NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Fort Hubberstone

Fort Hubberstone, on the west side of Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire, is a Grade II* Listed Building which belongs to a series of forts built as part of the inner line of defence of the Haven following the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom. Together with Popton Fort on the opposite shore, it provided an interlocking field of fire, and represented the last layer of defence before reaching the Royal Naval dockyard at Pembroke Dock. Construction began in 1860 and was completed in 1863 at a cost of £55,000. It is a large battery, with eleven guns in casemates, eight in an open battery above, with another nine in an open flank battery, and a large barracks to the rear. It is a D-shaped structure, with a bomb-proof roof which protected the barracks and other buildings from mortar projectiles. On its landward side, it was protected by a deep ditch, and on the seaward side by a counter-scarp gallery. The associated casemate battery is located further down the headland and separated from the fort. The barracks had capacity for 250 men, provided by the militia of the Royal Pembroke Artillery with a detachment of regular infantry. Recruitment however was frequently constrained by the isolation of the fort, lacking the appeal of more urban stations. The fort was often required to fire live practice rounds, and in 1894 participated in experiments to illuminate targets with searchlights so they could be engaged at night. Notoriously, in 1875 Lieutenant Walter of the militia was murdered by a Doctor Alder in a drunken brawl. The fort was abandoned after World War I as a consequence of the Haldane Reforms. A 1919 proposal to convert the structure into social housing came to nothing. World War II saw the fort once again in active use, when it was used as an air raid shelter and army camp for American military personnel. On a good site, the fort has fallen into disrepair. Under the ownership of Milford Haven Port Authority, there were various unsuccessful plans to restore the structure. The site is not currently open to the public, and has been the scene of non-fatal injuries to trespassers. In 2011 it was named as the fifth most endangered archaeological site in the UK by British Archaeology, which prompted a campaign to seek a long-term sustainable use of the site. In 2019, plans were announced to convert the site into a military-based residential camp for former service men and women. These plans were subsequently dropped due to a media scandal involving Camp Valour. In September 2020, the site was purchased by Guy Anderson, a private investor and local councillor, who announced it would be open it to the public as a ‘living ruin’. In 2021 it featured on the BBC television programme Hidden Wales: Last Chance to Save.[1]. In 2024 the site was sold to Alyson Rawes and Kelsey Trattner. References External links Palmerston Forts Society
Freshwater East

Freshwater East is a village in Pembrokeshire, Wales. The majority of the village is on a cliff overlooking a bay. It is approximately 7 miles (11 km) from Pembroke by road, and 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Lamphey, and is in the parish and community of Lamphey. Freshwater East is the site of a Green Coast Award Beach. History There is evidence of prehistoric occupation to the east of the village, where there is an earthwork. Freshwater is marked on a 1578 parish map, but apparently as a coastal place, rather than a parish. The historic name for the bay is Welsh: Porth Lliw, and this is still in occasional use today. In more modern times, the stream would provide fresh water for ships, giving it its name. In Victorian times it became established as a bathing venue. The beach is named as Freshwater East on a pre-1850 parish map, with little sign of a settlement, apart from a large house named Portclew (probably built around 1800; the name is a form of the bay's historic Welsh name), and a chapel. In 1860, county horse races were held on the beach. The 2011 census population was 250. Situation The village is on the Wales Coast Path and in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. To the west is Trewent Point, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), covering some 64 hectares. Amenities A coastal bus service connects with Pembroke and Pembroke Dock, and the surrounding area including Lamphey railway station on the Pembroke Dock branch of the West Wales Line operated by Transport for Wales Rail. Trains stop on request. Surfing is possible in winter, and the beach is popular in summer. There is a cafe, toilet and parking. The Freshwater Inn is the village pub, serving food. The dunes, known as The Burrows, are a nature reserve. Notable people Euros Childs (born 1975), a Welsh musician and songwriter, frontman for the band Gorky's Zygotic Mynci See also List of beaches in the United Kingdom References External links Surfing at Freshwater East
Gaer Penrhôs

Gaer Penrhôs, in Ceredigion, Wales, was a ringwork castle at the summit of a steep hill near the village of Llanrhystud; now all that remains are the outlines of its ringworks. Through the years it has variously been referred to as Llanrhystud Castle and Castell Cadwaladr and has likely been the site of more than one structure. Gaer Penrhôs commands a view into the mountains of the Ystwyth Valley and over Cardigan Bay. The ringwork consists of a small courtyard enclosed by a large rampart and outer ditch, however it lines up with the remains of what appears to have been a much larger enclosure that could have formed the basis of a much older Roman-era hillfort (which is usually referred to as Caer Penrhos in modern sources). According to the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales, a ring motte was first erected by Richard de la Mare in around 1110; just six years later it was captured by Gruffydd ap Rhys, and destroyed by Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd in 1136, who built a new castle on basically the same site in 1149. In 1150, a dispute between Cadwaladr's brother Owain Gwynedd and his nephew Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd, Owain's son, erupted and Hywel seized Gaer Penrhôs for himself. Hywel was only able to retain control of the castle for a year, losing it to Rhys ap Gruffydd and his brothers. The castle hadn't seen the last of Hywel, however; he returned some months later, where he slaughtered the castle's garrison and destroyed its timber defenses. In 1158 what appears to be a new structure was captured by Normans, but that was likely burned to the ground again when Rhys returned later to scourge every English-controlled castle in Ceredigion. References Castles of the Welsh Princes Llanrhystud Village
Castell Cadwaladr

Castell Cadwaladr är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i kommunen Ceredigion och riksdelen Wales, i den södra delen av landet, 290 km väster om huvudstaden London. Castell Cadwaladr ligger 139 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Castell Cadwaladr är huvudsakligen platt, men österut är den kuperad. Havet är nära Castell Cadwaladr åt nordväst. Närmaste större samhälle är Aberystwyth, 12,6 km norr om Castell Cadwaladr. Trakten runt Castell Cadwaladr består i huvudsak av gräsmarker. Kommentarer Källor
Garndiffaith Viaduct

Garndiffaith Viaduct is a largely stone-built railway viaduct that formerly carried the former Brynmawr and Blaenavon Railway over the valley of the Avon Ffrwd at the lower end of the village of Garndiffaith, Torfaen in South Wales. It is Grade II listed. The viaduct was engineered by John Gardiner between 1876 and 1877 to extend the LNWR line that principally carried coal from Brynmawr and Blaenavon to meet the Great Western Railway at Abersychan and Talywain. In 1912 the lines were opened to passenger services operated by the GWR as well as mineral trains, making it easier for miners and other workers to travel up and down the valley. This service ceased in 1941 due to the exigencies of the Second World War, but the viaduct remained in use until 1980 when the last mineral train left Blaenavons' Big Pit mine. The track was shortly dismantled by British Rail thereafter. The viaduct today Today the viaduct has survived well into preservation and is in relatively good condition, now forming part of the National Cycle Network Route 46. However, reopening the viaduct to railway traffic has become one of the long-term ambitions of the Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway as the viaduct is wide enough to accommodate route-sharing, in which the preserved P&BR could expand over it alongside the cycle-route. References Viaduct from Incline, June 2008 Photo 1 of Garndiffath Viaduct Photo 2 of Garndiffath Viaduct
Gateholm

Gateholm ist eine Gezeiteninsel, etwa 13 km westlich von Milford Haven vor der Südwestküste von Pembrokeshire in Wales. Sie ist bekannt für römisch-britische Überreste. Der Name, der im Jahre 1480 als Goteholme überliefert wurde, stammt aus dem Altnordischen und bedeutet „Ziegeninsel“. Wikinger überfielen im 9. und 10. Jahrhundert häufig dieses Gebiet. Das etwa vier Hektar große und maximal 40 m hohe Gateholm liegt am Westende der Marloes Sands und ist über die Albion Sands bei Ebbe zugänglich. Die Insel besteht aus Old-Red-Sandstein. Die außergewöhnliche Exposition hier und auf den Albion Sands, haben dazu geführt, dass die Insel als Kandidat für den Schutz als geologische Stätte von besonderem wissenschaftlichen Interesse (SSSI) aufgenommen wurde. Archäologie Auf der Insel liegen rund 130 Reste von runden und rechteckigen Hütten. Die rechteckigen waren zumeist in Reihen mit kleinen Innenhöfen angeordnet. Ausgrabungen einiger Hütten, die 1910 und 1930 erfolgten, fanden Belege für eine Nutzung in römischer Zeit, durch Funde von Münzen, Töpferware und einem kleinen Bronzehirsch. Von besonderem Interesse war die Entdeckung einer Bronzenadel irischen Ursprungs aus dem 6. Jahrhundert. Die Häuser wurden aus Rasen mit Steinfassaden gebaut. In einem der Häuser war ein Steinphallus, aufrecht in einem der Pfostenlöcher begraben. Der Ort wurde als römisch-britische Siedlung mit späterer Nutzung als Kloster interpretiert. In der Nähe liegt das Hillfort Victoria Bay. Siehe auch Burry Holms Weblinks Beschreibung engl. und Bilder Luftbild Literatur Peter Caton: No Boat Required. Exploring Tidal Islands. Matador, Leicester 2011, ISBN 978-1-84876-701-0.
George Street Bridge

Die George Street Bridge ist eine Straßenbrücke über den River Usk in Newport, Südwales. Sie war die erste Schrägseilbrücke in Großbritannien. Die vierspurige George Street Bridge ist 288 m lang und überquert den River Usk im Zuge der George Street. Sie wird im Westen durch eine Hochstraße über den Usk Way bis zur nächsten Kreuzung verlängert. Die Brücke hat eine Spannweite von 152 m über dem Fluss und von je 68 m in den beiden Nebenöffnungen. Ihre beiden Pylone bestehen jeweils aus zwei senkrechten, 52 m hohen Stahlbeton-Stielen, die nur unter dem Brückendeck durch einen Querriegel miteinander verbunden sind. In jedem der Pylonstiele gibt es drei übereinander angeordnete Öffnungen, durch die jeweils ein doppeltes Schrägseil geführt wird. An den Außenseiten werden die Seile parallel zum Brückendeck gespannt, so dass sich optisch eine harfenförmige Abspannung mit je drei Schrägseilen ergibt. Über der Hauptöffnung wird jedes der Doppelseile aufgefächert, so dass von jeder Öffnung in den Pylonstielen aus zwei Schrägseile mit unterschiedlichen Winkeln zu sechs Befestigungspunkten am Brückendeck gespannt sind. Das insgesamt 25,5 m breite Brückendeck besteht aus einem 20 m breiten und 1,5 m hohen, mehrzelligen Stahl-Hohlkasten, an dem seitlich 2,75 m weit auskragende Stahlplatten für die Gehwege angebracht sind. Die Brücke wurde von Mott, Hay & Anderson (heute Mott MacDonald) zusammen mit dem örtlichen Büro von D.P. Cartwright geplant und in den Jahren 1962 bis 1964 gebaut. Am 4. April 1964 wurde sie offiziell eröffnet. Literatur Karlheinz Roik, Gert Albrecht, Ulrich Weyer: Schrägseilbrücken. Ernst, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-433-00924-4, S. 31 Weblinks
George Street Bridge, Newport

George Street Bridge is a crossing of the River Usk in the community of Victoria in Newport, South Wales. It is a Grade II* listed structure. Planning Originally the bridge was planned to be six lanes wide, but with the M4 motorway Usk bridge already planned further upstream it was reduced to four lanes. Opening It was opened on 9 April 1964 and is the first cable-stayed cantilever bridge in the United Kingdom. It is a Grade II* listed structure. Before its opening in 1964 the only road crossings of the river Usk in central Newport were the Newport Bridge carrying the main A48 road and Newport Transporter Bridge. Many grand names were proposed for the bridge but it was eventually named after the relatively small George Street on the western bank of the River Usk. Continuing developments On completion, the A48 route was diverted over the new bridge, making it the preferred route for through traffic. However, in 2004 the new City Bridge on the Southern Distributor Road further downstream became the preferred route and assumed the route number. See also List of bridges in Wales References External links Media related to George Street Bridge, Newport at Wikimedia Commons
Glynn Vivian Art Gallery

The Glynn Vivian Art Gallery is the public art gallery of the City and County of Swansea, in Wales, United Kingdom. The gallery is situated in Alexandra Road, near Swansea railway station, opposite the old Swansea Central Library. History The creation of the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery was made possible when in 1905 Glynn Vivian offered his collection of paintings, drawings and china to the city with an endowment of £10,000. The donor laid the foundation stone himself in 1909, but it was after his death that the Gallery was formally opened in 1911, with "great enthusiasm and gaiety." The building was designed by Glendinning Moxham in the Edwardian Baroque style. William Grant Murray, director of the Swansea Art School, became the Gallery's first director; since 1951 the Gallery has had its own Curator. Glynn Vivian's collection, like most private collections, was eclectic. By donations – including the John Deffett Francis collection of prints and drawings and the Kildare S.Meager bequest of Swansea china – and by purchases the Gallery's holdings have become more representative of the range of European art, while remaining rich in the work of local artists. The gallery also presents loan exhibitions and events, and has an educational programme. Refurbishment 2011 In October 2011 the gallery was closed temporarily for a £6 million refurbishment and recladding of the 1974 extension. During the closure, the gallery planned to continue a programme of activities using alternative local venues. The former chair of the Arts Council of Wales was quoted as saying "The Glynn Vivian is a major civic facility and the only purpose-built art gallery in Wales that is still open. It will be missed by the people of Swansea but they will welcome it back in its renewed form". The work schedule was extended by two years after the original contractor went in to administration. The building re-opened in 2016. Collection The gallery displays a broad spectrum of visual arts from the original bequest of Glynn Vivian (1835–1910), and includes work by Old Masters as well as an international collection of porcelain and Swansea china. The paintings include work by Richard Wilson, Claude Monet, Thomas Jones, Mark Gertler, Augustus John, Gwen John, Stanley Spencer, Lucien Pissarro, Paul Nash, Guido Reni, Cedric Morris, Ben Nicholson, Alfred Janes, Ceri Richards, Ivon Hitchens, Thomas Lawrence, Evan Walters and Kyffin Williams. Among the prints may be found work by Albrecht Dürer, Agostino Carracci, William Blake and Ceri Richards. Watercolours and drawings include work by Richard Wilson, Thomas Gainsborough, John Sell Cotman, Thomas Rowlandson, Richard Parkes Bonington, Gwen John and Ceri Richards. The Gallery has an extensive collection of Swansea porcelain and china, as well as select pieces of other British and European factories, and of British and French glass. Among these is one of the earliest examples of European porcelain, a Meissen experimental vase complete with AR mark. References External links Official website Paintings at Glynn Vivian Art Gallery on Your Paintings (BBC)
Grand Hotel (Llandudno)

The Grand Hotel is a large hotel in Llandudno, Wales, overlooking the Promenade on the North Shore. It is owned by Britannia Hotels. History The history of the Grand Hotel began with the construction of the bathhouse in 1855. In 1858 the Pier was opened below the bathhouse. However, this was severely damaged in the Royal Charter Storm of 25 October 1859, which caused the loss of 223 ships and 800 people in British coastal waters. Although repaired and used for a further 16 years, the pier was eventually replaced in 1876. At that time the bathhouse complex was extended with the construction of the Bath's Hotel, the forerunner of the Grand Hotel. In 1886 the neighbouring Llandudno Pier Pavilion Theatre was opened. In 1901 the Hotel and Bathhouse underwent a substantial reconstruction to a design by James Francis Doyle it reopened as the Grand Hotel in 1902. The new hotel was the largest in Wales in its day with 158 rooms. Today the hotel has 162 rooms, two restaurants, a bar and a ballroom. In 1981 the hotel was acquired by Butlins who ran it in an "Adult Entertainment" style along with their other hotels. In 1998 Butlins sold off its hotels to Grand Hotels Ltd. and, in 2004, ownership transferred to Britannia Hotels when 3 former Butlins hotels were sold off by Grand. Media Appearances The hotel appeared in the 1979 film Yanks. References External links Official website
Grand Pavilion, Porthcawl

The Grand Pavilion is an entertainment venue in Porthcawl, Bridgend County Borough, Wales, opened on 8 August 1932 by Councillor Russell Mabley J.P., Chairman of P.U.D.C. It has an octagonal dome and extensive frontage, and was originally intended as a Palm Court for hosting tea dances, balls and civic functions. Construction of the Grand Pavilion commenced in the summer of 1931. The use of ferrocrete throughout – then a relatively new technology – meant that the construction was relatively quick and was completed by August 1932. The Grand Pavilion hosts a variety of events throughout the year, including live theatre, concerts, ballroom dancing, conferences, dances, and culminating in the ever-popular Christmas pantomime. Recently, names such as Rob Brydon, Eddie Izzard, Elkie Brooks, Cerys Matthews, Hayley Westenra, Katherine Jenkins, Suzi Quatro, Ralph McTell, Joe Pasquale, and Gerry & The Pacemakers have all appeared on the Pavilion's stage. In 1957, a US Government travel ban prevented Paul Robeson from appearing in person at the Miners' Eisteddfod. However, he still performed live via a secretly arranged transatlantic telephone link up. Fifty years on, in 2007, the Grand Pavilion celebrated its golden jubilee with a concert featuring Sir Willard White. The Grand Pavilion is also a conference venue, and hosts civil wedding ceremonies, receptions and parties. The main hall features a fully equipped stage, and has a theatre seating capacity of 643. The hall also boasts one of the finest sprung dance floors in South Wales. The octagonal floor is regularly used for ballroom dancing classes and tea dances. Originally named the "lesser hall" (and subsequently the "Jubilee Room") the basement of the Pavilion houses a refurbished performance space now named "The Stage Door", which plays host to regular comedy nights, folk and jazz nights, dance classes, theatre workshops, conferences and meetings. The Cafe Bar hosts its own series of events, such as Jazz, Chill-out sessions, Literary speaking and an Art Forum. Several metres to the west is the Seabank Hotel. References
Swansea Grand Theatre

Swansea Grand Theatre is a performing arts venue in the centre of Swansea, Wales. The theatre stages plays, pantomimes and touring theatrical acts visiting Swansea. Swansea Grand Theatre was the base for the UK's only Russian ballet company, the Swansea Ballet Russe. History The theatre opened in 1897. Erected on the site of the former 'Drill Hall' it was designed for proprietors H H Morell and F Mouillot by architect William Hope of Newcastle, built by D Jenkins and opened by Madame Adelina Patti - a locally resident operatic diva. In 1968, the Swansea Grand was threatened with closure but, following a campaign led by its manager and artistic director John Chilvers, the theatre was saved. The Swansea Corporation (City Council) leased the building in May 1969 and bought it outright in 1979. The theatre was then refurbished and updated between 1983 and 1987 at a cost of £6.5m. A further £1m was spent on an Arts Wing which opened in 1999 (opened by Catherine Zeta Jones). The City and County of Swansea continues to own, manage and fund the building today. Facilities Swansea Grand Theatre has a 1,014-seat auditorium and variety of smaller studios and rooms. The Arts Wing is the most recent development at the theatre, a space to host exhibitions, conferences and smaller-scale music and drama performances. These include Lunchtime Theatre on the last Saturday of each month, presented by Fluellen Theatre Company. Ballet Russe and other organisations Since September 1999, the Ballet Russe, formerly known as Swansea's Pavlov Ballet, has been based at the Swansea Grand Theatre. The company, which started in Bristol, is a group of young dancers, most whom trained in Russia at the Bolshoi and Kirov academies. They work as an ensemble under the artistic leadership of the Messerer family, and are able to put on full-length performances of Giselle, The Nutcracker, Coppélia, La Fille Mal Gardée and Swan Lake, and also give gala performances including extracts from Bayadere, Carnival of Venice, Don Quixote and Le Corsaire. Swansea Grand Theatre is also home to the Sir Harry Secombe Trust Youth Theatre, Fluellen Theatre Company, the Swansea Grand Theatre School of Dance and Mellin Theatre Arts, which hold classes, performances and workshops at the venue. References External links Swansea Grand Theatre Fluellen Theatre Company