Billings, Montana

Billings is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Montana. The population was 117,116 at the 2020 census, while the Billings metropolitan area has an estimated 193,000 people. Located in the south-central portion of the state, it is the county seat of Yellowstone County. Billings is the trade and distribution center for much of Montana east of the Continental Divide and has one of the largest trade areas in the United States. It is also the largest retail destination for much of the same area. The Billings Chamber of Commerce claims the area of commerce covers more than 125,000 square miles (320,000 km2). Billings was nicknamed the "Magic City" because of its rapid growth from its founding as a railroad town in March 1882. The nearby Crow and Cheyenne peoples call the city Ammalapáshkuua and É'êxováhtóva respectively, meaning 'where they cut wood', named as such because of a sawmill built in the area by early white settlers. The city has experienced rapid growth and maintains a strong economy. From 1969 to 2021, the Billings area population growth was 89%, compared to Montana's overall increase of 59%. With more hotel accommodations than any area within a five-state region, the city hosts a variety of conventions, concerts, sporting events, and other rallies. It provides services to the Bakken oil development 250 to 350 miles to the east, as well as the Heath Shale oil discovery north of Billings. Attractions in and around Billings include ZooMontana, the Yellowstone Art Museum, Pompey's Pillar, Pictograph Cave, Chief Plenty Coups State Park, Little Bighorn Battlefield, Bighorn Canyon, Red Lodge Mountain, and the Beartooth Highway. The northeast entrance to Yellowstone National Park is a little over 100 miles (160 km) from Billings. History Name The city is named for Frederick H. Billings, a former president of the Northern Pacific Railroad from Woodstock, Vermont. An earlier name for the area was Clark's Fork Bottom. The Crow people from the nearby Crow Indian Reservation call the city Ammalapáshkuua. It means 'where they cut wood', and is named as such because of a sawmill built in the area by early white settlers. The Cheyenne from the nearby Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation refer to the city as É'êxováhtóva, 'sawing place' and the Gros Ventre from the nearby Fort Belknap Indian Reservation refer to it as ʔóhuutébiθɔnɔ́ɔ́nh (lit. 'where they saw lumber'), both also named for the sawmill, or translations of the Crow name. Prehistory The downtown core and much of the rest of Billings is in the Yellowstone Valley, a canyon carved out by the Yellowstone River. Around 80 million years ago, the Billings area was on the shore of the Western Interior Seaway. The sea deposited sediment and sand around the shoreline. As the sea retreated, it left a deep layer of sand. Over millions of years, this sand was compressed into stone known as Eagle Sandstone. Over the last million years the river has carved its way down through this stone to form the canyon walls known as the Billings Rimrocks or the Rims. The Pictograph Caves are about five miles south of downtown. These caves contain over 100 pictographs (rock paintings), the oldest of which is over 2,000 years old. Approximately 30,000 artifacts (including stone tools and weapons) have been excavated from the site. These excavations have proven the area has been occupied since at least 2600 BC until after AD 1800. The Crow Indians have called the Billings area home since about 1700. The present-day Crow Nation is just south of Billings. Lewis and Clark Expedition In July 1806, William Clark (of the Lewis and Clark Expedition) passed through the Billings area. On July 25 he arrived at what is now known as Pompey's Pillar and wrote in his journal, "... at 4 P M arrived at a remarkable rock, I ascended this rock and from its top had a most extensive view in every direction." Clark carved his name and the date into the rock, leaving the only remaining physical evidence of their expedition. He named the place Pompey's Tower, naming it after the son of his Shoshone interpreter and guide Sacajawea. In 1965, Pompey's Pillar was designated as a national historic landmark, and was proclaimed a national monument in January 2001. An interpretive center has been built next to the monument. Coulson/Billings The area where Billings is today was known as Clark's Fork Bottom. Clark's Fork Bottom was to be the hub for hauling freight to Judith and Musselshell Basins. At the time these were some of the most productive areas of the Montana Territory. The plan was to run freight up Alkali Creek, now part of Billings Heights, to the basins and Fort Benton on the Hi-Line. In 1877, settlers from the Gallatin Valley area of the Montana Territory formed Coulson, the first town of the Yellowstone Valley. The town was started when John Alderson built a sawmill and convinced PW McAdow to open a general store and trading post on land Alderson owned on the bank of the Yellowstone River. The store went by the name of Headquarters, and soon other buildings and tents were built as the town began to grow. At this time before the coming of the railroad, most goods coming to and going from the Montana Territory were carried on paddle riverboats. It is believed it was decided to name the new town Coulson in an attempt to attract the Coulson Packet Company that ran riverboats between St. Louis and many points in the Montana Territory. In spite of their efforts the river was traversed only once by paddle riverboat to the point of the new town. Coulson was a rough town of dance halls and saloons and not a single church. The town needed a sheriff and the famous mountain man John "Liver-Eating" Johnson took the job. Many disagreements were settled with a gun in the coarse Wild West town, and a graveyard was soon needed. The result was Boothill Cemetery, so named because most of those interred were said to have died with their boots on. Today, Boothill Cemetery sits within Billings's city limits and is the only remaining physical evidence of Coulson's existence. When the railroad came to the area, Coulson residents were sure the town would become the railroads hub and Coulson would soon be the territory's largest city. The railroad only had claim to odd sections and it had two sections side-by-side about two miles west of Coulson. Being able to make far more money by creating a new town on these two sections the railroad decided to create the new town of Billings, the two towns existed side by side for a short time with a trolley even running between them. However, most of Coulson's residents moved to the new booming town of Billings. In the end, Coulson faded away, with the last remains of the town disappearing in the 1930s. Today Coulson Park, a Billings city park, sits on the river bank where Coulson once was. Early railroad town Named after the Northern Pacific Railway president Frederick H. Billings, the city was founded in 1882. The Railroad formed the city as a western railhead for its further westward expansion. At first the new town had only three buildings but within just a few months it had grown to over 2,000. This spurred Billings's nickname of the Magic City because, like magic, it seemed to appear overnight. The nearby town of Coulson appeared a far more likely site. Coulson was a rough-and-tumble town where arguments were often followed by gunplay. Liver-Eating Johnson was a lawman in Coulson. Perhaps the most famous person to be buried in Coulson's Boothill Cemetery is H.M. "Muggins" Taylor, the scout who carried the news of Custer's Last Stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn to the world. Most buried here were said to have died with their boots on. The town of Coulson had been on the Yellowstone River, which made it ideal for the commerce steamboats brought up the river. However, when the Montana & Minnesota Land Company oversaw the development of potential railroad land, they ignored Coulson, and platted the new town of Billings just a couple of miles to the northwest. Coulson quickly faded away; most of her residents were absorbed into Billings. Yet, for a short time, the two towns coexisted; a trolley even ran between them. But ultimately there was no future for Coulson as Billings grew. Though it stood on the banks of the Yellowstone River only a couple of miles from the heart of present-day downtown Billings, the city of Billings never built on the land where Coulson once stood. Today Coulson Park sits along the banks of the Yellowstone where the valley's first town once stood. 20th century By the 1910 census, Billings's population had risen to 10,031, ranking it the sixth fastest-growing community in the nation. Billings became an energy center in the early years of the twentieth century with the discovery of oil fields in Montana and Wyoming. Then the discovery of large natural gas and coal reserves secured the city's rank as first in energy. In the early 20th century, its served as regional trading center and energy hub for eastern Montana and northern Wyoming, an area then known as the Midland Empire. After World War II, Billings became the region's major financial, medical and cultural center. Billings has had rapid growth from its founding; in its first 50 years growth was, at times, as high as 200 to 300 percent per decade. Billings growth has remained robust throughout the years. In the 1950s, its growth rate was 66 percent. The 1973 oil embargo by OPEC spurred an oil boom in eastern Montana, northern Wyoming and western North Dakota. With this increase in oil production, Billings became the headquarters for energy sector companies. In 1975 and 1976, the Colstrip coal-fire generation plants 1 and 2 were completed; plants 3 and 4 started operating in 1984 and 1986. In the 1970s and 1980s, Billings saw major growth in its downtown core; the first high-rise buildings to be built in Montana were erected. In 1980, the 22-floor Sheraton Hotel was completed. Upon its completion, it was declared "the tallest load-bearing brick masonry building in the world" by the Brick Institute of America. During the 1970s and 1980s, other major buildings were constructed in the downtown core; the Norwest Building (now Wells Fargo), Granite Tower, Sage Tower, the MetraPark arena, the TransWestern Center, many new city-owned parking garages, and the First Interstate Center, the tallest building in Montana. With the completion of large sections of the interstate system in Montana in the 1970s, Billings became a shopping destination for an ever-larger area. The 1970s and 1980s saw new shopping districts and shopping centers developed in the Billings area. In addition to the other shopping centers, two new malls were developed, and Rimrock Mall was redeveloped and enlarged, on what was then the city's west end. Cross Roads Mall was built in Billings Heights, and West Park Plaza in Midtown. Several new business parks were also developed on the city's west end during this period. Billings was affected by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in May; the city received about 1-inch (25 mm) of ash on the ground. The Yellowstone fires of 1988 blanketed Billings in smoke for weeks. In the 1990s, the service sector in the city increased with the development of new shopping centers built around big box stores which built multiple outlets in the Billings area. With the addition of more interchange exits along I-90, additional hotel chains and service industry outlets are being built in Billings. Development of business parks and large residential developments on the city's west end, South Hills area, Lockwood, and the Billings Heights were all part of the 1990s. Billings received the All-America City Award in 1992. 21st century In the 21st century, Billings saw the development of operations centers in the city's business parks and downtown core by such national companies as GE, Wells Fargo, and First Interstate Bank. Downtown saw a renaissance of the historic area as building after building was restored, and Skypoint was completed in 2002, providing a defining area to host events. In 2007, Billings was designated a Preserve America Community. Billings avoided the economic downturn and housing bubble that affected most of the nation from 2008 to 2012. Eastern Montana and North Dakota experienced an energy boom due to the Bakken formation, the largest oil discovery in U.S. history. The boom stimulated the Billings economy, and during the same period, the city experienced healthy growth in the agricultural and healthcare sectors. In 2009, Fortune Small Business magazine named Billings the best small city in which to start a business. With the completion of the Shiloh interchange exit, the TransTech Center was developed and more hotels were built. In 2010 the Shiloh corridor was open for business with the completion of the Shiloh parkway, a 4.8-mile (7.7 km) multi-lane street with eight roundabouts. On June 20, 2010 (Father's Day), a tornado touched down in the downtown core and Heights sections of Billings. The MetraPark Arena and area businesses suffered major damage. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Billings did not experience the same rapid growth or housing supply issues as Bozeman or Missoula. However, the city did steadily grow at a rate of 2% to 3% per year during the early 2020s. Billings's urban core, like many downtowns across the United States, suffered from increased office vacancies. However, it was simultaneously transformed through major projects like the renovation of the former federal courthouse into the current Billings City Hall, the construction of a replacement hospital by Intermountain Health, and renewed retail activity in the historic district. In 2022, Billings received LEED Gold certification, the first city to do so in Montana and the 21st globally. Projects to achieve this status included increased efficiency at the water and wastewater treatment plant, adding electric city buses and EV charging stations, and creating the Shiloh Conservation Area on the West End. Continued growth required new infrastructure, such as the Billings Bypass—an arterial roadway connecting Lockwood to the Heights over the Yellowstone River. On the other side of the Heights, the long-planned Skyway Drive beltway opened in 2023, creating development opportunities to the north and west of the airport. Construction began in 2025 on the new West End Water Treatment Plant, which will include two reservoirs fed by the Billings Bench Water Association Canal. Geography Two-thirds of the city is in the Yellowstone Valley and the South Hills area and one-third in the Heights-Lockwood area. The city is divided by the Rims, long cliffs, also called the Rimrocks. The Rims run to the north and east of the downtown core, separating it from the Heights to the north and Lockwood to the east, with the cliffs to the north being 500 feet (150 m) tall and to the east of downtown, the face rises 800 feet (240 m). The elevation of Billings is 3,126 feet (953 m) above sea level. The Yellowstone River runs through the southeast portion of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 43.52 square miles (112.72 km2), of which 43.41 square miles (112.43 km2) is land and 0.11 square miles (0.28 km2) is water. Around Billings, seven mountain ranges can be viewed. The Bighorn Mountains have over 200 lakes and two peaks that rise to over 13,000 feet (4,000 m): Cloud Peak, at 13,167 ft (4,013 m) and Black Tooth Mountain, at 13,005 ft (3,964 m). The Pryor Mountains directly south of Billings rise to a height of 8,822 feet (2,689 m) and are unlike any other landscape in Montana. They are also home the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range. The Beartooth Mountains are the location of Granite Peak, which at 12,807 feet (3,904 m) is the highest point in the state of Montana. The Beartooth Highway, a series of steep zigzags and switchbacks along the Montana–Wyoming border, rises to 10,947 feet (3,337 m). It was called "the most beautiful drive in America" by Charles Kuralt. The Beartooth Mountains are just northeast of Yellowstone National Park. The Crazy Mountains to the west rise to a height of 11,209 feet (3,417 m) at Crazy Peak, the tallest peak in the range. Big Snowy Mountains, with peaks of 8,600 feet (2,600 m), are home to Crystal Lake. The Bull Mountains are a low-lying heavily forested range north of Billings Heights. The Absaroka Range stretches about 150 mi (240 km) across the Montana–Wyoming border, and 75 miles (121 km) at its widest, forming the eastern boundary of Yellowstone National Park. Climate Downtown Billings has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk) bordering humid continental climate at the Water Treatment Plant (Köppen: Dfa) even when using the 27 °F (−3 °C) isotherm or at either weather station if using the 32 °F (0 °C) isotherm, with dry, hot summers, and cold, dry winters. However, Billings Logan International Airport borders on an extremely marginal humid subtropical climate (Koppen: Cfa) when using the 27 °F (−3 °C) isotherm. In the summer, the temperature can rise to over 100 °F (37.8 °C) on an average of 1 to 3 days per year, while the winter will bring temperatures below 0 °F or −17.8 °C on an average of 12.9 days per year. The snowfall averages 57.4 inches (146 cm) a year, but because of warm chinook winds that pass through the region during the winter, snow does not usually accumulate heavily or remain on the ground for long: the greatest depth has been 33 inches (84 cm) on April 5, 1955, after a huge storm which dumped 4.22 inches (107 mm) of water equivalent precipitation as snow in the previous three days under temperatures averaging 26.7 °F (−2.9 °C). The snowiest year on record was 2017–18, with 106.1 inches (269 cm), topping the 2013–14 previous record of 103.5 inches (263 cm). The first freeze of the season on average arrives by October 6 and the last is May 5. Spring and autumn in Billings are usually mild, but brief. Winds, while strong at times, are considered light compared with the rest of Montana and the Rocky Mountain Front. On June 20, 2010, a tornado touched down in the Billings Heights and Downtown sections of the city. The tornado was accompanied by hail up to golf ball size, dangerous cloud-to-ground lightning, and heavy winds. The tornado destroyed a number of businesses and severely damaged the 12,000-seat MetraPark Arena. See or edit raw graph data. Neighborhoods and sections Billings has 10 sections within its city limits, most of which have their own designated neighborhood task forces. The South Side is one of the oldest residential areas in the city, and it is the city's most culturally diverse neighborhood. Its South Park is an old-growth City park, host to several food fairs and festivals in the summer months. Clark Avenue in the Terry–Central Park neighborhood is home to many of Billings's first mansions. Midtown, the most densely populated portion of the city is in the midst of gentrification on a level few, if any, areas in Montana have ever seen. New growth is mainly concentrated on Billings's West End, where Shiloh Crossing is a new commercial development, anchored by Scheels, Montana's largest retail store. Residentially, the West End is characterized by upper income households. Denser, more urban growth is occurring in the Southwest Corridor's Josephine Crossing, one of Billings's many new contemporary neighborhoods. Downtown is a blend of small businesses and office space, together with restaurants and a walkable brewery district. The Heights, defined as the area of the city northeast of the Metra, is predominantly residential, and a new school was completed in 2016 to accommodate growth in the neighborhood. The Rimrocks ("Rims") separate the Heights from Downtown. Tallest buildings The tallest building in Billings and Montana is the First Interstate Center, which stands at 272 feet (83 m) and 20 floors above ground level. The second-tallest building in Billings is the DoubleTree Hotel, which stands 256 feet (78 m). The building has been called the tallest load-bearing brick structure in the world; however, the Guinness World Records awards that title to Chicago's Monadnock Building. The Wells Fargo Building, formerly the Norwest Bank Building, was the tallest building in Montana from 1977 until 1980. Surrounding areas Billings is the principal city of the Billings Metropolitan Statistical Area. The metropolitan area consists of three counties: Yellowstone, Stillwater, and Carbon. The population of the entire metropolitan area was at 184,167 in the 2020 Census. Demographics 2020 census 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 104,170 people, 43,945 households, and 26,194 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,399.7 inhabitants per square mile (926.5/km2). There were 46,317 housing units at an average density of 1,067.0 per square mile (412.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.6% White, 4.4% Native American, 0.8% Black, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.2% of the population. There were 43,945 households, of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.4% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.6% of residents under the age of 18; 9.8% between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% from 25 to 44; 26.3% from 45 to 64; and 15% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age in the city was 37.5 years. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. Income As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $35,147, and the median income for a family was $45,032. The per capita income for the city was $19,207. As of 2021, the median household income had risen to $63,608, slightly higher than the statewide median income of $60,560. Per capita income was $37,976. About 9.2% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over. 36.6% of the population has a bachelor's degree or higher. Economy Billings's future as a major trade and distribution center was basically assured from its founding due to its geographic location. As Billings quickly became the region's economic hub, it outgrew the other cities in the region. The Billings trade area serves over a half million people. Because Montana has no sales tax, Billings is a retail destination for much of Wyoming as well as much of Montana east of the Continental Divide. $1 out of every $7 spent on retail purchases in Montana is spent in Billings. The percentage of wholesale business transactions done in Billings is even stronger: Billings accounts for more than a quarter of the wholesale business for the entire state (these figures do not include Billings portion of sales for Wyoming and the Dakotas). The largest employment sector in Billings is healthcare and social assistance. Billings Clinic and Intermountain Health, which operate hospitals in the growing medical corridor, each have over 1,000 employees. Further healthcare facilities include dozens of clinics, RiverStone Health, and Advanced Care Hospital of Montana, a long-term care hospital operated by Ernest Health. St. John's United, with multiple campuses in Billings, provides services such as senior living, elder care, outpatient therapy, and hospice care. Billings contributes to Montana's agricultural economy with the Western Sugar Cooperative Plant, processing multi-million dollar crops of sugar beets each year. Other crops include alfalfa, wheat, barley, and corn. Billings has two livestock auction locations out of the 13 statewide. Several farm and ranch supply stores are located in Billings, providing for the large retail radius the city serves. Billings is an energy center because it sits amidst the largest coal reserves in the United States, as well as large oil and natural gas fields. Out of Montana's four oil refineries, the largest three are in Yellowstone County. Montana has about three-tenths of the nation's estimated recoverable coal reserves. Kampgrounds of America and First Interstate Bank are headquartered in Billings. The city also has manufacturing facilities for Coca-Cola, Franz Bakery, and Meadow Gold. Arts and culture Museums Museums in Billings are concentrated in and around downtown. The Moss Mansion is a historic house museum built in 1913 by influential businessman P. B. Moss. The Western Heritage Center, housed in the former public library, creates exhibits and programming to tell the stories of historical people and places. The Yellowstone Art Museum spotlights contemporary art. The Yellowstone County Museum, on the grounds of the Billings Logan International Airport, includes a steam engine and log cabin. The Wise Wonders Science and Discovery Museum engages children and families with an interactive learning environment. East of Billings in Osborn is the Huntley Project Museum, dedicated to the communities impacted by the 1907 Huntley Project. Historic landmarks inside the city include the Billings Depot, Boothill Cemetery, and Yellowstone Kelly's grave. Billings is near Pompey's Pillar, Pictograph Cave, Chief Plenty Coups State Park, and the Little Bighorn Battlefield. Libraries Billings Public Library serves Billings and Yellowstone County. It was founded in 1901 in honor of Parmly Billings. The current downtown facility opened in 2014. Zoos ZooMontana is a 70-acre (28 ha) zoo and botanical garden on the West End. It is the only accredited zoo in the state. Venues MetraPark The First Interstate Arena at MetraPark is a 12,000-seat multi-purpose building that was completed in 1975. It is the largest indoor venue in Montana and is used for concerts, rodeos, ice shows, motor sports events, and more. Other facilities at MetraPark include the Outdoor Arena, Montana Pavilion, and Expo Center. Alberta Bair Theater The Alberta Bair Theater is a 1,400-seat performing arts venue noted for its 20-ton capacity hydraulic lift that raises and lowers the stage apron. Opened in 1931 as the Fox Theater, it was renamed in 1987 in honor of Alberta Bair and her substantial donations that helped fund the building's renovation. Eagle Seeker Community Center Built in 1950, the Eagle Seeker Community Center (formerly the Shrine Auditorium) is a smaller, cost-effective venue that has hosted national shows. It seats 2,340 for concerts and offers 550 off-street parking spots. Dehler Park Dehler Park is a multi-use stadium that is home of the Billings Mustangs, a Pioneer League baseball team. It replaced Cobb Field and Athletic Park swimming pool in the summer of 2008. Dehler Park has a capacity of 3,500 to over 6,000. Daylis Stadium Daylis Stadium is used for high school athletics. It is next to Billings Senior High School and was rebuilt in 2026. Centennial Ice Arena Centennial Ice Arena is home to the Billings Amateur Hockey League, Figure Skating Clubs, and Adult Hockey. Babcock Theatre The Babcock Theatre is a 750-seat venue in Billings, Montana. It was built in 1907 and, at the time, was considered the largest theater between Minneapolis and Seattle. It hosts events and shows movies by Art House Cinema. Alterowitz Gym Alterowitz Gym, in the Physical Education Building on the Montana State University Billings campus, is a 4,000-seat venue on the campus that primarily hosts collegiate sports, local events, and some national touring events. The building has gyms, racket ball courts as well as an Olympic-size pool with bleachers for aquatic events. Fortin Center Fortin Center is a 3,000-seat arena on the campus of Rocky Mountain College used primarily for the college's sporting events. Arts The Billings Symphony, established in 1951, includes an orchestra, chorale, and youth orchestra. The Billings Symphony presents a regular annual season that includes a summer concert at Pioneer Park. Other concert acts include the Yellowstone Chamber Players and Billings Community Band. Touring theatre shows typically play at the Alberta Bair Theatre. Local theatre, including plays and musicals, is provided by NOVA Center for the Performing Arts and Billings Studio Theater. Local production organizations include Yellowstone Repertory Theatre and Backyard Theatre. Events Billings hosts a number of annual festivals and events, including: Breweries and distilleries With nine microbreweries in the metropolitan area, Billings has more breweries than any community in Montana. The downtown breweries include Montana Brewing Co., Thirsty Street Tap Room, Angry Hank's Tap Room, Carters Brewery, and Überbrew. Downtown Billings is also home to two distilleries, offering a variety of handcrafted spirits and cocktails. The West End is the location of several other breweries and a third distillery. The Billings Brew Trail features all of the distilleries and breweries across the city, as well as a cider house and a winery. Sports The Billings Mustangs are an independent Pioneer League baseball team. The team plays home games at Dehler Park. The Billings Cattle Punchers are a Tier II junior ice hockey team in the National Collegiate Development Conference (NCDC), set to begin in the 2026–27 season. The team will play at Signal Peak Energy Arena. Annual sporting events include the Big Sky State Games and the Northern International Livestock Exposition (NILE) Rodeo. The Great American Hill Climb, a motorcycle race, has been held annually since 1918. Parks and recreation Within Billings, there are approximately 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) of parkland and natural areas available for public recreation. Parkland is largely concentrated along the Rimrocks, including Four Dances Natural Area, Zimmerman Park, and Swords Park; and the Yellowstone River corridor, including Riverfront Park, Two Moon Park, and Coulson Park. Billings has approximately 90 playgrounds, 65 basketball courts, and 35 tennis courts in total. Specialized facilities include the Downtown Skate Park, four disc golf courses, and two dog parks. The city operates swimming pools in Rose Park and South Park. Some other neighborhood parks have spray grounds or wading ponds. Neighborhood parks are more common near the urban core than in the West End or the Heights. The oldest neighborhood parks are North Park, which once served as a fairgrounds, and South Park, which anchors the historic South Side. Pioneer Park, known for its wooded grounds and winding walkways, was dedicated in 1932 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Lake Elmo State Park provides public access to a 64-acre (26 ha) reservoir in the Billings Heights. Government Billings is the county seat of Yellowstone County, the most populous county in Montana. It is also the location of the James F. Battin Federal Courthouse, one of five federal courthouses for the District of Montana. Billings is governed via the mayor council system. There are ten members of the city council who are elected from one of five wards with each ward electing two members. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. Both the mayor and council members are officially nonpartisan. The city charter, also called the Billings, Montana City Code (BMCC) was established 1977. Unlike some other cities in Montana, Billings's city ordinances do not contain provisions that forbid discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. An effort to pass a non-discrimination ordinance in Billings failed in 2014, after then-mayor Tom Hanel cast a tie-breaking vote against it at the conclusion of a meeting that lasted 8.5 hours. An effort to introduce an NDO measure to the City Council was briefly floated in September 2019, but was abandoned approximately a month later. Another vote to consider a non-discrimination ordinance failed in February 2020. Education Primary and secondary Public Billings Public Schools has two components: Billings Elementary School District and Billings High School District. There are six elementary school districts covering portions of Billings. Most of the city is in Billings Elementary School District, and other portions are in Elysian Elementary School District, Elder Grove Elementary School District, Canyon Creek Elementary School District, Blue Creek Elementary School District, and Independent Elementary School District. All of Billings is in Billings High School District. Billings Public Schools consists of 21 elementary schools, six middle schools, and three high schools (Senior High, Skyview High, and West High) that have approximately 16,120 students and 1,850 full-time employees. District 3, Independent, and Elder Grove School Districts each have one elementary school, those being Blue Creek Elementary, Elder Grove Elementary, and Independent Elementary, respectively. Canyon Creek School District operates Canyon Creek School, which serves grades K–8. Private Billings Catholic Schools Billings Central Catholic High School (grades 9–12) St. Francis Catholic School (grades K–8) Billings Christian Schools (grades Pre–12) Billings Educational Academy (grades K–12) Grace Montessori Academy (grades Pre–8) Mount Olive Lutheran School (grades Pre-8) Sunrise Montessori (grades Pre–5) Trinity Lutheran School (grades K–8) Colleges and universities Montana State University Billings Montana State University Billings is a public university affiliated with the Montana University System. It offers associate/bachelor's/master's degrees and certificates in fields such as business, education, and medicine. Around 4,100 students attend MSU Billings. The institution was founded in 1927 as a normal school, and was known as Eastern Montana College from 1949 to 1994. City College at MSU Billings is the "comprehensive two-year college arm" of MSU Billings. The college offers degrees and programs in fields including automotive, business, computer technology, and nursing. It was established in 1969 as the Billings Vocational-Technical Education Center, and merged with MSU Billings (Eastern Montana College) in 1994. Rocky Mountain College Rocky Mountain College is a private institution that offers majors in fields including art, education, music, psychology, and theater. Around 1,000 students attend the institution. RMC is affiliated with the United Church of Christ, the United Methodist Church, and the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Through the marriage of three earlier entities, Rocky Mountain College is Montana's oldest institution of higher learning. The campus that became RMC was known as the Billings Polytechnic Institute until 1947, when it joined the Montana Collegiate Institute in Deer Lodge (Montana's first institution of higher learning) and Intermountain Union College in Helena to form to Rocky Mountain College. Rocky Vista University Rocky Vista University, a private for-profit school of osteopathic medicine, operates the Montana College of Osteopathic Medicine. The campus, completed in 2023, is located on the West End. Classes began the same year. The university plans to establish a College of Veterinary Medicine at the Billings campus by 2026. Other college and universities Montana Bible College is a small, private, religious institution that offers undergraduate degrees. Around 40 students attend the college. Other institutions that maintain a Billings presence include Walla Walla University, the University of Mary, and the Montana State University College of Nursing. Yellowstone Christian College was headquartered in Billings from 1974 to 2021, when it moved to Kalispell. Media Newspapers The largest media market in Montana and Wyoming, Billings is serviced by a variety of print media. Newspaper service includes the Billings Gazette, a daily morning broadsheet newspaper owned by Lee Enterprises. It is the largest daily newspaper in Montana. The Gazette publishes three editions: the state edition, which circulates in most of Eastern Montana and all of South Central Montana; the Wyoming edition, which circulates in Northern Wyoming; and the city edition, which circulates in Yellowstone County. Yellowstone County News is the next leading print newspaper, owned by Jonathan & Tana McNiven. It is published on a weekly basis and provides news and columns for "Yellowstone County and the communities of Lockwood, Shepherd, Huntley, Worden, Ballanatine, Pompey's Pillar, Custer and Billings." It is also recognized as the Publication of Record for both the City of Billings and Yellowstone County. Magazines Billings has several community magazines including Magic City Magazine, which features local feature stories and unique human interest pieces, and Yellowstone Valley Woman. Television and radio The Billings area has four major non-news television stations, two major news television stations, one community television station, four PBS channels and several Low-Power Television (LPTV) channels. The major TV stations include KTVQ channel 2 (CBS affiliate and part of the Montana Television Network [MTN]), KHMT channel 4 (FOX affiliate), KSVI channel 6 (ABC affiliate with The CW on DT2), KULR-TV channel 8 (NBC affiliate) and PBS member station KBGS-TV on channel 16. It is also served by twenty-two commercial radio stations, Yellowstone Public Radio (NPR), and a Low-Power (LP) radio station. KFHW-LP is a radio station at 101.1 FM in Billings, an extension of the Yellowstone County News, also known as "YCN Radio" and/or "YCN Sports & Radio." Infrastructure Several large irrigation ditches, including the Billings Bench Water Association Canal, run through Billings. Transportation Airports Billings Logan International Airport is close to downtown; it sits on top of the Rims, a 500-foot (150 m) cliff that overlooks the downtown core. Scheduled passenger service and air cargo flights operate from this airfield. The Laurel Municipal Airport is a publicly owned public-use airport in Laurel, Montana, eleven miles (18 km) southwest of downtown Billings. It has three runways exclusively serving privately operated general aviation aircraft and helicopters. Public transportation The Billings METropolitan Transit is Billings's public transit system. MET Transit provides fixed-route and paratransit bus service to the City of Billings. All MET buses are accessible by citizens who use wheelchairs and other mobility devices. They are wheelchair lift-equipped and accessible to all citizens who are unable to use the stairs. MET buses are equipped with bike racks for their bike-riding passengers. There are Westend and Downtown transit centers allowing passengers to connect with all routes. The Billings Bus Terminal is served by Express Arrow, Greyhound, and Jefferson Lines, which also provide regional and interstate bus service. Trail system Billings has over 50 miles of trails running in and around the city. This includes approximately seven continuous miles of trails along the top of the Rimrocks. Highways Interstate 90 runs east–west through the southern portion of Billings, serving as a corridor between Billings Heights, Lockwood, Downtown, South Hills, Westend, Shiloh, and Laurel. East of Downtown, between Billings Heights and Lockwood, Interstate 90 connects with Interstate 94, which serves as an east–west corridor between Shepherd, Huntley, Lockwood, Downtown, South Hills, Westend, Shiloh, and Laurel via its connection with I-90. Montana Highway 3 is a north–south highway that runs along the edge of the North Rims connecting Downtown and the West End with the Rehberg Ranch, Indian Cliffs, and Billings Heights. U.S. Highway 87 runs through the center of Billings Heights and is known as Main Street within the city limits. This is the busiest section of roadway in the state of Montana. It connects to U.S. Highway 87 East, which runs through Lockwood as Old Hardin Road. The Billings Bypass will create a new and more direct connection between the Billings Heights and Lockwood by connecting I-90 with Montana Highway 87 and Old Highway 312. The project will include a new bridge over the Yellowstone River (completed in 2023) and the reconstruction of the I-90 Johnson Lane Interchange. The Billings Bypass is tentatively set for completion in 2027. Rail There is currently no service, though until 1979 Amtrak's North Coast Hiawatha stopped at the Billings Depot, serving a Chicago to Seattle route. Before Amtrak, Billings was well-served by Northern Pacific, Great Northern, and Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy railroads with direct routes to Kansas City, Denver, Chicago, Great Falls, and the West Coast. (Billings was the northern and western terminus for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad). The Big Sky Passenger Rail Authority was formed in 2020 to advocate for restoring Amtrak's North Coast Hiawatha route. In 2023, the organization was awarded $500,000 by the Corridor Identification and Development Program to explore the proposal's logistics and feasibility. The North Coast Hiawatha received further recognition from its identification in the 2024 Amtrak Daily Long-Distance Service Study. Healthcare The city's rapidly growing healthcare sector employed nearly 13,000 people in 2012; they earned $641 million in wages, or about 20 percent of all wages in the city. Employment doubled in 25 years and wage rates in constant dollars grew by 162 percent. The city has two hospitals with Level I Trauma Center status: St. Vincent Regional Hospital and Billings Clinic. Other medical facilities include the Northern Rockies Radiation Oncology Center, Rimrock Foundation (addiction treatment both inpatient and outpatient), Advanced Care Hospital of Montana (a 40-bed long-term acute-care hospital), South Central Montana Mental Health Center, Billings VA Community-Based Outpatient Clinic, RiverStone Health, HealthSouth Surgery Center and Physical Therapy offices, Baxter/Travenol BioLife plasma collection center, and many independent practices. St. Vincent Regional Hospital St. Vincent Regional Hospital was founded in 1898 by the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth as St. Vincent Hospital. The name was changed to the present name in 2024. In 2011, the hospital and its 30 clinics employed approximately 2,100 people and received more than 400,000 patient visits each year. In 2022, the hospital announced plans to build a new 295-bed facility as a replacement for its current building. The following year, it achieved Level I Trauma Center status. It is the second largest hospital in the state, behind Billings Clinic. St. Vincent Regional Hospital is run by Intermountain Health, which operates over 30 hospitals across the mountain west, including two others in Montana. Billings Clinic Billings Clinic started in 1911 as the general practice of Dr. Arthur J. Movius. By 1939, three new general practitioners had joined Dr. Movius's practice and the name was changed to The Billings Clinic. Billings Deaconess Hospital (founded in 1907) merged with Billings Clinic in 1990 to form the current hospital. Billings Clinic now employs over 4,500 people, including nearly 600 physicians, and is one of the largest employers in Montana. In January 2013, Billings Clinic was added to the Mayo Clinic Care Network, only the 12th hospital nationally to be added to the network and the only such health system in Montana. In 2023, Billings Clinic became the first Level I Trauma Center in Montana and Wyoming, covering a region of nearly 550 miles. Public safety The Billings Police Department is the main law enforcement agency in Billings. It is the largest city police force in Montana, with about 162 sworn officers and 80 civilian employees. There are nine police beats. The Billings Fire Department was founded in 1883 as a volunteer fire company named the Billings Fire Brigade. The Yellowstone Hook and Ladder Company was founded in 1886; that company was disbanded in 1888 after the mayor criticized the group for how that handled a fire, leaving the town without a fire department for almost six months. The last volunteer fire company, Maverick Hose Company, served as the city's fire department until 1918. The modern fire department has eight stations, employs 179 people, and received a class two rating by ISO. Notable people More widely famous people who have lived in Billings include: Historical Frank Borman, astronaut Albert D. Cooley, aviator and Lieutenant general, USMC; Navy Cross Will James, artist and author Calamity Jane, frontierswoman Liver-Eating Johnson, mountain man and sheriff Terry C. Johnston, western novelist Charles Lindbergh, aviator Sports Gary Albright, wrestler Carolin Babcock, tennis player Jeff Ballard, Major League Baseball pitcher Ed Breding, former NFL player Julie Brown, distance runner Kurt Burris, former NFL player Mike Burton, Olympic gold medalist in swimming Ruben Castillo, boxer Jim Creighton, former NBA player Mitch Donahue, former NFL player Dwan Edwards, NFL player Brad Holland, former NBA player Chris Horn, former AFL and NFL player Dave McNally, Major League Baseball pitcher Roy McPipe, former ABA player Andy Moog, former NHL player Brent Musburger, sportscaster Nich Pertuit, football player Kirk Scrafford, former NFL player Greg Smith, former NHL player Leslie Spalding, LPGA golfer Keith Wortman, former NFL player Arts and entertainment Carson Allen, singer and musician Stanley Anderson, actor Katie Blair, Miss Montana Teen USA 2006, Miss Teen USA 2006 John Dahl, movie director Timothy DeLaGhetto, internet and television personality Annie Duke, professional poker player and author Bob Enevoldsen, jazz multi-instrumentalist Andrea Fraser, artist Arlo Guthrie, folk singer Ethel Hays, cartoonist and illustrator David T. Hanson, environmental photographer Will James, western artist Brandon Jovanovich, opera singer Wesley Kimler, artist Jeff Kober, actor Leo Kottke, musician Wally Kurth, actor Joyce La Mers, author of light poetry Bud Luckey, Academy Award Nominee, famed Pixar animator for Toy Story 1–3 Helen Lynch, actress T. J. Lynch, screenwriter Stan Lynde, creator of the comic strip Rick O'Shay, painter, and novelist Chase McBride, singer, musician, and visual artist Ralph McQuarrie, Academy Award-winning designer for Cocoon, the original Star Wars trilogy, the original Battlestar Galactica, and E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial Marlene Morrow, former Playboy Playmate of the Month J. K. Ralston, Western painter Chan Romero, pioneer of rock and roll was born in Billings Rick Rydell, talk radio host Pete Simpson, musician and television performer in the 1950s in Billings; later member of the Wyoming House of Representatives; Republican nominee for governor of Wyoming in 1986. Auggie Smith, comedian Carol Thurston, actress Chuck Tingle, two-time Hugo Award nominee David Yost, actor and producer, most notably the Blue Power Ranger on the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Political James F. Battin, former congressman from Montana Jim Battin, California state senator Shane Bemis, Mayor of Gresham, Oregon John Bohlinger, former lieutenant governor of Montana Roy Brown, former Montana state senator for District 25 and former gubernatorial candidate Conrad Burns, served in the U.S. Senate from 1988 to 2007 Amanda Curtis, Montana state representative for District 76 and U.S. Senate Democratic candidate Hazel Hunkins Hallinan, women's rights activist and journalist Mike Mansfield, U.S. representative and U.S. senator for Montana, longest-serving Senate majority leader for Democratic Party, and U.S. Ambassador to Japan Jonathan McNiven, former Montana state representative Ray Metcalfe, member of the Alaska House of Representatives Henry L. Myers, U.S. senator and justice of the Supreme Court of Montana Denny Rehberg, former congressman from Montana and former lieutenant governor of Montana Tom Stout, former congressman from Montana and editorial writer for the Billings Gazette Burt L. Talcott, former congressman from California Sister cities Billings, Hessen, Germany Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan See also The USS Billings (LCS-15), a Freedom-class littoral combat ship of the United States Navy that is named after the city of Billings References Further reading Hardt, Mark D. "The Emergence of a Competitive Core: Bifurcation Dynamics in Billings, Montana." in Downtowns: Revitalizing the Centers of Small Urban Communities (2013). Mandler, Lou. "Billings and Beyond." Montana; The Magazine of Western History 68.4 (2018): 53–96, focus on the progressive vision of mayor Willard Fraser, elected mayor of Billings four times between 1963 and 1971. Kliewer, Waldo O. "The Foundations of Billings, Montana." Pacific Northwest Quarterly 31.3 (1940): 255–283. online Van West, Carroll. Capitalism on the frontier: Billings and the Yellowstone Valley in the nineteenth century (U of Nebraska Press, 1993) online. Van West, Carroll. Images of Billings: A Photographic History (Billings: Western Heritage Press, 1990) Wright, Kathryn. Billings: The Magic City and How It Grew (Billings: K. H. Wright, 1978) An Illustrated History of the Yellowstone Valley, State of Montana (Spokane, Wash.: Western Historical Publishing Company, 1907) External links City of Billings Billings Chamber of Commerce