OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import datetime

import requests
from flask import Flask, render_template
from flask_caching import Cache
from htmlmin.minify import html_minify

app = Flask(__name__)

cache = Cache(config={'CACHE_TYPE': 'simple'})
cache.init_app(app)


@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
@cache.cached(timeout=300)  # 1800 seconds == 30 minutes
def index():

    timestamp = datetime.datetime.now()

    # // TODO -- MAKE THIS ACCEPT ANY LAT LONG AS A INPUT
    # latitude and Longitude and  of the area
    # NYC KNYC central park weather station is Lat: 40.78°N Lon: 73.97°W
    # long is not negative here because "TOP" in the request accounts for this.

    # Fetching weather data
    # Hardcoding to the correct weather station
    weather_data = requests.get(
        f'https://api.weather.gov/gridpoints/OKX/33,35/forecast'
    ).json()

    # Period wise data
    periodic_data = weather_data['properties']['periods']

    latitude, longitude = weather_data['geometry']['geometries'][0]['coordinates'][
        0], weather_data['geometry']['geometries'][0]['coordinates'][1]

    # Fetching area data
    area_data = requests.get(
        f'https://api.weather.gov/points/{longitude},{latitude}'
    ).json()

    print(area_data)

    areaDescription = area_data['properties']['relativeLocation']['properties']['city'] + ', ' + area_data['properties']['relativeLocation']['properties']['state']

    context = {
        'timestamp': timestamp,
        'periodic_data': periodic_data,
        'areaDescription': areaDescription
    }

    return render_template('index.html', **context)


@app.after_request
def response_minify(response):
    """
    minify html response to decrease site traffic
    """
    if response.content_type == u'text/html; charset=utf-8':
        response.set_data(
            html_minify(response.get_data(as_text=True))
        )

        return response
    return response

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) response_minify
  B) index
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import datetime

import requests
from flask import Flask, render_template
from flask_caching import Cache
from htmlmin.minify import html_minify

app = Flask(__name__)

cache = Cache(config={'CACHE_TYPE': 'simple'})
cache.init_app(app)


@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
@cache.cached(timeout=300)  # 1800 seconds == 30 minutes
def index():

    timestamp = datetime.datetime.now()

    # // TODO -- MAKE THIS ACCEPT ANY LAT LONG AS A INPUT
    # latitude and Longitude and  of the area
    # NYC KNYC central park weather station is Lat: 40.78°N Lon: 73.97°W
    # long is not negative here because "TOP" in the request accounts for this.

    # Fetching weather data
    # Hardcoding to the correct weather station
    weather_data = requests.get(
        f'https://api.weather.gov/gridpoints/OKX/33,35/forecast'
    ).json()

    # Period wise data
    periodic_data = weather_data['properties']['periods']

    latitude, longitude = weather_data['geometry']['geometries'][0]['coordinates'][
        0], weather_data['geometry']['geometries'][0]['coordinates'][1]

    # Fetching area data
    area_data = requests.get(
        f'https://api.weather.gov/points/{longitude},{latitude}'
    ).json()

    print(area_data)

    areaDescription = area_data['properties']['relativeLocation']['properties']['city'] + ', ' + area_data['properties']['relativeLocation']['properties']['state']

    context = {
        'timestamp': timestamp,
        'periodic_data': periodic_data,
        'areaDescription': areaDescription
    }

    return render_template('index.html', **context)


@app.after_request
def response_minify(response):
    """
    minify html response to decrease site traffic
    """
    if response.content_type == u'text/html; charset=utf-8':
        response.set_data(
            html_minify(response.get_data(as_text=True))
        )

        return response
    return response

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: index
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import streamlit as st
import sqlite3
import gensim
from operator import itemgetter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.manifold import TSNE


@st.cache(allow_output_mutation=True)
def load_my_model():
    with st.spinner('Downloading word2vec model... please hold...'):
        model = gensim.models.KeyedVectors.load_word2vec_format('model.bin', binary=True)
    return model


class WebApp:
    def __init__(self):
        self.conn = sqlite3.connect('data/songs.db')
        self.model = load_my_model()
        st.success('Done!')
        self.run()

    def find_song(self, song_name, limit=5):
        c = self.conn.cursor()
        c.execute("SELECT * FROM songs WHERE UPPER(name) LIKE '%" + song_name + "%'")
        res = sorted((x + (self.model.vocab[x[0]].count,)
                      for x in c.fetchall() if x[0] in self.model.vocab),
                     key=itemgetter(-1), reverse=True)

        return [*res][:limit]

    def suggest_songs(self, song_id):
        c = self.conn.cursor()
        similar = dict(self.model.most_similar([song_id]))
        song_ids = ', '.join(("'%s'" % x) for x in similar.keys())
        c.execute("SELECT * FROM songs WHERE id in (%s)" % song_ids)
        res = sorted((rec + (similar[rec[0]],) for rec in c.fetchall()),
                     key=itemgetter(-1),
                     reverse=True)
        return [*res]

    def visualize_embeddings(self):

        X = self.model[self.model.vocab][0:1000]

        tsne = TSNE(n_components=2)
        X_tsne = tsne.fit_transform(X)

        graph = plt.scatter(X_tsne[:, 0], X_tsne[:, 1])
        st.write(graph)

    def run(self):
        st.set_option('deprecation.showfileUploaderEncoding', False)
        st.header("Song Recommendation Engine.")

        # Input Selection
        song = st.text_input('Name a song')
        song_id = self.find_song(song)[0][0]

        if song_id:
            st.write('Song selected:', song)
        else:
            print('song not found')
            exit()

        if st.button('Get Recomendations!'):
            for t in self.suggest_songs(song_id):
                st.write(t[1] + ' - ' + t[2])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    W = WebApp()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')` vulnerability?

  A) WebApp
  B) find_song
  C) __init__
  D) run
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import streamlit as st
import sqlite3
import gensim
from operator import itemgetter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.manifold import TSNE


@st.cache(allow_output_mutation=True)
def load_my_model():
    with st.spinner('Downloading word2vec model... please hold...'):
        model = gensim.models.KeyedVectors.load_word2vec_format('model.bin', binary=True)
    return model


class WebApp:
    def __init__(self):
        self.conn = sqlite3.connect('data/songs.db')
        self.model = load_my_model()
        st.success('Done!')
        self.run()

    def find_song(self, song_name, limit=5):
        c = self.conn.cursor()
        c.execute("SELECT * FROM songs WHERE UPPER(name) LIKE '%" + song_name + "%'")
        res = sorted((x + (self.model.vocab[x[0]].count,)
                      for x in c.fetchall() if x[0] in self.model.vocab),
                     key=itemgetter(-1), reverse=True)

        return [*res][:limit]

    def suggest_songs(self, song_id):
        c = self.conn.cursor()
        similar = dict(self.model.most_similar([song_id]))
        song_ids = ', '.join(("'%s'" % x) for x in similar.keys())
        c.execute("SELECT * FROM songs WHERE id in (%s)" % song_ids)
        res = sorted((rec + (similar[rec[0]],) for rec in c.fetchall()),
                     key=itemgetter(-1),
                     reverse=True)
        return [*res]

    def visualize_embeddings(self):

        X = self.model[self.model.vocab][0:1000]

        tsne = TSNE(n_components=2)
        X_tsne = tsne.fit_transform(X)

        graph = plt.scatter(X_tsne[:, 0], X_tsne[:, 1])
        st.write(graph)

    def run(self):
        st.set_option('deprecation.showfileUploaderEncoding', False)
        st.header("Song Recommendation Engine.")

        # Input Selection
        song = st.text_input('Name a song')
        song_id = self.find_song(song)[0][0]

        if song_id:
            st.write('Song selected:', song)
        else:
            print('song not found')
            exit()

        if st.button('Get Recomendations!'):
            for t in self.suggest_songs(song_id):
                st.write(t[1] + ' - ' + t[2])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    W = WebApp()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')` vulnerability.
Answer: find_song
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import hashlib
import requests
import time

_DEFAULT_API_URL = 'https://my.referralcandy.com/api/v1/'
_API_METHODS = {
    'get' : ['verify', 'referrals', 'referrer', 'contacts'],
    'post': ['purchase', 'referral', 'signup', 'invite']
}

class ReferralCandy:
    def __init__(self, access_id, secret_key):
        self.access_id = access_id
        self.secret_key = secret_key

    def _add_signature_to(self, params):
        params.update({'accessID': self.access_id, 'timestamp': int(time.time())})
        params.update({'signature': self._signature(params)})
        return params

    def _signature(self, params):
        collected_params = ''.join(('%s=%s' % (k,v)) for k, v in sorted(params.items()))
        return hashlib.md5((self.secret_key + collected_params).encode()).hexdigest()

def define_endpoint_fn(verb, ep):
    def endpoint_fn(self, params=None):
        if params is None:
            params = {}
        http_method_fn = getattr(requests, verb)
        return http_method_fn("%s%s.json" % (_DEFAULT_API_URL, ep),
                               params=self._add_signature_to(params))
    setattr(ReferralCandy, ep, endpoint_fn)

for verb, endpoints in _API_METHODS.items():
    for ep in endpoints:
        define_endpoint_fn(verb, ep)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  B) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  C) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  D) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  E) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  F) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import hashlib
import requests
import time

_DEFAULT_API_URL = 'https://my.referralcandy.com/api/v1/'
_API_METHODS = {
    'get' : ['verify', 'referrals', 'referrer', 'contacts'],
    'post': ['purchase', 'referral', 'signup', 'invite']
}

class ReferralCandy:
    def __init__(self, access_id, secret_key):
        self.access_id = access_id
        self.secret_key = secret_key

    def _add_signature_to(self, params):
        params.update({'accessID': self.access_id, 'timestamp': int(time.time())})
        params.update({'signature': self._signature(params)})
        return params

    def _signature(self, params):
        collected_params = ''.join(('%s=%s' % (k,v)) for k, v in sorted(params.items()))
        return hashlib.md5((self.secret_key + collected_params).encode()).hexdigest()

def define_endpoint_fn(verb, ep):
    def endpoint_fn(self, params=None):
        if params is None:
            params = {}
        http_method_fn = getattr(requests, verb)
        return http_method_fn("%s%s.json" % (_DEFAULT_API_URL, ep),
                               params=self._add_signature_to(params))
    setattr(ReferralCandy, ep, endpoint_fn)

for verb, endpoints in _API_METHODS.items():
    for ep in endpoints:
        define_endpoint_fn(verb, ep)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: _signature
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template, request #imports flask and flask CORS (this allows us to make our
from flask_cors import CORS #server)
app = Flask(__name__) #initializes the app

CORS(app) #allows cross-origin sharing (meaning anyone can send requests to the app)
counter = 0 #this makes counter global (we need this so that when a user changes counter it persists and doesn't get set back to 0 every time).
code = "hello world"
@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def index():  # pragma: no cover #this loads index.html as the primary web page
    return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/input', methods=['POST'])
def input():
    global code
    code = request.args.get('input')
    return '', 200
@app.route('/code', methods=['GET']) #this creates a route called /counter that we can reference in the front end called /counter and makes it a get method
def get_code(): #this function returns counter as a string
        global code
        return str(code), 200
@app.route('/counter', methods=['GET']) #this creates a route called /counter that we can reference in the front end called /counter and makes it a get method
def get_counter(): #this function returns counter as a string
        global counter
        return str(counter), 200
@app.route('/add', methods=['POST'])#this creates a route that we can reference in the front end called /add and makes it a post method
def add_1(): #adds one to counter (remember this doesn't display counter, the         front-end needs to deal with this
        global counter
        counter += 1
        return '', 200
@app.route('/subtract', methods=['POST'])
def subtract_1(): #subtracts one from counter (also doesn't display counter)
        global counter
        counter = counter - 1
        return '', 200
@app.route('/caesarian_enc', methods=['POST'])
def caesarian_encode():
	global code
	global counter
	# encoded = ''
	encoded = ''.join(map(lambda c: chr(ord('a') +  (ord(c) - ord('a') + counter)%26), code.lower()))
	# for s in code:
	# 	if s == ' ':
	# 		encoded += ' '
	# 	else:
	# 		encoded += chr((ord(s.upper()) + counter) % 26).lower()
	code = encoded
	return '', 200
@app.route('/caesarian_dec', methods=['POST'])
def caesarian_decode():
	global code
	global counter
	decoded = ''.join(map(lambda c: chr(ord('a') + (ord(c) - ord('a') - counter)%26), code.lower()))
	# decoded = ''
	# for s in code:
	# 	if s == ' ':
	# 		decoded += ' '
	# 	else:
	# 		decoded += chr(ord(s) - counter)
	code = decoded
	return '', 200

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) get_counter
  B) get_code
  C) index
  D) caesarian_decode
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import json
import logging
from jinja2 import Template


def gen_tensorflow_client_string(generated_tensor_data, model_name):
  """
  Generate TensorFlow SDK in Golang.

  Args:
    generated_tensor_data: Example is {"keys": [[1.0], [2.0]], "features": [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]}
  """

  code_template = """
package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "bytes"
    "net/http"
    "io/ioutil"
)

func main() {
    endpoint := "http://127.0.0.1:8500"
    log.Print("Request tensorflow serving in " + endpoint)

    // Construct request data
    dataByte := []byte(`{"model_name": "{{ model_name }}", "data": {{ tensor_data }} }`)
    var dataInterface map[string]interface{}
    json.Unmarshal(dataByte, &dataInterface)
    dataJson, _ := json.Marshal(dataInterface)

    // Send POST request
    resp, err := http.Post(endpoint, "application/json", bytes.NewBuffer(dataJson))

    // Print the response
    if err != nil {
        log.Print("Error to request server")
        return

    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}
  """

  generated_tensor_data_string = json.dumps(generated_tensor_data)
  template = Template(code_template)
  generate_code = template.render(
      model_name=model_name, tensor_data=generated_tensor_data_string)
  logging.debug("Generate the code in Golang:\n{}".format(generate_code))

  return generate_code


def gen_tensorflow_client(generated_tensor_data, model_name):

  generate_code = gen_tensorflow_client_string(generated_tensor_data, model_name)

  generated_code_filename = "client.go"
  with open(generated_code_filename, "w") as f:
    f.write(generate_code)

  logging.info('Save the generated code in {}, try "go run {}"'.format(
      generated_code_filename, generated_code_filename))

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) gen_tensorflow_client
  B) gen_tensorflow_client_string
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import json
import logging
from jinja2 import Template


def gen_tensorflow_client_string(generated_tensor_data, model_name):
  """
  Generate TensorFlow SDK in Golang.

  Args:
    generated_tensor_data: Example is {"keys": [[1.0], [2.0]], "features": [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]}
  """

  code_template = """
package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "bytes"
    "net/http"
    "io/ioutil"
)

func main() {
    endpoint := "http://127.0.0.1:8500"
    log.Print("Request tensorflow serving in " + endpoint)

    // Construct request data
    dataByte := []byte(`{"model_name": "{{ model_name }}", "data": {{ tensor_data }} }`)
    var dataInterface map[string]interface{}
    json.Unmarshal(dataByte, &dataInterface)
    dataJson, _ := json.Marshal(dataInterface)

    // Send POST request
    resp, err := http.Post(endpoint, "application/json", bytes.NewBuffer(dataJson))

    // Print the response
    if err != nil {
        log.Print("Error to request server")
        return

    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}
  """

  generated_tensor_data_string = json.dumps(generated_tensor_data)
  template = Template(code_template)
  generate_code = template.render(
      model_name=model_name, tensor_data=generated_tensor_data_string)
  logging.debug("Generate the code in Golang:\n{}".format(generate_code))

  return generate_code


def gen_tensorflow_client(generated_tensor_data, model_name):

  generate_code = gen_tensorflow_client_string(generated_tensor_data, model_name)

  generated_code_filename = "client.go"
  with open(generated_code_filename, "w") as f:
    f.write(generate_code)

  logging.info('Save the generated code in {}, try "go run {}"'.format(
      generated_code_filename, generated_code_filename))

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: gen_tensorflow_client_string
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests


def thumbnail(video, quality='sd'):
    """
    video:
      id - video id
      link - video link
    quality:
      sd - Standard Quality
      mq - Medium Quality 
      hq - High Quality
      maxres - Maximum Resolution 
    """
    qualities = ["sd", "mq", "hq", "maxres"]
    if ("youtube.com" in video) and ("/" in video) and ("=" in video):
        id = video.split("=")[-1]
    elif ("youtu.be" in video) and ("/" in video):
        id = video.split("/")[-1]
    else:
        id = video
    if quality not in qualities:
        quality = 'sd'
    thumbnail = "https://img.youtube.com/vi/" + id + f"/{quality}default.jpg"
    return thumbnail


def download_thumbnail(video, name='thumbnail.jpg', quality='sd'):
    """
    video:
      id - video id
      link - video link
    name:
      thumbnail name
    quality:
      sd - Standard Quality
      mq - Medium Quality 
      hq - High Quality
      maxres - Maximum Resolution 
    """
    thumbnail = requests.get(thumbnail(video, quality))
    with open(name, "wb") as file:
        file.write(content)
    return name

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-20: Improper Input Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: thumbnail
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import pymongo
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()
DB_USER = os.getenv("MONGO_USER", default="OOPS")
DB_PASSWORD = os.getenv("MONGO_PASSWORD", default="OOPS")
CLUSTER_NAME = os.getenv("MONGO_CLUSTER_NAME", default="OOPS")
connection_uri = f"mongodb+srv://{DB_USER}:{DB_PASSWORD}@{CLUSTER_NAME}-8evf9.mongodb.net/test?retryWrites=true&w=majority"
print("----------------")
print("URI:", connection_uri)
client = pymongo.MongoClient(connection_uri)
print("----------------")
print("CLIENT:", type(client), client)
db = client.test_database
print("----------------")
print("DB:", type(db), db)
collection = db.pokemon
print("----------------")
print("COLLECTION:", type(collection), collection)
print("----------------")
print("COLLECTIONS:")
print(db.list_collection_names())
collection.insert_one({
    "name": "Pikachu",
    "level": 30,
    "exp": 76000000000,
    "hp": 400,
})
print(collection.count_documents({}))
print(collection.count_documents({"name": "Pikachu"}))
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  C) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  D) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  E) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  F) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import argparse
import os
from collections import namedtuple
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
from codecs import open
import re

Item = namedtuple('Item', ('src', 'title', 'author', 'slug'))


def render_template(template, **kwargs):
    env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader('.'))
    return env.get_template(template).render(**kwargs)


def slugify(string):
    return re.sub(r'[^A-Za-z]', '-', string).replace('--', '-')


def generate_output(directory, template, output, title):
    items = []
    info = os.path.join(directory, 'infos.txt')
    header_file = os.path.join(directory, 'header.html')
    with open(header_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        header = f.read()

    with open(info, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        for idx, line in enumerate(f):
            title_, author = line.split(' - ')
            src = "%s/%02.0f.jpg" % (directory, idx + 1)
            items.append(Item(src=src, title=title_, author=author,
                slug=slugify(title_)))

    with open(output, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(render_template(template, items=items, header=header,
                                title=title))


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
            description='convert a directory to a gallery')
    parser.add_argument('directory')
    parser.add_argument('title')
    parser.add_argument('--output', default='index.html')
    parser.add_argument('--template', default='template.html')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    generate_output(args.directory, args.template, args.output,
            args.title.decode('utf-8'))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  B) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  C) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  D) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  E) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python2.7

import sys

def gftp_descrable_password(password):
    """gftp password descrambler

    This code has been released in the Public Domain by the original author.

    """
    if not password.startswith('$'):
        return password
    newpassword = []
    pwdparts = map(ord, password)
    for i in range(1, len(pwdparts), 2):
        if ((pwdparts[i] & 0xc3) != 0x41 or
            (pwdparts[i+1] & 0xc3) != 0x41):
            return password
        newpassword.append(chr(((pwdparts[i] & 0x3c) << 2) +
                               ((pwdparts[i+1] & 0x3c) >> 2)))
    return "".join(newpassword)


def main(argv):
    sys.stdout.write("password: %s\n" % gftp_descrable_password(sys.argv[1]))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv[1:])

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
  B) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  C) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python2.7

import sys

def gftp_descrable_password(password):
    """gftp password descrambler

    This code has been released in the Public Domain by the original author.

    """
    if not password.startswith('$'):
        return password
    newpassword = []
    pwdparts = map(ord, password)
    for i in range(1, len(pwdparts), 2):
        if ((pwdparts[i] & 0xc3) != 0x41 or
            (pwdparts[i+1] & 0xc3) != 0x41):
            return password
        newpassword.append(chr(((pwdparts[i] & 0x3c) << 2) +
                               ((pwdparts[i+1] & 0x3c) >> 2)))
    return "".join(newpassword)


def main(argv):
    sys.stdout.write("password: %s\n" % gftp_descrable_password(sys.argv[1]))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv[1:])

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) main
  B) gftp_descrable_password
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from string import digits, ascii_letters
from time import time

def get_next_password(local, cur):
	ind = len(cur) - 1
	last_letter = cur[ind]
	if cur[ind] != local[len(local) - 1]:
		last_letter = local[local.index(last_letter) + 1]
		return cur[0:ind] + last_letter
	else:
		for i in range(ind - 1, -1, -1):
			if cur[i] != local[len(local) - 1]:
				let = local[local.index(cur[i]) + 1]
				return cur[0:i] + let + local[0] * (ind - len(cur[0:i]))
	cur = local[0] * (len(cur) + 1)
	return cur

	
def generate(local, cur, counter):
	password = get_next_password(local, cur)
	counter += 1
	return (password, counter)
	
	
def guess_password(passw):
	local = digits + ascii_letters
	counter = 0
	t = time()
	start_pass = '0'
	password = start_pass
	while True:
		if password == passw:
			print('Пароль угадан за %d попыток. Ваш пароль - %s' % (counter, password))
			print(str(time() - t) + 'seconds.')
			break
		password, counter = generate(local, password, counter)

print('Enter your password:')
guess_password(input('>>'))

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) guess_password
  B) get_next_password
  C) generate
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from string import digits, ascii_letters
from time import time

def get_next_password(local, cur):
	ind = len(cur) - 1
	last_letter = cur[ind]
	if cur[ind] != local[len(local) - 1]:
		last_letter = local[local.index(last_letter) + 1]
		return cur[0:ind] + last_letter
	else:
		for i in range(ind - 1, -1, -1):
			if cur[i] != local[len(local) - 1]:
				let = local[local.index(cur[i]) + 1]
				return cur[0:i] + let + local[0] * (ind - len(cur[0:i]))
	cur = local[0] * (len(cur) + 1)
	return cur

	
def generate(local, cur, counter):
	password = get_next_password(local, cur)
	counter += 1
	return (password, counter)
	
	
def guess_password(passw):
	local = digits + ascii_letters
	counter = 0
	t = time()
	start_pass = '0'
	password = start_pass
	while True:
		if password == passw:
			print('Пароль угадан за %d попыток. Ваш пароль - %s' % (counter, password))
			print(str(time() - t) + 'seconds.')
			break
		password, counter = generate(local, password, counter)

print('Enter your password:')
guess_password(input('>>'))

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: guess_password
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
  Sample script to get System ID LED status via iRMC Redfish API
  in Fujitsu PRIMERGY
"""
import sys
import argparse
import requests
import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

__author__ = "Masahiro Murayama"
__version__ = "0.0.1"


def get_system_led_status(irmc, user, password):
    url = "https://{}/redfish/v1/Systems/0/".format(irmc)

    response = requests.get(url, auth=(user, password), verify=False)
    status_code = response.status_code
    if status_code != 200 and status_code != 202 and status_code != 204:
        print("The request failed (url: {0}, error: {1})".format(
            url, response.json()['error']['message']))
        sys.exit()

    print("System Indicator LED is {}".format(response.json()['IndicatorLED']))


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument(
        '-i', '--irmc',
        required=True,
        help="iRMC IP address/hostname/FQDN")
    parser.add_argument(
        '-u', '--user',
        default="admin",
        help="iRMC user name")
    parser.add_argument(
        '-p', '--password',
        default="admin",
        help="iRMC password")

    args = parser.parse_args()
    irmc = args.irmc
    user = args.user
    password = args.password

    get_system_led_status(irmc, user, password)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) main
  B) get_system_led_status
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from aiohttp import web
from functools import wraps
from threading import Thread
from multidict import MultiDict
import sys
import json

class AbstractHandler:
    routes = web.RouteTableDef()

    cors_header = MultiDict({'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': 'http://localhost:8080'})

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def intercept_request(func):
        @wraps(func)
        async def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
            try:
                error = await func(*args, **kwargs)
                if not error:
                    print('Successfully executed function')
                    return web.Response(text='Success', headers=AbstractHandler.cors_header)
                else:
                    print(f'Something went wrong: {error}')
                    return web.Response(status=400, text=error, headers=AbstractHandler.cors_header)
            except Exception as e:
                print(f'Exception found while executing: {e}')
                return web.Response(status=500, text=str(e), headers=AbstractHandler.cors_header)
        return wrapped

    @staticmethod
    def start_func_background(func, *args):
        """
        Executes a given 'func' in the background and returns immediately
        """
        a = tuple([a for a in args])
        thread = Thread(target=func, args=a)
        thread.daemon = True
        thread.start()

    @staticmethod
    async def validate_request(request):
        error_msg = None
        decoded_body = None

        if request.body_exists:
            value = await request.content.read()
            decoded_body = json.loads(value.decode())
            print(f'Decoded body: {decoded_body}')
        else:
            error_msg = 'Body not found in request'

        return error_msg, decoded_body

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) wrapped
  B) __init__
  C) AbstractHandler
  D) validate_request
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import subprocess


def create_accounts(domain, username, password):
    cmd = "ejabberdctl register {} {} {}".format(username, domain, password)
    print(cmd)
    subprocess.call(cmd)


def forge_relations(user1,user2,domain):
    cmd1 = "ejabberdctl add-rosteritem {} {} {} {} {}-{} groupvpn both"\
            .format(user1,domain,user2,domain,user1,user2)
    cmd2 = "ejabberdctl add-rosteritem {} {} {} {} {}-{} groupvpn both" \
        .format(user2, domain, user1, domain, user2, user1)
    print("\n")
    print(cmd1)
    print(cmd2)
    subprocess.call(cmd1)
    subprocess.call(cmd2)

with open('friends.json') as json_file:
    data = json.load(json_file)
    domain = data["domain"]
    for node in data['relations']:
        create_accounts(domain, node, node)
    for node in data["relations"]:
        friends = data["relations"][node]
        for friend in friends:
            forge_relations(node,friend,domain)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) forge_relations
  B) create_accounts
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
import sqlite3 as sql

app = Flask(__name__)

# routing 
@app.route("/")
def hello():
    print("hello called")
    return "Hello World!"

''' or add url rule using add_url_rule function

def hello_world():
   return ‘hello world’
app.add_url_rule(‘/’, ‘hello’, hello_world)

'''

# accepting a string value 
@app.route("/addname/<name>")
def acceptName(name):
    print("add name called")
    return "Hello %s"%name

# accepting an int
@app.route("/addage/<int:age>")
def acceptAge(age):
    print("add age called")
    return "Age :%d"%age

# accepting a float
@app.route("/addtemp/<float:temp>")
def accepttemp(temp):
    print("add temp called")
    return "Temperature %f"%temp

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True) #By default it runs on localhost
    #app.run(host="127.0.0.1",port="4444",debug=True) # custom server address
    #app.run(host= '0.0.0.0') # to run on your machines IP address and open it to non-local connections
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  B) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  C) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  D) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  E) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  F) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Answer: A,F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import bcrypt as bc
import time, sys, os, random

BASEPATH = os.path.join(os.sep, 'davide', 'home', 'userexternal', 'mberti00', 'Scripts', 'Crack')

if len(sys.argv) > 1 and int(sys.argv[1]):
    max_number = int(sys.argv[1])
    if len(sys.argv) > 2:
        if sys.argv[2] == 'random':
            # random word between 0 and max_number
            index = random.randrange(0, max_number, 1)
            iterator = 0
            for line in open(os.path.join(BASEPATH, 'passwords.txt'), 'r'):
                if iterator == index:
                    password = line.rstrip('\n')
                    break
                iterator += 1
        else:
            # password given by user
            password = sys.argv[2]
    else:
        # random generated word
        chrs = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'
        length = random.randrange(3, 7, 1)
        password = ''.join([chrs[int(random.random() * len(chrs))] for i in range(length)])
else:
    print("Required: maximum number of elements to check and password")
    sys.exit(1)

print("Check if \"" + password + "\" is within the " + str(max_number) + " most common passwords...")

salt = bc.gensalt()
password = bc.hashpw(password.encode('utf-8'), salt)

found = False
guesses = 0
start_time = time.time()

for line in open(os.path.join(BASEPATH, 'passwords.txt'), 'r'):
    if guesses < max_number:
        hashed = bc.hashpw(line.rstrip('\n').encode('utf-8'), salt)
        if password == hashed:
            guesses += 1
            found = True
            break
    else:
        break
    guesses += 1

print("Password found!" if found else "Password NOT found!")
print("Time: %fs" % (round(time.time() - start_time, 2)))
print("Guesses: " + str(guesses))

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  E) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  F) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
Answer: B