NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
A photosystem that contains an iron-sulfur reaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, photosystem I functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin; in photosynthetic bacteria that have only a single type I photosystem, such as the green sulfur bacteria, electrons can go either to ferredoxin (Fd) -> NAD+ or to menaquinone (MK) -> Cytb/FeS -> Cytc555 -> photosystem I (cyclic photophosphorylation).
photosystem I
A photosystem that contains a pheophytin-quinone reaction center with associated accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, in the presence of light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone, whereas other photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxidize other compounds to re-reduce the photoreaction center.
photosystem II
The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
plastid envelope
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.
plastid outer membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope; also faces the plastid stroma.
plastid inner membrane
A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present.
primary cell wall
A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.
secondary cell wall
The proteinaceous ground substance of plastids.
plastid stroma
Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
chloroplast thylakoid
The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
chloroplast thylakoid membrane
Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
plastid
The precursor of other plastids.
proplastid
Distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts. Grana contain the pigments, electron transfer compounds, and enzymes essential to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
granum
A leucoplast in which oil is stored.
elaioplast
A ribosome contained within a plastid.
plastid ribosome
The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.
antipodal cell differentiation
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.
chloroplast stroma
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a proplastid.
proplastid stroma
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
tropism
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
response to red or far red light
Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.
shade avoidance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.
response to light intensity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.
response to high light intensity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.
response to low light intensity stimulus
Pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Involved in state transitions that cause migration to PSI under certain environmental conditions such as high light.
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex
Rudimentary double fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the ventral canal cell nucleus to form a second zygote, which soon degenerates. An example of this process is found in the Gnetophytes, such as Welwitschia mirabilis.
double fertilization forming two zygotes
A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.
induced systemic resistance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
response to endogenous stimulus
The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.
C4 photosynthesis
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of a membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.
transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
regulation of asymmetric cell division
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.
post-embryonic development
The controlled shedding of a body part.
abscission
A thylakoid found in a cyanelle, which is a type of plastid found in certain algae. The cyanelle contains a photosynthetic membrane resembling that of cyanobacteria.
cyanelle thylakoid
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.
seed germination
The cascade of biological processes occurring in plants beginning when the pollen lands on the female reproductive organs of a plant and continuing up to, but not including, fertilization, as defined by sperm-egg cell fusion.
pollination
Growth of pollen via tip extension of the intine wall.
pollen tube growth
Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
cytokinin receptor activity
The opening of an anther, fruit or other structure, which permits the escape of reproductive bodies contained within it.
dehiscence
The dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.
anther dehiscence
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem.
flower development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
regulation of flower development
The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
hormone transport
The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
basal plasma membrane
The unidirectional movement of auxin in the stem from tip to base along the vector of gravity or basipetally.
auxin polar transport
Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Growth that occurs specifically at the tip of a cell.
cell tip growth
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
chloroplast envelope
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
endosperm development
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.
response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized.
leaf morphogenesis
Catalysis of a ring closure reaction.
cyclase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a uridine in RNA = a pseudouridine in RNA. Conversion of uridine in an RNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.
pseudouridine synthase activity
Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.
cell-cell recognition
Cell recognition that involves the interaction of the cell with the extracellular matrix.
cell-matrix recognition
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
gastrulation involving germ band extension
Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.
meristem initiation
The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support.
root morphogenesis
The process in which a meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).
meristem determinacy
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.
regulation of seed germination
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.
response to acetate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.
response to carbon dioxide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.
response to mycotoxin
The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.
vernalization response
Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.
vegetative phase change
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.
root epidermal cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.
atrichoblast differentiation
The process involved in the specification of an atrichoblast.
atrichoblast fate specification
The process involved in the specification of a trichoblast.
trichoblast fate specification
Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification.
regulation of atrichoblast fate specification
Any process that modulates trichoblast fate specification.
regulation of trichoblast fate specification
Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem.
meristem maintenance
The regionalization process in which the identity of an animal organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of animal organ identity
The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of floral organ identity
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.
regulation of photomorphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic root are generated and organized. The post-embryonic root is the root formed after the embryonic phase has been completed.
post-embryonic root morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of a lateral root are generated and organized. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
lateral root morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
stomatal complex morphogenesis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.
cellular response to iron ion starvation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.
regulation of photosynthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis dark reaction.
regulation of photosynthesis, dark reaction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.
regulation of systemic acquired resistance
The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).
stomatal movement
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal movement.
regulation of stomatal movement
The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine ribonucleosides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine ribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis.
pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage
The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide salvage
The last stage of leaf development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place.
leaf senescence
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.
fruit development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of proton transport
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.
response to chlorate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.
response to nitrate
The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized.
body morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized.
embryonic body morphogenesis
Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond between IAA (auxin) and the conjugated amino acid.
IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activity
The process in which the growth of pollen tube is directed towards the female gametophyte.
pollen tube guidance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.
response to ozone
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.
response to chitin
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms.
photosystem II assembly
Binding to a vacuolar sorting signal, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the vacuole.
vacuolar sorting signal binding
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed coat over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
seed coat development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
regulation of vernalization response
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
response to lithium ion
The controlled shedding of floral organs.
floral organ abscission
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
inflorescence development
Any process that maintains a seed in a dormant state.
maintenance of seed dormancy
The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a vascular tissue or in the vascular membrane.
vascular transport
The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within the phloem during long distance transport between source and sink tissues.
phloem transport
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.
response to proline
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.
NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.
response to selenium ion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll.
regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.
response to silver ion
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.
detoxification of copper ion
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
response to lead ion
Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxocarboxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + an L-alpha-amino acid.
methionine-oxo-acid transaminase activity
Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.
terpene synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = a sesquiterpene + diphosphate. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes containing three isoprene units, i.e. 15 carbons.
sesquiterpene synthase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.
response to non-ionic osmotic stress
The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
leaf formation
The side of the cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.
external side of cell wall
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.
carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to homogentisic acid.
homogentisate prenyltransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.
regulation of anion channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process