OctoReasoner/verl_codeql1_aggressive_filtered huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import requests
import random
import time
from lxml import etree
from settings import *
from captcha import checkCaptcha


def start_parse():
    with open("companies.txt", 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        while True:
            if not f.readline():
                break
            company = f.readline().replace("\n", "")
            url = "https://www.tianyancha.com/search?key=" + company
            Headers['User-Agent'] = random.choice(User_Agent_Pool)
            proxies = random.choice(Proxy_Pool)
            try:
                parse_company(url, proxies, Headers)
            except Exception as e:
                print('Error:{}'.format(e))


def parse_company(url, proxies, Headers):
    r = requests.get(url, headers=Headers, cookies=Cookies, proxies=proxies, verify=False)
    html = etree.HTML(r.text)
    title = html.xpath("//title/text()")[0]
    if title == "天眼查校验":
        checkCaptcha()
    datas = html.xpath('//div[@class="search-item"]')
    with open("company_info.txt", 'a', encoding='utf-8')as f:
        for data in datas:
            company_name = ''.join(data.xpath('.//div[@class="header"]/a//text()'))
            company_leader = ''.join(data.xpath('.//div[@class="info"]/div[1]/a/text()'))
            registe_money = ''.join(data.xpath('.//div[@class="info"]/div[2]/span/text()'))
            registe_date = ''.join(data.xpath('.//div[@class="info"]/div[3]/span/text()'))
            tel = ' | '.join(data.xpath('.//div[@class="contact"]/div[1]/span[2]/text()'))
            email = ''.join(data.xpath('.//div[@class="contact"]/div[2]/span[2]/text()'))
            score = data.xpath('.//div[@class="score"]/span[1]/text()')[0]
            line = company_name + '\t' + score + '\n' + '法人代表:' + company_leader + '\t' + '注册资本:' \
                   + registe_money + '\t' + '注册时间:' + registe_date + '\n' + '联系方式:' \
                   + tel + '\t' + '邮箱:' + email + '\n'
            print(line)
            f.write(line)
            f.flush()
    time.sleep(random.random() * random.randint(3, 10))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_parse()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: parse_company
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
from flask import Flask, render_template
import io

from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flaskext.markdown import Markdown

SONGS_PATH = Path('songs/')

app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = 'dev'

# set default button sytle and size, will be overwritten by macro parameters
app.config['BOOTSTRAP_BTN_STYLE'] = 'primary'
app.config['BOOTSTRAP_BTN_SIZE'] = 'sm'

bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)
Markdown(app, extensions=["nl2br"])


def load_songs():
    files = SONGS_PATH.glob("*.md")

    songs = []
    for fn in files:
        song_name = fn.name.replace('.md', '')
        song_title = song_name.replace('_', ' ').title()
        songs.append((song_name, song_title))

    return songs


@app.route('/')
def index():
    songs = load_songs()
    return render_template('index.html', songs=songs)

@app.route('/song/<song_name>')
def song(song_name):
    songs = load_songs()
    song_path = SONGS_PATH/f"{song_name}.md"
    with io.open(song_path, mode="r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
        content = fh.read()
    song = dict(
        title=dict(songs)[song_name],
        content=content
    )
    return render_template('song.html', songs=songs, song=song)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  B) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  C) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  D) CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  E) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  F) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Answer: C,E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
from flask import Flask, render_template
import io

from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flaskext.markdown import Markdown

SONGS_PATH = Path('songs/')

app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = 'dev'

# set default button sytle and size, will be overwritten by macro parameters
app.config['BOOTSTRAP_BTN_STYLE'] = 'primary'
app.config['BOOTSTRAP_BTN_SIZE'] = 'sm'

bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)
Markdown(app, extensions=["nl2br"])


def load_songs():
    files = SONGS_PATH.glob("*.md")

    songs = []
    for fn in files:
        song_name = fn.name.replace('.md', '')
        song_title = song_name.replace('_', ' ').title()
        songs.append((song_name, song_title))

    return songs


@app.route('/')
def index():
    songs = load_songs()
    return render_template('index.html', songs=songs)

@app.route('/song/<song_name>')
def song(song_name):
    songs = load_songs()
    song_path = SONGS_PATH/f"{song_name}.md"
    with io.open(song_path, mode="r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
        content = fh.read()
    song = dict(
        title=dict(songs)[song_name],
        content=content
    )
    return render_template('song.html', songs=songs, song=song)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability?

  A) index
  B) load_songs
  C) song
Answer: C
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
from flask import Flask, render_template
import io

from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flaskext.markdown import Markdown

SONGS_PATH = Path('songs/')

app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = 'dev'

# set default button sytle and size, will be overwritten by macro parameters
app.config['BOOTSTRAP_BTN_STYLE'] = 'primary'
app.config['BOOTSTRAP_BTN_SIZE'] = 'sm'

bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)
Markdown(app, extensions=["nl2br"])


def load_songs():
    files = SONGS_PATH.glob("*.md")

    songs = []
    for fn in files:
        song_name = fn.name.replace('.md', '')
        song_title = song_name.replace('_', ' ').title()
        songs.append((song_name, song_title))

    return songs


@app.route('/')
def index():
    songs = load_songs()
    return render_template('index.html', songs=songs)

@app.route('/song/<song_name>')
def song(song_name):
    songs = load_songs()
    song_path = SONGS_PATH/f"{song_name}.md"
    with io.open(song_path, mode="r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
        content = fh.read()
    song = dict(
        title=dict(songs)[song_name],
        content=content
    )
    return render_template('song.html', songs=songs, song=song)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')` vulnerability.
Answer: song
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from replit import db # importing the database
from encoder import to_json
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect
app = Flask('app', template_folder = "templates")

def process(data):
  d = data.split("_")
  res = {}
  for i in d:
    res[i.split("=")[0]] = eval(i.split("=")[1])
  return res

@app.route('/get_user_data/<user>')
def hello_world(user):
  try:
    return render_template("get.html", name = user, json_data = db[user])
  except:
    return "Invalid!"

@app.route("/register/<name>/<age>/<extra_data>")
def register(name, age, extra_data):
  db[name] = to_json({
    "name": name,
    "age": age,
    "extra_data": process(extra_data)
  })
  return redirect("/")

app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080)
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  B) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
  D) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  E) CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
  F) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from replit import db # importing the database
from encoder import to_json
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect
app = Flask('app', template_folder = "templates")

def process(data):
  d = data.split("_")
  res = {}
  for i in d:
    res[i.split("=")[0]] = eval(i.split("=")[1])
  return res

@app.route('/get_user_data/<user>')
def hello_world(user):
  try:
    return render_template("get.html", name = user, json_data = db[user])
  except:
    return "Invalid!"

@app.route("/register/<name>/<age>/<extra_data>")
def register(name, age, extra_data):
  db[name] = to_json({
    "name": name,
    "age": age,
    "extra_data": process(extra_data)
  })
  return redirect("/")

app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080)
```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')` vulnerability?

  A) register
  B) process
  C) hello_world
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from replit import db # importing the database
from encoder import to_json
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect
app = Flask('app', template_folder = "templates")

def process(data):
  d = data.split("_")
  res = {}
  for i in d:
    res[i.split("=")[0]] = eval(i.split("=")[1])
  return res

@app.route('/get_user_data/<user>')
def hello_world(user):
  try:
    return render_template("get.html", name = user, json_data = db[user])
  except:
    return "Invalid!"

@app.route("/register/<name>/<age>/<extra_data>")
def register(name, age, extra_data):
  db[name] = to_json({
    "name": name,
    "age": age,
    "extra_data": process(extra_data)
  })
  return redirect("/")

app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080)
```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')` vulnerability.
Answer: process
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import tarfile
import requests


REPO_BASE_URL = os.environ.get("PIEDOMAINS_MODEL_URL") or "https://dataverse.harvard.edu/api/access/datafile/7081895"


def download_file(url: str, target: str, file_name: str) -> bool:
    """
    Download file from the server

    Args:
        url (str): url of the resource
        target (str): target resource
        file_name (str): name of the filename to fetch
    Returns:
        bool: The return value. True for success, False otherwise.
    """
    status = True
    try:
        # download the file
        r = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=True, timeout=10)
        open(f"{target}/{file_name}", "wb").write(r.content)
        # untar
        with tarfile.open(f"{target}/{file_name}", "r:gz") as tar_ref:
            safe_extract(tar_ref, target)
        # remove zip file
        os.remove(f"{target}/{file_name}")
    except Exception as exe:
        print(f"Not able to download models {exe}")
        status = False
    return status


def is_within_directory(directory: str, target: str) -> bool:
    abs_directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
    abs_target = os.path.abspath(target)

    prefix = os.path.commonprefix([abs_directory, abs_target])
    return prefix == abs_directory


def safe_extract(tar, path: str = ".", members=None, *, numeric_owner: bool = False) -> None:
    for member in tar.getmembers():
        member_path = os.path.join(path, member.name)
        if not is_within_directory(path, member_path):
            raise Exception("Failed Path Traversal in Tar File")

        tar.extractall(path, members, numeric_owner=numeric_owner)
        return None

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  B) CWE-209: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
  C) CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
  D) CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  E) CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  F) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
"""Simple Server to receive files with a http PUT request."""

from flask import request, jsonify, Flask
from shutil import copyfileobj

# where to store the files
UPLOAD_FOLDER = '/tmp/'

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/upload/<filename>', methods=['PUT'])
def upload(filename):
  """
  Takes the filename from the requests path parameter
  and stores the request body as a file under this 
  name in the UPLOAD_FOLDER.
  """
  
  with open(f'{UPLOAD_FOLDER}/{filename}', 'wb') as f:
        copyfileobj(request.stream, f)

  resp = jsonify({'message': f'{filename} saved'})
  resp.status_code = 200
  return resp

# let's go...
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-730: OWASP Top Ten 2004 Category A9 - Denial of Service
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  D) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  E) CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  F) CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import bcrypt
import getpass


class UserOps:    
    def __init__(self):
        '''
        Prompts the user for a username and password.
        '''
        self.salt = bcrypt.gensalt(log_rounds = 15)
        self.username = input("Please enter a username: ")
        self.password = bcrypt.hashpw(getpass.getpass(prompt='Please enter a password: '), self.salt)

        
    def make_user(self):
        '''
        Authenticates the user to the session username and password, then
        adds the users username and password to data_file via a call to make_data_file().
        '''
                
        # Verification of credentials
        while input("Please enter your username: ") == self.username:
            while bcrypt.checkpw(getpass.getpass(prompt="Please enter your password: "), self.password):
                print("Accepted")
                self.make_data_file()
                return True
            else:
                print("Error, password does not match user")
        else:
            print("Error, username not found")
            self.make_user()

    def pwd_hash(self, password):
        # Simple helper function for make_data_file
        return bcrypt.hashpw(password, self.salt)
            
    def make_data_file(self):
        '''
        Creates a new text file for the user data or modifies an existing data file.
        '''
        
        # Sets the data file path and the folder it is in.
        data_path = os.getcwd() + "/data/"
        data_file = data_path + "data.txt"
    
        # Checks if file exists or higher level folder and makes/appends user data.
        # Else just makes new file and corresponding folder.
        if os.path.isfile(data_file):
            open_filemode = 'a'
        else:
            open_filemode = 'w'
            if not os.path.isdir(data_path):
                os.mkdir(data_path)

        with open(data_file, open_filemode) as output:
            output.write(self.username + ' : ' + self.password + '\n')


def initiate():
    '''
    This starts the whole process
    '''
    while True:
        try:
            if int(input('Welcome to my piece of junk! \nIf you want to make a new user account, press 1. \nPress any other key to exit: ')) == 1:
                UserOps().make_user()
                break
            else:
                quit()
        except ValueError:
            quit()


# So initiate() is not called when the test file is run
if __name__ == '__main__':
    initiate()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability?

  A) make_user
  B) make_data_file
  C) pwd_hash
  D) initiate
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import os
import bcrypt
import getpass


class UserOps:    
    def __init__(self):
        '''
        Prompts the user for a username and password.
        '''
        self.salt = bcrypt.gensalt(log_rounds = 15)
        self.username = input("Please enter a username: ")
        self.password = bcrypt.hashpw(getpass.getpass(prompt='Please enter a password: '), self.salt)

        
    def make_user(self):
        '''
        Authenticates the user to the session username and password, then
        adds the users username and password to data_file via a call to make_data_file().
        '''
                
        # Verification of credentials
        while input("Please enter your username: ") == self.username:
            while bcrypt.checkpw(getpass.getpass(prompt="Please enter your password: "), self.password):
                print("Accepted")
                self.make_data_file()
                return True
            else:
                print("Error, password does not match user")
        else:
            print("Error, username not found")
            self.make_user()

    def pwd_hash(self, password):
        # Simple helper function for make_data_file
        return bcrypt.hashpw(password, self.salt)
            
    def make_data_file(self):
        '''
        Creates a new text file for the user data or modifies an existing data file.
        '''
        
        # Sets the data file path and the folder it is in.
        data_path = os.getcwd() + "/data/"
        data_file = data_path + "data.txt"
    
        # Checks if file exists or higher level folder and makes/appends user data.
        # Else just makes new file and corresponding folder.
        if os.path.isfile(data_file):
            open_filemode = 'a'
        else:
            open_filemode = 'w'
            if not os.path.isdir(data_path):
                os.mkdir(data_path)

        with open(data_file, open_filemode) as output:
            output.write(self.username + ' : ' + self.password + '\n')


def initiate():
    '''
    This starts the whole process
    '''
    while True:
        try:
            if int(input('Welcome to my piece of junk! \nIf you want to make a new user account, press 1. \nPress any other key to exit: ')) == 1:
                UserOps().make_user()
                break
            else:
                quit()
        except ValueError:
            quit()


# So initiate() is not called when the test file is run
if __name__ == '__main__':
    initiate()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information` vulnerability.
Answer: make_data_file
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for, request
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hola_mundo():
    return 'Hola UIP'

@app.route('/relajo')
def relajo():
    return 'Relajo'

@app.route('/hola/<nombre>')
def hola_nombre(nombre):
    return 'Hola %s!' % nombre

@app.route('/edad/<int:edad>')
def validar_votacion(edad):
    if edad > 18:
        return "Puede votar"
    else:
        return "No puede votar"

@app.route('/circulo/<float:radio>')
def calcular_area(radio):
    return 'El area es %f cm' %(3.1416*radio*radio)

@app.route('/admin')
def hola_admin():
    return 'Eres un administrador'

@app.route('/invitado/<invitado>')
def hola_invitado(invitado):
    return 'Bienvenido, %s eres un invitado' % invitado

@app.route('/usuario/<nombre>')
def hola_usuario(nombre):
    if nombre == 'admin':
        return redirect(url_for('hola_admin'))
    else:
        return redirect(url_for('hola_invitado', invitado = nombre))

@app.route('/exito/<nombre>')
def exito(nombre):
    return 'Bienvenido %s' % nombre


@app.route('/login', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        usuario = request.form('nombre')
    else:
        usuario = request.args.get('nombre')
    return redirect(url_for('exito', nombre = usuario))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-377: Insecure Temporary File
  B) CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  C) CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag
  D) CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  E) CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  F) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Answer: E
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multi-select question listing several CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) categories. Your task is to identify which of the listed CWEs are present in the code.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the letter(s) of all correct options, sorted alphabetically and comma-separated, wrapped in a single \boxed{...}. Examples: `\boxed{A}` for one correct, `\boxed{A,C}` for two, `\boxed{A,C,E}` for three. Output the boxed answer ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#! /user/bin/python
# division handles truncation 10/3. ==> 10/3, absolute_import changes where in path is checked for modules
from __future__ import (  # this handles truncation 10/3. ==> 10/3
    absolute_import, division, print_function)

"""
transfer.py
Upload Tool using Paramiko
"""

__author__ = "Joseph Huehnerhoff"
__copyright__ = "NA"
__credits__ = [""]
__license__ = "GPL"
__version__ = "0.1"
__maintainer__ = "NA"
__email__ = "NA"
__status__ = "Developement"

import os

import paramiko


class transfer(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.parm = self.retrieveParm()
        self.ssh = None
        self.ftp = None

    def openConnection(self, server=None, user=None):
        self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(
            paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        self.ssh.connect(self.parm['server'], username=self.parm['user'])
        self.ftp = self.ssh.open_sftp()

    def uploadFile(self, f_in):
        # add changdir to public_html
        self.ftp.put(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), f_in), os.path.join(self.parm['server_dir'], f_in))
        return

    def closeConnection(self):
        self.ftp.close()
        self.ssh.close()
        return

    def retrieveParm(self, f_loc=None):
        dict = {}
        f_in = open(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'transfer.init'), 'r')
        for line in f_in:
            split_line = line.split()
            dict[split_line[0]] = split_line[1]
        f_in.close()
        return dict


if __name__ == "__main__":
    t = transfer()
    t.openConnection()
    t.uploadFile('make')
    t.closeConnection()

```

Which of the following CWE vulnerability categories are present in this code? Multiple options may be correct.

  A) CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  B) CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  C) CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
  D) CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  E) CWE-215: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
  F) CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
Answer: F
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#! /user/bin/python
# division handles truncation 10/3. ==> 10/3, absolute_import changes where in path is checked for modules
from __future__ import (  # this handles truncation 10/3. ==> 10/3
    absolute_import, division, print_function)

"""
transfer.py
Upload Tool using Paramiko
"""

__author__ = "Joseph Huehnerhoff"
__copyright__ = "NA"
__credits__ = [""]
__license__ = "GPL"
__version__ = "0.1"
__maintainer__ = "NA"
__email__ = "NA"
__status__ = "Developement"

import os

import paramiko


class transfer(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.parm = self.retrieveParm()
        self.ssh = None
        self.ftp = None

    def openConnection(self, server=None, user=None):
        self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(
            paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        self.ssh.connect(self.parm['server'], username=self.parm['user'])
        self.ftp = self.ssh.open_sftp()

    def uploadFile(self, f_in):
        # add changdir to public_html
        self.ftp.put(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), f_in), os.path.join(self.parm['server_dir'], f_in))
        return

    def closeConnection(self):
        self.ftp.close()
        self.ssh.close()
        return

    def retrieveParm(self, f_loc=None):
        dict = {}
        f_in = open(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'transfer.init'), 'r')
        for line in f_in:
            split_line = line.split()
            dict[split_line[0]] = split_line[1]
        f_in.close()
        return dict


if __name__ == "__main__":
    t = transfer()
    t.openConnection()
    t.uploadFile('make')
    t.closeConnection()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability?

  A) transfer
  B) uploadFile
  C) retrieveParm
  D) openConnection
Answer: D
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#! /user/bin/python
# division handles truncation 10/3. ==> 10/3, absolute_import changes where in path is checked for modules
from __future__ import (  # this handles truncation 10/3. ==> 10/3
    absolute_import, division, print_function)

"""
transfer.py
Upload Tool using Paramiko
"""

__author__ = "Joseph Huehnerhoff"
__copyright__ = "NA"
__credits__ = [""]
__license__ = "GPL"
__version__ = "0.1"
__maintainer__ = "NA"
__email__ = "NA"
__status__ = "Developement"

import os

import paramiko


class transfer(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.parm = self.retrieveParm()
        self.ssh = None
        self.ftp = None

    def openConnection(self, server=None, user=None):
        self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(
            paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        self.ssh.connect(self.parm['server'], username=self.parm['user'])
        self.ftp = self.ssh.open_sftp()

    def uploadFile(self, f_in):
        # add changdir to public_html
        self.ftp.put(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), f_in), os.path.join(self.parm['server_dir'], f_in))
        return

    def closeConnection(self):
        self.ftp.close()
        self.ssh.close()
        return

    def retrieveParm(self, f_loc=None):
        dict = {}
        f_in = open(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'transfer.init'), 'r')
        for line in f_in:
            split_line = line.split()
            dict[split_line[0]] = split_line[1]
        f_in.close()
        return dict


if __name__ == "__main__":
    t = transfer()
    t.openConnection()
    t.uploadFile('make')
    t.closeConnection()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation` vulnerability.
Answer: openConnection
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
import random
import hmac
import hashlib
import binascii
import base64

class Auth(object):

    def __init__(self, appid, sid, skey):
        self._appid, self._secretid, self._secretkey = str(appid), str(sid), str(skey)

    def setattr_appid(self, appid):
        self._appid = appid

    def setattr_secretid(self, sid):
        self._secretid = sid

    def setattr_secretkey(self, skey):
        self._secretkey = skey

    def get_sign(self, bucket, howlong=30):
        """ GET REUSABLE SIGN

        :param bucket: 图片处理所使用的 bucket
        :param howlong: 签名的有效时长，单位 秒

        :return: 签名字符串
        """
        
        if howlong <= 0:
            raise Exception('Param howlong must be great than 0')

        now = int(time.time())
        rdm = random.randint(0, 999999999)

        text = 'a='+self._appid + '&b='+bucket + '&k='+self._secretid + '&e='+str(now+howlong) + '&t='+str(now) + '&r='+str(rdm) + '&f='
        hexstring = hmac.new(self._secretkey.encode('utf-8'), text.encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha1).hexdigest()
        binstring = binascii.unhexlify(hexstring)

        return base64.b64encode(binstring+text.encode('utf-8')).rstrip()


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm` vulnerability.
Answer: get_sign
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
import json
import os

from actions import allergy
from actions import forecast
from actions import openfood
from actions import place

from flask import Flask
from flask import make_response
from flask import request


# Flask app should start in global layout
app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def index():
    content = '<h1>Jarv webhook</h1>'\
              '<p>Hey, if you\'re searching for Jarvis, '\
              'you\'re in the right place.</p>'\
              '<p>It\'s almost here.</p>'\
              'The webhook is ---> <a href="/webhook">HERE</a>'
    return content


@app.route('/webhook', methods=['POST'])
def webhook():
    req = request.get_json(silent=True, force=True)

#    print("Request:")
#    print(json.dumps(req, indent=4))

    res = process_request(req)
    res = json.dumps(res, indent=4)

    r = make_response(res)
    r.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
    return r


@app.route('/webhook', methods=['GET'])
def webhook_challenge():
    """
    A webhook to return a challenge
    """
    verify_token = request.args.get('hub.verify_token')
    print(verify_token)
    print("Verified token")

    # check whether the verify tokens match
    if verify_token == "api_token":
        # respond with the challenge to confirm
        challenge = request.args.get('hub.challenge')
        return challenge
    else:
        return 'Invalid Request or Verification Token'


def process_request(req):
    print("processing Request")
    res = None
    if req.get("result").get("action") == "weatherForecast":
        print("process weather request")
        res = forecast.make_forecast_webhook_result(req)
    if req.get("result").get("action") == "productInfo":
        print("process openfood request")
        res = openfood.make_product_info_webhook_result(req)
    if req.get("result").get("action") == "storeLocation":
        print("process place request")
        res = place.make_store_location_webhook_result(req)
    if req.get("result").get("action") == "setAllergies":
        print("process setAllergies request")
        res = allergy.set_allergies_intent(req)
    if req.get("result").get("action") == "getAllergies":
        print("process getAllergies request")
        res = allergy.get_allergies_intent(req)

    print('========== RES ==========')
    print(res)
    return res


if __name__ == '__main__':
    port = int(os.getenv('PORT', 5000))
    print("Starting app on port %d" % port)
    app.run(debug=True, port=port, host='0.0.0.0')

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')` vulnerability.
Answer: webhook_challenge
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys
try:
    from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
    from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
except ImportError:
    sys.exit('ERROR: It seems like you are not running Python 3. '
             'This script only works with Python 3!')
import sqlite3
from html import escape

DATABASE_FILE = 'sql-search.sqlite3'

main_doc = '''
<!doctype html>
<html><body>
<h1>SEC community</h1>
	Exiting security bugs and more!
	<h2>User Search</h2>
	Please enter a search string:
	<form method="get">
	    <input type="text" name="search" value="{search}" />
	    <input type="submit" name="send" value="OK" />
	</form>
{result}
</body></html>
'''

result_prefix = '''
<h2>Results</h2>
<table>
<tr><th>Username</th><th>Registered since...</th></tr>
'''

result_row = '''
<tr>
<td>{nick}</td>
<td>{regdate}</td>
</tr>
'''

result_suffix = '''
</table>
'''


class MyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        url_dict = urlparse(self.path)  # parse URL string into dictionary
        get_dict = parse_qs(url_dict.query)  # select query string from URL dictionary
        
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
        self.end_headers()

        search = ''
        result = ''
        if 'search' in get_dict:
            search = get_dict['search'][0]
            
            connection = sqlite3.connect(DATABASE_FILE)  # could also be replaced by a connection to a remote sql server, e.g., a mysql instance
            sql = f"SELECT nick, regdate FROM community_users3 WHERE nick LIKE '{search}'"
            print (f"Executing SQL: {sql}")
            res = connection.execute(sql)

            result = result_prefix
            for row in res:
                result += result_row.format(nick=row[0], regdate=row[1])

            result += result_suffix

        output = main_doc.format(result=result, search=escape(search))
        self.wfile.write(bytes(output, 'UTF-8'))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    server = HTTPServer(('', 8081), MyHandler)
    print ("Starting web server on http://localhost:8081/")
    server.serve_forever()

```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')` vulnerability?

  A) MyHandler
  B) do_GET
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys
try:
    from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
    from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
except ImportError:
    sys.exit('ERROR: It seems like you are not running Python 3. '
             'This script only works with Python 3!')
import sqlite3
from html import escape

DATABASE_FILE = 'sql-search.sqlite3'

main_doc = '''
<!doctype html>
<html><body>
<h1>SEC community</h1>
	Exiting security bugs and more!
	<h2>User Search</h2>
	Please enter a search string:
	<form method="get">
	    <input type="text" name="search" value="{search}" />
	    <input type="submit" name="send" value="OK" />
	</form>
{result}
</body></html>
'''

result_prefix = '''
<h2>Results</h2>
<table>
<tr><th>Username</th><th>Registered since...</th></tr>
'''

result_row = '''
<tr>
<td>{nick}</td>
<td>{regdate}</td>
</tr>
'''

result_suffix = '''
</table>
'''


class MyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        url_dict = urlparse(self.path)  # parse URL string into dictionary
        get_dict = parse_qs(url_dict.query)  # select query string from URL dictionary
        
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
        self.end_headers()

        search = ''
        result = ''
        if 'search' in get_dict:
            search = get_dict['search'][0]
            
            connection = sqlite3.connect(DATABASE_FILE)  # could also be replaced by a connection to a remote sql server, e.g., a mysql instance
            sql = f"SELECT nick, regdate FROM community_users3 WHERE nick LIKE '{search}'"
            print (f"Executing SQL: {sql}")
            res = connection.execute(sql)

            result = result_prefix
            for row in res:
                result += result_row.format(nick=row[0], regdate=row[1])

            result += result_suffix

        output = main_doc.format(result=result, search=escape(search))
        self.wfile.write(bytes(output, 'UTF-8'))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    server = HTTPServer(('', 8081), MyHandler)
    print ("Starting web server on http://localhost:8081/")
    server.serve_forever()

```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')` vulnerability.
Answer: do_GET
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file along with a multiple-choice question listing several function or class names from that file. Your task is to identify which one contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the single letter of the correct option, wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{B}`. Output the boxed letter ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect
import app_functions as func
from flask_mysqldb import MySQL
import yaml

app = Flask(__name__)

mdb = yaml.load(open('db.yaml'))
app.config['MYSQL_HOST'] = mdb['mysql_host']
app.config['MYSQL_USER'] = mdb['mysql_user']
app.config['MYSQL_PASSWORD'] = mdb['mysql_password']
app.config['MYSQL_DB'] = mdb['mysql_db']

mysql = MySQL(app)


@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        movieDetails = request.form
        movie_title = movieDetails['movie']
        return redirect(f'/similar_movies/{movie_title}')
    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route("/similar_movies/<title>")
def hello_world(title):
    same_genre = func.get_same_genre(mysql, title)
    count_of_similar_words = func.get_similar_words(mysql, title)
    the_three_most_similar = func.get_three_most_similar(same_genre, count_of_similar_words)
    return render_template('return_page.html', most_similar=the_three_most_similar)


if __name__=='__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)


```

Which of the following functions or classes contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability?

  A) hello_world
  B) index
Answer: B
system: You are an expert security code reviewer. You will be shown a source code file. Your task is to name the single function or class that contains the specified CWE vulnerability.

OUTPUT FORMAT: Respond with the exact function or class name (no parentheses, no qualifiers, no module prefixes), wrapped in \boxed{...}. Example: `\boxed{salted_hmac}`. Output the boxed name ONLY -- no explanation, no other text.

user: ```python
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect
import app_functions as func
from flask_mysqldb import MySQL
import yaml

app = Flask(__name__)

mdb = yaml.load(open('db.yaml'))
app.config['MYSQL_HOST'] = mdb['mysql_host']
app.config['MYSQL_USER'] = mdb['mysql_user']
app.config['MYSQL_PASSWORD'] = mdb['mysql_password']
app.config['MYSQL_DB'] = mdb['mysql_db']

mysql = MySQL(app)


@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        movieDetails = request.form
        movie_title = movieDetails['movie']
        return redirect(f'/similar_movies/{movie_title}')
    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route("/similar_movies/<title>")
def hello_world(title):
    same_genre = func.get_same_genre(mysql, title)
    count_of_similar_words = func.get_similar_words(mysql, title)
    the_three_most_similar = func.get_three_most_similar(same_genre, count_of_similar_words)
    return render_template('return_page.html', most_similar=the_three_most_similar)


if __name__=='__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)


```

Name the function or class in this code that contains a `CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')` vulnerability.
Answer: index