NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge

The Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii. It was created in 1972 to mitigate the wildlife resource disturbances caused by construction of the Honolulu International Airport Reef Runway. The Refuge includes three units, the Honouliuli, Waiwa and Kalaeloa. The Honouliuli and Waiawa Units are managed under a cooperative agreement with the United States Navy. The Kalaeloa Unit was established during Base Realignment and Closure proceedings in 2001. Through these cooperative efforts with the Federal Aviation Administration, the State of Hawaii, and the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service made Pearl Harbor NWR a reality. Landscape and natural resources The Honouliuli Unit contains two freshwater wetland impoundments that are intensively managed to provide habitat for a variety of waterbirds, including Hawaii's endangered waterbirds and migrant waterfowl. These two impoundments contain nesting islands, aquatic vegetation and mudflats that are used as nesting and foraging areas by various waterbird species throughout the year. The Waiawa Unit is composed of two brackish ponds, one of which is primarily managed for the endangered aeʻo (a subspecies of the common black-winged stilt, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni). However, the pond's estuarine environment is ideal for establishing a host of food resources for four endangered waterbird species found there. The Kalaeloa Unit, once part of the former Barbers Point Naval Air Station, was added to the Pearl Harbor NWR to protect the endangered ʻEwa Hinahina (Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata) and ʻAkoko (Euphorbia skottsbergii). This area of raised limestone coral reef contains the last remaining ancient coastal dry shrubland plant communities that were once widespread throughout the ʻEwa Plain. It is also home to anchialine pools, which are pools of saltwater connected to the ocean via minute cracks in the limestone. These are home to the ʻōpaeʻula (Hawaiian shrimp, Halocaridina rubra). Native coastal plants still flourish at Kalaeloa amongst two endangered plant species. The largest population of ʻAkoko (Euphorbia skottsbergii) on Oʻahu and the second largest population of endangered ʻEwa Hinahina can be found within this unit. Native plants include the night-blooming Maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana) with its beautiful fragrant flowers; the Hinahina, a very dense, soft, and silky-looking plant; and Naio (Myoporum sandwicense), one of the few natives that is a strong competitor against alien grasses. Public use To protect the delicate habitats, the refuge is closed to visitors, except for Betty Bliss Memorial Overlook, which is open year-round. Notes References This article incorporates public domain material from Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Pearlridge Center

Das Pearlridge Center (auch Pearlridge Mall genannt) in Aiea, einem Vorort von Honolulu, ist das größte Indoor-Einkaufszentrum von Hawaii. Es besteht aus zwei Komplexen, Wai Makai und Mauka genannt, die durch eine Monorail-Linie verbunden sind. Dazwischen liegt eine Farm. Es wurde 1972 von Daiei Incorporated, Tokio, als Investor gebaut, der zweite Komplex wurde 1976 eröffnet. Es beherbergt über 170 Geschäfte, 16 Kinosäle, 12 Restaurants, eine Notfallklinik, einen achtgeschossigen Büroturm und einen Minigolfplatz. Das Pearlridge Center gehört der Washington Prime Group Inc. (NYSE: WPG), die 2019 eine Renovierung für 33 Millionen US-Dollar durchführte. Ein Heritage Center wurde hinzugefügt, in dem die hawaiische Kultur der Umgebung dargestellt wird. Am 14. Juni 2021 meldete die Eigentümergesellschaft Washington Prime Group Insolvenz nach Chapter 11 an. Es hatten sich aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie in ihren landesweit über 100 Shopping-Malls Schulden von 3,5 Milliarden US-Dollar angehäuft. Weblinks Lageplan Center Stores Einzelnachweise
Port Allen Airport

Port Allen Airport (IATA: PAK, ICAO: PHPA, FAA LID: PAK) is a regional airport of the State of Hawai'i. It is located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) southwest of the unincorporated town of Hanapepe on the south shore of the island of Kauaʻi. Most flights to Port Allen Airport originate from commuter airports on the other Hawaiian islands by unscheduled air taxis and general aviation. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a general aviation facility. History The 1928 the Territorial legislature allotted $15,000 to establish an airport on Kauaʻi, and purchased land at its present site. The first flight from Port Allen Airport, by Inter-Island Airways, was in November 1929. Facilities and aircraft Port Allen Airport covers an area of 179 acres (72 ha) at an elevation of 24 feet (7.3 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 9/27 with an asphalt surface measuring 2,450 by 60 feet (747 by 18 m). The airport has separate parking areas for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters and a public parking area. There are no other public facilities at the airport. Access to the airport is provided by Kaalani Road, which connects the airport with Lolokai Road and Highway 50. Adjacent to the airport are the salt ponds at Hanapepe where paakai is prepared. The principal planned improvements are the development of helicopter lease lots to the eastern end of the airport, construction of public comfort stations and minor roadway improvements. For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2008, the airport had 5,535 aircraft operations, an average of 15 per day: 59% air taxi, 40% general aviation, and 1% military. At that time there were 10 aircraft based at this airport: 40% helicopter, 10% glider and 50% ultralight. Authority Port Allen Airport is part of a centralized state structure governing all of the airports and seaports of Hawaiʻi. The official authority of Port Allen Airport is the Governor of Hawaiʻi. The governor appoints the Director of the Hawai'i State Department of Transportation who has jurisdiction over the Hawaiʻi Airports Administrator. The Hawai'i Airports Administrator oversees six governing bodies: Airports Operations Office, Airports Planning Office, Engineering Branch, Information Technology Office, Staff Services Office, Visitor Information Program Office. Collectively, the six bodies have authority over the four airport districts in Hawai'i: Hawai'i District, Kauaʻi District, Mau'i District and the principal O'ahu District. Port Allen Airport is a subordinate of the Kauaʻi District officials. See also List of airports in Hawaii References External links Port Allen Airport (PAK) at Hawaii DOT Resources for this airport: FAA airport information for PAK AirNav airport information for PHPA ASN accident history for PAK FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker SkyVector aeronautical chart for PHPA
Aeroportul Port Allen

Aeroportul Port Allen (IATA: PAK, ICAO: PHPA, FAA LID: PAK) este un aeroport din Comitatul Kauai, Hawaii, Hawaii, Statele Unite ale Americii ce deservește zona Hanapēpē⁠(d)[[Hanapēpē (human settlement in Kauai County, Hawaii, United States of America)|​]]. Situat la o altitudine de 7 m, aeroportul dispune de 1 pistă. Este operat de Hawaii Department of Transportation⁠(d). Infrastructură Piste Aeroportul dispune de o singură pistă. Pista 09/27 are suprafața de asfalt și dimensiunile 2.450 picioare × 60 picioare. Terminale Note Vezi și
Princeville Airport

Princeville Airport (IATA: HPV, FAA LID: HI01) is a private airport located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) east of the central business district (CBD) of Hanalei, a village on the island of Kaua‘i in Hawaii, United States. The airport covers 29 acres (12 ha) and has one runway. History Princeville Airport opened for operations in 1977. Shortly thereafter Princeville Airways began scheduled services on September 9, 1980, between Honolulu and Princeville, Kauai using two de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter STOL capable turboprop aircraft. It served this initial regular commuter route between Princeville and Honolulu primarily for Princeville Resort guests. The State of Hawaii in 1994 entered into an agreement with the owners of the airport to take over operations and management. In 1996 the Session Laws of Hawaii created Act 287 to appropriate $100,000 for a design to widen Runway 5-23. The State dropped the airport lease in 1999. On May 1, 2019, Makani Kai Air began twice daily service between Honolulu International Airport and Princeville Airport on Kauai. The airport had been without commercial airline service for more than 20 years after the departure of Island Air in 1997. Since the merger with Mokulele Airlines, commercial flights from Princeville are no longer offered. As of April 24th, 2023 the only operator at the Princeville Airport is Blue Hawaiian Helicopters, which offers tours of the Island of Kaua'i. Previous airline service Island Air (Honolulu) Makani Kai Air (Honolulu) See also List of airports in Hawaii References External links Resources for this airport: FAA airport information for HI01 AirNav airport information for HI01 FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker SkyVector aeronautical chart for HI01
Aeroportul Princeville

Aeroportul Princeville (IATA: HPV, ICAO: HI01, FAA LID: HI01) este un aeroport din Comitatul Kauai, Hawaii, Hawaii, Statele Unite ale Americii. Aeroportul a fost tranzitat în 1999 de 132 de pasageri. Situat la o altitudine de 105 m, aeroportul dispune de 1 pistă. Infrastructură Piste Aeroportul dispune de o singură pistă. Pista 05/23 are suprafața de asfalt și dimensiunile 3.560 picioare × 60 picioare. Terminale Note Vezi și
Puʻu o Mahuka Heiau State Monument

Puʻu o Mahuka Heiau State Historic Site on the North Shore of Oʻahu is the largest heiau (temple) on the island, covering 2 acres (8,100 m2) on a hilltop overlooking Waimea Bay and Waimea Valley. From its commanding heights, sentries could once monitor much of the northern shoreline of Oʻahu, and even spot signal fires from the Wailua Complex of Heiaus on Kauaʻi, with which it had ties. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, when it became the center of a 4-acre (16,000 m2) state park. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. Puʻu o Mahuka means "Hill of Escape." Hawaiian legends have it that from this point, the volcano goddess Pele leaped from Oʻahu to the next island, Molokaʻi. The highest of the heiau's three walled enclosures may date to the 17th century, with the lower two enclosures perhaps added during the 18th century. These were times of great conflict, and the upper platform appears to have functioned as a luakini heiau (a sacrificial temple) to bring success in war. During the 1770s, the overseer of this heiau was Kaʻopulupulu, the high priest of the last independent high chief of Oʻahu, Kahāhana. In 1792, George Vancouver's ship, HMS Daedalus, anchored near Waimea Bay to collect water. Three men in his shore party were killed in a skirmish with Native Hawaiians, 1930's archeologist J. Gilbert McAllister noted it was "probable" that the bodies of the three men were then taken to the heiau as human sacrifices. After Kamehameha I conquered Oʻahu in 1795, his high priest Hewahewa led religious ceremonies here and the heiau remained in use until the traditional kapu system was abolished in 1819. At the start of Makahiki, the four months of Hawaiian New Year, an observer standing at Kaʻena Point would see the Pleiades (Makaliʻi) rising out of Pu'u o Mahuka Heiau just after sunset. The site can be reached from Pupukea Homestead Road (Highway 835), which starts at Kamehameha Highway (Highway 83) across from Pupukea fire station. Gallery References
Puʻupehe Platform

Puʻupehe Platform, also known Puʻu Pehe and in tourist literature as Sweetheart Rock, is a triangular sea stack 150 feet off the peninsula separating Mānele Bay and Hulopoʻe Bay on the island of Lānaʻi, Hawaiʻi. Both its Hawaiian and its English name allude to a legend about Pehe, the beautiful daughter of a local chief, whose jealous husband, Makakehau ('Misty Eyes' clouded by her beauty), confined her to a nearby cave facing the open ocean. When a storm arose while he was away fetching fresh water for her, high seas flooded the cave and drowned her before he could return to rescue her. In his grief, he is said to have hauled her body to the top of the rock, where he entombed her before leaping to his own death. However, when the archaeologist Kenneth Emory investigated the "tomb" in detail in 1921, he found no human bones, only those of sea birds, leading him to conclude that the carefully arranged stones were an altar built by either bird hunters or fishermen. Since 1976, Puʻu Pehe has marked the boundary between two subzones of the 309-acre Mānele-Hulopoʻe Marine Life Conservation District designated by the State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources. Subzone B includes Mānele Bay boat harbor, while Subzone A includes Hulopoʻe Bay, where no motorized vessels are permitted. Both zones contain clear waters and extensive coral reefs that provide excellent snorkeling and Scuba-diving opportunities. The land surrounding the two bays contains many remnants of earlier Native Hawaiian village sites, whose inhabitants subsisted on dryland farming and offshore fishing. About 28 acres of former Kapihaʻā village on the rocky shores of Hulopoʻe Bay below the Mānele Bay Resort golf clubhouse have been preserved and marked with interpretative signs along a trail. The remnants of the village include house platforms, garden terracing, stone tool work sites, a heiau, and a fishing shrine (koʻa). Gallery References
Punaluu Black Sand Beach

Punaluʻu Black Sand Beach es una playa cercana a Nāʻālehu en la isla de Hawái, Hawái. La playa es de arena oscura debido a los escurrimientos de lava volcánica. Geografía La playa de Punaluʻu Black se localiza geográficamente en 19°03′55″N 155°35′19″O, a una altitud de 2 m s. n. m. El 13 de agosto de 2007, el Huracán Flossie, golpeó la playa con un oleaje de entre 4,6-6,1 m, y vientos superiores a los 75 km/h, por lo que el área fue declarada en estado de emergencia por la gobernadora de Hawái, Linda Lingle.
Punaluʻu Black Sand Beach

Punaluʻu Black Sand Beach est une plage proche à Nāʻālehu dans l'île de Hawaii, dans l'Etat de Hawaï, aux États-Unis. En langue hawaïenne, puna luʻu signifie « plongeur de source ». La plage est de sable noir en raison des coulées de lave volcanique. Punaluʻu est fréquenté par des tortues imbriquées et des tortues vertes en voie de disparition, que l’on peut souvent voir se prélasser sur le sable noir. Source de traduction Références Portail d’Hawaï
Parque histórico nacional Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau

El parque histórico nacional Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau (en inglés: Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park) es un parque histórico nacional localizado en la costa oeste de la isla de Hawái en el estado estadounidense de Hawái. El parque histórico preserva el sitio donde, hasta principios del siglo XIX, los hawaianos que rompían un kapu (una de las leyes antiguas) podían evitar la muerte segura al huir a este puʻuhonua (lugar de refugio). El infractor era posteriormente absuelto por un sacerdote y se le dejaba marcharse. Los guerreros vencidos y los no combatientes también podían encontrar refugio en el parque en tiempos de batalla. En el terreno que hay al otro lado de la Pā Puʻuhonua (Gran Muralla), la cual encierra al puʻuhonua, habitaron varias generaciones de jefes de tribu poderosos. Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau es uno de los únicos sitios en Hawái donde la bandera de Hawái puede ondear oficialmente sin la bandera estadounidense; los otros tres sitios son el palacio ʻIolani, el Mauna ʻAla y Thomas Square.​​ El nombre del parque y sus características En 1955, se le dio el nombre de parque histórico nacional Lugar de Refugio (en inglés: City of Refuge National Historical Park). En el año 2000, se le cambió el nombre de modo que se respetase la ortografía hawaiana como motivo de la ley del 2000 para la corrección del lenguaje en los nombres de los parques nacionales hawaianos (en inglés: Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000).​ Mide 1,7 km² y contiene el puʻuhonua y un complejo de sitios arqueológicos, entre los cuales se encuentra lo siguiente: plataformas del templo, estanques de la realeza, pistas de hōlua (una especie de surf hawaiano sobre piedras) y algunos sitios del pueblo costero. El templo Hale o Keawe y varias estructuras de paja han sido reconstruidas. El heiau Hale o Keawe El parque contiene una reconstrucción del heiau Hale o Keawe, el cual fue originariamente construido por un jefe de tribu de Kona llamado Kanuha en honor a su padre, el rey Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. Tras la muerte de este rey, fueron sepultados dentro del heiau. La nobleza (ali'i) de Kona continuó siendo enterrada allí hasta la abolición del sistema kapu. La última persona en ser enterrada en el templo fue un hijo de Kamehameha I en 1818. Se creía que el lugar de refugio recibía protección del mana de los huesos de los jefes de tribu. Otros templos fueron destruidos, pero este siguió en pie años después. Fue saqueado por George Byron (primo del distinguido poeta inglés) en 1825.​ En 1829, la alta jefa de tribu Kapiʻolani sacó los huesos restantes y los escondió en los acantilados de Pali Kapu O Keōua, los cuales están situados cerca de la Bahía de Kealakekua. Tras esto, ordenó destruir este último templo. Más tarde, se cambiaron a los huesos de sitio y fueron llevados al Mausoleo Real de Hawái en 1858.​ Referencias Enlaces externos • Sitio oficial de National Park Service: Parque histórico nacional Puʻuhonua o Honaunau • Ensayo fotográfico de las residencias de los reyes hawaianos
Parc historique national Pu'uhonua O Honaunau

Le parc historique national de Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau est un parc historique national des États-Unis situé sur la côte ouest de l'île d'Hawaï dans l'État américain d'Hawaï. Le parc historique préserve le site où, jusqu'au début du XIXe siècle, les Hawaïens qui enfreignaient un Kapu (en) (une des anciennes lois) pouvaient éviter une mort certaine en fuyant vers ce lieu de refuge ou puʻuhonua. Le délinquant serait absous par un prêtre et autorisé à partir. Les guerriers vaincus et les non-combattants pouvaient également trouver refuge ici en temps de bataille. Les terres situées juste à l'extérieur de la Grande Muraille qui entoure le puʻuhonua abritaient plusieurs générations de chefs puissants. Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau est l'un des quatre seuls endroits à Hawaï où le drapeau d'Hawaï peut officiellement flotter seul sans le drapeau américain ; les trois autres endroits sont le palais ʻIolani, le Mauna ʻAla (en) et Thomas Square (en). Histoire Le site de 420 acres (1,7 km2) a été créé en 1955 sous le nom de Parc historique national de la Cité-Refuge et a été rebaptisé le 10 novembre 1978. En 2000, le nom a été modifié par la loi de 2000 sur la correction linguistique des parcs nationaux hawaïens, respectant l'orthographe hawaïenne. Il comprend le puʻuhonua et un complexe de sites archéologiques comprenant : des plateformes de temples, des viviers royaux, des pistes de luge et quelques villages côtiers. Le temple Hale o Keawe et plusieurs structures au toit de chaume ont été reconstruits. Hale o Keawe heiau Voir également Liste des parcs d'État hawaïens Notes et références Portail d’Hawaï Portail de la conservation de la nature Portail du Registre national des lieux historiques
Пуухонуа-о-Хонаунау

Национальный исторический парк Пуухонуа-о-Хонаунау (гав. Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau — место убежище) — гавайский исторический парк на западном побережье острова Гавайи (штат Гавайи, США), где вплоть до начала XIX века, гавайцы совершали ритуальные церемонии и могли получить убежище от преследования при нарушении местных законов. Описание парка Парк был создан в 1955 году, переименовывался в 1978 и 2000 году — название было переведено на гавайский язык. Парк представляет собой целый комплекс археологических памятников и сооружений: храмовые стены и платформы из лавовых камней королевские пруды для разведения и содержания рыбы гавайские санные спуски реконструкция быта гавайских древних прибрежных поселений реконструкция деревянных строений и идолов морской причал и пляж для морских черепах. В парке восстановлен гавайский храм «Хейл о Кеаве», который был построен в Каилуа-Кона для вождя по имени Кахуна (Kanuha) в честь отца короля Keawe'īkekahiali’iokamoku. После смерти последнего, его кости были погребены в храме. Последним здесь был погребён в 1818 году сын Камеамеа I. Древние гавайцы считали, что останки вождей дают дополнительную защиту за счёт их «маны». Это место в 1825 году посещал Лорд Джордж Байрон, двоюродный брат известного английского поэта. В 1829 году оставшиеся кости вождей были перепрятаны из этого места в скалу соседнего залива Кеалакекуа. В 1858 году они были переправлены в королевский Мавзолей в Гонолулу. См. также Кеалакекуа (бухта) Примечания Ссылки Исторический парк — официальный сайт Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park : [№ 358732] // U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System : [англ.] / Domestic Names Committee ; U.S. Board on Geographic Names. — Дата обращения : 30.07.2026. Фоторепортаж о резиденции Гавайских вождей
Queen's Bath

The Queen's Bath is an ocean pool on the island of Kauaʻi, Hawaii. It is formed by lava rock and is next to multiple lagoons. It is located on the north shore of Kauaʻi in the town of Princeville. Small fish and other sea creatures live inside the bath, while green sea turtles are a common sight in the surrounding waters. The site is considered to be dangerous and a number of drownings have occurred there. Safety concerns and recreational use The site is accessible via a trail. According to Honolulu Civil Beat, the Princeville at Hanalei Community Association has gone to significant lengths to discourage and prevent visitors from visiting the site, including fencing and warnings, due to the danger of people being swept away by waves, and there have been "countless rescues" of visitors to the site. As of May 2024, at least 10 people had died at the site. The death toll sign at the bottom of the trail, indicating 28 drownings, was created by concerned citizens and is not an official county sign reflecting the actual number of drownings. History Queen's Bath used to be called Keanalele and known for a mound with the most concentrated complex petroglyphs in Hawai'i. The original "Queen's Bath" was located in Kalapana on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi. It was formed after a lava tube collapsed and filled with fresh water supplied by natural springs. In ancient times only the Aliʻi (Royalty) were permitted entry to the sacred waters. In 1983 Kilauea erupted and in 1987 the original site was destroyed by lava flow. Only after the original site on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi was destroyed did the location on Kauai become better known as "Queen's Bath". References