Problem:
Problem B:
Expected Allowance
Hideyuki is allowed by his father Ujisato some 1000 yen bills every month for his pocket money.
In the first day of every month, the number of bills is decided as follows. Ujisato prepares
n
pieces of
m
-sided dice and declares the cutback
k
. Hideyuki rolls these dice. The number of
bills given is the sum of the spots of the rolled dice decreased by the cutback. Fortunately to
Hideyuki, Ujisato promises him to give at least one bill, even if the sum of the spots does not
exceed the cutback. Each of the dice has spots of 1 through m inclusive on each side, and the
probability of each side is the same.
In this problem, you are asked to write a program that finds the expected value of the number
of given bills.
For example, when
n
= 2,
m
= 6 and
k
= 3, the probabilities of the number of bills being 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are 1/36 + 2/36 + 3/36, 4/36, 5/36, 6/36, 5/36, 4/36, 3/36, 2/36 and 1/36, respectively.
Therefore, the expected value is
(1/36 + 2/36 + 3/36) × 1 + 4/36 × 2 + 5/36 × 3 + 6/36 × 4 + 5/36 × 5 + 4/36 × 6 + 3/36 × 7 + 2/36 × 8 + 1/36 × 9, which is approximately 4.11111111.
Input
The input is a sequence of lines each of which contains three integers n, m and k in this order.
They satisfy the following conditions.
1 ≤
n
2 ≤
m
0 ≤
k
<
nm
nm
×
m
n
< 100000000 (10
8
)
The end of the input is indicated by a line containing three zeros.
Output
The output should be comprised of lines each of which contains a single decimal fraction. It is
the expected number of bills and may have an error less than 10
-7
. No other characters should
occur in the output.
Sample Input
2 6 0
2 6 3
3 10 9
13 3 27
1 2008 3
0 0 0
Output for the Sample Input
7.00000000
4.11111111
7.71000000
1.42902599
1001.50298805

Submitted solutions:

code_snippet: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
// #include<atcoder/all>
// #include<boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp>

using namespace std;
// using namespace atcoder;
// using bint = boost::multiprecision::cpp_int;
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int,int>;
using pll = pair<ll,ll>;
using vi = vector<ll>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;
using vvvi = vector<vvi>;
using ve = vector<vector<int>>;
using vb = vector<bool>;
using vvb = vector<vb>;
#define rep(i,s,n) for(ll i = (ll)s;i < (ll)n;i++)
#define rrep(i,l,r) for(ll i = r-1;i >= l;i--)
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define sz(c) ((ll)(c).size())
#define LB(A,x) (int)(lower_bound(A.begin(),A.end(),x)-A.begin())
#define UB(A,x) (int)(upper_bound(A.begin(),A.end(),x)-A.begin())
// #define MOD 1000000007
#define MOD 998244353
template<typename T>using min_priority_queue=priority_queue<T,vector<T>,greater<T>>;
template<typename T>ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,vector<T>&v){for(int i = 0;i < v.size();i++)os<<v[i]<<(i+1!=v.size()?" ":"");return os;}
template<typename T>istream&operator>>(istream&is,vector<T>&v){for(T&in:v)is>>in;return is;}
template<typename T1,typename T2>ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,pair<T1,T2>&p){os<<p.first<<" "<<p.second;return os;}
template<typename T1,typename T2>istream&operator>>(istream&is,pair<T1,T2>&p){is>>p.first>>p.second;return is;}
template<typename T> inline bool chmax(T &a,T b){if(a < b){a = b;return true;}return false;}
template<typename T> inline bool chmin(T &a,T b){if(a > b){a = b;return true;}return false;}
ld dist(ld x1,ld y1,ld x2, ld y2){return sqrtl((x1-x2)*(x1-x2)+(y1-y2)*(y1-y2));}


int main(){
  
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0);
  while(1){
    ll n,m,K;cin >> n >> m >> K;
    if(!n)break;
    ld res = 0;
    auto dfs = [&](auto &dfs,int dep,ll sm)->void{
      if(dep == n){
        res += max(sm-K,1ll);
        return ;
      }
      rep(i,1,m+1)dfs(dfs,dep+1,sm+i);
    };
    dfs(dfs,0,0);
    ll de = 1;
    rep(i,0,n)de *= m;
    res /= de;
    cout << fixed << setprecision(20) << res << "\n";
  }
  

  return 0;
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 110
memory_kb: 3464
final_rank: 15

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define per(i, n) for (int i = (n)-1; i >= 0; i--)
#define rep2(i, l, r) for (int i = (l); i < (r); i++)
#define per2(i, l, r) for (int i = (r)-1; i >= (l); i--)
#define each(e, v) for (auto &e : v)
#define MM << " " <<
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define all(x) begin(x), end(x)
#define rall(x) rbegin(x), rend(x)
#define sz(x) (int)x.size()
using ll = long long;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using pil = pair<int, ll>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>;
using pll = pair<ll, ll>;

template <typename T>
using minheap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;

template <typename T>
using maxheap = priority_queue<T>;

template <typename T>
bool chmax(T &x, const T &y) {
    return (x < y) ? (x = y, true) : false;
}

template <typename T>
bool chmin(T &x, const T &y) {
    return (x > y) ? (x = y, true) : false;
}

template <typename T>
int flg(T x, int i) {
    return (x >> i) & 1;
}

template <typename T>
void print(const vector<T> &v, T x = 0) {
    int n = v.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << v[i] + x << (i == n - 1 ? '\n' : ' ');
    if (v.empty()) cout << '\n';
}

template <typename T>
void printn(const vector<T> &v, T x = 0) {
    int n = v.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << v[i] + x << '\n';
}

template <typename T>
int lb(const vector<T> &v, T x) {
    return lower_bound(begin(v), end(v), x) - begin(v);
}

template <typename T>
int ub(const vector<T> &v, T x) {
    return upper_bound(begin(v), end(v), x) - begin(v);
}

template <typename T>
void rearrange(vector<T> &v) {
    sort(begin(v), end(v));
    v.erase(unique(begin(v), end(v)), end(v));
}

template <typename T>
vector<int> id_sort(const vector<T> &v, bool greater = false) {
    int n = v.size();
    vector<int> ret(n);
    iota(begin(ret), end(ret), 0);
    sort(begin(ret), end(ret), [&](int i, int j) { return greater ? v[i] > v[j] : v[i] < v[j]; });
    return ret;
}

template <typename S, typename T>
pair<S, T> operator+(const pair<S, T> &p, const pair<S, T> &q) {
    return make_pair(p.first + q.first, p.second + q.second);
}

template <typename S, typename T>
pair<S, T> operator-(const pair<S, T> &p, const pair<S, T> &q) {
    return make_pair(p.first - q.first, p.second - q.second);
}

template <typename S, typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<S, T> &p) {
    S a;
    T b;
    is >> a >> b;
    p = make_pair(a, b);
    return is;
}

template <typename S, typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<S, T> &p) {
    return os << p.first << ' ' << p.second;
}

struct io_setup {
    io_setup() {
        ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
        cin.tie(NULL);
        cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
    }
} io_setup;

const int inf = (1 << 30) - 1;
const ll INF = (1LL << 60) - 1;
// const int MOD = 1000000007;
const int MOD = 998244353;

void solve() {
    int N, M, K;
    cin >> N >> M >> K;

    if (N == 0) exit(0);

    using ld = long double;
    int L = N * M;

    vector<ld> dp(L + 1, 0), ndp(L + 1, 0);
    dp[0] = 1;

    rep(i, N) {
        fill(all(ndp), 0);
        rep(j, L) {
            rep2(k, 1, M + 1) {
                if (j + k <= L) ndp[j + k] += dp[j] / M;
            }
        }
        swap(dp, ndp);
    }

    ld ans = 0;

    rep(i, L + 1) { ans += dp[i] * max(1, i - K); }
    cout << ans << '\n';
}

int main() {
    while (true) solve();
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 90
memory_kb: 3556
final_rank: 12

code_snippet: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int n, m, k;
double ans;

void dfs(double p, int t, int tot){
    if(t == n){
        ans += p * max(1, tot - k);
        return;
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++){
        dfs(p / m, t + 1, tot + i);
    }
}

int main(){
    cout << fixed << setprecision(12);
    while(1){
        cin >> n >> m >> k;
        if(n == 0) break;
        ans = 0;
        dfs(1.0, 0, 0);
        cout << ans << "\n";
    }
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 60
memory_kb: 3300
final_rank: 9

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

int main(){
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
	cout << fixed << setprecision(20);
	
	while(true) {
		int n,m,k; cin >> n >> m >> k; if(n == 0 && m == 0 && k == 0) break;
		vector<double> dp(n * m + 1, 0.0);
		dp[0] = 1.0;
		rep(i,n) {
			vector<double> nt(n * m + 1, 0.0);
			rep(j,n*m)rep(k,m) nt[j + k + 1] += dp[j] / (double)m;
			swap(nt, dp);
		}

		double ans = 0.0;
		rep(i,n*m+1) ans += (i <= k ? dp[i] : dp[i] * (i - k));
		cout << ans << endl;
	}
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 80
memory_kb: 3672
final_rank: 11

code_snippet: #define rep(i, n) for(int i=0; i<(n); ++i)
#define rrep(i, n) for(int i=(n-1); i>=0; --i)
#define rep2(i, s, n) for(int i=s; i<(n); ++i)
#define ALL(v) (v).begin(), (v).end()
#define memr(dp, val) memset(dp, val, sizeof(dp))
#define fi first
#define se second
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
using min_priority_queue = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T> >;
typedef long long ll;
const int INTINF = INT_MAX >> 1;
static const ll LLINF = (LLONG_MAX >> 1);

int n, m, k;
int m_pow_n;

bool input(){

	cin >> n >> m >> k;
	if(!n && !m && !k) return false;

	return true;
}

double solve(int dep, int val){
	double ret = 0;
	if(dep == n){
		return double(max(val - k, 1)) / double(m_pow_n);
	}
	rep2(i, 1, m+1){
		ret += solve(dep + 1, val + i);
	}
	return ret;
}

int main(){
	std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(15);

	while(input()){
		m_pow_n = 1;
		rep(i, n) m_pow_n *= m;
		cout << solve(0, 0) << endl; 
	}

    return 0;
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 50
memory_kb: 3292
final_rank: 4

code_snippet: #line 1 "/Users/nok0/Documents/Programming/nok0/cftemp.hpp"
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#pragma region Macros
// rep macro
#define foa(v, a) for(auto &v : a)
#define REPname(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e
#define REP(...) REPname(__VA_ARGS__, REP3, REP2, REP1, REP0)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define REP0(x) for(int i = 0; i < (x); ++i)
#define REP1(i, x) for(int i = 0; i < (x); ++i)
#define REP2(i, l, r) for(int i = (l); i < (r); ++i)
#define REP3(i, l, r, c) for(int i = (l); i < (r); i += (c))
#define REPSname(a, b, c, ...) c
#define REPS(...) REPSname(__VA_ARGS__, REPS1, REPS0)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define REPS0(x) for(int i = 1; i <= (x); ++i)
#define REPS1(i, x) for(int i = 1; i <= (x); ++i)
#define RREPname(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e
#define RREP(...) RREPname(__VA_ARGS__, RREP3, RREP2, RREP1, RREP0)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define RREP0(x) for(int i = (x)-1; i >= 0; --i)
#define RREP1(i, x) for(int i = (x)-1; i >= 0; --i)
#define RREP2(i, r, l) for(int i = (r)-1; i >= (l); --i)
#define RREP3(i, r, l, c) for(int i = (r)-1; i >= (l); i -= (c))
#define RREPSname(a, b, c, ...) c
#define RREPS(...) RREPSname(__VA_ARGS__, RREPS1, RREPS0)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define RREPS0(x) for(int i = (x); i >= 1; --i)
#define RREPS1(i, x) for(int i = (x); i >= 1; --i)

// name macro
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
#define popcnt(x) __builtin_popcountll(x)
template <class T = int>
using V = std::vector<T>;
template <class T = int>
using VV = std::vector<std::vector<T>>;
template <class T>
using pqup = std::priority_queue<T, std::vector<T>, std::greater<T>>;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using int128 = __int128_t;
using pii = std::pair<int, int>;
using pll = std::pair<long long, long long>;

// input macro
template <class T, class U>
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::pair<T, U> &p) {
	is >> p.first >> p.second;
	return is;
}
template <class T>
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::vector<T> &v) {
	for(T &i : v) is >> i;
	return is;
}
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, __int128_t &a) {
	std::string s;
	is >> s;
	__int128_t ret = 0;
	for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
		if('0' <= s[i] and s[i] <= '9')
			ret = 10 * ret + s[i] - '0';
	a = ret * (s[0] == '-' ? -1 : 1);
	return is;
}
namespace scanner {
void scan(int &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(long long &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(std::string &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(char &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(char a[]) { std::scanf("%s", a); }
void scan(double &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(long double &a) { std::cin >> a; }
template <class T, class U>
void scan(std::pair<T, U> &p) { std::cin >> p; }
template <class T>
void scan(std::vector<T> &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void INPUT() {}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void INPUT(Head &head, Tail &... tail) {
	scan(head);
	INPUT(tail...);
}
}  // namespace scanner
#define VEC(type, name, size)     \
	std::vector<type> name(size); \
	scanner::INPUT(name)
#define VVEC(type, name, h, w)                                    \
	std::vector<std::vector<type>> name(h, std::vector<type>(w)); \
	scanner::INPUT(name)
#define INT(...)     \
	int __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LL(...)            \
	long long __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define STR(...)             \
	std::string __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define CHAR(...)     \
	char __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define DOUBLE(...)     \
	double __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LD(...)              \
	long double __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)

// output-macro
template <class T, class U>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair<T, U> &p) {
	os << p.first << " " << p.second;
	return os;
}
template <class T>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector<T> &a) {
	for(int i = 0; i < int(a.size()); ++i) {
		if(i) os << " ";
		os << a[i];
	}
	return os;
}
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, __int128_t &value) {
	std::ostream::sentry s(dest);
	if(s) {
		__uint128_t tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
		char buffer[128];
		char *d = std::end(buffer);
		do {
			--d;
			*d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10];
			tmp /= 10;
		} while(tmp != 0);
		if(value < 0) {
			--d;
			*d = '-';
		}
		int len = std::end(buffer) - d;
		if(dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) {
			dest.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit);
		}
	}
	return dest;
}
template <class T>
void print(const T a) { std::cout << a << '\n'; }
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void print(Head H, Tail... T) {
	std::cout << H << ' ';
	print(T...);
}
template <class T>
void printel(const T a) { std::cout << a << '\n'; }
template <class T>
void printel(const std::vector<T> &a) {
	for(const auto &v : a)
		std::cout << v << '\n';
}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void printel(Head H, Tail... T) {
	std::cout << H << '\n';
	printel(T...);
}
void Yes(const bool b = true) { std::cout << (b ? "Yes\n" : "No\n"); }
void No() { std::cout << "No\n"; }
void YES(const bool b = true) { std::cout << (b ? "YES\n" : "NO\n"); }
void NO() { std::cout << "NO\n"; }
void err(const bool b = true) {
	if(b) {
		std::cout << "-1\n", exit(0);
	}
}

//debug macro
namespace debugger {
template <class T>
void view(const std::vector<T> &a) {
	std::cerr << "{ ";
	for(const auto &v : a) {
		std::cerr << v << ", ";
	}
	std::cerr << "\b\b }";
}
template <class T>
void view(const std::vector<std::vector<T>> &a) {
	std::cerr << "{\n";
	for(const auto &v : a) {
		std::cerr << "\t";
		view(v);
		std::cerr << "\n";
	}
	std::cerr << "}";
}
template <class T, class U>
void view(const std::vector<std::pair<T, U>> &a) {
	std::cerr << "{\n";
	for(const auto &p : a) std::cerr << "\t(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")\n";
	std::cerr << "}";
}
template <class T, class U>
void view(const std::map<T, U> &m) {
	std::cerr << "{\n";
	for(const auto &p : m) std::cerr << "\t[" << p.first << "] : " << p.second << "\n";
	std::cerr << "}";
}
template <class T, class U>
void view(const std::pair<T, U> &p) { std::cerr << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")"; }
template <class T>
void view(const std::set<T> &s) {
	std::cerr << "{ ";
	for(auto &v : s) {
		view(v);
		std::cerr << ", ";
	}
	std::cerr << "\b\b }";
}

template <class T>
void view(const T &e) { std::cerr << e; }
}  // namespace debugger
#ifdef LOCAL
void debug_out() {}
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
	debugger::view(H);
	std::cerr << ", ";
	debug_out(T...);
}
#define debug(...)                                                \
	do {                                                          \
		std::cerr << __LINE__ << " [" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "] : ["; \
		debug_out(__VA_ARGS__);                                   \
		std::cerr << "\b\b]\n";                                   \
	} while(false)
#else
#define debug(...) (void(0))
#endif

// vector macro
template <class T>
int lb(const std::vector<T> &a, const T x) { return std::distance((a).begin(), std::lower_bound((a).begin(), (a).end(), (x))); }
template <class T>
int ub(const std::vector<T> &a, const T x) { return std::distance((a).begin(), std::upper_bound((a).begin(), (a).end(), (x))); }
template <class T>
void UNIQUE(std::vector<T> &a) {
	std::sort(a.begin(), a.end());
	a.erase(std::unique(a.begin(), a.end()), a.end());
}
template <class T>
std::vector<T> press(std::vector<T> &a) {
	auto res = a;
	UNIQUE(res);
	for(auto &v : a)
		v = lb(res, v);
	return res;
}
#define SORTname(a, b, c, ...) c
#define SORT(...) SORTname(__VA_ARGS__, SORT1, SORT0, ...)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define SORT0(a) std::sort((a).begin(), (a).end())
#define SORT1(a, c) std::sort((a).begin(), (a).end(), [](const auto x, const auto y) { return x c y; })
template <class T>
void ADD(std::vector<T> &a, const T x = 1) {
	for(auto &v : a) v += x;
}
template <class T>
void SUB(std::vector<T> &a, const T x = 1) {
	for(auto &v : a) v -= x;
}
template <class T>
void MUL(std::vector<T> &a, const T x) {
	for(auto &v : a) v *= x;
}
template <class T>
void DIV(std::vector<T> &a, const T x) {
	for(auto &v : a) v /= x;
}
std::vector<std::pair<char, int>> rle(const string &s) {
	int n = s.size();
	std::vector<std::pair<char, int>> ret;
	for(int l = 0; l < n;) {
		int r = l + 1;
		for(; r < n and s[l] == s[r]; r++) {}
		ret.emplace_back(s[l], r - l);
		l = r;
	}
	return ret;
}
template <class T>
std::vector<std::pair<T, int>> rle(const std::vector<T> &v) {
	int n = v.size();
	std::vector<std::pair<T, int>> ret;
	for(int l = 0; l < n;) {
		int r = l + 1;
		for(; r < n and v[l] == v[r]; r++) {}
		ret.emplace_back(v[l], r - l);
		l = r;
	}
	return ret;
}

// math macro
template <class T, class U>
inline bool chmin(T &a, const U &b) { return a > b ? a = b, true : false; }
template <class T, class U>
inline bool chmax(T &a, const U &b) { return a < b ? a = b, true : false; }
template <class T>
T divup(T x, T y) { return (x + y - 1) / y; }
template <class T>
T POW(T a, long long n) {
	T ret = 1;
	while(n) {
		if(n & 1) ret *= a;
		a *= a;
		n >>= 1;
	}
	return ret;
}
// modpow
long long POW(long long a, long long n, const int mod) {
	long long ret = 1;
	a = (a % mod + mod) % mod;
	while(n) {
		if(n & 1) (ret *= a) %= mod;
		(a *= a) %= mod;
		n >>= 1;
	}
	return ret;
}

// others
struct fast_io {
	fast_io() {
		ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
		cin.tie(nullptr);
		cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
	}
} fast_io_;
const int inf = 1e9;
const ll INF = 1e18;
#pragma endregion

void main_();

int main() {
	main_();
	return 0;
}
#line 2 "a.cpp"

void main_() {
	while(1) {
		INT(n, m, k);
		if(!n) break;
		double res = 0;
		auto dfs = [&](auto dfs, int i, int s) {
			if(i == n) {
				res += max(1, s - k);
				return;
			}
			REPS(j, m) {
				dfs(dfs, i + 1, s + j);
			}
		};
		dfs(dfs, 0, 0);
		res /= pow((double)m, n);
		print(res);
	}
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 80
memory_kb: 3888
final_rank: 14

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++)
#define ALL(v) v.begin(),v.end()

using ll=long long;
using ld=long double;
ld ans;

void dfs(vector<int>&v,int m,int k){
  int cnt=0;
  for(int p:v)cnt+=p;
  ans+=max(1,cnt-k);
  int now=0;
  while(++v[now]>m){
    v[now++]=1;
    if(now>=v.size())return;
  }
  dfs(v,m,k);
}

void F(int n,int m,int k){
  ans=0;
  vector<int> v(n,1);
  dfs(v,m,k);
  ans/=pow(m,n);
  cout<<fixed<<setprecision(12)<<ans<<endl;
}


int main(){
  int n,m,k;
  while(cin>>n>>m>>k,n)F(n,m,k);
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 100
memory_kb: 3956
final_rank: 17

code_snippet: #ifdef LOCAL
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#endif
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#if __has_include(<atcoder/all>)
#include <atcoder/all>
using namespace atcoder;
#endif
 
#pragma region Macros
// rep macro
#define foa(v, a) for(auto &v : a)
#define REPname(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e
#define REP(...) REPname(__VA_ARGS__, REP3, REP2, REP1, REP0)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define REP0(x) for(int i = 0; i < (x); ++i)
#define REP1(i, x) for(int i = 0; i < (x); ++i)
#define REP2(i, l, r) for(int i = (l); i < (r); ++i)
#define REP3(i, l, r, c) for(int i = (l); i < (r); i += (c))
#define REPSname(a, b, c, ...) c
#define REPS(...) REPSname(__VA_ARGS__, REPS1, REPS0)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define REPS0(x) for(int i = 1; i <= (x); ++i)
#define REPS1(i, x) for(int i = 1; i <= (x); ++i)
#define RREPname(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e
#define RREP(...) RREPname(__VA_ARGS__, RREP3, RREP2, RREP1, RREP0)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define RREP0(x) for(int i = (x)-1; i >= 0; --i)
#define RREP1(i, x) for(int i = (x)-1; i >= 0; --i)
#define RREP2(i, l, r) for(int i = (r)-1; i >= (l); --i)
#define RREP3(i, l, r, c) for(int i = (r)-1; i >= (l); i -= (c))
#define RREPSname(a, b, c, ...) c
#define RREPS(...) RREPSname(__VA_ARGS__, RREPS1, RREPS0)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define RREPS0(x) for(int i = (x); i >= 1; --i)
#define RREPS1(i, x) for(int i = (x); i >= 1; --i)
 
// name macro
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
#define popcnt(x) __builtin_popcountll(x)
template <class T = int>
using V = std::vector<T>;
template <class T = int>
using VV = std::vector<std::vector<T>>;
template <class T = int>
using VVV = std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<T>>>;
template <class T>
using pqup = std::priority_queue<T, std::vector<T>, std::greater<T>>;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using int128 = __int128_t;
using pii = std::pair<int, int>;
using pll = std::pair<long long, long long>;
using Tp = tuple<ll,ll,ll>;
 
// input macro
template <class T, class U>
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::pair<T, U> &p) {
	is >> p.first >> p.second;
	return is;
}
template <class T>
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::vector<T> &v) {
	for(T &i : v) is >> i;
	return is;
}
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, __int128_t &a) {
	std::string s;
	is >> s;
	__int128_t ret = 0;
	for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
		if('0' <= s[i] and s[i] <= '9')
			ret = 10 * ret + s[i] - '0';
	a = ret * (s[0] == '-' ? -1 : 1);
	return is;
}
namespace scanner {
void scan(int &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(long long &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(std::string &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(char &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(char a[]) { std::scanf("%s", a); }
void scan(double &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void scan(long double &a) { std::cin >> a; }
template <class T, class U>
void scan(std::pair<T, U> &p) { std::cin >> p; }
template <class T>
void scan(std::vector<T> &a) { std::cin >> a; }
void INPUT() {}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void INPUT(Head &head, Tail &... tail) {
	scan(head);
	INPUT(tail...);
}
}  // namespace scanner
#define VEC(type, name, size)     \
	std::vector<type> name(size); \
	scanner::INPUT(name)
#define VVEC(type, name, h, w)                                    \
	std::vector<std::vector<type>> name(h, std::vector<type>(w)); \
	scanner::INPUT(name)
#define INT(...)     \
	int __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LL(...)            \
	long long __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define STR(...)             \
	std::string __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define CHAR(...)     \
	char __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define DOUBLE(...)     \
	double __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LD(...)              \
	long double __VA_ARGS__; \
	scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__)
 
// output-macro
template <class T, class U>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair<T, U> &p) {
	os << p.first << " " << p.second;
	return os;
}
template <class T>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector<T> &a) {
	for(int i = 0; i < int(a.size()); ++i) {
		if(i) os << " ";
		os << a[i];
	}
	return os;
}
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, __int128_t &value) {
	std::ostream::sentry s(dest);
	if(s) {
		__uint128_t tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
		char buffer[128];
		char *d = std::end(buffer);
		do {
			--d;
			*d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10];
			tmp /= 10;
		} while(tmp != 0);
		if(value < 0) {
			--d;
			*d = '-';
		}
		int len = std::end(buffer) - d;
		if(dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) {
			dest.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit);
		}
	}
	return dest;
}
template <class T>
void print(const T a) { std::cout << a << '\n'; }
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void print(Head H, Tail... T) {
	std::cout << H << ' ';
	print(T...);
}
template <class T>
void printel(const T a) { std::cout << a << '\n'; }
template <class T>
void printel(const std::vector<T> &a) {
	for(const auto &v : a)
		std::cout << v << '\n';
}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void printel(Head H, Tail... T) {
	std::cout << H << '\n';
	printel(T...);
}
void Yes(const bool b = true) { std::cout << (b ? "Yes\n" : "No\n"); }
void No() { std::cout << "No\n"; }
void YES(const bool b = true) { std::cout << (b ? "YES\n" : "NO\n"); }
void NO() { std::cout << "No\n"; }
void err(const bool b = true) {
	if(b) {
		std::cout << "-1\n", exit(0);
	}
}
 
//debug macro
namespace debugger {
template <class T>
void view(const std::vector<T> &a) {
	std::cerr << "{ ";
	for(const auto &v : a) {
		std::cerr << v << ", ";
	}
	std::cerr << "\b\b }";
}
template <class T>
void view(const std::vector<std::vector<T>> &a) {
	std::cerr << "{\n";
	for(const auto &v : a) {
		std::cerr << "\t";
		view(v);
		std::cerr << "\n";
	}
	std::cerr << "}";
}
template <class T, class U>
void view(const std::vector<std::pair<T, U>> &a) {
	std::cerr << "{\n";
	for(const auto &p : a) std::cerr << "\t(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")\n";
	std::cerr << "}";
}
template <class T, class U>
void view(const std::map<T, U> &m) {
	std::cerr << "{\n";
	for(const auto &p : m) std::cerr << "\t[" << p.first << "] : " << p.second << "\n";
	std::cerr << "}";
}
template <class T, class U>
void view(const std::pair<T, U> &p) { std::cerr << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")"; }
template <class T>
void view(const std::set<T> &s) {
	std::cerr << "{ ";
	for(auto &v : s) {
		view(v);
		std::cerr << ", ";
	}
	std::cerr << "\b\b }";
}
 
template <class T>
void view(const T &e) { std::cerr << e; }
}  // namespace debugger
#ifdef LOCAL
void debug_out() {}
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
	debugger::view(H);
	std::cerr << ", ";
	debug_out(T...);
}
#define debug(...)                                                \
	do {                                                          \
		std::cerr << __LINE__ << " [" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "] : ["; \
		debug_out(__VA_ARGS__);                                   \
		std::cerr << "\b\b]\n";                                   \
	} while(false)
#else
#define debug(...) (void(0))
#endif
 
// vector macro
template <class T>
int lb(const std::vector<T> &a, const T x) { return std::distance((a).begin(), std::lower_bound((a).begin(), (a).end(), (x))); }
template <class T>
int ub(const std::vector<T> &a, const T x) { return std::distance((a).begin(), std::upper_bound((a).begin(), (a).end(), (x))); }
template <class T>
void UNIQUE(std::vector<T> &a) {
	std::sort(a.begin(), a.end());
	a.erase(std::unique(a.begin(), a.end()), a.end());
}
template <class T>
std::vector<T> press(std::vector<T> &a) {
	auto res = a;
	UNIQUE(res);
	for(auto &v : a)
		v = lb(res, v);
	return res;
}
#define SORTname(a, b, c, ...) c
#define SORT(...) SORTname(__VA_ARGS__, SORT1, SORT0, ...)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define SORT0(a) std::sort((a).begin(), (a).end())
#define SORT1(a, c) std::sort((a).begin(), (a).end(), [](const auto x, const auto y) { return x c y; })
template <class T>
void ADD(std::vector<T> &a, const T x) {
	for(auto &v : a) v += x;
}
template <class T>
void SUB(std::vector<T> &a, const T x = 1) {
	for(auto &v : a) v -= x;
}
template <class T>
void MUL(std::vector<T> &a, const T x) {
	for(auto &v : a) v *= x;
}
template <class T>
void DIV(std::vector<T> &a, const T x) {
	for(auto &v : a) v /= x;
}
 
// math macro
template <class T, class U>
inline bool chmin(T &a, const U &b) { return a > b ? a = b, true : false; }
template <class T, class U>
inline bool chmax(T &a, const U &b) { return a < b ? a = b, true : false; }
template <class T>
T divup(T x, T y) { return (x + y - 1) / y; }
template <class T>
T POW(T a, long long n) {
	T ret = 1;
	while(n) {
		if(n & 1) ret *= a;
		a *= a;
		n >>= 1;
	}
	return ret;
}

template<typename T>
T ADD(T a, T b){
	T res;
	return __builtin_add_overflow(a, b, &res) ? numeric_limits<T>::max() : res;
}

template<typename T>
T MUL(T a, T b){
	T res;
	return __builtin_mul_overflow(a, b, &res) ? numeric_limits<T>::max() : res;
}

// modpow
long long POW(long long a, long long n, const int mod) {
	long long ret = 1;
	while(n) {
		if(n & 1) (ret *= a) %= mod;
		(a *= a) %= mod;
		n >>= 1;
	}
	return ret;
}
 
// others
struct fast_io {
	fast_io() {
		ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
		cin.tie(nullptr);
		cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
	}
} fast_io_;

#pragma endregion

using R = long double;
constexpr R EPS=1E-11;

// r の(誤差付きの)符号に従って, -1, 0, 1 を返す.
int sgn(const R& r){ return (r > EPS) - (r < -EPS); }
// a, b の(誤差付きの)大小比較の結果に従って, -1, 0, 1 を返す.
int sgn(const R& a, const R &b){ return sgn(a-b); }
// a > 0 は sgn(a) > 0
// a < b は sgn(a, b) < 0
// a >= b は sgn(a, b) >= 0
// のように書く.
// return s * 10^n

//https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc191/submissions/20028529
long long x10(const string& s, size_t n) {
    if (s.front() == '-') return -x10(s.substr(1), n);
    auto pos = s.find('.');
    if (pos == string::npos) return stoll(s + string(n, '0'));
    return stoll(s.substr(0, pos) + s.substr(pos + 1) + string(n + pos + 1 - s.size(), '0'));
}
 
long long ceildiv(long long a, long long b) {
    if (b < 0) a = -a, b = -b;
    if (a >= 0) return (a + b - 1) / b;
    else return a / b;
}
 
long long floordiv(long long a, long long b) {
    if (b < 0) a = -a, b = -b;
    if (a >= 0) return a / b;
    else return (a - b + 1) / b;
}
 
long long floorsqrt(long long x) {
    assert(x >= 0);
    long long ok = 0;
    long long ng = 1;
    while (ng * ng <= x) ng <<= 1;
    while (ng - ok > 1) {
        long long mid = (ng + ok) >> 1;
        if (mid * mid <= x) ok = mid;
        else ng = mid;
    }
    return ok;
}

inline int topbit(unsigned long long x){
	return x?63-__builtin_clzll(x):-1;
}

inline int popcount(unsigned long long x){
	return __builtin_popcountll(x);
}

inline int parity(unsigned long long x){//popcount%2
	return __builtin_parity(x);
}

const int inf = 1e9;
const ll INF = 1e18;

int n,m,k;

int sum = 0;

void dfs(int cnt,int tot){
    if(cnt == n){
        if(tot <= k)sum += 1;
        else sum += tot - k;
        return ;
    }
    for(int i = 1;i <= m;i++){
        dfs(cnt+1,tot+i);
    }
    return ;
}

void main_() {
	
	cin >> n >> m >> k;
	
	
	while(n != 0){
	    int all = 1;
	    REP(i,n)all *= m;
	    dfs(0,0);
	    double ans = (double)sum/all;
	    sum = 0;
	    cout << setprecision(10) << fixed;
	    cout << ans << endl;
	    cin >> n >> m >> k;
	}
}
 
int main() {
	int t = 1;
	//cin >> t;
	while(t--) main_();
	return 0;
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 50
memory_kb: 3420
final_rank: 6

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
#define rep(i,n) for(int (i)=0;(i)<(n);(i)++)
#define rrep(i,n) for(int (i)=((n)-1);(i)>=0;(i)--)
#define itn int
#define miele(v) min_element(v.begin(), v.end())
#define maele(v) max_element(v.begin(), v.end())
#define SUM(v) accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0LL)
#define lb(a, key) lower_bound(a.begin(),a.end(),key)
#define ub(a, key) upper_bound(a.begin(),a.end(),key)
#define COUNT(a, key) count(a.begin(), a.end(), key) 
#define BITCOUNT(x) __builtin_popcount(x)
#define pb push_back
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define F first
#define S second
using P = pair <int,int>;
using WeightedGraph = vector<vector <P>>;
using UnWeightedGraph = vector<vector<int>>;
using Real = long double;
using Point = complex<Real>; //Point and Vector2d is the same!
using Vector2d = complex<Real>;
const long long INF = 1LL << 60;
const int MOD = 1000000007;
const double EPS = 1e-15;
const double PI=3.14159265358979323846;
template <typename T> 
int getIndexOfLowerBound(vector <T> &v, T x){
    return lower_bound(v.begin(),v.end(),x)-v.begin();
}
template <typename T> 
int getIndexOfUpperBound(vector <T> &v, T x){
    return upper_bound(v.begin(),v.end(),x)-v.begin();
}
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
#define DUMPOUT cerr
#define repi(itr, ds) for (auto itr = ds.begin(); itr != ds.end(); itr++)
istream &operator>>(istream &is, Point &p) {
    Real a, b; is >> a >> b; p = Point(a, b); return is;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<T,U> &p_var) {
    is >> p_var.first >> p_var.second;
    return is;
}
template <typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &vec) {
    for (T &x : vec) is >> x;
    return is;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, pair<T, U> &pair_var) {
    DUMPOUT<<'{';
    os << pair_var.first;
    DUMPOUT<<',';
    os << " "<< pair_var.second;
    DUMPOUT<<'}';
    return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<T> &vec) {
    DUMPOUT<<'[';
    for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) 
    os << vec[i] << (i + 1 == vec.size() ? "" : " ");
    DUMPOUT<<']';
    return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<vector<T>> &df) {
  for (auto& vec : df) os<<vec;
  return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, map<T, U> &map_var) {
    DUMPOUT << "{";
    repi(itr, map_var) {
        os << *itr;
        itr++;
        if (itr != map_var.end()) DUMPOUT << ", ";
        itr--;
    }
    DUMPOUT << "}";
    return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, set<T> &set_var) {
    DUMPOUT << "{";
    repi(itr, set_var) {
        os << *itr;
        itr++;
        if (itr != set_var.end()) DUMPOUT << ", ";
        itr--;
    }
    DUMPOUT << "}";
    return os;
}
void print() {cout << endl;}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void print(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
  cout << head;
  if (sizeof...(tail) != 0) cout << " ";
  print(forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}
void dump_func() {DUMPOUT << '#'<<endl;}
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void dump_func(Head &&head, Tail &&... tail) {
    DUMPOUT << head;
    if (sizeof...(Tail) > 0) DUMPOUT << ", ";
    dump_func(std::move(tail)...);
}
#ifdef DEBUG_
#define DEB
#define dump(...)                                                              \
    DUMPOUT << "  " << string(#__VA_ARGS__) << ": "                            \
            << "[" << to_string(__LINE__) << ":" << __FUNCTION__ << "]"        \
            << endl                                                            \
            << "    ",                                                         \
        dump_func(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define DEB if (false)
#define dump(...)
#endif

long double ans = 0;
long double n, m, k;

void dfs(long double i, long double possibility, long double num) {
    if(i == 0) {
        ans += max(num - k, (long double)1.0) * possibility;
    }else {
        for(int j=1;j<=m;j++){
            dfs(i-1, possibility/m, num + j);
        }
    }
}

signed main(void) { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int t = 0;
    while(1) {
        cin>>n>>m>>k;

        if(n == 0) exit(0);
        ans = 0;
        dfs(n, 1, 0);

        printf("%.10Lf\n", ans);
    }
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 290
memory_kb: 3488
final_rank: 18

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//#include <atcoder/all>
//using namespace atcoder;

using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using pll = pair<ll, ll>;
using vll = vector<ll>;
using vvll = vector<vector<ll>>;
using vvvll = vector<vector<vector<ll>>>;
using vpll = vector<pair<ll, ll>>;
#define rep(i,n) for (ll i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end()
#define sz(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define endl '\n'
#define IOS ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr);
const int inf = 1<<30;
const ll INF = 1ll<<60;
//const ll mod = 1000000007;
const ll mod = 998244353;
const ll dx[4] = {1, 0, -1, 0};
const ll dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
template<class T> bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (a>b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }

template<class T> void disp1(vector<T> &array, bool blank=1) {
    rep(i, array.size()) cout << ((i&&blank) ? " " : "") << array[i];
    cout << endl;
    //cout << " ";
}
template<class T> void disp2(vector<vector<T>> &array, bool blank=1) {
    rep(i, array.size()) disp1(array[i], blank);
}

//using mint = modint998244353;

ll n, m, k, ans;

void dfs(ll s, ll c) {
    // s = 今までの出た目の合計
    // c = 今までに振ったサイコロの個数
    if (c == n) {
        ans += max(1ll, s-k);
        return;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
        dfs(s+i, c+1);
    }
    return;
}

int main() {
    while (cin >> n >> m >> k, n|m|k) {
        ans = 0;
        dfs(0, 0);
        ll mn = 1;
        rep(i,n) mn *= m;
        ld Ans = (ld) ans / mn;
        printf("%.10Lf\n", Ans);
    }
    return 0;
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 50
memory_kb: 3036
final_rank: 2

code_snippet: #line 2 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/template/template.cpp"
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#line 6 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/template/constants.cpp"

#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define FOR(i, m, n) for (int i = (m); i < (n); ++i)
#define rrep(i, n) for (int i = (n) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
#define rfor(i, m, n) for (int i = (m); i >= (n); --i)
#define unless(c) if (!(c))
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
#define range_it(a, l, r) (a).begin() + (l), (a).begin() + (r)

using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using LD = long double;
using VB = vector<bool>;
using VVB = vector<VB>;
using VI = vector<int>;
using VVI = vector<VI>;
using VL = vector<ll>;
using VVL = vector<VL>;
using VS = vector<string>;
using VD = vector<LD>;
using PII = pair<int, int>;
using VP = vector<PII>;
using PLL = pair<ll, ll>;
using VPL = vector<PLL>;
template <class T> using PQ = priority_queue<T>;
template <class T> using PQS = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;
constexpr int inf = 1000000000;
constexpr long long inf_ll = 1000000000000000000ll, MOD = 1000000007;
constexpr long double PI = 3.14159265358979323846, EPS = 1e-12;
#line 7 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/template/Input.cpp"
using namespace std;

#ifdef _WIN32
#define getchar_unlocked _getchar_nolock
#define putchar_unlocked _putchar_nolock
#define fwrite_unlocked fwrite
#define fflush_unlocked fflush
#endif
class Scanner {
	static int gc() {
		return getchar_unlocked();
	}
	static char next_char() {
		char c;
		read(c);
		return c;
	}
	template <class T> static void read(T& v) {
		cin >> v;
	}
	static void read(char& v) {
		while (isspace(v = gc()))
			;
	}
	static void read(bool& v) {
		v = next_char() != '0';
	}
	static void read(string& v) {
		v.clear();
		for (char c = next_char(); !isspace(c); c = gc()) v += c;
	}
	static void read(int& v) {
		v = 0;
		bool neg = false;
		char c = next_char();
		if (c == '-') {
			neg = true;
			c = gc();
		}
		for (; isdigit(c); c = gc()) v = v * 10 + (c - '0');
		if (neg) v = -v;
	}
	static void read(long long& v) {
		v = 0;
		bool neg = false;
		char c = next_char();
		if (c == '-') {
			neg = true;
			c = gc();
		}
		for (; isdigit(c); c = gc()) v = v * 10 + (c - '0');
		if (neg) v = -v;
	}
	static void read(double& v) {
		v = 0;
		double dp = 1;
		bool neg = false, after_dp = false;
		char c = next_char();
		if (c == '-') {
			neg = true;
			c = gc();
		}
		for (; isdigit(c) || c == '.'; c = gc()) {
			if (c == '.') {
				after_dp = true;
			} else if (after_dp) {
				v += (c - '0') * (dp *= 0.1);
			} else {
				v = v * 10 + (c - '0');
			}
		}
		if (neg) v = -v;
	}
	static void read(long double& v) {
		v = 0;
		long double dp = 1;
		bool neg = false, after_dp = false;
		char c = next_char();
		if (c == '-') {
			neg = true;
			c = gc();
		}
		for (; isdigit(c) || c == '.'; c = gc()) {
			if (c == '.') {
				after_dp = true;
			} else if (after_dp) {
				v += (c - '0') * (dp *= 0.1);
			} else {
				v = v * 10 + (c - '0');
			}
		}
		if (neg) v = -v;
	}
	template <class T, class U> static void read(pair<T, U>& v) {
		read(v.first);
		read(v.second);
	}
	template <class T> static void read(vector<T>& v) {
		for (auto& e : v) read(e);
	}
	template <size_t N = 0, class T> static void read_tuple_impl(T& v) {
		if constexpr (N < tuple_size_v<T>) {
			read(get<N>(v));
			read_tuple_impl<N + 1>(v);
		}
	}
	template <class... T> static void read(tuple<T...>& v) {
		read_tuple_impl(v);
	}
	struct ReadVectorHelper {
		size_t n;
		ReadVectorHelper(size_t _n) : n(_n) {}
		template <class T> operator vector<T>() {
			vector<T> v(n);
			read(v);
			return v;
		}
	};
	struct Read2DVectorHelper {
		size_t n, m;
		Read2DVectorHelper(const pair<size_t, size_t>& nm) : n(nm.first), m(nm.second) {}
		template <class T> operator vector<vector<T>>() {
			vector<vector<T>> v(n, vector<T>(m));
			read(v);
			return v;
		}
	};

public:
	string read_line() const {
		string v;
		for (char c = gc(); c != '\n' && c != '\0'; c = gc()) v += c;
		return v;
	}
	template <class T> T read() const {
		T v;
		read(v);
		return v;
	}
	template <class T> vector<T> read_vector(size_t n) const {
		vector<T> a(n);
		read(a);
		return a;
	}
	template <class T> operator T() const {
		return read<T>();
	}
	int operator--(int) const {
		return read<int>() - 1;
	}
	ReadVectorHelper operator[](size_t n) const {
		return ReadVectorHelper(n);
	}
	Read2DVectorHelper operator[](const pair<size_t, size_t>& nm) const {
		return Read2DVectorHelper(nm);
	}
	void operator()() const {}
	template <class H, class... T> void operator()(H&& h, T&&... t) const {
		read(h);
		operator()(forward<T>(t)...);
	}

private:
	template <template <class...> class, class...> struct Multiple;
	template <template <class...> class V, class Head, class... Tail>
	struct Multiple<V, Head, Tail...> {
		template <class... Args> using vec = V<vector<Head>, Args...>;
		using type = typename Multiple<vec, Tail...>::type;
	};
	template <template <class...> class V> struct Multiple<V> { using type = V<>; };
	template <class... T> using multiple_t = typename Multiple<tuple, T...>::type;
	template <size_t N = 0, class T> void multiple_impl(T& t) const {
		if constexpr (N < tuple_size_v<T>) {
			auto& vec = get<N>(t);
			using V = typename remove_reference_t<decltype(vec)>::value_type;
			vec.push_back(read<V>());
			multiple_impl<N + 1>(t);
		}
	}

public:
	template <class... T> auto multiple(size_t h) const {
		multiple_t<T...> result;
		while (h--) multiple_impl(result);
		return result;
	}
} in;
#define inputs(T, ...) \
	T __VA_ARGS__;     \
	in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define ini(...) inputs(int, __VA_ARGS__)
#define inl(...) inputs(long long, __VA_ARGS__)
#define ins(...) inputs(string, __VA_ARGS__)
#line 7 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/template/Output.cpp"
#include <charconv>
#line 10 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/template/Output.cpp"
using namespace std;

struct BoolStr {
	const char *t, *f;
	BoolStr(const char* _t, const char* _f) : t(_t), f(_f) {}
} Yes("Yes", "No"), yes("yes", "no"), YES("YES", "NO"), Int("1", "0");
struct DivStr {
	const char *d, *l;
	DivStr(const char* _d, const char* _l) : d(_d), l(_l) {}
} spc(" ", "\n"), no_spc("", "\n"), end_line("\n", "\n"), comma(",", "\n"), no_endl(" ", "");
class Printer {
	BoolStr B{Yes};
	DivStr D{spc};

public:
	void print(int v) const {
		char buf[12]{};
		if (auto [ptr, e] = to_chars(begin(buf), end(buf), v); e == errc{}) {
			fwrite(buf, sizeof(char), ptr - buf, stdout);
		} else {
			assert(false);
		}
	}
	void print(long long v) const {
		char buf[21]{};
		if (auto [ptr, e] = to_chars(begin(buf), end(buf), v); e == errc{}) {
			fwrite(buf, sizeof(char), ptr - buf, stdout);
		} else {
			assert(false);
		}
	}
	void print(bool v) const {
		print(v ? B.t : B.f);
	}
	void print(vector<bool>::reference v) const {
		print(v ? B.t : B.f);
	}
	void print(char v) const {
		putchar_unlocked(v);
	}
	void print(const char* v) const {
		fwrite_unlocked(v, 1, strlen(v), stdout);
	}
	void print(double v) const {
		printf("%.20f", v);
	}
	void print(long double v) const {
		printf("%.20Lf", v);
	}
	template <class T> void print(const T& v) const {
		cout << v;
	}
	template <class T, class U> void print(const pair<T, U>& v) const {
		print(v.first);
		print(D.d);
		print(v.second);
	}
	template <class InputIterater>
	void print_range(const InputIterater& begin, const InputIterater& end) const {
		for (InputIterater i = begin; i != end; ++i) {
			if (i != begin) print(D.d);
			print(*i);
		}
	}
	template <class T> void print(const vector<T>& v) const {
		print_range(v.begin(), v.end());
	}
	template <class T, size_t N> void print(const array<T, N>& v) const {
		print_range(v.begin(), v.end());
	}
	template <class T> void print(const vector<vector<T>>& v) const {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
			if (i) print(D.l);
			print(v[i]);
		}
	}

	Printer() = default;
	Printer(const BoolStr& _boolstr, const DivStr& _divstr) : B(_boolstr), D(_divstr) {}
	Printer& operator()() {
		print(D.l);
		return *this;
	}
	template <class Head> Printer& operator()(Head&& h) {
		print(h);
		print(D.l);
		return *this;
	}
	template <class Head, class... Tail> Printer& operator()(Head&& h, Tail&&... t) {
		print(h);
		print(D.d);
		return operator()(forward<Tail>(t)...);
	}
	template <class... Args> Printer& flag(bool f, Args&&... args) {
		if (f) {
			return operator()(forward<Args>(args)...);
		} else {
			return *this;
		}
	}
	template <class InputIterator>
	Printer& range(const InputIterator& begin, const InputIterator& end) {
		print_range(begin, end);
		print(D.l);
		return *this;
	}
	template <class T> Printer& range(const T& a) {
		range(a.begin(), a.end());
		return *this;
	}
	template <class... T> void exit(T&&... t) {
		operator()(forward<T>(t)...);
		std::exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
	}
	Printer& flush() {
		fflush_unlocked(stdout);
		return *this;
	}
	Printer& set(const BoolStr& b) {
		B = b;
		return *this;
	}
	Printer& set(const DivStr& d) {
		D = d;
		return *this;
	}
	Printer& set(const char* t, const char* f) {
		B = BoolStr(t, f);
		return *this;
	}
} out;
#line 3 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/template/Step.cpp"
using namespace std;

template <class T> struct Step {
	using value_type = T;

	class iterator {
		value_type a, b, c;

	public:
		constexpr iterator() : a(value_type()), b(value_type()), c(value_type()) {}
		constexpr iterator(value_type _b, value_type _c, value_type _s)
		    : a(_b), b(_c), c(_s) {}
		constexpr iterator& operator++() {
			--b;
			a += c;
			return *this;
		}
		constexpr iterator operator++(int) {
			iterator tmp = *this;
			--b;
			a += c;
			return tmp;
		}
		constexpr const value_type& operator*() const {
			return a;
		}
		constexpr const value_type* operator->() const {
			return &a;
		}
		constexpr bool operator==(const iterator& i) const {
			return b == i.b;
		}
		constexpr bool operator!=(const iterator& i) const {
			return !(b == i.b);
		}
		constexpr value_type start() const {
			return a;
		}
		constexpr value_type size() const {
			return b;
		}
		constexpr value_type step() const {
			return c;
		}
	};
	constexpr Step(value_type b, value_type c, value_type s) : be(b, c, s) {}
	constexpr iterator begin() const {
		return be;
	}
	constexpr iterator end() const {
		return en;
	}
	constexpr value_type start() const {
		return be.start();
	}
	constexpr value_type size() const {
		return be.size();
	}
	constexpr value_type step() const {
		return be.step();
	}
	constexpr value_type sum() const {
		return start() * size() + step() * (size() * (size() - 1) / 2);
	}
	operator vector<value_type>() const {
		return to_a();
	}
	auto to_a() const {
		vector<value_type> result;
		result.reserve(size());
		for (auto i : *this) {
			result.push_back(i);
		}
		return result;
	}

private:
	iterator be, en;
};
template <class T> constexpr auto step(T a) {
	return Step<T>(0, a, 1);
}
template <class T> constexpr auto step(T a, T b) {
	return Step<T>(a, b - a, 1);
}
template <class T> constexpr auto step(T a, T b, T c) {
	return Step<T>(a, a < b ? (b - a - 1) / c + 1 : 0, c);
}
#line 8 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/template/Ruby.cpp"
using namespace std;

template <class F> struct Callable {
	F func;
	Callable(const F& f) : func(f) {}
};
template <class T, class F> auto operator|(const T& v, const Callable<F>& c) {
	return c.func(v);
}

struct Sort_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			sort(begin(v), end(v), f);
			return v;
		});
	}
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, [[maybe_unused]] const Sort_impl& c) {
		sort(begin(v), end(v));
		return v;
	}
} Sort;
struct SortBy_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			sort(begin(v), end(v), [&](const auto& i, const auto& j) { return f(i) < f(j); });
			return v;
		});
	}
} SortBy;
struct RSort_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			sort(rbegin(v), rend(v), f);
			return v;
		});
	}
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, [[maybe_unused]] const RSort_impl& c) {
		sort(rbegin(v), rend(v));
		return v;
	}
} RSort;
struct RSortBy_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			sort(begin(v), end(v), [&](const auto& i, const auto& j) { return f(i) > f(j); });
			return v;
		});
	}
} RSortBy;
struct Reverse_impl {
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, const Reverse_impl& c) {
		reverse(begin(v), end(v));
		return v;
	}
} Reverse;
struct Unique_impl {
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, const Unique_impl& c) {
		v.erase(unique(begin(v), end(v), end(v)));
		return v;
	}
} Unique;
struct Uniq_impl {
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, const Uniq_impl& c) {
		sort(begin(v), end(v));
		v.erase(unique(begin(v), end(v)), end(v));
		return v;
	}
} Uniq;
struct Rotate_impl {
	auto operator()(int&& left) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			int s = static_cast<int>(size(v));
			assert(-s <= left && left <= s);
			if (0 <= left) {
				rotate(begin(v), begin(v) + left, end(v));
			} else {
				rotate(begin(v), end(v) + left, end(v));
			}
			return v;
		});
	}
} Rotate;
struct Max_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) { return *max_element(begin(v), end(v), f); });
	}
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, const Max_impl& c) {
		return *max_element(begin(v), end(v));
	}
} Max;
struct Min_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) { return *min_element(begin(v), end(v), f); });
	}
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, const Min_impl& c) {
		return *min_element(begin(v), end(v));
	}
} Min;
struct MaxPos_impl {
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, const MaxPos_impl& c) {
		return max_element(begin(v), end(v)) - begin(v);
	}
} MaxPos;
struct MinPos_impl {
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, const MinPos_impl& c) {
		return min_element(begin(v), end(v)) - begin(v);
	}
} MinPos;
struct MaxBy_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			auto max_it = begin(v);
			auto max_val = f(*max_it);
			for (auto it = next(begin(v)); it != end(v); ++it) {
				if (auto val = f(*it); max_val < val) {
					max_it = it;
					max_val = val;
				}
			}
			return *max_it;
		});
	}
} MaxBy;
struct MinBy_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			auto min_it = begin(v);
			auto min_val = f(*min_it);
			for (auto it = next(begin(v)); it != end(v); ++it) {
				if (auto val = f(*it); min_val > val) {
					min_it = it;
					min_val = val;
				}
			}
			return *min_it;
		});
	}
} MinBy;
struct MaxOf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			auto max_val = f(*begin(v));
			for (auto it = next(begin(v)); it != end(v); ++it) {
				if (auto val = f(*it); max_val < val) {
					max_val = val;
				}
			}
			return max_val;
		});
	}
} MaxOf;
struct MinOf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			auto min_val = f(*begin(v));
			for (auto it = next(begin(v)); it != end(v); ++it) {
				if (auto val = f(*it); min_val > val) {
					min_val = val;
				}
			}
			return min_val;
		});
	}
} MinOf;
struct Count_impl {
	template <class V> auto operator()(const V& val) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) { return count(begin(v), end(v), val); });
	}
} Count;
struct CountIf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(const F& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) { return count_if(begin(v), end(v), f); });
	}
} CountIf;
struct Index_impl {
	template <class V> auto operator()(const V& val) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) -> optional<int> {
			auto result = find(begin(v), end(v), val);
			return result != end(v) ? optional(result - begin(v)) : nullopt;
		});
	}
	template <class V> auto operator()(const V& val, size_t i) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) -> optional<int> {
			auto result = find(next(begin(v), i), end(v), val);
			return result != end(v) ? optional(result - begin(v)) : nullopt;
		});
	}
} Index;
struct IndexIf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(const F& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) -> optional<int> {
			auto result = find_if(begin(v), end(v), f);
			return result != end(v) ? optional(result - begin(v)) : nullopt;
		});
	}
} IndexIf;
struct FindIf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(const F& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) -> optional<typename decltype(v)::value_type> {
			auto result = find_if(begin(v), end(v), f);
			return result != end(v) ? optional(*result) : nullopt;
		});
	}
} FindIf;
struct Sum_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			return accumulate(next(begin(v)), end(v), f(*begin(v)),
			                  [&](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a + f(b); });
		});
	}
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(T v, [[maybe_unused]] const Sum_impl& c) {
		return accumulate(begin(v), end(v), typename T::value_type{});
	}
} Sum;
struct Includes {
	template <class V> auto operator()(const V& val) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) { return find(begin(v), end(v), val) != end(v); });
	}
} Includes;
struct IncludesIf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(const F& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) { return find_if(begin(v), end(v), f) != end(v); });
	}
} IncludesIf;
struct RemoveIf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(const F& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			v.erase(remove_if(begin(v), end(v), f), end(v));
			return v;
		});
	}
} RemoveIf;
struct Each_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			for (const auto& i : v) {
				f(i);
			}
		});
	}
} Each;
struct EachConsPair_impl {
	template <class T, class value_type = typename T::value_type>
	friend auto operator|(const T& v, EachConsPair_impl& c) {
		vector<pair<value_type, value_type>> result;
		if (size(v) >= 2) {
			result.reserve(size(v) - 1);
			for (size_t i = 0; i < size(v) - 1; ++i) {
				result.emplace_back(v[i], v[i + 1]);
			}
		}
		return result;
	}
} EachConsPair;
struct Select_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			using value_type = typename decltype(v)::value_type;
			vector<value_type> result;
			for (const auto& i : v) {
				if (f(i)) result.push_back(i);
			}
			return result;
		});
	}
} Select;
struct Map_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			using result_type = invoke_result_t<F, typename decltype(v)::value_type>;
			vector<result_type> result;
			result.reserve(size(v));
			for (const auto& i : v) {
				result.push_back(f(i));
			}
			return result;
		});
	}
} Map;
struct Indexed_impl {
	template <class T> friend auto operator|(const T& v, Indexed_impl& c) {
		using value_type = typename T::value_type;
		vector<pair<value_type, int>> result;
		result.reserve(size(v));
		int index = 0;
		for (const auto& i : v) {
			result.emplace_back(i, index++);
		}
		return result;
	}
} Indexed;
struct AllOf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			for (const auto& i : v) {
				if (!f(i)) return false;
			}
			return true;
		});
	}
} AllOf;
struct AnyOf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			for (const auto& i : v) {
				if (f(i)) return true;
			}
			return false;
		});
	}
} AnyOf;
struct NoneOf_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(F&& f) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			for (const auto& i : v) {
				if (f(i)) return false;
			}
			return true;
		});
	}
} NoneOf;

struct Tally_impl {
	template <class F> auto operator()(size_t max_val) {
		return Callable([&](auto v) {
			vector<size_t> result(max_val);
			for (const auto& i : v) {
				result[static_cast<size_t>(i)]++;
			}
			return result;
		});
	}
	template <class T, class value_type = typename T::value_type>
	friend auto operator|(const T& v, Tally_impl& c) {
		map<value_type, size_t> result;
		for (const auto& i : v) {
			result[i]++;
		}
		return result;
	}
} Tally;

template <class T> auto operator*(const vector<T>& a, size_t n) {
	T result;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		result.insert(result.end(), a.begin(), a.end());
	}
	return result;
}
auto operator*(string a, size_t n) {
	string result;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		result += a;
	}
	return result;
}
template <class T, class U> auto& operator<<(vector<T>& a, const U& b) {
	a.insert(a.end(), all(b));
	return a;
}
template <class T> auto& operator<<(string& a, const T& b) {
	a.insert(a.end(), all(b));
	return a;
}
template <class T, class U> auto operator+(vector<T> a, const U& b) {
	a << b;
	return a;
}
template <class T> auto operator+(string a, const T& b) {
	a << b;
	return a;
}
#line 7 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/template/functions.cpp"
using namespace std;

template <class T = long long> constexpr T TEN(size_t n) {
	T result = 1;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) result *= 10;
	return result;
}
template <class T, class U,
          enable_if_t<is_integral_v<T> && is_integral_v<U>, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
constexpr auto div_ceil(T n, U m) {
	return (n + m - 1) / m;
}
template <class T, class U> constexpr auto div_ceil2(T n, U m) {
	return div_ceil(n, m) * m;
}
template <class T> constexpr T triangle(T n) {
	return (n & 1) ? (n + 1) / 2 * n : n / 2 * (n + 1);
}
template <class T> constexpr T nC2(T n) {
	return (n & 1) ? (n - 1) / 2 * n : n / 2 * (n - 1);
}
template <class T, class U> constexpr auto middle(const T& l, const U& r) {
	return l + (r - l) / 2;
}
template <class T, class U, class V>
constexpr bool in_range(const T& v, const U& lower, const V& upper) {
	return lower <= v && v < upper;
}
template <class T, enable_if_t<is_integral_v<T>, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
constexpr bool is_square(T n) {
	T s = sqrt(n);
	return s * s == n || (s + 1) * (s + 1) == n;
}
template <class T = long long> constexpr T BIT(int b) {
	return T(1) << b;
}
template <class T> constexpr int BIT(T x, int i) {
	return (x & (T(1) << i)) ? 1 : 0;
}
template <class T> constexpr int Sgn(T x) {
	return (0 < x) - (0 > x);
}
template <class T, class U, enable_if_t<is_integral_v<U>, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
constexpr T Pow(T a, U n) {
	assert(n >= 0);
	T result = 1;
	while (n > 0) {
		if (n & 1) {
			result *= a;
			n--;
		} else {
			a *= a;
			n >>= 1;
		}
	}
	return result;
}
template <class T, class U, enable_if_t<is_integral_v<U>, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
constexpr T Powmod(T a, U n, T mod) {
	assert(n >= 0);
	if (a > mod) a %= mod;
	T result = 1;
	while (n > 0) {
		if (n & 1) {
			result = result * a % mod;
			n--;
		} else {
			a = a * a % mod;
			n >>= 1;
		}
	}
	return result;
}
template <class T> bool chmax(T& a, const T& b) {
	if (a < b) {
		a = b;
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
template <class T> bool chmin(T& a, const T& b) {
	if (a > b) {
		a = b;
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
template <class T> int sz(const T& v) {
	return v.size();
}
template <class T, class U> int lower_index(const T& a, const U& v) {
	return lower_bound(all(a), v) - a.begin();
}
template <class T, class U> int upper_index(const T& a, const U& v) {
	return upper_bound(all(a), v) - a.begin();
}
template <class T> auto Slice(const T& v, size_t i, size_t len) {
	return i < v.size() ? T(v.begin() + i, v.begin() + min(i + len, v.size())) : T();
}
template <class T, class U = typename T::value_type> U Gcdv(const T& v) {
	return accumulate(next(v.begin()), v.end(), U(*v.begin()), gcd<U, U>);
}
template <class T, class U = typename T::value_type> U Lcmv(const T& v) {
	return accumulate(next(v.begin()), v.end(), U(*v.begin()), lcm<U, U>);
}
namespace internal {
	template <class T, size_t N> auto make_vector(vector<int>& sizes, const T& init) {
		if constexpr (N == 1) {
			return vector(sizes[0], init);
		} else {
			int size = sizes[N - 1];
			sizes.pop_back();
			return vector(size, make_vector<T, N - 1>(sizes, init));
		}
	}
}  // namespace internal
template <class T, size_t N> auto make_vector(const int (&sizes)[N], const T& init = T()) {
	vector s(rbegin(sizes), rend(sizes));
	return internal::make_vector<T, N>(s, init);
}
#line 9 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/template/template.cpp"
#if __has_include(<library/dump.hpp>)
#include <library/dump.hpp>
#define LOCAL
#else
#define dump(...) ((void)0)
#endif

template <class T> constexpr T oj_local(const T& oj, const T& local) {
#ifndef LOCAL
	return oj;
#else
	return local;
#endif
}
#line 3 "/home/yuruhiya/programming/library/Utility/Combination.cpp"
using namespace std;

template <class T, class F> void each_repeated_permutation(const T& array, size_t count, F f) {
	using value_type = typename T::value_type;
	vector<value_type> permutation(count);
	auto dfs = [&](auto self, size_t size) -> void {
		if (size == count) {
			f(permutation);
		} else {
			for (const auto& i : array) {
				permutation[size] = i;
				self(self, size + 1);
			}
		}
	};
	dfs(dfs, 0);
}

template <class T> auto repeated_permutations(const T& array, size_t count) {
	using value_type = typename T::value_type;
	vector<vector<value_type>> result;
	size_t size = 1;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		size *= array.size();
	}
	result.reserve(size);
	each_repeated_permutation(array, count, [&](const auto& perm) { result.push_back(perm); });
	return result;
}
#line 3 "a.cpp"

int main() {
	while (true) {
		inl(n, m, k);
		if (n + m + k == 0) break;
		ll cnt = 0, sum = 0;
		each_repeated_permutation(step(1ll, m + 1), n, [&](auto p) {
			cnt++;
			sum += max(1ll, (p | Sum) - k);
		});
		out(LD(sum) / cnt);
	}
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 780
memory_kb: 3580
final_rank: 19

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int p[100000];

int solve() {
    int n,m,k;
    cin>>n>>m>>k;
    if (n==0 && m==0 && k==0) return 0;

    memset(p,0,sizeof(p));
    p[0]=1;
    for (int d=1; d<=n; d++) {
        for (int i=d*m; i>=d; i--) {
            p[i]=0;
            for (int j=1; j<=m && j<=i; j++) p[i]+=p[i-j];
        }
        p[d-1]=0;
    }

    double bill=0;
    for (int i=n; i<=n*m; i++) bill+=(i>k ? i-k : 1)*p[i];
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++) bill/=m;

    cout<<fixed<<setprecision(8)<<bill<<endl;
    return 1;
}

int main() {
    while (solve());
    return 0;
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 20
memory_kb: 3632
final_rank: 1

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

using ll = long long;

int cnt[300001];

void dfs(int k, int n, int m, int s) {
    if (k == n) {
        cnt[s]++;
        return;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
        dfs(k + 1, n, m, s + i);
    }
}

int main() {
    while (1) {
        int n, m, k;
        cin >> n >> m >> k;
        if (n == 0)
            break;
        for (int i = n; i <= n * m; i++)
            cnt[i] = 0;
        dfs(0, n, m, 0);
        double ans = 0;
        for (int i = n; i <= n * m; i++) {
            int j = max(i - k, 1);
            ans += j * cnt[i];
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            ans /= m;
        printf("%.15lf\n", ans);
    }
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 40
memory_kb: 3352
final_rank: 3

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define int long long

// debug methods
// usage: debug(x,y);
#define CHOOSE(a) CHOOSE2 a
#define CHOOSE2(a0,a1,a2,a3,a4,x,...) x
#define debug_1(x1) cout<<#x1<<": "<<x1<<endl
#define debug_2(x1,x2) cout<<#x1<<": "<<x1<<", "#x2<<": "<<x2<<endl
#define debug_3(x1,x2,x3) cout<<#x1<<": "<<x1<<", "#x2<<": "<<x2<<", "#x3<<": "<<x3<<endl
#define debug_4(x1,x2,x3,x4) cout<<#x1<<": "<<x1<<", "#x2<<": "<<x2<<", "#x3<<": "<<x3<<", "#x4<<": "<<x4<<endl
#define debug_5(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5) cout<<#x1<<": "<<x1<<", "#x2<<": "<<x2<<", "#x3<<": "<<x3<<", "#x4<<": "<<x4<<", "#x5<<": "<<x5<<endl
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define debug(...) CHOOSE((__VA_ARGS__,debug_5,debug_4,debug_3,debug_2,debug_1,~))(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define debug(...)
#endif

#define MAX_N (1000006)
#define INF (1LL << 60)
#define eps 1e-9
const int MOD = (int)1e9 + 7;

int n,m,k;
vector<int> v;

void rec(int sum, int depth) {
    if(depth==n){
        v.push_back(max(1LL,sum-k));
        return;
    }
    for(int i=1; i<=m; i++){
        rec(sum+i, depth+1);
    }
}

signed main(){
    while(1){
        int nn, mm, kk;
        cin >> nn >> mm >> kk;
        if(nn==0) break;
        n = nn;
        m = mm;
        k = kk;
        v.clear();

        rec(0,0);
        debug(v.size());

        map<int,int> mp;
        for(int i=0; i<v.size(); i++) mp[v[i]]++;
        double ans = 0.0;
        for(auto it: mp){
            debug(it.first, it.second);
            ans += it.first * it.second;
        }
        printf("%.10f\n", ans/pow(m,n));
    }
}

/*


*/
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 180
memory_kb: 20152
final_rank: 20

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int n, m, k;

long long solve(long long now = 0, long long sum = 0);

int main() {
  cout << fixed << setprecision(10);
  while (1) {
    cin >> n >> m >> k;
    if (n + m + k == 0) break;
    long double res = solve();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) res /= m;
    cout << res << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

long long solve(long long now, long long sum) {
  if (now == n) return max(1LL, sum - k);
  long long res = 0;
  for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) res += solve(now + 1, sum + i);
  return res;
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 50
memory_kb: 3324
final_rank: 5

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int solve() {
    int n, m, k;
    cin >> n >> m >> k;
    if (n == 0) return 1;
    vector<double> p(n*m + 1);
    p[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        vector<double> nxt(n*m + 1);
        for (int j = 0; j <= n*m; ++j) {
            for (int x = 1; x <= m && j + x <= n*m; ++x) {
                nxt[j + x] += p[j] / m;
            }
        }
        p = move(nxt);
    }
    double ans = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i <= n*m; ++i) {
        ans += p[i] * max(1, i - k);
    }
    cout << fixed << setprecision(15) << ans << '\n';
    return 0;
}

int main() {
    while (!solve());
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 40
memory_kb: 3696
final_rank: 8

code_snippet: #include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    while(true){
        int n, m, k;
        cin >> n >> m >> k;
        if(n == 0 && m == 0 && k == 0) break;
        double dp[30][10005];
        for(int i = 0; i <= n; i++){
            for(int j = 0; j <= 10000; j++) dp[i][j] = 0;
        }
        dp[0][0] = 1;
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            for(int j = i; j <= i * m; j++){
                for(int k = 1; k <= min(j, m); k++){
                    dp[i][j] += dp[i - 1][j - k];
                }
            }
            double s = 0;
            for(int j = i; j <= i * m; j++) s += dp[i][j];
            for(int j = i; j <= i * m; j++) dp[i][j] /= s;
        }
        double ans = 0;
        for(int j = n; j <= n * m; j++){
            ans += max(1, j - k) * dp[n][j];
        }
        cout << fixed << setprecision(15) << ans << endl;
    }
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 30
memory_kb: 4996
final_rank: 13

code_snippet: #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
#include <iostream> // cout, endl, cin
#include <string> // string, to_string, stoi
#include <vector> // vector
#include <algorithm> // min, max, swap, sort, reverse, lower_bound, upper_bound
#include <utility> // pair, make_pair
#include <tuple> // tuple, make_tuple
#include <cstdint> // int64_t, int*_t
#include <cstdio> // printf
#include <map> // map
#include <queue> // queue, priority_queue
#include <set> // set
#include <stack> // stack
#include <deque> // deque
#include <unordered_map> // unordered_map
#include <unordered_set> // unordered_set
#include <bitset> // bitset
#include <cctype> // isupper, islower, isdigit, toupper, tolower
#include <iomanip> // setprecision
#include <complex> // complex
#include <math.h> 
#include <functional>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int,int>;
constexpr ll INF = 1e18;
constexpr int inf = 1e9;
constexpr double eps = 1e-9;
// constexpr ll mod = 1000000007;
constexpr ll mod = 998244353;
const int dx[8] = {1, 0, -1, 0,1,1,-1,-1};
const int dy[8] = {0, 1, 0, -1,1,-1,1,-1};
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------


bool solve(){
  int N,M,K;
  cin >> N >> M >> K;
  if(N == 0) return false;
  double ans = 0;
  double sum = 0;
  function<void(int)> dfs = [&dfs,&N,&M,&sum,&K,&ans](int k){
    if(k == N){
      ans += max(1.0,sum-K);
      return;
    }else{
      for(int i=1; i<=M; i++){
        sum += i;
        dfs(k+1);
        sum -= i;
      }
    }
  };
  dfs(0);
  for(int i=0; i<N; i++) ans /= M;
  cout << fixed << setprecision(10) << ans << "\n";
  return true;
}


int main(){
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(nullptr);
  while(solve());
  return 0;
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 110
memory_kb: 3508
final_rank: 16

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for(int (i)=0;(i)<(n);++i)
#define mkp make_pair
#define mkt make_tuple
#define all(v) (v).begin(),(v).end()
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const ll MOD=1e9+7;
template<class T> void chmin(T &a,const T &b){if(a>b) a=b;}
template<class T> void chmax(T &a,const T &b){if(a<b) a=b;}

ll ans;
int N,M,K;

void rec(int now,ll val){
    if(now==0){
        ans+=max(1ll,val-K);
        return;
    }
    for(int i=1;i<=M;i++) rec(now-1,val+i);
}

void solve(){
    ans=0;
    ll all=1;
    rep(i,N) all*=M;

    rec(N,0);

    long double output=ans/(long double)all;
    cout<<fixed<<setprecision(10)<<output<<"\n";
}

int main(){
  while(1){
    cin>>N>>M>>K;
    if(N==0) break;

    solve();
  }

  return 0;
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 60
memory_kb: 3208
final_rank: 7

code_snippet: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define modulo 998244353
#define mod(mod_x) ((((long long)mod_x+modulo))%modulo)
#define Inf 1000000005
double ans;

void dfs(int n,int m,int k,int now){
	if(n==0){
		ans += (double)max(1,now-k);
		return;
	}
	
	for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){
		dfs(n-1,m,k,now+i);
	}
}

int main(){
	
	while(true){
		int n,m,k;
		cin>>n>>m>>k;
		if(n==0)break;
		ans=0.0;
		dfs(n,m,k,0);
		ans /= pow(m,n);
		cout<<fixed<<setprecision(15)<<ans<<endl;
	}
	
	return 0;
}
accuracy: 1
time_ms: 60
memory_kb: 3456
final_rank: 10