NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA. Examples of this component are found in Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana.
signal sequence receptor complex
SRP
A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
daughter centriole
mother centriole
A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor.
CCT particle
TriC
An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.
haemoglobin complex
Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to an effector protein.
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit
A multienzyme complex that catalyses the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA.
cytosolic FAS complex
cytosolic fatty acid synthase complex
cytosolic type I FAS complex
cytosolic type I fatty acid synthase complex
FAS complex
fatty acid synthetase complex
holo- synthase complex
A protein complex that possesses fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity.
fatty acyl CoA synthase complex
A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.
CBC
mRNA cap binding complex
NCBP-NIP1 complex
nuclear CBC
snRNA cap binding complex
A multisubunit complex that binds to the canonical AAUAAA hexamer and to U-rich upstream sequence elements on the pre-mRNA, thereby stimulating the otherwise weakly active and nonspecific polymerase to elongate efficiently RNAs containing a poly(A) signal.
CFII complex
cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
CPF complex
CPSF complex
A protein complex required for mRNA cleavage but not for poly(A) addition.
cleavage stimulation factor activity
CstF complex
Complex of three heterogeneous polypeptide chains, that form a ternary complex with initiator methionyl-tRNA and GTP. This ternary complex binds to free 40S subunit, which subsequently binds the 5' end of mRNA.
eIF-2
eIF2
A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon.
eIF-2B
eif2B
A heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes, and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.
NAC
NACA
Any dynein complex with a homodimeric dynein heavy chain core that catalyzes movement along a microtubule. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes participate in many cytoplasmic transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Some complexes participate in intraflagellar transport. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes, and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.
cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain
cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain
cytoplasmic dynein intermediate light chain
cytoplasmic dynein light chain
A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter.
type IV intermediate filament
A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present.
hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
proton pump
Sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPases are tetrameric proteins, consisting of two large alpha subunits and two smaller beta subunits. The alpha subunits bear the active site and penetrate the membrane, while the beta subunits carry oligosaccharide groups and face the cell exterior.
sodium pump
sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
A homo- or hetero-pentameric protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass in response to acetylcholine binding.
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
nicotinic acetylcholine-gated receptor-channel complex
A protein complex that binds interleukin-2; comprises alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.
IL-2 receptor complex
A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-3 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5.
IL-3 receptor complex
A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-5 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3.
IL-5 receptor complex
A hexameric protein complex consisting of two molecules each of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain, and gp-130.
IL-6 receptor complex
A protein complex that binds interleukin-9; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-9 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for several other interleukins.
IL-9 receptor complex
A protein complex that binds interleukin-13; consists of two chains, interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 chain and interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain.
IL-13 receptor complex
A small cell-cell adherens junction assembled during the cellularization stage of insect embyrogenesis; spot adherens junctions later fuse to form the zonula adherens.
dense plaque
punctum adherens
A specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney, which is adapted for filtration of hemolymph. The insect nephrocyte is anatomically and functionally similar to the glomerular podocyte of vertebrates.
nephrocyte junction
A septate junction in which regular arrays of electron-dense septae span the intermembrane space.
pleated desmosome
A septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.
zonula continua
An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction.
connexon
connexon complex
A cell-substrate junction that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. In insects focal adhesion has also been referred to as hemi-adherens junction (HAJ).
adhesion plaque
connecting hemi-adherens junction
focal contact
HAJ
hemi-adherens junction
A cell-substrate junction found at the terminal anchorage site of skeletal muscle cells to tendons.
myotendinous junction
A protein complex found in the axoneme of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. It forms interconnections between the microtubule outer doublets that surround the inner central pair of microtubules.
axonemal interdoublet link
nexin complex
A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated SH2 domain-containing regulatory subunit that is a member of a family of related proteins often called p85 proteins. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IA complex
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IA complex
class IA PI3K complex
phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class IA
A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated regulatory subunit that is larger than, and unrelated to, the p85 proteins present in class IA complexes. Class IB PI3Ks are stimulated by G-proteins and do not interact with the SH2-domain containing adaptors that bind to Class IA PI3Ks.
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IB complex
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IB complex
class IB PI3K complex
phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class IB
A protein complex that possesses alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) and trehalose-phosphatase activities, and thus catalyzes two reactions in trehalose biosynthesis. In the complex identified in Saccharomyces, Tps1p has alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity, Tps2p has trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity; Tps3p is a regulatory subunit, and an additional subunit, Tsl1p, may be present.
trehalose-6-phosphate synthase complex
trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase
UDP-glucose-glucosephosphate glucosyltransferase complex
A dimeric (a large and a small chain) or tetrameric (two large and two small chains) enzyme complex. Catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from pyruvate.
acetohydroxyacid synthase complex
A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate; comprises a small subunit that binds and cleaves glutamine, and a large subunit that accepts the ammonia group cleaved from glutamine, binds all of the remaining substrates and effectors, and carries out all of the other catalytic events.
arginine-specific carbamoyl phosphate synthetase complex
carbamoyl phosphate synthase complex
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase arginine-specific complex
An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.
3\',5\' cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
3\',5\'-cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
adenosine 3\',5\'-cyclophosphate-dependent protein kinase complex
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase complex
PKA
An enzyme complex which in eukaryotes is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The different isoforms assemble into homo- or heteromultimeric holoenzymes composed of 8 to 12 subunits. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins to O-phosphoproteins.
calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex
CAMK2
CaMKII
A heterodimeric calcium ion and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits; the regulatory subunit is very similar in sequence to calmodulin.
calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
protein phosphatase type 2B complex
A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and contains two catalytic alpha subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are found in nearly every subcellular compartment, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.
casein kinase II complex
A protein complex that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine. In E. coli, it has four components: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), lipoyl-GcvH-protein and aminomethyltransferase, also known as L, P, H, and T.
glycine cleavage system
glycine decarboxylase complex
glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) complex
glycine dehydrogenase complex (decarboxylating)
glycine synthase complex
An protein-containing complex which catalyzes of the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl group from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to a Rab protein. In mammals it is composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, and associates with an accessory protein Rep (Rab escort protein).
GGTase-II complex
Rab geranylgeranyltransferase complex
RabGGTase complex
A protein homodimeric complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 1 complex
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 2B complex
An enzyme complex composed of 2-4 or more subunits, which usually contains nonheme iron and requires ATP for catalysis. Catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.
ribonucleotide reductase complex
RNR complex
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
sucrose anabolism
sucrose biosynthesis
sucrose formation
sucrose synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
melibiose breakdown
melibiose catabolism
melibiose degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
xylulose breakdown
xylulose catabolism
xylulose degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
xylulose anabolism
xylulose biosynthesis
xylulose formation
xylulose synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase.
fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose).
L-fucose anabolism
L-fucose biosynthesis
L-fucose formation
L-fucose synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.
5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate anabolism
5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis
5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate formation
5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate synthesis
5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate biosynthesis
5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
PRPP biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate anabolism
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthesis
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate formation
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.
deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate anabolism
deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate formation
deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate breakdown
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate catabolism
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate degradation
deoxyribose 1-phosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
galactosaminoglycan anabolism
galactosaminoglycan biosynthesis
galactosaminoglycan formation
galactosaminoglycan synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
galactosaminoglycan breakdown
galactosaminoglycan catabolism
galactosaminoglycan degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process
beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine catabolism
chitin breakdown
chitin catabolism
chitin degradation
A process in which chitin is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
chitin localisation
establishment and maintenance of chitin localization
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
chitosamine biosynthesis
chitosamine biosynthetic process
glucosamine anabolism
glucosamine biosynthesis
glucosamine formation
glucosamine synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
chitosamine catabolic process
chitosamine catabolism
glucosamine breakdown
glucosamine catabolism
glucosamine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
N-acetylglucosamine anabolism
N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis
N-acetylglucosamine formation
N-acetylglucosamine synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
N-acetylglucosamine breakdown
N-acetylglucosamine catabolism
N-acetylglucosamine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine breakdown
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine catabolism
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
N-acetylmannosamine anabolism
N-acetylmannosamine biosynthesis
N-acetylmannosamine formation
N-acetylmannosamine synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
N-acetylmannosamine breakdown
N-acetylmannosamine catabolism
N-acetylmannosamine degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate anabolism
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate formation
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.
mannoprotein breakdown
mannoprotein catabolism
mannoprotein degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
sorbitol anabolism
sorbitol biosynthesis
sorbitol formation
sorbitol synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
sorbitol breakdown
sorbitol catabolism
sorbitol degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-glucuronate anabolism
UDP-glucuronate biosynthesis
UDP-glucuronate formation
UDP-glucuronate synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
1,3-beta-D-glucan catabolic process
1,3-beta-glucan breakdown
1,3-beta-glucan catabolism
1,3-beta-glucan degradation
beta-1,3 glucan breakdown
beta-1,3 glucan catabolic process
beta-1,3 glucan catabolism
beta-1,3 glucan degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.
1,6-beta-D-glucan breakdown
1,6-beta-D-glucan catabolic process
1,6-beta-D-glucan catabolism
1,6-beta-D-glucan degradation
beta-1,6 glucan breakdown
beta-1,6 glucan catabolic process
beta-1,6 glucan catabolism
beta-1,6 glucan degradation
A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.
citric acid cycle
Krebs cycle
oxidative TCA cycle
TCA cycle
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle.
isocitrate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
malate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
ethanol anabolism
ethanol biosynthesis
ethanol formation
ethanol synthesis