NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine in small subunit ribosomal RNA.
rRNA (cytosine-C5-967)-methyltransferase activity
rRNA m5C967 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine = ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.
acetylamidodeoxymannokinase activity
acetylmannosamine kinase activity
acylaminodeoxymannokinase activity
acylmannosamine kinase (phosphorylating)
acylmannosamine kinase activity
ATP:N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphotransferase activity
N-acetylmannosamine kinase activity
N-acyl-D-mannosamine kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + H+ = dimethyl sulfide + H2O.
dimethyl sulphoxide reductase activity
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of dimethyl sulfide from dimethyl sulfoxide.
dimethyl sulphoxide reductase complex
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, the oxidized form of flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)), which acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
FMN anabolism
FMN biosynthesis
FMN formation
FMN synthesis
The long, slender, mid section of a pilus.
fimbrial shaft
The pointed extremity furthest from the cell of a pilus.
fimbrial tip
The proteinaceous structure at the distal tip of the bacterial-type flagellar filament.
flagellar filament cap
flagellin-based flagellum filament cap
The region of the bacterial-type flagellum where the hook and filament meet.
flagellar hook-filament junction
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds.
chorismate anabolism
chorismate biosynthesis
chorismate formation
chorismate synthesis
shikimate anabolism
shikimate biosynthesis
shikimate biosynthetic process
shikimate pathway
shikimate synthesis
The portion of the bacterial-type flagellum that connects the filament to the basal body.
flagellar hook
flagellin-based flagellum hook
One of the rings of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the outer membrane.
flagellar basal body, distal rod, L ring
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, distal rod, L ring
One of the rings of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the peptidoglycan layer.
flagellar basal body, distal rod, P ring
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, distal rod, P ring
The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is proximal to the cell membrane; the proximal rod connects the distal rod to the flagellar motor.
flagellar basal body, proximal rod
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, proximal rod
One of the rings of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; a double-flanged ring that anchors the basal body to the cytoplasmic membrane.
flagellar basal body, mounting plate
flagellar basal body, MS ring
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, MS ring
Cytoplasmic ring located at the base of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; acts as a rotor; includes three switch proteins, which generate torque and can change their conformational state in a bimodal fashion, so that the motor direction can switch between clockwise and counterclockwise.
flagellar basal body, C ring
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, C ring
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.
glyoxylate breakdown
glyoxylate catabolism
glyoxylate degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
cyanate breakdown
cyanate catabolism
cyanate degradation
The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP.
allantoin catabolic process via ureidoglycolate
allantoin catabolism via ureidoglycolate
allantoin degradation pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
putrescine breakdown
putrescine catabolism
putrescine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
4-aminobutanoate biosynthesis
4-aminobutanoate biosynthetic process
4-aminobutyrate biosynthesis
4-aminobutyrate biosynthetic process
GABA biosynthesis
GABA biosynthetic process
gamma-aminobutyric acid anabolism
gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthesis
gamma-aminobutyric acid formation
gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential.
redoxtaxis
taxis in response to redox potential
taxis in response to redox stimulus
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ubiquinol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2 ubiquinone + 2 H2O + 4 H+ .
cytochrome bo oxidase
cytochrome bo(3) oxidase
cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 2 oxidized plastocyanin + plastoquinol-1 = 2 H+ + 2 reduced plastocyanin + plastoquinone. This reaction involves the concomitant transfer of 2 H+ ions across a membrane.
cytochrome b6f
cytochrome b6f complex activity
plastoquinol-plastocyanin reductase activity
plastoquinol/plastocyanin oxidoreductase activity
plastoquinol:oxidized-plastocyanin oxidoreductase activity
Endoplasmic reticulum found in plasmodesmata, junctions connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.
plasmodesmatal ER
Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome f, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
cyt b(6)f complex
cyt b6-f complex
cyt b6/f complex
cyt b6f complex
cytochrome b(6)f complex
cytochrome b6-f complex
cytochrome b6/f complex
Appressed thylakoid membranes that are part of a granum (stacked regions). A characteristic of these appressed regions is the preferential localization of photosystem II.
chloroplast stacked thylakoid
A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.
photosystem I reaction centre
An integral membrane complex containing P680, the chlorophyll a molecule that functions as a primary electron donor. In the light, functioning as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from water to plastoquinone.
photosystem II reaction centre
The space between the plasma membrane and the desmotubule of a plasmodesma.
plasmodesmatal cytoplasmic annulus
A plasmodesma that consists of a simple, single channel; found predominantly in young tissue and formed as a function of cell plate formation during cytokinesis.
simple plasmodesma
The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus.
megaspore development
megaspore mother cell meiosis
meiosis of the megasporocyte
meiotic division of the megasporocyte
The process in which the microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid microspores.
microspore development  systematic_synonym
The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
cellularization of the embryo sac
female gametophyte cellularization
megagametophyte cellularization
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in amyloplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
amyloplast starch granule
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in chloroplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
chloroplast starch granule
A complex, located in the chloroplast, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
chloroplast RubisCO complex
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.
phytochrome signaling pathway
red-sensitive opsin
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.
blue-sensitive opsin
short-wave-sensitive opsin
violet-sensitive opsin
The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of virus
The series of events in which a stimulus from a nematode is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of nematode
The series of events in which a stimulus from an insect is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of insect
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of symbiotic fungi
perception of symbiotic fungi
perception of symbiotic fungus
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of symbiotic bacteria
perception of symbiotic bacteria
perception of symbiotic bacterium
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.
response to nematodes
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.
response to insects
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants.
herbicide susceptibility/resistance
A response to light intensity in which exposure to medium-intensity light results in increased tolerance to high-intensity light.
light acclimatization
photoacclimation
The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation in response to growth in darkness.
etiolation
Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV.
ultraviolet protection
ultraviolet resistance
ultraviolet tolerance
UV resistance
UV tolerance
A complex, composed of a cluster of manganese, calcium and chloride ions bound to extrinsic proteins, that catalyzes the splitting of water to O2 and 4 H+. In cyanobacteria there are five extrinsic proteins in OEC (PsbO, PsbP-like, PsbQ-like, PsbU and PsbV), while in plants there are only three (PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ).
OEC (PSII) complex
oxygen evolving complex
The pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria that directly transfers electrons to the reaction center.
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIa subcomplex
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIc subcomplex
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIId subcomplex
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.
amyloplast organisation
amyloplast organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chromoplast. A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.
chromoplast organisation
chromoplast organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.
etioplast organisation
etioplast organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
plasmodesma organisation
plasmodesma organization and biogenesis
plasmodesmata organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer membrane of a plastid.
plastid outer membrane organisation
plastid outer membrane organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the inner membrane of a plastid.
plastid inner membrane organisation
plastid inner membrane organization and biogenesis
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).
nitrate(chlorate):hydrogen symporter activity
nitrate(chlorate):proton symporter activity
nitrate:hydrogen symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: auxin(out) + H+(out) = auxin(in) + H+(in).
auxin:hydrogen symporter activity
Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
low affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity sulfate:hydrogen symporter activity
high affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
high affinity sulphate:hydrogen symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
low affinity sulfate:hydrogen symporter activity
low affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
low affinity sulphate:hydrogen symporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + H+(in) + H2O = 2 H+(out) + 2 phosphate.
H+-exporting diphosphatase
hydrogen-translocating pyrophosphatase activity
PP(i) hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity
proton-pumping diphosphatase
proton-pumping pyrophosphatase
proton-translocating pyrophosphatase activity
pyrophosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity
The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, low-molecular mass, lipophilic antimicrobial compounds that accumulate rapidly at sites of incompatible pathogen infection.
induction of phytoalexin anabolism
induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis
induction of phytoalexin formation
induction of phytoalexin synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
isoflavonoid phytoalexin anabolism
isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis
isoflavonoid phytoalexin formation
isoflavonoid phytoalexin synthesis
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + ATP = beta-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:L-arabinose 1-phosphotransferase activity
L-arabinokinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD+ + H2O = nitrate + NADH + H+.
assimilatory NADH: nitrate reductase activity
assimilatory NADH:nitrate reductase activity
assimilatory nitrate reductase activity
NADH-dependent nitrate reductase activity
NADH-nitrate reductase activity
NADH:nitrate oxidoreductase activity
NADH:nitrate reductase activity
nitrate reductase (NADH(2)) activity
nitrate reductase (NADH2)
nitrite:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.
purine alkaloid anabolism
purine alkaloid biosynthesis
purine alkaloid formation
purine alkaloid synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
chalcone anabolism
chalcone biosynthesis
chalcone formation
chalcone synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
flavonoid phytoalexin anabolism
flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis
flavonoid phytoalexin formation
flavonoid phytoalexin synthesis
The series of events in which an auxin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of auxin stimulus
The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of cytokinin stimulus
The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of abscisic acid stimulus
The series of events in which an ethylene (ethene) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of ethene stimulus
perception of ethene stimulus
perception of ethylene stimulus
The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of gibberellic acid stimulus
The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of brassinosteroid stimulus
The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of sucrose stimulus
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of sucrose.
sucrose mediated signalling
The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and dependent on the detection of hexokinase.
hexokinase-dependent signalling
The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and independent of hexokinase.
hexokinase-independent signalling
The series of events in which a salicylic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of salicylic acid stimulus
The series of events in which a jasmonic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Series of events required for a jasmonic acid stimulus to be detected and converted to a signal molecule.
perception of jasmonic acid stimulus
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.
indole glucosinolate anabolism
indole glucosinolate biosynthesis
indole glucosinolate formation
indole glucosinolate synthesis
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm.
blue light signalling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
down regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
down-regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
downregulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
inhibition of abscisic acid mediated signaling
negative regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of abscisic acid mediated signalling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
activation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
positive regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of abscisic acid mediated signalling
stimulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
up regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
up-regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
upregulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
cinnamic acid anabolism
cinnamic acid biosynthesis
cinnamic acid formation
cinnamic acid synthesis
cinnamylic acid biosynthesis
cinnamylic acid biosynthetic process
phenylacrylic acid biosynthesis
phenylacrylic acid biosynthetic process
phenylpropenoic acid biosynthesis
phenylpropenoic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.
stilbene anabolism
stilbene biosynthesis
stilbene formation
stilbene synthesis
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + L-ascorbate + O2 = CO2 + dehydroascorbate + ethylene + 2 H2O + hydrogen cyanide. Ethene is also known as ethylene.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxygenase (ethylene-forming)
ACC oxidase activity
aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase activity
ethene-forming enzyme
ethylene-forming enzyme
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition.
drought tolerance
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + dimethylallyl diphosphate = N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.
2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:AMP 2-isopentenyltransferase activity
2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:AMP delta2-isopentenyltransferase activity
adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (AMP-dependent) activity
adenylate dimethylallyltransferase activity
adenylate isopentenyltransferase activity
cytokinin synthase activity
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:AMP dimethylallyltransferase activity
isopentenyltransferase activity
The series of events resulting in chemical or structural alterations of existing cell walls that contribute to fruit ripening.
cell wall modification during ripening