OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, request  

app = Flask(__name__) 

distance = 0.1

@app.route("/") 
def home(): 
    global distance
    return render_template('test8/page.html', distance=distance)

@app.route("/setdistance", methods=["POST"])
def setdistance():
    global distance
    distance = float(request.form["distance"])
    print("set distance to", distance)
    return redirect(request.referrer)   

app.run(debug = True)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: setdistance
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin

import requests
from flask import request, redirect, url_for
from mongoengine import DoesNotExist


def redirect_back(default='blog.index', **kwargs):
    """跳转到请求中指定的地址（或发送请求的页面）

    尝试从当前请求的next查询参数以及Referer首部字段中获取要跳转的页面地址，
    并对改地址进行安全性校验，next查询参数需要在发送请求时传入。
    :param default: 默认的跳转端点
    :param kwargs: 跳转到默认端点时添加的关键字参数
    """
    for target in request.args.get('next'), request.referrer:
        if not target:
            continue
        elif is_safe_url(target):
            return redirect(target)
    return redirect(url_for(default, **kwargs))


def is_safe_url(target):
    """校验跳转的目标url是否安全以防止开放重定向攻击

    判断方法是对比目标url与当前请求url的主机地址是否相同，避免将用户跳转到另一站点

    解释：开放重定向出现在应用接受参数并将用户重定向到该参数值，并且没有对该值进行任何校验的时候。
    该参数是可被添加修改的，假设用户点击了一个信任站点的登录链接，但链接中添加了恶意网站地址作为跳转参数（例如next查询参数）
    用户登录后即可能被重定向到恶意站点，并误认为该恶意站点是可信任的（尤其是该恶意站点伪装成信任站点的时候）
    :param target: 要检查的目标url
    :return: 布尔值
    """
    ref_url = urlparse(request.host_url)  # 将请求的主机地址（含协议）解析为6元组(scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment)
    test_url = urlparse(urljoin(request.host_url, target))  # 合并baseurl和url， 优先保留url中的地址（因为target可能是相对地址）
    return test_url.scheme in ('http', 'https') and ref_url.netloc == test_url.netloc  # 对比网址的主机地址


def submit_url_to_baidu(baidu_url, url):
    """使用request手动提交文章链接到百度站长平台"""
    result = requests.post(baidu_url, data=url)
    return result


def reply_filter(comment, flag=True):
    """在模板中捕获回复的原评论被删除时引发的异常"""
    try:
        return comment.reply_to
    except DoesNotExist:
        return flag

def get_boolean_from_env(key, default=''):
    """从环境变量中获取布尔值"""
    return os.getenv(key, default).lower() not in ('false', '0', 'no')


def get_int_from_env(key, default=0):
    """从环境变量中获取整型"""
    try:
        return int(os.getenv(key, default))
    except ValueError:
        return default


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) get_int_from_env
  B) reply_filter
  C) submit_url_to_baidu
  D) redirect_back
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template,redirect,url_for,flash,request
from . import  auth
from ..models import User
from .forms import RegistrationForm,LoginForm
from .. import db
from flask_login import login_user,logout_user,login_required
from ..email import mail_message

#View functions

#Login route
@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login(): 
  '''Function that returns the login template'''
  login_form = LoginForm()
  if login_form.validate_on_submit(): #confirm if all fields are valid for submission
    user = User.query.filter_by(user_email = login_form.email.data).first()
    if user is not None and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data): #confirm if a user exits/already registered
      login_user(user,login_form.remember.data)
      return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.index'))
    
    flash('Invalid username or password!!')
  
  title = "Impression in 60 seconds login"
  return render_template('auth/login.html',login_form = login_form,title = title)

#Registration route
@auth.route('/register',methods = ["GET","POST"])
def register():
  form = RegistrationForm()
  if form.validate_on_submit():
    user = User(user_email = form.email.data, username = form.username.data,password = form.password.data)
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    
    mail_message("Welcome to Impression in 60 seconds","email/welcome_user",user.user_email,user = user)
    
    return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    title = "New Account"
  return render_template('auth/register.html',registration_form = form)

#Logout route
@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout(): 
  logout_user()
  return redirect(url_for("main.index"))
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  B) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  E) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  F) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template,redirect,url_for,flash,request
from . import  auth
from ..models import User
from .forms import RegistrationForm,LoginForm
from .. import db
from flask_login import login_user,logout_user,login_required
from ..email import mail_message

#View functions

#Login route
@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login(): 
  '''Function that returns the login template'''
  login_form = LoginForm()
  if login_form.validate_on_submit(): #confirm if all fields are valid for submission
    user = User.query.filter_by(user_email = login_form.email.data).first()
    if user is not None and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data): #confirm if a user exits/already registered
      login_user(user,login_form.remember.data)
      return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.index'))
    
    flash('Invalid username or password!!')
  
  title = "Impression in 60 seconds login"
  return render_template('auth/login.html',login_form = login_form,title = title)

#Registration route
@auth.route('/register',methods = ["GET","POST"])
def register():
  form = RegistrationForm()
  if form.validate_on_submit():
    user = User(user_email = form.email.data, username = form.username.data,password = form.password.data)
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    
    mail_message("Welcome to Impression in 60 seconds","email/welcome_user",user.user_email,user = user)
    
    return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    title = "New Account"
  return render_template('auth/register.html',registration_form = form)

#Logout route
@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout(): 
  logout_user()
  return redirect(url_for("main.index"))
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) login
  B) logout
  C) register
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import render_template,redirect,url_for,flash,request
from . import  auth
from ..models import User
from .forms import RegistrationForm,LoginForm
from .. import db
from flask_login import login_user,logout_user,login_required
from ..email import mail_message

#View functions

#Login route
@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login(): 
  '''Function that returns the login template'''
  login_form = LoginForm()
  if login_form.validate_on_submit(): #confirm if all fields are valid for submission
    user = User.query.filter_by(user_email = login_form.email.data).first()
    if user is not None and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data): #confirm if a user exits/already registered
      login_user(user,login_form.remember.data)
      return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.index'))
    
    flash('Invalid username or password!!')
  
  title = "Impression in 60 seconds login"
  return render_template('auth/login.html',login_form = login_form,title = title)

#Registration route
@auth.route('/register',methods = ["GET","POST"])
def register():
  form = RegistrationForm()
  if form.validate_on_submit():
    user = User(user_email = form.email.data, username = form.username.data,password = form.password.data)
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    
    mail_message("Welcome to Impression in 60 seconds","email/welcome_user",user.user_email,user = user)
    
    return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    title = "New Account"
  return render_template('auth/register.html',registration_form = form)

#Logout route
@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout(): 
  logout_user()
  return redirect(url_for("main.index"))
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: login
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request
app = Flask(__name__)


def shutdown_server():
        func = request.environ.get('werkzeug.server.shutdown')
        if func is None:
                raise RuntimeError('Not running with the Werkzeug Server')
        func()

@app.route('/')
def authorize():
        print(request.args['oauth_verifier'])
        shutdown_server()
        return "Thank you, you can close the tab"

@app.route('/test')
def test():
        return "Hello!"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) test
  B) shutdown_server
  C) authorize
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request
app = Flask(__name__)


def shutdown_server():
        func = request.environ.get('werkzeug.server.shutdown')
        if func is None:
                raise RuntimeError('Not running with the Werkzeug Server')
        func()

@app.route('/')
def authorize():
        print(request.args['oauth_verifier'])
        shutdown_server()
        return "Thank you, you can close the tab"

@app.route('/test')
def test():
        return "Hello!"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: authorize
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import serial
import time
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

BAUD_RATE = 9600
PORT = '/dev/ttyACM0'

arduino = serial.Serial(PORT, BAUD_RATE)

class Arm():
    def __init__(self):
        self.servos = [0,0,0,0]
    
    def write(self):
        angles = self.servos
        
        msg =''
        for angle in angles:
            msg += str(angle).zfill(3)
        arduino.write(msg)
        time.sleep(3)
    
    def update(self,servo_id, angle):
        self.servos[int(servo_id)] = int(angle)
        self.write()

arm = Arm()

@app.route('/servo/<servo_id>/<angle>')
def servo0(servo_id,angle):
    arm.update(servo_id,angle)
    return "Servo {} is at a {} angle.".format(servo_id, angle)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, threaded=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability?

  A) write
  B) __init__
  C) update
  D) servo0
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import serial
import time
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

BAUD_RATE = 9600
PORT = '/dev/ttyACM0'

arduino = serial.Serial(PORT, BAUD_RATE)

class Arm():
    def __init__(self):
        self.servos = [0,0,0,0]
    
    def write(self):
        angles = self.servos
        
        msg =''
        for angle in angles:
            msg += str(angle).zfill(3)
        arduino.write(msg)
        time.sleep(3)
    
    def update(self,servo_id, angle):
        self.servos[int(servo_id)] = int(angle)
        self.write()

arm = Arm()

@app.route('/servo/<servo_id>/<angle>')
def servo0(servo_id,angle):
    arm.update(servo_id,angle)
    return "Servo {} is at a {} angle.".format(servo_id, angle)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, threaded=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: servo0
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

from PIL import Image
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto import Random
from argparse import ArgumentParser

def encrypt_image(image, key, iv=b''):
    image_array = bytes(image.tostring())
    padding_length = AES.block_size - len(image_array) % AES.block_size
    image_array += bytes(padding_length * ".", "UTF-8") # Just an arbitrary padding byte

    mode = AES.MODE_CBC if iv else AES.MODE_ECB
    aes = AES.new(key, mode, iv)

    encrypted_image = aes.encrypt(image_array)
    encrypted_image = encrypted_image[:-padding_length]

    return Image.fromstring("RGB", image.size, encrypted_image, "raw", "RGB")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = ArgumentParser(description="Encrypt images with AES ECB/CBC")

    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
    group.add_argument("-cbc", "--cbc", action="store_true")
    group.add_argument("-ecb", "--ecb", action="store_true")

    parser.add_argument("input_file", help="Input file")
    parser.add_argument("output_file", help="Output file")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    image = Image.open(args.input_file).convert('RGBA').convert('RGB') # The example Tux.png is in palette mode with transparency, and needs to be converted to RGBA first
                                                                       # TODO: Find a better way to do this in a general way

    key = Random.new().read(AES.key_size[0])

    if args.ecb:
        encrypt_image(image, key).save(args.output_file)
    else:
        iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
        encrypt_image(image, key, iv).save(args.output_file)


```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  D) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  E) CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
  F) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from django_date_extensions.fields import ApproximateDate
from rest_framework import serializers


class ApproximateDateSerializerField(serializers.Field):
    """
    Date objects are serialized to an ApproximateDate object.
    """
    def to_representation(self, value):
        return str(value)

    def to_internal_value(self, data):
        if len(data) == 0:
            return ""
        year, month, day = [0, 0, 0]
        dates = data.split('-')
        if len(dates) == 1:
            year = dates[0]
            month = 0
            day = 0
        elif len(dates) == 2:
            year, month = dates
            day = 0
        elif len(dates) == 3:
            year, month, day = dates

        try:
            return ApproximateDate(int(year), int(month), int(day))
        except ValueError as e:
            msg = 'Invalid date: %s' % str(e)
            raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  D) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  E) CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  F) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from django_date_extensions.fields import ApproximateDate
from rest_framework import serializers


class ApproximateDateSerializerField(serializers.Field):
    """
    Date objects are serialized to an ApproximateDate object.
    """
    def to_representation(self, value):
        return str(value)

    def to_internal_value(self, data):
        if len(data) == 0:
            return ""
        year, month, day = [0, 0, 0]
        dates = data.split('-')
        if len(dates) == 1:
            year = dates[0]
            month = 0
            day = 0
        elif len(dates) == 2:
            year, month = dates
            day = 0
        elif len(dates) == 3:
            year, month, day = dates

        try:
            return ApproximateDate(int(year), int(month), int(day))
        except ValueError as e:
            msg = 'Invalid date: %s' % str(e)
            raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) to_representation
  B) ApproximateDateSerializerField
  C) to_internal_value
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from django_date_extensions.fields import ApproximateDate
from rest_framework import serializers


class ApproximateDateSerializerField(serializers.Field):
    """
    Date objects are serialized to an ApproximateDate object.
    """
    def to_representation(self, value):
        return str(value)

    def to_internal_value(self, data):
        if len(data) == 0:
            return ""
        year, month, day = [0, 0, 0]
        dates = data.split('-')
        if len(dates) == 1:
            year = dates[0]
            month = 0
            day = 0
        elif len(dates) == 2:
            year, month = dates
            day = 0
        elif len(dates) == 3:
            year, month, day = dates

        try:
            return ApproximateDate(int(year), int(month), int(day))
        except ValueError as e:
            msg = 'Invalid date: %s' % str(e)
            raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: to_internal_value
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
def merge(dbag, data):
    search(dbag, data['mac_address'])
    # A duplicate ip address wil clobber the old value
    # This seems desirable ....
    if "add" in data and data['add'] is False and "ipv4_adress" in data:
        if data['ipv4_adress'] in dbag:
            del (dbag[data['ipv4_adress']])
        return dbag
    else:
        dbag[data['ipv4_adress']] = data
    return dbag


def search(dbag, mac_address):
    """
    Dirty hack because CS does not deprovision hosts
    """
    hosts = []
    for o in dbag:
        if o == 'id':
            continue
        print("%s %s" % (dbag[o]['mac_address'], mac_address))
        if dbag[o]['mac_address'] == mac_address:
            hosts.append(o)
    for o in hosts:
        del (dbag[o])

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) merge
  B) search
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
def merge(dbag, data):
    search(dbag, data['mac_address'])
    # A duplicate ip address wil clobber the old value
    # This seems desirable ....
    if "add" in data and data['add'] is False and "ipv4_adress" in data:
        if data['ipv4_adress'] in dbag:
            del (dbag[data['ipv4_adress']])
        return dbag
    else:
        dbag[data['ipv4_adress']] = data
    return dbag


def search(dbag, mac_address):
    """
    Dirty hack because CS does not deprovision hosts
    """
    hosts = []
    for o in dbag:
        if o == 'id':
            continue
        print("%s %s" % (dbag[o]['mac_address'], mac_address))
        if dbag[o]['mac_address'] == mac_address:
            hosts.append(o)
    for o in hosts:
        del (dbag[o])

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: search
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
import subprocess
import cgi

print("content-type: text/html")
print()

mydata = cgi.FieldStorage()
myx = mydata.getvalue("c")
myy = mydata.getvalue("d")

if myx == str(1):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo date")
    print(output)
elif myx == str(2):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo cal")
    print(output)
elif myx == str(3):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo docker create -it centos")
    print(output)
elif myx == str(4):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo docker ps")
    print(output)
elif myx == str(5):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo docker images")
    print(output)
elif myx == str(6):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo firefox")
    print(output)
elif myx == str(7):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo firefox https://google.com")
    print(output)
elif myx == str(8):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo ls")
    print(output)
elif myx == str(9):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo pwd")
    print(output)
elif myx == str(10):
    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo mkdir Newclearfolder")
    print(output)
else:
    print()

    output = subprocess.getoutput("sudo " + myy)
    print(output)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
  B) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  C) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  D) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  E) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  F) CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Log out handler (``/logout``)."""

from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, status
from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse

from gafaelfawr.dependencies.context import RequestContext, context_dependency
from gafaelfawr.dependencies.return_url import return_url
from gafaelfawr.models.state import State

router = APIRouter()

__all__ = ["get_logout"]


@router.get(
    "/logout",
    responses={307: {"description": "Redirect to landing page"}},
    status_code=status.HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT,
    summary="Log out",
    tags=["browser"],
)
async def get_logout(
    return_url: Optional[str] = Depends(return_url),
    context: RequestContext = Depends(context_dependency),
) -> RedirectResponse:
    """Log out and redirect the user.

    The user is redirected to the URL given in the rd parameter, if any, and
    otherwise to the after_logout_url configuration setting.

    If the user was logged in via GitHub (and Gafaelfawr is still configured
    to use GitHub), the GitHub OAuth authorization grant is also revoked.
    """
    if context.state.token:
        auth_provider = context.factory.create_provider()
        await auth_provider.logout(context.state)
        context.logger.info("Successful logout")
    else:
        context.logger.info("Logout of already-logged-out session")
    context.state = State()

    if not return_url:
        return_url = context.config.after_logout_url
    return RedirectResponse(return_url)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute
  B) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  C) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
  F) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import re
import logging
from rest_framework import generics
from rest_framework import response
from rest_framework import status
from bluebottle.payments_logger.models import PaymentLogLevels, PaymentLogEntry

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


# TODO: limit status change notifications to docdata IPs
class GenericStatusChangedNotificationView(generics.GenericAPIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        # is it 'order' what I am looking for?
        if 'order' in request.query_params:
            order_id = request.query_params['order']
            if re.match('^[0-9]+-[0-9]+$', order_id):

                # Try to find the payment for this order.
                payment = self._find_payment(order_id)

                # Update the status for the payment.
                self._update_status(payment, order_id)

                # Return 200 as required by DocData when the status changed notification was consumed.
                return response.Response(status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
            else:
                logger.error(
                    'Could not match order {0} to update payment status.'.format(
                        order_id))
        return response.Response(status=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)

    def _update_status(self, payment, order_id):
        status_log = PaymentLogEntry(payment=payment,
                                     level=PaymentLogLevels.info)
        status_log.message = 'Received status changed notification for merchant_order_reference {0}.'.format(
            order_id)
        status_log.save()

        # The following we had in cowry_docdata, don't know if we need it here.
        # if so we have to implement a update_payment_status method in the adapter(?)
        # payments.update_payment_status(payment, status_changed_notification=True)

    def _find_payment(self, order_id):
        # TODO: To be implemented in the sub classes
        # for example like this
        # try:
        #     payment = PaymentClass.objects.get(merchant_order_reference=order_id)
        # except PaymentClass.DoesNotExist:
        #     logger.error('Could not find order {0} to update payment status.'.format(order_id))
        #     return response.Response(status=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
        # return payment
        pass

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-117: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs` vulnerability.
Answer: get
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# coding:utf8

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# from Crypto.
#
# (public_key, private_key) = rsa.newkeys(1024)
# print(chr(10)+"公钥：")
# print(public_key.save_pkcs1())
# print(chr(10)+"公钥：")
# print(public_key.save_pkcs1())

from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5 as PKCS1_cipher
import base64

import sys

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')


def get_rsa_key():
    random_generator = Random.new().read
    rsa = RSA.generate(1024, random_generator)
    private_key = rsa.exportKey()
    public_key = rsa.publickey().exportKey()
    return private_key, public_key


def decode(key, rsa_text):
    pri_key = RSA.importKey(key)
    cipher = PKCS1_cipher.new(pri_key)
    back_text = cipher.decrypt(base64.b64decode(rsa_text), 0)
    # print(back_text.decode('utf-8'))
    return back_text.decode('utf-8')


def encode(key, origin_text):
    pub_key = RSA.importKey(str(key))
    cipher = PKCS1_cipher.new(pub_key)
    rsa_text = base64.b64encode(cipher.encrypt(bytes(origin_text.encode("utf8"))))
    # print(rsa_text.decode('utf-8'))
    return rsa_text.decode('utf-8')


# pri, pub = get_rsa_key()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    # o = 'ofdireoiver'

    # r = encode(pub, o)
    # print(decode(pri, r))

    print("""               --* Hello *-- 
                   欢迎使用RSA安全数据传输脚本 by 蓝一潇
                               使用方法：

    1）键入a可以产生一个密钥对，将公钥发送给向你共享数据的人。（请不要多次按a，否则将改变私钥）
    2）键入b之后输入密文数据，便可以进行解密。
    """)

    mode = raw_input('>>>(a/b)?')

    if mode == 'a':
        pri, pub = get_rsa_key()
        with open('priKey.rsa', 'wb') as f:
            f.write(pri)
            f.close()
        print('您的rsa公钥如下，请发送给共享数据的人：\n' + pub)

    if mode == 'b':
        print('请复制密文，放置于此：')
        cry_text = raw_input('>>>')
        with open('priKey.rsa') as f:
            pri = f.read()
            f.close()
        origin = decode(pri, cry_text)
        print('明文如下：\n' + origin)
        # print('b')

    if mode == 'c':
        with open('pub.txt') as f:
            pub = f.read()
            f.close()
        # origin = raw_input('>>>')
        with open('origin.txt') as f:
            origin = f.read()
            f.close()
        print(encode(pub, origin))





```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength` vulnerability?

  A) decode
  B) get_rsa_key
  C) encode
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# coding:utf8

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# from Crypto.
#
# (public_key, private_key) = rsa.newkeys(1024)
# print(chr(10)+"公钥：")
# print(public_key.save_pkcs1())
# print(chr(10)+"公钥：")
# print(public_key.save_pkcs1())

from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5 as PKCS1_cipher
import base64

import sys

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')


def get_rsa_key():
    random_generator = Random.new().read
    rsa = RSA.generate(1024, random_generator)
    private_key = rsa.exportKey()
    public_key = rsa.publickey().exportKey()
    return private_key, public_key


def decode(key, rsa_text):
    pri_key = RSA.importKey(key)
    cipher = PKCS1_cipher.new(pri_key)
    back_text = cipher.decrypt(base64.b64decode(rsa_text), 0)
    # print(back_text.decode('utf-8'))
    return back_text.decode('utf-8')


def encode(key, origin_text):
    pub_key = RSA.importKey(str(key))
    cipher = PKCS1_cipher.new(pub_key)
    rsa_text = base64.b64encode(cipher.encrypt(bytes(origin_text.encode("utf8"))))
    # print(rsa_text.decode('utf-8'))
    return rsa_text.decode('utf-8')


# pri, pub = get_rsa_key()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    # o = 'ofdireoiver'

    # r = encode(pub, o)
    # print(decode(pri, r))

    print("""               --* Hello *-- 
                   欢迎使用RSA安全数据传输脚本 by 蓝一潇
                               使用方法：

    1）键入a可以产生一个密钥对，将公钥发送给向你共享数据的人。（请不要多次按a，否则将改变私钥）
    2）键入b之后输入密文数据，便可以进行解密。
    """)

    mode = raw_input('>>>(a/b)?')

    if mode == 'a':
        pri, pub = get_rsa_key()
        with open('priKey.rsa', 'wb') as f:
            f.write(pri)
            f.close()
        print('您的rsa公钥如下，请发送给共享数据的人：\n' + pub)

    if mode == 'b':
        print('请复制密文，放置于此：')
        cry_text = raw_input('>>>')
        with open('priKey.rsa') as f:
            pri = f.read()
            f.close()
        origin = decode(pri, cry_text)
        print('明文如下：\n' + origin)
        # print('b')

    if mode == 'c':
        with open('pub.txt') as f:
            pub = f.read()
            f.close()
        # origin = raw_input('>>>')
        with open('origin.txt') as f:
            origin = f.read()
            f.close()
        print(encode(pub, origin))





```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength` vulnerability.
Answer: get_rsa_key
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework import serializers

from cmdb.models import Model, Field, Value
from cmdb.tools.field import validate_field_value


class ValueModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    模型实例值 Model Serializer
    """
    model = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field='code', queryset=Model.objects.filter(deleted=False))
    field = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field='code', queryset=Field.objects.filter(deleted=False))

    def validate(self, attrs):
        # 1. 获取到Field，然后校验Field的值
        field = attrs['field']
        instance = attrs['instance']
        if instance.model != attrs['model']:
            raise serializers.ValidationError('传入的Model不匹配')

        # 2. 对值进行校验
        try:
            value = attrs['value']
            # 因为是要保存到数据库Text的类型的，所以使用stringify来校验
            attrs['value'] = validate_field_value(field, value, stringify=True)
        except Exception as e:
            # raise e
            raise serializers.ValidationError('{}'.format(str(e)))

        # 3. 判断Fild是否是唯一的
        if field.unique:
            value = Value.objects.filter(field=field, value=str(value)).first()
            if value and value.instance != instance:
                raise serializers.ValidationError('值为"{}"已经存在，需要唯一'.format(value))
        #
        return attrs

    def create(self, validated_data):
        # 判断是否已经创建了相关的值了
        field = validated_data['field']
        instance = validated_data['instance']

        if not field.multi:
            count = Value.objects.filter(instance=instance, field=field).count()
            if count > 0:
                raise serializers.ValidationError('对象已经创建了字段为{}的值了'.format(field.code))

        value_instance = super().create(validated_data=validated_data)
        return value_instance

    class Meta:
        model = Value
        fields = (
            'id', 'instance', 'model', 'field', 'value',
            'deleted', 'time_added',
        )

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) validate
  B) ValueModelSerializer
  C) create
  D) Meta
Answer: A
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework import serializers

from cmdb.models import Model, Field, Value
from cmdb.tools.field import validate_field_value


class ValueModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    模型实例值 Model Serializer
    """
    model = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field='code', queryset=Model.objects.filter(deleted=False))
    field = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field='code', queryset=Field.objects.filter(deleted=False))

    def validate(self, attrs):
        # 1. 获取到Field，然后校验Field的值
        field = attrs['field']
        instance = attrs['instance']
        if instance.model != attrs['model']:
            raise serializers.ValidationError('传入的Model不匹配')

        # 2. 对值进行校验
        try:
            value = attrs['value']
            # 因为是要保存到数据库Text的类型的，所以使用stringify来校验
            attrs['value'] = validate_field_value(field, value, stringify=True)
        except Exception as e:
            # raise e
            raise serializers.ValidationError('{}'.format(str(e)))

        # 3. 判断Fild是否是唯一的
        if field.unique:
            value = Value.objects.filter(field=field, value=str(value)).first()
            if value and value.instance != instance:
                raise serializers.ValidationError('值为"{}"已经存在，需要唯一'.format(value))
        #
        return attrs

    def create(self, validated_data):
        # 判断是否已经创建了相关的值了
        field = validated_data['field']
        instance = validated_data['instance']

        if not field.multi:
            count = Value.objects.filter(instance=instance, field=field).count()
            if count > 0:
                raise serializers.ValidationError('对象已经创建了字段为{}的值了'.format(field.code))

        value_instance = super().create(validated_data=validated_data)
        return value_instance

    class Meta:
        model = Value
        fields = (
            'id', 'instance', 'model', 'field', 'value',
            'deleted', 'time_added',
        )

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: validate
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import pymysql
from flask import Flask, g, make_response, jsonify, request, redirect

app = Flask(__name__)

MYSQL_SETTINGS = {
    'host': '81.70.46.54',
    'user': 'root',
    'password': 'root',
    'database': 'flaskDemo',
    'charset': 'utf8',
    'port': 3306
}


@app.before_request
def first_request():
    # 连接数据库
    conn = pymysql.connect(
        host=MYSQL_SETTINGS['host'],
        user=MYSQL_SETTINGS['user'],
        password=MYSQL_SETTINGS['password'],
        database=MYSQL_SETTINGS['database'],
        charset=MYSQL_SETTINGS['charset'],
        port=MYSQL_SETTINGS['port']
    )
    cur = conn.cursor()
    g.conn = conn
    g.cur = cur


@app.after_request
def after_request(environ):
    # 断开数据库连接
    g.cur.close()
    g.conn.close()
    return environ


def customize_response_cros(data):
    """定制跨域响应体"""
    response = make_response(jsonify(data))
    # 设置响应请求头
    response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = '*'  # 允许使用响应数据的域。也可以利用请求header中的host字段做一个过滤器。
    response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Methods"] = 'POST'  # 允许的请求方法
    response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Headers"] = "x-requested-with,content-type"  # 允许的请求header

    return response


@app.route('/query_data')
def get_news():
    args = request.args
    kw = args.get('kw', '').strip()
    # 检测用户是否有输入内容
    if kw == '':
        data = query_data_from_mysql(g.cur)
    else:
        data = query_data_from_mysql(g.cur, search_key=kw, time_fmt='%m-%d %H:%M')
    if data and len(data) > 0:
        result = {'codes': 200, "data": data}
    else:
        result = {'codes': 500, "data": []}

    return customize_response_cros(result)


def query_data_from_mysql(cur, search_key=None, limit=30, time_fmt='%H:%M'):
    if not search_key:
        sql = f'SELECT title,url,releaseTime FROM news ORDER BY releaseTime DESC limit {limit}'
    else:
        sql = f'SELECT title,url,releaseTime FROM news where LOCATE("{search_key}", title)>0 ORDER BY releaseTime DESC limit {limit}'
    cur.execute(sql)
    result = cur.fetchall()
    new_result = []
    for item in list(result):
        title = item[0][:37] + '...' if len(item[0]) > 39 else item[0]
        releaseTime = item[2].strftime(time_fmt)
        new_result.append([title, item[1], releaseTime])
    return new_result


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8090)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')` vulnerability?

  A) first_request
  B) after_request
  C) get_news
  D) query_data_from_mysql
Answer: D