NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
lung development
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
embryonic limb morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
regulation of cell migration
Antagonizes ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
translation repressor activity
The process in which a naturally transformable bacterium acquires the ability to take up exogenous DNA. This term should be applied only to naturally transformable bacteria, and should not be used in the context of artificially induced bacterial transformation.
establishment of competence for transformation
The expulsion of feces from the rectum.
defecation
The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
axon
A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
dendrite
The migrating motile tip of a growing neuron projection, where actin accumulates, and the actin cytoskeleton is the most dynamic.
growth cone
Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.
site of polarized growth
A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards.
peristalsis
The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
filamentous growth
The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells.
smooth muscle contractile fiber
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule.
tRNA methylation
The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.
heteroduplex formation
A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.
midbody
The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units.
fatty acid elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
regulation of bone mineralization
Binding to a small nucleolar RNA.
snoRNA binding
Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.
regulation of axon extension
Binding to a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle.
snoRNP binding
Any process in which plasmids are segregated or distributed into daughter cells upon cell division.
plasmid partitioning
Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed.
acetylcholine receptor regulator activity
Binding to a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
cyclic nucleotide binding
Binding to an adenyl nucleotide, an adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
adenyl nucleotide binding
Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
RNA modification guide activity
Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
rRNA modification guide activity
Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
tRNA modification guide activity
Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
RNA pseudouridylation guide activity
Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
RNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity
Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an snRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
snRNA modification guide activity
Catalysis of the reaction involving the transfer of a phosphatidate (otherwise known as diacylglycerol 3-phosphosphate) group.
phosphatidyltransferase activity
Partial constriction of the cytoplasm of a cell to form a furrow that resembles a cleavage furrow but does not complete cytokinesis.
pseudocleavage
The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
neutrophil chemotaxis
Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
neurotransmitter receptor activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an RNA molecule.
RNA glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the interconversion of arsenate and arsenite.
arsenate reductase activity
The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.
coated vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.
endocytic vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
synaptic vesicle membrane
Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed during ribosome biogenesis.
preribosome
A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.
90S preribosome
Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.
Noc complex
Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.
eggshell formation
Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of the egg shell, a rigid structure required to maintain the shape of the egg.
vitelline membrane formation
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport
The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
follicle cell of egg chamber development
The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.
oocyte karyosome formation
Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.
germ-line stem cell population maintenance
The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
ovulation
Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell.
regulation of actin filament length
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of monomers to a filament.
regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of monomers from a filament.
regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
regulation of granulocyte differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.
epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.
polarized epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
cortical cytoskeleton
The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
cortical actin cytoskeleton
The portion of nuclear chromatin associated with the nucleolus; includes the DNA encoding the ribosomal RNA.
nucleolar chromatin
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.
thyroid gland development
Binding to a lipid antigen.
lipid antigen binding
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane, late endosomal (multivesicular body) and lysosomal membranes. HOPS is a tethering complex involved in vesicle fusion.
HOPS complex
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
notochord development
A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.
retromer complex
The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence.
protein splicing
The acetylation of peptidyl-serine.
peptidyl-serine acetylation
Complex that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. In all organisms where it has been found, the complex is a tetramer. In bacteria, it is a homotetramer. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed small and large subunits.
ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
A protein complex composed of four different subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
heterotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures.
establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity
The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
cortical microtubule cytoskeleton
Binding to a kininogen, a kinin precursor.
kininogen binding
Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.
regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
response to caffeine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.
response to brefeldin A
A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Actin rod structures are found in diverse organisms, having been observed in spores of Dictyostelium discoideum, Drosophila melanogaster oocytes, as well as in numerous animal cells under stress conditions.
actin rod
An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in a plastid.
plastid ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
Any nuclear protein complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the imitation switch (ISWI) family. ISWI ATPases are involved in assembling chromatin and in sliding and spacing nucleosomes to regulate transcription of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III and also DNA replication, recombination and repair.
ISWI-type complex
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones.
pancreas development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.
endocrine pancreas development
A complex that possesses glutamate synthase activity.
glutamate synthase complex
A protein complex that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
glutamate synthase complex (NADH)
A process in which genomic fragments or entire chromosomes are eliminated from somatic cells or from micronuclei of ciliates. This process occurs in the developing macronucleus (anlage) of a ciliate, as well as in other species, including vertebrates and is an irreversible mechanism of gene silencing.
programmed DNA elimination
The biogenesis of a snoRNA molecule which resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA.
intronic snoRNA processing
Binding to a heat shock protein, a protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.
heat shock protein binding
A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.
platelet dense tubular network
The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass).
regeneration
The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.
animal organ regeneration
The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.
axon regeneration
A protein complex containing septins. Typically, these complexes contain multiple septins and are oligomeric.
septin complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.
regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
regulation of microtubule polymerization
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule.
rRNA pseudouridine synthesis
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.
tRNA pseudouridine synthesis
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.
snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder).
developmental induction
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon starvation for one or more nutrients.
induction of conjugation upon nutrient starvation
The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.
induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule.
rRNA methylation
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide.
peptide modification
A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
SNARE complex
An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex.
endoplasmic reticulum Sec complex
Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.
biomineral tissue development
The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell.
shell calcification
A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule.
protein acetyltransferase complex
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.
leading edge membrane
The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a pseudopodium.
pseudopodium retraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclase activity.
regulation of cyclase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hexitol + acceptor = hexose + reduced acceptor.
hexitol dehydrogenase activity
Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins.
RNAi effector complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
regulation of vesicle fusion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism.
regulation of cell killing
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
regulation of defense response
The removal of an amino group from the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
N-terminal protein amino acid deamination
Binding to a translation initiation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
translation initiation factor binding
A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
regulation of protein ubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
regulation of protein modification process
Binding to a carboxylic acid, an organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
carboxylic acid binding
Binding to a pigment, a general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
pigment binding
Binding to an alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.
alkali metal ion binding
The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.
keratinization
The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules.
chloroplast RNA processing
The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules.
polycistronic mRNA processing
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
response to methotrexate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing, any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.
regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
Binding to DNA that is assembled into chromatin.
chromatin DNA binding
Binding to a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
nucleosome binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching, the conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.
regulation of mating type switching
A complex that possesses mannosyltransferase activity.
mannosyltransferase complex
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus.
microvillus membrane
The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the plus ends of the microtubules.
plus-end directed microtubule sliding
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
peptidyl-proline 3-dioxygenase activity
A negative regulation of gene expression mechanism by which bacteria and archae can direct RNA polymerase to prematurely terminate transcription in response to a specific metabolic signal.
transcriptional attenuation
The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
cell-substrate adhesion
Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination of the target protein.
polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding
A proteasome found in the nucleus of a cell.
nuclear proteasome complex
A proteasome complex found in the cytosol of a cell.
cytosolic proteasome complex
The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
nuclear proteasome regulatory particle