NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
nucleotide-sugar breakdown
nucleotide-sugar catabolism
nucleotide-sugar degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
thiamin anabolism
thiamin biosynthetic process
thiamine biosynthesis
thiamine formation
thiamine synthesis
vitamin B1 biosynthesis
vitamin B1 biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
thiamin pyrophosphate biosynthesis
thiamin pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
thiamine diphosphate anabolism
thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis
thiamine diphosphate formation
thiamine diphosphate synthesis
thiamine pyrophosphate biosynthesis
thiamine pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
TPP biosynthesis
TPP biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
menaquinone metabolism
menatetrenone metabolic process
menatetrenone metabolism
multiprenylmenaquinone metabolic process
multiprenylmenaquinone metabolism
vitamin K2 metabolic process
vitamin K2 metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
cobalamin metabolism
vitamin B12 metabolic process
vitamin B12 metabolism
vitamin B12 reduction
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
cobalamin anabolism
cobalamin biosynthesis
cobalamin formation
cobalamin synthesis
vitamin B12 biosynthesis
vitamin B12 biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
siderochrome metabolic process
siderochrome metabolism
siderophore metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
enterobactin metabolism
enterochelin metabolic process
enterochelin metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.
IPP biosynthesis
IPP biosynthetic process
isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis
isopentenyl diphosphate formation
isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis
isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis
isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).
glycolipid anabolism
glycolipid biosynthesis
glycolipid formation
glycolipid synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
glucan anabolism
glucan biosynthesis
glucan formation
glucan synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
glucan breakdown
glucan catabolism
glucan degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
murein biosynthesis
murein biosynthetic process
peptidoglycan anabolism
peptidoglycan biosynthesis
peptidoglycan formation
peptidoglycan synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
10-formyl-THF metabolic process
10-formyl-THF metabolism
10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
ribonucleotide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
ribonucleotide anabolism
ribonucleotide biosynthesis
ribonucleotide formation
ribonucleotide synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
ribonucleotide breakdown
ribonucleotide catabolism
ribonucleotide degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
deoxyribonucleotide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
deoxyribonucleotide formation
deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
deoxyribonucleotide breakdown
deoxyribonucleotide catabolism
deoxyribonucleotide degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
2\'-deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
2\'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
2\'-deoxyribonucleotide formation
2\'-deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.
response to thermal stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
desiccation tolerance
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.
chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall biogenesis
fungal-type cell wall anabolism
fungal-type cell wall biosynthetic process
fungal-type cell wall formation
fungal-type cell wall synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.
cell envelope biosynthesis
cell envelope biosynthetic process
cell wall anabolism
cell wall assembly
cell wall biosynthetic process
cell wall formation
cell wall synthesis
A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids. An example of this component is found in Escherichia coli.
envelope
murein sacculus
peptidoglycan
A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (20-80nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. Examples of this component are found in Gram-positive bacteria.
20-80nm peptidoglycan-based cell wall
cell wall of Gram-positive Bacteria
A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.
beta-glucan-containing cell wall
chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall
chitin-containing cell wall
A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.
outer membrane of cell
A motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.
flagellin-based flagellum
A proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
fimbria
fimbriae
fimbrium
pili
The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells. Some or all of the chromosome(s) of the donor cell is transferred into the recipient cell.
bacterial conjugation
The introduction of genetic information into a cell to create a genetically different individual, without production of new individuals.
genetic exchange
genetic transfer
lateral gene transfer
The direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell from its surroundings through the cell envelope.
DNA mediated transformation
The assembly from its constituent parts of a pilus, a short filamentous structure of bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies. Pili are variously involved in transfer of nucleic acids, adherence to surfaces, and formation of pellicles. Is required for bacterial conjugation, or can play a role in adherence to surfaces (when it is called a fimbrium), and in the formation of pellicles.
fimbria assembly
fimbria biogenesis
fimbriae assembly
fimbriae biogenesis
fimbrial assembly
fimbrium assembly
fimbrium biogenesis
pilus biogenesis
pilus formation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
GDP-mannose anabolism
GDP-mannose biosynthesis
GDP-mannose formation
GDP-mannose synthesis
The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
cellular mRNA transcription
mRNA biosynthesis
mRNA biosynthetic process
mRNA synthesis
The synthesis of snoRNA class RNA (also referred to as sRNA in Archaea) from a DNA template.
snoRNA transcription
sRNA transcription
The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.
rRNA biosynthesis
rRNA biosynthetic process
rRNA synthesis
The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template.
tRNA biosynthesis
tRNA biosynthetic process
tRNA synthesis
The controlled release of proteins from a cell.
glycoprotein secretion
protein secretion during cell fate commitment
protein secretion resulting in cell fate commitment
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
amine metabolism
cellular amine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
amine anabolism
amine biosynthesis
amine formation
amine synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
amine breakdown
amine catabolism
amine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
multicellular organismal oligosaccharide metabolic process
oligosaccharide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
oligosaccharide anabolism
oligosaccharide biosynthesis
oligosaccharide formation
oligosaccharide synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
multicellular organismal oligosaccharide catabolic process
oligosaccharide breakdown
oligosaccharide catabolism
oligosaccharide degradation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus
response to radiation stimulus
A protein complex that catalyzes the first step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. For example, in E. coli the complex is heterohexameric and composed of biotin carbonyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and the acetate CoA-transferase complex.
ACCase complex
The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex that contains 10 different types of subunits. These subunits are organized into 3 functionally essential sub-assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor and the clamp-loading complex. The pol III core carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. The polymerase is tethered to the template via the sliding clamp processivity factor. The clamp-loading complex assembles the beta processivity factor onto the primer template and plays a central role in the organization and communication at the replication fork.
DNA polymerase III holoenzyme complex
The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms.
cell-cell signaling involved in quorum sensing
detection of cell density by secreted molecule
quorum sensing system
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
2\'-deoxyribonucleotide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
phospholipid breakdown
phospholipid catabolism
phospholipid degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives.
folate and derivative biosynthesis
folate and derivative biosynthetic process
folate-containing compound biosynthesis
folate-containing compound biosynthetic process
folic acid and derivative biosynthesis
folic acid and derivative biosynthetic process
folic acid-containing compound anabolism
folic acid-containing compound biosynthesis
folic acid-containing compound formation
folic acid-containing compound synthesis
vitamin B9 and derivative biosynthesis
vitamin B9 and derivative biosynthetic process
vitamin M and derivative biosynthesis
vitamin M and derivative biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid and its derivatives.
folate and derivative catabolic process
folate and derivative catabolism
folate-containing compound catabolic process
folate-containing compound catabolism
folic acid and derivative catabolic process
folic acid and derivative catabolism
folic acid-containing compound breakdown
folic acid-containing compound catabolism
folic acid-containing compound degradation
vitamin B9 and derivative catabolic process
vitamin B9 and derivative catabolism
vitamin M and derivative catabolic process
vitamin M and derivative catabolism
The uptake and phosphorylation of specific carbohydrates from the extracellular environment; uptake and phosphorylation are coupled, making the PTS a link between the uptake and metabolism of sugars; phosphoenolpyruvate is the original phosphate donor; phosphoenolpyruvate passes the phosphate via a signal transduction pathway, to enzyme 1 (E1), which in turn passes it on to the histidine protein, HPr; the next step in the system involves sugar-specific membrane-bound complex, enzyme 2 (EII), which transports the sugar into the cell; it includes the sugar permease, which catalyzes the transport reactions; EII is usually divided into three different domains, EIIA, EIIB, and EIIC.
PTS system
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
toxin anabolism
toxin biosynthesis
toxin formation
toxin synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
toxin metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
toxin breakdown
toxin catabolism
toxin degradation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
response to heat shock
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
freezing tolerance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
drug resistance
drug susceptibility/resistance
response to drug
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
response to ultraviolet light stimulus
response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus
response to UV light stimulus
response to UV radiation stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.
drought tolerance
response to dehydration
response to drought
response to thirst
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.
response to water stimulus
The long (approximately 20 nm), thin external structure of the bacterial-type flagellum, which acts as a propeller.
flagellar filament
flagellin-based flagellum filament
One of the three major substructures of the bacterial-type flagellum, the basal body is embedded in the cell envelope (the plasma membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, and, if one is present, the outer membrane); it houses the secretion apparatus that exports the more distal components and the flagellar motor.
flagellar basal body
flagellin-based flagellum basal body
The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes.
flagellar basal body, distal rod
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, distal rod
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
NAD (oxidized) biosynthesis
NAD (oxidized) biosynthetic process
NAD (reduced) biosynthesis
NAD (reduced) biosynthetic process
NAD anabolism
NAD biosynthesis
NAD formation
NAD synthesis
NADH biosynthesis
NADH biosynthetic process
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
oxidized NAD biosynthesis
oxidized NAD biosynthetic process
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
reduced NAD biosynthesis
reduced NAD biosynthetic process
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
carnitine metabolism
vitamin Bt metabolic process
vitamin Bt metabolism