NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
Combining with a prostanoid, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure, to initiate a change in cell activity.
prostanoid receptor activity
Combining with a prostaglandin (PG) to initiate a change in cell activity.
prostaglandin receptor activity
Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.
leukotriene receptor activity
Combining with melanocortin to initiate a change in cell activity.
melanocortin receptor activity
Combining with neuropeptide Y to initiate a change in cell activity.
neuropeptide Y receptor activity
Combining with a tachykinin neuropeptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
tachykinin receptor activity
Combining with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
neurotrophin receptor activity
Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell.
osmosensor activity
Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
netrin receptor activity
The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing behavioral, developmental, or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell. The substance may be released or retained on the cell surface. Pheromones may serve as a specific attractant, social communicator, or sexual stimulant.
pheromone activity
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.
structural molecule activity
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.
structural constituent of cell wall
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.
structural constituent of cytoskeleton
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chitin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, where channel opening contributes to an increase in membrane potential.
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Modulates the activity of a calcium channel.
calcium channel regulator activity
Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a chloride ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
chloride channel activity
Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
calcium channel activity
Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
potassium channel activity
Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
sodium channel activity
Enables the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of creatine from one side of a membrane to the other. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.
creatine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A nucleotide-sugar is any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
organic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
ATP transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative which is important in the metabolism of fats.
taurine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other.
water transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of manganese (Mn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity
Binding to a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.
steroid binding
Binding to a retinoid, a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.
retinoid binding
Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
fatty acid binding
Binding to collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
collagen binding
Binding to a macrolide, any of a large group of structurally related antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species.
macrolide binding
Binding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.
glycosaminoglycan binding
Binding to a phospholipid, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
phospholipid binding
Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
phospholipid transporter activity
Binding to an odorant, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.
odorant binding
A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.
collagen trimer
Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils.
fibrillar collagen trimer
A collagen trimer that associates with collagen fibrils and consists of collagen monomers that contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences.
FACIT collagen trimer
Any collagen trimer that does not form fibrils and that is relatively short compared to the collagen trimers that do form fibrils.
short-chain collagen trimer
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
cell wall
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
nuclear envelope
The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.
nuclear lamina
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
nucleoplasm
A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters.
transcription factor TFIID complex
Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.
chromatin silencing complex
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.
telomerase holoenzyme complex
A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.
polytene chromosome
An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes.
recombination nodule
Circular DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
extrachromosomal circular DNA
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
nucleolus
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
cytoplasm
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
mitochondrial envelope
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
lysosome
A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole.
primary lysosome
Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome.
secondary lysosome
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
endosome
A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
early endosome
The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
vacuolar membrane
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
vacuolar lumen
A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
centrosome
An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.
aster
The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
spindle
Structure between the central and outer plaques of the spindle pole body.
intermediate layer of spindle pole body
One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus.
inner plaque of spindle pole body
One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the central plaque is embedded in the nuclear envelope.
central plaque of spindle pole body
One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm.
outer plaque of spindle pole body
Structure adjacent to the plaques of the spindle pole body.
half bridge of spindle pole body
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
cytosol
Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.
mRNA cleavage factor complex
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
cytoskeleton
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
troponin complex
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
striated muscle thin filament
A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.
dynactin complex
Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work.
kinesin complex
Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.
microtubule associated complex
Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
spindle microtubule
A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules.
axonemal microtubule
The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of an epithelial cell in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.
brush border
A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.
cellular bud
The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.
cellular bud tip
The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.
cellular bud neck
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form.
septin ring
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, coupling the oxidation and reduction of NAD/H and the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
fermentation
Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
purine ribonucleoside salvage
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
DNA replication
The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
DNA ligation
The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended continuously in a 5' to 3' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Leading strand elongation proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.
leading strand elongation
The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended in a net 3' to 5' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork.
lagging strand elongation
The process in which DNA replication at a replication fork ceases; occurs when the replication fork reaches a specific termination site or when two replication forks meet.
DNA replication termination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
regulation of DNA replication
The maintenance of the integrity of extrachromosomal plasmid DNA; includes processes that ensure plasmids are retained in the daughter cells after cell division.
plasmid maintenance
The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.
DNA amplification
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
DNA repair
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
regulation of DNA repair
The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired.
base-excision repair, AP site formation
The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers.
pyrimidine dimer repair
The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.
double-strand break repair
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties.
DNA modification
Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
DNA recombination
The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region that occurs during mitotic cell cycles.
mitotic recombination
Lateral transfer of an intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron.
intron homing
The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.
adenosine to inosine editing
Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.
RNA processing
The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. The alanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetases. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA.
alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. The arginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. The asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an asparagine-accetping tRNA.
asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. The aspartyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an aspartic acid accetping tRNA.
aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. A cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a cysteine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamic acid-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation