OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
import BaseHTTPServer
import SimpleHTTPServer
import socket
import ssl


def main():
    ssl_file = '/tmp/simple-https-ssl.pem'
    os.system('openssl req -new -x509 -keyout {F} -out {F} -days 365 -nodes -subj "/C=CN/ST=Hangzhou/L=China/CN=www.huijieapp.com"'.format(F=ssl_file))

    httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(

        ('0.0.0.0', 4443),
        SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
    )

    httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(
        httpd.socket,
        server_side=True,
        certfile=ssl_file
    )

    print "Start HTTPS"
    print "https://127.0.0.1:4443"

    httpd.serve_forever()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  B) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  C) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  D) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  E) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/local/bin/python

# Copyright Jon Berg, turtlemeat.com

import string,cgi,time
from os import curdir, sep
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer

class MyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

    def do_GET(self):
	print("doGet: path==" + self.path)
        try:
	    if self.path == "/":
		self.path = "index.html"
            if self.path.endswith(".html"):
                f = open(curdir + sep + self.path) #self.path has /test.html
#note that this potentially makes every file on your computer readable by the internet

                self.send_response(200)
                self.send_header('Content-type',	'text/html')
                self.end_headers()
                self.wfile.write(f.read())
                f.close()
                return
            if self.path.endswith(".esp"):   #our dynamic content
                self.send_response(200)
                self.send_header('Content-type',	'text/html')
                self.end_headers()
                self.wfile.write("hey, today is the " + str(time.localtime()[7]))
                self.wfile.write(" day in the year " + str(time.localtime()[0]))
                return
                
            return
                
        except IOError:
            self.send_error(404,'File Not Found: %s' % self.path)
     

    def do_POST(self):
        global rootnode
        try:
            ctype, pdict = cgi.parse_header(self.headers.getheader('content-type'))
            if ctype == 'multipart/form-data':
                query=cgi.parse_multipart(self.rfile, pdict)
            self.send_response(301)
            
            self.end_headers()
            upfilecontent = query.get('upfile')
            print("filecontent", upfilecontent[0])
            self.wfile.write("<HTML>POST OK.<BR><BR>");
            self.wfile.write(upfilecontent[0]);
            
        except :
            pass

def main():
    try:
        server = HTTPServer(('', 6666), MyHandler)
        print('started httpserver...')
        server.serve_forever()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print('^C received, shutting down server')
        server.socket.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) MyHandler
  B) do_GET
  C) main
  D) do_POST
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/local/bin/python

# Copyright Jon Berg, turtlemeat.com

import string,cgi,time
from os import curdir, sep
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer

class MyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

    def do_GET(self):
	print("doGet: path==" + self.path)
        try:
	    if self.path == "/":
		self.path = "index.html"
            if self.path.endswith(".html"):
                f = open(curdir + sep + self.path) #self.path has /test.html
#note that this potentially makes every file on your computer readable by the internet

                self.send_response(200)
                self.send_header('Content-type',	'text/html')
                self.end_headers()
                self.wfile.write(f.read())
                f.close()
                return
            if self.path.endswith(".esp"):   #our dynamic content
                self.send_response(200)
                self.send_header('Content-type',	'text/html')
                self.end_headers()
                self.wfile.write("hey, today is the " + str(time.localtime()[7]))
                self.wfile.write(" day in the year " + str(time.localtime()[0]))
                return
                
            return
                
        except IOError:
            self.send_error(404,'File Not Found: %s' % self.path)
     

    def do_POST(self):
        global rootnode
        try:
            ctype, pdict = cgi.parse_header(self.headers.getheader('content-type'))
            if ctype == 'multipart/form-data':
                query=cgi.parse_multipart(self.rfile, pdict)
            self.send_response(301)
            
            self.end_headers()
            upfilecontent = query.get('upfile')
            print("filecontent", upfilecontent[0])
            self.wfile.write("<HTML>POST OK.<BR><BR>");
            self.wfile.write(upfilecontent[0]);
            
        except :
            pass

def main():
    try:
        server = HTTPServer(('', 6666), MyHandler)
        print('started httpserver...')
        server.serve_forever()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print('^C received, shutting down server')
        server.socket.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: do_GET
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -- coding: utf-8 --

# ULL - Sistemas Inteligentes 2018/2019
#
# User class and functions to create, write and read users


USERS_DATA = "../Data/users.txt"
LAST_USER_ID = "../Data/last_user_id.txt"


class User:
    def __init__(self, uid, age = 30, height = 170, weight = 70, sex = "M", exercise_level = 0.5, goal = "maintain"):
        self.uid = uid
        self.age = age
        self.height = height
        self.weight = weight
        self.sex = sex
        self.exerciseFactor = self.exercise_factor(exercise_level)
        self.goal = goal

    def exercise_factor(self, exercise_level):
        if exercise_level < 0:
            exercise_level = 0
        elif exercise_level > 1:
            exercise_level = 1

        return 1.2 + 0.7 * exercise_level

    def standard_calories(self):
        if self.sex == "M":
            bmr = 10 * self.weight + 6.25 * self.height - 5 * self.age + 5
        else:
            bmr = 10 * self.weight + 6.25 * self.height - 5 * self.age - 161

        calories = bmr * self.exerciseFactor
        if calories / self.weight < 18:
            calories = self.weight * 18

        return calories

    def maintain_weight_calories(self):
        std = self.standard_calories()
        return (std * 0.8, std * 1.2)

    def lower_weight_calories(self):
        lower = self.standard_calories() * 0.8
        return (lower * 0.8, lower * 1.2)

    def calories_range(self):
        if self.goal == "lower":
            return self.lower_weight_calories()
        else:
            return self.maintain_weight_calories()


def read_user(uid):
    f = open(USERS_DATA, 'r')
    line = ['-1']
    while int(line[0]) != uid:
        line = f.readline().split()
    f.close()

    return User(int(line[0]), int(line[1]), int(line[2]), int(line[3]), line[4], (float(line[5]) - 1.2) / 0.7)


def create_user(age = 30, height = 170, weight = 70, sex = "M", exercise_level = 0.5, goal = "maintain"):
    f = open(LAST_USER_ID, 'r')
    uid = int(f.readline()) + 1
    f.close()

    f = open(LAST_USER_ID, 'w')
    f.write(str(uid))
    f.close()

    return User(uid, age, height, weight, sex, exercise_level, goal)


def write_user(user):
    f = open(USERS_DATA, 'r+')
    f.seek(0, 2) # End of the file
    f.write(str(user.uid) + " " + str(user.age) + " " + str(user.height) + " " + str(user.weight) + " " + user.sex
            + " " + str(user.exerciseFactor) + " " + user.goal + "\n")
    f.close()





########

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) write_user
  B) create_user
  C) calories_range
  D) maintain_weight_calories
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import base64
import hmac
import time

class Sign():
    def getSign(self,secret_key:str,msg:str) -> str:
       """
       生成鉴权签名串
       """
       msg_encoded = msg.encode()
       secret = str.encode(secret_key)
       sign = hmac.new(secret,msg_encoded,digestmod="sha256")
       sign = sign.hexdigest()
       sign = str.encode(sign)
       sign_encoded = base64.b64encode(sign)
       sign_encoded = sign_encoded.decode()
       return sign_encoded
    def getRequestURL(self,api_key:str,secret_key:str,command:str,api_url:str)-> str:
        """
        一键取得URL\n
        URL示例:"http://example.com/api?"
        """
        timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
        msg = "apikey=" + api_key + "&" + "command=" + command + "&" + "time=" + timestamp
        sign = self.getSign(secret_key=secret_key,msg=msg)
        msg = msg + "&" + "sign=" + sign
        url = api_url + msg
        return url

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) getSign
  B) getRequestURL
  C) Sign
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import base64
import hmac
import time

class Sign():
    def getSign(self,secret_key:str,msg:str) -> str:
       """
       生成鉴权签名串
       """
       msg_encoded = msg.encode()
       secret = str.encode(secret_key)
       sign = hmac.new(secret,msg_encoded,digestmod="sha256")
       sign = sign.hexdigest()
       sign = str.encode(sign)
       sign_encoded = base64.b64encode(sign)
       sign_encoded = sign_encoded.decode()
       return sign_encoded
    def getRequestURL(self,api_key:str,secret_key:str,command:str,api_url:str)-> str:
        """
        一键取得URL\n
        URL示例:"http://example.com/api?"
        """
        timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
        msg = "apikey=" + api_key + "&" + "command=" + command + "&" + "time=" + timestamp
        sign = self.getSign(secret_key=secret_key,msg=msg)
        msg = msg + "&" + "sign=" + sign
        url = api_url + msg
        return url

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: getSign
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""Provider for SemanticScholar

Author: G.J.J. van den Burg
License: See LICENSE file
Copyright: 2020, G.J.J. van den Burg

"""

import re
import bs4

from ._base import Provider
from ._info import Informer
from ..exceptions import URLResolutionError
from ..utils import get_page_with_retry


class SemanticScholarInformer(Informer):

    meta_date_key = "citation_publication_date"

    def _format_authors(self, soup_authors):
        return super()._format_authors(soup_authors, sep=" ", idx=-1)


class SemanticScholar(Provider):

    re_abs = (
        "https?:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org/paper/[A-Za-z0-9%\-]+/[0-9a-f]{40}"
    )
    re_pdf = "https?:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org/[0-9a-f]{4}/[0-9a-f]{36}.pdf"

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.informer = SemanticScholarInformer()

    def get_abs_pdf_urls(self, url):
        """ Get the pdf and abstract urls from a SemanticScholar url """
        if re.match(self.re_abs, url):
            abs_url = url
            pdf_url = self._get_pdf_url(abs_url)
        elif re.match(self.re_pdf, url):
            pdf_url = url
            remainder = pdf_url.split("/")[-1][: -len(".pdf")]
            first_four = pdf_url.split("/")[-2]
            paper_id = first_four + remainder
            abs_url = f"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/{paper_id}"
        else:
            raise URLResolutionError("SemanticScholar", url)
        return abs_url, pdf_url

    def _get_pdf_url(self, url):
        page = get_page_with_retry(url)
        soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(page, "html.parser")
        meta = soup.find_all("meta", {"name": "citation_pdf_url"})
        if not meta:
            raise URLResolutionError("SemanticScholar", url)
        return meta[0]["content"]

    def validate(src):
        return re.match(SemanticScholar.re_abs, src) or re.match(
            SemanticScholar.re_pdf, src
        )

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  C) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  D) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
3a. Retrieve a list of all the devices in NetBox. This will require authentication. 
As in the previous task, create your headers manually and pass them into your request. 
In order to perform the NetBox authentication, you should do the following:

import os
# Set the token based on the NETBOX_TOKEN environment variable
token = os.environ["NETBOX_TOKEN"]

Then add the following key to your HTTP Headers:

http_headers["Authorization"] = f"Token {token}"

From this returned data structure (the NetBox "/api/dcim/devices/"), 
print out all of the device "display_names". 
Note, the response.json() will contain a "results" key. 
This "results" key will refer to a list of dictionaries. 
These dictionaries will contain information about each one of the devices in NetBox.
"""

import os
import requests
from pprint import pprint

from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(category=InsecureRequestWarning)


if __name__=="__main__":

    url = "https://netbox.lasthop.io/api/dcim/devices"

    # Set the token based on the NETBOX_TOKEN environment variable
    token = os.environ["NETBOX_TOKEN"]

    http_headers = {}
    http_headers["accept"] = "application/json; version=2.4;"
    http_headers["Authorization"] = f"Token {token}"

    response = requests.get(url, headers=http_headers, verify=False)

    print("#" * 80)
    print("Printing the list of netbox inventory device names: ")
    print("#" * 80)

    response = response.json()['results']

    for device in response:
        print(device['display_name'])
    


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  B) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  E) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
                    #PASSWORD GENRATER

import os
import random
import time
# PLAY WITH COLOURS
#red='\033[1;91m'
#green='\033[1;92m'                                            yellow='\033[1;93m'
#blue='\033[1;94m'
#purple='\033[1;95m'
#cyan='\033[1;96m'
#white='\033[1;97m
os.system('clear')
os.system("echo")
print("\033[34m  ╔═╗╔═╗╔═╗╔═╗  ╔═╗╔═╗╔╗╔╦═╗╔═╗╔╦╗╔═╗╦═╗ ")
print("\033[34m  ╠═╝╠═╣╚═╗╚═╗  ║ ╦║╣ ║║║╠╦╝╠═╣ ║ ║╣ ╠╦╝ ")
print("\033[34m  ╩  ╩ ╩╚═╝╚═╝  ╚═╝╚═╝╝╚╝╩╚═╩ ╩ ╩ ╚═╝╩╚═ ")
print("\033[34m =================×××××××××===============")
time.sleep(1)
os.system("echo")
os.system(" echo -e \"\\033[1;91m  • Author Information •\" ")
os.system(" echo -e  \"\\033[1;91m  ×××××××××××××××××××× \" ")
os.system(" echo -e \"\\033[1;91m > Name    : SQL ASSKICKER \" ")
os.system(" echo -e \"\\033[1;91m > Github  : https://github.com/sqlasskicker \" ")
os.system(" echo -e \"\\033[1;91m > YouTube : C4PT4IN R34P3R \" ")
os.system(" echo -e \"\\033[1;91m > STAY TUNED :)\" ")
os.system(" echo -e \"\\033[1;91m  ×××××××××××××××××××××\" ")
os.system(" echo")
chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234657890#_*@&!£ ZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY"
password = ""
os.system("echo")
length =  int(input( "\033[34m [•] ENTER PASSWORD LENGTH : "))
os.system("echo")
os.system ("echo -e \"\\033[1;96m Generating Password  Please Wait.... \"")
time.sleep(3)
os.system("echo")
while len(password) != length:
    password = password + random.choice(chars)
    if len(password) == length:
        print(" \033[32m [•] Your  Password: %s " % password)
os.system("echo")
print(" \033[32m STAY SAFE & SECURE")
os.system("echo")

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  D) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  E) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  F) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from datetime import datetime
import requests
import time
import redis

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/collect')
def collect():
    try:
        start = datetime.utcnow()
        
        redis_host = "redis-service"
        redis_port = 6379
        channel_a = 'app-a'
        channel_b = 'app-b'

        r = redis.Redis(host=redis_host, port=redis_port)

        pooling_frequency_in_sec = get_frequency(r)

        pubsub_a = r.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
        pubsub_b = r.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
        pubsub_a.subscribe(channel_a)
        pubsub_b.subscribe(channel_b)
        

        a = None 
        b = None 

        while (a is None or b is None):
            if a is None:
                a = pubsub_a.get_message()
            if b is None:
                b = pubsub_b.get_message()
            
            if (a is None or b is None):
                print(f"Not all messages ready, sleeping for {pooling_frequency_in_sec}")
                time.sleep(pooling_frequency_in_sec)
            else:
                print(a)
                print(b)
    

        finish = datetime.utcnow()

        return {
            "metrics": {
                "start": start.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')[:-3],
                "finish": finish.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')[:-3],
                "difference": str (finish-start)
            },
            "A news":a['data'].decode("utf-8"),
            "B News": b['data'].decode("utf-8")
        }
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        return f"Error when trying to pull info from A or B: {e}", 500


def get_frequency(redis):
    freq = redis.get('app-g-frequency')
    return float(freq) if freq is not None else 1
            


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return 'working fine'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(port=5000, debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  B) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  C) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  D) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  F) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Answer: D,E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from datetime import datetime
import requests
import time
import redis

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/collect')
def collect():
    try:
        start = datetime.utcnow()
        
        redis_host = "redis-service"
        redis_port = 6379
        channel_a = 'app-a'
        channel_b = 'app-b'

        r = redis.Redis(host=redis_host, port=redis_port)

        pooling_frequency_in_sec = get_frequency(r)

        pubsub_a = r.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
        pubsub_b = r.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
        pubsub_a.subscribe(channel_a)
        pubsub_b.subscribe(channel_b)
        

        a = None 
        b = None 

        while (a is None or b is None):
            if a is None:
                a = pubsub_a.get_message()
            if b is None:
                b = pubsub_b.get_message()
            
            if (a is None or b is None):
                print(f"Not all messages ready, sleeping for {pooling_frequency_in_sec}")
                time.sleep(pooling_frequency_in_sec)
            else:
                print(a)
                print(b)
    

        finish = datetime.utcnow()

        return {
            "metrics": {
                "start": start.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')[:-3],
                "finish": finish.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')[:-3],
                "difference": str (finish-start)
            },
            "A news":a['data'].decode("utf-8"),
            "B News": b['data'].decode("utf-8")
        }
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        return f"Error when trying to pull info from A or B: {e}", 500


def get_frequency(redis):
    freq = redis.get('app-g-frequency')
    return float(freq) if freq is not None else 1
            


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return 'working fine'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(port=5000, debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) get_frequency
  B) collect
  C) index
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from datetime import datetime
import requests
import time
import redis

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/collect')
def collect():
    try:
        start = datetime.utcnow()
        
        redis_host = "redis-service"
        redis_port = 6379
        channel_a = 'app-a'
        channel_b = 'app-b'

        r = redis.Redis(host=redis_host, port=redis_port)

        pooling_frequency_in_sec = get_frequency(r)

        pubsub_a = r.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
        pubsub_b = r.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
        pubsub_a.subscribe(channel_a)
        pubsub_b.subscribe(channel_b)
        

        a = None 
        b = None 

        while (a is None or b is None):
            if a is None:
                a = pubsub_a.get_message()
            if b is None:
                b = pubsub_b.get_message()
            
            if (a is None or b is None):
                print(f"Not all messages ready, sleeping for {pooling_frequency_in_sec}")
                time.sleep(pooling_frequency_in_sec)
            else:
                print(a)
                print(b)
    

        finish = datetime.utcnow()

        return {
            "metrics": {
                "start": start.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')[:-3],
                "finish": finish.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')[:-3],
                "difference": str (finish-start)
            },
            "A news":a['data'].decode("utf-8"),
            "B News": b['data'].decode("utf-8")
        }
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        return f"Error when trying to pull info from A or B: {e}", 500


def get_frequency(redis):
    freq = redis.get('app-g-frequency')
    return float(freq) if freq is not None else 1
            


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return 'working fine'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(port=5000, debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: collect
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python -u

# $Id$

# based on:
# http://googleonlinesecurity.blogspot.com/2011/04/improving-ssl-certificate-security.html

from OpenSSL.SSL import WantReadError as SSL_WantReadError,SysCallError as SSL_SysCallError,Context as SSL_Context,SSLv23_METHOD,Connection as SSL_Connection
from sys import stdin, stdout, stderr, exit, argv
from socket import socket,has_ipv6,AF_INET,AF_INET6,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP,error as socket_error
from dns.resolver import query
from time import localtime,asctime

version = "$Rev$"

#### main stuff ####
if __name__ == '__main__':

  if len(argv) >= 2:
 
    host = argv[1]
    port = 443
    if len(argv) >= 3:
      port = int(argv[2])
 
    ctx = SSL_Context(SSLv23_METHOD)
    
    if (":" in host and has_ipv6 == True) or (len(argv) >= 4 and ":" in phost and has_ipv6 == True):
      proxy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM)
    else:
      proxy = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
  
    try:
      proxy.connect((host,port))
    except socket_error:
      proxy.close()
      exit("[-] problem connecting to "+str(host)+":"+str(port))

    ssl = SSL_Connection(ctx,proxy)
    ssl.setblocking(True)
    try:
      ssl.set_connect_state()
      ssl.do_handshake()
    except:
      exit(1)

    digest = ssl.get_peer_certificate().digest('sha1')
    proxy.close()

    checkcert = digest.replace(":","").lower()+".certs.googlednstest.com"
    try:
      response = query(checkcert,'TXT')
    except:
      exit(0)
    
    if not response:
      print "No response from the DNS for this cert"
      exit(0)

    ans = str(response[0]).replace("\"","").split(" ")
    print asctime(localtime(int(ans[0])*24*3600))
    print asctime(localtime(int(ans[1])*24*3600))
    print ans[2]

  else:
    stderr.write("usage: "+argv[0]+"\n")




```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  D) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  E) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  F) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
from typing import Any, List


class MutatorHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def __init__(
        self,
        target_url: str,
        mutators: List[Any],
        *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
    ) -> None:
        self.target_url = target_url
        self.mutators = mutators
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def do_HEAD(self, content_type: str = "text/html") -> None:
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header("Content-type", content_type)
        self.end_headers()

    def do_GET(self) -> None:
        url = urllib.parse.urljoin(self.target_url, self.path)
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
        content_type = response.headers.get("Content-type")
        data = response.read()

        self.do_HEAD(content_type)

        try:
            if "text/html" in content_type:
                mutated_data = self.apply_mutators(data)
                self.wfile.write(mutated_data)
            else:
                self.wfile.write(data)
        except BrokenPipeError:
            return

    def apply_mutators(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
        mutated_data = data
        for mutator in self.mutators:
            mutated_data = mutator(mutated_data)
        return mutated_data

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  B) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  C) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  F) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
from typing import Any, List


class MutatorHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def __init__(
        self,
        target_url: str,
        mutators: List[Any],
        *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
    ) -> None:
        self.target_url = target_url
        self.mutators = mutators
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def do_HEAD(self, content_type: str = "text/html") -> None:
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header("Content-type", content_type)
        self.end_headers()

    def do_GET(self) -> None:
        url = urllib.parse.urljoin(self.target_url, self.path)
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
        content_type = response.headers.get("Content-type")
        data = response.read()

        self.do_HEAD(content_type)

        try:
            if "text/html" in content_type:
                mutated_data = self.apply_mutators(data)
                self.wfile.write(mutated_data)
            else:
                self.wfile.write(data)
        except BrokenPipeError:
            return

    def apply_mutators(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
        mutated_data = data
        for mutator in self.mutators:
            mutated_data = mutator(mutated_data)
        return mutated_data

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability?

  A) apply_mutators
  B) do_GET
  C) do_HEAD
  D) MutatorHandler
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
from typing import Any, List


class MutatorHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def __init__(
        self,
        target_url: str,
        mutators: List[Any],
        *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
    ) -> None:
        self.target_url = target_url
        self.mutators = mutators
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def do_HEAD(self, content_type: str = "text/html") -> None:
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header("Content-type", content_type)
        self.end_headers()

    def do_GET(self) -> None:
        url = urllib.parse.urljoin(self.target_url, self.path)
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
        content_type = response.headers.get("Content-type")
        data = response.read()

        self.do_HEAD(content_type)

        try:
            if "text/html" in content_type:
                mutated_data = self.apply_mutators(data)
                self.wfile.write(mutated_data)
            else:
                self.wfile.write(data)
        except BrokenPipeError:
            return

    def apply_mutators(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
        mutated_data = data
        for mutator in self.mutators:
            mutated_data = mutator(mutated_data)
        return mutated_data

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)` vulnerability.
Answer: do_GET
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""module for a emoji based tokenizer"""

import re
from typing import Iterable, Optional, Any, Dict

import numpy as np
from sklearn.base import TransformerMixin

from . import output, TOutputType, TOutput


class EmojiTransformer(TransformerMixin):
    # match signatures, pylint: disable=unused-argument
    """extract all emojis"""
    emoji_pattern = re.compile("["
                               u"\U0001F600-\U0001F64F"  # emoticons
                               u"\U0001F300-\U0001F5FF"  # symbols & pictographs
                               u"\U0001F680-\U0001F6FF"  # transport & map symbols
                               u"\U0001F1E0-\U0001F1FF"  # flags (iOS)
                               "]+", flags=re.UNICODE)

    def __init__(self, output_type: TOutputType = dict) -> None:
        self._output_type = output_type

    def transform(self, X: Iterable[str], y: Optional[np.ndarray] = None, **transform_params: Any) -> Iterable[TOutput]:
        """
        :param X: list of text samples
        :param y: unused
        :param transform_params: unused
        :return: extracted emojis according to output type
        """
        return [self(x) for x in X]

    def fit(self, X: Iterable[str], y: Optional[np.ndarray] = None, **fit_params: Any) -> 'EmojiTransformer':
        """unused"""
        return self

    def get_params(self, deep: bool = False) -> Dict[str, TOutputType]:
        """Get parameters for this Transformer."""
        return dict(output_type=self._output_type)

    def set_params(self, **params: TOutputType) -> None:
        """Set parameters for this Transformer."""
        self._output_type = params.get('output_type', self._output_type)

    def __call__(self, doc: str) -> TOutput:
        """
        :param doc: the text sample to extract emojis for
        :return:
        """
        emojis = self.emoji_pattern.findall(doc)
        return output(self._output_type, emojis)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  B) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  C) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  D) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Blueprint, request, jsonify, render_template
from file_processing import read_file

lesson_6 = Blueprint('lesson_6', __name__)

@lesson_6.route('/get_file_content_based_on_request')
def get_file_content_based_on_request():
  request_type = request.content_type
  f = read_file()

  if (request_type == "application/json"):
    return jsonify(f)
  elif (request_type == "text/plain"):
    return f
  elif (request_type == "text/html"):
    return render_template(
      'lesson_4/with_params.html',
      args = f
    )
  else: 
    return f"Request type '{ request_type }' not supported!"

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  B) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  C) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  D) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  E) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  F) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Devoted to services which use web hooks. Plugins are identified via the
path being hit, which then delegates to the plugin to process.
"""
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
import threading

import logging as log

app = Flask("NebHookServer")


class NebHookServer(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, port):
        super(NebHookServer, self).__init__()
        self.port = port
        self.plugin_mappings = {
        #    plugin_key : plugin_instance
        }

        app.add_url_rule('/neb/<path:service>', '/neb/<path:service>',
                         self.do_POST, methods=["POST"])

    def set_plugin(self, key, plugin):
        log.info("Registering plugin %s for webhook on /neb/%s" % (plugin, key))
        self.plugin_mappings[key] = plugin

    def do_POST(self, service=""):
        log.debug("NebHookServer: Plugin=%s : Incoming request from %s",
                  service, request.remote_addr)
        if service.split("/")[0] not in self.plugin_mappings:
            return ("", 404, {})

        plugin = self.plugin_mappings[service.split("/")[0]]

        try:
            # tuple (body, status_code, headers)
            response = plugin.on_receive_webhook(
                request.url,
                request.get_data(),
                request.remote_addr,
                request.headers
            )
            if response:
                return response
            return ("", 200, {})
        except Exception as e:
            log.exception(e)
            return ("", 500, {})

    def notify_plugin(self, content):
        self.plugin.on_receive_github_push(content)

    def run(self):
        log.info("Running NebHookServer")
        app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=self.port)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  B) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  C) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  D) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  E) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  F) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Answer: C