OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3


from flask import *
import math
app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def homepage():
    s = 'power x y\nsqrt x'
    return s, 200


@app.route('/power')
def power():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        return 'Not supported', 401
    x = request.args.get('x')
    y = request.args.get('y')
    if x is None or y is None:
        return 'One or more parameters is absent', 400
    try:
        x = int(x)
        y = int(y)
        return str(x ** y), 200
    except Exception as e:
        return f'Bad integer format {e}', 400


@app.route('/sqrt')
def sqrt():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        return 'Not supported', 401
    x = request.args.get('x')
    if x is None:
        return 'Parameter is absent', 400
    try:
        return str(math.sqrt(float(x))), 200
    except Exception as e:
        return f'Bad number format {e}', 400


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  B) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  C) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Answer: A,E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import string 
import random

if __name__ == "__main__":

    Password_Length = int(input("Enter password length"))

    '''
    random.choices(sequence, weights=None, cum_weights=None, k=1)
    sequence : Required. A sequence like a list, a tuple, a range of numbers etc.
    weights  : Optional.  A list were you can weigh the possibility for each value. Default None
    k 	     : Optional. An integer defining the length of the returned list
    '''

    '''
    string.ascii_letters : Return ASCII letters (both lower and upper case)
    string.digits        : Return Digits from 0-9
    string.punctuation   : Return punctuation symbols
    '''
    
    Password = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation, k=Password_Length))
    print(Password)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  C) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

"""
author chenrg
flask 示例
"""


from flask import Flask
from flask import request, g, Response, make_response, render_template


# 创建一个应用
app = Flask(__name__)

# 定义接口路由
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return '<h1>Hello World!</h1>'


# 动态路由
@app.route('/sayhello/<name>', methods=['GET'])
def sayHello(name):
    return '<h1>Hello %s</h1>' % name


# 模拟提交表单
@app.route('/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
    try:
        username = request.form['username']
        password = request.form['password']
    except KeyError as e:
        return 'form incorrect'
    if username == 'admin' and password == 'admin':
        return 'login success'
    else:
        return 'login error'


# 勾子方法，用于在请求之前拦截请求，做一些前置操作。比如权限检查等
@app.before_request
def before_request():
    print('Before request method: %s' % request.method)


# @app.errorhandler 修饰符，会将一个响应代码映射到一个视图函数上，这里是将404(找不到页面)码，处理成一个个性的错误页面
# 使用make_response构建响应
@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(error):
    resp = make_response(render_template('error.html'), 404)
    resp.headers['User-agent'] = 'Firefox'
    return resp

# 启动服务
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  B) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  C) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: C,F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

"""
author chenrg
flask 示例
"""


from flask import Flask
from flask import request, g, Response, make_response, render_template


# 创建一个应用
app = Flask(__name__)

# 定义接口路由
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return '<h1>Hello World!</h1>'


# 动态路由
@app.route('/sayhello/<name>', methods=['GET'])
def sayHello(name):
    return '<h1>Hello %s</h1>' % name


# 模拟提交表单
@app.route('/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
    try:
        username = request.form['username']
        password = request.form['password']
    except KeyError as e:
        return 'form incorrect'
    if username == 'admin' and password == 'admin':
        return 'login success'
    else:
        return 'login error'


# 勾子方法，用于在请求之前拦截请求，做一些前置操作。比如权限检查等
@app.before_request
def before_request():
    print('Before request method: %s' % request.method)


# @app.errorhandler 修饰符，会将一个响应代码映射到一个视图函数上，这里是将404(找不到页面)码，处理成一个个性的错误页面
# 使用make_response构建响应
@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(error):
    resp = make_response(render_template('error.html'), 404)
    resp.headers['User-agent'] = 'Firefox'
    return resp

# 启动服务
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) sayHello
  B) not_found
  C) before_request
  D) index
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

"""
author chenrg
flask 示例
"""


from flask import Flask
from flask import request, g, Response, make_response, render_template


# 创建一个应用
app = Flask(__name__)

# 定义接口路由
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return '<h1>Hello World!</h1>'


# 动态路由
@app.route('/sayhello/<name>', methods=['GET'])
def sayHello(name):
    return '<h1>Hello %s</h1>' % name


# 模拟提交表单
@app.route('/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
    try:
        username = request.form['username']
        password = request.form['password']
    except KeyError as e:
        return 'form incorrect'
    if username == 'admin' and password == 'admin':
        return 'login success'
    else:
        return 'login error'


# 勾子方法，用于在请求之前拦截请求，做一些前置操作。比如权限检查等
@app.before_request
def before_request():
    print('Before request method: %s' % request.method)


# @app.errorhandler 修饰符，会将一个响应代码映射到一个视图函数上，这里是将404(找不到页面)码，处理成一个个性的错误页面
# 使用make_response构建响应
@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(error):
    resp = make_response(render_template('error.html'), 404)
    resp.headers['User-agent'] = 'Firefox'
    return resp

# 启动服务
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: sayHello
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#BugMartiniAPI
#Adam Knuckey October 2015

import urllib,urllib2
import re

# Downloads a comic from the given link to a given destination
# Destination must be a name ending in .png
def download(link,destination):
	urllib.urlretrieve(link,destination)

# Returns a permalink to today's comic
def getTodays():
	html = urllib2.urlopen("http://www.bugmartini.com").read()
	regex = re.compile("<a href=\"http://www\.bugmartini\.com/comic/.+><span class=\\\"comment-balloon\\\">")
	for m in regex.finditer(html):
		return (m.group()[9:m.group().index("\"><span")])

# Returns a link to the image from the given link
def getImage(link):
	html = urllib2.urlopen(link).read()
	regex = re.compile("<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\".+\" />")
	for m in regex.finditer(html):
		return (m.group()[35:m.group().index("/>")-2]).replace("520%2C177","1005%2C343")

# Gets the name of the comic from the given link
def getName(link):
	html = urllib2.urlopen(link).read()
	regex = re.compile("http://www.bugmartini.com/comic/.+/#comments")
	for m in regex.finditer(html):
		name = m.group()[32:m.group().index("/#comments")]
	name = name[0].upper()+name[1:]
	regex = re.compile("-.")
	for m in regex.finditer(name):
		name = name[:m.start()+1]+name[m.start()+1].upper()+name[m.start()+2:]
	return name

# Returns a link to the previous comic to the one in the given link
# If it is the oldest comic, returns the given link
def previous(link):
	html = urllib2.urlopen(link).read()
	regex = re.compile("link rel=\"prev\" href=\".+\" />")
	for m in regex.finditer(html):
		return m.group()[22:m.group().index("/>")-2]
	return link

# Returns a link to the next comic to the one in the given link
# If it is the most recent comic, returns the given link
def next(link):
	html = urllib2.urlopen(link).read()
	regex = re.compile("link rel=\"next\" href=\".+\" />")
	for m in regex.finditer(html):
		return m.group()[22:m.group().index("/>")-2]
	return link

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  B) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  E) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  F) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os


class LockFile(object):
    """Provides methods to obtain, check for, and release a file based lock which
    should be used to handle concurrent access to the same file.

    As we are a utility class to be derived from, we only use protected methods.

    Locks will automatically be released on destruction"""
    __slots__ = ("_file_path", "_owns_lock")

    def __init__(self, file_path):
        self._file_path = file_path
        self._owns_lock = False

    def __del__(self):
        self._release_lock()

    def _lock_file_path(self):
        """:return: Path to lockfile"""
        return "%s.lock" % (self._file_path)

    def _has_lock(self):
        """:return: True if we have a lock and if the lockfile still exists
        :raise AssertionError: if our lock-file does not exist"""
        if not self._owns_lock:
            return False

        return True

    def _obtain_lock_or_raise(self):
        """Create a lock file as flag for other instances, mark our instance as lock-holder

        :raise IOError: if a lock was already present or a lock file could not be written"""
        if self._has_lock():
            return
        lock_file = self._lock_file_path()
        if os.path.isfile(lock_file):
            raise IOError("Lock for file %r did already exist, delete %r in case the lock is illegal" % (self._file_path, lock_file))

        try:
            fd = os.open(lock_file, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0)
            os.close(fd)
        except OSError,e:
            raise IOError(str(e))

        self._owns_lock = True

    def _obtain_lock(self):
        """The default implementation will raise if a lock cannot be obtained.
        Subclasses may override this method to provide a different implementation"""
        return self._obtain_lock_or_raise()

    def _release_lock(self):
        """Release our lock if we have one"""
        if not self._has_lock():
            return

        # if someone removed our file beforhand, lets just flag this issue
        # instead of failing, to make it more usable.
        lfp = self._lock_file_path()
        try:
            # on bloody windows, the file needs write permissions to be removable.
            # Why ...
            if os.name == 'nt':
                os.chmod(lfp, 0777)
            # END handle win32
            os.remove(lfp)
        except OSError:
            pass
        self._owns_lock = False

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource` vulnerability?

  A) __del__
  B) _obtain_lock_or_raise
  C) _release_lock
  D) _has_lock
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os


class LockFile(object):
    """Provides methods to obtain, check for, and release a file based lock which
    should be used to handle concurrent access to the same file.

    As we are a utility class to be derived from, we only use protected methods.

    Locks will automatically be released on destruction"""
    __slots__ = ("_file_path", "_owns_lock")

    def __init__(self, file_path):
        self._file_path = file_path
        self._owns_lock = False

    def __del__(self):
        self._release_lock()

    def _lock_file_path(self):
        """:return: Path to lockfile"""
        return "%s.lock" % (self._file_path)

    def _has_lock(self):
        """:return: True if we have a lock and if the lockfile still exists
        :raise AssertionError: if our lock-file does not exist"""
        if not self._owns_lock:
            return False

        return True

    def _obtain_lock_or_raise(self):
        """Create a lock file as flag for other instances, mark our instance as lock-holder

        :raise IOError: if a lock was already present or a lock file could not be written"""
        if self._has_lock():
            return
        lock_file = self._lock_file_path()
        if os.path.isfile(lock_file):
            raise IOError("Lock for file %r did already exist, delete %r in case the lock is illegal" % (self._file_path, lock_file))

        try:
            fd = os.open(lock_file, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0)
            os.close(fd)
        except OSError,e:
            raise IOError(str(e))

        self._owns_lock = True

    def _obtain_lock(self):
        """The default implementation will raise if a lock cannot be obtained.
        Subclasses may override this method to provide a different implementation"""
        return self._obtain_lock_or_raise()

    def _release_lock(self):
        """Release our lock if we have one"""
        if not self._has_lock():
            return

        # if someone removed our file beforhand, lets just flag this issue
        # instead of failing, to make it more usable.
        lfp = self._lock_file_path()
        try:
            # on bloody windows, the file needs write permissions to be removable.
            # Why ...
            if os.name == 'nt':
                os.chmod(lfp, 0777)
            # END handle win32
            os.remove(lfp)
        except OSError:
            pass
        self._owns_lock = False

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource` vulnerability.
Answer: _release_lock
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from uuid import uuid4
from hashlib import md5

def generate_salt():
    """ Generates a random string to use for password generation """
    return uuid4().hex[:8].upper()

def generate_password_from_salt(salt, password):
    string = salt + password + "KEY123"
    return md5(string.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

def empty(string):
    return not bool(string.strip())

def allowed_file(filename, allowed_extensions):
    return '.' in filename and \
           filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1].lower() in allowed_extensions
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  B) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask
from flask import Module, make_response
from urlparse import urlparse
from jpegtran import JPEGImage
import os
import requests

cache = Module(__name__, name="cache")
"""Currently works for jpg image only,
client request can provide args in url,
ex: http://test-cache.com/cache?url='image url'&width='int'&height='int'
"""


@cache.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def create_cache():
    """cache the image at the url passed in query params.
    width and height of the thumbnail can be specified in the params.
    return cached image thereafter."""
    if 'width' in flask.request.args:
        width = int(flask.request.args['width'])
    else:
        width = 200

    if 'height' in flask.request.args:
        height = int(flask.request.args['height'])
    else:
        height = 150
    dirn = urlparse(flask.request.args['url']).netloc
    dirn = os.path.join('cache', dirn)  # Store cache under a directory
    f = urlparse(flask.request.args['url']).path.split(
        '/')[-1]  # Name of the file
    fp = os.path.join(dirn, f)
    fp = os.path.abspath(fp)  # Get absolute path of the file

    if(os.path.isdir(dirn)):
        if os.path.isfile(fp):
            """if the image is already cached, serve it"""
            with open(fp, 'r') as f:
                image = f.read()
        else:
            """cache a low res version of the image"""
            image = create_thumbnail(flask.request.args['url'], fp, width,
                                     height)
    else:
        """Create a directory with the hostname"""
        os.makedirs(dirn)
        image = create_thumbnail(flask.request.args['url'], fp, width, height)
    response = make_response()
    response.data = image
    return response


def create_thumbnail(url, fp, width, height):
    blob = requests.get(url).content
    imgResp = requests.get(flask.request.args['url'])
    image = JPEGImage(blob=blob)
    """Check if downscaling image is possible with requested width and
    height.

    """
    if image.width < width:
        width = width/2

    if image.height < height:
        height = height/2

    image.downscale(width, height, 90).save(fp)
    with open(fp, 'r') as f:
        thumbnail = f.read()
    return thumbnail

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability?

  A) create_cache
  B) create_thumbnail
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask
from flask import Module, make_response
from urlparse import urlparse
from jpegtran import JPEGImage
import os
import requests

cache = Module(__name__, name="cache")
"""Currently works for jpg image only,
client request can provide args in url,
ex: http://test-cache.com/cache?url='image url'&width='int'&height='int'
"""


@cache.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def create_cache():
    """cache the image at the url passed in query params.
    width and height of the thumbnail can be specified in the params.
    return cached image thereafter."""
    if 'width' in flask.request.args:
        width = int(flask.request.args['width'])
    else:
        width = 200

    if 'height' in flask.request.args:
        height = int(flask.request.args['height'])
    else:
        height = 150
    dirn = urlparse(flask.request.args['url']).netloc
    dirn = os.path.join('cache', dirn)  # Store cache under a directory
    f = urlparse(flask.request.args['url']).path.split(
        '/')[-1]  # Name of the file
    fp = os.path.join(dirn, f)
    fp = os.path.abspath(fp)  # Get absolute path of the file

    if(os.path.isdir(dirn)):
        if os.path.isfile(fp):
            """if the image is already cached, serve it"""
            with open(fp, 'r') as f:
                image = f.read()
        else:
            """cache a low res version of the image"""
            image = create_thumbnail(flask.request.args['url'], fp, width,
                                     height)
    else:
        """Create a directory with the hostname"""
        os.makedirs(dirn)
        image = create_thumbnail(flask.request.args['url'], fp, width, height)
    response = make_response()
    response.data = image
    return response


def create_thumbnail(url, fp, width, height):
    blob = requests.get(url).content
    imgResp = requests.get(flask.request.args['url'])
    image = JPEGImage(blob=blob)
    """Check if downscaling image is possible with requested width and
    height.

    """
    if image.width < width:
        width = width/2

    if image.height < height:
        height = height/2

    image.downscale(width, height, 90).save(fp)
    with open(fp, 'r') as f:
        thumbnail = f.read()
    return thumbnail

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: create_thumbnail
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from zoodb import *
from debug import *
import os
import hashlib
import random
import pbkdf2
import bank_client

def newtoken(db, cred):
    hashinput = "%s%.10f" % (cred.password, random.random())
    cred.token = hashlib.md5(hashinput).hexdigest()
    db.commit()
    return cred.token

def login(username, password):
    db = cred_setup()
    cred = db.query(Cred).get(username)
    if not cred:
        return None
    if cred.password == pbkdf2.PBKDF2(password, cred.salt).hexread(64):
        return newtoken(db,cred)
    else:
        return None

def register(username, password):
    db = cred_setup()
    cred = db.query(Cred).get(username)
    if cred:
        return None
    # Adding User Credentials In Cred DB    
    newCred = Cred()
    newCred.username = username
    newCred.salt = os.urandom(8).encode('base_64')   
    newCred.password = pbkdf2.PBKDF2(password, newCred.salt).hexread(64)
    db.add(newCred)
    db.commit()
    # Adding User Details In Person DB
    db1 = person_setup()
    newPerson = Person()
    newPerson.username = username
    db1.add(newPerson)
    db1.commit()
    bank_client.newuser(username)
    return newtoken(db,newCred)

def check_token(username, token):
    db = cred_setup()
    cred = db.query(Cred).get(username)
    if cred and cred.token == token:
        return True
    else:
        return False


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  D) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  E) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  F) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from zoodb import *
from debug import *
import os
import hashlib
import random
import pbkdf2
import bank_client

def newtoken(db, cred):
    hashinput = "%s%.10f" % (cred.password, random.random())
    cred.token = hashlib.md5(hashinput).hexdigest()
    db.commit()
    return cred.token

def login(username, password):
    db = cred_setup()
    cred = db.query(Cred).get(username)
    if not cred:
        return None
    if cred.password == pbkdf2.PBKDF2(password, cred.salt).hexread(64):
        return newtoken(db,cred)
    else:
        return None

def register(username, password):
    db = cred_setup()
    cred = db.query(Cred).get(username)
    if cred:
        return None
    # Adding User Credentials In Cred DB    
    newCred = Cred()
    newCred.username = username
    newCred.salt = os.urandom(8).encode('base_64')   
    newCred.password = pbkdf2.PBKDF2(password, newCred.salt).hexread(64)
    db.add(newCred)
    db.commit()
    # Adding User Details In Person DB
    db1 = person_setup()
    newPerson = Person()
    newPerson.username = username
    db1.add(newPerson)
    db1.commit()
    bank_client.newuser(username)
    return newtoken(db,newCred)

def check_token(username, token):
    db = cred_setup()
    cred = db.query(Cred).get(username)
    if cred and cred.token == token:
        return True
    else:
        return False


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) register
  B) login
  C) newtoken
  D) check_token
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from zoodb import *
from debug import *
import os
import hashlib
import random
import pbkdf2
import bank_client

def newtoken(db, cred):
    hashinput = "%s%.10f" % (cred.password, random.random())
    cred.token = hashlib.md5(hashinput).hexdigest()
    db.commit()
    return cred.token

def login(username, password):
    db = cred_setup()
    cred = db.query(Cred).get(username)
    if not cred:
        return None
    if cred.password == pbkdf2.PBKDF2(password, cred.salt).hexread(64):
        return newtoken(db,cred)
    else:
        return None

def register(username, password):
    db = cred_setup()
    cred = db.query(Cred).get(username)
    if cred:
        return None
    # Adding User Credentials In Cred DB    
    newCred = Cred()
    newCred.username = username
    newCred.salt = os.urandom(8).encode('base_64')   
    newCred.password = pbkdf2.PBKDF2(password, newCred.salt).hexread(64)
    db.add(newCred)
    db.commit()
    # Adding User Details In Person DB
    db1 = person_setup()
    newPerson = Person()
    newPerson.username = username
    db1.add(newPerson)
    db1.commit()
    bank_client.newuser(username)
    return newtoken(db,newCred)

def check_token(username, token):
    db = cred_setup()
    cred = db.query(Cred).get(username)
    if cred and cred.token == token:
        return True
    else:
        return False


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: newtoken
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import clss

import os

def setup_sql():
    menu()
    s = clss.sql()
    s.meta.create_all(s.eng)

def menu():
    txt = open('auth_sql', 'w')
    print
    print '-----SQL Database setup-----'
    print
    print '=Select SQL type='
    print '  (1) sqlite'
    print '  (2) MySQL'
    print
    typ = int(raw_input(': '))
    print
    print
    if typ == 1:
        file_path = str(raw_input('Location/Database Name: ')) + '\n'
        txt.write(str(typ) + '\n')
        txt.write(file_path)
    if typ == 2:
        host = str(raw_input('Host: ')) + '\n'
        user = raw_input('Username: ') + '\n'
        password = raw_input('Password: ') + '\n'
        name = raw_input('Database Name: ') + '\n'
        print
        txt.write(str(typ) + '\n')
        txt.write(host)
        txt.write(user)
        txt.write(password)
        txt.write(name)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) menu
  B) setup_sql
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import clss

import os

def setup_sql():
    menu()
    s = clss.sql()
    s.meta.create_all(s.eng)

def menu():
    txt = open('auth_sql', 'w')
    print
    print '-----SQL Database setup-----'
    print
    print '=Select SQL type='
    print '  (1) sqlite'
    print '  (2) MySQL'
    print
    typ = int(raw_input(': '))
    print
    print
    if typ == 1:
        file_path = str(raw_input('Location/Database Name: ')) + '\n'
        txt.write(str(typ) + '\n')
        txt.write(file_path)
    if typ == 2:
        host = str(raw_input('Host: ')) + '\n'
        user = raw_input('Username: ') + '\n'
        password = raw_input('Password: ') + '\n'
        name = raw_input('Database Name: ') + '\n'
        print
        txt.write(str(typ) + '\n')
        txt.write(host)
        txt.write(user)
        txt.write(password)
        txt.write(name)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: menu
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template,redirect
from models import SSRServer, db
import datetime
import json
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='/dev/stdout', level=logging.INFO, format='[WEB] %(asctime)s %(message)s')
db.connect()

app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path='/static')


@app.template_filter()
def time_ago(value):
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    d = now - value
    return "{0}s ago".format(d.seconds)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    try:
        activate_uuid = read_server()
    except FileNotFoundError :
        activate_uuid = None
    server_list = SSRServer.select().where(SSRServer.active == True).order_by(SSRServer.ep.desc())[:]
    return render_template("index.html", server_list=server_list,activate_uuid=activate_uuid)


@app.route('/activate/<uuid:server_uuid>/')
def activate(server_uuid):
    server = SSRServer.get(uuid=server_uuid)
    write_server(server)
    return redirect("/")


def write_server(server):
    with open('config.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        file.write(
            json.dumps(
                {
                    "uuid": server.uuid,
                    "server_addr": server.server_addr,
                    "server_port": server.server_port,
                    "password": server.password,
                    "method": server.method,
                    "obfs": server.obfs,
                    "protocol": server.protocol,
                    "obfsparam": server.obfsparam,
                    "protocolparam": server.protocolparam,

                }
                , indent=4, sort_keys=True
            )
        )

def read_server():
    with open('config.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        server = json.loads(file.read())
    return server["uuid"]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  C) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  F) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
	def get(self):
		greeting = self.get_argument('greeting', 'Hello')
		self.write(greeting + ", friendly user!")
	def write_error(self, status_code, **kwargs):
		self.write("Gosh darnit, user!You caused a %d error." % status_code)
		
		
if __name__ == "__main__":
	app = tornado.web.Application(
		handlers=[
			(r"/",IndexHandler),
			])
	app.listen(8000)
	tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  F) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
	def get(self):
		greeting = self.get_argument('greeting', 'Hello')
		self.write(greeting + ", friendly user!")
	def write_error(self, status_code, **kwargs):
		self.write("Gosh darnit, user!You caused a %d error." % status_code)
		
		
if __name__ == "__main__":
	app = tornado.web.Application(
		handlers=[
			(r"/",IndexHandler),
			])
	app.listen(8000)
	tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) write_error
  B) get
  C) IndexHandler
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
	def get(self):
		greeting = self.get_argument('greeting', 'Hello')
		self.write(greeting + ", friendly user!")
	def write_error(self, status_code, **kwargs):
		self.write("Gosh darnit, user!You caused a %d error." % status_code)
		
		
if __name__ == "__main__":
	app = tornado.web.Application(
		handlers=[
			(r"/",IndexHandler),
			])
	app.listen(8000)
	tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: get
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import os
import requests
import schedule
import time

API_TOKEN = os.environ['SLACK_API_TOKEN']
START_TIME = '10:00'
QUITTING_TIME = '18:00'


def set_slack_presence(presence):
    url = "https://slack.com/api/users.setPresence"
    url += f"?token={API_TOKEN}"
    url += f"&presence={presence}"
    response = requests.request("POST", url)
    if not json.loads(response.text)['ok']:
        print(response.text)
        raise requests.HTTPError(403)


def scheduler():
    schedule.every().monday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().monday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    schedule.every().tuesday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().tuesday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    schedule.every().wednesday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().wednesday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    schedule.every().thursday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().thursday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    schedule.every().friday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().friday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    while True:
        schedule.run_pending()
        time.sleep(1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    scheduler()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  D) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import os
import requests
import schedule
import time

API_TOKEN = os.environ['SLACK_API_TOKEN']
START_TIME = '10:00'
QUITTING_TIME = '18:00'


def set_slack_presence(presence):
    url = "https://slack.com/api/users.setPresence"
    url += f"?token={API_TOKEN}"
    url += f"&presence={presence}"
    response = requests.request("POST", url)
    if not json.loads(response.text)['ok']:
        print(response.text)
        raise requests.HTTPError(403)


def scheduler():
    schedule.every().monday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().monday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    schedule.every().tuesday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().tuesday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    schedule.every().wednesday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().wednesday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    schedule.every().thursday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().thursday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    schedule.every().friday.at(START_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='auto'
    )
    schedule.every().friday.at(QUITTING_TIME).do(
        set_slack_presence,
        presence='away'
    )
    while True:
        schedule.run_pending()
        time.sleep(1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    scheduler()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: set_slack_presence