OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python


#----------------------------------------------------------
import hashlib

#--------------------------------#encript password#---------------------------------
#sha1------------------------------------------------------
def encrypt_password_sha1(password):
    encrypt=hashlib.sha1(password.encode())
    return encrypt.hexdigest()

#sha224-----------------------------------------------------
def encrypt_password_sha224(password):
    encrypt=hashlib.sha224(password.encode())
    return encrypt.hexdigest()

#sha384------------------------------------------------------
def encrypt_password_sha384(password):
    encrypt=hashlib.sha384(password.encode())
    return encrypt.hexdigest()

#sha256-------------------------------------------------------
def encrypt_password_sha256(password):
    encrypt=hashlib.sha256(password.encode())
    return encrypt.hexdigest()

#sha512-------------------------------------------------------
def encrypt_password_sha512(password):
    encrypt=hashlib.sha512(password.encode())
    return encrypt.hexdigest()

#md5----------------------------------------------------------
def encrypt_password_md5(password):
    encrypt=hashlib.md5(password.encode())
    return encrypt.hexdigest()


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  E) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  F) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import json

app = Flask(__name__)

columns = ['Age', 'Fare', 'FamilySize', 'IsMother', 'IsMale', 'Deck_A',
           'Deck_B', 'Deck_C', 'Deck_D', 'Deck_E', 'Deck_F', 'Deck_G', 'Deck_Z',
           'Pclass_1', 'Pclass_2', 'Pclass_3', 'Title_Lady', 'Title_Master',
           'Title_Miss', 'Title_Mr', 'Title_Mrs', 'Title_Officer', 'Title_Sir',
           'Fare_Bin_very_low', 'Fare_Bin_low', 'Fare_Bin_high',
           'Fare_Bin_very_high', 'Embarked_C', 'Embarked_Q', 'Embarked_S',
           'AgeState_Adult', 'AgeState_Child']


@app.route('/api', methods=['POST'])
def sayHello():
    data = request.get_json(force=True)
    name = data['name']
    return f"Hello {name}"


@app.route('/predict', methods=['POST'])
def predict():
    data = json.dumps(request.get_json(force=True))
    df = pd.read_json(data)
    px_ids = df['PassengerId'].ravel()
    actuals = df['Survived'].ravel()

    X = np.matrix(df[columns].astype('float'))

    name = data['name']
    return f"Hello {name}"


def run():
    app.run(port=10000, debug=True)
    print(f"Web server listening on port : 10000")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  B) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  C) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: B,E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import json

app = Flask(__name__)

columns = ['Age', 'Fare', 'FamilySize', 'IsMother', 'IsMale', 'Deck_A',
           'Deck_B', 'Deck_C', 'Deck_D', 'Deck_E', 'Deck_F', 'Deck_G', 'Deck_Z',
           'Pclass_1', 'Pclass_2', 'Pclass_3', 'Title_Lady', 'Title_Master',
           'Title_Miss', 'Title_Mr', 'Title_Mrs', 'Title_Officer', 'Title_Sir',
           'Fare_Bin_very_low', 'Fare_Bin_low', 'Fare_Bin_high',
           'Fare_Bin_very_high', 'Embarked_C', 'Embarked_Q', 'Embarked_S',
           'AgeState_Adult', 'AgeState_Child']


@app.route('/api', methods=['POST'])
def sayHello():
    data = request.get_json(force=True)
    name = data['name']
    return f"Hello {name}"


@app.route('/predict', methods=['POST'])
def predict():
    data = json.dumps(request.get_json(force=True))
    df = pd.read_json(data)
    px_ids = df['PassengerId'].ravel()
    actuals = df['Survived'].ravel()

    X = np.matrix(df[columns].astype('float'))

    name = data['name']
    return f"Hello {name}"


def run():
    app.run(port=10000, debug=True)
    print(f"Web server listening on port : 10000")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code` vulnerability?

  A) sayHello
  B) predict
  C) run
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import json

app = Flask(__name__)

columns = ['Age', 'Fare', 'FamilySize', 'IsMother', 'IsMale', 'Deck_A',
           'Deck_B', 'Deck_C', 'Deck_D', 'Deck_E', 'Deck_F', 'Deck_G', 'Deck_Z',
           'Pclass_1', 'Pclass_2', 'Pclass_3', 'Title_Lady', 'Title_Master',
           'Title_Miss', 'Title_Mr', 'Title_Mrs', 'Title_Officer', 'Title_Sir',
           'Fare_Bin_very_low', 'Fare_Bin_low', 'Fare_Bin_high',
           'Fare_Bin_very_high', 'Embarked_C', 'Embarked_Q', 'Embarked_S',
           'AgeState_Adult', 'AgeState_Child']


@app.route('/api', methods=['POST'])
def sayHello():
    data = request.get_json(force=True)
    name = data['name']
    return f"Hello {name}"


@app.route('/predict', methods=['POST'])
def predict():
    data = json.dumps(request.get_json(force=True))
    df = pd.read_json(data)
    px_ids = df['PassengerId'].ravel()
    actuals = df['Survived'].ravel()

    X = np.matrix(df[columns].astype('float'))

    name = data['name']
    return f"Hello {name}"


def run():
    app.run(port=10000, debug=True)
    print(f"Web server listening on port : 10000")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code` vulnerability.
Answer: run
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import random

def generatePassword(pwlength):

    alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

    passwords = [] 

    for i in pwlength:
        
        password = "" 
        for j in range(i):
            next_letter_index = random.randrange(len(alphabet))
            password = password + alphabet[next_letter_index]
        
        password = replaceWithNumber(password)
        password = replaceWithUppercaseLetter(password)
        
        passwords.append(password) 
    
    return passwords


def replaceWithNumber(pword):
    for i in range(random.randrange(1,3)):
        replace_index = random.randrange(len(pword)//2)
        pword = pword[0:replace_index] + str(random.randrange(10)) + pword[replace_index+1:]
        return pword


def replaceWithUppercaseLetter(pword):
    for i in range(random.randrange(1,3)):
        replace_index = random.randrange(len(pword)//2,len(pword))
        pword = pword[0:replace_index] + pword[replace_index].upper() + pword[replace_index+1:]
        return pword



def main():
    
    numPasswords = int(input("How many passwords do you want to generate? "))
    
    print("Generating " +str(numPasswords)+" passwords")
    
    passwordLengths = []

    print("Minimum length of password should be 3")

    for i in range(numPasswords):
        length = int(input("Enter the length of Password #" + str(i+1) + " "))
        if length<3:
            length = 3
        passwordLengths.append(length)
    
    
    Password = generatePassword(passwordLengths)

    for i in range(numPasswords):
        print ("Password #"+str(i+1)+" = " + Password[i])

main()
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) main
  B) replaceWithNumber
  C) generatePassword
  D) replaceWithUppercaseLetter
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import random

def generatePassword(pwlength):

    alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

    passwords = [] 

    for i in pwlength:
        
        password = "" 
        for j in range(i):
            next_letter_index = random.randrange(len(alphabet))
            password = password + alphabet[next_letter_index]
        
        password = replaceWithNumber(password)
        password = replaceWithUppercaseLetter(password)
        
        passwords.append(password) 
    
    return passwords


def replaceWithNumber(pword):
    for i in range(random.randrange(1,3)):
        replace_index = random.randrange(len(pword)//2)
        pword = pword[0:replace_index] + str(random.randrange(10)) + pword[replace_index+1:]
        return pword


def replaceWithUppercaseLetter(pword):
    for i in range(random.randrange(1,3)):
        replace_index = random.randrange(len(pword)//2,len(pword))
        pword = pword[0:replace_index] + pword[replace_index].upper() + pword[replace_index+1:]
        return pword



def main():
    
    numPasswords = int(input("How many passwords do you want to generate? "))
    
    print("Generating " +str(numPasswords)+" passwords")
    
    passwordLengths = []

    print("Minimum length of password should be 3")

    for i in range(numPasswords):
        length = int(input("Enter the length of Password #" + str(i+1) + " "))
        if length<3:
            length = 3
        passwordLengths.append(length)
    
    
    Password = generatePassword(passwordLengths)

    for i in range(numPasswords):
        print ("Password #"+str(i+1)+" = " + Password[i])

main()
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: main
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from app import app
from flask import render_template, jsonify, request, url_for, redirect, flash
from app.forms import loginForm
from app.datafile_functions import get_data
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user, current_user
from app.models import User
from werkzeug.urls import url_parse


@app.route('/index')
@app.route('/')
def index():
    filename = app.config['DATA_FILENAME']
    categories = get_data(filename)
    timestamp = categories.get("timestamp", 0)
    return render_template('index.html', title='Index',
                           categories=categories['categories'], timestamp=timestamp)


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))

    form = loginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
        if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
            flash('Invalid username or password', 'danger')
            return redirect(url_for('login', next='/admin'))
        login_user(user, remember=False)

        next_page = request.args.get('next')
        if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
            next_page = url_for('admin')
        return redirect(next_page)

    return render_template('login.html', title='Login', form=form)


@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('index'))


@app.route('/json', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def get_json():
    '''
    return jsonify data
    if it is a POST request it will return 403
    '''
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if current_user.is_anonymous:
            return jsonify(message='You must log in to do it'), 403

    filename = app.config['DATA_FILENAME']
    categories = get_data(filename)
    return jsonify(categories)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  B) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  C) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from app import app
from flask import render_template, jsonify, request, url_for, redirect, flash
from app.forms import loginForm
from app.datafile_functions import get_data
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user, current_user
from app.models import User
from werkzeug.urls import url_parse


@app.route('/index')
@app.route('/')
def index():
    filename = app.config['DATA_FILENAME']
    categories = get_data(filename)
    timestamp = categories.get("timestamp", 0)
    return render_template('index.html', title='Index',
                           categories=categories['categories'], timestamp=timestamp)


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))

    form = loginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
        if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
            flash('Invalid username or password', 'danger')
            return redirect(url_for('login', next='/admin'))
        login_user(user, remember=False)

        next_page = request.args.get('next')
        if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
            next_page = url_for('admin')
        return redirect(next_page)

    return render_template('login.html', title='Login', form=form)


@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('index'))


@app.route('/json', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def get_json():
    '''
    return jsonify data
    if it is a POST request it will return 403
    '''
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if current_user.is_anonymous:
            return jsonify(message='You must log in to do it'), 403

    filename = app.config['DATA_FILENAME']
    categories = get_data(filename)
    return jsonify(categories)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) logout
  B) get_json
  C) login
  D) index
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from app import app
from flask import render_template, jsonify, request, url_for, redirect, flash
from app.forms import loginForm
from app.datafile_functions import get_data
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user, current_user
from app.models import User
from werkzeug.urls import url_parse


@app.route('/index')
@app.route('/')
def index():
    filename = app.config['DATA_FILENAME']
    categories = get_data(filename)
    timestamp = categories.get("timestamp", 0)
    return render_template('index.html', title='Index',
                           categories=categories['categories'], timestamp=timestamp)


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))

    form = loginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
        if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
            flash('Invalid username or password', 'danger')
            return redirect(url_for('login', next='/admin'))
        login_user(user, remember=False)

        next_page = request.args.get('next')
        if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
            next_page = url_for('admin')
        return redirect(next_page)

    return render_template('login.html', title='Login', form=form)


@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('index'))


@app.route('/json', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def get_json():
    '''
    return jsonify data
    if it is a POST request it will return 403
    '''
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if current_user.is_anonymous:
            return jsonify(message='You must log in to do it'), 403

    filename = app.config['DATA_FILENAME']
    categories = get_data(filename)
    return jsonify(categories)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
@app.route("/index")
@app.route("/home")
def index():
    return render_template("landing.html")

@app.route("/about")
def about():
    return render_template('about.html')

@app.route("/contact")
def contact():
    return "This is contact page"


@app.route("/login")
def login():
    return render_template("login.html")


@app.route("/validate", methods=["POST"])
def login_handler():
    html = """<div><b>Username:</b>**userval**</div>\n<div><b>Password:</b>**passval**</div>"""
    return html.replace("**userval**", request.form["user"]).replace("**passval**", request.form["pass"])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  B) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  C) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  D) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  E) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  F) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Answer: A,B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
@app.route("/index")
@app.route("/home")
def index():
    return render_template("landing.html")

@app.route("/about")
def about():
    return render_template('about.html')

@app.route("/contact")
def contact():
    return "This is contact page"


@app.route("/login")
def login():
    return render_template("login.html")


@app.route("/validate", methods=["POST"])
def login_handler():
    html = """<div><b>Username:</b>**userval**</div>\n<div><b>Password:</b>**passval**</div>"""
    return html.replace("**userval**", request.form["user"]).replace("**passval**", request.form["pass"])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: login_handler
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template,request,redirect,url_for,abort,flash
from . import auth
from flask_login import login_user,logout_user,login_required,current_user
from ..models import Post,User
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
from .forms import LoginForm,RegistrationForm
from .. import db


@auth.route('/register', methods = ['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(username = form.username.data, email = form.email.data, password = form.password.data)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()

        mail_message = ("Welcome to PizzaHub","email/welcome_user",user.email)

        return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
        title = "New Account"
    return render_template('auth/register.html',form = form)

@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(email = form.email.data).first()
        if user is not None and user.verify_password(form.password.data):
            login_user(user,form.remember.data)
            return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.index'))

        flash('Invalid username or Password')

    title = "PIZZA-HUB login"
    return render_template('auth/login.html',form = form,title=title)


@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    flash('You have been successfully logged out')
    return redirect(url_for("main.index"))


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  F) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template,request,redirect,url_for,abort,flash
from . import auth
from flask_login import login_user,logout_user,login_required,current_user
from ..models import Post,User
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
from .forms import LoginForm,RegistrationForm
from .. import db


@auth.route('/register', methods = ['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(username = form.username.data, email = form.email.data, password = form.password.data)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()

        mail_message = ("Welcome to PizzaHub","email/welcome_user",user.email)

        return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
        title = "New Account"
    return render_template('auth/register.html',form = form)

@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(email = form.email.data).first()
        if user is not None and user.verify_password(form.password.data):
            login_user(user,form.remember.data)
            return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.index'))

        flash('Invalid username or Password')

    title = "PIZZA-HUB login"
    return render_template('auth/login.html',form = form,title=title)


@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    flash('You have been successfully logged out')
    return redirect(url_for("main.index"))


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) register
  B) logout
  C) login
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template,request,redirect,url_for,abort,flash
from . import auth
from flask_login import login_user,logout_user,login_required,current_user
from ..models import Post,User
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
from .forms import LoginForm,RegistrationForm
from .. import db


@auth.route('/register', methods = ['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(username = form.username.data, email = form.email.data, password = form.password.data)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()

        mail_message = ("Welcome to PizzaHub","email/welcome_user",user.email)

        return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
        title = "New Account"
    return render_template('auth/register.html',form = form)

@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(email = form.email.data).first()
        if user is not None and user.verify_password(form.password.data):
            login_user(user,form.remember.data)
            return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.index'))

        flash('Invalid username or Password')

    title = "PIZZA-HUB login"
    return render_template('auth/login.html',form = form,title=title)


@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    flash('You have been successfully logged out')
    return redirect(url_for("main.index"))


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#====================================================================
# PASSWORD MANAGER
# Author: Luca Mastroianni
# Description: Password Manager developed for my personal use.
# It reads and save data from a JSON dictionary. 
#
# LICENSE: MIT
#====================================================================

import os
import socket
import json

#============================
# ENTRY POINT

# STATES:
# -1 - WAIT
# 0 - MAIN COMMANDS
# 1 - FIND ENTRY
# 2 - NEW ENTRY
# 3 - BYE


def waitForInput():
	print("Wait for input...")
	sec = input()

current_state = 0
with open("./database.json") as f:
	database = json.load(f)
	while(1):
		os.system("cls")
		if current_state == 0:
			print(f'== PASSWORD MANAGER == {socket.gethostname()}')
			print(" ")
			print(f'-- WHAT CAN I DO FOR YOU ?')
			print(f'1. Find Entry')
			print(f'2. New Entry')
			print(f'3. Bye')
			print(" ")
			current_state = int(input("Command (ex. 1): ").strip())
		elif current_state == 1: # Find Entry
			entry = input("Research for... ")
			print(" ")
			if entry.strip().lower() in database:
				data = database[entry.strip().lower()]
				print(f'Entry Name: {entry}')
				print(f'Username: {data["username"]}')
				print(f'Password: {data["password"]}')
				print(" ")
			else:
				print(f'No entry found for {entry}!')
				print(" ")
			waitForInput()
			current_state = 0
		elif current_state == 2: # New Entry
			print("Add new data to the database.")
			key = input("Entry name: ")
			username = input("Username: ")
			password = input("Password: ")
			database[key.lower().strip()] = {"username": username, "password": password}
			with open("./database.json", "w") as json_file:
				json.dump(database, json_file)
				print(" ")
				print("Database Saved!")
				print(" ")
				waitForInput()
				current_state = 0
		elif current_state == 3:
			exit()
			break

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  B) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  E) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
import os, sys
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"
    
@app.route('/user/<username>')
def show_user_profile(username):
	return 'User %s\n' % username
	
@app.route("/square/<int:number>")
def squarenum(number):
     return number*number

@app.route('/upload', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def upload_file():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        f = request.files['file']
        f.save('./uploads/'+f.filename)
    return '',201
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True)

@app.route('/listfiles')
def listfiles():
    path = "./uploads/"
    dirs = os.listdir( path )
    f_str=""
    for name in dirs:
        f_str +=(str)(name)+"\n"
    return f_str

@app.route('/euler1')
def euler1():
  sum = 0
  for i in range (1, 1000):
    if i%3 or i%5:
      sum = sum + i
  result = str(sum)+"\n"
  return result

@app.route('/euler2')
def euler2():
  fib = 1
  fib2 = 2
  temp = 0
  total = 0

  while temp <=4000000:
    temp = fib2
    if temp % 2 == 0:
      total += temp
      temp = fib + fib2
      fib = fib2
      fib2 = temp
  
  result = str(total)+"\n"
  return result

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) euler1
  B) euler2
  C) show_user_profile
  D) upload_file
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
import os, sys
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"
    
@app.route('/user/<username>')
def show_user_profile(username):
	return 'User %s\n' % username
	
@app.route("/square/<int:number>")
def squarenum(number):
     return number*number

@app.route('/upload', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def upload_file():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        f = request.files['file']
        f.save('./uploads/'+f.filename)
    return '',201
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True)

@app.route('/listfiles')
def listfiles():
    path = "./uploads/"
    dirs = os.listdir( path )
    f_str=""
    for name in dirs:
        f_str +=(str)(name)+"\n"
    return f_str

@app.route('/euler1')
def euler1():
  sum = 0
  for i in range (1, 1000):
    if i%3 or i%5:
      sum = sum + i
  result = str(sum)+"\n"
  return result

@app.route('/euler2')
def euler2():
  fib = 1
  fib2 = 2
  temp = 0
  total = 0

  while temp <=4000000:
    temp = fib2
    if temp % 2 == 0:
      total += temp
      temp = fib + fib2
      fib = fib2
      fib2 = temp
  
  result = str(total)+"\n"
  return result

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: upload_file
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import http
import logging
import os

import mpld3
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, send_file
from indel_prediction.predictor.predict import plot_predictions as main

app = Flask(__name__)

model_path = "indel_prediction/predictor/model_output_10000_0.01000000_0.01000000_-0.607_theta.txt_cf0.txt"


@app.route('/ping', methods=['GET'])
def ping():
    return "The server is alive!", http.HTTPStatus.OK


@app.route('/api/profile', methods=['GET'])
def get_profile():
    """
    This endpoint returns a profile as a text file. It is created and saved automatically if the plot
    has been built before (via the `plot` endpoint) for a sequence and PAM index pair.
    If the plot has not been built, there is no profile file saved, so an error is raised.

    request body: {"seq": "SEQUENCE", "pam_idx": "NUMBER"}
    :return: {"plot": "plot data"}
    :return: {"error": "error message"}
    """
    data = request.args or request.get_json()
    seq = data.get("seq", "")
    pam_idx = data.get("pam_idx", "")
    if not (seq and pam_idx):
        return jsonify({'error': 'Target sequence or pam index not provided'}), http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST
    filename = '{0}_{1}.txt'.format(seq, pam_idx)
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        return send_file(filename, as_attachment=True)
    else:
        return jsonify({'error': 'Profile with those target sequence and pam index not found'}), http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST


@app.route('/plot', methods=['POST'])
def plot():
    """
    This endpoint returns a javascript code that is rendered in a browser as a profile plot
    for a particular pair of sequence and PAM index.

    request body: {"seq": "SEQUENCE", "pam_idx": "NUMBER"}
    :return: {"plot": "plot data"}
    :return: {"error": "error message"}
    """
    data = request.form or request.get_json()
    seq = data.get("seq", "")
    pam_idx = int(data.get("pam_idx", ""))
    if not (seq and pam_idx):
        return jsonify({'message': 'Empty request'}), http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST
    try:
        graph_html = mpld3.fig_to_html(main(model_path, seq, pam_idx),
                                       template_type="simple",
                                       figid="plot",
                                       no_extras=True)
    except Exception as e:
        logging.exception("Model error")
        return jsonify({"error": str(e)}), http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR

    return jsonify({"plot": graph_html})


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(port=5001)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) get_profile
  B) plot
  C) ping
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import http
import logging
import os

import mpld3
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, send_file
from indel_prediction.predictor.predict import plot_predictions as main

app = Flask(__name__)

model_path = "indel_prediction/predictor/model_output_10000_0.01000000_0.01000000_-0.607_theta.txt_cf0.txt"


@app.route('/ping', methods=['GET'])
def ping():
    return "The server is alive!", http.HTTPStatus.OK


@app.route('/api/profile', methods=['GET'])
def get_profile():
    """
    This endpoint returns a profile as a text file. It is created and saved automatically if the plot
    has been built before (via the `plot` endpoint) for a sequence and PAM index pair.
    If the plot has not been built, there is no profile file saved, so an error is raised.

    request body: {"seq": "SEQUENCE", "pam_idx": "NUMBER"}
    :return: {"plot": "plot data"}
    :return: {"error": "error message"}
    """
    data = request.args or request.get_json()
    seq = data.get("seq", "")
    pam_idx = data.get("pam_idx", "")
    if not (seq and pam_idx):
        return jsonify({'error': 'Target sequence or pam index not provided'}), http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST
    filename = '{0}_{1}.txt'.format(seq, pam_idx)
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        return send_file(filename, as_attachment=True)
    else:
        return jsonify({'error': 'Profile with those target sequence and pam index not found'}), http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST


@app.route('/plot', methods=['POST'])
def plot():
    """
    This endpoint returns a javascript code that is rendered in a browser as a profile plot
    for a particular pair of sequence and PAM index.

    request body: {"seq": "SEQUENCE", "pam_idx": "NUMBER"}
    :return: {"plot": "plot data"}
    :return: {"error": "error message"}
    """
    data = request.form or request.get_json()
    seq = data.get("seq", "")
    pam_idx = int(data.get("pam_idx", ""))
    if not (seq and pam_idx):
        return jsonify({'message': 'Empty request'}), http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST
    try:
        graph_html = mpld3.fig_to_html(main(model_path, seq, pam_idx),
                                       template_type="simple",
                                       figid="plot",
                                       no_extras=True)
    except Exception as e:
        logging.exception("Model error")
        return jsonify({"error": str(e)}), http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR

    return jsonify({"plot": graph_html})


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(port=5001)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: plot
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import http
import logging
import os

import mpld3
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, send_file
from indel_prediction.predictor.predict import plot_predictions as main

app = Flask(__name__)

model_path = "indel_prediction/predictor/model_output_10000_0.01000000_0.01000000_-0.607_theta.txt_cf0.txt"


@app.route('/ping', methods=['GET'])
def ping():
    return "The server is alive!", http.HTTPStatus.OK


@app.route('/api/profile', methods=['GET'])
def get_profile():
    """
    This endpoint returns a profile as a text file. It is created and saved automatically if the plot
    has been built before (via the `plot` endpoint) for a sequence and PAM index pair.
    If the plot has not been built, there is no profile file saved, so an error is raised.

    request body: {"seq": "SEQUENCE", "pam_idx": "NUMBER"}
    :return: {"plot": "plot data"}
    :return: {"error": "error message"}
    """
    data = request.args or request.get_json()
    seq = data.get("seq", "")
    pam_idx = data.get("pam_idx", "")
    if not (seq and pam_idx):
        return jsonify({'error': 'Target sequence or pam index not provided'}), http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST
    filename = '{0}_{1}.txt'.format(seq, pam_idx)
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        return send_file(filename, as_attachment=True)
    else:
        return jsonify({'error': 'Profile with those target sequence and pam index not found'}), http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST


@app.route('/plot', methods=['POST'])
def plot():
    """
    This endpoint returns a javascript code that is rendered in a browser as a profile plot
    for a particular pair of sequence and PAM index.

    request body: {"seq": "SEQUENCE", "pam_idx": "NUMBER"}
    :return: {"plot": "plot data"}
    :return: {"error": "error message"}
    """
    data = request.form or request.get_json()
    seq = data.get("seq", "")
    pam_idx = int(data.get("pam_idx", ""))
    if not (seq and pam_idx):
        return jsonify({'message': 'Empty request'}), http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST
    try:
        graph_html = mpld3.fig_to_html(main(model_path, seq, pam_idx),
                                       template_type="simple",
                                       figid="plot",
                                       no_extras=True)
    except Exception as e:
        logging.exception("Model error")
        return jsonify({"error": str(e)}), http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR

    return jsonify({"plot": graph_html})


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(port=5001)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) ping
  B) plot
  C) get_profile
Answer: C