OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import re
import random
import common
import argparse
import sys

def gen_lst(dir, clas, testc, trainc):
    dir = os.path.expanduser(dir)
    images = common.get_images(dir)
    c = 0
    with open(os.path.join(dir, 'lst_train.lst'), 'w') as train:
        with open(os.path.join(dir, 'lst_test.lst'), 'w') as test:
            with open(os.path.join(dir, 'lst_valid.lst'), 'w') as valid:
                for image in images:
                    name = os.path.basename(image)
                    c, x, age, gender = name.replace('.', '_').split('_')[:4]
                    c = int(c) * 10000000
                    if clas == 'age':
                        out = str(c) + '\t' + age + '\t' + name
                    else:
                        if gender.lower() == 'm':
                            gender = '0'
                        elif gender.lower() == 'f':
                            gender = '1'
                        else:
                            raise Exception()
                        out = str(c) + '\t' + gender + '\t' + name
                    c += 1
                    r = random.uniform(0, 1);
                    if r < testc:
                        f = test
                    elif r < testc + trainc:
                        f = train
                    else:
                        f = valid
                    f.write(out + '\n')


def parse_arguments(argv):
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

    parser.add_argument('dir', type=str, help='dir')
    parser.add_argument('clas', type=str, help='age or sex')
    parser.add_argument('testc', type=float, help='test fraction')
    parser.add_argument('trainc', type=float, help='trainc fraction')
    return parser.parse_args(argv)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    argv = parse_arguments(sys.argv[1:])
    gen_lst(argv.dir, argv.clas, argv.testc, argv.trainc)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) parse_arguments
  B) gen_lst
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Django support for Tranquil"""

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotAllowed, HttpResponseBadRequest
import json
from tranquil.request import process_request

def context_class_to_view(context_class):

    def view_function(request):
        if request.method != 'POST':
            return HttpResponseNotAllowed(['POST'])

        content_type = request.META.get('CONTENT_TYPE').split(';')[0]
        if content_type != 'application/json':
            return HttpResponseBadRequest("bad content-type %s" % content_type)
        try:
            request_data = json.load(request)
        except ValueError as e:
            return HttpResponseBadRequest(str(e))

        context = context_class(request)
        response_data = process_request(request_data, context)

        return HttpResponse(
            json.dumps(response_data),
            content_type="application/json",
        )

    return view_function 

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  B) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  D) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  E) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  F) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Django support for Tranquil"""

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotAllowed, HttpResponseBadRequest
import json
from tranquil.request import process_request

def context_class_to_view(context_class):

    def view_function(request):
        if request.method != 'POST':
            return HttpResponseNotAllowed(['POST'])

        content_type = request.META.get('CONTENT_TYPE').split(';')[0]
        if content_type != 'application/json':
            return HttpResponseBadRequest("bad content-type %s" % content_type)
        try:
            request_data = json.load(request)
        except ValueError as e:
            return HttpResponseBadRequest(str(e))

        context = context_class(request)
        response_data = process_request(request_data, context)

        return HttpResponse(
            json.dumps(response_data),
            content_type="application/json",
        )

    return view_function 

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: view_function
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests

IMAGE_FORMATS = ("image/png", "image/jpeg", "image/jpg", "image/webp")


class UrlUtils:
    """ Helper class for URLs """

    @staticmethod
    def is_imgur_url(url):
        """ Returns true, if an image url is an IMGUR image or album """
        return "imgur.com" in url

    @staticmethod
    def is_image_url(url):
        """ Returns true if the url is to an image file """
        try:
            r = requests.head(url)
            if r.headers.get("content-type") in IMAGE_FORMATS:
                return True
        except requests.exceptions.MissingSchema:
            print("Missing Schema Exception")
        return False

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  B) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  C) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  D) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  E) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  F) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect, url_for
import requests


API_KEY = 'YOUR TRANSPORT API API_KEY HERE'
APP_ID = 'YOUR TRANSPORT API APP_ID HERE'

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/hello",methods=["GET"])
def hello():
    return "hello from us"

@app.route("/",methods=["GET"])
def home():
    post_code = request.args.get('postcode', 'NW5 1TL')
    postcode_result = requests.get(f'http://api.postcodes.io/postcodes/{post_code}').json()
    latitude = postcode_result['result']['latitude']
    longitude = postcode_result['result']['longitude']
    transport_params = {'lat': latitude, 'lon': longitude, 'type': 'bus_stop', 'api_key': API_KEY, 'app_id': APP_ID}
    transport_result = requests.get('http://transportapi.com/v3/uk/places.json', params=transport_params)
    first_two_busstops = transport_result.json()['member'][0:2]
    busstops = []

    for busstop in first_two_busstops:
        bsustop_time_url = f'http://transportapi.com/v3/uk/bus/stop/{busstop["atcocode"]}/live.json?api_key={API_KEY}&app_id={APP_ID}'
        busstop_times_result = requests.get(bsustop_time_url).json()

        buses = []
        bus_departures = busstop_times_result['departures']
        for departure in bus_departures.keys():
            busstop_times = {
                'busstop_name': busstop['name'],
                'bus_name': departure,
                'aimed_departure_time': bus_departures[departure][0]['aimed_departure_time']
            }
            busstops.append(busstop_times)
    
    return {'result': busstops}

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  B) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  C) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  F) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Answer: C,D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect, url_for
import requests


API_KEY = 'YOUR TRANSPORT API API_KEY HERE'
APP_ID = 'YOUR TRANSPORT API APP_ID HERE'

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/hello",methods=["GET"])
def hello():
    return "hello from us"

@app.route("/",methods=["GET"])
def home():
    post_code = request.args.get('postcode', 'NW5 1TL')
    postcode_result = requests.get(f'http://api.postcodes.io/postcodes/{post_code}').json()
    latitude = postcode_result['result']['latitude']
    longitude = postcode_result['result']['longitude']
    transport_params = {'lat': latitude, 'lon': longitude, 'type': 'bus_stop', 'api_key': API_KEY, 'app_id': APP_ID}
    transport_result = requests.get('http://transportapi.com/v3/uk/places.json', params=transport_params)
    first_two_busstops = transport_result.json()['member'][0:2]
    busstops = []

    for busstop in first_two_busstops:
        bsustop_time_url = f'http://transportapi.com/v3/uk/bus/stop/{busstop["atcocode"]}/live.json?api_key={API_KEY}&app_id={APP_ID}'
        busstop_times_result = requests.get(bsustop_time_url).json()

        buses = []
        bus_departures = busstop_times_result['departures']
        for departure in bus_departures.keys():
            busstop_times = {
                'busstop_name': busstop['name'],
                'bus_name': departure,
                'aimed_departure_time': bus_departures[departure][0]['aimed_departure_time']
            }
            busstops.append(busstop_times)
    
    return {'result': busstops}

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability?

  A) hello
  B) home
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect, url_for
import requests


API_KEY = 'YOUR TRANSPORT API API_KEY HERE'
APP_ID = 'YOUR TRANSPORT API APP_ID HERE'

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/hello",methods=["GET"])
def hello():
    return "hello from us"

@app.route("/",methods=["GET"])
def home():
    post_code = request.args.get('postcode', 'NW5 1TL')
    postcode_result = requests.get(f'http://api.postcodes.io/postcodes/{post_code}').json()
    latitude = postcode_result['result']['latitude']
    longitude = postcode_result['result']['longitude']
    transport_params = {'lat': latitude, 'lon': longitude, 'type': 'bus_stop', 'api_key': API_KEY, 'app_id': APP_ID}
    transport_result = requests.get('http://transportapi.com/v3/uk/places.json', params=transport_params)
    first_two_busstops = transport_result.json()['member'][0:2]
    busstops = []

    for busstop in first_two_busstops:
        bsustop_time_url = f'http://transportapi.com/v3/uk/bus/stop/{busstop["atcocode"]}/live.json?api_key={API_KEY}&app_id={APP_ID}'
        busstop_times_result = requests.get(bsustop_time_url).json()

        buses = []
        bus_departures = busstop_times_result['departures']
        for departure in bus_departures.keys():
            busstop_times = {
                'busstop_name': busstop['name'],
                'bus_name': departure,
                'aimed_departure_time': bus_departures[departure][0]['aimed_departure_time']
            }
            busstops.append(busstop_times)
    
    return {'result': busstops}

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: home
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from pathlib import Path
from zipfile import ZipFile
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from http.client import HTTPResponse
import tarfile

def extract_zip(doc_location: Path, file: Path):
    ZipFile(file).extractall(path=doc_location)
    file.unlink()

def extract_tars(doc_location: Path, file: Path):
    tar = tarfile.open(file)
    tar.extractall(path=doc_location)
    tar.close()
    file.unlink()

def get_mapping(mime_type):
    return {
        "application/pdf": "pdf",
        "application/zip": "zip",
        "text/html": "html",
        "text/plain": "txt"
    }.get(mime_type, "txt")


def get_extractor(file_extension):
    post_directives = {
        ".zip": extract_zip, 
	".tar": extract_tars,
        ".tar.gz": extract_tars
    }
    if file_extension in post_directives:
        return post_directives[file_extension]


def get_filename(connection: HTTPResponse):
    content_disposition = connection.getheader('Content-Disposition')
    if content_disposition is not None:
        # !!!! I have yet to find a server that returns this for a file download. I have not been able to test this on
        # a proper response. I have made mock responses to test this.
        # Based off of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition
        dispositions = content_disposition.strip().split("; ")
        for disposition in dispositions:
            if "=" in disposition:
                key, value = disposition.split("=")
                if key == 'filename':
                    return value
    # Will return '' if the path is '/path/to/something
    return Path(urlparse(connection.geturl()).path).name

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  D) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from ftplib import FTP_TLS
from ftplib import FTP
from infrastructure.sftp import SftpClient
from os import path
import paramiko


class FtpCommon:

    @staticmethod
    def get_ftp(host, username, password):
        ftp = FTP(host)
        resp = ftp.login(username, password)
        return ftp

    @staticmethod
    def get_ftp_tls(host, username, password):
        ftp_tls = FTP_TLS(host)
        ftp_tls.login(username, password)
        ftp_tls.prot_p()
        return ftp_tls

    @staticmethod
    def get_sftp_client(host, port, username, password, key_filename=None, banner_timeout=1000):
        client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        client.load_system_host_keys()
        client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        client.connect(
            hostname=host,
            port=port,
            username=username,
            password=password,
            banner_timeout=banner_timeout,
            key_filename=key_filename
        )
        sftp_client = client.open_sftp()
        return SftpClient(client, sftp_client)

    @staticmethod
    def get_file_datetime(file_name):
        base = path.basename(file_name)
        return base

    # Get today files using name pattern matching.
    @staticmethod
    def get_ftp_today_files(ftp_client, retailer):
        today_pattern = "{}*".format(retailer['name_pattern'])
        today_files = ftp_client.nlst(today_pattern)
        return today_files

    @staticmethod
    def get_sftp_today_files(sftp_client, retailer):
        today_pattern = "{0}".format(retailer['name_pattern'])
        listdir = sftp_client.listdir()
        today_files = []
        for item in listdir:
            if today_pattern in item:
                today_files.append(item)
        return today_files

    @staticmethod
    def download_ftp_file(ftp_client, file_name, local_directory):
        file_path = local_directory + file_name
        a_file = open(file_path, 'wb')
        ftp_client.retrbinary('RETR %s' % file_name, a_file.write)
        return file_path

    @staticmethod
    def download_sftp_file(sftp_client, file_name, local_directory):
        file_path = local_directory + file_name
        sftp_client.get(file_name, file_path)
        return file_path

    @staticmethod
    def move_file(sftp_client, file_path, dest_dir):
        file_path_to = dest_dir + file_path
        sftp_client.rename(file_path, file_path_to)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) get_ftp_tls
  B) get_ftp_today_files
  C) download_sftp_file
  D) get_sftp_client
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from ftplib import FTP_TLS
from ftplib import FTP
from infrastructure.sftp import SftpClient
from os import path
import paramiko


class FtpCommon:

    @staticmethod
    def get_ftp(host, username, password):
        ftp = FTP(host)
        resp = ftp.login(username, password)
        return ftp

    @staticmethod
    def get_ftp_tls(host, username, password):
        ftp_tls = FTP_TLS(host)
        ftp_tls.login(username, password)
        ftp_tls.prot_p()
        return ftp_tls

    @staticmethod
    def get_sftp_client(host, port, username, password, key_filename=None, banner_timeout=1000):
        client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        client.load_system_host_keys()
        client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        client.connect(
            hostname=host,
            port=port,
            username=username,
            password=password,
            banner_timeout=banner_timeout,
            key_filename=key_filename
        )
        sftp_client = client.open_sftp()
        return SftpClient(client, sftp_client)

    @staticmethod
    def get_file_datetime(file_name):
        base = path.basename(file_name)
        return base

    # Get today files using name pattern matching.
    @staticmethod
    def get_ftp_today_files(ftp_client, retailer):
        today_pattern = "{}*".format(retailer['name_pattern'])
        today_files = ftp_client.nlst(today_pattern)
        return today_files

    @staticmethod
    def get_sftp_today_files(sftp_client, retailer):
        today_pattern = "{0}".format(retailer['name_pattern'])
        listdir = sftp_client.listdir()
        today_files = []
        for item in listdir:
            if today_pattern in item:
                today_files.append(item)
        return today_files

    @staticmethod
    def download_ftp_file(ftp_client, file_name, local_directory):
        file_path = local_directory + file_name
        a_file = open(file_path, 'wb')
        ftp_client.retrbinary('RETR %s' % file_name, a_file.write)
        return file_path

    @staticmethod
    def download_sftp_file(sftp_client, file_name, local_directory):
        file_path = local_directory + file_name
        sftp_client.get(file_name, file_path)
        return file_path

    @staticmethod
    def move_file(sftp_client, file_path, dest_dir):
        file_path_to = dest_dir + file_path
        sftp_client.rename(file_path, file_path_to)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: get_sftp_client
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
''''''
from flask import request, redirect, render_template, url_for, flash
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user, login_required

from . import auth
from .forms import SigninForm, SignupForm
from ..models import User


@auth.route('/signin', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def signin():
    '''Sign in page'''
    form = SigninForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.objects.get(email=form.email.data)
        if user is not None and user.verify_password(form.password.data):
            login_user(user)
            return redirect(request.args.get("next") or url_for("main.home"))
        flash('Invalid username or password.')
    return render_template("signin.html", form=form)


@auth.route('/signup', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def signup():
    '''Sign up page'''
    form = SignupForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User()
        user.email = form.email.data
        user.password = form.password.data
        try:
            user.save()
            # TODO: here should be some email confirmation thing
            login_user(user)
            return redirect(url_for("main.home"))
        except:
            flash('smth not ok')

    return render_template("signup.html", form=form)


@auth.route('/signout', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def signout():
    '''Sign out page'''
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for("main.index"))

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) signin
  B) signup
  C) signout
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
''''''
from flask import request, redirect, render_template, url_for, flash
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user, login_required

from . import auth
from .forms import SigninForm, SignupForm
from ..models import User


@auth.route('/signin', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def signin():
    '''Sign in page'''
    form = SigninForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.objects.get(email=form.email.data)
        if user is not None and user.verify_password(form.password.data):
            login_user(user)
            return redirect(request.args.get("next") or url_for("main.home"))
        flash('Invalid username or password.')
    return render_template("signin.html", form=form)


@auth.route('/signup', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def signup():
    '''Sign up page'''
    form = SignupForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User()
        user.email = form.email.data
        user.password = form.password.data
        try:
            user.save()
            # TODO: here should be some email confirmation thing
            login_user(user)
            return redirect(url_for("main.home"))
        except:
            flash('smth not ok')

    return render_template("signup.html", form=form)


@auth.route('/signout', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def signout():
    '''Sign out page'''
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for("main.index"))

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: signin
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import pycurl
from io import BytesIO

class Curl:
    def __init__(self):
        self.curl = pycurl.Curl()
        self.curl.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0)   
        self.curl.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0)


    def perform(self, url):
        storage = BytesIO()
        self.curl.setopt(self.curl.WRITEFUNCTION, storage.write)
        self.curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url)
        self.curl.perform()
        contents = storage.getvalue().decode('UTF-8')
        storage.close()
        return contents

    def close(self):
        self.curl.close()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) close
  B) Curl
  C) __init__
  D) perform
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Script to upload secrets to AWS SSM Parameter Store and tag them appropriately
This script will read your secret value from the clipboard automagically
"""

import click
import pyperclip
from colorama import init, Fore

from upside.enforcer.upload.util import upload_secret, secret_key_pattern
from upside.enforcer.util.auth import session
from upside.enforcer.util.secret import Secret

init(autoreset=True)


def secret_key_pattern_check(ctx, param, value):
    try:
        return secret_key_pattern(value)
    except ValueError as e:
        print(Fore.RED + 'Incorrect secret key syntax: {}'.format(e))
        value = click.prompt(param.prompt)
    return secret_key_pattern_check(ctx, param, value)


@click.command()
@click.option('--profile', default=None, help='aws profile')
@click.option('--region', default=None, help='aws region name')
@click.option('-s',
              '--fq_secret_key',
              prompt='Fully Qualified Secret Key [/secret_directory/secret_name]',
              callback=secret_key_pattern_check,
              help='Fully qualified secret e.g /secret_directory/secret_name')
@click.option('-v', '--secret_value', prompt='Copy your secret value to the clipboard then press enter', default='', show_default=False, hide_input=False)
@click.option('-d', '--description', default='', help='secret description')
@click.option('-k', '--kms_key_id', default=None, help='alias of the AWS KMS Parameter Store Key used to encrypt secrets')
@click.option('-f', '--force', flag_value=True, help='skip confirmation prompt')
def upload(profile, region, fq_secret_key, secret_value, description, kms_key_id, force):
    client = session(profile, region).client('ssm')

    if not secret_value:
        secret_value = pyperclip.paste()

    print('\nRegion: ' + Fore.GREEN + (region or client.meta.region_name))

    if profile:
        print('Profile: ' + Fore.GREEN + profile)
    if kms_key_id:
        kms_key_id = 'alias/{}'.format(kms_key_id)
        print('AWS KMS: ' + Fore.GREEN + kms_key_id)
    print('Secret Key: ' + Fore.GREEN + fq_secret_key)
    print('Secret Description: ' + Fore.GREEN + description)
    print('Secret Value:')
    print(Fore.GREEN + secret_value + '\n')
    if not force:
        confirm = click.confirm('Does this look correct?')
    else:
        confirm = True

    if confirm:
        upload_secret(client, kms_key_id, Secret(key=fq_secret_key, value=secret_value, description=description))
        print(Fore.GREEN + 'Uploaded successfully!')

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: upload
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask, sys, os
import requests

app = flask.Flask(__name__)
counter = 12345672


@app.route('/<path:page>')
def custom_page(page):
    if page == 'favicon.ico': return ''
    global counter
    counter += 1
    try:
        template = open(page).read()
    except Exception as e:
        template = str(e)
    template += "\n<!-- page: %s, src: %s -->\n" % (page, __file__)
    return flask.render_template_string(template, name='test', counter=counter);

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return flask.redirect('/index.template');

if __name__ == '__main__':
    flag1 = 'FLAG: FIRST_FLAG_WASNT_HARD'
    with open('/flag') as f:
            flag2 = f.read()
    flag3 = requests.get('http://vault:8080/flag').text

    print "Ready set go!"
    sys.stdout.flush()
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) home
  B) custom_page
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask, sys, os
import requests

app = flask.Flask(__name__)
counter = 12345672


@app.route('/<path:page>')
def custom_page(page):
    if page == 'favicon.ico': return ''
    global counter
    counter += 1
    try:
        template = open(page).read()
    except Exception as e:
        template = str(e)
    template += "\n<!-- page: %s, src: %s -->\n" % (page, __file__)
    return flask.render_template_string(template, name='test', counter=counter);

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return flask.redirect('/index.template');

if __name__ == '__main__':
    flag1 = 'FLAG: FIRST_FLAG_WASNT_HARD'
    with open('/flag') as f:
            flag2 = f.read()
    flag3 = requests.get('http://vault:8080/flag').text

    print "Ready set go!"
    sys.stdout.flush()
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: custom_page
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask, sys, os
import requests

app = flask.Flask(__name__)
counter = 12345672


@app.route('/<path:page>')
def custom_page(page):
    if page == 'favicon.ico': return ''
    global counter
    counter += 1
    try:
        template = open(page).read()
    except Exception as e:
        template = str(e)
    template += "\n<!-- page: %s, src: %s -->\n" % (page, __file__)
    return flask.render_template_string(template, name='test', counter=counter);

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return flask.redirect('/index.template');

if __name__ == '__main__':
    flag1 = 'FLAG: FIRST_FLAG_WASNT_HARD'
    with open('/flag') as f:
            flag2 = f.read()
    flag3 = requests.get('http://vault:8080/flag').text

    print "Ready set go!"
    sys.stdout.flush()
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: custom_page
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask, sys, os
import requests

app = flask.Flask(__name__)
counter = 12345672


@app.route('/<path:page>')
def custom_page(page):
    if page == 'favicon.ico': return ''
    global counter
    counter += 1
    try:
        template = open(page).read()
    except Exception as e:
        template = str(e)
    template += "\n<!-- page: %s, src: %s -->\n" % (page, __file__)
    return flask.render_template_string(template, name='test', counter=counter);

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return flask.redirect('/index.template');

if __name__ == '__main__':
    flag1 = 'FLAG: FIRST_FLAG_WASNT_HARD'
    with open('/flag') as f:
            flag2 = f.read()
    flag3 = requests.get('http://vault:8080/flag').text

    print "Ready set go!"
    sys.stdout.flush()
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')` vulnerability.
Answer: custom_page
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import flask, sys, os
import requests

app = flask.Flask(__name__)
counter = 12345672


@app.route('/<path:page>')
def custom_page(page):
    if page == 'favicon.ico': return ''
    global counter
    counter += 1
    try:
        template = open(page).read()
    except Exception as e:
        template = str(e)
    template += "\n<!-- page: %s, src: %s -->\n" % (page, __file__)
    return flask.render_template_string(template, name='test', counter=counter);

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return flask.redirect('/index.template');

if __name__ == '__main__':
    flag1 = 'FLAG: FIRST_FLAG_WASNT_HARD'
    with open('/flag') as f:
            flag2 = f.read()
    flag3 = requests.get('http://vault:8080/flag').text

    print "Ready set go!"
    sys.stdout.flush()
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) home
  B) custom_page
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os,glob,shutil
def generate_hash(s,times=1):
    assert times>=1
    import hashlib
    m = hashlib.md5()
    def gen():
        m.update(s.encode('utf-8'))
        return m.hexdigest()[:10]
    for i in range(times):
        data=gen()
    return data
def makedirs_ifneeded(d):
    import os
    os.makedirs(d) if not os.path.exists(d) else None
def remakedirs_anyway(d):
    import os,shutil
    shutil.rmtree(d) if os.path.exists(d) else None
    os.makedirs(d)
def inrange(n,rg):
    if n>=rg[0] and n<= rg[1]:return True
    return False
def split_list(lis,uint_size):
    num=(len(lis)-1)//uint_size+1
    l_list=[]
    [l_list.append(lis[i*uint_size:(i+1)*uint_size]) if i<num-1 else l_list.append(lis[i*uint_size:]) for i in range(num)]
    return l_list
def render_template(s, *args, **kwargs):
    from jinja2 import Environment
    env = Environment()
    tem = env.from_string(s)
    return tem.render(*args, **kwargs)
def json_load(f,encoding='utf-8',*args,**kwargs):
    import json
    with open(f,'r',encoding=encoding) as fp:
        return json.load(fp,*args,**kwargs)
def json_dump(obj,fp,encoding='utf-8',*args,**kwargs):
    import json
    with open(fp,'w',encoding=encoding) as f:
        json.dump(obj,f,*args,**kwargs)
def load_config(fp,line_split='\n',pair_split='=',encoding="utf-8"):
    with open(fp,'r',encoding=encoding) as f:
        lines=f.read().strip().split(line_split)
        dic={}
        for line in lines:
            if line.strip().startswith('#'):continue
            line=line.strip()
            key,value=line.split(pair_split)
            key=key.strip()
            value=value.strip()
            dic[key]=value
        return dic

def get_time_formated(format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'):
    import time
    return time.strftime(format,time.localtime())




```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) remakedirs_anyway
  B) render_template
  C) load_config
  D) makedirs_ifneeded
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
This is the main program which contains
GET and POST methods
"""
import os
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from modules import Bot
from basic import log, user, message


APP = Flask(__name__)


@APP.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def verify():
    """
    This verifies Tokens and renders webpage
    """
    if request.args.get("hub.mode") == "subscribe"and request.args.get("hub.challenge"):
        if not request.args.get("hub.verify_token") == os.environ["VERIFY_TOKEN"]:
            return "Verification token mismatch", 403
        return request.args["hub.challenge"], 200

    return render_template('index.html'), 200


@APP.route('/privacypolicy', methods=['GET'])
def privacy_policy():
    """
    Our privacy policy
    """
    return render_template('privacypolicy.html'), 200


@APP.route('/', methods=['POST'])
def webhook():
    """
    Webhook is set here and message is extracted for processing
    """
    data = request.get_json()

    if data["object"] == "page":

        for entry in data["entry"]:
            for messaging_event in entry["messaging"]:

                if messaging_event.get("message"):

                    sender_id = messaging_event["sender"]["id"]
                    # recipient_id = messaging_event["recipient"]["id"]
                    message_text = messaging_event["message"]["text"]
                    nlp = messaging_event["message"]["nlp"]
                    entities = nlp["entities"]
                    log(entities)
                    execute(sender_id, entities, message_text)

    return "ok", 200


def execute(sender_id, entities, text):
    """
    Message is processed and reply is generated
    """
    user(sender_id)
    bot = Bot()
    responses = bot.handler(text, entities, sender_id)
    responses.append("Assistant is currently under development")
    log(responses)
    for reply in responses:
        message.text(sender_id, reply)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    APP.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  F) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Answer: A,C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
This is the main program which contains
GET and POST methods
"""
import os
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from modules import Bot
from basic import log, user, message


APP = Flask(__name__)


@APP.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def verify():
    """
    This verifies Tokens and renders webpage
    """
    if request.args.get("hub.mode") == "subscribe"and request.args.get("hub.challenge"):
        if not request.args.get("hub.verify_token") == os.environ["VERIFY_TOKEN"]:
            return "Verification token mismatch", 403
        return request.args["hub.challenge"], 200

    return render_template('index.html'), 200


@APP.route('/privacypolicy', methods=['GET'])
def privacy_policy():
    """
    Our privacy policy
    """
    return render_template('privacypolicy.html'), 200


@APP.route('/', methods=['POST'])
def webhook():
    """
    Webhook is set here and message is extracted for processing
    """
    data = request.get_json()

    if data["object"] == "page":

        for entry in data["entry"]:
            for messaging_event in entry["messaging"]:

                if messaging_event.get("message"):

                    sender_id = messaging_event["sender"]["id"]
                    # recipient_id = messaging_event["recipient"]["id"]
                    message_text = messaging_event["message"]["text"]
                    nlp = messaging_event["message"]["nlp"]
                    entities = nlp["entities"]
                    log(entities)
                    execute(sender_id, entities, message_text)

    return "ok", 200


def execute(sender_id, entities, text):
    """
    Message is processed and reply is generated
    """
    user(sender_id)
    bot = Bot()
    responses = bot.handler(text, entities, sender_id)
    responses.append("Assistant is currently under development")
    log(responses)
    for reply in responses:
        message.text(sender_id, reply)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    APP.run(debug=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: verify