OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import redirect, url_for, request, render_template, Blueprint, flash
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user
from sqlalchemy import or_

from OrderSystem import forms, db, sentry
from OrderSystem.sql.ORM import User
from OrderSystem.utilities.Helpers import verify_password, flash_errors
from OrderSystem.utilities.ServerLogger import log_event

auth = Blueprint('auth', __name__)


# Login
@auth.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    form = forms.Login()

    if form.validate_on_submit():
        username = form.username.data
        password = form.password.data

        # Find matching user
        user = db.session.query(User).filter(or_(User.username == username)).first()

        # Guest tried to login as non-existent user
        if user is None:
            log_event('AUTH ERR', 'Guest tried to login as non-existent user.')
            flash("Invalid username/password!", 'error')
            return render_template('auth/login.html', form=form)

        # Check if passwords match
        if verify_password(user.password, password):
            login_user(user, remember=True)
            sentry.user_context({
                'id': user.id,
                'username': user.username,
                'email': user.email
            })

            # Redirect to previous page
            return redirect(request.args.get('prev') or request.args.get('next') or "/")

        # User/password pair is wrong
        else:
            flash("Incorrect username/password", 'error')
            log_event('AUTH ERR', 'Guest incorrectly attempted to login as {0}.'.format(user.username))
            return render_template('auth/login.html', form=form)
    else:
        flash_errors(form)

    return render_template('auth/login.html', form=form)


# Logout
@auth.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from flask import current_app, request, abort

import hashlib
import json

class ApiSequrity(object):
    def __init__(self, secret):
        super(ApiSequrity, self).__init__()
        self.secret = secret

    def gen_key(self, uid: str):
        combined = self.secret + uid[:8]
        hash_str = hashlib.md5(combined.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
        return hash_str

    def check_key(self, uid: str, key: str):
        return self.gen_key(uid) == key

    def parse_header(self,request):
        uid,key = request.headers.get('Credentials', '').split('/')
        return uid,key

    def check_request_args(self, request):
        debug   = 'debug' in request.args
        canpass = current_app.config.get('DEBUG', False)
        key     = request.args.get('key')
        uid     = request.args.get('uid')
        with current_app.app_context():
            if uid is None and key is None:
                uid, key = self.parse_header(request)
            if not canpass or 'pass' not in request.args:
                if uid is None and key is None:
                    abort(400)
                if not self.check_key(uid, key):
                    abort(401, json.dumps({'message': uid + ' ' + key})) if debug else abort(401)
        return key, uid, debug

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: gen_key
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
import os, sys
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"

@app.route('/upload', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def upload_file():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        f = request.files['file']
        f.save('./uploads/'+f.filename)
    return '',201
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True)

#got the code from google 
@app.route("/files")
def list_files():
  path = "./uploads/"
  dirs = os.listdir(path)
  files = ""
  for file in dirs:
      files = str(files + file + ", ")
  return files

@app.route("/euler1")
def euler1():
  sum = 0
  for i in range (1, 1000):
    if i%3 or i%5:
      sum = sum + i
  return ("Euler 1:The total is ",sum)


@app.route("/euler2")
def euler2():
  t1 = 1
  t2 = 2
  total = 0
  sum = 2
  while(total < 4000000):
    total = t1 + t2
    t1 = t2
    term2 = total
    if total%2:
      sum = sum  +total
  return("Euler 2: The total is ",sum)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  B) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  C) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  D) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  E) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: D,F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
import os, sys
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"

@app.route('/upload', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def upload_file():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        f = request.files['file']
        f.save('./uploads/'+f.filename)
    return '',201
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True)

#got the code from google 
@app.route("/files")
def list_files():
  path = "./uploads/"
  dirs = os.listdir(path)
  files = ""
  for file in dirs:
      files = str(files + file + ", ")
  return files

@app.route("/euler1")
def euler1():
  sum = 0
  for i in range (1, 1000):
    if i%3 or i%5:
      sum = sum + i
  return ("Euler 1:The total is ",sum)


@app.route("/euler2")
def euler2():
  t1 = 1
  t2 = 2
  total = 0
  sum = 2
  while(total < 4000000):
    total = t1 + t2
    t1 = t2
    term2 = total
    if total%2:
      sum = sum  +total
  return("Euler 2: The total is ",sum)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) hello
  B) euler2
  C) euler1
  D) upload_file
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
import os, sys
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"

@app.route('/upload', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def upload_file():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        f = request.files['file']
        f.save('./uploads/'+f.filename)
    return '',201
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True)

#got the code from google 
@app.route("/files")
def list_files():
  path = "./uploads/"
  dirs = os.listdir(path)
  files = ""
  for file in dirs:
      files = str(files + file + ", ")
  return files

@app.route("/euler1")
def euler1():
  sum = 0
  for i in range (1, 1000):
    if i%3 or i%5:
      sum = sum + i
  return ("Euler 1:The total is ",sum)


@app.route("/euler2")
def euler2():
  t1 = 1
  t2 = 2
  total = 0
  sum = 2
  while(total < 4000000):
    total = t1 + t2
    t1 = t2
    term2 = total
    if total%2:
      sum = sum  +total
  return("Euler 2: The total is ",sum)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: upload_file
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/bin/env python
import argparse

def convert(MACaddress):
    if MACaddress.rfind(':') > 0:
        lconvert = lambda mac: '.'.join(MACaddress.replace(':', '')[i:i+4] for i in range(0, 12, 4))
        return lconvert(MACaddress)
    elif MACaddress.rfind('-') > 0:
        lconvert = lambda mac: '.'.join(MACaddress.replace('-', '')[i:i+4] for i in range(0, 12, 4))
        return lconvert(MACaddress)
    elif MACaddress.rfind('.') > 0:
        lconvert = lambda mac: ':'.join(MACaddress.replace('.', '')[i:i+2] for i in range(0, 12, 2))
        return lconvert(MACaddress)
    else:
        return MACaddress

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("MACaddr",
                        help="MAC address to convert")
    args = parser.parse_args()
    if args.MACaddr is not None:
        print(convert(args.MACaddr))
    else:
        print("No MAC address provided")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) main
  B) convert
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import jinja2
import yaml
import os

env = jinja2.Environment(
    loader=jinja2.FileSystemLoader(os.path.dirname(__file__))
)

with open('../metadata/sdks.yaml', 'r') as file:
    metadata = yaml.safe_load(file)
    for language in metadata.keys():
        metadata[language]
        shortname = metadata[language]['property']
        template = env.get_template("template.txt")
        print(template.render(language=language, shortname=shortname))




```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  B) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  C) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  D) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  E) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  F) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
from wtforms import Form, StringField, PasswordField, validators
import requests
import json

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/auth", methods=['POST'])
def auth_server():
    form = ServerForm(request.form)
    address = form.address.data
    password = form.password.data
    res = requests.post(url=("http://" + address + "/auth_server"), json={"password": password})
    return jsonify(json.loads(res.text))


class ServerForm(Form):
    address = StringField("address", [validators.Length(max=50)])
    password = PasswordField("password", [validators.Length(max=20)])


@app.route("/list_containers", methods=['POST'])
def standalone_list_containers():
    args = request.get_json()
    res = requests.get(url=("http://" + args["address"] + "/list_containers"), json={"token": args["token"]})
    return jsonify(json.loads(res.text))


@app.route("/<function>", methods=['POST'])
def standalone_function(function):
    args = request.get_json()
    res = requests.get(url=("http://" + args["address"] + function + args["name"]), json={"token": args["token"]})
    return jsonify(json.loads(res.text))

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  B) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  D) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  E) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  F) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests
import sys
import json
import urllib3

urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
    
fhir_server_uri = sys.argv[1]
token = sys.argv[2]
json_file_path = sys.argv[3]

headers = {'Authorization' : "Bearer " + token, 'Accept' : 'application/json', 'Content-Type' : 'application/json'}

with open(json_file_path) as json_file:
    json_data = json.load(json_file)


r = requests.post(fhir_server_uri, data=json.dumps(json_data), headers=headers, verify=False)
print(r.json())

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  B) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  C) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  F) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Blueprint, session, render_template
from jinja2 import Template
from myapp.models import db, Person

blue = Blueprint("day02",__name__)

@blue.route('/set')
def set_session():
    session['name'] = 'tom'
    return "OK"

@blue.route('/get')
def get_session():
    res = session.get('name','游客')
    return str(res)

@blue.route('/index')
def index():
    import os
    # 获得当前程序运行所在目录
    root = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    # 拼接文件的路径
    file_path = os.path.join(root,'templates','index.html')
    f = open(file_path,'r')
    template = Template(f.read())
    html = template.render()
    return html

@blue.route('/block')
def my_block():
    return render_template('test.html')

@blue.route('/my_marco')
def my_marco():
    data = ['python','php','C','C++']
    return render_template('my_marco.html',data=data)

@blue.route('/for_demo')
def for_demo():
    data = ['python','php','C','C++']
    return render_template('fordemo.html',data=data)

@blue.route('/tags')
def tags():
    my_str = "hello"
    html_str = "<h1>the end is good if not good it's not end</h1>"
    return render_template("filter_tags.html",data=my_str,html_str=html_str,my_arr=[1,3,2,6,5])

@blue.route('/create')
def create_db():
    db.create_all()
    return "创建完毕"

@blue.route('/drop')
def drop_db():
    db.drop_all()
    return "跑路"

@blue.route('/create_data')
def create_user():
    # 创建数据
    # u = Person(
    #     name="张三"
    # )
    # db.session.add(u)
    # db.session.commit()

    # 批量创建
    persons = []
    for i  in range(10):
        u = Person(name="张四"+str(i))
        persons.append(u)
    # 批量写到数据库
    db.session.add_all(persons)
    db.session.commit()
    return "创建完毕"

@blue.route('/get_users')
def get_users():
    # 查询数据
    res = Person.query.all()
    for i in res:
        print(i.name)
    return "OK"


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  B) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  C) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  F) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Blueprint, session, render_template
from jinja2 import Template
from myapp.models import db, Person

blue = Blueprint("day02",__name__)

@blue.route('/set')
def set_session():
    session['name'] = 'tom'
    return "OK"

@blue.route('/get')
def get_session():
    res = session.get('name','游客')
    return str(res)

@blue.route('/index')
def index():
    import os
    # 获得当前程序运行所在目录
    root = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    # 拼接文件的路径
    file_path = os.path.join(root,'templates','index.html')
    f = open(file_path,'r')
    template = Template(f.read())
    html = template.render()
    return html

@blue.route('/block')
def my_block():
    return render_template('test.html')

@blue.route('/my_marco')
def my_marco():
    data = ['python','php','C','C++']
    return render_template('my_marco.html',data=data)

@blue.route('/for_demo')
def for_demo():
    data = ['python','php','C','C++']
    return render_template('fordemo.html',data=data)

@blue.route('/tags')
def tags():
    my_str = "hello"
    html_str = "<h1>the end is good if not good it's not end</h1>"
    return render_template("filter_tags.html",data=my_str,html_str=html_str,my_arr=[1,3,2,6,5])

@blue.route('/create')
def create_db():
    db.create_all()
    return "创建完毕"

@blue.route('/drop')
def drop_db():
    db.drop_all()
    return "跑路"

@blue.route('/create_data')
def create_user():
    # 创建数据
    # u = Person(
    #     name="张三"
    # )
    # db.session.add(u)
    # db.session.commit()

    # 批量创建
    persons = []
    for i  in range(10):
        u = Person(name="张四"+str(i))
        persons.append(u)
    # 批量写到数据库
    db.session.add_all(persons)
    db.session.commit()
    return "创建完毕"

@blue.route('/get_users')
def get_users():
    # 查询数据
    res = Person.query.all()
    for i in res:
        print(i.name)
    return "OK"


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) create_user
  B) create_db
  C) for_demo
  D) index
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Script for serving.
"""
import json
import pickle

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from bedrock_client.bedrock.metrics.service import ModelMonitoringService
from flask import Flask, Response, current_app, request

model = pickle.load(open("/artefact/model.pkl", "rb"))
feature_cols = pickle.load(open("/artefact/feature_cols.pkl", "rb"))

# Simulate redis store
redis = pd.read_parquet("/artefact/test.gz.parquet")


def read_redis_features(sk_id):
    """Gets all the values from redis."""
    # Simulate querying redis
    row = redis.query(f"SK_ID_CURR == '{sk_id}'")
    if len(row) == 0:
        return None
    return row[feature_cols]


def predict_score(request_json):
    """Predict function."""
    # Get features
    sk_id = request_json["sk_id"]
    row_feats = read_redis_features(sk_id)

    # Score
    if row_feats is not None:
        prob = model.predict_proba(row_feats)[:, 1].item()

        # Log the prediction
        current_app.monitor.log_prediction(
            request_body=json.dumps(request_json),
            features=row_feats.values[0],
            output=prob,
        )
        return prob

    return np.NaN


# pylint: disable=invalid-name
app = Flask(__name__)


@app.before_first_request
def init_background_threads():
    """Global objects with daemon threads will be stopped by gunicorn --preload flag.
    So instantiate them here instead.
    """
    current_app.monitor = ModelMonitoringService()


@app.route("/metrics", methods=["GET"])
def get_metrics():
    """Returns real time feature values recorded by prometheus
    """
    body, content_type = current_app.monitor.export_http(
        params=request.args.to_dict(flat=False),
        headers=request.headers,
    )
    return Response(body, content_type=content_type)


@app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
def get_prob():
    """Returns probability."""
    return {"prob": predict_score(request.json)}


def main():
    """Starts the Http server"""
    app.run()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')` vulnerability?

  A) main
  B) read_redis_features
  C) init_background_threads
  D) get_metrics
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""
Script for serving.
"""
import json
import pickle

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from bedrock_client.bedrock.metrics.service import ModelMonitoringService
from flask import Flask, Response, current_app, request

model = pickle.load(open("/artefact/model.pkl", "rb"))
feature_cols = pickle.load(open("/artefact/feature_cols.pkl", "rb"))

# Simulate redis store
redis = pd.read_parquet("/artefact/test.gz.parquet")


def read_redis_features(sk_id):
    """Gets all the values from redis."""
    # Simulate querying redis
    row = redis.query(f"SK_ID_CURR == '{sk_id}'")
    if len(row) == 0:
        return None
    return row[feature_cols]


def predict_score(request_json):
    """Predict function."""
    # Get features
    sk_id = request_json["sk_id"]
    row_feats = read_redis_features(sk_id)

    # Score
    if row_feats is not None:
        prob = model.predict_proba(row_feats)[:, 1].item()

        # Log the prediction
        current_app.monitor.log_prediction(
            request_body=json.dumps(request_json),
            features=row_feats.values[0],
            output=prob,
        )
        return prob

    return np.NaN


# pylint: disable=invalid-name
app = Flask(__name__)


@app.before_first_request
def init_background_threads():
    """Global objects with daemon threads will be stopped by gunicorn --preload flag.
    So instantiate them here instead.
    """
    current_app.monitor = ModelMonitoringService()


@app.route("/metrics", methods=["GET"])
def get_metrics():
    """Returns real time feature values recorded by prometheus
    """
    body, content_type = current_app.monitor.export_http(
        params=request.args.to_dict(flat=False),
        headers=request.headers,
    )
    return Response(body, content_type=content_type)


@app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
def get_prob():
    """Returns probability."""
    return {"prob": predict_score(request.json)}


def main():
    """Starts the Http server"""
    app.run()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')` vulnerability.
Answer: read_redis_features
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import random
from datetime import datetime

from flask import Flask, jsonify
from flask.ext.cache import Cache


app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_pyfile('hello.cfg')
cache = Cache(app)

#: This is an example of a cached view 
@app.route('/api/now')
@cache.cached(50)
def current_time():
    return str(datetime.now())

#: This is an example of a cached function
@cache.cached(key_prefix='binary')
def random_binary():
    return [random.randrange(0, 2) for i in range(500)]

@app.route('/api/get/binary')
def get_binary():
    return jsonify({'data': random_binary()})

#: This is an example of a memoized function
@cache.memoize(60)
def _add(a, b):
    return a + b + random.randrange(0, 1000)

@cache.memoize(60)
def _sub(a, b):
    return a - b - random.randrange(0, 1000)

@app.route('/api/add/<int:a>/<int:b>')
def add(a, b):
    return str(_add(a, b))

@app.route('/api/sub/<int:a>/<int:b>')
def sub(a, b):
    return str(_sub(a, b))

@app.route('/api/cache/delete')
def delete_cache():
    cache.delete_memoized('_add', '_sub')
    return 'OK'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  B) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  C) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  E) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  F) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import random
from datetime import datetime

from flask import Flask, jsonify
from flask.ext.cache import Cache


app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_pyfile('hello.cfg')
cache = Cache(app)

#: This is an example of a cached view 
@app.route('/api/now')
@cache.cached(50)
def current_time():
    return str(datetime.now())

#: This is an example of a cached function
@cache.cached(key_prefix='binary')
def random_binary():
    return [random.randrange(0, 2) for i in range(500)]

@app.route('/api/get/binary')
def get_binary():
    return jsonify({'data': random_binary()})

#: This is an example of a memoized function
@cache.memoize(60)
def _add(a, b):
    return a + b + random.randrange(0, 1000)

@cache.memoize(60)
def _sub(a, b):
    return a - b - random.randrange(0, 1000)

@app.route('/api/add/<int:a>/<int:b>')
def add(a, b):
    return str(_add(a, b))

@app.route('/api/sub/<int:a>/<int:b>')
def sub(a, b):
    return str(_sub(a, b))

@app.route('/api/cache/delete')
def delete_cache():
    cache.delete_memoized('_add', '_sub')
    return 'OK'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) _add
  B) add
  C) get_binary
  D) _sub
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import random
from datetime import datetime

from flask import Flask, jsonify
from flask.ext.cache import Cache


app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_pyfile('hello.cfg')
cache = Cache(app)

#: This is an example of a cached view 
@app.route('/api/now')
@cache.cached(50)
def current_time():
    return str(datetime.now())

#: This is an example of a cached function
@cache.cached(key_prefix='binary')
def random_binary():
    return [random.randrange(0, 2) for i in range(500)]

@app.route('/api/get/binary')
def get_binary():
    return jsonify({'data': random_binary()})

#: This is an example of a memoized function
@cache.memoize(60)
def _add(a, b):
    return a + b + random.randrange(0, 1000)

@cache.memoize(60)
def _sub(a, b):
    return a - b - random.randrange(0, 1000)

@app.route('/api/add/<int:a>/<int:b>')
def add(a, b):
    return str(_add(a, b))

@app.route('/api/sub/<int:a>/<int:b>')
def sub(a, b):
    return str(_sub(a, b))

@app.route('/api/cache/delete')
def delete_cache():
    cache.delete_memoized('_add', '_sub')
    return 'OK'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: add
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, Blueprint, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)
bp = Blueprint('app', __name__)

filmes = [
    {
        'id': 1,
        'nome': 'Home Aranha: Longe de casa',
        'url': 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/0/04/Spider-man-far-from-home-poster.jpg'
    },
    {
        'id': 2,
        'nome': 'Vingadores: Guerra Infinita',
        'url': 'https://lumiere-a.akamaihd.net/v1/images/unnamed_10_2a3389cf.jpeg?region=0%2C0%2C356%2C512'
    },
    {
        'id': 3,
        'nome': 'Capitão América 2: O Soldado Ivernal',
        'url': 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/e/e8/Captain_America_The_Winter_Soldier.jpg'
    },
    {
        'id': 4,
        'nome': 'Pantera Negra',
        'url': 'https://www.geeknewsnow.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/black-panther-2018-movie-poster.jpg'
    },
    {
        'id': 5,
        'nome': 'Guardiões da Galáxia: Vol.2',
        'url': 'https://karga.pt/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/GuardioesGlaxiaVideoclube.png'
    },
    {
        'id': 6,
        'nome': 'Doutor Estranho',
        'url': 'https://i.pinimg.com/originals/5a/bb/1e/5abb1e4e1272f88e62f9a206c4314e91.jpg'
    }
]

@bp.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

@bp.route('/read')
def listar_filmes():
    return render_template('listar-filmes.html', listaDeFilmes = filmes)

@bp.route('/read/<filme_id>')
def lista_detalhe_filme(filme_id):
    return 'Pagina filme -->' + filme_id

app.register_blueprint(bp)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  B) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  C) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  D) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  E) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  F) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Answer: C,F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, Blueprint, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)
bp = Blueprint('app', __name__)

filmes = [
    {
        'id': 1,
        'nome': 'Home Aranha: Longe de casa',
        'url': 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/0/04/Spider-man-far-from-home-poster.jpg'
    },
    {
        'id': 2,
        'nome': 'Vingadores: Guerra Infinita',
        'url': 'https://lumiere-a.akamaihd.net/v1/images/unnamed_10_2a3389cf.jpeg?region=0%2C0%2C356%2C512'
    },
    {
        'id': 3,
        'nome': 'Capitão América 2: O Soldado Ivernal',
        'url': 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/e/e8/Captain_America_The_Winter_Soldier.jpg'
    },
    {
        'id': 4,
        'nome': 'Pantera Negra',
        'url': 'https://www.geeknewsnow.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/black-panther-2018-movie-poster.jpg'
    },
    {
        'id': 5,
        'nome': 'Guardiões da Galáxia: Vol.2',
        'url': 'https://karga.pt/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/GuardioesGlaxiaVideoclube.png'
    },
    {
        'id': 6,
        'nome': 'Doutor Estranho',
        'url': 'https://i.pinimg.com/originals/5a/bb/1e/5abb1e4e1272f88e62f9a206c4314e91.jpg'
    }
]

@bp.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

@bp.route('/read')
def listar_filmes():
    return render_template('listar-filmes.html', listaDeFilmes = filmes)

@bp.route('/read/<filme_id>')
def lista_detalhe_filme(filme_id):
    return 'Pagina filme -->' + filme_id

app.register_blueprint(bp)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) lista_detalhe_filme
  B) listar_filmes
  C) index
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, Blueprint, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)
bp = Blueprint('app', __name__)

filmes = [
    {
        'id': 1,
        'nome': 'Home Aranha: Longe de casa',
        'url': 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/0/04/Spider-man-far-from-home-poster.jpg'
    },
    {
        'id': 2,
        'nome': 'Vingadores: Guerra Infinita',
        'url': 'https://lumiere-a.akamaihd.net/v1/images/unnamed_10_2a3389cf.jpeg?region=0%2C0%2C356%2C512'
    },
    {
        'id': 3,
        'nome': 'Capitão América 2: O Soldado Ivernal',
        'url': 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/e/e8/Captain_America_The_Winter_Soldier.jpg'
    },
    {
        'id': 4,
        'nome': 'Pantera Negra',
        'url': 'https://www.geeknewsnow.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/black-panther-2018-movie-poster.jpg'
    },
    {
        'id': 5,
        'nome': 'Guardiões da Galáxia: Vol.2',
        'url': 'https://karga.pt/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/GuardioesGlaxiaVideoclube.png'
    },
    {
        'id': 6,
        'nome': 'Doutor Estranho',
        'url': 'https://i.pinimg.com/originals/5a/bb/1e/5abb1e4e1272f88e62f9a206c4314e91.jpg'
    }
]

@bp.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

@bp.route('/read')
def listar_filmes():
    return render_template('listar-filmes.html', listaDeFilmes = filmes)

@bp.route('/read/<filme_id>')
def lista_detalhe_filme(filme_id):
    return 'Pagina filme -->' + filme_id

app.register_blueprint(bp)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: lista_detalhe_filme
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -------------------------------------------------------------------
# CREAR NUESTRA API con Flask
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
import traceback
from flask import Flask, jsonify, request, render_template
# Crear el server Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

# Crear el modelo que utilizaremos en la API
from mybert import MyBertModel
modelo = MyBertModel()

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

@app.route("/predict", methods=['POST'] )
def predict():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # Siempre es recomendable colocar nuestro
        # código entre try except para que el servidor
        # no se caiga si llega a fallar algo
        try:
            input_text = str(request.form['input_text'])
            try:
                prediction_text = modelo.predict(input_text)
            except:
                prediction_text = "service is not available at the moment"
            return render_template('index.html', prediction_text=prediction_text)
        except:
            # En caso de falla, retornar el mensaje de error
            return jsonify({'trace': traceback.format_exc()})


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Lanzar server
    app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=5000)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  D) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  E) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  F) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -------------------------------------------------------------------
# CREAR NUESTRA API con Flask
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
import traceback
from flask import Flask, jsonify, request, render_template
# Crear el server Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

# Crear el modelo que utilizaremos en la API
from mybert import MyBertModel
modelo = MyBertModel()

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

@app.route("/predict", methods=['POST'] )
def predict():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # Siempre es recomendable colocar nuestro
        # código entre try except para que el servidor
        # no se caiga si llega a fallar algo
        try:
            input_text = str(request.form['input_text'])
            try:
                prediction_text = modelo.predict(input_text)
            except:
                prediction_text = "service is not available at the moment"
            return render_template('index.html', prediction_text=prediction_text)
        except:
            # En caso de falla, retornar el mensaje de error
            return jsonify({'trace': traceback.format_exc()})


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Lanzar server
    app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=5000)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: predict
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash
from flask.ext.login import current_user
from flask import render_template, request, url_for, flash, redirect
from flask.ext.login import login_user, login_required, logout_user
from ..models import Customer
from .forms import LoginForm
from . import auth
from .. import mongo

@auth.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    form = LoginForm()
    if current_user.is_authenticated():
        flash("You've been logged in.")
        redirect(url_for('main.index'))

    if form.validate_on_submit():
        customer = mongo.db.customers.find_one({'email': form.email.data})
        if customer is not None and check_password_hash(customer['password'],
                form.password.data):
            # login_user(customer, form.remember_me.data)
            login_user(Customer(customer['email']))
            return redirect(request.args.get('next')
                    or url_for('main.index'))
        flash('Invalid email or password')
    return render_template('auth/login.html', form=form)

@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    flash('You have been logged out.')
    return redirect(url_for('main.index'))

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  B) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  C) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  D) CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
  E) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  F) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash
from flask.ext.login import current_user
from flask import render_template, request, url_for, flash, redirect
from flask.ext.login import login_user, login_required, logout_user
from ..models import Customer
from .forms import LoginForm
from . import auth
from .. import mongo

@auth.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    form = LoginForm()
    if current_user.is_authenticated():
        flash("You've been logged in.")
        redirect(url_for('main.index'))

    if form.validate_on_submit():
        customer = mongo.db.customers.find_one({'email': form.email.data})
        if customer is not None and check_password_hash(customer['password'],
                form.password.data):
            # login_user(customer, form.remember_me.data)
            login_user(Customer(customer['email']))
            return redirect(request.args.get('next')
                    or url_for('main.index'))
        flash('Invalid email or password')
    return render_template('auth/login.html', form=form)

@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    flash('You have been logged out.')
    return redirect(url_for('main.index'))

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) logout
  B) login
Answer: B