model import User, Records
import subprocess
import os

db.create_all()
# curl -d '{"token":"123456","ip":"10.0.0.1","zone":"test.dyn.example.com"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -i http://localhost:5000/dyn/api/update


SERVER = 'bind'

#os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

@app.route("/")
def index():

    # Use os.getenv("key") to get environment variables
    #app_name = os.getenv("APP_NAME")


    return "Hello from Flask"


@app.route('/dyn/api/update', methods=['POST'])
def get_test():
    #get params from POST request
    data = request.get_json()
    try:
        token = data['token']
        ip = data['ip']
        zone = data['zone']
    except:
        return 'Not all params have been supplied'
    # action to be performed
    action = f'server {SERVER}\n' \
    f'update add {zone} 60 A {ip}\n' \
    'send\n'
    # run above action
    run_cmd(action)
    user_update(zone, ip)
    return ('OK')

def run_cmd(action):
    command = f"nsupdate -k {os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))}/ddns.key << EOF\n{action}\nEOF\n"
    process = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
    return process.stdout

def user_update(zone, ip):
    print(f'{zone} -- {ip}')
    db.session.add(Records(value=zone, user_id='1'))
    db.session.commit()
    
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')` vulnerability.
Answer: run_cmd
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
from flask import Flask, flash, render_template, redirect, request, url_for, send_file
import random
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename

app = Flask(__name__)
SECRET_KEY="supertopsecretprivatekey"
UPLOAD_FOLDER="/Users/nimesh/PycharmProjects/webApp/pngUpload/tmp/storedImgs"
LETTER_SET = list(set('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'))

def generate_random_name(filename):
    """ Generate a random name for an uploaded file. """
    ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
    rns = [random.randint(0, len(LETTER_SET) - 1) for _ in range(3)]
    chars = ''.join([LETTER_SET[rn] for rn in rns])

    new_name = "{new_fn}.{ext}".format(new_fn=chars, ext=ext)
    new_name = secure_filename(new_name)

    return new_name



@app.route('/images/<filename>', methods=['GET'])
def images(filename):
    return send_file(os.path.join(app.config['/Users/nimesh/PycharmProjects/webApp/pngUpload/tmp/storedImgs'], filename))


@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def home():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # show the upload form
        return render_template('home.html')

    if request.method == 'POST':
        # check if a file was passed into the POST request
        if 'image' not in request.files:
            flash('No file was uploaded.')
            return redirect(request.url)

        image_file = request.files['image']

        # if filename is empty, then assume no upload
        if image_file.filename == '':
            flash('No file was uploaded.')
            return redirect(request.url)

        # if the file is "legit"
        if image_file:
            passed = False
            try:
                filename = generate_random_name(image_file.filename)
                filepath = os.path.join('/Users/nimesh/PycharmProjects/webApp/pngUpload/tmp/storedImgs', filename)
                image_file.save(filepath)
                passed = True
            except Exception:
                passed = False

            if passed:
                return redirect(url_for('predict', filename=filename))
            else:
                flash('An error occurred, try again.')
                return redirect(request.url)


@app.route('/predict/<filename>', methods=['GET'])
def predict(filename):
    image_url = url_for('images', filename=filename)
    return render_template(
        'predict.html',
        image_url=image_url
    )


@app.errorhandler(500)
def server_error(error):
    return render_template('error.html'), 500

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run('127.0.0.1')
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: images
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
from flask import Flask, flash, render_template, redirect, request, url_for, send_file
import random
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename

app = Flask(__name__)
SECRET_KEY="supertopsecretprivatekey"
UPLOAD_FOLDER="/Users/nimesh/PycharmProjects/webApp/pngUpload/tmp/storedImgs"
LETTER_SET = list(set('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'))

def generate_random_name(filename):
    """ Generate a random name for an uploaded file. """
    ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
    rns = [random.randint(0, len(LETTER_SET) - 1) for _ in range(3)]
    chars = ''.join([LETTER_SET[rn] for rn in rns])

    new_name = "{new_fn}.{ext}".format(new_fn=chars, ext=ext)
    new_name = secure_filename(new_name)

    return new_name



@app.route('/images/<filename>', methods=['GET'])
def images(filename):
    return send_file(os.path.join(app.config['/Users/nimesh/PycharmProjects/webApp/pngUpload/tmp/storedImgs'], filename))


@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def home():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # show the upload form
        return render_template('home.html')

    if request.method == 'POST':
        # check if a file was passed into the POST request
        if 'image' not in request.files:
            flash('No file was uploaded.')
            return redirect(request.url)

        image_file = request.files['image']

        # if filename is empty, then assume no upload
        if image_file.filename == '':
            flash('No file was uploaded.')
            return redirect(request.url)

        # if the file is "legit"
        if image_file:
            passed = False
            try:
                filename = generate_random_name(image_file.filename)
                filepath = os.path.join('/Users/nimesh/PycharmProjects/webApp/pngUpload/tmp/storedImgs', filename)
                image_file.save(filepath)
                passed = True
            except Exception:
                passed = False

            if passed:
                return redirect(url_for('predict', filename=filename))
            else:
                flash('An error occurred, try again.')
                return redirect(request.url)


@app.route('/predict/<filename>', methods=['GET'])
def predict(filename):
    image_url = url_for('images', filename=filename)
    return render_template(
        'predict.html',
        image_url=image_url
    )


@app.errorhandler(500)
def server_error(error):
    return render_template('error.html'), 500

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run('127.0.0.1')
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: home
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import re
from glob import glob
import email


#check to see if an email is part of chain by looking for the '-----Original Message-----' tag
#addtionally count the number of times the tag appears to get the depth of the chain
def isChain(payload):
	chain_count = 0
	is_chain = False
	check_value = '-----Original Message-----'
	if check_value in payload:
		chain_count = payload.count(check_value)
		is_chain = True
	return chain_count, is_chain

#check to see if an email is forwarded by looking for 'fw' and 'fwd' tags
def isForwarded(body, subject):
	is_forwarded = False
	check_values = ['fw:', 'fwd:']
	for value in check_values:
		if value in body.lower() or value in subject.lower():
			is_forwarded = True
	return is_forwarded


#normalize dates and timezones by converting to UTC and a POSTGRESQL ingestable format
def formatEmailDate(date):
	raw_date_format = email.utils.parsedate_tz(date)
	timestamp = email.utils.mktime_tz(raw_date_format)
	utc_date = datetime(1970, 1, 1) + timedelta(seconds=timestamp)
	return utc_date.__str__()

#get only the names from the x-headers in the e-mail
def parseXHeaders(header):
	if header is not None:
		return re.sub(r'(<.*?>,|<.*?>)', '|', header)[:-1]
	else:
		return header
#get only the numerics from the messageid to create a unique key
def parseMessageId(messageId):
	return re.sub(r'\.|<|>|[a-zA-Z@]', '', messageId)

#check if an employee is an eron employee by looking for 'enron.com' in the email
#this is not ideal, but due the nature of the data this is best we can do
def isEnronEmployee(email):
	employee_flag = False
	if 'enron.com' in email.lower():
		employee_flag = True
	return employee_flag

#search through the maildir path and find all the email files that will then be fed into the emailParser function
def getEmails(searchPath):
	email_file = []
	for root, dirs, files in os.walk(searchPath):
		for directory in dirs:
			curr_dir = glob(os.path.join(root, directory, "*"))
			for file in curr_dir:
				if os.path.isfile(file):
					email_file.append(file)
	return email_file

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  D) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  E) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: D