NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II.
complex II (succinate to ubiquinone)
mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to coenzyme Q
oxidative phosphorylation, succinate to ubiquinone
The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III.
complex III (ubiquinone to cytochrome c)
The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV.
complex IV (reduction of O2)
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.
ferredoxin metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the 5 main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
adenine breakdown
adenine catabolism
adenine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
guanine breakdown
guanine catabolism
guanine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
inosine breakdown
inosine catabolism
inosine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
deoxyinosine breakdown
deoxyinosine catabolism
deoxyinosine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
adenosine breakdown
adenosine catabolism
adenosine degradation
adenosine phosphorolysis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
deoxyadenosine breakdown
deoxyadenosine catabolism
deoxyadenosine degradation
deoxyadenosine phosphorolysis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
deoxyguanosine breakdown
deoxyguanosine catabolism
deoxyguanosine degradation
Any process that generates adenine, 6-aminopurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
adenine salvage pathway
adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleoside salvage
Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleoside salvage
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
3\',5\' cAMP biosynthesis
3\',5\' cAMP biosynthetic process
3\',5\'-cAMP biosynthesis
3\',5\'-cAMP biosynthetic process
adenosine 3\',5\'-cyclophosphate biosynthesis
adenosine 3\',5\'-cyclophosphate biosynthetic process
cAMP anabolism
cAMP biosynthesis
cAMP formation
cAMP synthesis
cyclic AMP biosynthesis
cyclic AMP biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
ADP anabolism
ADP biosynthesis
ADP formation
ADP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
dADP anabolism
dADP biosynthesis
dADP formation
dADP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including ADP, adenosine diphosphate.
dATP anabolism from ADP
dATP formation from ADP
dATP synthesis from ADP
Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside salvage
Any process that generates guanosine, guanine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside salvage
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
cGMP anabolism
cGMP biosynthesis
cGMP formation
cGMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
GTP anabolism
GTP biosynthesis
GTP formation
GTP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
dGDP anabolism
dGDP biosynthesis
dGDP formation
dGDP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.
dGTP anabolism from dGDP
dGTP formation from dGDP
dGTP synthesis from dGDP
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.
\'de novo\' IMP anabolism
\'de novo\' IMP biosynthesis
\'de novo\' IMP formation
\'de novo\' IMP synthesis
\'de novo\' purine biosynthesis
\'de novo\' purine biosynthetic process
Any process that generates inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleoside salvage
guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside salvage
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ITP, inosine (5'-)triphosphate.
ITP breakdown
ITP catabolism
ITP degradation
ITP hydrolysis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
AMP breakdown
AMP catabolism
AMP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
3\',5\' cAMP catabolic process
3\',5\' cAMP catabolism
3\',5\'-cAMP catabolic process
3\',5\'-cAMP catabolism
adenosine 3\',5\'-cyclophosphate catabolic process
adenosine 3\',5\'-cyclophosphate catabolism
cAMP breakdown
cAMP catabolism
cAMP degradation
cyclic AMP catabolic process
cyclic AMP catabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including inosine monophosphate.
GMP breakdown to IMP
GMP degradation to IMP
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.
GMP breakdown to guanine
GMP degradation to guanine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
dGTP breakdown
dGTP catabolism
dGTP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate.
IMP breakdown
IMP catabolism
IMP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors.
\'de novo\' pyrimidine base anabolism
\'de novo\' pyrimidine base biosynthesis
\'de novo\' pyrimidine base biosynthetic process
\'de novo\' pyrimidine base formation
\'de novo\' pyrimidine base synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
cytosine breakdown
cytosine catabolism
cytosine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
thymine breakdown
thymine catabolism
thymine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
uracil breakdown
uracil catabolism
uracil degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
deoxyribosylthymine catabolic process
deoxyribosylthymine catabolism
thymidine breakdown
thymidine catabolism
thymidine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
deoxycytidine breakdown
deoxycytidine catabolism
deoxycytidine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
uridine breakdown
uridine catabolism
uridine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
deoxyuridine breakdown
deoxyuridine catabolism
deoxyuridine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
UDP anabolism
UDP biosynthesis
UDP formation
UDP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).
dUMP anabolism
dUMP biosynthesis
dUMP formation
dUMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate).
dUDP anabolism
dUDP biosynthesis
dUDP formation
dUDP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
UTP anabolism
UTP biosynthesis
UTP formation
UTP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
dUTP anabolism
dUTP biosynthesis
dUTP formation
dUTP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
TMP anabolism
TMP biosynthesis
TMP formation
TMP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
TDP anabolism
TDP biosynthesis
TDP formation
TDP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate).
dTDP anabolism
dTDP biosynthesis
dTDP formation
dTDP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
TTP anabolism
TTP biosynthesis
TTP formation
TTP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
dTTP anabolism
dTTP biosynthesis
dTTP formation
dTTP synthesis
Any process that generates CMP, cytidine monophosphate, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
cytidine monophosphate salvage
Any process that generates dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
deoxycytidine monophosphate salvage
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
dCTP anabolism
dCTP biosynthesis
dCTP formation
dCTP synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
TDP breakdown
TDP catabolism
TDP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
dTDP breakdown
dTDP catabolism
dTDP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
CMP breakdown
CMP catabolism
CMP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
dCMP breakdown
dCMP catabolism
dCMP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
dCDP breakdown
dCDP catabolism
dCDP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
dCTP breakdown
dCTP catabolism
dCTP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
CTP breakdown
CTP catabolism
CTP degradation
CTP hydrolysis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
UDP breakdown
UDP catabolism
UDP degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.
dUDP breakdown
dUDP catabolism
dUDP degradation
The process in which a transformation is induced in the topological structure of a double-stranded DNA helix, resulting in a change in linking number.
DNA underwinding
The synthesis of a short nucleotide polymer using one strand of unwound DNA as a template. The product is usually a RNA molecule between 4-15 nucleotides long that provides a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases. In certain conditions, for example in response to DNA damage, some primases synthesize a DNA primer.
DNA priming
DNA replication, synthesis of DNA primer
DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer
replication priming
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex formation
The repair of alkylation damage in DNA, e.g. the removal of a non-physiological alkyl group from a nucleobase. This is usually mediated by DNA alkyltransferases.
DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair
The formation of nucleosomes on newly synthesized DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
DNA replication-dependent chromatin organization
DNA replication-dependent nucleosome assembly
DNA replication-dependent nucleosome organisation
DNA replication-dependent nucleosome organization
A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary RNA polymerase II transcript. RNA polymerase III has an intrinsic ability to terminate transcription upon incorporation of at least 4 contiguous U residues.
RNA polymerase III transcription termination
RNA polymerase III transcription termination factor activity
transcription termination from Pol III promoter
transcription termination from RNA polymerase III promoter
A transcription initiation process that takes place at a promoter on the mitochondrial chromosome.
transcription initiation from mitochondrial promoter
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at mitochondrial promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a mitchondrial RNA polymerase.
RNA elongation from mitochondrial promoter
transcription elongation from mitochondrial promoter
A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary mitochondrial transcript.
mitochondrial transcription termination
RNA transcription termination from mitochondrial promoter
Any mRNA 3'-end processing that involves the binding to and cleavage of a stem-loop structure. For example, histone mRNAs contain a highly conserved stem-loop sequence at the 3' end of the mRNA with a 6 base pairs (bp) stem and a 4-nt loop. The mRNA is cleaved between these two elements, after the fourth or fifth nucleotide, which is typically an adenosine.
histone mRNA 3\' end processing
The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
snRNA export from cell nucleus
snRNA export out of nucleus
snRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
snRNA-nucleus export
The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine.
peptidyl-tyrosine sulphation
The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.
C-terminal protein amino acid methylation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.
dolichyl diphosphate anabolism
dolichyl diphosphate biosynthesis
dolichyl diphosphate formation
dolichyl diphosphate synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol group is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.
glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis
glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
GPI anchor anabolism
GPI anchor biosynthesis
GPI anchor formation
GPI anchor synthesis
GPI/GSI anchor biosynthesis
GPI/GSI anchor biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
aspartate anabolism
aspartate biosynthesis
aspartate formation
aspartate synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
aspartate breakdown
aspartate catabolism
aspartate degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine.
cysteine anabolism from serine
cysteine formation from serine
cysteine synthesis from serine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes.
4-aminobutyrate shunt
degradation of glutamate to succinate through GABA
GABA shunt
gamma aminobutyrate shunt
glutamate decarboxylation to succinate
glutamate degradation via 4-aminobutyrate
glutamate degradation via GABA
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
glutamine breakdown
glutamine catabolism
glutamine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
isoleucine breakdown
isoleucine catabolism
isoleucine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
L-leucine breakdown
L-leucine catabolism
L-leucine degradation
leucine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
S-adenosyl methionine biosynthesis
S-adenosyl methionine biosynthetic process
S-adenosylmethionine anabolism
S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis
S-adenosylmethionine formation
S-adenosylmethionine synthesis
SAM biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
L-serine anabolism
L-serine biosynthesis
L-serine formation
L-serine synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
L-serine breakdown
L-serine catabolism
L-serine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine.
melanin anabolism from tyrosine
melanin formation from tyrosine
melanin synthesis from tyrosine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.
dopamine anabolism from tyrosine
dopamine formation from tyrosine
dopamine synthesis from tyrosine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
serotonin anabolism from tryptophan
serotonin formation from tryptophan
serotonin synthesis from tryptophan
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
octopamine anabolism
octopamine biosynthesis
octopamine formation
octopamine synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
ornithine anabolism
ornithine biosynthesis
ornithine formation
ornithine synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.
spermine anabolism
spermine biosynthesis
spermine formation
spermine synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N--N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle.
creatine anabolism
creatine biosynthesis
creatine formation
creatine synthesis
The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear envelope.
NLS-bearing substrate import into cell nucleus
NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleus
NLS-bearing substrate transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
NLS-bearing substrate-nucleus import
The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. At least some ribosomal proteins, including rpl12, uses the importin 11 pathway as a major route into the nucleus.
ribosomal protein import into cell nucleus
ribosomal protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
ribosomal protein-nucleus import
The process in which an SRP-bound ribosome forms a complex with the SRP receptor in the ER membrane, allowing the ribosome to bind to the membrane, during cotranslational membrane targeting.
protein docking during SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting, docking
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, docking