NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
down regulation of transcription by glucose
down-regulation of transcription by glucose
downregulation of transcription by glucose
glucose effect
glucose repression
inhibition of transcription by glucose
The process in which a magnesium ion (Mg2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial magnesium ion transport
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
glycerolipid anabolism
glycerolipid biosynthesis
glycerolipid formation
glycerolipid synthesis
The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs.
endosome maturation
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell.
cell fusion
cell-cell fusion
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity
G-protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity
P2Y
P2Y receptor
purinergic nucleotide receptor activity, G protein coupled
purinergic nucleotide receptor activity, G-protein coupled
The targeting and import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma. Import depends on ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by stromal chaperones. Chloroplast stromal proteins, such as the S subunit of rubisco, have a N-terminal stromal-import sequence of about 44 amino acids which is cleaved from the protein precursor after import.
chloroplast stroma protein import
protein transport into chloroplast stroma
The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.
mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
mitochondrial intermembrane space protein import
protein import into mitochondrial IMS
protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space, direct
protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space, nonconservative
protein transport into mitochondrial IMS
protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space
The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.
protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum
protein-endoplasmic reticulum targeting
protein-ER targeting
The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
integral ER membrane protein localization
integral ER membrane protein positioning
localization of protein in ER membrane
positioning of protein in ER membrane
protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane
protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion
protein-ER insertion
A process of exocytosis found in all eukaryotic cells, in which transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane leave the trans-Golgi network in a steady stream. Upon exocytosis, the membrane proteins and lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the plasma membrane, and the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are released into the extracellular space.
constitutive exocytosis
A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand.
regulated secretory pathway
The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.
T lymphocyte selection
T-cell selection
T-lymphocyte selection
The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
positive thymic T-cell selection
positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.
thymic T lymphocyte selection
thymic T-cell selection
thymic T-lymphocyte selection
The process of T cell selection that occurs in extrathymic locations, often resulting T cells of distinct specificities from those selected in the thymus.
extrathymic T lymphocyte selection
extrathymic T-cell selection
extrathymic T-lymphocyte selection
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell. A Th1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.
T-helper 1 cell development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.
T-helper 2 cell development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell.
cytotoxic T cell development
cytotoxic T lymphocyte selection
cytotoxic T-cell selection
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte selection
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
regulatory T cell development
regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
regulatory T-cell differentiation
regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
suppressor T cell differentiation
suppressor T lymphocyte differentiation
suppressor T-cell differentiation
suppressor T-lymphocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
activation of viral genome replication
stimulation of viral genome replication
up regulation of viral genome replication
up-regulation of viral genome replication
upregulation of viral genome replication
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
down regulation of viral genome replication
down-regulation of viral genome replication
downregulation of viral genome replication
inhibition of viral genome replication
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
innate immunity
nonspecific immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
stimulation of innate immune response
up regulation of innate immune response
up-regulation of innate immune response
upregulation of innate immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
regulation of retroviral genome replication
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
intermediate filament cytoskeleton organisation
intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
intermediate filament organisation
The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.
tonofilament assembly
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.
integrin anabolism
integrin biosynthesis
integrin formation
integrin synthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
regulation of integrin anabolism
regulation of integrin biosynthesis
regulation of integrin formation
regulation of integrin synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.
beta 2 integrin anabolism
beta 2 integrin biosynthesis
beta 2 integrin formation
beta 2 integrin synthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
regulation of beta 2 integrin anabolism
regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthesis
regulation of beta 2 integrin formation
regulation of beta 2 integrin synthesis
Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein.
RUB1-protein conjugation
The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, across a lipid bilayer, across a membrane.
azole transport
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + azole(in) = H+(in) + azole(out). Azoles are heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances.
azole:hydrogen antiporter activity
bicyclomycin/sulfathiazole:hydrogen antiporter activity
Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
GEM domain
glycolipid-enriched membrane domain
lipid raft
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
aflatoxin anabolism
aflatoxin biosynthesis
aflatoxin formation
aflatoxin synthesis
The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
immune cell cellular extravasation
leucocyte cellular extravasation
leukocyte cellular extravasation
transendothelial leukocyte migration
The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.
male tail morphogenesis
male tail tip morphogenesis
tail tip morphogenesis
The cell cycle process in which the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in progression through meiosis and precedes synapsis.
bouquet biosynthesis
bouquet formation
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
meiosis I, chromosome segregation
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle.
meiosis II, chromosome segregation
The activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
Any process that modulates the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
regulation of initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
regulation of initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source.
acetoin metabolism
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.
asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
cell fate commitment, cell-cell signaling
cell fate commitment, cell-cell signalling
cell-cell signaling during in cell fate commitment
cell-cell signaling resulting in cell fate commitment
cell-cell signalling during cell fate commitment
cell-cell signalling involved in cell fate specification
cell-cell signalling resulting in cell fate commitment
The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
apical region of cell
Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
translation factor activity
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
establishment of protein localisation
protein positioning
protein recruitment
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.
active protein retrieval
maintenance of protein localization
protein retention
protein sequestering
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
regulation of sleep
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep.
regulation of non-REM sleep
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
class switch recombination
class switching
isotype switch recombination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
regulation of class switch recombination
regulation of class switching
regulation of isotype switch recombination
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
establishment and/or maintenance of neuroblast cell polarity
The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
electrotonic synapse
mixed synapse
synaptic junction
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
APT1LG1 biosynthetic process
CD178 biosynthetic process
CD95L biosynthesis
CD95L biosynthetic process
fas ligand biosynthetic process
Fas-L biosynthetic process
FasL anabolism
FasL biosynthesis
FasL formation
FasL synthesis
FASLG biosynthetic process
A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
post-synaptic membrane
The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
sarcomere alignment
sarcomere organisation
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
cell-cell junction assembly and maintenance
cell-cell junction biogenesis
cell-cell junction organisation
intercellular junction assembly and maintenance
The maintenance of junctions between cells.
intercellular junction maintenance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
regulation of FasL anabolism
regulation of FasL biosynthesis
regulation of FasL formation
regulation of FasL synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.
CD4 anabolism
CD4 biosynthesis
CD4 formation
CD4 synthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
regulation of CD4 anabolism
regulation of CD4 biosynthesis
regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
regulation of CD4 formation
regulation of CD4 synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis
capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic process
capsule polysaccharide anabolism
capsule polysaccharide biosynthesis
capsule polysaccharide formation
capsule polysaccharide synthesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell.
external encapsulating structure organisation
external encapsulating structure organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
capsule organisation
capsule organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a slime layer. A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell.
slime layer organisation
slime layer organization and biogenesis
Binding to a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.
alpha chemokine receptor binding
alpha chemokine receptor ligand
C-X-C chemokine receptor ligand
CXC chemokine receptor ligand
Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.
TCA cycle enzyme complex
A multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of an alpha-ketoacid - pyruvate, a branched-chain alpha-ketoacid or alpha-ketoglutarate (also known as 2-oxoglutarate). The complex comprises multiple copies of three enzymes referred to as E1, E2 and E3: a dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2) forms the core of the complex, with an alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (E1) and a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) attached through non-covalent bonds. The E1 and E2 components are specific to different alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes, whereas the E3 component is the same. Additional proteins may also be present.
2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex
A protein complex facilitating the electron transfer from an acyl-CoA molecule to ubiquinone via its flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. Usually contains an alpha and a beta subunit and the structural cofactor adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Part of a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the electron transport system.
ETF complex
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
F1-F0 complex
hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex
proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex
The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F1 sector
All non-F1 subunits of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, coupling factor CF(0)
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F0 sector
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(0)