NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Aloha Tower

La Aloha Tower est un ancien phare, considéré comme l'un des lieux emblématiques d'Hawaï aux États-Unis. La tour fut un phare qui accueillait les navires dans la ville et le comté d'Honolulu sur l'île d'Oahu. Tout comme la statue de la Liberté accueillait chaque année des centaines de milliers d'immigrants à New York, la tour Aloha accueillait des centaines de milliers d'immigrants à Honolulu. Description Ouverte le 11 septembre 1926 pour un coût alors astronomique de 160 000 dollars, la Aloha Tower se trouve sur le quai no 9 du port d'Honolulu (en). Construite dans le style gothique hawaïen (en) sous la direction de l'architecte Arthur L. Reynolds, elle est haute de 10 étages pour 56 m (12 de plus avec le mat du drapeau) ; elle a été pendant quatre décennies la plus haute structure d'Hawaï. Attaque de Pearl Harbor Lors de l'attaque de Pearl Harbor, le 7 décembre 1941, les garde-côtes de l'USCGC Taney ont reçu l'ordre de prendre des positions défensives autour de la tour Aloha et de la protéger contre l'occupation. La tour Aloha a été peinte en camouflage pour disparaître la nuit. Références (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Aloha Tower » (voir la liste des auteurs). Voir aussi Lien connexe Liste des phares à Hawaï Liens externes Ressources relatives à l'architecture : Registre national des lieux historiques Structurae (en) Lighthouses of the United States : Hawai'i (en) Aloha Tower - Site Lightphotos.net (en) Liste ARLHS - Hawaii (en) Hawaii - Online list of lights Aloha Tower - Hawaii Lighthouses Portail des phares Portail du Registre national des lieux historiques Portail de l’océan Pacifique Portail d’Hawaï
Aloha Tower

L'Aloha Tower è un faro situato presso il porto di Honolulu, capitale delle Hawaii, negli Stati Uniti. Storia Costata 160.000 dollari, cifra enorme per l'epoca, venne inaugurata l'11 settembre 1926 al molo 9 del porto di Honolulu. La sua altezza di 56 metri (a cui si aggiungevano 12 metri di bandiera) la resero per circa quattro decenni l'edificio più alto di tutte le Hawaii, mentre il suo orologio fu in passato uno dei più grandi di tutti gli Stati Uniti. Il faro poteva essere visto dal mare a una distanza di 15 miglia. Nel periodo immediatamente successivo all'attacco di Pearl Harbor, avvenuto il 7 dicembre 1941, la marina militare statunitense spense il faro e assunse il controllo dell'intera struttura, la quale fu dipinta con colori mimetici al fine di ridurne il rilevamento. Il 13 maggio 1976 l'Aloha Tower entrò nel registro nazionale dei luoghi storici. Nel 1981, l'allora Governatore delle Hawaii e il locale dipartimento per gli affari, lo sviluppo economico e il turismo istituirono l'Aloha Tower Development Corporation, una società pubblica incaricata di sviluppare l'area intorno alla torre, fornendo allo stesso tempo ai residenti delle Hawaii un ampio accesso al lungomare del centro. Il progetto di rivitalizzazione commerciale della zona della torre e del porto di Honolulu continuò nel corso dei decenni a seguire. Oggi il faro non è più attivo, tuttavia l'Aloha Tower ospita un osservatorio ed è tuttora un porto di attracco per le navi da crociera. Note Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Aloha Tower Collegamenti esterni Sito ufficiale, su alohatower.com. Aloha Tower, su archINFORM. (EN) Aloha Tower, su Structurae.
Aloha Tower

De Aloha Tower is een toren die gezien wordt als een van de grote monumenten van Hawaii. De toren is gelegen aan Pier 9 in Honolulu. De kosten van de bouw waren $160.000, destijds een astronomisch bedrag. Op 11 september 1926 werd het gebouw officieel geopend. Net zoals het Vrijheidsbeeld elk jaar honderdduizenden immigranten begroet in New York, begroet de Aloha Tower de honderdduizenden immigranten die aankomen in Honolulu. Met 56 meter hoogte en een vlaggenmast van nog eens 12 meter was het gebouw gedurende vier decennia het hoogste gebouw van de staat. Tijdens de aanval op Pearl Harbor op 7 december 1941 werd een groep soldaten speciaal aangesteld om de toren te beschermen. Gedurende de rest van de Tweede Wereldoorlog werd het gebouw gecamoufleerd, waardoor het 's nachts leek te verdwijnen, om te voorkomen dat het vernietigd zou worden. Externe links Aloha Tower Aloha Tower Development Corporation
Алоха (башня)

Башня Алоха (англ. Aloha Tower) — маяк, часовая и смотровая башня, расположенная на пирсе № 9 бухты Гонолулу (Гонолулу, Гавайи, США). Описание Башня Алоха имеет 10 этажей, собственную высоту 56,1 метров плюс флагшток высотой 12,2 метров, на котором установлен шар времени. Со всех четырёх сторон расположены бронзовые циферблаты диаметром по 3,7 метров и весом по 7 тонн. В 7, 12 и 16 часов на башне срабатывала сирена, сигнализирующая о точном времени, но позднее её стали использовать только для встречи прибывающих кораблей, а также для предупреждения жителей о цунами или пожаре. На протяжении 33 лет этот маяк оставался самым высоким сооружением Гавайев пока не был открыт торговый центр Ala Moana Center. Башня возведена в традиционном «гавайском стиле». Стоимость строительства составила огромную по тем временам (1926 год) сумму 190 000 долларов (более 2 585 000 долларов в ценах 2016 года). Смотровая площадка на 10 этаже открыта для посетителей ежедневно с 9-30 до 17-00, в неделю её посещают более 5000 человек, вместимость площадки составляет 24 человека единовременно. История Строительство Башни Алоха началось в 1924 году, и 1 июля 1926 года её маяк, видимый за 20 миль, начал работу. Он сразу был автоматизирован и обходился правительству в 50 долларов в год (жалованье смотрителю составило бы около 1500 долларов в год). 11 сентября того же года состоялось торжественное открытие здания. После нападения на Пёрл-Харбор 7 декабря 1941 года маяк немедленно был выкрашен в камуфляжный окрас и потушен до конца Второй мировой войны. В 1948 году состоялось повторное торжественное открытие башни, коричнево-зелёные разводы с неё были смыты. В конце 1960-х годов в окрестностях Алохи стали появляться высотные здания, и поэтому было принято решение снять с неё навигационные функции. Сигнальный огонь был перемещён на телебашню, а в 1975 году заработал новый маяк на пирсе № 2. 13 мая 1976 года башня была внесена в Национальный реестр исторических мест США. В 1981 году была основана государственная корпорация Aloha Tower Development Corporation, которая занялась ремонтом и модернизацией башни Алоха и прилегающей территории. Крупная реконструкция была произведена в 1994 году, при этом ни одного цента на это не было взято с налогоплательщиков. Также башня была закрыта на ремонт с 1997 года по апрель 1999 года. Примечания Ссылки На Викискладе есть медиафайлы по теме Башня Алоха Официальный сайт башни (англ.)
3.67 m Advanced Electro Optical System Telescope

The 3.67 m Advanced Electro Optical System Telescope is a Department of Defense telescope at Haleakala Observatory. The telescope is part of the Maui Space Surveillance Complex (MSSC), which in turn is part of the Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Site (AMOS). The 3.67-meter telescope, known as the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS), owned by the Department of Defense, is the United States' largest optical telescope designed for tracking satellites. The 75-ton AEOS telescope points and tracks very accurately, yet is fast enough to track both low-Earth satellites and ballistic missiles. It can slew at nearly 20 degrees per second. It is an f/200 instrument and has an extremely narrow field of view. AEOS can be used simultaneously by many groups or institutions because its light can be channeled through a series of mirrors to seven independent Coudé focus rooms below the telescope. Employing sophisticated sensors that include an adaptive optics system, radiometer, spectrograph, and long-wave infrared imager, the telescope tracks man-made objects in deep space and performs space object identification data collection. AEOS is equipped with an adaptive optics system, the heart of which is a 941-actuator deformable mirror that can change its shape to remove the atmosphere's distorting effects. Scientists are expected to get near-diffraction-limited images of space objects. See also Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing observatory List of largest optical reflecting telescopes References External links Media related to Advanced Electro Optical System Telescope at Wikimedia Commons
3.67 m Advanced Electro Optical System Telescope

Le 3.67 m Advanced Electro Optical System Telescope est un télescope du département de la Défense des États-Unis situé à l'observatoire du Haleakalā. Le télescope fait partie du complexe de surveillance spatiale de Maui (MSSC), qui lui même est un sous-ensemble du Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Site (AMOS). Le télescope de 3,67 mètres de diamètre, appelé Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS), propriété du département de la Défense, est le plus grand télescope optique des États-Unis conçu pour suivre les satellites. Le télescope AEOS de 75 tonnes pointe et suit très précisément sa cible, et est néanmoins assez rapide pour suivre des satellites en orbite basse ou des missiles balistiques. Il peut tourner jusqu'à presque 20 degrés per seconde. Son rapport focale/diamètre est de f/200 et il a un champ de vue extrêmement étroit. AEOS peut être utilisé simultanément par plusieurs groupes ou institutions car sa lumière peut être dirigée par une série de miroirs vers sept chambres coudées indépendantes situées sous le télescope. Utilisant des capteurs et systèmes sophistiqués qui comprennent un système d'optique adaptive, un radiomètre, un spectrographe et un imageur en infrarouge lointain, le télescope suit des objets artificiels de l'espace profond et permet l'identification des objets spatiaux. AEOS est équipé d'un système d'optique adaptative, dont la pièce principale est un miroir déformable comportant 941 actuateurs qui peuvent modifier sa forme pour éliminer les effets de distorsion causés par l'atmosphère. Les scientifiques s'attendent à obtenir des images quasi-limitées par la diffraction des objets spatiaux. Voir aussi Articles connexes AMOS Liste des plus grands télescopes optiques Liens externes (en) « AIR FORCE MAUI OPTICAL AND SUPERCOMPUTING (AMOS) SITE », sur AFRL Références Portail de l’astronomie Portail d’Hawaï
AES Barbers Point Plant

AES Barbers Point Plant was a medium-size coal-fired electrical power station located in the south-west corner of the Hawaiian island of Oahu. Owned and operated by AES, the plant was the only coal-fired power plant in the state of Hawaii and was the state's leading single source of toxic pollutants. AES Barbers Point Power Plant consisted of a single unit on the grounds of Campbell Industrial Park, had a year-around capacity of 180 MWe, and in 2006 represented about 11% of Oahu's commercial electricity supply. The plant closed on September 1, 2022, as part of a state goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. AES indicated that the facility could be repurposed to burn biofuels instead of coal, though such a conversion could take years to complete. Fuel sources While in operation, the AES Barbers Point Power Plant burned approximately 650,000 tons of subbituminous coal each year. The coal was imported from Indonesia via a marine terminal at the Barbers Point Harbor. From there, coal was taken to the plant by a 1.6-mile (2.6 km) long conveyor system. In addition to coal, the plant used alternate fuel sources, such as old tires and used motor oil, to help power the plant. The plant also burned carbon from Board of Water Supply filters. The ash waste product created by AES was used in concrete mixes. In negotiations between Hawaiian Electric Company and AES in 2014, it was asked that the plant be converted to run partly on biomass. Environmental impact AES introduced limestone early into the coal-combustion process, filtering out harmful sulfur dioxide early. Most coal plants use industrial scrubbers to remove harmful pollutants late in the combustion process, which have a higher cost, but are much more efficient, removing as much as 98% of SO2, compared to the 75% removal rate at AES. According to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency data, the AES plant was the leading source of toxic pollutants in the State of Hawaii, producing 662,599.80 pounds (300,550.21 kg) in toxic releases in 2013. This represented a pollutant increase for the plant of more than 100% from 2012. Exemption from fossil fuel tax In 2015 the Hawaii State Legislature passed, and Governor David Ige signed a bill that applied the state's tax on petroleum products to all other fossil fuels. The tax specifically exempted coal-powered utilities that operated under power purchase agreements that were in effect before June 30, 2015. The exemption had the effect of exempting the AES Barbers Point Power Plant from the fossil fuel tax. Environmental groups criticized this move, questioning why coal-fired power plants should be exempted when all other types of fossil fuels, including petroleum, propane, and liquified natural gas, would be subject to the expanded tax. References External links Aerial photo of the plant (near the center of the lower-left quadrant) and the surrounding Campbell Industrial Park area. Map of Barbers Point Harbor and the coal conveyor by Hawaii DOT.
Ala Moana Hotel

The Ala Moana Hotel is a skyscraper hotel in Honolulu, Hawaii. Constructed between 1968 and 1970, the building reaches a height of 120.7 m (396 ft) and contains 38 floors. Upon completion, it was the first building in Hawaii to exceed 100 m (328 ft) and the first modern skyscraper in the state. It held the title of the tallest building in Hawaii until 1978, when it was surpassed by the Century Center. Additionally, it remained the tallest building in the state by roof height until 1990, when it was surpassed by the One Waterfront Towers. The hotel adjoins the Ala Moana Shopping Center and is situated across the street from the Hawaii Convention Center and Ala Moana Beach Park. History The skyscraper was designed by the Seattle-based architectural firm John Graham & Company. It opened in 1970 as part of Flagship Hotels, the hotel division of American Airlines. The property was renamed the Ala Moana Americana in 1972, following American Airlines' acquisition of Americana Hotels. In 1986, co-owners Dillingham Corp. and Pick-Americana Hotels of Dallas sold the hotel to the Japan-based Azabu USA for $70 million. Azabu subsequently invested $31 million in renovations and engaged Ramada Renaissance Hotels to manage the property, which was rebranded as the Ramada Renaissance Ala Moana Hotel. In 2004, Azabu sold the hotel for $85 million to Crescent Heights, a Miami-based condominium developer. Crescent Heights converted approximately 800 of the hotel's 1,154 rooms into condominium units, selling them for approximately $200,000 each. Outrigger Hotels assumed management of the hotel portion in 2006, though the property did not adopt the Outrigger name. In 2016, Outrigger sold its interest in the hotel to the Australia-based Mantra Group for $52.5 million. The 38-story Ala Moana Hotel stands at a height of 120.7 m (396 ft) and contains a total of 1,176 rooms. It should not be confused with the Moana Surfrider Hotel, which was built approximately 70 years earlier. Architecture The Ala Moana Hotel was recognized by the Building Industry Association of Hawaii as a 2006 Parade of Homes standout. See also List of tallest buildings in Honolulu References External links Ala Moana Hotel by Mantra official website Ala Moana Hotel by Mantra official Mantra Hotels chain website Ala Moana Hotel by Mantra official Accor chain website
Alakai Wilderness Preserve

Le Alakai Wilderness Preserve, plus connu sous le nom de marais d'Alakai, est une forêt humide de montagne sur l'île hawaïenne de Kauai. Bien que la réserve abrite des tourbières alpines, ce n'est pas un véritable marais . La réserve, d'une surface de 36 km2, est située sur un plateau près du mont Waialeale, l'un des endroits les plus humides sur la Terre. Description Les 5,6 km du sentier du marais d'Alakai est souvent occulté dans les nuages, et est l'un des rares endroits sur Kauai où l'on peut marcher à travers eux. Ce sentier est accessible par le sentier Vista Pihea, qui est relié à la route du Waimea Canyon. En raison des précipitations enregistrées ici, des nids-de-poule se forment et la route est souvent fermée. La fin de ce sentier surplombe la baie de Hanalei au loin et il est possible de voir plusieurs chutes d'eau depuis le belvédère. Parmi les 48 espèces menacées endémiques de Kaua’i, 21 ne se trouvent que dans l’écosystème humide montagnard comprenant le marais d’Alaka’i et le sommet du mont Waiʻaleʻale. Références Liens externes Fimrite, « Kauai's Secret Garden », Via Magazine, American Automobile Association,‎ novembre 2001 (lire en ligne) Randonnée dans le marais d'Alakai et les ascensions de Waialeale / Kawaikini "Alakai Wilderness Preserve" . Système d'information sur les noms géographiques . United States Geological Survey . Portail d’Hawaï Portail de la conservation de la nature
Alfred Hocking House

The Alfred Hocking House (now also known as Graystones) at 1302 Nehoa Street in Honolulu, Hawaii was built in 1903 for Alfred Hocking, founder of the Honolulu Brewing and Malting Company. It was designed in Queen Anne style architecture by E.A.P. Newcomb, a nationally known architect newly arrived in Hawaiʻi, in partnership with the much younger but well-connected local architect C.W. Dickey. It was listed on the Hawaiʻi and National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Even after Alfred died in 1936 and his wife in 1940, the property remained in the Hocking family until 1947, when it was bought by Dr. and Mrs. Edmund Lee. After Dr. Lee died, the house was known by the name of his widow, Rose Chang Lee. By the time she died, it was badly in need of repair. Honolulu entrepreneur Rick Ralston, founder of Crazy Shirts, then bought and restored it so successfully that it won the "1985 Award for Ground-Up Restoration" from local architects. Ralston also installed new plumbing and air-conditioning, and later sold it to a local developer whose children attended nearby Punahou School. In 2006, after they had gone off to college, he put the house on the market for $5.5 million. The name Graystones comes from its exterior walls of 21-inch slabs of hand-cut bluestone, complemented by white latticework and green and white awnings over the large wraparound porch. Inside, the house offers living space of 8,210 square feet (763 m2), including seven bedrooms and three-and-a-half baths, with a grand staircase, high ceilings, chandeliers, hardwood floors, redwood wainscoting, Palladian windows, claw-foot bathtubs, and even a fern grotto with tropical flora and a trickling stream off the dining room. References
Мидуей

Мидуей е атол в западната част на Хавайския архипелаг в Полинезия (северната част на Тихия океан) в състава на Малките далечни острови на САЩ, принадлежащи към островните външни територии на САЩ. География Атолът е разположен приблизително на 1/3 от пътя между Хонолулу и Токио и по средата между щата Калифорния и Япония, откъдето идва и името Мидуей (в превод: По средата на пътя). Състои се от дин пръстеновиден коралов риф с диаметър 6 km и 2 главни острова – Пясъчния остров (Санд) и Източния остров, както и от множество по-малки надводни издатини. Островите служат за място на гнездене на стотици хиляди морски птици. Албатросите на Мидуей населяват всички острови и живеят в съжителство с хората. Общата площ на островите се равнява на 6,23 km², а включващата се към атола лагуна е с площ 40 km². От географска гледна точка атолът е част от северозападните Хавайски острови. Правят се усилия те да станат част от щата. Бреговата линия възлиза на 15 km. Най-висока точка 13 m надморска височина. Климатът е тропичен, океански, със средна годишна температура 26 °С и валежи – 1500 – 2000 mm годишно. Население Първоначално ненаселени, днес на островите живеят 40 души, всички на Пясъчния остров. През 1978 г. там пребивават над 2300 души, повечето от армията, а атолът служи като военна база на Военноморските сили на САЩ. История Островите Мидуей са открити на 5 юли 1859 г. от американския капитан Дж. Брукс, а през 1867 г. са присъединени към територията на САЩ, 30 години преди останалите Хавайски острови. Първоначално служат главно за станция по пътя между Калифорния и Япония. През 1903 г. Мидуей става една от станциите на тихоокеанската телефонна компания Commercial Pacific Cable Company и на него се настаняват първите заселници. След оплаквания заради зачестилите появявания на японски рибари в акваторията на атола, островите стават грижа на американското министерство на военноморския флот. През 1940 г. там е построена военновъздушна база на Военноморските сили на САЩ. Островите стават известни с битката при Мидуей (4 – 7 юни 1942 г.), проведена между САЩ и Япония. Това е една от най-важните битки на тихоокеанския театър по време на Втората световна война. Япония губи 4 самолетоносача и трябва да прекрати опитите си за завземане на Мидуей. От 1943 до 1945 г. атолът се използва като база за подводници. Особено по време на Корейската и Виетнамската война Мидуей е използван като станция за транспорт на машини и за други нужди. През 1996 г. атолът е на подчинение на Министерството на вътрешните работи на САЩ и е обявен за Национален резерват. В днешни дни на острова вече се допускат туристи. Пистата за приземяване на самолети на Източния остров е западнала, докато на Пясъчния остров още могат да се приземяват дори големи транспортни самолети. Бележки Външни препратки Midway Atoll: National Wildlife Refuge (английски) Länderinformation Informationen über Midway inkl. Videos Архив на оригинала от 2009-05-06 в Wayback Machine. (английски)
Midway (atol)

L'Atol Midway (també conegut com a illes Midway) és un territori no incorporat dels Estats Units. El seu estatus és el d'Àrea insular i està a càrrec del Departament de l'Interior, inclòs a les illes d'Ultramar Menors dels EUA. Les illes formen un atol de 6,2 km² localitzat en el Pacífic Nord, prop de l'extrem nord-occidental de l'arxipèlag de Hawaii, consistent en una barrera de coral en forma d'anella, i nombrosos illots de sorra. Les dues illes més importants quant a grandària, Sand Island i Eastern Island, són l'hàbitat de milers d'aus marines. Les seves coordenades són 28° 13′ N, 177° 22′ O. Es troben les illes aproximadament a mig camí entre Califòrnia i les Filipines, fet que originà el nom en anglès midway ('mig camí'). L'economia se sustenta completament amb fons governamentals, i tant aliments com béns de manufactura han de ser importats. L'àrea de Midway és reconeguda especialment per la batalla de Midway, que es va tenir lloc durant la Segona Guerra Mundial. La Marina dels Estats Units va repel·lir un atac japonès; aquesta victòria nord-americana va marcar un canvi en l'escenari de la guerra en el Pacífic. Transport El mètode habitual per arribar a Sand Island, l'única illa poblada de l'atoll de Midway, és amb avions noliejats que aterren al camp Henderson de Sand Island, que també funciona com a pista de desviament d'emergència per a vols transpacífics.