NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
water-soluble vitamin metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
biotin metabolism
vitamin B7 metabolic process
vitamin B7 metabolism
vitamin H metabolic process
vitamin H metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms.
niacin metabolic process
niacin metabolism
nicotinamide metabolism
vitamin B3 metabolic process
vitamin B3 metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
riboflavin metabolism
vitamin B2 metabolic process
vitamin B2 metabolism
vitamin G metabolic process
vitamin G metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
thiamin metabolic process
thiamin metabolism
thiamine metabolism
vitamin B1 metabolic process
vitamin B1 metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
fat-soluble vitamin metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.
vitamin A metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor anabolism
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthesis
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor formation
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor synthesis
Moco biosynthesis
Moco biosynthetic process
molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
porphyrin metabolic process
porphyrin metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
porphyrin anabolism
porphyrin biosynthesis
porphyrin biosynthetic process
porphyrin formation
porphyrin synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III.
uroporphyrinogen III anabolism
uroporphyrinogen III biosynthesis
uroporphyrinogen III formation
uroporphyrinogen III synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX.
protoporphyrinogen IX anabolism
protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthesis
protoporphyrinogen IX formation
protoporphyrinogen IX synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.
haem biosynthesis
haem biosynthetic process
heme anabolism
heme biosynthesis
heme formation
heme synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
porphyrin breakdown
porphyrin catabolic process
porphyrin catabolism
porphyrin degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
sulfur metabolism
sulphur metabolic process
sulphur metabolism
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary sulfur sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary sulfur source and to transport and metabolize alternate sulfur sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects sulfur levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize sulfur-containing compounds, and ends when the sulfur is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
sulphur utilization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
regulation of sulphur utilization
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus.
phosphorus metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.
phosphate metabolic process
phosphate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
polyphosphate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.
oxygen free radical metabolic process
oxygen free radical metabolism
superoxide free radical metabolic process
superoxide free radical metabolism
superoxide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
drug metabolic process
drug metabolism
xenobiotic metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
nitric oxide anabolism
nitric oxide biosynthesis
nitric oxide formation
nitric oxide synthesis
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
single-organism transport
The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
ion transport
The directed movement of a monoatomic cation, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.
cation transport
di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport
trivalent inorganic cation transport
The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
cellular potassium ion transport
K+ conductance
low voltage-dependent potassium channel auxiliary protein activity
low voltage-gated potassium channel auxiliary protein activity
potassium conductance
potassium ion conductance
potassium transport
sodium/potassium transport
The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
sodium channel auxiliary protein activity
sodium transport
sodium/potassium transport
sodium:calcium exchange
sodium:solute transport
The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
calcium transport
mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
sodium:calcium exchange
The directed movement of phosphate ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
phosphate transport
The directed movement of a monoatomic anion, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.
anion transport
The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
ferric ion import
ferric ion transport
ferric iron import
ferric iron transport
ferric iron uptake
ferrous ion transport
ferrous iron transport
iron ion import
iron transport
The directed movement of zinc (Zn II) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
zinc II ion transport
zinc transport
The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
sodium:dicarboxylate transport
The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
sodium:neurotransmitter transport
The process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial calcium transport
The directed movement of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
purine base transmembrane transport
purine base transport
purine transmembrane transport
purine transport
The directed movement of asparagine, alpha-aminosuccinamic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
L-asparagine transport
The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
L-glutamine transport
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
cellular ion homeostasis
cellular monoatomic ion homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of calcium ions within a cell.
cellular calcium ion homeostasis
regulation of calcium ion concentration
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of copper ions within a cell.
cellular copper ion homeostasis
copper homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of iron ions within a cell.
cellular iron ion homeostasis
iron homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of zinc ions within a cell.
cellular zinc ion homeostasis
zinc homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sodium ions within a cell.
cellular sodium ion homeostasis
Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell.
regulation of cell volume
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell.
hydrogen ion homeostasis
The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
copper-induced intracellular protein transport
A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for example of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.
nonselective vesicle exocytosis
vesicle exocytosis
The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
anterograde (ER to Golgi) transport
anterograde transport, endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi
anterograde transport, ER to Golgi
anterograde vesicle-mediated transport, endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi
anterograde vesicle-mediated transport, ER to Golgi
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport
ER to Golgi transport
ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi transport
rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
rough ER to cis-Golgi transport
rough ER to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG.
cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum transport
cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle-mediated transport
cis-Golgi to rough ER transport
cis-Golgi to rough ER vesicle-mediated transport
retrograde (Golgi to ER) transport
retrograde transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
retrograde transport, Golgi to ER
retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER
The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network).
intra-Golgi transport
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles.
post-Golgi transport
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.
Golgi to plasma membrane vesicle-mediated transport
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes.
Golgi to endosome vesicle-mediated transport
TGN to endosome transport
trans-Golgi to endosome transport
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.
Golgi to vacuole vesicle-mediated transport
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
endocytic import into cell
nonselective vesicle endocytosis
plasma membrane invagination
vesicle endocytosis
An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.
receptor mediated endocytosis
The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
membrane evagination
nonselective vesicle assembly
single organism membrane budding
single-organism membrane budding
vesicle biosynthesis
vesicle budding
vesicle formation
A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.
vesicle coat assembly
The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, that contributes to exocytosis.
vesicle docking during exocytosis
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, called pinosomes, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane.
clathrin-independent pinocytosis
fluid-phase endocytosis
single-organism pinocytosis
The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell.
recognition of phagocytosed substance by phagocytic cell
The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis.
phagosome biosynthesis
phagosome formation
The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
nucleocytoplasmic shuttling
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
activation of apoptosis
apoptosis
apoptosis activator activity
apoptosis signaling
apoptotic cell death
apoptotic program
apoptotic programmed cell death
caspase-dependent programmed cell death
cell suicide
cellular suicide
commitment to apoptosis
induction of apoptosis
induction of apoptosis by p53
programmed cell death by apoptosis
signaling (initiator) caspase activity
type I programmed cell death
The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis.
cellular component disassembly involved in apoptosis
cellular component disassembly involved in apoptotic process
disassembly of cell structures
A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors.
activated T cell apoptosis
activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
activation-induced cell death of T-cells
activation-induced cell death of T-lymphocytes
AICD
antigen-driven apoptosis
Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.
apoptosis of inflammatory cells
inflammatory cell apoptosis
inflammatory cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
killing of inflammatory cells
programmed cell death of inflammatory cells by apoptosis
programmed cell death, inflammatory cells
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate.
substrate-bound cell migration
The formation of adhesions that stabilize protrusions at the leading edge of a migrating cell; involves integrin activation, clustering, and the recruitment of structural and signaling components to nascent adhesions.
substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.
substrate-bound cell migration, cell release from substrate
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
taxis in response to chemical stimulus
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
visceral muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
sarcomeric muscle contraction
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
response to abiotic stress
response to biotic stress
Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
antimicrobial peptide activity
defence response
defense/immunity protein activity
physiological defense response
The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
inflammation
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.
complement activity
complement cascade
complement response
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.
complement cascade, alternative pathway
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.
complement cascade, classical pathway