NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
purine metabolic process
purine metabolism
purine nucleotide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
purine nucleotide anabolism
purine nucleotide biosynthesis
purine nucleotide formation
purine nucleotide synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
AMP anabolism
AMP biosynthesis
AMP formation
AMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
dAMP anabolism
dAMP biosynthesis
dAMP formation
dAMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
dATP anabolism
dATP biosynthesis
dATP formation
dATP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
GMP anabolism
GMP biosynthesis
GMP formation
GMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
dGMP anabolism
dGMP biosynthesis
dGMP formation
dGMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate.
IMP anabolism
IMP biosynthesis
IMP formation
IMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
purine nucleotide breakdown
purine nucleotide catabolism
purine nucleotide degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
pyrimidine base metabolic process
pyrimidine base metabolism
pyrimidine metabolic process
pyrimidine metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
pyrimidine base breakdown
pyrimidine base catabolic process
pyrimidine base catabolism
pyrimidine base degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
pyrimidine metabolic process
pyrimidine metabolism
pyrimidine nucleoside metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
cytidine breakdown
cytidine catabolism
cytidine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
pyrimidine metabolic process
pyrimidine metabolism
pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
pyrimidine nucleotide formation
pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate.
UMP anabolism
UMP biosynthesis
UMP formation
UMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).
dTMP anabolism
dTMP biosynthesis
dTMP formation
dTMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
dCDP anabolism
dCDP biosynthesis
dCDP formation
dCDP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
CTP anabolism
CTP biosynthesis
CTP formation
CTP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown
pyrimidine nucleotide catabolism
pyrimidine nucleotide degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-alpha-D-glucose, a substance composed of UDP-alpha-D-glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-glucose breakdown
UDP-glucose catabolism
UDP-glucose conversion
UDP-glucose degradation
Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
cellular DNA metabolism
DNA metabolism
A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.
DNA-dependent DNA replication
The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial DNA synthesis
mtDNA replication
mtDNA synthesis
replication of mitochondrial DNA
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the nuclear pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the eukaryotic DNA replication origin and is required for replication initiation.
nuclear pre-replicative complex assembly
pre-RC complex assembly
pre-replicative complex assembly
pre-replicative complex formation
The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication.
DNA unwinding during replication
DNA unwinding factor
The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; it begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, followed by DNA unwinding.
DNA endoreduplication initiation
DNA re-replication initiation
DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation
The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication.
DNA replication elongation
DNA strand elongation during DNA replication
A DNA biosynthetic process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strand.
RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process
The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division.
DNA replication during S phase involved in meiotic cell cycle
DNA replication involved in S phase involved in meiotic cell cycle
DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in meiotic cell cycle
meiotic cell cycle DNA replication
meiotic DNA replication
meiotic DNA synthesis
meiotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in meiotic cell cycle
premeiotic DNA synthesis
The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway.
TC-NER
TCR
transcription-coupled NER
transcription-coupled repair
In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
BER
A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).
intrastrand cross-link repair
NER
pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage excision
A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.
long patch mismatch repair system
mismatch repair, MutL-like pathway
MMR
MutS/MutL/MutH pathway
The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication.
postreplication DNA repair
The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.
NHEJ
The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
DNA breakdown
DNA catabolism
DNA degradation
The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments.
chromatinolysis
DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
DNA catabolism during apoptosis
DNA fragmentation
DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
The cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele.
gene conversion without reciprocal crossover
A type of transposition in which a transposable element (transposon) is moved to another part of a genome, either by a cut-and-paste mechanism or a replicative mechanism.
Class II transposition
transposition, DNA-mediated
The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA.
chromatin assembly
chromatin assembly or disassembly
chromatin assembly/disassembly
chromatin maintenance
chromatin modification
chromatin organisation
DNA replication-independent chromatin assembly
DNA replication-independent chromatin organization
DNA replication-independent nucleosome organisation
DNA replication-independent nuclesome assembly
establishment of chromatin architecture
establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
transcription-coupled nucleosome assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
histone chaperone
nucleosome modeling
A dynamic process of chromatin reorganization resulting in changes to chromatin structure. These changes allow DNA metabolic processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA recombination, DNA repair, and DNA replication.
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling
ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling
chromatin modeling
chromatin modelling
chromatin remodelling
Formation of constitutive heterochromatin by a pathway that includes methylation of genomic DNA such as CpG islands.
DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin assembly
DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation
methylation-dependent chromatin silencing
methylation-dependent heterochromatic silencing
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.
bacterial transcription
cellular transcription
DNA-dependent transcription
transcription
transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
transcription, DNA-dependent
transcription, DNA-templated
The initial step of transcription, consisting of the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at a gene promoter, as well as the formation of the first few bonds of the RNA transcript. Transcription initiation includes abortive initiation events, which occur when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released, and ends when promoter clearance takes place.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex assembly at promoter
DNA-dependent transcription, initiation
DNA-templated transcription, initiation
initiation of DNA-dependent transcription
initiation of transcription, DNA-dependent
transcription initiation factor activity
transcription initiation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
transcription initiation, DNA-dependent
The completion of transcription: the RNA polymerase pauses, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, followed by the release of the RNA polymerase from its DNA template.
DNA-dependent transcription, termination
DNA-templated transcription, termination
termination of DNA-dependent transcription
termination of transcription, DNA-dependent
transcription termination factor activity
transcription termination from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
transcription termination, DNA-dependent
transcriptional complex disassembly
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase.
DNA-dependent transcription, elongation
DNA-templated transcription, elongation
RNA elongation
RNA elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
transcription elongation, DNA-dependent
transcriptional elongation, DNA-dependent
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of gene-specific transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
transcriptional control
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.
regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter
regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter
regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA ploymerase III.
regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter.
RNA polymerase I transcription factor activity
transcription from Pol I promoter
transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase I gene promoter. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase I.
transcription initiation from Pol I promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I.
RNA elongation from Pol I promoter
RNA polymerase I transcription elongation factor activity
transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter
transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
A transcription termination process that completes the production of a ribosomal RNA transcript. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein to specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit.
RNA polymerase I transcription termination
RNA polymerase I transcription termination factor activity
termination of RNA polymerase I transcription from promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
transcription termination from Pol I promoter
transcription termination from RNA polymerase I promoter
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules.
35S primary transcript processing
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
general transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
transcription from Pol II promoter
transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase II gene promoter. Messenger RNAs (mRNA) genes, as well as some non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
transcription initiation from Pol II promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
RNA elongation from Pol II promoter
RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factor activity
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II promoter
transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary RNA polymerase II transcript.
RNA 3\'-end formation by RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase II transcription termination
RNA polymerase II transcription termination factor activity
transcription termination from Pol II promoter
transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter
The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the mRNA 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript. Additional methylation can occur on the ribose sugars of the first and second nucleotides adjacent to the m7G nRNA cap. These methylations are often referred to as N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6,2A) and N6,2'-O-dimethylguanosine (m6,2G), respectively.
5\' end capping
5\' mRNA capping
5\'-end mRNA processing
5\'-end processing
mRNA capping
Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.
spliceosomal commitment complex biosynthesis
spliceosomal commitment complex formation
spliceosomal E complex biosynthesis
spliceosomal E complex formation
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter.
RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity
transcription from a RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter
transcription from Pol III promoter
transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
transcription from RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter
transcription from RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter
U2 snRNA transcription (S. cerevisiae)
U6 snRNA transcription (mammalian)
A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase III gene promoter. Transfer RNAs (tRNA) genes, as well as some other non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase III.
transcription initiation from Pol III promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase III promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase III.
RNA elongation from Pol III promoter
RNA polymerase III transcription elongation factor activity
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III promoter
transcription elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter
Splicing of tRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
tRNA-Y splicing
The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
transcription from mitochondrial promoter
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
mRNA maturation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
tRNA metabolism
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
tRNA editing
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
RNA breakdown
RNA catabolism
RNA degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
mRNA breakdown
mRNA catabolism
mRNA decay
mRNA degradation
A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of RNA localization
RNA localisation
The import of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
RNA import into cell nucleus
RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
RNA-nucleus import
The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
RNA export from cell nucleus
RNA export out of nucleus
RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
RNA-nucleus export
The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
mRNA export from cell nucleus
mRNA export out of nucleus
mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
mRNA-nucleus export
The directed movement of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
tRNA export from cell nucleus
tRNA export out of nucleus
tRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
tRNA-nucleus export