NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Carndochan Castle

Carndochan Castle (Welsh: Castell Carndochan) is a ruined stone castle near Llanuwchllyn, Gwynedd, north Wales. It was probably built in the early thirteenth century and is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. History The castle stands on a ridge overlooking the Lliw Valley; its early history is unrecorded, but it is thought to have been built by Prince Llywelyn ap Iorwerth between 1215 and 1230 or Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. Little is known of the site's history although King Edward I of England visited in 1283–84. Description Built in typical Welsh style, it consisted of a D-shaped tower on its western end with smaller round or semi-round towers surrounding a small ward and square central tower. The apsidal tower survives up to a height of 8 feet (2.4 m) and used a different source of lime for its coursed mortar, which may indicate that it was built at a different time than the rest of the structure. Two of the other towers are dry stone-built and resemble to those at Carn Fadryn and Pen y Castell. A preliminary 2015 excavation in the southern part of the castle revealed the entrance, a small half-round tower and a length of curtain wall. The excavation recovered two pieces of charcoal that radiocarbon dating yielded dates of 1170–1258 for one and 1220–1271 for the other. It is not known when or why Carndochan was abandoned, although unsubstantiated excavations by nineteenth-century archaeologists apparently discovered substantial amounts of ash under the ruins, suggesting the castle was either sacked or demolished (often termed slighting). Today, the site is protected as a scheduled monument. References Further reading Hopewell, David (2020). "Castell Carndochan: survey and excavation 2014–17". Archaeologia Cambrensis. 169: 177–207. doi:10.5284/1129096. External links Media related to Carndochan Castle at Wikimedia Commons
Castell Carndochan

Castell Carndochan är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i kommunen Gwynedd och riksdelen Wales, i den södra delen av landet, 280 km nordväst om huvudstaden London. Castell Carndochan ligger 332 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Castell Carndochan är huvudsakligen kuperad, men åt nordost är den platt. Närmaste större samhälle är Dolgellau, 17,5 km sydväst om Castell Carndochan. Trakten runt Castell Carndochan består i huvudsak av gräsmarker. Kommentarer Källor Externa länkar Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Castell Carndochan.
Castell Bryn Gwyn

Castell Bryn Gwyn, officially spelled Castell Bryngwyn, is a prehistoric site on the Isle of Anglesey, west of Brynsiencyn. It is a circular clay and gravel bank covered with grass, still some 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) high and revetted externally by stone walls, which surround a level area some 54 metres (177 ft) in diameter. Its name means "White Hill Castle". Since 2024, Cadw, who maintain the site, use the spelling "Bryngwyn". Prehistoric origins The original use of this site is uncertain although it may have been a religious sanctuary. Later Neolithic pottery indicates use in this period, and it may have been a henge monument at this time. The earliest bank and ditch belong to the end of the Neolithic period (2500-2000 BC). Roman invasion During the Iron Age, the present wall was built, and it was rebuilt in Roman times and later. Access Car parking is minimal but the site is accessible from the A4080 by a footpath. Another path follows the low ridge, southwest over stiles to the Bryn Gwyn stones, or northeast, past the site of the former stone circle of Tre'r Dryw Bach, some 1⁄2 mile (800 metres) to Caer Lêb where it meets a minor road with limited car parking space. See also List of hillforts in Wales References
Castell Bryn Gwyn

Castell Bryn Gwyn är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i kommunen Isle of Anglesey och riksdelen Wales, i den sydvästra delen av landet, 300 km nordväst om huvudstaden London. Castell Bryn Gwyn ligger 13 meter över havet. Det ligger på ön Anglesey. Terrängen runt Castell Bryn Gwyn är huvudsakligen platt, men åt sydost är den kuperad. Närmaste större samhälle är Caernarfon, 4,5 km söder om Castell Bryn Gwyn. Trakten runt Castell Bryn Gwyn består i huvudsak av gräsmarker. Kommentarer Källor Externa länkar Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Castell Bryn Gwyn.
Castell Gwallter

Castell Gwallter, also known as Walter's Castle and sometimes Castell Penweddig, is the remains of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle situated on a large hill above the old village of Llandre (Llanfihangel Genau'r Glyn) in northern Ceredigion, Wales, four miles northeast of Aberystwyth. History Castell Gwallter was built around 1120 by Walter de Bec, who was one of the tenants of Gilbert Fitz Richard. Walter was a "distinguished knight who had chief command at the 'Battle of the Standard' in 1138, and is said to have stood on the wagon of the Standards, and to have inspired his troops by an oration in a voice like a trumpet". He was one of the great feudal knights with estates in the North of England. The castle was captured in 1136 by Owain Gwynedd but was retaken in 1153 by Lord Rhys and his brothers. After this, history does not relate what happened to the castle, but it may have been demolished. The site Castell Gwallter is situated in a prominent position about half a mile west of the village of Llandre. It is one of about 300 castles of its type in the area built to try to subdue the Welsh, a motte-and-bailey type fortification which originally had a tower built on a large mound. The motte is surrounded by a ditch and the inner bailey is small, and is surrounded by a larger outer enclosure. The whole site is very well-preserved and as there is no sign of building stone on top of the mound, the tower may have been made of wood. There is steep ground to the east and the north which provides natural defences, and the site is about 50 m (200 ft) higher than St Michael’s Church, Llandre to which it is adjacent. Visitor information The castle is on private land but can be seen from a public right of way which passes close by. See also List of castles in Wales Castles in Great Britain and Ireland References
Castell Gwallter

Castell Gwallter är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i kommunen Ceredigion och riksdelen Wales, i den södra delen av landet, 280 km väster om huvudstaden London. Castell Gwallter ligger 120 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Castell Gwallter är platt åt nordväst, men åt sydost är den kuperad. Havet är nära Castell Gwallter åt nordväst. Närmaste större samhälle är Aberystwyth, 6,2 km sydväst om Castell Gwallter. Trakten runt Castell Gwallter består i huvudsak av gräsmarker. Kommentarer Källor
Castle Arcade

The Castle Arcade is a shopping arcade in Cardiff, South Wales. Started in 1887, it runs south from opposite Cardiff Castle, and then turns east to exit on the High Street, in the Castle Quarter. One of the longer of Cardiff's famous Victorian arcades, it is also one of Cardiff's only two level shopping arcades, the other being Cardiff Market. Castle Arcade has a variety of small shops including cafes, delicatessens, fair-trade and organic retailers. There are also several shops on the gallery level. History Castle Arcade, one of Cardiff's historic shopping arcades, was constructed in 1887 by architect Edwin Seward for the Bute Estate. It was part of the Marquess of Bute's urban development plans, which transformed Cardiff into a thriving commercial hub in the late 19th century. The arcade suffered damage during the Cardiff Blitz in 1941 but was later restored, retaining its original Victorian character. Cultural significance Castle Arcade was Grade II* listed in 1975, being the "finest of Cardiff's Victorian arcades". The four storey entrance block facing onto the High Street is separately listed, also as Grade II*. Castle Arcade is a key part of Cardiff's heritage tourism, featured in films and TV shows such as Doctor Who. See also List of shopping arcades in Cardiff Victorian architecture References External links Media related to Castle Arcade at Wikimedia Commons Cardiff Castle Arcade Official Website
Castle Hotel, Conwy

Castle Hotel is in High Street, opposite to the entrance to Llewelyn Street, in Conwy, Wales. It is designated by Cadw as a Grade II listed building. History The hotel stands on the site of a former Cistercian abbey. Until the 1880s it was occupied by a public house, the King's Head, dating from the 15th century, and the Castle Hotel. In 1885 the building was completely remodelled by the Chester firm of architects Douglas and Fordham. The whole building was developed into a hotel, and a new section was added. The hotel has been visited by a number of well-known guests, including Thomas Telford, William Wordsworth, and the Queen of Romania, who lunched in the restaurant. Architecture Seen from High Street, the hotel is in three sections, each of which has three storeys. To the left is a single-bay section, the former public house; the central section, developed from the older hotel, has four bays; and the section to the right, added in 1885, has three bays. The whole building is in Renaissance style. When Douglas and Fordham remodelled the building, they used small broken pieces of limestone as a facing material, giving the frontage a flint-like appearance. The dressings of the windows are in brick and terracotta. The central bay is in red ashlar sandstone and the roof is tiled. Present day For many years the hotel was run by companies based in London. Since 2000 it has been in private ownership. See also List of houses and associated buildings by John Douglas References
Castle House (Carmarthenshire)

Castle House ist ein Herrenhaus in Laugharne in der walisischen Grafschaft Carmarthenshire. Das Gebäude im georgianischen Stil ist als historisches Gebäude II*. Grades gelistet und Dylan Thomas beschreibt es als „das beste Haus am besten Platz“. Es ist eines von vielen bemerkenswerten Gebäuden in der mittelalterlichen Kleinstadt. Das wurde um 1730 errichtet und im Regency innen und außen umgebaut. Das dreistöckige Haus hat eine Fassade mit fünf Jochen, wobei die mittleren drei Joche etwas hervortreten. Über dem in der Mitte liegenden Eingang ist ein Ziergiebel angebracht; darüber befinden sich dreigeteilte Fenster; das oberste ist ein venezianisches Fenster. Ein breites Gesims an der Fassade verdeckt das Schieferdach. Verschiedene Flügel, niedriger als der Hauptblock, erstrecken sich nach hinten; einer davon ist, wie der Hauptblock, im 18. Jahrhundert entstanden. Die Innenausstattung stammt größtenteils aus dem Regency oder späteren Zeiten, aber man findet dort das einzige Treppenhaus im Chinese-Chippendale-Stil in Carmarthenshire. Früher gab es eine Reihe von Nebengebäuden hinter dem Haus, wie man auf der ersten Ausgabe der Ordnance-Survey-Country-Series-Karte (Carmarthen, XLV.14, 1899) sehen kann, und das Anwesen von Laugharne Castle war früher ein Landschaftsgarten und diente als Hausgarten. Zwei der bis heute erhaltenen Nebengebäude wurden in ein Bed and Breakfast und ein Restaurant umgebaut. Obwohl die Burg heute vom Cadw verwaltet wird, gehört der Titel immer noch zum Haus. Bis vor Kurzem gehörte Castle House noch der Familie Starke, wie schon seit Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts. Heute ist es das Privathaus von David Thomas und Abi Thomas, der Tochter des ortsansässigen Bildhauers David Petersen. Das Haus ist auch eng mit Schriftstellern verbunden. So schrieb dort Dylan Thomas während seines Aufenthaltes sein Portrait of the Artist as Young Dog und Richard Hughes sein In Hazard. Einzelnachweise
Castle House, Laugharne

Castle House in Laugharne, Carmarthenshire, Wales, is a Grade II*–listed Georgian mansion. Described by Dylan Thomas as “the best of houses in the best of places”, it is one of many buildings of note in the medieval township. The house was built around 1730, although remodelled inside and out in the Regency period. It features a three-storey, five-bay facade, with the central three bays projecting slightly. The central doorway is surmounted by a pediment; above it are tripartite windows, with the uppermost one in the Venetian style. A broad cornice on the facade conceals the slate roof. Several wings, lower than the main body of the house, project to the rear, one of which dates to the original 18th-century construction. The interiors are mainly of the Regency period and later but include the only example in Carmarthenshire of a Chinese Chippendale staircase. There were formerly a number of outbuildings to the rear of the house, as can be seen in the first-edition Ordnance Survey County Series map (Carmarthen, XLV.14, 1889), and the grounds of Laugharne Castle were formerly landscaped to serve as the house's garden. Two of the surviving outbuildings have been converted to a bed and breakfast and a restaurant. Although the castle is now in the guardianship of Cadw, its title is still with the house. Until recently Castle House was in the ownership of the Starke family, who had held it since the early 19th century, although it is now the private residence of David Thomas and Abi Thomas, daughter of the local artist David Petersen. The house has long had artistic links, as Richard Hughes wrote In Hazard (1938) while living there, and Dylan Thomas wrote Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog (1940) while staying with Hughes. Notes
Castle House, Usk

Castle House in Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales, originally formed the gatehouse to Usk Castle. Much altered in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it is now a private home and a Grade I listed building. History Castle House has its origins as the gatehouse to Usk Castle. Coflein gives the dates of construction as 1368–99. For many years, it was the residence of the castle's steward. While the castle declined in the later medieval period and was slighted during the English Civil War, Castle House underwent considerable expansion and alteration in the 18th and 19th centuries. By the early 20th century, it was described as a "gentrified town house". In 1925 Castle House, and its grounds including the castle ruins, were purchased for £525 by Rudge Humphreys, whose family still own the estate. The Monmouthshire antiquarian Joseph Bradney, in his History of Monmouthshire, recorded that Humphreys was agent to a Mrs Perry-Herrick, "who owns considerable estates in th(e) county". Humphreys undertook major excavation and restoration of the grounds, details of which were recorded in an archive of one hundred and seventy photographs, copies of which are held by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. The house is privately owned. Architecture and description The building is of three storeys, in stucco, and with a slate roof. Its gabled rear range "incorporates the inner half of the late fourteenth century gatehouse" to the castle. The house is a Grade I listed building, its listing recording the reason for the designation; "listed as a major historic building, in particular (for) the importance of its medieval gatehouse". The gardens of Castle House, dating from the early twentieth century, include a herb garden with medieval planting and are occasionally open under the National Gardens Scheme. A barn adjacent to the house and sited at the end of the outer ward of the castle is listed at Grade II. Notes References Sources Bradney, Joseph (1993). A History of Monmouthshire: The Hundred of Usk, Volume 3 Part 1. Academy Books. ISBN 9781873361160. OCLC 896118895. Newman, John (2000). Gwent/Monmouthshire. The Buildings of Wales. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-071053-1.
Cefn Coed Hospital

Cefn Coed Hospital (Welsh: Ysbyty Cefn Coed) is a mental-health facility in Swansea, Wales. It is managed by the Swansea Bay University Health Board. History The hospital was designed by George Thomas Hine and Hallam Carter-Pegg using a compact arrow layout, and was officially opened by the Princess Royal as Swansea Mental Hospital in 1932. It was used as a casualty hospital during the Second World War. In 2002, the University of Wales Swansea reported that the hospital had to lock up patients due to understaffing. Work started in 2009 to build modern replacement mental-health accommodation and facilities, including Ysbryd y Coed, which is purpose-built for patients with dementia, in the grounds of Cefn Coed . Other new-builds in the Cefn Coed grounds are the 18-bed Gwelfor Rehabilitation Unit, a pub featuring non-alcoholic beer called “The Derwen Arms”, and two supported houses for recovering patients preparing to move back home. In March 2015, the health board's new low-secure mental-health unit, Taith Newydd, opened in Bridgend, replacing some of the old wards at Cefn Coed. Other new mental-health builds include the ARC Centre and Angelton Clinic in Bridgend, and Ty Einon in Swansea. In 2015, the NHS announced that the phased closure of Cefn Coed Hospital would continue for the next three to five years, with several decommissioned wards planned for demolition that year. In June 2019, the hospital was one of the filming locations for the Channel 4 drama, The Accident, starring Sarah Lancashire. The series aired on the 24 October 2019. Notable staff The comedienne Jo Brand was once a psychiatric nurse at the hospital. References External links Swansea Bay University Health Board
Cefn Saeson

Cefn Saeson (Ysgol Gyfun Cefn Saeson) is a mixed, English-medium comprehensive school in the Cimla suburb of Neath, Wales. The school serves 11 to 16-year-olds living in Cimla, Tonna, Tonmawr, Pontrhydyfen and parts of Neath. The school is located on Afan Valley Road. A new school was built in 2021 on the football field of the existing school dating from the early 1970s and now demolished. 'Cefn' can have a meaning in English of mountain ridge and 'Saeson' means Englishman. The school motto is 'Bid Ben, Bid Bont' ('To be a leader, one must be a bridge') Teaching awards Former headmaster, Alun Griffiths, received the 2005 award for Headteacher of the Year in the Welsh division of the Teaching Awards. Former deputy headmaster, Peter Jones, has recently won the Ted Wragg Lifetime Achievement Award, given at a large gala in central London by Lenny Henry and broadcast on BBC2. Notable alumni Thomas Haffield (born 1988), Olympic swimmer Sian James (born 1959), MP for Swansea East Steve Tandy (born 1980), Rugby Union Player and Coach. References External links Home page
Ceunant Llennyrch National Nature Reserve

Ceunant Llennyrch National Nature Reserve is one of several woodland reserves in the Vale of Ffestiniog in Gwynedd, Wales and runs from Llyn Trawsfynydd to the River Dwyryd, near the village of Maentwrog. The reserve's broad expanse of woodland coats a steep-sided gorge, through which the Afon Prysor cascades. At one point, the river is flanked by one hundred feet (30 m) high cliffs, which face each other only 10 metres (33 feet) apart. The high humidity offered by the falls creates the perfect environment for numerous damp-loving plants, due to the high humidity and high rainfall, it is technically a temperate rainforest. Background In December 2015, the 550-acre (220 ha) forest was bought for a price of £1 million by The Woodland Trust. The woodland has been there since the last ice age, and is so deep that apparently, some parts are untouched by humans. Flora The forest is exceptionally damp, creating the perfect habitat for nature to flourish. There are over 200 species of liverwort, many forms of moss and lichen too. Trees include sessile oaks, as well as beech, rowan and silver birch. Lichens form on these birches, such as Graphina ruiziana and Parmeliella horrescens. However, the conditions are not kind to flowering plants, due to the shady and damp nature of the environment. The only population of Pyrenula hibernica in Wales is found at Ceunant Llennyrch and was first described in 2005. Fauna The animals of the woodland are also thriving, with many small mammals such as the wood mouse, otter and bank vole making their homes near the river. Otters have difficulty with food, as the acidity of the river water means that fish are not in abundance. Woodpeckers, common redstarts and European pied flycatchers are amongst the most common birds present. In terms of predators, the mice and voles are easy prey for a buzzard, which are frequently spotted. References
St Non's Chapel

St Non's Chapel (Kapel van Sint Non) (in Welsh Capel Non), ook Chapel of Blessed Non (Kapel van de Zalige Non) genoemd, is (de ruïne van) een veertiende-eeuwse kapel, gelegen in St Davids in de Welshe regio Pembrokeshire in Groot-Brittannië. De kapel is gewijd aan de Zalige Non, de moeder van Sint David. Geschiedenis De locatie waar St Non's Chapel staat is sinds de middeleeuwen een pelgrimageplaats. Traditioneel wordt deze locatie gezien als de plek waar de beschermheilige van Wales, Sint David is geboren. Non is traditioneel Davids moeder. Traditie vertelt hoe zij verkracht werd door ene Sanctus, een koning van Ceredigion, en David baarde. Op de plek van de geboorte werd een kapel gebouwd waarvan het altaar een steen bevatte waarop de afdrukken van Nons vingers te zien waren; de afdrukken zouden zijn gemaakt ten tijde van de pijnlijke geboorte van David. Deze steen is in de 21e eeuw niet teruggevonden. De eerste schriftelijke vermelding van St Non's Chapel dateert uit 1335. De kapel bevond zich oorspronkelijk in een steencirkel. Het is onbekend uit welke eeuw de huidige overblijfselen stammen. De kapel is na de reformatie (die begon rond 1560) in onbruik geraakt, werd omgebouwd tot woonhuis, dat in het midden van de negentiende eeuw tot ruïne was vervallen. In de jaren vijftig van de twintigste eeuw zijn de overblijfselen van de kapel geconserveerd en kwamen deze in staatsbeheer. Ten oosten van de resten van de kapel ligt St Non's Well (de bron van Sint Non). Over deze bron is een gebouwtje opgericht, dat vermoedelijk dateert uit de vroege negentiende eeuw. In de laatzestiende eeuw had de bron reeds een stenen overkapping. In 1951 werd dit gebouwtje gerestaureerd. Bouw St Non's Chapel is gelegen aan de kust van St Non's Bay (Baai van Sint Non). St Non's Chapel is een rechthoekig gebouw waar in de 21e eeuw enkel een deel van de muren nog overeind staan. In de kapel bevindt zich een steen met een ingekerfd kruis uit de zevende tot negende eeuw. Deze steen staat bekend als St Non's Cross (Kruis van Sint Non). Deze steen was ooit ingemetseld in de muur, al is het niet zeker of de steen in direct verband stond met de kapel. De kapel ligt noord-zuid in plaats van de meer gebruikelijke oriëntering oost-west. Een mogelijke verklaring hiervoor is het feit dat de grond, waarop de kapel gebouwd is, steil afloopt. Het massieve metselwerk aan de zuidzijde ondersteunt deze theorie. Vlak bij staat de rooms-katholieke Chapel of Our Lady and St Non, gebouwd in 1934 door David Thomas van St Davids. Beheer St Non's Chapel wordt beheerd door Cadw. Externe link (en) Cadw, St Non's Chapel