OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Blueprint, render_template, redirect, session, url_for, flash, request 
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash

from author.models import Author
from author.forms import RegisterForm, LoginForm
from application import db

author_app = Blueprint('author_app', __name__)

@author_app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST']) # регистрация
def register():
    form = RegisterForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        hashed_password = generate_password_hash(form.password.data) # сохраним пароль в хешированном виде
        author = Author(
            form.full_name.data,
            form.email.data,
            hashed_password
        )
        db.session.add(author)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Подзравляем, Вы зарегестрировались! Можете войти на форум.')
        return redirect(url_for('author_app.login'))
    return render_template('author/register.html', form = form)
    

@author_app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    form = LoginForm()
    error = None

    if request.method == 'GET' and request.args.get('next'):
        session['next'] = request.args.get('next', None)

    if form.validate_on_submit():
        #return 'Logged in'
        author = Author.query.filter_by(email = form.email.data).first()
        session['id'] = author.id
        session['full_name'] = author.full_name
        if 'next' in session:
            next = session.get('next')
            session.pop('next')
            return redirect(next)
        else:        
            return redirect(url_for('blog_app.index'))

    return render_template('author/login.html', form=form, error=error)      

@author_app.route('/logout')
def logout():
    session.pop('id')
    session.pop('full_name')
    flash('Вы покинули форум. До новых встречь!')
    return redirect(url_for('author_app.login'))


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python

import cgi
import cgitb
import os
from http.cookies import SimpleCookie
from templates import login_page, secret_page, after_login_incorrect
import secret
# Create simple login form

form = cgi.FieldStorage()
username = form.getvalue("username")
password = form.getvalue("password")
#print("Content-type:text/html\r\n\r\n")
""" print("<html>")
print("<head>")
print("<title>Hello - Second CGI Program</title>")
print("/head")
print("<body>")
print("<p><b>Username</b> %s <b>password</b> %s</p>" % (username, password))
print("</body>")
print("</html>") """


form_ok = username == secret.username and password == secret.password
s = SimpleCookie(os.environ["HTTP_COOKIE"])
s_username = None
s_password = None
if s.get("username"):
    s_username = s.get("username").value
if s.get("password"):
    s_password = s.get("password").value

cookie_ok = s_username == secret.username and s_password == secret.password

if cookie_ok:
    username = s_username
    password = s_password

print("Content-Type: text/html")

if form_ok:
    print("Set-Cookie: username=asdc")
    print("Set-Cookie: password=2000")


if not username and not password:
    print(login_page())
elif username == secret.username and password == secret.password:

    print(secret_page(username, password))
else:

    print(after_login_incorrect())


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  C) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  D) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  E) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  F) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import hashlib
import pymysql
from app import r


def md5(data):
    '''
    md5加密
    :param data: 需要加密的数据
    :return: 返回加密后的数据
    '''
    res = hashlib.md5(data.encode(encoding='UTF-8')).hexdigest()
    return res


def connect_mysql(db, user_name,ip,port,passwd):
    '''
    连接数据库
    :param db: 数据库名字
    :param user_name: 用户名
    :param ip: 数据库ip，
    :param port: 端口号
    :param passwd: 用户密码
    :return: 返回用户名
    '''
    if ip:
        connect = pymysql.connect(ip, 'root', passwd, db, charset='utf8', port=int(port))
    else:
        connect = pymysql.connect('127.0.0.1', 'root', '7890', db, charset='utf8', port=33060)
    cursor = connect.cursor()
    print('连接mysql成功')
    sql = "select user_passwd from userinfo where user_name='%s'"%str(user_name)
    cursor.execute(sql)
    res = cursor.fetchone()
    cursor.close()
    connect.close()
    return res[0]


def parse_token(res):
    '''
    验证密码
    :param res:解析后的令牌数据
    :return: 返回登录状态
    '''
    message = {
        'code': '401'
    }
    user_name = res[0]
    if user_name:
        password = res[1]
        dbt = res[2]
        db_list = dbt.split(':')
        print(db_list)
        if len(db_list) > 1:
            ip = db_list[0]
            port = db_list[1]
            passwd = db_list[2]
            db = db_list[3]

        else:
            db = db_list[0]
            ip = None
            port = None
            passwd = None
        try:
            passwd = connect_mysql(db, user_name, ip=ip, port=port, passwd=passwd)
        except:
            message['code'] = '402'
            return message
        else:
            if password == passwd:
                message['code'] = '400'
                ti = int(res[3])
                if ti > 3600:
                    ti = 3600
                r.set(md5(user_name), 'true', ex=ti)
            else:
                message['code'] = '403'

    return message
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) connect_mysql
  B) md5
  C) parse_token
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import re
import os.path

args = sys.argv
file_name =  args[1]

#ファイルの読み込み
with open(file_name, "r") as f:  #　読み込み
    data = f.read()                # ひとまとまりのデータとして読み込む

# (fp_poly 任意の文字列 (layer F.Mask) 任意の文字列)改行があるかも)の繰り返し 改行)EOFとなっているので、
# このパターンを取得する
# re.DOTALLで複数行に対応させる .は改行にも使える
matchObj = re.search("(\(fp_poly.+\(layer F.Mask\).+\).*\))+.{0,1}\)$", data, flags=re.DOTALL)

# マッチしたとき
if matchObj:
    # print(matchObj.group()) # マッチした文字列： abc
    # print(matchObj.start()) # マッチした文字列の開始位置： 3
    # print(matchObj.end())   # マッチした文字列の終了位置： 6
    # print(matchObj.span())  # マッチした文字列の開始位置と終了位置： (3, 6)
    # print()
    # 置換
    result = data.replace("F.Mask", "F.Cu")

    # maskを後ろに追記(最後の)と改行はいらないので-2している)
    data = "{}{}".format(result[:-2], matchObj.group())
    # print(data)
else:
    print("書き換える項目が見つかりません")
    os.exit(1)

# pathと拡張子の取得
root, ext = os.path.splitext(file_name)
# 書き込み
new_file_name = "{}_and_cu{}".format(root,ext)
with open(new_file_name, "w") as f:
    f.write(data)

print("完了しました")

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  B) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  E) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  F) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*
import base64
import hashlib
import hmac
from datetime import datetime

class AliyunCredentialsProvider:
    """
    Python3.6+适用，根据阿里云的 accessKey,accessSecret,UID算出amqp连接使用的username和password
    UID是资源ownerID，一般是接入点第一段
    """

    ACCESS_FROM_USER: int = 0

    def __init__(self, access_key: str, access_secret: str, uid: int, security_token: str = None) -> None:
        self.accessKey = access_key
        self.accessSecret = access_secret
        self.UID = uid
        self.securityToken = security_token

    def get_username(self) -> str:
        ak = self.accessKey
        ret = base64.b64encode(f'{self.ACCESS_FROM_USER}:{self.UID}:{ak}'.encode())
        if self.securityToken:
            ret = f'{ret}:{self.securityToken}'
        return str(ret, 'UTF-8')

    def get_password(self) -> str:
        now = datetime.now()
        timestamp = int(now.timestamp() * 1000)
        key = bytes(str(timestamp), 'UTF-8')
        message = bytes(self.accessSecret, 'UTF-8')

        digester = hmac.new(key, message, hashlib.sha1)
        signature1: str = digester.hexdigest()
        signature1 = signature1.upper()

        ret = base64.b64encode(f'{signature1}:{timestamp}'.encode())
        passoword = str(ret, 'UTF-8')
        return passoword
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  B) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  E) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  F) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*
import base64
import hashlib
import hmac
from datetime import datetime

class AliyunCredentialsProvider:
    """
    Python3.6+适用，根据阿里云的 accessKey,accessSecret,UID算出amqp连接使用的username和password
    UID是资源ownerID，一般是接入点第一段
    """

    ACCESS_FROM_USER: int = 0

    def __init__(self, access_key: str, access_secret: str, uid: int, security_token: str = None) -> None:
        self.accessKey = access_key
        self.accessSecret = access_secret
        self.UID = uid
        self.securityToken = security_token

    def get_username(self) -> str:
        ak = self.accessKey
        ret = base64.b64encode(f'{self.ACCESS_FROM_USER}:{self.UID}:{ak}'.encode())
        if self.securityToken:
            ret = f'{ret}:{self.securityToken}'
        return str(ret, 'UTF-8')

    def get_password(self) -> str:
        now = datetime.now()
        timestamp = int(now.timestamp() * 1000)
        key = bytes(str(timestamp), 'UTF-8')
        message = bytes(self.accessSecret, 'UTF-8')

        digester = hmac.new(key, message, hashlib.sha1)
        signature1: str = digester.hexdigest()
        signature1 = signature1.upper()

        ret = base64.b64encode(f'{signature1}:{timestamp}'.encode())
        passoword = str(ret, 'UTF-8')
        return passoword
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) AliyunCredentialsProvider
  B) __init__
  C) get_password
  D) get_username
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import argparse
import configparser
import logging
import os
import sys

from sync import sync

DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH = "config.ini"


def ReadConfig(filename):
    """Reads and returns the ConfigParser instance."""
    config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
    config.read(
        os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)), filename))
    return config


def CommandSync(config, args):
    """Cleanup and do syncing of products."""
    sync.DoCleanupProcedure(config)
    sync.DoSyncProcedure(config)


def CommandReauthenticate(config, args):
    """Refresh authentication token."""
    DoLazadaResetAccessToken(config, args.token)


def CommandCleanup(config, args):
    """Cleanup dangling data."""
    sync.DoCleanupProcedure(config)


def CommandCheckConfig(config, args):
    """Check if auth config is still working."""
    logging.info(config.sections())
    oauth2_service = sync.Oauth2Service()
    with oauth2_service:
        lazada_oauth2_dict = oauth2_service.GetOauth2Tokens(sync._SYSTEM_LAZADA)
        logging.info(lazada_oauth2_dict)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

    # Command name to function mapping.
    COMMAND_LOOKUP = {
        "sync": CommandSync,
        "lzreauth": CommandReauthenticate,
        "cleanup": CommandCleanup,
        "chkconfig": CommandCheckConfig,
    }

    # Setup argument parser.
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Opencart-Lazada-Shopee syncing script.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "mode",
        choices=COMMAND_LOOKUP.keys(),
        action="store",
        help="OCLZSH syncing script mode",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--config",
        action="store",
        default=os.getenv("CONFIG_PATH", DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH),
        help="path of the config file",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--token",
        action="store",
        default="",
        help="token to use when reauthenticating to Lazada",
    )
    args = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[1:])

    # Setup config path.
    config = ReadConfig(args.config)

    # Invoke action based on matching mode.
    COMMAND_LOOKUP[args.mode](config, args)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: CommandCheckConfig
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from Crypto.Cipher import AES,ARC4
import datetime
from django.utils.encoding import smart_str, smart_unicode
import base64

"""
    Performs basic encryption services using the ARC4 algorithm.
    
    @author: bill shelton    
"""

def encrypt(key, data):
    """
    Encrypts data AND encodes it as a base64 string. The base64 encoding makes it easier to pass around in web apps.
    
    @param: key, The key used to encrypt the 2nd param, data
    @param: data, The data to encrypt
    """
    crypto = ARC4.new(key)
    cipher = crypto.encrypt(data)
    return base64.encodestring(cipher)

def decrypt(key,data):
    """
    Decrypts data.
    
    @param: key, The key used to decrypt the 2nd param, data
    @param: data, The base64 data to decrypt
    
    @requires: data is base64 encoded.
    """
    uncrypto = ARC4.new(key)
    cipher = base64.decodestring(data)
    return  uncrypto.decrypt(cipher)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  E) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  F) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests   # We use Python "requests" module to do HTTP GET query 
import json       # Import JSON encoder and decode module
from operator import itemgetter
from apicem_config import *    # APIC-EM IP is assigned in apicem_config.py

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()    # Remove this line if not using Python 3

l_list = []

url = "https://"+apicem_ip+"/api/v0/location"
resp= requests.get(url,verify=False)
response_json = resp.json()

for item in response_json["response"]:
    l_list.append({"location_id":item["id"],"location_name":item["locationName"]})
# Sorting the list of dictionary
location_list = sorted(l_list, key=itemgetter('location_name'))
                
# Assuming the first id in list is used

print ("Query location: ",location_list[4]["location_name"])
try:
    url = "https://"+apicem_ip+"/api/v0/location/"+location_list[4]["location_id"]+"/network-device/"
    r= requests.get(url,verify=False)
    response_json = r.json()
    print ("Status: ",r.status_code)
    print (json.dumps(response_json["response"],indent = 4))
except:
    print ("Something is fishy !")

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  F) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import sys
import json
import click
import socket
import struct

import OpenSSL
from OpenSSL import SSL, crypto


def encode_notification(token, notification):
    notification = json.dumps(notification, ensure_ascii=False).encode('utf-8')
    wire_format = "!BH32sH%ds" % len(notification)
    packed = struct.pack(
        wire_format,
        0,
        32,
        token.decode('hex'),
        len(notification),
        notification)
    return packed


def send(ctx, host, notification):
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.settimeout(5)
    connection = SSL.Connection(ctx, sock)
    connection.connect((host, 2195))
    connection.setblocking(1)

    try:
        connection.do_handshake()
    except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
        print "Timeout"
        sys.exit(1)

    expected = len(notification)
    sent = connection.send(notification)
    if sent < expected:
        print "Whoops, notification len=%d sent=%d\n" % (expected, sent)
    else:
        print "Looks like everything got sent!"


@click.command()
@click.argument('pem_file')
@click.argument('token')
@click.argument('message')
@click.option('--sandbox', '-s', default=False, is_flag=True)
def main(pem_file, token, message, sandbox):
    host = "gateway.push.apple.com" if not sandbox else "gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com"

    notification = encode_notification(
        token, {'aps': {'alert': message, 'sound': 'default'}}
    )

    with open(pem_file) as f:
        pem_file_data = f.read()

        ssl_ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.TLSv1_METHOD)
        cert = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, pem_file_data)
        pkey = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, pem_file_data)
        ssl_ctx.use_certificate(cert)
        ssl_ctx.use_privatekey(pkey)

        send(ssl_ctx, host, notification)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability?

  A) send
  B) encode_notification
  C) main
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import sys
import json
import click
import socket
import struct

import OpenSSL
from OpenSSL import SSL, crypto


def encode_notification(token, notification):
    notification = json.dumps(notification, ensure_ascii=False).encode('utf-8')
    wire_format = "!BH32sH%ds" % len(notification)
    packed = struct.pack(
        wire_format,
        0,
        32,
        token.decode('hex'),
        len(notification),
        notification)
    return packed


def send(ctx, host, notification):
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.settimeout(5)
    connection = SSL.Connection(ctx, sock)
    connection.connect((host, 2195))
    connection.setblocking(1)

    try:
        connection.do_handshake()
    except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
        print "Timeout"
        sys.exit(1)

    expected = len(notification)
    sent = connection.send(notification)
    if sent < expected:
        print "Whoops, notification len=%d sent=%d\n" % (expected, sent)
    else:
        print "Looks like everything got sent!"


@click.command()
@click.argument('pem_file')
@click.argument('token')
@click.argument('message')
@click.option('--sandbox', '-s', default=False, is_flag=True)
def main(pem_file, token, message, sandbox):
    host = "gateway.push.apple.com" if not sandbox else "gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com"

    notification = encode_notification(
        token, {'aps': {'alert': message, 'sound': 'default'}}
    )

    with open(pem_file) as f:
        pem_file_data = f.read()

        ssl_ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.TLSv1_METHOD)
        cert = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, pem_file_data)
        pkey = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, pem_file_data)
        ssl_ctx.use_certificate(cert)
        ssl_ctx.use_privatekey(pkey)

        send(ssl_ctx, host, notification)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: main
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template, request, redirect, url_for,flash
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user, login_required, current_user
from app.auth import auth
from app.models import User
from ..email import welcome_message
from .. import db
from .forms import RegistrationForm,LoginForm
from .. import main


@auth.route('/login', methods = ['GET','POST'])
def login():
    login_form = LoginForm()
    
    if login_form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username = login_form.username.data).first()
        
        if user != None and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data):
            login_user(user,login_form.remember.data)
            
            return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.index'))
        
        flash('Authentication Error!')
        
    title = "Login"
    return render_template('login.html', login_form = login_form, title=title)


@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for("main.index"))


@auth.route('/signup', methods = ["GET","POST"])
def signup():
    form = RegistrationForm()
    
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(
                    email = form.email.data,
                    username = form.username.data,
                    password = form.password.data
                )
        
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()

        welcome_message("Welcome to the Pitch Community!","email/welcome",user.email,user=user)
        
        return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    
    title = "Signup"
    return render_template('signup.html', form = form, title=title)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  B) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  C) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  F) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template, request, redirect, url_for,flash
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user, login_required, current_user
from app.auth import auth
from app.models import User
from ..email import welcome_message
from .. import db
from .forms import RegistrationForm,LoginForm
from .. import main


@auth.route('/login', methods = ['GET','POST'])
def login():
    login_form = LoginForm()
    
    if login_form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username = login_form.username.data).first()
        
        if user != None and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data):
            login_user(user,login_form.remember.data)
            
            return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.index'))
        
        flash('Authentication Error!')
        
    title = "Login"
    return render_template('login.html', login_form = login_form, title=title)


@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for("main.index"))


@auth.route('/signup', methods = ["GET","POST"])
def signup():
    form = RegistrationForm()
    
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(
                    email = form.email.data,
                    username = form.username.data,
                    password = form.password.data
                )
        
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()

        welcome_message("Welcome to the Pitch Community!","email/welcome",user.email,user=user)
        
        return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    
    title = "Signup"
    return render_template('signup.html', form = form, title=title)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) logout
  B) login
  C) signup
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template, request, redirect, url_for,flash
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user, login_required, current_user
from app.auth import auth
from app.models import User
from ..email import welcome_message
from .. import db
from .forms import RegistrationForm,LoginForm
from .. import main


@auth.route('/login', methods = ['GET','POST'])
def login():
    login_form = LoginForm()
    
    if login_form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username = login_form.username.data).first()
        
        if user != None and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data):
            login_user(user,login_form.remember.data)
            
            return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.index'))
        
        flash('Authentication Error!')
        
    title = "Login"
    return render_template('login.html', login_form = login_form, title=title)


@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for("main.index"))


@auth.route('/signup', methods = ["GET","POST"])
def signup():
    form = RegistrationForm()
    
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(
                    email = form.email.data,
                    username = form.username.data,
                    password = form.password.data
                )
        
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()

        welcome_message("Welcome to the Pitch Community!","email/welcome",user.email,user=user)
        
        return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    
    title = "Signup"
    return render_template('signup.html', form = form, title=title)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import requests
import ssl
import websocket


class Manager(object):
    def __init__(self, base_url, headers=None, ca_cert=None):
        self.base_url = base_url
        self.headers = headers if headers else {}
        self.ws_headers = [': '.join([key, value]) for key, value in self.headers.items()]
        self.ca_cert = ca_cert

    def k8s_watch(self, endpoint):
        # TODO: Get sslopt working with ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL
        ws = websocket.create_connection(
            '{}{}?watch=true'.format(self.base_url, endpoint),
            header=self.ws_headers, sslopt={'cert_reqs': ssl.CERT_NONE, 'ca_certs': self.ca_cert, 'check_hostname': False}
        )
        for message in ws:
            yield json.loads(message)

    def put(self, endpoint, data):
        return self._request(endpoint, data, requests.put)

    def post(self, endpoint, data):
        return self._request(endpoint, data, requests.post)

    def _request(self, endpoint, data, method=requests.post):
        return method(
            '{}{}'.format(self.base_url.replace('wss:', 'https:'), endpoint),
            json=data,
            headers=self.headers,
            verify=False
        )

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  B) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  F) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()

class Requester(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.headers = {
            "user-agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36",
            "accept" : "*/*",
            "accept-encoding" : "gzip, deflate",
            "accept-language" :"en-US,en;q=0.8"
        }

    def get_source(self,url):
        return self._request(url)


    def get_stream(self,url):
        return self._request(url,True)

    def get_type(self,url):
        try:
            r = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers,verify=False, timeout=2)
            c = r.headers["content-type"]
            return c.split(";")[0] if c else ""
        except:
            return ""


    def _request(self,url,stream=False):
        try:
            r = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers,verify=False,stream=stream,timeout=2)
            if r.status_code == 200:
                return r
            else:
                return False
        except:
            return False

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  B) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  C) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  D) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  E) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import os
import sys
import tarfile
import tempfile
import upload
import aptbranch


def load_json(filename, default=None):
    if not filename or filename == "--":
        return default
    else:
        with open(filename) as f:
            return json.load(f)


def do_upload(debs, debtar, branches_yaml, branch_name):
    uploads = load_json(debs, {})

    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as staging:
        if debtar:
            with tarfile.open(debtar) as tf:
                # this is not secure; luckily, we trust the source of this archive!
                tf.extractall(staging)
        resolved = {}
        for k, v in uploads.items():
            ref, path = v.split(":")
            if ref == "tar":
                path = os.path.join(staging, path)
            elif ref == "file":
                path = path.split("/",1)[1]
            else:
                raise Exception("unrecognized: %s" % ref)
            assert os.path.exists(path), "no such file: %s" % path
            resolved[k] = path

        upload.perform_uploads(resolved, aptbranch.Config(branches_yaml, branch_name))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    debs, debtar, branches_yaml, branch_name, new_version_cache, version_cache = sys.argv[1:]
    with open(branch_name, "r") as f:
        branch_name = f.read().strip()

    # update the version caches, so that we don't upload new builds as this version anymore
    with open(new_version_cache, "r") as r:
        jsobj = json.load(r)  # validate JSON, even though we could just pass it through unchecked
    with open(version_cache, "w") as w:
        json.dump(jsobj, w)

    do_upload(debs, debtar, branches_yaml, branch_name)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  D) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  E) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  F) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import os
import sys
import tarfile
import tempfile
import upload
import aptbranch


def load_json(filename, default=None):
    if not filename or filename == "--":
        return default
    else:
        with open(filename) as f:
            return json.load(f)


def do_upload(debs, debtar, branches_yaml, branch_name):
    uploads = load_json(debs, {})

    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as staging:
        if debtar:
            with tarfile.open(debtar) as tf:
                # this is not secure; luckily, we trust the source of this archive!
                tf.extractall(staging)
        resolved = {}
        for k, v in uploads.items():
            ref, path = v.split(":")
            if ref == "tar":
                path = os.path.join(staging, path)
            elif ref == "file":
                path = path.split("/",1)[1]
            else:
                raise Exception("unrecognized: %s" % ref)
            assert os.path.exists(path), "no such file: %s" % path
            resolved[k] = path

        upload.perform_uploads(resolved, aptbranch.Config(branches_yaml, branch_name))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    debs, debtar, branches_yaml, branch_name, new_version_cache, version_cache = sys.argv[1:]
    with open(branch_name, "r") as f:
        branch_name = f.read().strip()

    # update the version caches, so that we don't upload new builds as this version anymore
    with open(new_version_cache, "r") as r:
        jsobj = json.load(r)  # validate JSON, even though we could just pass it through unchecked
    with open(version_cache, "w") as w:
        json.dump(jsobj, w)

    do_upload(debs, debtar, branches_yaml, branch_name)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: do_upload
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Python filer functions
"""

# Jinja2 Template filter
try:
    from jinja2 import Template as jinja2_Template

    def jinja2_filter(text, context):
        "Filter blob through jinja2"
        return jinja2_Template(text).render(context)
except ImportError:
    pass

# Django Template filter
try:
    from django import template as django_template

    def django_template_filter(text, context):
        "Filter blob through Django templating engine"
        return django_template.Template(text).render(django_template.Context(context))
except ImportError:
    pass

# Generic Template filter
#  First try to use Jinja2, else Django
#  Will be undefined if neither exists
if 'jinja2_filter' in dir():
    generic_template_filter = jinja2_filter
elif 'django_template_filter' in dir():
    generic_template_filter = django_template_filter
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) django_template_filter
  B) jinja2_filter
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Python filer functions
"""

# Jinja2 Template filter
try:
    from jinja2 import Template as jinja2_Template

    def jinja2_filter(text, context):
        "Filter blob through jinja2"
        return jinja2_Template(text).render(context)
except ImportError:
    pass

# Django Template filter
try:
    from django import template as django_template

    def django_template_filter(text, context):
        "Filter blob through Django templating engine"
        return django_template.Template(text).render(django_template.Context(context))
except ImportError:
    pass

# Generic Template filter
#  First try to use Jinja2, else Django
#  Will be undefined if neither exists
if 'jinja2_filter' in dir():
    generic_template_filter = jinja2_filter
elif 'django_template_filter' in dir():
    generic_template_filter = django_template_filter
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: jinja2_filter
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from functools import wraps
from flask import request, redirect


def is_secure():
    return (request.is_secure or
            request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-Proto') == 'https' or
            request.headers.get('HTTPS') == 'on')


def _ssl_req(fn, action=None):
    @wraps(fn)
    def decorated_view(*args, **kwargs):
        if is_secure():
            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            return action()

    return decorated_view


def ssl_require(fn):
    """
    SSL Required annotation
    """
    def require():
        return "SSL Required", 426

    return _ssl_req(fn, action=require)


def ssl_redirect(fn):
    """
    SSL Redirect annotation
    """
    def upgrade():
        return redirect(request.url.replace("http://", "https://"))

    return _ssl_req(fn, action=upgrade)


__all__ = ["ssl_require", "ssl_redirect", ]

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  C) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  F) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
Answer: E