NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are enzyme complexes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.
CDK holoenzyme
The directed movement of sulfite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
sulphite transport
A vacuole that has both lytic and storage functions. The fungal vacuole is a large, membrane-bounded organelle that functions as a reservoir for the storage of small molecules (including polyphosphate, amino acids, several divalent cations (e.g. calcium), other ions, and other small molecules) as well as being the primary compartment for degradation. It is an acidic compartment, containing an ensemble of acid hydrolases. At least in S. cerevisiae, there are indications that the morphology of the vacuole is variable and correlated with the cell cycle, with logarithmically growing cells having a multilobed, reticulated vacuole, while stationary phase cells contain a single large structure.
vacuole, cell cycle-correlated morphology
A closed structure that is completely surrounded by a unit membrane, contains liquid, and retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
vacuole, cell cycle-independent morphology
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
lumen of vacuole with cell cycle-independent morphology
A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.
central bladder
central vacuole
The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.
cullin deneddylation
Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.
binding to mRNA cap
mRNA cap binding
snRNA cap binding
The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.
TREX complex
Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.
catalytic spliceosome assembly for second transesterification step
formation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step
formation of catalytic U12-type spliceosome for second transesterification step
formation of catalytic U2-type spliceosome for second transesterification step
formation of spliceosomal A2-2 complex
formation of spliceosomal C1 complex
lariat formation, 5\'-splice site cleavage
spliceosomal A2-3 complex biosynthesis
spliceosomal A2-3 complex formation
spliceosomal C2 complex biosynthesis
spliceosomal C2 complex formation
The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
nuclear mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome
nuclear mRNA trans splicing, via U2-type spliceosome
Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions.
pre-mRNA splicing factor activity
RNA splicing factor activity, transesterification mechanism
spliceosomal catalysis
Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure.
lariat RNA biosynthesis
lariat RNA formation
The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.
alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
splice site selection
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome.
spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis
Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome.
nuclear mRNA 3\'-splice site recognition
U12-type nuclear mRNA 3\'-splice site recognition
U2-type nuclear mRNA 3\'-splice site recognition
Structural rearrangements of the spliceosome complex, containing RNA to be spliced, to generate a catalytic conformation.
3\'-splice site cleavage, exon ligation
Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
mRNA splicing
Recognition of the intron 5'-splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.
nuclear mRNA 5\' splice site recognition
nuclear mRNA 5\'-splice site recognition
spliceosomal CC complex biosynthesis
spliceosomal CC complex formation
spliceosomal commitment complex biosynthesis
spliceosomal commitment complex formation
spliceosomal E complex biosynthesis
spliceosomal E complex formation
U12-type nuclear mRNA 5\' splice site recognition
U12-type nuclear mRNA 5\'-splice site recognition
U2-type nuclear mRNA 5\' splice site recognition
U2-type nuclear mRNA 5\'-splice site recognition
The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
mRNA splicing
nuclear mRNA splicing via U12-type spliceosome
nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
pre-mRNA splicing
splicing AT-AC intron
splicing GT-AG intron
Binding to a DNA segment containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices.
forked DNA binding
Holliday junction binding
Punctate structures proximal to the endoplasmic reticulum which are the sites where the Atg machinery assembles upon autophagy induction.
PAS
perivacuolar space
pre-autophagosomal structure
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of galactose that leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
down regulation of transcription by galactose
down-regulation of transcription by galactose
downregulation of transcription by galactose
inhibition of transcription by galactose
Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
activation of transcription by galactose
stimulation of transcription by galactose
up regulation of transcription by galactose
up-regulation of transcription by galactose
upregulation of transcription by galactose
The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered.
autophagic vacuole membrane
The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
mitochondrion degradation
mitochondrion disassembly
mitophagy
The selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy.
macromitophagy
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
Any process involving carbon catabolites that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD.
core TFIIH complex
SSL2-core TFIIH complex
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
maturation of 18S rRNA
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a snoRNA to form a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
snoRNP assembly
Binding to nucleic acid via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target DNA molecule.
base pairing with DNA
A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.
26S proteasome
proteasome
A histone chaperone that carries a H3-H4 histone complex.
H3-H4 histone carrier activity
H3.1-H4 histone complex chaperone activity
H3.2-H4 histone complex chaperone activity
H3.3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo.
embryonic axis determination
Catalysis of the removal oxidized pyrimidine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves formation of a covalent enzyme-pyrimidine base intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.
bifunctional DNA glycosylase
DNA glycosylase/AP-lyase
DNA glycosylase/beta-lyase
endodeoxyribonuclease III
endonuclease III
endonuclease VIII activity
oxidized pyrimidine base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
pyrimidine-specific oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
The cell cycle process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
meiotic D-loop biosynthesis
meiotic D-loop formation
meiotic displacement loop biosynthesis
meiotic displacement loop formation
The cell cycle process in which the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA is rejected. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
meiotic D-loop dissociation
meiotic D-loop processing
meiotic displacement loop dissociation
meiotic displacement loop processing
The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.
pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage recognition
Any recombinational process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
telomerase-independent telomere maintenance
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.
regulation of telomere length
The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.
HDR
homologous recombinational repair
homology-directed repair
HRR
Rad51-dependent recombinational repair
Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.
Rad51 nucleoprotein filament formation
Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.
DNA repair synthesis
DNA synthesis during DNA repair
mitotic DNA repair synthesis
The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.
D-loop dissociation
D-loop processing
displacement loop dissociation
displacement loop processing
strand displacement
The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.
nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion during karyogamy
During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from two nuclei as a result of fusing the nuclear envelopes that surround each nuclei. This takes place following the mutual exchange of one of the two nuclei produced by the mitosis that follows the second meiotic nuclear division. This occurs in ciliated protozoans such as Tetrahymena.
karyogamy involved in conjugation without cellular fusion
A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
cell fusion
mating
A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.
conjugation without cellular fusion
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that positively regulates the process of conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
response to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion
A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
transduction of mating signal
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.
shmoo orientation
shmooing
In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
adaptation of signalling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion
desensitization to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion
During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
zygote formation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus regulating the process of conjugation without cellular fusion.
response to pheromone triggering conjugation without cellular fusion
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that regulates the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
response to pheromone during pheromone-induced unidirectional
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
cell fusion
The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones.
a-factor export
The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
centromere
centromere complex
chromosome, centric region
chromosome, pericentric region
A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
condensed chromosome kinetochore
condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore
NMS complex
The region of a condensed chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
condensed chromosome, centric region
condensed chromosome, centromere
condensed chromosome, pericentric region
condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region
The end of a linear chromosome, required for the integrity and maintenance of the end. A chromosome telomere usually includes a region of telomerase-encoded repeats the length of which rarely exceeds 20 bp each and that permits the formation of a telomeric loop (T-loop). The telomeric repeat region is usually preceded by a sub-telomeric region that is gene-poor but rich in repetitive elements. Some telomeres only consist of the latter part (for eg. D. melanogaster telomeres).
nuclear chromosome, telomere
nuclear chromosome, telomeric region
telomere
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
chromosome scaffold
cytoplasmic chromatin
nuclear chromatin
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
cytoplasmic nucleosome
nuclear nucleosome
A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription.
nuclear heterochromatin
transcriptionally inactive chromatin
transcriptionally silent chromatin
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.
cytoplasmic mitotic chromosome
metaphase chromosome
mitotic chromosome
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.
meiotic chromosome
nuclear mitotic chromosome
A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.
ORC
origin of replication recognition complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
regulation of arginine metabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.
IP6 kinase
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate = ADP + bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configurations of the diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) and bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate (bis-PP-IP4) are unknown.
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity
PP-IP5 kinase activity
A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal and membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. In mammals, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 (Synoviolin) or AMFR (gp78).
HRD1 ubiquitin ligase complex
The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
cellular morphogenesis
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi.
ascus development
fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
perfect stage fruiting body development
The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.
cell cycle cytokinesis
cytokinesis involved in cell cycle
The assembly and arrangement of an apparatus composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.
actomyosin apparatus assembly involved in cytokinesis
cytokinesis, formation of actomyosin apparatus
formation of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis