OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import io
import requests
from urllib import parse
import json

# flask
from flask import Flask, send_file, request  # redirect, Response

app = Flask(__name__)

API_KEY = "4_MY_EYES_ONLY"
map_types = ["satellite", "roadmap", "terrain", "hybrid"]


def get_satellite_image(url, lat, lng, key, zoom=15, map_type=0, size="600x300"):
    link = url + "center={},{}&zoom={}&size={}&maptype={}&key={}".format(
        lat, lng, zoom, size, map_types[map_type], key)
    r = requests.get(link)

    return r.content


@app.route('/satellite-image')
def imgsat():

    url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?"

    latitudes = request.args.get('lat').split(",")

    lat = sum([float(latitude) for latitude in latitudes])/len(latitudes)

    longitudes = request.args.get('lng').split(",")

    lng = sum([float(longitude) for longitude in longitudes])/len(longitudes)

    visible_string = "&visible="
    path_string = "&path=color:0x00000000|weight:5|fillcolor:0xFFFF0033|"
    params = ""

    for i in range(len(latitudes)):
        params = params + "{},{}".format(latitudes[i], longitudes[i]) + ("|" if i is not len(latitudes) - 1 else "")

    url = url + visible_string + params + path_string + params

    zoom = request.args.get('zoom', default=15, type=int)

    map_type = request.args.get('type', default=0, type=int)

    data = get_satellite_image(url, lat, lng, API_KEY, zoom, map_type)

    return send_file(io.BytesIO(data), mimetype='image/png')

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: imgsat
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests
from lxml import html
import os
import sys
sys.path.append("..")

header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36"}

def adafruitScrape(link):
    link = link.strip()
    response = requests.get(link,headers=header)
    root = html.fromstring(response.content)
    name = root.xpath('//h1[@class="products_name"]/text()')[0].strip()
    price = root.xpath('//div[@class="product-price"]/span/text()')[0].strip("$")
    info = {"Name":name,"Price":price,"URL":link}
    info = [name,price,link]
    return info

def amazonScrape(link):
    link = link.strip()
    response = requests.get(link,headers=header)
    root = html.fromstring(response.content)
    name = root.xpath('//span[@id="productTitle"]/text()')[0].strip()
    leftDecPrice = root.xpath('//span[@class="price-large"]/text()')[0].strip()
    rightDecPrice = root.xpath('//span[@class="a-size-small price-info-superscript"]/text()')[1].strip()
    price = "{}.{}".format(leftDecPrice,rightDecPrice)
    info = {"Name":name,"Price":price,"URL":link}
    info = [name,price,link]
    return info

def scrapePartData(srcFile):
    with open(srcFile,"r") as r:
        linkList = r.readlines()
    for item in range(len(linkList)):
        if "https://www.amazon.com/" in linkList[item]:
            linkList[item] = amazonScrape(linkList[item])
        elif "https://www.adafruit.com/" in linkList[item]:
            linkList[item] = adafruitScrape(linkList[item])
    return linkList
        

def defaultFile():
    filelist = ["data/"+item for item in os.listdir("data")]
    return filelist[0]
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests
from lxml import html
import os
import sys
sys.path.append("..")

header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36"}

def adafruitScrape(link):
    link = link.strip()
    response = requests.get(link,headers=header)
    root = html.fromstring(response.content)
    name = root.xpath('//h1[@class="products_name"]/text()')[0].strip()
    price = root.xpath('//div[@class="product-price"]/span/text()')[0].strip("$")
    info = {"Name":name,"Price":price,"URL":link}
    info = [name,price,link]
    return info

def amazonScrape(link):
    link = link.strip()
    response = requests.get(link,headers=header)
    root = html.fromstring(response.content)
    name = root.xpath('//span[@id="productTitle"]/text()')[0].strip()
    leftDecPrice = root.xpath('//span[@class="price-large"]/text()')[0].strip()
    rightDecPrice = root.xpath('//span[@class="a-size-small price-info-superscript"]/text()')[1].strip()
    price = "{}.{}".format(leftDecPrice,rightDecPrice)
    info = {"Name":name,"Price":price,"URL":link}
    info = [name,price,link]
    return info

def scrapePartData(srcFile):
    with open(srcFile,"r") as r:
        linkList = r.readlines()
    for item in range(len(linkList)):
        if "https://www.amazon.com/" in linkList[item]:
            linkList[item] = amazonScrape(linkList[item])
        elif "https://www.adafruit.com/" in linkList[item]:
            linkList[item] = adafruitScrape(linkList[item])
    return linkList
        

def defaultFile():
    filelist = ["data/"+item for item in os.listdir("data")]
    return filelist[0]
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability?

  A) defaultFile
  B) amazonScrape
  C) scrapePartData
  D) adafruitScrape
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
##----------------------------------------------------------------------
## PM Security scheme
##----------------------------------------------------------------------
## Copyright (C) 2007-2009 The NOC Project
## See LICENSE for details
##----------------------------------------------------------------------
from hashlib import sha1
##
## Calculate PM Hash
##
def pmhash(ip,secret,tslist=[]):
    """
    >>> pmhash('127.0.0.1','the secret')
    '443a7892894f2ee0a7a1beee724b284988dc4a8b'
    >>> pmhash('127.0.0.1','the secret',['ts1','ts2'])
    '9c89ae8790169ed1c55c103607ab1c960fb6d541'
    """
    s=("%s@%s"%(ip,secret))+"@".join([str(t) for t in tslist])
    return sha1(s).hexdigest()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  C) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  D) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  E) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import sys
import hashlib


user_details = {}

hasher = hashlib.sha256()

with open('user_credentials.json', 'r') as f:
    user_details = json.load(f)

while True:
    print("Welcome to the new and sophisticated login system!")

    choice = input("What would you like to do? \n [1]LOGIN \n [2]REGISTER \n")

    while choice == "1":
        username_login = input("Pleaser enter your username: ")
        if username_login in user_details.keys():
            password_login = input(
                "Please enter your password: ").encode('utf-8')
            password_login = hasher.update(password_login)
            if username_login in user_details and user_details[username_login] == password_login:
                print("You are now loggged in! Welcome back!")
                print("Now exiting program")
                sys.exit()
            else:
                print("Sorry, that was the wrong password. Try again.")
        else:
            print("Sorry, that username does not exist. Please try again")

    while choice == "2":
        print("Please choose a username, it can be your email address or a plain username")
        username_registration = input("")
        print("Please enter a password")
        password_registration = input("").encode('utf-8')
        user_details[username_registration] = hasher.update(
            password_registration)
        with open('user_credentials.json', 'w') as fp:
            json.dump(user_details, fp, indent=4)
        print("Thank you for registering! You may now sign in!")
        break

    decision = input(
        "What would you like to do now? Continue or Exit?").lower()

    if decision == "continue":
        continue
    else:
        sys.exit()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  B) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  E) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  F) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Download dataset JESC from website and extract it
import requests
import os
from tqdm import tqdm
import tarfile
import paths


def download_file(url, filepath):
    """
    Download JESC dataset

    :param url: URL of file to download

    :type url: str

    :param filepath: Location to download file to

    :type filepath: str
    """
    # NOTE the stream=True parameter below
    with requests.get(url, stream=True) as r:
        r.raise_for_status()
        # total_length = r.headers.get('content-length')
        # total_length = int(total_length)

        # Content-Length is returned wrong
        total_length = int(99803000/1024)
        with open(filepath, 'wb') as f:
            for data in tqdm(r.iter_content(chunk_size=1024),
                             total=total_length,
                             unit='KB',
                             unit_scale=False,
                             unit_divisor=1024
                             ):
                # If you have chunk encoded response uncomment if
                # and set chunk_size parameter to None.
                f.write(data)


def download_and_extract_jesc():
    """
    Downloads the Japanese English Subtitle Corpus
    and places it into datasets/text_dataset/
    """
    url = "https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/jesc/data/raw.tar.gz"
    filepath = paths.DATASET_TEXT_RAW_JESC_DIALOGUES_FILE
    if os.path.isfile(filepath):
        print("File already exists")
    else:
        print("Downloading JESC text corpus")
        download_file(url, filepath)

    text_dataset_dir = paths.DATASET_TEXT_FOLDER
    if not os.path.isdir(text_dataset_dir):
        os.mkdir(text_dataset_dir)

    print("Extracting archive now!")
    tar_arch = tarfile.open(filepath)
    tar_arch.extractall(text_dataset_dir)
    tar_arch.close()

    os.rename(text_dataset_dir+"raw/raw", text_dataset_dir+"raw.txt")
    os.removedirs(text_dataset_dir+"raw/")

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) download_file
  B) download_and_extract_jesc
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# Download dataset JESC from website and extract it
import requests
import os
from tqdm import tqdm
import tarfile
import paths


def download_file(url, filepath):
    """
    Download JESC dataset

    :param url: URL of file to download

    :type url: str

    :param filepath: Location to download file to

    :type filepath: str
    """
    # NOTE the stream=True parameter below
    with requests.get(url, stream=True) as r:
        r.raise_for_status()
        # total_length = r.headers.get('content-length')
        # total_length = int(total_length)

        # Content-Length is returned wrong
        total_length = int(99803000/1024)
        with open(filepath, 'wb') as f:
            for data in tqdm(r.iter_content(chunk_size=1024),
                             total=total_length,
                             unit='KB',
                             unit_scale=False,
                             unit_divisor=1024
                             ):
                # If you have chunk encoded response uncomment if
                # and set chunk_size parameter to None.
                f.write(data)


def download_and_extract_jesc():
    """
    Downloads the Japanese English Subtitle Corpus
    and places it into datasets/text_dataset/
    """
    url = "https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/jesc/data/raw.tar.gz"
    filepath = paths.DATASET_TEXT_RAW_JESC_DIALOGUES_FILE
    if os.path.isfile(filepath):
        print("File already exists")
    else:
        print("Downloading JESC text corpus")
        download_file(url, filepath)

    text_dataset_dir = paths.DATASET_TEXT_FOLDER
    if not os.path.isdir(text_dataset_dir):
        os.mkdir(text_dataset_dir)

    print("Extracting archive now!")
    tar_arch = tarfile.open(filepath)
    tar_arch.extractall(text_dataset_dir)
    tar_arch.close()

    os.rename(text_dataset_dir+"raw/raw", text_dataset_dir+"raw.txt")
    os.removedirs(text_dataset_dir+"raw/")

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: download_and_extract_jesc
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import paramiko


def get_ssh_client(target):
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    client.load_system_host_keys()
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.WarningPolicy)
    if 'password' in target:
        client.connect(hostname=target['host'],
                       username=target['user_name'],
                       key_filename=target['key_path'],
                       password=target['password'])
    else:
        client.connect(hostname=target['host'],
                       username=target['user_name'],
                       key_filename=target['key_path'])
    return client


def close_ssh_client(ssh_client):
    ssh_client.close()


def execute_command(ssh_client, command):
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command(command)
    return {"output": str(stdout.read(), 'utf-8'),
            "errors": str(stderr.read(), 'utf-8')}

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  B) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  C) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  F) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import paramiko


def get_ssh_client(target):
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    client.load_system_host_keys()
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.WarningPolicy)
    if 'password' in target:
        client.connect(hostname=target['host'],
                       username=target['user_name'],
                       key_filename=target['key_path'],
                       password=target['password'])
    else:
        client.connect(hostname=target['host'],
                       username=target['user_name'],
                       key_filename=target['key_path'])
    return client


def close_ssh_client(ssh_client):
    ssh_client.close()


def execute_command(ssh_client, command):
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command(command)
    return {"output": str(stdout.read(), 'utf-8'),
            "errors": str(stderr.read(), 'utf-8')}

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) get_ssh_client
  B) execute_command
  C) close_ssh_client
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

from cStringIO import StringIO
import requests
import tarfile
import sys

install_dir = "/usr/local"
print "Downloading a CheesePi install into "+install_dir+"..."

# Location of the most recent release of the CheesePi code
code_url = "http://cheesepi.sics.se/files/cheesepi.tar.gz"

response = None
try:
    response = requests.head(url=code_url)
except Exception as e:
    print "Error: Could not make request to CheesePi server "+code_url+": "+str(e)
    exit(1)

if response.status_code!=200:
    print "Error: file %s was not available on server" % code_url
    exit(1)

lastmodified = response.headers['last-modified']
#print lastmodified

# if we have downloaded since it was updated, do nothing
response = requests.get(code_url)

fd = StringIO(response.content)
tfile = tarfile.open(mode="r:gz", fileobj=fd)

try:
	# should actually do this into /usr/local (or the correct cheesepi directory)
	tfile.extractall(install_dir)

	sys.path.append(install_dir)
	import cheesepi
	# record that we have just updated the code
	cheesepi.config.set_last_updated()
except OSError:
	print "Error: Can't untar the .tar.gz, you probably do not have permission, try sudo"
	exit(1)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  B) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  C) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  D) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  E) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# A very simple Flask Hello World app for you to get started with using a database
#  just save and display subscription notifications data

from flask import Flask, request, Response, render_template, session
import os
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import logging
from datetime import datetime
from json import dumps, loads

logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s %(lineno)d}: %(message)s')

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config["DEBUG"] = True
app.secret_key = 'my_secret_key'

# Configure the SQLAlchemy part of the app instance
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True
# for local build
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:////' + os.path.join(basedir, 'post.db')
# for pythonanywhere
# app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:////home/healthedatainc2/mysite/post.db'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False

db = SQLAlchemy(app)
#migrate = Migrate(app, db)

#define models

class Post(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'post'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    body = db.Column(db.PickleType())
    timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime, index=True, default=datetime.utcnow)
    type = db.Column(db.String(50), default='heartbeat')
    event_ids = db.Column(db.PickleType(),)

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<Post |{self.id}|{self.type}|{self.body}|{self.timestamp}|>'

#create tables do this just once when update models...
db.create_all()

# then clear all tables in database after that
db.session.query(Post).delete()
db.session.commit()

#see add_url_rule to conditionally open rest hook.= e.g after subscribing"

@app.route('/webhook', methods=['POST'])
def respond():
    # webhook logic to do something
    app.logger.info(request.json)
    for e in request.json['entry']:
        try:
            type = next(p['valueCode'] for p in e['resource']['parameter'] \
             if e['resource']['resourceType'] == 'Parameters' and  p['name'] == 'type')
        except KeyError:
            event_ids = e['fullUrl']  # just one for utcnow
        else:
            event_ids = None
    row = Post(body=request.json, type=type, event_ids=event_ids)
    db.session.add(row)
    db.session.commit()
    app.logger.info(f'query = {db.session.query(Post).all()}')
    return Response(status=200)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    posts = db.session.query(Post).all()
    return render_template('index.html', posts=posts)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability?

  A) respond
  B) hello_world
  C) __repr__
  D) Post
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# A very simple Flask Hello World app for you to get started with using a database
#  just save and display subscription notifications data

from flask import Flask, request, Response, render_template, session
import os
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import logging
from datetime import datetime
from json import dumps, loads

logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s %(lineno)d}: %(message)s')

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config["DEBUG"] = True
app.secret_key = 'my_secret_key'

# Configure the SQLAlchemy part of the app instance
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True
# for local build
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:////' + os.path.join(basedir, 'post.db')
# for pythonanywhere
# app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:////home/healthedatainc2/mysite/post.db'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False

db = SQLAlchemy(app)
#migrate = Migrate(app, db)

#define models

class Post(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'post'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    body = db.Column(db.PickleType())
    timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime, index=True, default=datetime.utcnow)
    type = db.Column(db.String(50), default='heartbeat')
    event_ids = db.Column(db.PickleType(),)

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<Post |{self.id}|{self.type}|{self.body}|{self.timestamp}|>'

#create tables do this just once when update models...
db.create_all()

# then clear all tables in database after that
db.session.query(Post).delete()
db.session.commit()

#see add_url_rule to conditionally open rest hook.= e.g after subscribing"

@app.route('/webhook', methods=['POST'])
def respond():
    # webhook logic to do something
    app.logger.info(request.json)
    for e in request.json['entry']:
        try:
            type = next(p['valueCode'] for p in e['resource']['parameter'] \
             if e['resource']['resourceType'] == 'Parameters' and  p['name'] == 'type')
        except KeyError:
            event_ids = e['fullUrl']  # just one for utcnow
        else:
            event_ids = None
    row = Post(body=request.json, type=type, event_ids=event_ids)
    db.session.add(row)
    db.session.commit()
    app.logger.info(f'query = {db.session.query(Post).all()}')
    return Response(status=200)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    posts = db.session.query(Post).all()
    return render_template('index.html', posts=posts)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability.
Answer: respond
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import time
import platform

from hashlib import md5

import dotenv
from dotenv import dotenv_values
from urllib.request import getproxies


logs = ''


def md5_crypto(passwd: str) -> str:
    return md5(passwd.encode('utf8')).hexdigest()


def show_info(tip, info):
    return "{}: {}".format(tip, info)


def system_info():
    w_log(show_info("系统及版本信息", platform.platform()))
    w_log(show_info('系统版本号', platform.version()))
    w_log(show_info('系统名称', platform.system()))
    w_log(show_info('系统位数', platform.architecture()))
    w_log(show_info('计算机类型', platform.machine()))
    w_log(show_info('处理器类型', platform.processor()))
    w_log(show_info('Python版本', str(platform.python_version()) + ' ' + str(platform.python_build())))
    if getproxies():
        w_log(show_info('系统代理', getproxies()))


def get_config() -> dict:
    config_path = dotenv.find_dotenv(filename='config.env')
    w_log('正在使用 ' + config_path + ' 作为配置文件')
    config = dotenv.dotenv_values(config_path)
    if not config:
        w_log('配置文件未配置，请编辑项目目录的.env文件。如文件不存在请自行创建')
        exit(1)
    passwd = config.get('MI_PASSWORD')
    if len(passwd) != 32:
        config['MI_PASSWORD'] = md5_crypto(passwd)
    if config.get('SIGN_IN').upper() in ('Y', 'YES'):
        config['SIGN_IN'] = True
    else:
        config['SIGN_IN'] = False
    return config
    

def w_log(text):
    global logs
    now_localtime = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
    logs += now_localtime + ' | ' + str(text) + '\n'
    print(now_localtime + ' | ' + str(text))


def s_log():
    logs_save= get_config().get('LOG_SAVE')
    if logs_save == 'Y':
        global logs
        folder = os.path.exists('./logs')
        if not folder:
            os.makedirs('./logs')
        now_localtime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime())
        fname = now_localtime + '.log'
        with open('./logs/' + fname, 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(logs)


def conf_check(config: dict):
    if not config.get('MI_ID'):
        w_log('小米账户 ID 未配置')
        return False
    if not config.get('MI_PASSWORD'):
        w_log('小米账户 密码 / MD5 未配置')
        return False
    if not config.get('USER_AGENT'):
        w_log('User-Agent 未配置')
        return False
    if not config.get('BOARD_ID'):
        w_log('测试类型 ID 未配置')
        return False
    w_log('config.env 已配置')
    return True

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: md5_crypto
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

# import various dependencies
import MySQLdb, sys, cgi, connection

print "Content-type: text/html\n"

The_Form = cgi.FieldStorage()
if The_Form:	
	columns = "(`date`"
	cells =  "(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
	
	for i in The_Form:
		columns += ", `" + i + "`"
		cells += ", '" + The_Form.getvalue(i) + "'"
		
	columns += ")"
	cells += ")"
		
	try:
		conn = MySQLdb.connect (host = connection.db_host,  user = connection.db_user, passwd = connection.db_pass, db = connection.db)
	except MySQLdb.Error, e:
		print "Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
		sys.exit (1)
	
	sql = "INSERT INTO `zombie_data`.`zombie_sim_outcomes` " + columns + " VALUES " + cells
		
	try:
		cursor = conn.cursor ()
		cursor.execute (sql)
		cursor.close ()
	except MySQLdb.Error, e:
		print "Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
		sys.exit (1)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  F) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# 员工列表(员工编号 部门编号 姓名 工资)
dict_employees = {
    1001: {"did": 9002, "name": "师父", "money": 60000},
    1002: {"did": 9001, "name": "孙悟空", "money": 50000},
    1003: {"did": 9002, "name": "猪八戒", "money": 20000},
    1004: {"did": 9001, "name": "沙僧", "money": 30000},
    1005: {"did": 9001, "name": "小白龙", "money": 15000},
}

# 部门列表
list_departments = [
    {"did": 9001, "title": "教学部"},
    {"did": 9002, "title": "销售部"},
    {"did": 9003, "title": "品保部"},
]

# 1. 打印所有员工信息,
# 格式：xx的员工编号是xx,部门编号是xx,月薪xx元.
for eid, emp in dict_employees.items():
    print(f"{emp['name']}的员工编号是{eid},部门编号是{emp['did']},月薪{emp['money']}元.")

# 2. 打印所有月薪大于2w的员工信息,
# 格式：xx的员工编号是xx,部门编号是xx,月薪xx元.
for eid, emp in dict_employees.items():
    if emp['money'] > 20000:
        print(f"{emp['name']}的员工编号是{eid},部门编号是{emp['did']},月薪{emp['money']}元.")

# 3. 在部门列表中查找编号最小的部门
min_value = list_departments[0]
for i in range(1, len(list_departments)):
    if min_value["did"] > list_departments[i]["did"]:
        min_value = list_departments[i]
print(min_value)

# 4. 根据部门编号对部门列表升序排列
# (1)取
for r in range(len(list_departments) - 1):
    # (2)比
    for c in range(r + 1, len(list_departments)):
        # (3) 发现更小
        if list_departments[r]["did"] > list_departments[c]["did"]:
            # (4) 交换
            list_departments[r], list_departments[c] = list_departments[c], list_departments[r]
print(list_departments)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  F) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
'''
Script Name:    encryption_decryption.py
Path:            \IPS_DecisionFabric\Control Framework\
Description:    This script encrypts the provided password and writes it to the config_file.txt
Author:	        Harshita Rai
Revision History:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S.No.            Date(MM/DD/YY)        Changed By               Change Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.                07/16/2019            H Rai                Initial Version (IPS Decision Fabric v1.1.1)
2.                                      Y Suryawanshi        Standardized to PEP8

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'''

try:
    import base64
    import os
    import hashlib
    from Crypto import Random
    from Crypto.Cipher import AES
except Exception as IE:
    print("Unable to import all modules in", __file__, IE)


class AESCipher(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.bs = 32
        key_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.pardir))
        key_path += '\\Control Framework\\key.txt'
        with open(key_path, 'rb') as f:
            self.key = f.read()

    def encrypt(self, raw):
        raw = self._pad(raw)
        iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
        cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
        password = base64.b64encode(iv + cipher.encrypt(raw.encode('utf-8')))
        config_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.pardir))
        config_path += '\\config_file.txt'
        with open(config_path, 'a+') as f:
            f.write('\ndb_password~'+str(password.decode('utf-8')))
        return

    def decrypt(self, enc):
        # enc = enc.decode('utf-8')
        enc = base64.b64decode(enc)
        iv = enc[:AES.block_size]
        cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
        return self._unpad(cipher.decrypt(enc[AES.block_size:])).decode('utf-8')

    def _pad(self, s):
        return s + (self.bs - len(s) % self.bs) * chr(self.bs - len(s) % self.bs)

    @staticmethod
    def _unpad(s):
        return(s[:-ord(s[len(s)-1:])])
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) _unpad
  B) _pad
  C) encrypt
  D) decrypt
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
'''
Script Name:    encryption_decryption.py
Path:            \IPS_DecisionFabric\Control Framework\
Description:    This script encrypts the provided password and writes it to the config_file.txt
Author:	        Harshita Rai
Revision History:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S.No.            Date(MM/DD/YY)        Changed By               Change Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.                07/16/2019            H Rai                Initial Version (IPS Decision Fabric v1.1.1)
2.                                      Y Suryawanshi        Standardized to PEP8

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'''

try:
    import base64
    import os
    import hashlib
    from Crypto import Random
    from Crypto.Cipher import AES
except Exception as IE:
    print("Unable to import all modules in", __file__, IE)


class AESCipher(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.bs = 32
        key_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.pardir))
        key_path += '\\Control Framework\\key.txt'
        with open(key_path, 'rb') as f:
            self.key = f.read()

    def encrypt(self, raw):
        raw = self._pad(raw)
        iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
        cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
        password = base64.b64encode(iv + cipher.encrypt(raw.encode('utf-8')))
        config_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.pardir))
        config_path += '\\config_file.txt'
        with open(config_path, 'a+') as f:
            f.write('\ndb_password~'+str(password.decode('utf-8')))
        return

    def decrypt(self, enc):
        # enc = enc.decode('utf-8')
        enc = base64.b64decode(enc)
        iv = enc[:AES.block_size]
        cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
        return self._unpad(cipher.decrypt(enc[AES.block_size:])).decode('utf-8')

    def _pad(self, s):
        return s + (self.bs - len(s) % self.bs) * chr(self.bs - len(s) % self.bs)

    @staticmethod
    def _unpad(s):
        return(s[:-ord(s[len(s)-1:])])
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: encrypt
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re
import requests
import urllib3
import json

# 忽略警告
urllib3.disable_warnings()


def get_one_page(url, headers):
    """
    判断页面是否能正常访问，并得到页面转换成文本格式的内容
    :param url: 页面URL地址
    :param headers: 请求头
    :return: 页面转换成文本的内容
    """
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            return response.text
        else:
            return None
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        return None


def get_video_info(html_text):
    """
    获取需要的电影信息，保存为一个字典，并构造成生成器
    :param html_text: 单个页面的文本内容
    :return: 
    """
    try:
        pattern = re.compile('<dd>.*?>(?P<index>\d+)<.*?data-src="(?P<imglink>.*?)".*?data-val.*?">(?P<name>.*?)<.*?'
                             'star">(?P<star>.*?)<.*?releasetime">(?P<releasetime>.*?)<.*?'
                             'integer">(?P<x>.*?)<.*?fraction">(?P<y>.*?)<.*?</dd>', re.S)
        item = re.findall(pattern, html_text)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    else:
        for i in item:
            yield {
                "序号": i[0],
                "电影名": i[2],
                "主演": i[3].strip()[3:],
                "上映时间": i[4][5:],
                "评分": i[5]+i[6],
                "图像链接": i[1],
             }


def save_as_file(data):
    """
    将数据写入文件
    :param data: 单条电影信息
    :return: 
    """
    with open("movie_info.txt", "a+", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        info = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False)  # 不以ascii码方式显示
        f.write(info + "\n")


def main(n):
    """
    主函数，负责整个脚本的逻辑
    :param n: 要获取的的页数
    :return: 
    """
    url = "http://maoyan.com/board/4?offset=" + str((n-1)*10)
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36",
        "Referer": "http://maoyan.com/board",
    }
    html_text = get_one_page(url, headers)
    for i in get_video_info(html_text):
        print(i)
        save_as_file(i)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(1, 11):
        main(i)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) save_as_file
  B) get_video_info
  C) get_one_page
  D) main
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import argparse
import os
import requests
import shutil
import sys
import zipfile

ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-a", "--auth-file", required=True,
                help="Path to file containing authentication information.")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

username_password_path = args["auth_file"]
DATADIVR_ZIP_PATH = os.path.realpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd()), "datadivr.zip"))
DATADIVR_PATH = os.path.realpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))

try:
    with open(username_password_path, 'r') as file:
        lines = file.readlines()
        username = lines[0][:-1]
        print(username)
        password = lines[1][:-1]
        print(password)
except Exception as e:
    print("An error occurred! Please make sure authentication file exists and is in this directory.")
    print(e)
    sys.exit()


url = 'http://asimov.westeurope.cloudapp.azure.com:8080/datadivr/DataDiVR.zip'
print("Downloading from ", url)

r = requests.get(url, auth=(username,password))
print("Download done! Writing zipfile to disk.")

with open(DATADIVR_ZIP_PATH, 'wb') as file:
    for chunk in r.iter_content():
        file.write(chunk)
print("File written! Unzipping and writing to %s." % DATADIVR_PATH)

with zipfile.ZipFile(DATADIVR_ZIP_PATH, 'r') as zip_ref:
    zip_ref.extractall(DATADIVR_PATH)

os.remove(DATADIVR_ZIP_PATH)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: D